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Rotary Knife
Rotary Knife
Rotary Knife
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Table of Contents
1. Overview ................................................................................................3
2. Application Example ..............................................................................3
3. Product Solutions...................................................................................4
4. Mechanical Information.......................................................................5
4.1 Mechanical settings for slave (SERVO) axis:.................................................... 5
4.2 Mechanical settings for master (ENCODER) axis:............................................ 5
5. Hardware/Software Configuration..........................................................6
5.1 System Structure .............................................................................................. 6
5.2 Servo Data ........................................................................................................ 7
5.3 Mechanical Editor ............................................................................................. 7
5.3.1 Overview.................................................................................................... 7
5.3.2 Drive module (external encoder)................................................................ 8
5.3.3 Spindle Gear.............................................................................................. 8
5.3.4 Transmission Module (Clutch) ................................................................... 8
5.3.5 Output Module (CAM) ................................................................................ 9
5.3.6 Virtual Auxiliary Servomotor..................................................................... 10
5.4 CAM data ........................................................................................................ 10
6. Variables Used.....................................................................................11
7. SFC Program Details ...........................................................................12
7.1 Overview ......................................................................................................... 12
7.2 Registration Parameters ................................................................................. 12
7.2.1 Registration codes ................................................................................... 12
7.2.2 Mark detection function settings .............................................................. 12
7.3 Gear Ratio....................................................................................................... 13
7.4 Belt Speed ...................................................................................................... 13
7.5 Zero Return..................................................................................................... 14
7.6 Control SFC .................................................................................................... 15
7.7 Rotary (No registration)................................................................................... 16
7.7.1 Establishing variable settings................................................................... 16
7.7.2 Calculating and performing compensation without registration................ 17
7.7.3 Monitoring for the next compensation ...................................................... 19
7.8 Rotary (Registration)....................................................................................... 20
7.8.1 Establishing variable settings................................................................... 20
7.8.2 Calculating and performing compensation with registration..................... 22
7.9 Error Check..................................................................................................... 25
7.10 Stop Compensation ........................................................................................ 25
8. GOT Screen Information......................................................................26
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Application Tech Note for
Rotary Knife
1. Overview
Rotary knife applications involve an axis of servo motion to continually or intermittently
perform a cut, labeling procedure, or stamping process where the servo axis aligns itself
to move at the same speed as a feed axis that drives a material to be
cut/stamped/labeled. The servo axis (or slave axis) moves according to the feedback
pulses from an encoder connected to the feed motor axis (master axis) so that it can
coordinate its movement with speed changes. In this type of application, the cut length,
label or stamp location may change and it is possible that the feed material may slip,
stretch, or bind up, causing the operation’s accuracy to change. The addition of a mark
sensor before the servo axis can help to compensate for these fluctuations.
2. Application Example
In Figure 1 below, a rotary knife example for a cutting application is shown. The servo
axis (slave axis) is positioned to perform a cut at the same speed as the conveyor
(master) through the use of an electronic gear ratio. A feed cam profile is defined so
that the rotary knife axis cuts the material during the angle defined as θ0, also known as
the cut area. A sensor is positioned before the cutter to detect registration marks and
provide compensation readjustment when necessary. Some of the variables that can
be defined by the user for a rotary knife application are shown in the drawing.
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3. Product Solutions
The MR-MQ100 provides a simple solution for a single axis rotary knife application.
With high speed registration capability, camming, and electronic pulse compensation
functionality during non-cut regions, the MR-MQ100 can accurately respond to input
pulses from an external encoder. Along with the MR-MQ100 1.5 axis motion controller,
all of Mitsubishi Electric’s Q motion controllers can be configured to control rotary knife
applications.
MR-J3-B Induction
motor
MR-MQ100
FX3U
FX3U- FX3U-
485ADP 232ADP
External
encoder
GT15 HF-JP
E700
In a typical rotary knife application, the servo motor continually moves. If the distance
between cuts is small (smaller than the circumference of the cutter), the motor speed
during the non-cut compensation region (360º - θ0) is faster than the conveyor speed.
This is shown below with a 45º cut angle. A servo gearbox combined with a short
product length and fast line speed requires faster movement from the servo. In this
situation, it’s common to configure the cutter axis with 2 to 4 knives instead of 1.
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If the product length is large, the compensation speed decreases. For product lengths
that are longer than the circumference of the cutter, the cutter speed is slower than the
conveyor as shown in Figure 4 below.
