learn Punjabl

PRINCIPAL SANTOKH SINGH

 LEARN PUNJABI
IN 25 DAYS

By

Principal Santokh Singh M.A, M.Ed (Gold Medanist)

District Education Officer (Rtd.)

l{Q{lf.rcf
iI
~i13ajl1ur.~j)Iur
~I I
I
'- )
i
 ©Publisher

ISBN 81-7601-397-8

Fifth Edition. August 2004

Sixth Edition: February 2005

Price: 501-

Publisher
B. Chattar Singh Jiwan Singh
Bazar Mai Sewan, Amritsar. (India)
Phone: (0183)2542345, 2547974,2557973
Fax: (0183)2557973

Visit our Website: WWW.CSjS.com

II Pr.nte d'In Ir 'Ia

.
-------------------4
Printer: Jiwan Printers, #312, East Mohan Nagar, Amrltsar. Ph: 2705003, 5095774
 CONTENTS
PRELIMINARIES_ 5
Punjabi Alphabet (How to Read) 7
Punjabi Alphabet (How to Write) 8
Punjabi Alphabet (How to Pronounce) 10
Jumbled Letters 11
Vowels 12
Declension 13
Consonants for Borrowed Sounds 16
Reading Exercise I:
(a) Simple Words 17
(b) Words of Two Letters 18
(c) Words of Three Letters 19
(d) Words of Four Letters 20
Conjuncts 21
Double Consonants 22
Nasal Signs 23
Reading Exercise II 25

VOCABULARY 27
Parts of the Body 28 Birds 37
Days 29 Insects 38
Months 30 Colours 39
Time 31 Numbers 40
Directions 32 Ordinals 43
Edibles 33 Relationshi ps 44
Fruits 34 People 46
Vegetables 35 Places 48
Animals 36 Nature jO
House 52 Agriculture 60
Domestic Articles 53 Industry 61
Metals 55 Education 62
Attires 56 Print Media 64
Feelings 57 Diseases 65
Occupations 58 Some Useful Words 67

GRAMMAR 69
Gender 70 Adjectives 86
Number 72 Verbs 87
Case 74 Adverbs 88
(a) Nouns with Case-ending 76 Preposition 89
(b) Transformation of words ending Conjunction 90
with "aa" in the Nominative 78 Exclamatory 91
Case-Its Application 80 Interogatives 92
Pronouns 82

SENTENCE MAKING 93
To Be 94 Interrogative Sentences 102
To Have 95 Partici pies 103
Presenl Tense 96 Some More Sentences 104
Past TeT'se 98 Intransitive/
Future Tense 99 Transitive Verbs 106
Imperative Sentences 100 Voice 108
Exclamatory/ Idiomatic Sentences 110
Optative Sentences 101 Proverbs III

COMPOSITION 113
-
Lekh Rachanaa 114 Story Writing 136
Dialogue Writing Jl8 Ardaas 144
Letters and Applications 126

****
PRELIMINARIES \
~~r4 j
!:J"'~IQf' M~~
 (7)

Lesson 1 UTO 1

PUNJABl ALPHABET ~ r ({}3t)

How to read
~ l)f E H <J
ooraa airaa eerec sassaa haahaa
0 A I S H
a- ~ or l.U" ~

kakkaa khakkhaa gaggaa ghagg"" ganggaan

K KH G Gll ANG

ti G t:r S' ~

chachchaa chhachhchhaa jaijaa jhaijaa vannyaan

CH CHH J JH ANJ

C '0 ;I ~ ~

tainkaa thatthaa ~a~~aa ~ha~~aa Qaal)aa

T TH P pH N
3' -a ~ tl '0
tattaa thatthaa daddaa dhadda lIannaa
T TH D DH N

l.I G a- 9' H
pappaa phapphaa babbaa bhabbaa mammaa
P PH B BH ~

ljf 0- g ~ :f
yayyaa raaraa lallaa vavvaa raar aa
y R L V R

Note: The first letters, fi, >H', tT, are carriers of vowel signs,
 ~
(!I
1"3

4~
d

H
~ ~
"
~
~
2•
3 ;;::::::::::J

~
~

Note 1. All Punjabi letters having top line are to be started from
that (i.e. toP) line.
2. Dome of f} is not the top line. It is an additional line.
(10)

lesson 3 1JTO 3
PUNJABI ALPHABET
How to Pronounce
I. Punjabi is a phonetic language having one symbol for each sound.
2. Each group from two to six are pronounced by touching the
tongue at a definite place of palate or so, with second group
beginning from soft palate to the sixth at the lips.
3. Second and fourth Ictters of these group!. have aspirated sounds.
They should be pronounced as such i.c. by mingling 'h' sound
with the respective first or third letters.
4. First three letters i.e.€t, l)f, l: are carriers of vowel signs. They
never occur without them (signs).
5. 151 ANG is pronounccd as 'N' in long, pong. song, wrong.
6. V ANJ is pronounced as 'N' in bunch, crunch, hunch.
7. ~ N is pronounced as other letters of the group by tongue
touching the hard palate.
8. 0 N is pronounced as other letters of the group by tongue
touching the hind offront upper teeth.
9. c-~ T-P (with dot below) are hard e.g.
eTas 'f in ten, town, towel.
~ ~ as '~' in dare, den, diet.
I O. 3'-~ T-D (without dot) are soft e.g.
3' T sorry there is no such (equivalent) sound in English.
~ D as 'the' in brother, bother, that.
11.;r ~ is pronounced almost as R with extra accent. Again there is
no equivalent sound in English.
12. LaSllcttcrs of groups ("'0 to six are nasal con"iOllants ofwhich 151
(ANG) and V (ANJ) arc no longer in vogue.
 (11 )

Lesson 4 l..f1O 4
JUMBLED LETTERS
~8j~· ~ Bhulaven akhhar

~ ~ ~ 6"
~ d or ~

H H "S"
tr l:f U l:f
}Jf "0 0 e
E C ~ 11
~ liT B
1? ~

3" ~
(12)

Lesson 5 1.I'O 5
VOWELS
R?O SwaT
Punjabi Roman P1'onunciation Example
l)f A (short) a cut, hut, nut, ruck
l){T A (long) aa fall, tall, father
fu I (short) kill, miss, ship
~ j (long) ee seen, keen, seat

ft U (short) u full, put, foot

~ () (long) 00 tool, cool, fool

~ E (long) e mail, tale, say
~ AI (dipthong) ai pang, rack, tag
§" o (long) 0 go, so, tone
l)f AU (dipthong) au gone,saught, rock

Note: 1.There are only three vowel- carrier letters in Punjabi.

By using vowel signs with these three letters ten
vowels are obtained as shown above.
2.Particular vowel signs are denoted to particular vowel·
carrier letters. These are to be strictly adhered to.
Any deviation is incorrect and improper.
:~.AlI the ten vowel- si~ns an~ used with all the other
consonants from H (s) to :r (r).
 (13)

Lesson 6 lJTO 6

DECLENSION

>.:IV 'd(,)~ Muhaarnee

»f l)fT ~ ~ €I ~ ~ ~ §' ))f
a aa ee u 00 e ai 0 au
H 'fIT fR Fft E" '8' Ft A- it i!t
sa saa si see su 500 se sal SO sau
(J (JT fJ <jt ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~
ha haa hi hee hu hoo he hai ho hau
or W fer ott ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ c}
ka kaa ki kee ku koo ke kai ko kau
l:f l:fT fu lit ~ ~ l) a 11 II
kha khaa khi khee khu khoo khe khai kho khau
or ijJT far aft QT W at ~ err at
ga gaa gi gee gu goo ge gai go gau
Ul UfT fW uJt l!f l!f U} Ur tit lIt
gha ghaa ghi ghee ghu ghoo ghe ghai gho ghau
~ ~ ft) Sl w W ~ ~ ~ ~
anga angaa angi angee angu angoo ange angai ango angau
~ ;:rr fir tft ~ ~ B" ~ ~ ~
cha chaa chi chee chu choo che chai cho chau
5' 5T ~ 6ft ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ if
chha chhaa chhi chhee chhu chhoo chhe (Ohhai chho chhau
;:r ;:rt f;:r tft tr ~. ~ ~ ;"l ~
ja jaa ji jee ju joo je jai jo jau
(14)

5" 5"T fti 5't ~ ~ s ~ g ~

jha jhaa jhi jhee jhu jhoo jhe jhai jho jhau
1l flT ~ vt ~ ! ~ ~ V ~
anja anjaa anji anjee anju anjoo anje anjai anjo anjau
C CT fc it ? ? ~ 2 2 ~
ta taa ti tee ~u too te tai to tau
'0 or fo o't Q @ % ! -g ~
tha thaa thi thee thu (hoo the thai tho thau
~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ 3 ~ ~
(la (laa <Ii <lee <lu <100 <Ie (lai <10 (lau
~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ -e- ~ ~ ~
(lha (lhaa (lhi (lhee (lhu (lhoo (lhe <lhai (lho <lhau
~ er fe c!'t ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~
Qa I.laa r:,ti r:,tee QU r:,too r:,te r:,tal r:,to r:,tau
3' 3T 13 ;tt ~ g 3 ~ 3 ~
ta taa ti tee tu too te tai . to tau
l:f 'efT fa l:ft ~ ~ it ~ ~ ~
tha thaa thi thee thu thoo the thai tho thau
~ ~ fe" ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~
da daa di dee du doo de dai do dau
tr tfT fu 'dt IT -g iT ~ it tt
dha dhaa dhi dhee dhu dhoo dhe dhai dho dhau
(5 or fQ o't 0- 2 % ~ ci) ~
na naa ni nee nu DOO De Dal no nau
U' tfT fu tft y ~
i} fr i} if
pa paa pi pee pu poo pc pal po pau
6 6T fu it ~ W ~ ~ ~ ~
pha phaa ehi phee phu _ phoo phe phai pho phau
 (15)

