Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Investigative Project Made by Me
Investigative Project Made by Me
METAL
Requirements in Science 8
Submitted by:
Submitted to:
Fernandez A. Ionite
make different tools, technology and products. Technology is for making work easier and
for doing things that are normally impossible without it. In some cases, metal can be the
main ingredient in making tools for working in where water is present. The researchers
chose this topic to know which type of water oxidizes metal the most which may help
technicians and engineers who work on water know if their tools will maintain their
condition for long and to know if they should change the material which they used to make
such tools to work within or related to the ocean or general liquid. Water is an essential
part of each and every living being here on earth. Without water, there wouldn’t be any
living beings at all like humans because humans are 70% water however, water can be
a bit of a problem too when you add metal to the picture because water can cause
oxidation to the metal and cause rusting which can be a bit of a problem when doing work
using metal tools. So this is a must to research to not only fill our minds with valuable
information but to help those who improve our daily lives who work within water.
This project aims to determine the difference of the time it takes for metal to rust
using different types of water. Specifically, this study seeks to answer the follow
questions:
1. What are the different effects of tap water, salt water and purified water to the
2. Variables:
Hypothesis
There is a significant difference in the rusting rate using saltwater which is the fastest in
corroding metal
This study is significant to people making tools and machinery which is used for
something in which water is present to avoid rust from being present in their final product
The researchers focus on the effects of water on metal specifically tap water, salt water
and purified water in a container. The metal will be placed in three separate containers.
All factors maintained constant except the water to be used for the metal in each different
container. The container will contain salt water, the second container will contain tap
water and the third container will contain purified water for a duration of four weeks. The
rust present in the metal, the size of the metal and the general condition of the metal will
be observed and compared. This experiment will test the tolerance of metal to 3 different
types of water to oxidation. The set up should be done in room temperature and the
condition of both the quality of the metal, the container and the water should be similar.
Definition of Terms
For better understanding of this Investigative Project, I have presented the definitions of
knowledge.
Corrosion – The process where metal atoms react with their environment
Related Literature
Metal is a solid material that is typically hard, shiny, malleable, fusible, and
ductile with a good electrical and thermal conductivity (e.g., iron, gold, silver,
copper, and aluminum, and alloys such as brass and steel). According to
Wikipedia, Saline water (more commonly known as salt water) is water that
parts per million (ppm). The United States Geological Survey classifies saline
3,000 to 10,000 pp, (0.3-1%) and in highly saline water 10,000 to 35,000 *1-
of salt per one liter (or kilogram) of water. The saturation level is dependent
about 0.357 grams of salt; a concentration of 26.3%. At boiling (100 °C) the
amount that can be dissolved in one milliliter of water increases to about 0.391
grams or 28.1% saline solution. Tap water is simply piped water which is
countries. Usually it is potable, although water quality problems are not rare.
Related Studies
Foreign
According to Kelsey (www.knowswhy.com/why-do-nails-rust/) The reason
that iron rusts and other metals oxidize is because rust and other oxidation
forms are a lower energy and thus more stable than the metal form. The
combination of the metal iron atom and an oxygen atom releases energy as
they combine, and rust would actually feel hot if rusting were a much faster
an electrical phenomenon that causes a small current to flow. Over time, this
current flow causes oxygen to penetrate deep into metals, causing corrosion.
The end result is rust in ferrous metals, and oxidation and degradation in non-
ferrous metals. If the metals are exposed to the weather, corrosion sets in
quicker
According to MNN Purified water — Purified water is water that comes from
any source, but has been purified to remove any chemicals or contaminants.
carbon filtration. Like distilled water, it has its advantages and disadvantages,
the advantages being that potentially harmful chemicals may be taken out
and the disadvantage being that beneficial minerals may be taken out as well.
Local
According to the Science Book of Metals, the main catalyst for the rusting
process is water. Iron or steel structures might appear to be solid, but water
molecules can penetrate the microscopic pits and cracks in any exposed metal.
The hydrogen atoms present in water molecules can combine with other
elements to form acids, which will eventually cause more metal to be exposed.