Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Analisa Struktur
Analisa Struktur
RC09 1341
Review Matrix
Struktural Analysis of Matrix Methods
(ASMM)
Introduction of Finite Elemen Method
Application using SAP2000
Structural Analysis
RC Coates, MG Coutie, FK Kong
Chapman & Hall, London, 1997
SAP2000 Manual
Copyright: Dr Endah Wahyuni 3
Evaluation
PR = 10%
ETS = 25%
EAS = 25%
Project = 20%
Quiz = 20%
u 0 0 a b c ua ub uc
0 v 0 d e f vd ve vf
0 0 w g h k wg wh wk
a b c u 0 0 au bv cw
d e f 0 v 0 du ev fw
g h k 0 0 w gu hv kw
Copyright: Dr Endah Wahyuni 11
A transpose matrix
◦ A Matrix may be transposed by interchange its
rows and columns. The transpose of the matrix
A is written as AT
a11 a12 ... a1n a11 a21 ... an1
a a22 ... a2 n a a22 ... an 2
A 21 AT 12
. . ... . . . ... .
am1 am 2 ... amn am1 am 2 ... anm
A symmetric matrix
◦ We can verify that AT = A
Copyright: Dr Endah Wahyuni 12
Inverse Matrix
◦ The inverse of matrix A is denoted by A-1.
◦ Assume that the inverse exists, then the elements of
A-1 are such that A-1A=I and AA-1=I
Determinant of a matrix
◦ A determinant is a square array of numbers
enclosed within vertical bars
Contoh
1 2
1
2 3
0
0 0
0 1 2
DOF : 2
Copyright: Dr Endah Wahyuni 19
Copyright: Dr Endah Wahyuni 20
1
1 2
1 {P} =[K]{U}
1 2
12 EI 6 EI 12 EI 6 EI
-
L3 L2 L3 L2
6 EI 4 EI 6 EI 2 EI
-
L2 L L2 L
K =
12 EI 6 EI 12 EI 6 EI
- -
L3 L2 L3 L2
6 EI 2 EI 6 EI 4 EI
Matriks Kekakuan -
L2 L L2 L
U1’,P1’ U2’,P2’
L, EA
EA EA
K11 = K21 =
L L
U1’= 1 EA
K22 =
L
EA
K12 = -
L U2’= 1
U2, P2 U5, P5
U1, P1 1 U4, P4
1 2
U3, P3 U6, P6
EA EA
0 0 - 0 0
L L
12 EI 6 EI 12 EI 6 EI
0 0 -
L3 L2 L3 L2
K = 6 EI 4 EI 6 EI 2 EI
0 0 -
L2 L L2 L
6x6 EA EA
0 0 - 0 0
L L
12 EI 6 EI 12 EI 6 EI
0 - 0 -
L3 L2 L3 L2
6 EI 2 EI 6 EI 4 EI
0 0 -
L2 L L2 L
1 1 2 2 3
L, EI L, EI
1 1 2 2 3
0 1 2
0 0 0 0
2
1 1 2 3 Matriks kekakuan struktur
0 1 1 2 [ Ks ] 2 x 2
Membuat matrik kekakuan elemen : [ Ks ] = [ K1 ] + [ K2 ]
Matriks Tujuan { T1 } = { 0 0 0 1 }T
4 EI
0
[ K1 ] = L
2x2 0 0
Matriks Tujuan { T2 } = { 0 1 0 2 }T
4 EI 2 EI
[ K2 ] = L L
2 EI 4 EI
2x2
L L
[ Ks ] = [ K1 ] + [ K2 ]
4 EI 4 EI 2 EI 8 EI 2 EI
0
L L L L L
[ Ks ] = + =
2 EI 4 EI 2 EI 4 EI
2x2 0 0
L L L L
0 0 1 1
q L2 q L2
12 12
1
q L2
12
Ps =
1
q L2
12
8 EI 2 EI
L L
[ Ks ] =
2 EI 4 EI
L L
1 L 4 - 2 L 4 - 2
[ Ks ]-1 =
28 EI - 2 8
=
8 . 4 - 2 . 2 EI - 2
8
Jadi : { Us } = [ Ks ]-1 { Ps }
1
q L2
L 4 - 2 12
28 EI - 2 8
Us =
1
q L2
12