~ liT fir lft ~ ~ a ~ 11 l}

ba baa bi bee bu boo be hai bo bau

9 gr f9 it ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ j
bha bhaa bhi bhee bhu bhoo bhe bhai bho bhau
}f }fT fH Ht lj }j H H H H
rna maa mi mee mu moo me mai IUQ mau
tr lifT fur tift ~ ~ ~ ~ tt: if
ya yaa yi yee yu yoo ye yai yo yau
(J or fa ~ "9 ~ a- ~ a ~
ra raa ri ree rn roo re rai TO rau
B W fB" ~ ~ ~
g ~ g ~
1a laa li lee lu 100 Ie lai 10 lau
E ET k ?t ~ ~ ? ~ ~ ~
va vaa vi vee vu voo ve vai vo vau
;J ;rr f;r ;ft ~ ~ S- ~ it ~
ra raa ri ree ru roo re rai ro rau

" ****
(16)

lesson 7 lJTO 7
CONSONANTS FOR BORROWED SOUNDS

Vcrot ~ ffi!t ~
Hornaa Dhunee-aan Lai Vi-anjjan
Punjabi Roman Pronunciation Example

F.r SH shashshaa shoe, she, shine

l:f KH ~ha~~aa ~halsa, ~halifa,

1,<han, ~hidinat
.ar G ~~~aa ~aazi, ~azal, ~ulaam
;;J Z zazzaa zinc, zodiac, zoo
6 F faffaa father, far, fore

Note: Mostly only SH and l aTe distinctively used in Punjabi writing.

****
 (17)

Lesson 8 1JTO 8
READING EXERCISE I
~ t!T ~-l Parhar.t daa Abhi-aas-l
(a) Simple Words

kakkaa + lallaa kaI Tomorrow

-,:T+B
jajaa+ Iallaa jal Water
UHo
ghaggaa + raaraa ghar Home
tf+B
chachchaa + lallaa chal Go
-,:T+U
.jajjaa + pappaa jap Recite
H+o
mammaa + nannaa man Mind
Of+~
kakkaa +daddaa kad When
u+l:i
haahaa + thatthaa hath Hand
R+9'
sassaa + bhabbaa sabh All
u+o
haahaa + raaraa har Every
Note: When there is a slight sound gap between two leuers, vowel a is
added to the IITeceeding leuer.
 (18)

/
/
(b) Words of Two Letters

W '0

gh r ghar Home
~ H"
daa daal Pulse
fu 3T
pi taa pitaa Father
Ht it
see tee seetee Whistle
y H"
pu pul Bridge

~ ~

khoo h khooh Well

it '0
she r sher Lion
a tit
kai dec kaidee Prisoner
B '0
cho r chor Thief
~ 11

fau j fauj Anny

 (19)

(c) Words of Three Letters

H ;r ~

s r k sarak Road
~ ~ 3"
d vaa dvaat Inkpot
fa 3' ~

ki taa b kitaab Book

or eft ~

g ree b greeb Poor

(l W (J

u dhaa r udhaar Loan

tf (J 3"
moo r moorat Picture
(J ~ or
h ne raa haneraa Darkness
~. or oft
wi raa gee vairaagee Ascetic
a 0 ;ft
ko th ree kotharee Room
fu ~ Cl
khi c;lau Qaa khic;lauQaa Toy
(20)

(d) Words of Four Letters

If a 3 7)

b r n bartan Pot
l)f ~ ST a
a i.'h baa r ~hbaar Newspaper
l)f fg l)fT II
a bhi aa s abhi-aas Exercise
flf ~ ott l)fT

ldti r kee aan khirkee-aan Windows

W g ~ ;fi

phu \laa fee phulvaaree Orchard

q
~ 3 a
k boo t r kabootar Pigeon
H 13" ST 7)

me z baa n mezbaan Most

~ 3 ~ a
ai vaa r aitvaar Sunday
H i) "J a
m no h r monohar Pleasant
if G or q

khau f Ilaa k khaufnaak Dreadful

****
 (21)

Lesson 9 l..fTO 9

CONJUNCTS
H'l!I0l3 f?>,fi::ro Sanyukat Vi-anjan
Combination of two consonants is called conjunct-
consonants. In the combination the first consonant is written
fully but pronounced half, while the latter is written as a symbol
below the first consonant but pronounced fully. In Punjabi
only three letters ~, 0, ~ are use as conjuct symbols:

Consonant Symbol Use Example

(J ;f+(J=;r ~ To read
r+h=rh parhl)a
B"+(J=~ facr Fort
l+h=lh kilha
U+O=t{ itH Love
p+r=pr prem
OT+o=CIl. ~ A name
g+r=gr grovar
~+o=~ ~ Sight
d+r=dr drish
H+~=l3' ~ Self-respect
s+v=sv svaiman
~+~=~ $" Duality
d+v=dv dvait
Note: Actually there is no tradition ofconjuncts in Punjabi. That is only in case
of a few borrowed wrrrds. TM f!nji;tice is, howevn, on 1M decrease.

****
(22)

Lesson 10 l.fTO 10

DOUBLE CONSONANTS
~ ~ Dult Akkhar
~(adhak)

Adhak w is used to produce the sound of double consonant

Word Enlargement Meaning
~ sukkaa EHCl+W su+k+ka DRY
Efu' sukkh B+lf+lf su+k+kh WELL-BEING
W bachchaa a-Hr+~ ba+ch+chaa CHILD
~ dillee fu"+B"+gf di+l+lee DELHI
~ vaHaa ?+c+CT va+t+taa STONE
~ alje »f+tH~ a+j+je TODAY

Now see the difference in rmaning between single and double consonants:

Double consonants Meaning Single consonants Meaning

~ sukkaa Dry Bar sukaa TO-DRY
Efu' sukkh WELL-BEING Ell! sukh COMFORT
W bachchaa CHILD ~ bachaa SAFETY
~ dillee DELHI fu"B'l dilee HEARTY
~ vattaa STONE ?CT vataa CHANGE
~ alje TODAY ~ aje STILL

****
 (23)

Lesson 11 lJTO 11

NASAL SIGNS
(')TF{Cf 'ft.iq-f<!Vt, ftit't Naasak Chinnh- Tippee, Bindee
These nasal signs arc used for the sounds produced
through nasal cavity. They come with the vowel signs allotted
to each.
(a) Tippee is used with vowel signs (»f) a, (fu") i, (ft) u, (ft)
00 as:-
~ Mango ~ Bald head ~ Trunk fj Louse
amb ~n9 sun9 joon
(b) Bin/dee is used with aa (lJfT), ee (t!t), e (~"), ai (~), 0 (§")
and au (,;f) vowel signs as:-
W MOTHER tffur SWING ~ BALL }f I WWASHING
maan pcengh gend main dhonda
(SIXTY-FOUR)
Chaun~h

Note:- Irrespective o/vowel signs, hindu is always used with consonant ft as:-
(ftJ . BY THE WAY (fur DOZE
unj oongh
(c) Wrong and Right way of writing:
Wrong Right
~ ~
~ ~
H03cf H3cf .
(24)

Note: Nasal sign followed by the consonants of group two to six

represents the nasal consonant of its respective group as ~
for~, tfffir for~, #iI for ~,~ for mR" and ~
for »f}-fil":
(d) Difference in meaning of words without and with
nasal signs:
Without Nasal Sign With Nasal Sign
0Ttl YARD om BALDNESS
gaj ganj
~ THEN :R THREAD
tad tand
'A'3 SEVt:N H3 SAINT
sat sanl
W AFFIX Ei ROPE
laa laan
Ft HUNDRED FI' TO SLEEP
sau saun
ijR LAP ciR CONSPIRACY
god gond

****
 (25)

Lesson 12 l.fTO 12
READING EXERCISE II

~"i:!T ~-II Parhan daa abhi-ass-II

\J ~ h rh harh FLOOD
\j
~ ch rh charh CLIMB
ftJ q chin nh chinnh SIGN
fur l)fT (') gi aa n giaan KNOWLEDGE
fu l)fT (') dhi aa n dhi-aan ATTENTION
it u kro dh krodh ANGER
i . or tr an k trank BOX
ci H k mOl kamm WORK
of t" gan daa ganndaa DIRTY
fo 0" ~ 0" ni r vai r niI-vair WITHOUT ANMITY

~ e:JT tft 00 I;t taa ee ool;ttaa-ee FLAW

E or :JT e k taa ekataa UNITY
,)l wo't ))ff a1 laa nee aan ailaanee-aan OPENLY
>;{ or :f au k r aukar DIFFICULTY
Of :f ~ :f g r b r garbar DISTURBANCE
H t" eft m daa rec madaaree JUGGLER
:JTor3'~a laa k t v r taakatvar STRONG
FfOfHaHa san g m r m r sangmarmar MARBLE
~O":JT t? \' r taa 0 vartaao TREATMENT
l)fT\JB er aa h I I;taa aahlal;taa NEST
R' U s pp sapp SNAKE
(26)

~ c ~ ch n Qaa chaHQaa TOLICK

(J tlu ~ h r pp Qaa harappQaa TO SWALLOW
B ~ 0" sun d r sundar BEAUTIFUL
~ ~ ko jh-aa kojhaa UGLY
€!W U 0" u pp r uppar ABOVE
§- U or 0 p raa opraa STRANGER
>If 0" tr a r z arz REQUEST
»fT 0" W aa r jaa aarajaa AGE
fu J1 :{l s tree istrec WOMAN
t!t)fTo~O" ec maa n daa r ecmandaar HONEST

