Case #1.

-
A small company dedicated to greenhouse agriculture is about to start a pilot
greenhouse model in a remote area. This new model has the advantage on fewer
water consumption, and water tanks need to be refilled every week. The engineer in
charge has suggested to drill a shallow water well, so that a 1 hp centrifugal pump
was selected for this application. One of the disadvantages of centrifugal pumps is
that these need to be purged before being turned on. A pump vendor has suggested
an equipment with high corrosion resistance. The water in the well is known to have
undesirable corrosive effects. So that a valve in the pump inlet can be installed to
avoid repeated purging. One possible configuration for the pump installation is as
shown below, Make a selection of the most adequate valve for this application. Give
the name of the valve and state some of its features. Give details of followed steps
to arrive at this selection.

1.- Primeramente descartaría válvulas que no son utilizadas para regular flujos.
(Ejemplo: de compuerta)
2.-Luego buscaría un material resistente a la corrosión en este caso del agua, como
sugirió el vendedor de bombas. Podría ser bronce, aluminio o acero inoxidable.
3.- Selección de la válvula: En este caso puede ser una válvula de flotador que son
usadas en el control del flujo, y la siguiente en específico es una válvula que está
diseñada para agricultura e industrial, y para aplicaciones donde se tenga que
controlar el agua y el nível del agua. En especial la ST1000 Watts.
  Product Features

 Bronze body
 Replaceable seals
 Male NPT threaded end connection
 Replaceable plungers

Case #2.-
A group of chemical engineering students is involved in the creation of a small
pharmaceutical company. According to the process development and simulation of
the process, a small intensified plant is required for this application. Fine chemical
industry is featured by handling of very small quantities of solids, liquids or gases. At
some stage reactant materials may cause a drop in the pH. One of these chemicals
is HCl, which is of interest when feeding a continuous jacketed reactor. The team of
engineers has also determined that feeding of concentrated HCl solutions is key to
control the reaction speed. A number of other variables are indirectly controlled as
well. It is also known that the HCl is fed as liquid phase to the reactor. At this stage
of the engineering work, the team is only interested in the valve selection, instead of
sizing a valve. Make a selection of the most adequate valve for this application. Give
the name of the valve and state some of its features. Give details of followed steps
to arrive at this selection.
1.- Como es importante el control de la velocidad de alimentación es una parte
importante del control de la velocidad de reacción, se tiene que seleccionar una que
tenga el mayor control de flujo posible, se descartan como de tipo compuerta o de
esfera, y se tiene en cuenta válvulas de esfera o bien de flotador.
2.- El químico que se utiliza es el HCl, por lo tanto se tiene que elegir un material
resistente a la corrosión generada por este material sobre otros. En este caso se
buscara una con Tantalio, que ofrece una gran resitencia a la corrosión del HCl.
3.- Se tomó en cuenta que el proceso, es un proceso farmacéutico entonces, se
buscará alguna que esta registrada para ese uso.
4.- Selección: Después de la búsqueda se encontró que la válvula se encontró que
la marca registrada Tantaline Treate Valves, tiene la válvula recubierta de Titanio,
de tipo mariposa, y de acuerdo a su descripción es usada en la industria
farmacéutica, y altamente resistente a la corrosión por HCl. No se menciona el
modelo específicamente, pero la página web, nos da la información de que sí hay
en existencia de esta marca y de este tipo.
https://tantaline.com/application-notes/tantaline-treated-valves/

 Chemically resistant to SCC and pitting in many aggressive media and environments.
 Tantalum layer remains passivated and inert to corrosion under high temperature (>200⁰ C) acidic conditions including
concentrated hydrochloric acid (HCl) and
sulfuric acid (H2SO4).***
 Superior corrosion resistance against wet, dry chlorine atmospheres, and other chlorinated environments.