Copyright: Dr Endah Wahyuni 35
1 1
q L2 - q L2
L 3 6
Us =
28 EI 1 4
q L2 q L2
6 6
3 q L3
Rotasi di joint 2
Us = 168 EI
5 q L3
Rotasi di joint 3
168 EI
0
U11 0
Elemen 1 : U1 = U12 = 0
U13
3 q L3
U14
168 EI
0
U21 3 q L3
U22
Elemen 2 : U2 = = 168 EI
U23 0
U24 5 q L3
168 EI
1 1
0 0 q L2 q L2
12 12
qL qL
qL 2
2
0 2
1
q L2
0 12
PR1 = PR2 =
qL
0
2
0 1
q L2
12
12 EI 6 EI 12 EI 6 EI 0 0
-
L3 L2 L3 L2
6 EI 4 EI 6 EI 2 EI 0 0
-
L2 L L2 L
P1 = 12 EI 6 EI 12 EI 6 EI +
- - 0 0
L3 L2 L3 L2
6 EI 2 EI 6 EI 4 EI 3 q L3
- 2 0
L2 L L L 168 EI
6
qL 3
56 qL
28
2
q L2
1
q L2
56 28
P1 = 6 =
qL 3
56 qL
28
4 2
q L2 q L2
56 28
Copyright: Dr Endah Wahyuni 38
Elemen 2 : { P2 } = [ K2 ]{U2} + { PR2 }
12 EI 6 EI 12 EI 6 EI 0 qL
- 2
L3 L2 L3 L2
6 EI 4 EI 6 EI 2 EI 3 q L3 1
- 2 q L2
L2 L L L 168 EI 12
P2 = 12 EI 6 EI 12 EI 6 EI + qL
- - 0
L3 L2 L3 L2 2
6 EI 2 EI 6 EI 4 EI 5 q L3 1
- 2 q L2
L2 L L L 168 EI 12
32
qL 16
56 qL
28
4 2
q L2 q L2
56 28
P2 = =
24 12
qL qL
56 28
0 0
1 2 2
q L2 q L2 q L2
28 28 28 q 0
3 16 12
3 qL qL qL
qL 28 28 28
28
- -
3 3 12
qL qL qL
28 28 28
Bidang M : 2
q L2
28
-
+ +
1
q L2
28
Copyright: Dr Endah Wahyuni 40
Contoh 1
1 2 2
q L2 q L2 q L2
28 28 28 q 0
3 16 12
3 qL qL qL
qL 28 28 28
28
- -
3 3 12
qL qL qL
28 28 28
Bidang M : 2
q L2
28
-
+ +
1
q L2
28
Copyright: Dr Endah Wahyuni 44
Contoh 3
P
B C B C
EI 2
1 1 2
EI L
1 DOF = 2
A A
L/2 L/2
0 Deformasi aksial
diabaikan
Matriks kekakuan struktur
[ Ks ] 2 x 2
[ Ks ] = [ K1 ] + [ K2 ]
Matriks Tujuan { T1 } = { 0 1 }T
4 EI
0
L
[ K1 ] =
2x2 0 0
Elemen 2
1 2
4 EI 2 EI
1
L L
K2 = 2 EI 4 EI
2x2 L L 2
Matriks Tujuan { T2 } = { 1 2 }T
4 EI 2 EI
[ K2 ] = L L
2 EI 4 EI
2x2
L L
4 EI 4 EI 2 EI 8 EI 2 EI
0
L L L L L
[ Ks ] = + =
0 0 2 EI 4 EI 2 EI 4 EI
2x2
L L L L
0 1 1
PL PL
8 8
1
PL
8
Ps =
1
PL
8
8 EI 2 EI
[ Ks ] = L L
2 EI 4 EI
L L
1 L 4 - 2 L 4 - 2
[ Ks ]-1 = =
8 . 4 - 2 . 2 EI - 2 8 28 EI - 2 8
Jadi : { Us } = [ Ks -1] { Ps }
1PL
L 4 - 2 8
Us =
28 EI - 2 8 1
PL
8
1
P L U11 0
L 4 - 2 8
Us = - 2 8
Elemen 1 : U1 = =
28 EI 1 3 P L2
8
P L U12
112 EI
1 1
q L2 - q L2 3 P L2
L 3 6 U2 1
Us = 112 EI
28 EI 1 4 Elemen 2 : U2 = =
q L2 q L2
6 6 5 P L2
U22
112 EI
3 P L2
Rotasi di joint B
112 EI
Us =
5 P L2
Rotasi di joint C
112 EI
0 1 1
PL P L
8 8
0
Gaya akhir elemen :
Elemen 1 : { P1 } = [ K1 ] + { PR1 }
4 EI 2 EI 0 0
L L
P1 = +
2 EI 4 EI 3 P L2
0
L L 112 EI
3
P L
56 Hasil perhitungan
P1 = hanya momen saja
6
P L
56
4 EI 2 EI 3 P L2 1
PL
L L 112 EI 8
P2 = 2
+