****
 - - - - - - -- - - ~ ~

VOCABULARY ~
Hae ''i!81 Shabdaavalee ~
-- -~
(28)

Lesson 13 UT013

PARTS OF THE BODY

mfta -e- ~ Sareer De Ang

fRo sir head ~ ~nu~~ belly

HW maththaa forehead fU'o pithth back
>,:fl:f akkh eye Ucr pair foot
~ bharvattaa eyebrow ~ lau leg
W delaa eyeball l)fOOf arak elbow
~ nakk nose ~ go~aa knee
(jn kann ear gjc gun wrist
-ae dhaUl~ neck fa'I'cr gittaa ankle
(J5 gal throat lj<J moonh mouth

~ gallh cheek ftrJa"r cheharaa face

<tcft haddee bone 11c pan thigh

~ lahoo blood ~ flan~ tooth

H~ mo~haa shoulder "iftg jeebh tongue
a+J banh arm ~ bullh lip
<fu hathth hand ~ daarhee beard
~ ungal finger }j5f muchchaan
moustaches

~ angoot haa thumb &it tho~ee chin

~ naunh nail ~ dimaag brain
5'=ft chhaatee chest ~ kamror spine
 (29)

~ dil heart ~ hathelie palm

?1C? vaal hair ~ choolaa hip
ch kachh armpit

****
Lesson 14 l..fT014
DAYS
?TO Vaar

aitvaar SUNDAY
somvaar MONDAY
}1dI8<i1 ld mangalvaar TUESDAY
budhdhvaar WEDNESDAY
veervaar THURSDAY
shukkarvaar FRIDAY
ARtiild<i1Id sanichcharvaar SATURDAY

****
(30)

uro 15
Lesson 15
MONTHS

~ Maheene

~ chet March-April
~ vaisaakh April-May
fu> jeth May-June
<JI;f haar June-July
'it!" saul.J July-August
~ bhaadron August-September

~ assoo September-October
ol'3'
~
katten
kattak } October-November

wmr magghar November-December

~ poh December-January
}fTU( maagh January-February
~ phaggaQ February-March

****
 (31 )

Lesson 16 l!1O 16

TIME
~Kaal

Hfck sakint Second »t,:r ajj Today

fi.k mint Minute erg kal
Yesterday-Tomorrow
u1cr ghan~aa Hour ~ bhalke Tomorrow
fu?5- din Day »t,:r erg ali kal Now-A-Days
CJT3" raat Night ~ W amrit velaa
Small hours of the night
FRo saver Morning ~ sangraand New Month
~ dupaihar Noon HfHl)fT massi-aa New Moon
~ W lau9haa velaa ~ pooran maashee
Afternoon Full moon
shaam Evening W velaa
~ vakat } Time

"fdt CJT3" addhee raat Midnight ~ vartmaan Present

saataa ~ bhoot Past
haftaa } Week

tit d ~ 1;':$ i pandarvaaraa 9MB bhavikkhat Future

Fortnight
H<:ftor maheenaa Month flTB saal Year
?W varaah Year FR't sadee Century
¥ IIUI) Now ~ roz beery day. Daily
~ savakkhte Early ~ kuvele Late
(32)

Lesson 17 1.JTO 17

DIRECTIONS
feF.l'igi Dishaavaan
(l3d uttar North
~ dakkhal.l South

~ poorab East
~ pachchham West
ffi:Jr saijaa Right
l1aT khabbaa Left
~ uppar
~ utte } Up, above

W hethaan }
Below, under
@ thalle
>tlcIT agge Front
fW pichchhe Behind
m chufere All around
yor pura Easterly
~ pachchhon Westerly

****
 (33)

Lesson 18 lJT018
EDIBLES
~ ~ Khaaf} Peef}

WI duddh Milk ~ chaah Tea

ail rotee Loaf, bread lJTc!t paJ;lee Water
~ daal Pulse ~ chaul Rice
~ looJ;l Salt 3B" tel Oil
lfir khann~ Sugar ~ daheen Curd
itJ:ft lassee Whey ~ makkhaJ.l Butter
fUm" ghio Ghee )){o ann Corn
~ daJ;laa Grain ~ kaJ;lak Wheat
tl' jaun Barley H'ott makkee }
Maize
l)fTZT aataa Flour HOltft maka-ee
}fTH maas Meat ~ aan~aa Egg
H'&ft machchhee Fish F.IOa3' sharbat Sweet Drink
F.rfJe" shaihad . Honey. HTf\ffi maakhio Honey
oy rauh Juice iffi ras Juice
l/tcr kheer Rice, Milk and Sugar Boiled Together
Cf3TU karaah Pudding of Flour, Sugar and Ghee

****
(34)

Lesson 19 UT019
FRUITS
6H Phal

~ amb Mango l)fc'§T(J anaar Pomegranate

R3cP sanlraa Orange ~ angoor Grapes
l)jiftcr anjeer Fig mr seb Apple

~ khurmaanee Apricot 0Tl:f naakh Pear

~ amrood Guava ~ aaroo Peach

~ narel Coconut ~anaanaas Pineapple
~ leechee Litchi ~ lugaath Laukat
~ rasbharee Berry ~ kelaa Banana
}W mevaa Dry fruit ~ nimboo Lemon

~ kharbooja Musk-Melon ~ "tarbooz Water-Melon

~ akhroat Nut l:RT}f badaam Almond
~ khajooraan Dates CfTtJ kaajoo Cashew Nut
=
~ aloochaa
} Plum
~!N'QT aaloo bukhaaraa

****
 (35)

Lesson 20 \1'020
VEGETABLES
R8;;/twi StJIJUl-OOfl

~ aaloo Potato
HCG matar Pea
~ moolee Kadish
F.IBCfr}{

~
shalgam
gongloo } Thrnip

~ kaddoo Gourd
~ arbee Bier
itH thom Garlic:
~ adrak Ginger
Str ats't band gobhee Cabbage
~ ats't phull gobhee Cauliflower
CH'CG (maatar Tomato
GfTtJO gaajar Carrot
~ bataa-oon Brinjal
~ ganethaa Onion
~ dhanee--aan Coriander
~ salaad Salad

****
(36)

Lesson 21 UT021
ANIMALS

U1J Pashoo
art gaan Cow fuoo haran Deer
~
}IV
HrJ
maii h
maihn } Buffalo
richchh Bear

W;p ghoraa Horse ~ vachchhaa Calf

ij:JT khotaa Donkey ~ baloongaa Kitten
~ bhe<l Sheep ~ baulad Ox
~ bakkaree Goat dl i ilM3 gaahlar Squirrel
~ m
llar
ooth
botaa
,
} Camel
<JTlft
khachchar
haathee
Mule
Elephant
F.ffu
~
"4
soor
, cattoo
Pig
Ponney F.«J
sheenh
sher } Lion

~ giddar Jackal ~ katoora Pup

~ baghi-aar Wolf ~ loombaTee Fox
~ kuttaa Dog ftJB'l billee Cat

~ choohaa Rat ~ baandar Monkey

****
 (37)

lesson 22 U'022
BIRDS
Uitt Panmhhee

~ kukkar Cock
qt ban Crow
~ kabootar Pigeon
W totaa Parrot
~ ghugghee Dove
fu;ft chiree Sparrow
~ ill Kite
~ ulloo Owl
~ gilajh Vulture
~ chamgiddar
~ chaamcharik } Bat

~ koil Nightingale
U3OI' batak Duck
lIOI'BT baglaa Heron
~ lam~heeng Stork
~ choochaa Chiken
Uc bot Fledgeling
&.ucft tateeliaree
~ tati-auree } Lapwing

<i11 hans Swan

****
(38)

lesson 23 lJT023
INSECTS
etta- Keere
cft;ft keeree Ant
~ beendaa Cricket
~ si-onk White Ant
j;J bhoon<l Wasp
}(so machchhar Mosquito
1M makkhee Fly
~ sapp Snake
~~ kohar kirlee Lizard
~ gan(io.aa Earth Worm
\Jlr~ W;ft rabb dee ghoree Beetle
~ joon Louse
~ pissoo Flea
~ chichchar TIck
gut thoohaan Scorpion
"b;~ bnn khajooraa Centipede
~ jok Leech
HTM11M makhio makkhee Bee
l1 i dlcf mangaJ;loo Bug
~ makkaree Spider
eefJC!:t tataihar;laa Fire Fly

****
 (39)

Lesson 24 lJT024
COLOURS
~

oar Rang
U<JT haraa Green
l1t5T peelaa
1kr khanaa } Yellow

'81B" laal Red

~ gulaabee Pink
ftfcr chinaa White
CfTBT kaalaa Black
o1w neelaa Blue
~ saletee Grey
~ badaamee Brown
~ vaingal,lee Violet
~ kesaree Saffron
~ asmaanee Azure

w:P goorhaa Dark

EJOfuctt sunehree Golden
Jf3ar santraa Orange
UHCfT l1t5T .halka peela· . Pale
~ jaamnoon Purple

****
(40)

lesson 25 1JT025
NUMBERS
ftn~3'1 Gi~tee

~ ikk One
~ do Two
137> tinn Three
~ chaar Four
Ut:r pannj Five
~ chhe Six
ff3' salt Seven
»fo anh Eight
it naun Nine
~ das Ten
1iJTat yaaraan Eleven
urcyt baaraan Twelve
30t teraan Thirteen
W chaudaan Fourteen
lRot pandaraan Fifteen
Jl8t solaan Sixteen
ffilTdi sataaraan Seventeen
))f'O"IOi a,haaraan Eighteen
~ unneen Ninteen
~ veeh Twenty
~ ikkee Twenty One
~ baa-ee Twenty Two
 (41)

