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Experiment / Assignment / Tutorial No. 1 Grade: Aa / Ab / BB / BC / CC / CD /DD Signature of The Faculty In-Charge With Date
Experiment / Assignment / Tutorial No. 1 Grade: Aa / Ab / BB / BC / CC / CD /DD Signature of The Faculty In-Charge With Date
COs to be achieved:
Theory
Topology: The structure of a network and which is usually described in the form of a
diagram which shows the nodes and links between them. The term network topology
refers to the shape of how the computers and other network components are connected
to each other.
• Node: A node is a device that is connected to the network. For our purposes here, a
node is the same as a computer. Network topology deals with how the nodes of
a network are connected to each other.
• Packet: A packet is a message that is sent over the network from one node to another
node. The packet includes the address of the node that sent the packet, the address of the
node the packet is being sent to, and data.
Department of Electronics Engineering 1 DCN_July_Nov_2018
K. J. Somaiya College of Engineering, Mumbai-77
(Autonomous College Affiliated to University of Mumbai)
Department of Electronics Engineering
LAN topology: Local area networks are often categorized in terms of the
topology which they employ. The following topologies are commonly encountered; star,
ring and bus
Star Topology
In star topology, a central switching element is used to connect all of the needs within
the network. A node wishing to transmit data to another node must initiate a request to
the central switching element which will then provide a dedicated path between them,
once the circuit has been established; the two nodes may communicate as if they were
connected by a dedicated point-to-point path.
Ring Topology
Ring topology is characterized by a closed loop to which each node is attached
by means of a repeating element. Data circulates around the ring on a series of point-to-
point links which exist between the repeaters. A node wishing to transmit must wait for
its turn and then send data onto the ring in the form of a packet which must contain both
the source and destination addresses as well as the data itself.
Bus Topology
A network in which each node is connected to a common line: the backbone, or trunk. A
bus usually has the file server at one end, with the main trunk line extending from
this point.
Fig. Bus Topology
Stepwise-Procedure / Algorithm:
Department of Electronics Engineering 3 DCN_July_Nov_2018
K. J. Somaiya College of Engineering, Mumbai-77
(Autonomous College Affiliated to University of Mumbai)
Department of Electronics Engineering
1. Connect the PCs on LAN trainer kit in bus, star and ring topologies.
2. Create a file on one PC and send it to another PC connected in the network.
3. Observe how packets/ frames are sent and received.
STAR TOPOLOGY:
RING TOPOLOGY:
BUS TOPOLOGY:
1. What are the advantages, disadvantages and applications of Bus, Ring and Star
topology?
● Advantages
Easy to implement and extend
Cheap
● Disadvantages
Difficult to administer/troubleshoot.
If there is a problem with the cable, the entire network goes down.
Low security (all computers on the bus can see all data transmissions).
Ring Network
● Advantages
Data is quickly transferred without a ‘bottle neck’. (very fast, all data traffic is in the same
direction)
The transmission of data is relatively simple as packets travel in one direction only.
● Disadvantages
Department of Electronics Engineering 8 DCN_July_Nov_2018
K. J. Somaiya College of Engineering, Mumbai-77
(Autonomous College Affiliated to University of Mumbai)
Department of Electronics Engineering
Data packets must pass through every computer between the sender and recipient therefore
this makes it slower.
If any of the nodes fail then the ring is broken and data cannot be transmitted successfully.
Because all stations are wired together, to add a station you must shut down the network
temporarily.
● Application
In a ring network, every device has exactly two neighbors for communication
purposes. All messages travel through a ring in the same direction (either "clockwise" or
"counterclockwise"). A failure in any cable or device breaks the loop and can take down the
entire network.
To implement a ring network, one typically uses FDDI, SONET, or Token Ring technology.
Ring topologies are found in some office buildings or school campuses.
Star Network
● Advantages
Good performance
Easy to set up and to expand. Any non-centralised failure will have very little effect on the
network, whereas on a ring network it would all fail with one fault
● Disadvantages
Expensive to install
● Application
Many home networks use the star topology. A star network features a central
connection point called a "hub" that may be a hub, switch or router. Devices
typically connect to the hub with Unshielded Twisted Pair (UTP) Ethernet.
4. whether mixed network topology is required or not based on type and usage of network
5. selection of network topology also impacts CAPEX because of the price of network
Conclusion: Ring, star and bus topologies were studied and implemented on Packet Tracer