2 EI 4 EI 5 PL 1
PL
L L 112 EI 8
6 3
q L2 q L2
56 28 Hasil perhitungan
P2 = = hanya momen saja
0 0
Bidang D :
17
P + P
28
3 9 Dihitung lagi 11
PL P - P
56 56 28
17 -
P
28
9
P
Bidang M : 6 56
PL
56
-
Bidang N :
- + 9
- 56
P
11
PL
56
-
+ 3
PL
56 17
P
28
EI L
1 DOF = 3
A 1 A
L/2 L/2
2
B C
1
2
2 2 3
1 DOF = 3
Matriks Tujuan { T1 } = { 0 0 1 2 }T
12 EI 6 EI
-
L3 L2
[ K1 ] =
6 EI 4 EI
2x2 -
L2 L
Matriks Tujuan { T2 } = { 2 3 }T
4 EI 2 EI
[ K2 ] = L L
2 EI 4 EI
2x2
L L
0
1
Ps = PL
8
1
PL
8
28 L3 24 L2 12 L2
-
EI EI EI
24 L2 48 L 24 L
[ Ks ]-1 = -
EI EI EI
12 L2 24 L 60L
-
EI EI EI
Jadi : { Us } = [ Ks ]-1 { Ps }
28 L3 24 L2 12 L2
- 0
EI EI EI
24 L2 1
48 L
-
24 L PL
Us = EI EI EI 8
1
12 L2 24 L 60L PL
- 8
EI EI EI
3 P L3
Dilatasi di joint B
128 EI
Us = 10 P L2
Rotasi di joint B
128 EI
7 P L2
Rotasi di joint C
128 EI Copyright: Dr Endah Wahyuni 67
Deformasi untuk masing-masing elemen
U11 0
U12 0
Elemen 1 : U1 =
3 P L3
U1 3
128 EI
6 P L2
U14
128 EI
6 P L2
U21
128 EI
Elemen 2 : U2 = =
2 7 P L2
U2
128 EI
12 EI 6 EI 12 EI 6 EI 0 0
-
L3 L2 L3 L2
6 EI 4 EI 6 EI 2 EI 0 0
P1 = -
L2 L L2 L
+
3
12 EI 6 EI 12 EI 6 EI 3 PL 0
- -
L3 L2 L3 L2 128 EI
6 EI 2 EI 6 EI 4 EI 6 P L2
- 2 0
L2 L L L 128 EI
0
3
PL
64
P1 =
0
3
PL
64
Copyright: Dr Endah Wahyuni 69
Elemen 2 : { P2 } = [ K2 ] + { PR2 }
4 EI 2 EI 6 P L2 1
PL
L L 128 EI 8
P2 = +
2 EI 4 EI 7 PL 2 1
PL
L L 128 EI 8
6 3
PL q L2
128 64 Hasil perhitungan
P2 = = hanya momen saja
0 0
3
PL
64
35 Dihitung lagi 29
P P
64 64
Bidang M : 3
PL
64
-
3 +
PL
64 29
PL
128
35
P
64 -
3
PL
64
Bidang N :
35
P
64
Copyright: Dr Endah Wahyuni 72
Deformasi aksial diabaikan
2’
U2, P2 1’
u2, p2
u1, p1
1
U1, P1
u3, p3
U3, P3
u1 C S 0 U1
C = cos
u2 = -S C 0 U2
S = sin
u3 0 0 1 U3
C S 0
C = cos
=
-S C 0
S = sin
0 0 1
u1 U1
u2 0 U2
u3 U3
= U4 [u] = [R] [U]
u4
u5 U5
u6
0 U6 R = matriks rotasi
P1 p1
P2 0 p2
P3 p3
= p4 [ P ] = [ R ]T [ p ]
P4
P5 p5
P6
0 p6 R = matriks rotasi
p = k u ; u = R U
P = RT p P = K U
= RT k u K = RT k R
= RT k R U
EA EA
0 0 - 0 0
L L
12 EI 6 EI 12 EI 6 EI
0 0 -
L3 L2 L3 L2
k = 6 EI 4 EI 6 EI 2 EI
0 0 -
L2 L L2 L
6x6 EA EA
0 0 - 0 0
L L
12 EI 6 EI 12 EI 6 EI
0 - 0 -
L3 L2 L3 L2
6 EI 2 EI 6 EI 4 EI
0 0 -
L2 L L2 L
0 12 6L 0 -12 6L
k = - 0 0 0 0
Dimana :
EI A L2
= =
L3 I
[ K ] = [ R ]T [ k ] [ R ]
C -S 0 0 0 - 0 0
0 12 C6L S0 -12 6L
S C 0
0 0
0 0 1 0 6L
-S 2 C
4L 0
0
-6L 2L2 0
K = 0 0 1
C -S 0 - 0 0 0 C0 S 0
0 -S C 0
0 S C 0 0 -12 -6L 0 12
0
-6L
0 1
g3 g5 -g2 -g3 g5