~ te-ee 1\venty Three

#t chauvee 1\venty Four
M. panjhee 1\venty Five
&Nt chhabbee 1\venty Six
~ sataa-ee 1\venty Seven
~ atha·ee 1\venty Eight
~ unattee 1\venty Nine
3m teeh Thirty
~ ikattee Thirty One
Q<t3 i gj ul}taalee Thirty Nine
~ chaalee Forty
f\:!ol3 1gj ikataalee Forty One
~ ul}annja Forty Nine
litJrJ panjaah Fifty
f\:!C14"ji ikvannjaa Fifty One
Q<tiiJo ul}aahath Fifty Nine
lfo satth Sixty
f\:!ilC1iJo ikaahath Sixty One
~ u{lattar Sixty Nine
ffirn silttar Seventy
~ ikattar Seventy One
~ unaasee Seventy Nine
,,:():ft assee Eighty
~ ikaasee Eighty One
Q<ti6~' ul}aanaven Eighty Nine
~ nabbe Ninety
6f;¥6~' narinaven Ninety Nine
Ft sau Hundred
(42)

~1l dosau 'lWo Hundred

UiJTO hazaar Thousand
~UiJTO dashazaar Ten Thousand
~ lakkh Lac, Hundred Thousand
eta karor Ten Million
l)fijl:f arab Thousand Million
l:mf kharab Hundred Thousand Million

****
 (43)

lesson 26 1JT026
ORDINALS
~ fffl::p,.rr Karmik Sankhi-aa
ufuw paihla First
~ doojaa Second
~ teejaa Third
~ chauthaa Fourth
~ panjavaan Fifth
fit chhevaan Sixth
~ Satavaan Seventh
~ athavaan Eighth
~ miuvaan Nineth
~ dasavaan Tenth
~ yaarvaan Eleventh
l\:!CllFua i ikaiharaa Single

~ dooharaa Double
3tUCJT teeharaa Treble
~ chauharaa Quadruple
~ dugal,1aa Tho Fold
f3arc!r tigal,1aa ThreeFlod
~ chauga.,aa Four Fold
~ETd' ikk vaar Once
~~ do vaar Thice
~ dubaaraa Again

****
(44)

lesson 27 lJT027
RELATIONSHIPS
fcrF.r3 Rishate
W maan Mother
fu? pio Father
1}:J
~
putt
puttar } Son

tft dhee Daughter

k bhai&:l Sister
gijT Bharaa Brother
~ vauhtee
~ gharvaalee } Wife

l:fffi{ khasam
~ gharvaalaa } Husband

w;p laaraa
o't'arcr neengar } bridegroom

w:ft laaree bride

"~ mangetar Fiance, Fiancee

tJTtJT chaachaa
~ taa-i-aa
HTHT maamaa Uncle
ifT'R"3 maasaT
~ phupphar
 {45)

~ Chaachee
3"'Eft taa-ee
Hllft maamee Aunt
HTRt maasee

~ bhooaa
lfR sass Mother-in-Law
~ sauhana Father-in-Law

u.n~h_
WW saalaa
3(!~l)fT bhal;lva-ee-aa Brother-in-Law
Ri~ }
(')(')I(!ii!e'il)fT nanaaJ;lva-ee-aa
~ bharjaee
wa' saalee Sister-in-Law
RISiJ1d
('5'OT(!"

~
salehaar
nanaaJ;l
daadaa
J Grand Father
~ daadee Grand Mother
il3<JT potraa GrandSon
~ potaree Grand Daughter

****
 (46)

Lesson 28 lJTO 28
PEOPLE

..
~ KJaalal

~ mu~aa Boy
~ kuree Girl
W bachchaa Child
~
}
gabharoo
ht na(l(lhaa Youngman
~ naujawaan
~ muti-aar Damsel
~ 10k People
$ bheer
~ mulkha·ee·aa } Crowd

~ kavaaraa Bachelor
CRTa1 kavaaree Maiden, Virgin
~ beebee Lady
~ sardaar Noble Man
~

}
aadamee
HeR' marad Man
,
W banndaa
~

}
janaanee
»'tcJ3 aurat Woman
~ teeveen
~ kurmaa-ee Engagement
 (47)

vi·aah Marriage
vi·ubi-aa
vi-aahee } Married

janj Marriage Party

"abbar Family
parvaar

gitftijid l
saak
baraad~ree

bhaa-eechaaraa } --
Kinsman, Relative

Community
;-

kaum Nation

****
(48)

lesson 29 UT029
PLACFS
fRi Thaavaan

UIO ghar Home

0T8't galee
~ koochaa } Lane, Street

ft1s pin~ Village

ClmJT kasbaa Town
F.I'fua shaihar City
QR'3T rastaa Way
~ baazaar Market
fucr' kilhaa Fort
ar;tt garhee Fortress
~ zilhaa District

~ soobaa
\f3 praant } Province

~ des Country
~ deep Island
~ mahaandeep Continent
d 1tlQ 16I raajdhaanee Capital
~ mandar Temple
H"RftR masjid
H1=ft3 maseet } Mosque

~ gurdu-aa-raa Sikh Place of Worship

 (49)

ftrra";:rr girjaa Church

}fOlT() makaan House
~ dukaan Shop
H'o matth Monastery
on:iO kabar Grave
OladA3 i (i kabarstaan Graveyard
~

}
sive
'F.l1-f'F.lT()" shamshaan Cemetry
~ marhee-aan
~ sakool School
~~ khe9 maidaan Play Ground
CfHOT kamaraa Room
~ mahall Palace
~ kachaiharee
~ darbaar } Court

~ daftar Office
m:r~ bas a99aa Bus Stand, Bus Stop
~~ havaa-ee a99aa Airport
aeddl'<J bandargaah Port, Harbour
mrcr sarak
ijffiT golaa } Road

****
(50)

Lesson 30 lJT030
NATURE
gt!d3 Kudarat

waf dhartee Earth

~ sooraj Sun
Bo chann Moon
~ taare Stars
~ si-aare

orfu garaih } Planets

»fffifT"O asmaan Sky.

ft8lt khittee Constellation

~ braihman~ Universe
~ dunee-aan World
~~3TOT bodee vaalaa taaraa Comet

~ samundar Sea
}j()iH1dld mahaan saagar Ocean
~ pahaaree Hill
~ pahaar Mountain
~ dari·aa River
Sffi jheel Lake
SO?)T jharnaa Waterfall
trnlfT chashmaa Spring
~ maidaan Plain
~ pathohaar Plateau
nfuo naihar Canal
 (51)

l::fTE khaal Channel

.~ jangal Forest

~ rnaroothal Desert
~ jawaalaa mukhee Volcano
»(or agg Fire
~ baddal Cloud
Hfu rneenh Rain
~ tufaan Storm
~ haneree
~ jhakkhar } Dust Storm

"iii l"iiId8 I vaavarolaa Cyclone

futffi't bijalee Lightning
<:JRIt:r garaj Thunder
~ harh Flood
~ aUf Drought
orrH kaal Famine

****
(52)

Lesson 31 U'031
HOUSE
}-(CiT() Makaan
Uld Ghar

o'l'"J neenh Foundation

cn«JT kamaraa Room
G'd'E' farash Floor
cfq kandh Wall
~ chhatt Ceiling, Roof
lhft pauree Stair
~
}
jhu~~ee

5ldt chhaprce Hut

~ lapparee
}f(Jg mahall Palace
€diil!'ti' daTvaajaa Door
l:fT(ft baaree
ftaoft khirakce } Wind'ow

omtt raso-ee Kitchen

.~ gusalkhaanaa Bathroom
~ bailhak D~awing Room

****
 (53)

Lesson 32 ura32
DOMESTIC ARTICLES
~ Jtt:rt Ghareloo Cheejaan
wa't thaalee Plate
cffi't kaulee
~ kaforee } Bowl

~ chamchaa Spoon
~ chaakoo Knife
~ chaklaa Flatening Disc
?8er velal)aa Roller
~ tavaa Baking Disc, Girdle
~ chullaah
~ angeethee } Hearth

J~d tandool' Oven

\fa'to changer Basket

~ jhaaroo Broom
W8e baalal) Firewood
fID.rcr chimfaa Tongs
tJTlft pathee Dungcake
kr 9abbaa Box

~ sandook Chest
f';:RoT jindraa
31W taalaa } Lock

~
~
kunnjee
chaabee } Key
(54)

rfurr sheeshaa Mirror

Hf:f mez Table
~ kursee Chair
lfur p'akkhaa Fan
~ hathauree Hammer
~ kuhaaree Axe
~ daatar Scythe
-J;ft tauree .Earthen Cooking Pot
~ pateelaa Pan
l:TcJ3'7) bartan Pot
~ karchhee Ladle

****
 (55)

lesson 33 lJ1033
METALS
rrra+ Dhaataan
HOT sonaa Gold
~ chaandee Silver
ffiJT lohaa Iron
~ taambaa Copper
ft13"8" pittal Brass
fl:fw sikkaa Lead
0ffj))fT kaihaan Bronze
~ kansee Bell Metal
~ faulaad Steel
~ kali Tin
1mB jisat Zink

****
(56)

Lesson 34 tfT034
ATIlRES
f8a l R Libaas

-U roon Cotton uor;ft pagree

~ unn Wool ~ dastaar } Turban

am, Silk ~
Ql1.ST
resham
kapraa Cloth ~
chunnee
dupaHaa } Scarf

enS kapre Clothes ~ ghunn~

cnfu;r kameez ~ burkaa } Veil

~ kurtaa } Shirt
~ kamarkassaa Girdle
s&; banain Vest W cholaa Cloak
u;::rt)fT pajaamaa Trousers ~ topee Cap
~ kachchhaa Underwear w;ft saaree Sari
~ fatoohee Waist Cloth ~ barsaatee Rain Coat
l10r pagg Turban ~ jaraabaan Socks
~ angee Bra, Brassiere