4. Mechanical Information
For setting the mechanical information in the rotary knife motion application, it’s
necessary to configure settings for the servo motor’s pulse resolution and travel amount
per rotation. Other variables such as the speeds and distances are configured
separately in the SFC program. The settings below are used as an example.
Note: The diameter, Dm, must be defined precisely to match the speed of the conveyor
and also includes the length of the cutter. Setting this value requires some trial and
error for the machine to work correctly.
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5. Hardware/Software Configuration
Hardware:
1* MR-MQ100
1* MR-J3-( )B with MR-J3 motor
1* External incremental encoder (Open collector/Differential line driver)
1* External sensor 24V for mark detection
Software:
MT Developer2 for MR-MQ100 version 1.04E or higher
MR Configurator SETUP221E version C1 or higher
An external encoder is
set for the servo to
follow the line speed.
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5.2 Servo Data
Fixed parameters along with information for defining the home position return data must
be established within the ‘Servo data’ section of MT Developer2 as shown in Figure 6.
Transmission Module:
A direct ON/OFF mode
clutch is used. When
engaging at high speeds, a
smoothing clutch is
An auxiliary virtual recommended.
servomotor is used for the
compensation travel in
non-cut regions. Output Module:
CAM output module is
directly linked to the servo.
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5.3.2 Drive module (external encoder)
The drive module settings are very straight forward as shown in Figure 8.
The encoder (drive module) in the mechanical editor transfers pulses through the
spindle gear to the servo motor (output module).
The electronic gear ratio is defined as a ratio of the servo’s pulse count per inch divided
by the external encoder’s pulse count per inch.
The values for the motion registers #6000 and #6002 must be 16-bit unsigned values,
which means that each value cannot exceed 65535.
From Sections 4.1 and 4.2, the gear ratio is calculated as follows:
Pm Pe
#6000 L #6002 L
Dm De
For more information on the gear ratio setting, refer to Chapter 7 - SFC Program Details.
5.3.4 Transmission Module (Clutch)
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The transmission module is defined as a direct ON/OFF mode clutch. When the clutch
is enabled and the auxiliary virtual servomotor isn’t running, the servo follows the
external encoder 1-to-1 for a direct follow. The clutch is turned ON with bit M100 and
the clutch status bit is set to M2160 as shown below.
The ‘Number of
Pulses/Rev.(PLS)’ is set to
[262144*(Motor gear box
ratio)] pulses/rev.
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5.3.6 Virtual Auxiliary Servomotor
The virtual auxiliary servo motor is a key component in the system setup for performing
compensation moves in non-cut regions. For more information on how the speed and
target distance are defined for this component, refer to Section 7.4, Section 7.7, and
Section 7.8.
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6. Variables Used
All of the variables used in the program are listed in the table below. For information on
how the variables interact with each other, please refer to the SFC program code and
the Excel file [rotary_knife_variables.xls].
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7. SFC Program Details
7.1 Overview
The rotary knife application uses 8 different SFC programs with separate ‘Automatic
Start’ settings as shown below.
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7.3 Gear Ratio
This program is executed once and is called by the Control SFC program. The gear
ratio depends on the mechanical setup of the hardware and does not change very often.
In some situations, the user may choose to manually configure these settings with a
GOT. The block “G0” below checks to make sure the gear ratio value does not exceed
65535 as indicated in Section 5.2.3 above.
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7.5 Zero Return
Performing a zero return (home position return) operation on a
machine depends on the actual setup of the machine regarding
the position of the home switches and the actual physical
starting point desired. For this application, the starting position
is set to the beginning of the compensation area, which is
positioned just after the cut region. The code in this SFC should
be modified by the user depending on their machine setup.
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7.6 Control SFC
This program plays a key role in how the other SFC programs are called and runs
continuously. There are three branches in the program shown below as “G4”, “G5”, and
“G6.” The first branch, “G4” calls the [Zero Return] program when M110 turns ON. The
second branch, “G5” calls the [Rotary (Reg)] SFC program when M111 is active, and
the third branch, “G6”, calls the [Rotary (No Reg)] program when M112 is active.
The code listed above the “P5” jump loop establishes the registration parameters, sets
the gear ratio, enables the servo (sets ‘Servo ON’), and defines variables such as the
cut length, cut angle and number of knives.