g6 -g4 -g5 g7
K =
g1 g2 -g4
g3 -g5
g6
Dimana :
g1 = ( C2 + 12 S2 ) g5 = 6 L C
g2 = C S ( - 12 ) g6 = 4 L2
g3 = ( S2 + 12 C2 ) g7 = 2 L2
g4 = - 6 L S
Copyright: Dr Endah Wahyuni 86
Sebuah portal seperti gambar, dengan menggunakan transformasi sumbu
hitunglah gaya-gaya dalam yang bekerja
1 E = 30.000 ksi
A = 5 in2
I = 50 in4
L = 10 ft
L= 10 ft 1
q = 1,68 k/ft
M = 14 kft = 168 kin
2
2 3
L = 10 ft
0
1 1
0 2
DOF [ Ks ] 3 x 3
1 1
0 2 5
0
2 1 3 2 5 2 1 3
0 4
2 2
2 3 6 4 3 6
Copyright: Dr Endah Wahyuni 87
Matriks transformasi batang :
Batang 1 : = 270o cos 270o = 0
sin 270o = -1
= 270o C S 0 0 -1 0
1 x
= -S C 0 = 1 0 0
1 0 0 1 0 0 1
2
x’
Batang 2 : = 0o cos 0o = 1
sin 0o = 0
C S 0 1 0 0
= 0o
x
2 3 x’ = -S C 0 = 0 1 0
0 0 1 0 0 1
1 0 0 0 0 0
C S 0
0 1 0 0 0 0
-S C 0 0
0 0 1 0 0 0
0 0 1
R2 = =
0 0 0 1 0 0
C S 0
0 0 0 0 1 0
0 -S C 0
0 0 0 0 0 1
0 0 1
g3 g5 -g2 -g3 g5 0
g6 -g4 -g5 g7 0
K1 =
g1 g2 -g4 1
g3 -g5 0
-g4 g6 2
K1 = -g4 g6 0 2
0 0 0 3
10,44 -626,4 0
K1 = -626,4 50.112 0
0 0 0
{T}= {1 0 2 0 0 3 }T
1 0 2 0 0 3
g1 g2 g4 -g1 -g2 g4 1
g3 g5 -g2 -g3 g5 0
g4 g6 -g4 -g5 g7 2
K2 =
g1 g2 -g4 0
g3 -g5 0
g4 g7 g6 3
1 2 3
g1 g4 g4 1
K2 = g4 g6 g7 2
g4 g7 g6 3
1.252,8 0 0
K2 = 0 50.112 25.056
0 25.056 50.112
1.263,24 -626,4 0
0 25.056 50.112
8,4 8,4
q = 0,14 k/in
0 0
168 kin 168 kin 168 kin
PS = 168
{ Ps } = [ Ks ] { Us } { Us } = [ Ks ]-1 { Ps }
-1
1.263,24 -626,4 0 0
0 25.056 50.112 0
US = 0,00192 Rotasi di 2
-0,00096 Rotasi di 3
Copyright: Dr Endah Wahyuni 94
Displacement masing-masing batang (koordinat lokal)
u11 0 -1 0 0 0 0 0 0
u12 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
u13 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0
u1 = = =
u14 0 0 0 0 -1 0 0,00095 0
u15 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0,00095
u22 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0
u25 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0
0 0
1,193 k 1,193 k
-1,193 k -1,193 k
Elemen 2 :
{ P2 } = [ k2 ] { u2 } + { Faksi }
1,19 k 1,19 k
-7,8 k -7,8 k
-9 k -9 k
1,193 k
+
3,959 9
1
+
7,968 kft
1,193 -
7,99 kft q = 1,68 k/ft 14 kft
1,193 k 7,8
1,19 k 1,19 k
2
7,8 k 9k
3,959
+
1,19 - 1,19
- -
+ +
7,99
14
Copyright: Dr Endah Wahyuni 97
RANGKA BATANG
Pada Konstruksi Rangka Batang (KRB), perhitungan matriks
kekakuan elemen [ K ] berdasarkan kasus rangka batang 2
Dimensi. Gaya yang bekerja hanya tarik dan tekan aksial saja,
sedang gaya momen dan lintang tidak terjadi.