****
 (57)

Lesson 35 UTe 35
FEELINGS
ij'iij(')'iij; Bhaavnaavaan
~ Vedanaa

~ laad Affection
ftp,.rro

}
pi-aar
i{H prem Love
~ hej
~ yair Enmity
m:r josh Excitement
£fH khush Happy, Delighted
~ udaas Sad, Dejected
Bl:f sukh Comfort
~ dukkh Grief
fJ1.G himmat Courage
~ilfu84 buzdilee Cowardice
~ilfu8 buzdil
~ ~aroo } Coward

~ hamdardce Sympathy
~ bedardec Cruelty
¥ karodh Anger
~ lobh Greediness
or1.:fOf3T kaamuktaa Sexsuality
Hu moh Infatuation
~ hunkaar Vanity

****
(58)

Lesson 36 l.JTO 36

OCCUPATIONS
ftl3" Kitte
fcmro kissan Farmer
M kammeen Labourer
'301::fTC!" tarkhaaJ:} Carpenter
~ luhaar Blacksmith
~. suni-aaraa Goldsmith
~ julaahaa Weaver
mft dhobee Washerman·

~ jhi-oor Waterman
mtt mochee Cobbler
~ naa-ee Barber
ioft bhangee Scavenger
tJ C ,~p <t!1)ff hatvaal)eeaan Shopkeeper
tJ8~ Ie!! halvaa-ee Confectioner
~ jhatka-ee Butcher
W<J shah )
Money Lender
~ shahookaar J
tlo chor Thief

~ daakoo Dacoit
~ luteraa Robber
~ dalaal Brocker
~ vakeel Pleader, Lawyer
 (59)

~ aagoo Leader
QR3 i e ustaad
~ adhi-aapak } Teacher

~ darjee Tailor
~~ chhaabree vaalaa Hawker
~ zimeendaar Landlord
}fT"gOI' maalak Lord, Master
~ naukar Servant

****
(60)

Lesson 37 l..fTO 37

AGRICULTURE
i3d1a l :f/ Kheteebaaree
;:n.fto zameen Land
i8 khet Held
mit minee Soil
GFIP.i rasal Crop
~ bee Seed
N reh
¢ rooree } Manure

~ hal Plough
~ panjaalee Yoke
~ vahuIJaa To Plough
~ beejaIJaa To Sow
fi:rner sinjaIJaa To Irrigate
~ va~haIJaa To Reap
~ gaahuIJaa To Thresh
~ upjaa-oo Fertile
ffif sem Water Logging
}-f'T}-ffiT maamlaa Land Revenue
~ aabiaanaa Water Rate
~ patvaaree Revenue Clerk
girdaavar Revenue Inspector
fuld':!,€id9 girdaa-oree Revenue Entry
W8"~ maal afsar Revenue Officer
 (61 )
----------------------

Lesson 38 trO 38
INDUSTRY
Sanat

~ kaarkhaanaa Mill, Factory, Workshop

or~ kaarkhaan~daar Mill Owner
}-fTffii[ maalak Employer

~ mazdoor Labourer
ern kamm Work

~ mazdoorcc Labour
37)CfT<J tankhaah Pay, Salary
oro;rr kauaa Debt, Loan
(5'GT nafaa Gain, Profit

}
QCffiTO nuksaan
UfTCT ghaaHaa Loss
<JTO't haanee
~ hartaal Strike
3181~'29 taalaa bandee Lock Out
jalsaa Gathering
muzaaharaa Demonstration
chhaan~ee Sack

****
(62)

lesson 39 l.P039
EDUCATION
~ Vidiaa
tnfT3 jamaat Class

~ sakool School
(lA3 1e
~
ustaad
adhi-aapak } Teacher

~
~
kitaab
pustak } Book

~ kaapee Exercise Book

ornlf kalam Pen
~ davaat Inkpot
HBc salet Slate
HB"it saletee Slate Pencil
UoJ:m painsal Pencil
l.PO paat h Lesson
~ vidi-aarthee Student
ft:fucr sikhkh.,aa To learn
~ Iikh.,aa To Write
~ parh.,aa To Read
~ samjha.,aa To und~rstand

J=R'TB" svaal Question, Sum

~ javaab Answer
~ imtihaan

tllfuw preekhi-aa } I':xamination

 (63)

tareekaa Method
tajarbaa Practical, Experiment
khe~ maidaan Play Ground
khedaan Games
mallaan Sports
1,,!R3Ci/ 18 1 pustakaalaa Library
Hlf~ mukh adhi-aapak Head Master
u1tt ghan~ee Period
~~ addh-ee chhuHec Recess
~ gi-aan Knowledge
acer ra~al.laa To Cram

****
(64)

Lesson 40 l.JTO 40

PRINT MEDIA
~ R'}f'(JT(/f Chhapa1J, Samagree

~ akhbaar Newspaper
d"flTW-~ rasaalaa Magazine
f'oIaiatl l kitaabchaa Booklet, Pamphlet
l:ffiO khabar News
"81f lekh Article, Essay
~ kavitaa Poem
~ kahaal)ee Story
~ sampaadak Editor
~ chhapak Printer
~ parkaashak Publisher
\Rr chandaa Subscription
'UT'OC{ paathak Reader
~ rozaanaa Daily
haftaavaree Weekly
maasak
maahvaaree } Monthly

saalaanaa Annual
ank Number, Issue
parchaa Paper
pannaa Page
Iikhaaree Writer, Author
keemat
mull } Price
 (65)

Lesson 41 tfTO 41
DISEASES
3ar, ~ Rog, Beemaaree-aan
a-att rogee
tfhfro beemaar } Patient

tfhfro beemaar III

~
3TU
bukhaar
laap } Fever

lfuf khangh Cough

tJOfTH zukaam Cold
UtrF.r pechash
~ maror } Dysentry

~ dast Diarrohoea
~ haizaa Cholera
~ ultee Vomit
1ffinlS" sirpeer Headache
lfur peer Pain
}-f13T

mm
maataa
chechak } Small pox

~ tapdik Tuberculosis
~ korh Leprosy
mrorro
~
yarkaan
peelee-aa } Jaundice

tfoft ~ jangee bukhaar Influenza

t'fc salt Injury, Stroke
(66)

~ fat!
"i.l1::fH zakham } Wound

~ paagal Mad
~ annhaa Blind
aw bolaa Deaf
I§dl i goongaa . Dumb
~ langaan Lame
~ ilaaj Treatment
8 i rt!8 i t'! la-i1aaj Incurable
~ dvaa Medicine
~ dvaakhaanaa Dispensary
~ teekaa Inje~tion

~ lodaa Vaccination
~ apaahaj Handicapped

****
 (67)

lesson 42 tfTO 42

SOME USEFUL WORDS

~ ciJ..r ~ F.fflt:! Kujh Kamm De Shabad
~ haan Yes
o+J

}
naanh
~ naheen No, Not
(')T naa
";:ft jee
lft}fT()tft sree maan jee } Sir

";:ft~ ~ jee aa·i·aan noon Welcome

~ fheek Correct, AJ) right
~ achchhaa
t'l'i;T hachchhaa } Good, Well

f@,~ sabh, kul All

~ thore Few
it;p thora Little
~ kujh Some
fu<JT
}
jihaa
~ ajihaa Like. As
~ vargaa
~ aje Yet, Still
<:ft
}
hee
fHoG siraf Only
~ keval
;R hu., Now
(68)

:R" tad
:rt tan } Then

~ pher Again
~ ethe here
~ othe There
W ena This much
§'or ona That much
ta898 bilkuI Quite, Wholly
~ eho Same, This One
W oho- Same, That One
~ o-e Hello
§"

}
0

E e Hey
~ he
? ve
o'f neen } Hello

****
GRAMMAR
~ Vi-aakaratt
(70)

lesson 43 UTO 43
GENDER
fffiJr Ling
puling Masculine Gender
istaree ling Faminine Gender

FORMATION OF GENDERS

(a) Byadding'ee' (d) By replacing 'ee' by '1],' or n

Masculine Faminine Masculine Faminine
weft ~

sajjan sajanee saathee saathaJ;l

~ ~ fWr(ft f\mToo
kukkar kukkaree khidaaree khidaaran

(b) By adding 1],ee or nee (e) By replacing 'ee' by '-e-a1],'

~ Adi!idcS'l ~ e1AIfl:~
sardaar sardaarnee eesaa-ee eesaa-e-aJ;l
~ ~
ooth naa-ee naa-e-aJ;l

(c) By adding 'aa1],ee' (j) By replacing 'aa' by '1],' or n

Ro ~ RUor HUon
seth sethaaJ;lee saperaa saperan
~ ~C(dietl ~ ~

naukar naukaraaJ;lee pahaaree-aa phaaraJ;l

 (71 )

(g) By replacing 'aa' by 'ee' (h) By adding 'ree'

~ l)fT(ft ~
n ~
H~o(~1

aaraa Ii aarcc sandook sandookaree

~ ara;ft
chaachaa chaachee baal baalaree

(i) By using a different word

~
aadamee au rat
Aiog

saan9hoo saalee
ft8r
pitaa maataa

(j) Nouns always used as masculine

3'iJT, lJ011, ~, t-ffu
Taaraa, Suraj, Himaalee-aa, Meenh
~, ;:roHo't, ~, ~
Satluj, Jarmanee, Amritsar, Daheen.