Case #3.-
A field engineer is working on a new centrifugal pump installation. The purpose of
the pump is to feed a large water process container. Then, the pump will only transfer
the fluid and no control loop is required for this application. However, a set of two
valves are needed before and after the pump to allow maintenance. The valves are
to be installed in the main feeding pipe of the container. The water process comes
from a loop of steam services lines. It is inferred that the liquid water, at 30°C, is free
of salts, minerals or particles. One technical observation the engineer has made, is
that the selected valves should cause the smallest pressure drop. Make a selection
of the most adequate valve for this application. Give the name of the valve and state
some of its features. Give details of followed steps to arrive at this selection.
1.- Analizando la situación vemos que no se require de un control del fluido, por lo
tanto podemos descargar válvulas reguladoras. También se menciona que se las
válvulas se necesitan para poder darle mantenimiento a la bomba. Podría ser una
válvula de compuerta o esfera.
2.- Como el agua es un agua está libre de partículas, minerales y sales, se predice
que no tendrá un efecto corrosivo muy fuerte, por lo tanto el material no tiene que
ser anticorrosivo necesariamente.
3.- También se menciona que se quiere una menor caída de presión, entonces entre
válvula de compuerta y bola (Esfera) para situaciones on/off las de bola son mejor
opción.
4.- Para este caso se puede seleccionar la B6800 Watts, la cual es resistente al
temperatura indicada, así como resistente a más altas temperaturas y presiones. Y
durante el mantenimiento se puede dejar en línea sin alterar el sistema de tuberías.
 Features
 • 3-piece, lift-out design
 • Carbon/glass reinforced PTFE Durafill® valve seats
 • Chrome plated brass ball
 • Blow-out proof, pressure retaining stem
 • Standard actuator mounting pads
 • High cycle life reinforced PTFE stem packing seal and thrust washer
  • Vinyl insulator on heavy duty, zinc plated carbon steel handles
 • Low operating torque
 • Adjustable stem packing gland
 • Each valve factory tested

Case #4.-
The control environmental chamber of a food process company is having trouble
with CO2 leakeage. Gas detection equipment was used to determine the source of
the leaking. The problem is located in a PVC gate valve in a PVC pipe connecting
the chamber to external process equipment. The leaking valve is shown next.

The chief engineer assigned a trainee engineer for replacement of these valve. The
novice has considered 3 different paths to complete his/her task,
1. Use a gate valve made of a commercial steel alloy. The idea is to have an in-line
reparable gate valve
2. Eliminate the valve from the pipe. In this way, if there is no valve future repairing
is saved too.
3. Use a gate valve made of the same material, without any modification in its
configuration. Make a discussion on the conditions and valve application of the
presented case. Later, create a matrix show why yes and why not options for each
path proposed by the trainee engineer. See for example,
Which is the correct path to choose?

Case #5.-
A large fine chemical company is trying to launch an old chemical process proposed
for local clients in its home country. However, the process plant was only planned
but never built. Also, many information was lost from their archive. One problem a
team of process engineers face is that selection valve sheets are lost too. In one of
these cases, a nearly Newtonian suspension of particles is transferred between two
equipments of the process and a control loop is needed. They now that the fluid is
very viscous and that the size of the suspended particles is small but not
homogeneous. The temperature of the fluid is about 26°C. Another technical
problem that has been envisaged is the position of the valve, since this may should
be installed hanging upside down. By now, the team of engineers is only interested
in solving the valve selection problem. Make a selection of the most adequate valve
for this application. Give the name of the valve and state some of its features. Give
details of followed steps to arrive at this selection.
1.- Control loop is needed Newtonian suspension particles, fluido muy viscoso
Temperatura 26°C. Como tiene que estar controlado el flujo, y existen partículas
Newtonianas suspendidas, se descartará válvulas como de compuerta o de bola.
Entonces puede ser una válvula de mariposa o de globo o diafragma
2.- Hay que tomar en cuenta también que se indica que el fluido es uno muy viscoso.
La válvula de diafragma tiene mayor manejo de fluidos con partícula suspendida y
fluidos viscosos.
3.- Se tiene que instalar volteada hacia abajo, una válvula de diagrama no tendría
problema por eso debido a que se indica que su nombre proviene de que contiene
un disco flexible el cual permite que los elementos trasmitan bien la fuerza para
abrir, cerrar o controlar el flujo de manera adecuada.
4.- Dependiendo de la forma de control que se quiera para el fluido se puede
escoger Praher Diaphragm Valve T4 PVC-U la cual están diseñadas para controlar
el flujo con partículas suspendidas, fluidos viscosos y a temperaturas de 0 a 100°C.

Technical features:

safety gear wheel

corrosion resistant

longworking life

suitable for aggressive and dirty media

radial installation or removal

easy replacement of the diaphragm

Case #6.-
In the valve selection process, knowledge of the process fluid is key. In a chemical
process acetone is intended to be transferred across the plant. Also, a control valve
is to be installed in order to control the flow. The mean temperature of the fluid is
about 25°C. Write the names of 18 different valve materials compatible with this
process fluid at the given temperature. Write alloy and elastomer options.
Case #7.-

Discuss the following pressure reducing valve station. ** Name the missing parts

1. What type of valve would you expect as “isolating valve”?

2. What type of valve are the ones in the condensate branch?
3. What is the purpose of the little valve in the pipe going out of the PRV?
Name a feature of thisvalve.
4. What is a strainer?
5. What is the arrow next to the safety valve indicating?
6. Why is the separator installed that way?
7. Why is the strainer in the steam branch installed horizontally and in the
condensate branchinstalled vertically downwards?