600
1
2
4m
L= x j - x i y j - y i
2 2
x j - xi
C = cos =
L
y j - yi
S = sin =
L
Perpendekan aksial cui menghasilkan gaya tekan aksial
AE
F = cu i
L
Dimana : x dan y merupakan komponen dari ;
pi = - pj = Fc
qi = - qj = Fs
C2 pi
CS qi
AE
ui = pj
L -C2
-CS qj
C2 CS -C2 -CS
CS S2 -CS -S2
AE
K =
L -C2 -CS C2 CS
-CS -S2 CS S2
C2 CS -C2 -CS ui pi
CS S2 -CS -S2 vi qi
AE
=
L -C2 -CS C2 CS uj pj
-CS -S2 CS S2 vj qj
AE
k11 = k33 = -k13 = -k31 =
L
1 0 -1 0
0 0 0 0
AE
K =
L -1 0 1 0
0 0 0 0
AE
k22 = k44 = -k24 = -k42 =
L
0 0 0 0
0 1 0 -1
AE
K =
L 0 0 0 0
0 -1 0 1
4 3 5
L
4 5 6 7
v
1 u 2
1 3
2
L L
C2 CS -C2 -CS
CS S2 -CS -S2
AE
K =
L -C2 -CS C2 CS
-CS -S2 CS S2
1 0 -1 0
0 0 0 0
AE
K1 =
L -1 0 1 0
0 0 0 0
Maka : [ K5 ] = [ K7 ]
3.35E-01 1.28E-01 -2.50E-01 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 -8.53E-02 -1.28E-01 0.00E+00 0.00E+00
1.28E-01 1.92E-01 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 -1.28E-01 -1.92E-01 0.00E+00 0.00E+00
-2.50E-01 0.00E+00 6.71E-01 0.00E+00 -2.50E-01 0.00E+00 -8.53E-02 1.28E-01 -8.53E-02 -1.28E-01
0.00E+00 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 3.84E-01 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 1.28E-01 -1.92E-01 -1.28E-01 -1.92E-01
[K]10X10 = 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 -2.50E-01 0.00E+00 3.35E-01 -1.28E-01 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 -8.53E-02 1.28E-01
0.00E+00 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 -1.28E-01 1.92E-01 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 1.28E-01 -1.92E-01
-8.53E-02 -1.28E-01 -8.53E-02 1.28E-01 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 4.21E-01 2.56E-01 0.00E+00 0.00E+00
-1.28E-01 -1.92E-01 1.28E-01 -1.92E-01 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 2.56E-01 3.84E-01 0.00E+00 0.00E+00
0.00E+00 0.00E+00 -8.53E-02 -1.28E-01 -8.53E-02 1.28E-01 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 4.21E-01 0.00E+00
0.00E+00 0.00E+00 -1.28E-01 -1.92E-01 1.28E-01 -1.92E-01 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 3.84E-01
0 -1.43E+04
-5000 2.13E+04
0 -1.46E+04
{R}7X1 = 0 {D}7X1 = -3.15E+04
0 3.64E+04
0 6.23E+02
0 1.07E+04