(k) Nouns always used as faminine

tlO3't fc«r<rl ~ oRrrr ~
Dhartee Kiran Raavee Gangaa Baraf

Dillee Mumbaee Dunee-aan Garmeen

****
(72)

Lesson 44 UTO 44
NUMBER
Vachan

ikk vachan Singular

bauh vachan Plural

FORMATION OF NUMBER

(a) By changing 'aa' into 'e'

Singular Plural Singular Plural
»fTW ~ tf3T @
aalaa aale pattaa patte
tf~ ~ m 5"B-
munQaa munQe jholaa jhole
,
(b) By adding 'aan
~ ~ til'T"3]" ~
ooth oothaan yaatroo yaatroo-aan
~ ~ of'q cfut
fauj faujaan kandh kandhaan

(c) By adding 'aan' after 'ee'

sr;ft ~ ~ FeA3a91)ff
jhaarcc jhaaree-aan istarcc istarec-aan
~ ~ weft wcft»fT
haathee haathee-aan saathee saathee-aan
 (73)

(d) By adding 'vaan'

art ~ 90T ~
gaan gaavaan bharaa bharaavaan
)fT ~ ~ 02fol'){'T?t
maan maavaan dari-a~ dari-aavaan

(e) Some noum in singulf1!' ;iJmetimcs convey the sense ofplural

~~ ~Jflft ~qo ~qo
ikk haathee do haathee ikk ooth das ooth
~~ wa~ ~~ fJo~
ikk thaal chaar thaal ikk dari-aa tin dari-aa

****
(74)

Lesson 45 trO 45
CASE
orracX Kaarak
Use ofprepositions in different cases
?'cr ?'cr 0[TfJCff f?tf mio6(; tft ~
Name of Case Preposition Meaning
1. Nominative case %
G«f3T ~ ne
kartaa kaarak
2. Objective Case ~ To
~~ noon
karam kaarak
3. Instrumental Case ff, (')'T8" With, By
'Cil"07) ~ ton, naal
karan kaarak
4. Dative Case ~,m,~ To, For
~~ noon, la-ee, vaaste
sampardaan kaarak
5. Ablative Case ff,~,~ From
~~ ton, utton, vichon
apaadaan kaarak
6. Possessive Case ~, -e-, -e'l, ~ Of, 's
~~ daa, de, dee, dee-aan
sabandh kaarak or, left, cftllfT
raa, re,ree, ree-aan
 (75)

7. Locative Case ~,~I~,>JRo In, On

~~ te, utte, vich, andar
adhikaran kaarak
8. Vocative Case ~,W,~,~ Oh. Hello,
mron~ ve, o·e, ari-aa, aree-e Hai, Hey
sambodhan kaarak ~,~,o'f,~
kure. ajee, neen, he

****
(76)

Lesson 46 UTO 46

CASE·II

(a) NOUNS WITH CASE-ENDING

~ t!t C7TCfH R'Q6' Naanv dee kaaraj saadhanaa

MASCUUN NOUNS
SINGULAR PLURAL

Man Men
bandaa bande
@-§ To the man ~-§ To the men
bande noon bandi-aan noon
By/with the man ~ ()T5" By/with the men
bande naal bandi-aan naal
For the man ~ffi:ft For the men
bande la-ee bandi-aan la-ee
From the man ~3' From the men
bande ton bandi-aan ton
@~ of the man/man's ~~ of the men/men's
bande da bandi-aan daa
In the man ~~ In the men
bande vich bandi-aan vich
Oman ~~ Omen
o-e bandi-aa o-e bandi-o
 1(77)

FEMININE NOUNS

~ Lady ~ Ladies
su-aaI;lee su-aaI;lee-aan
~~ To the lady ~~ To the ladies
su-aaI;lee noon su-aaI;lee-aan noon
~()TB" With the lady ~()TB" With the ladies
su-aaI;lee naal su-aaQec-aan naal
~m!t For the lady ~m!t For the ladies
su-aaI;lee la-ee su-aaI;lee-aan la-ee
~3' From the lady ~3' From the ladies
su-aaI;lee ton su-aaI;lee-aan ton
~ "e'T of the lady/lady's ~"e'T ofthe ladies/ladies'
su-aalJee daa su-aaI;lee-aan daa
In the lady ~ ~ In the ladies
su-aalJee vich su-aalJee-aan vich
o lady o ladies
neen su-aalJce-en nee su-aalJee-on

****
(78)

Lesson 47 UTO 47

CASE-II
(b) Transformation ofwords ending with "aa"
in the Nominative
WORD USAGE CASE
(i) ~ ~~F.rfuo~1 Nominative
Ludhianaa Ludhiana is a beautiful city. without any
case-ending.
(ii) ~ ~ *ftro't fm/t I Nominative with
chaachaa Uncle wrote a letter. a case ending
(past tense).
(iii) ~ ~~furl)fT1 Objective case.
ambaalaa Mohan went to Ambala.

(iv) Her ~*~~~~~I

sotaa The teacher beat the child with a rod.
. Instrumental case.

(v) ar,:{T fl:rurtit *~ ffift ~ ~ ~ I

rajaa The soldier sacrificed his life for the king.
Dative case.

(vi) ~ <:Rft~~~1 Ablative case.

pati-aalaa Had has come from Patiala.
 (79)

(vii) ororr Possessive case.

kaakaa This is Kaka's book.

(viii)~ 0l'01;f ~ ~ ~ ~ I Locative case.

chubaaraa Karamoo lives in the upper storey.

(ix) ~ Vocative case.

mundaa o boy! come here!

(c) Wrong and Right way of usage

WRONG RIGHT
(~/~ ~ F.r8't) (~~F.r8't)

ffireT ~ ~ I ffireT ~ ~ I
~~~I ~~~I
0TtfT % f'c8r I ~ % f'c8r I
~~"e'~~1 ~~~~~I
fUdI8'il'i:'3i~~Ft~illll fUdl8'il'ifl ~~Ft~illli
HOT m raR:'3l:l i Jl em- ~ I HOT ftm- fdl~:'3al<:l em- ~ I
~fffifw3'~~1 ~ft:n.53'~ ~I
~~~~I ~~~~I
~ crnHtor ~ fdp,fr ~ I CXTW m;n.@ ~ fdp,fr ~ I
ll: ~ fHtu' ~ l)fT N <J?) I ll: <mJOO fi::iut ~ l)fT N <J?) I
~~t1OT3'"J?t~? ~~Wi3'(W~"J?t~?
&u' 'Nhftor t't ~ I &u' ztfhft=a t't ~ I
t/lf H3"at ttl uoR' Horr ~I t/lf H3"at t:ft uoR' Hen ~ I

****
(80)

Lesson 48 UTO 48
CASE-Its Application
qr;JO[ t't ~ Karrak dee varton

Mohan Reads Nominative case

mohan parhdaa hai without case ending.
0f03T ~ (fur-'R"'tfi')T 3"' ftrcri"r)
B'ii % ftRtt u;tt I Sukhkha read the letter. Nominative case
sukhkhe ne chitthee parhee with case ending.
0f03T ~ ('&11 RTQ(')T Flf<:B)
tJ'07)T}f % l..fTC!t l.ft3r I Harman drank water. Objective case
harnaam ne paar;tee peetaa

~@ "§ M ~~ ~I He beats the boy with the stick.

uh bachche noon sotee naal kutdaa hai Instrumentotl case

Bhagat Singh sacrificed

bhagat singh ne desh his life for the country.
vaaste jaan vaari Dative case

~ ~ ~ Surinder came from Jalandhar.

surindar jalandharon aa-i-aa Aillative case
~~
 (81 )

fuu f'li€ ~ "21it ~ I This is Chhinda's cap. Possessive case

eh chhinde dee topee hai mfu~
,-
Go into the temp!£. Locative case
mandar vich jaa-o l)\fuOld(! ~

o baby! what are you doing?

Vocative case
nee kuree-e! toon kee pa-ee kardee en?

Note: l. Case ending in objective case is used in the case of an

animate object as ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ I It is not used in the
ease of an inanimate one.
2. The possessive case ending depends on the noun possessed
e.g. haree daa mun9aa, haree de munge, haree dee kuree
etc.

****
(82)

Lesson 49 lJfO 49

PRONOUN$~I
l.I:16 iii!' Parnaanv

(A) PRONOUNS WITH CASE ENDING

ll:fi5T?i tit CfTCTH RT{JOT parnaavaan dee kaaraj saadhanaa

FIRST PERSON ~ yol:f Uttam purakh

SINGUlAR PLURAL

l)fJff
main aseen We
HI??,~
ma'inoon me saanoon,asaanoon us
~OTB
mere naal by/with me saadenaal
~OTB
} by/with us

mera la-ee to/for me

asaade naal

~~
saade la-ee } to/for us

::e~e
wa'
maithon from me saathon from us
.~
 (83)

}
Her, Heft l1rctt

}
(singular) 'R'rcfI, (singular)
meraa, meree my, saadaa, saadee Our,
Ha, ~ (plural) mine ~, ~ (plural) ours
mere,meree-aan saade, saadee-aan

Ha fW ~~
mere vichch in ine saadl' vichch in us

SECOND PERSON H'm1 ~'01f maddham purtakh

toon thou tuseen you

~'ll~
tainoon thee tuhaanoon you

tere naal by/with thee tuhaa~e naal by/with you

~Beft
tere la·ee to/for thee tuha~e la-ee to/for you
~
taithon from thec tuhaathon from you
w,3(ft ~,~
(singular) (singular)
teraa, teree thy, tuhaa~aa, tuhaagee your,
3'a", ~ thine ~, ~ yours
(plural) (plural)
tere, teree-an tuhaa~c, tuhaa9cc-aan

~fW
terc vichch in thee tuhaa9c vichch in you
(84)

THIRD PERSON l)fO Y01:f an purakh

f1<J W
uh he, she, it oh they
fur?>
- '=
~"§
us noon him, her, it ohnaan noon them
~~ f1<Jor 7)'l'"8"
us naal by/with him, her, it ohnaan naal by/with them
~wc!t ~wc!t
us la-ee to/for him, her, it ohnaan la-ee to/for them
~~ ~~
us daa his/her, its ohnaan daa their
~1W ~1W
us vich in him, her, it ohnaan vich in them

Note:-l. pronouns have no vocative case

2. The declension of~ (kaun) is as follows:
~, ftm "§, ftm ~, ftm wc!t, ftm 3"', ftm~, ftm 1W I
kaun, kis noon, kis naal, kis la-ee, kis ton, kis daa, kis vich
who, to whom, with whom, for whom, from whom, whose, in
whom.