As shown in block “F6” above, variables are assigned with default values. A GOT can
be used to change the number of knives, set the manual adjustment value, or to change
the product length.
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7.7 Rotary (No registration)
7.7.1 Establishing variable settings
Figure 18 illustrates the SFC layout for performing cuts without registration. “F70” is
used to turn on the clutch and to define the compensation comparison limit values.
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7.7.2 Calculating and performing compensation without registration
The program code in Figure 19 for “F80” is crucial to understanding how the rotary knife
application operates. “F80” provides values for controlling the auxiliary virtual
servomotor with “K100.”
Figure 19: Calculating the distance and speed for the auxiliary virtual servomotor
The code above is used to define the distance and speed settings for “K100.”
With the product length and cut area known, the compensation area is determined. The
compensation time (#5046F) is then calculated as shown:
Compensation _ Area
Compensation _ Time
Belt _ Speed
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The compensation amount (#5040L) depends on the number of knives that are being
used and is calculated as follows:
Cutter _ Circumference
Compensation _ Amount Pr oduct _ Length
Number _ Of _ Knives
Compensation _ Amount
Compensation _ Speed
Compensation _ Time
The following figure shows the compensation move “K100” for the auxiliary virtual
servomotor. The distance is defined with #5040L (Compensation_Amount), and the
speed with #5050L (Compensation_Speed).
A manual adjustment variable and a multiplier value are also included to provide extra
flexibility. The multiplier (1.25) increases the compensation speed, which essentially
widens the cut angle, guaranteeing that the knife reaches a safe speed before the cut
takes place. When setting up the system for the first time, a few adjustments may be
necessary to establish a safe value for the multiplier. SFC#9 (Stop Comp) is used to
stop ‘K100’ from compensating within the cut region and should be used to avoid
moving the servo at non-synchronous speeds during the cut.
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7.7.3 Monitoring for the next compensation
Without registration, in order for the controller to know when to begin compensating
again, the servo’s current value is monitored. With the “Limit Output Data” setting in MT
Developer2, limits can be set to provide windows (distance ranges) to trigger
compensation moves. Figure 21 shows how these limits are set up in the program.
Figure 22 illustrates how the limits are used in “G82” to start compensation.
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7.8 Rotary (Registration)
7.8.1 Establishing variable settings
With the registration SFC, the position of the encoder is captured with #8912L and used
to compare with the previous registration mark to obtain a difference that is then
compared with the product length ‘D2000L.’ If the registered value is smaller or larger
than the cut length, the difference is calculated so that it can be added or subtracted to
the next compensation move. This difference is called the ‘Error’ and is described in
more detail in Figure 24.
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Figure 23: ‘Rotary knife with registration’ program details
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7.8.2 Calculating and performing compensation with registration
Figure 24: Calculating the distance and speed for the auxiliary virtual servomotor
#5002L*π #5002L*π / 2
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#5040L: Compensation value (pls)
The compensation value, #5040L, is similar to the distance described for #5040L in
Section 7.7.2 “F80”, except for the error amount (#5036F) that is included.
#5040L and #5050L are then used to perform the virtual auxiliary servomotor
compensation move as shown in Figure 25.
Figure 26 explains all of the settings above in a visual format to understand how these
variables are set up relative to speed plotted over time.
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Figure 26: Compensation mechanism
D2002L [degree]
#5002L*π
Compensation Cut
Area Area
Mark Sensor
Compensation speed
= (Compensation value
/Compensation time) *1.25 Compensation
Value
Knife speed
= Difference
+ Error
ENC speed
+ Manual adjustment
0
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7.9 Error Check
The error check SFC runs continuously and checks for servo errors. If there is an error,
all servo operations are stopped and all SFC blocks are cleared. Figure 27 displays the
layout for this program where ‘CLR’ blocks are used to stop all of the SFC programs.
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8. GOT Screen Information
GOTs provide an interface for the customer to define variables, perform home operation,
and to start the machine operation, eliminating extra effort for the programmer and the
operator. With an HMI on the machine, it is no longer necessary to manually turn bits
on/off with a personal computer connected. Additionally, monitoring becomes easier
with the built-in diagnostic screens for the motion controllers and servo amplifiers.
The following screens are examples of the data that can be changed with a GOT for
rotary knife applications. The application program data included for this program does
not require a GOT for operation. Screen project data is not included.
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