(B) SOME OTHER PRONOUNS

If!1 Va ~ kujh hOT parnaanv

ih
~
aih
} This ko-ee Any body, Some body, Some one
 (85)

ro
eh These
~ <hftor
oh
~
auh
ffir
} That ka-ee naa
fcffior
kise naa
} Nobody, None

oh Those

****
(86)

Lesson 50 UT050
ADJECTIVES
ni.1
l<i~f.le: Vishesha'TJ,
tfoyT ~
~
changaa
changee } Good
cts't
kojhaa
kojhee } Ugly

~ ~
~
bhairaa }
bhairee
Bad
~
uchchaa
uchchee } High

~ vaMaa} ~ neevaan }
Big Low
?"itt va~~ee o't?t' neeveen
ikr chhotaa } war bhaaraa }
Small Heavy
~ chhotee grcft bhaaree
~ uchchaa } <'ffir haulaa }
Tall Light
~ uchchee <J8't haulee
}fl:fOT ~ si-aal.laa
w:r\ft
madhraa }
madhree
Short
~ si-aal.lee } Wise

ffifr ~ javaan
ffift
lammaa }
lammce
Long
~ naujawaan } Young

~ ~ puraal.laa
rn
navaan }
naveen
New
~ puraal.lee } Old

Her motaa } ~ chust Active

Fat
Hit motee E!R3 sust Lazy
lJ3C5T patlaa } ljOl:f moorakh Foolish
Thin
l13"8't pal1ee ~ sa-oo Noble
ffiJcT
Beautiful ~
sohl,aa mash-hoor Famous
~ sohr:ree }
 (87)

Lesson 51 1JT051

Verbs
~ Kiri-aa

~ aa-OI;laa To come W ro.,aa { To ,,'eep

To cry
;:rrcr jaaI.laa To go ~ hass.,aa To laugh
~ khaloI.laa To stand u;ror parlu;taa To read
~ baithar:taa To sit ~ Iikh.,aa To write
~ uth.,aa To get up ~ kh~aa To play
~ letQaa To lie down ~ daur.,aa To run
~ khaar:taa To eat ~ kUdd.,aa} To jump
~ pee.,aa To drink i;TH ~ chhaal
maarnee

~ bol.,aa To speak ~ charlU,taa To climb

~ su.,anaa {TO listen ~ suttJ;laa To throw
To hear
~ dass.,aa To tell ~ <Iig~aa To fall
~ vekh.,aa { To see ~ cheernaa To cut
To look

****
(88)

Lesson 52 1JTO 52

ADVERBS
fc;rfa>,.{r ffitih:t~ Kiri-aa Vishesha~
~ hur;te Now
~ bhalke Tomorrow
~ svakhte Early
~ kuvele Late
~ ethe Here
w othe There
~ door
l.ia" pare } Away

ftW jitthe }
Where
~ kitthe
~ haulee Slowly
~ kahalee Hurriedly
~~ kadeen kadaa-een Seldom
J=RT sadaa Always
l)f<illicJ aksar }
Often
l)fT)f ~ '3" aam taur te
HW masaan Hardly
~ dubaaraa Again
cR',~ kadon, jadon When
~7)Tg gauh naal Carefully
~3W buree taraan Badly
~ zaroor Certainly
fuq~ ik vaar Once
~ii:leia9 7)Tg vafaadaaree naal Faithfully
 (89)

Lesson 53 l.JTO 53

PREPOSITION
"
RflOo/ Sabandhak

~ andar } 3C(
tak }
In Upto
~ vich ~ teek
~ baahr Out ~ daa Of
~ ~ vaste
~
utte}
.
uppar
On, Up, Above
m:.ft la-ee } For

@ Thalle Below, Under ~ du-aara }

Through
~ arJf
agge
{ Before
In front of
raaheen

m pichchhe Behind ~ naal With

~ door Far ~ bagair

~ Nere} Near
fun; binaa } Without

~ laage ~ baabat
3"' ton From aTa 00", } About
~ vall To mmt sabandhee
~eo(ld vichkaar Between, Among

****
(90)

Lesson 54 UT054

CONJUNCTION
~ Yojak

~
~
je
jekar } If

}
UO par
~ aipar But
l{g prantoo
~ ki-onki
MITT ki-onju } Because

()T ~ .... FffiI' naa keval.... sagon Not only...but

~ beshak
~ bhaven } Though

fuo~ fir vee Yet

3f~ taan ki
3f;t tannjo' } So that

3f taan Then
3,~ te, ate And
W jaan Or
~ ki That
or5 naale Also, Besides

****
 (91)

lesson 55 UTe 55
EXCLAMATORY
f?m.rq Vismak

~ vaahvaa }
~ shaabaashe Hurrah, Weldone, Bravo
g'g@ balle balle
?TU vaah Strange
<JTfE', ~ haa-i, haa-e Alas
~ hain What
~ khabardaar }
Beware
~ hoshi-aar
~ afsos Sorry
~ uh
~ uf } Oh

****
(92)

Lesson 56 l..fTO 56

INTEROGATlVES
l.J.F.Ri ~ Prashan Vaachak
ott kee What
fcffi' ki-on Why
<k" kauI) Who
~ kiven }
How
foo:r3W kis taraan
~ kitthe Where
~ kadon When
foo:r~ kis daa Whose
foo:r~ kis noon Whom
f'cfoo kinnaa How Much
fom kinne How Many

****
~ dtJ()' Vaak Rachnaa
(94)

Lesson 57 l.JTO 57

To Be

H<:ro fuor ~ ~I Mohan is a boy.

mohan ikk mun9aa hai.
Sita is a girl.
seeta ikk kuree hai.
~~~I We are friends.
aseen dost han.
I am not a thief.
main chor naheen han.
~~~I You arc a liar.
toon jhoothaa hain.
~~ fuw-at <J I You are a good player.
tuseen vadhi-aa khi<laaree ho.
~~ otit' Fft I He was not honest.
uh eemaandaar nahecn see.
They were in the class-room.
oh jamaat vich san.
~ ftrJ €1H tit ~ Fft? Was this his turban?
kee ih us dee pagrce see?
~ UfO otit' Fft I You were not at home.
tuseen ghar naheen see.

****
 (95)

Lesson 58 UTe 58

TO HAVE
~ Rakkha~aa

}fit UTH 9W8" otif ~ I I have no handkerchief.

mere paas rumaal naheen hai.
~ ~ ~ 8~Oli <J?) I We have four guns.
saa~e kol chaar bandookaan han.
ctt~mr~~~~&~7
Have you a ten rupee note is your pocket?
kee lUhaa~eejeb vich das rupai daa not hai?
~ UTH ~ Uoft:rg ~ I You have only one pencil.
tere paas ikko pansil hai.
~~~~I He has a fever.
us noon bukhaar hai.
mffiF.r fFor ~ CJlKft Ftt? Kamlesh had a doll?
kamlesh ikk guddee rakkhdee see?
~ ~ fu"3"rgt otif J10 I They had no books.
ohnan kol kitahaan naheen san.
Had she a pet god?
kee oh paaItoo kutta rakhdee see?
~ j:j"zo HI ei0l8 otif ocR ~7 You had no motor cycle?
tuseen motor sa-cekal naheen rakhde sau?

****
(96)

Lesson 59 l..I'O 59

PRESENT TENSE
Varatmaan Kaal

I go.
main jaandaa han.
l)fFft' ~ <Jf I We swim.
aseen tarde han.
She sings a song.
oh gaaJ;laa ga-ondee haL
~~otil'<J? You do not read?
tuseen parhde naheen ho?
~fucr~~1 They are writing.
oh likh rahe han.
~~otil'~~1 He is not dancing.
oh nachch naheen rihaa hai.
ott ~ l)fl'l.RT l..I'O we- orcr ~ <J?Are you learning your lesson?
kee tuseen apJ;laa paaJh yaad kar rahe ho?
~ ~ UOfT ~ ~ I She has cooked the food.
oh khaaJ;laa pakaa chukkee haL
~ % ~ ~ fmJTR otil' ofBr I
Mohan has never disappointed me.
mohan nc mainoon kadeen niraas nahcen keeta.
I have given up drinking.
main sharaab peeJ;lee chha~~ dittee haL
 (97)

We have been waiting for you since 10 A.M.

aseen saver de das vaje ton tuhaa(lee u(leek kar rahe han.
oft ~ ~ Hal8~ia 3' mrcr ~ N"J?
Have you been travelling since last Tuesday?
kee tuseen pichhale mangalvaar ton safar kar rahe ho?
Ffufr tJTO u1fc»fT 3' a odt ~ I
Seema has been weeping for four hours.
seema chaar ghanti-aan ton ro rahee hai.

****
(98)

Lesson 60 l..fTO 60

PAST TENSE
"ff3" qrg Bhoot Kaal
~ fdTwl main gi-aa. I went.
~-~I oh aa-ee. She came.
~~~ ffi'o't fHB't I He received your letter.
us noon tuha~ee chi((hee milee.
€T<:rnr ("i'TF.8T o-.:ft' l:fTQT1 They did not take breakfast.
ohnaa nashtaa naheen khaadhaa.
The milkman was milking the cow.
dodhee gaan cho rihaa see.
fcmro is futr ill:? 0(J'f ~ ftrJr Fft I
The farmer was not ploughing the field.
kisaan khet vich hal naheen vaah rihaa see.
Were you knitting a sweater?
kee toon swaitar bUl;1 rahee see?
l)fFfT ~ are BP 'ffi') I We had done the sums.
asaan svaal ka~~h la-e san.
ott ~ ~ ~ ~ ffi')"?Had they taken the examination?
kee uh imtihaan de chukki-aan san?

I had been living at Patiala for four years.

main chaunh saalaan ton pati-aale raih rihaa saan.
}(fu- ~ 3' o-.:ft' tr fo.:rr Fft I It had not been raining since morning.
meehn sver ton naheen pai rihaa sec.
 (99)

Lesson 61 UTe 61

FUTURE TENSE
~ 'OfT5 Bhavikkhat Kaal
I shall go.
main jaavaangaa.
))fT;fl' ~ I We shall eat.
aseen khaavaange.
wtt' ~ ?i<ft' ~ I You will not dance tomorrow.
tuseen bhalke naheen nachchoge.
~ ~ ~ 010 o<:ft mtt I She will be waiting for you.
uh tuhaal;iee u~eek kar rahee hovegee.
ott ('i""8Ol1' ~ ~ ~7 Will the tap be running?
kee nalkaa chal rihaa hovegaa?
~~fu»fT~1 They will have taken bath.
ohnaan nahaa li·aa hovegaa.
ott f'orRro G"Ff8"T ~ ~ ~?
Will the farmers have reaped the crops?
kee kisaan faslaan val;il;ih chukke hOl,lge?
~~~3'W m:ffUT~~1
The boys will not have been making a noise for two hours.
munde do ghanti.aan ton raulaa naheen paa rahe hOl,lge.

****
(100)

Lesson 62 tJTO 62

IMPERATIVE SENTENCES
~~/~/(')R'ftJ3'f ~
hukmee-aan/sujhaa-oo/samjhaa-oo/naseehatee vaak.
€d~lt.li~1 Open the door.
darvaazaa khohlo.
~7[p;~1 Look at the picture.
tasveer vall vekh.
or€'f ~ 7)T ll8" I Never tell a lie.
kadeen jhooth na bolo.
~ ¥ )fT(J ~ ~ ';! I Blowout the candle.
mombattee phook maar ke bhujhaa de.
»fT Ra ~ ~ I Let us go out for a walk.
aa sair karn challee-e.
Let us sit in the sun.
chall dhuppe baithee-e.
~~~~futfl Let him come in.
us noon andar aa-ol.J de-o.
GOf.f '3' 7)T ~I Don't spit on the floor.
farsh te na thukk.
~~ffi11 Get yourselfvaccil)ated.
lodaa lagvaa la-o.
 (101)

Lesson 63 UTO 63
EXCLAMATORY/OPTATIVE SENTENCES
~/fl!s'dt:lo( ~ 'Vismak/lchchharrthak Vaak.
~! l)fFft ~ f;:B ~ ~ I Hurrah! We have won the match.
aahaa! aseen maichjitt Ii-aa hai.
~! ~ ~ -j fdpw I Alas! I have been ruined.
afsos! main barbaad ho gi.aa.
f'c;l7)'t 8~'~ctl "ta ~! What a pleasant weather!
kinnee suhaavar:tee rutt hail
May you live long!
jee-oonde raho!
(re~g'30~! May God bless you with a son!
rab tainoon puttar deve!
~I ~l.£tfT"O ~ ~I Would I were a Prime Minister.
kaash! main pardhaan mantree hundaa.
~r~~otl3Tl Bravo! Well done.
shaavaa! bahut sohr:taa keetaa.
~i~Q)~ ~W3W~~acffi!
May God grant peace to the departed soul!
vaahiguru vichharee aatmaa noon shaantee bakhshe!

****
(102)

Lesson 64 UTO 64
INTERROGATIVE SENTENCES
'l.{!R'i ~ ~ Prashan Vaachak Vaak
"?Fft' ~ ~? Who are you?
tuseen kauQ ho?
Whom does he want to see?
us ne kis noon milQaa hai?
fro fc81tr fuR ~ ~7 Whose book is this?
ih kitaab kis dee hai?
What do you want?
tuseen kee chaahunde ho?
~ fu'<:r;p 6B U'FR ~ ~? Which fruit does she like?
uh kehraa phal pasand kardee hai?
~ fc;rtT ~ ur ~ FlO? Why were the boys making a noise?
munde ki-on raula paa rahe san?
~~~~ FlO? When did they come back?
oh kadon vaapas aa-e san?
~tftmw~FIO? Where was uncle going?
chaachaa jee kitthc jaa rahe san?
~ f'cto4" ~ ~ ~ <::J'O? How often do they take tea?
oh kinnee vaar chaah peendee-aan han?
~ fuR ~ ~ 'Fft7 Who had knoched at the door?
boohaa kis ne kharkaa-e-aa see?
~~~~ <::J'O? How many shoes have you?
tuhaage kol kinnee-aanjuttee-aan han?
 (103)

Lesson 65 l.fTO 65

PARTICIPLES
0l1dt:!30l kaardntak

3O?)T fuor ~ ?Oful:r ~ I Swimming is a good exercise.

tarnaa ik changec varjish hai
~ trffi!T ~ ~ ~ 01:RT ~ I Walking keeps a man fit.
paidal chah)aa aadamee noon arog rakhdaa haL
~~ uk tit ~ <J?) I Barking dogs seldom bite.
bhounkade kutte ghan hee va~hde han

~ Cfd7)T ~ ~ ~ ~I To err is human.

galtee karnaa aadamee daa subhaa hai
~~ ~ ore I The boys went out to play.
mun(le baahar khe(lan ga-e
~~~ wet ~ fdp,.rr I He was asked to speak.
us noon bolal) la-ce aakhi-aa gi-aa
R:r ~ ~ ~ ~ I Sant is an educated youngman.
sant parhi-aa likhi-aa naujvaan hai
~ ~ B;3"Qft ~ wet ~ I The frightened girl ran for safety.
(laree ho-ee larkee bachaa-o la-ee dauree
The injured cow could not run.
zakhamee gaan daur naa sakkee

****
(104)

lesson 66 UTO 66

SOME MORE SENTENCES

~ iJa ~ Kujh HOT Vaak

It is raining.
varkhaa ho rahee hai.
UfO ~ ~ ?5<ft' ~ I There is nobody in the house.
ghar vich ko-ee naheen hai.
~ l..fte ~ W "J fdT>,.rT ~ I It is time to take tea.
chaah peeJ.l daa velaa ho gi-aa hai.
»{F(f ~ ~ 3fdw ~ fIT I We used to swim in the river.
aseen deri-aa vich tari-aa karde saan.
~ ~ lJlU ~ I To tell a lie is a sin.
jhooth bolJ.laa paap hai.
}f ft!<:r chf l)fTlf C:«r FrcR't ~ I I can do this work myself.
main ih kamm aap kar sakdce haan.
»{F(f <:YR fuor ofu or ~ I We could not help laughing.
aseen hassc binaa raih naa sakke.
Could you show me your pen?
rataa aapJ.laa painn vikhaa-oge?
~ UfO,:rr ~"JI You may go home.
tuseen ghar jaa sakde ho.
"J ~ ~ "JOt{t3 lJTH "J ~ I Harpreet may get through.
ho sakdaa hai harpreet paas ho jaave.
}f fi.Kro3 ett3t 3'f ;'t lJTH "J ~ I I worked hard so that I may pass.
main mehnat kcctce tan jo paas ho jaavaan.
 (105)

We must go there.
saanoon othe zaroor jaar:taa chaheeda hai.
ft:n..rw ~ l)fT'l.R;'t tt:ff d7e~ Ie'll Bimla got her shoes repaired.
bimlaa ne aapnee juttee gam;lhvaa-ee.
wa ~ )-fT(f ~ ~ FrO 1 All the rats were killed.
saare choohe maar ditte ga-e san.
~~ ~~~~ fJ\.8 otit'l He dare not abuse me.
ohde vich mainoon gaahal kal;ihl;ihar:t dee himmat naheen.
~ur8 l')f11.f ~~~ otit'l You need not come yourself.
tuhaanoon aap aa-on dee lor naheen.
~~T~h~~~~1 I need your help.
mainoon tuhaal;ice madad dec lor hai.
~~ fl::lo ~ <J? 3T ~ ~ ~ <101
If it rains in time, the crops grow well.
je vele sir varkhaa hove tan faslaan changiaan hundee-aan han.

****
(106)

lesson 67 tl'O 67

INTRANSITIVE/TRANSITIVE VERBS
~/ ffC?CTHOf ~ akarmakl sukarmak kiri-.aa
(A) INTRANSITIVE VERBS:

I came.
main aa-i-aa
You went.
tuseen ga·e
»fFft' # <Jf I We eat.
aseen khaande haan
They play. (I)
oh khel;ladee-aan haan
tl<J~ ~T1 He reads.
uh parhadaa hai
thit~~1 The bird flies.
panchhee ul;ladaa hai
om't~~1 The train runs.
gal;ll;lee chaldee hai
Ft<:re~1 Sohan ran.
sohaJ:l dauri-aa

(B) TRANSITIVE VERBS

»fFft' 6B # <Jf I We eat fmit.

ase.en phal khaande haan
 (107)

They play football (t).

oh futbaal khe9adee-aan han
QTH~~u;rmft~1 Ram has read the book.
ram ne kitaab parh la-ee hai
~~1.it~FftI You were drinking milk.
tuseen duddh pee rahe see
~ fttcs't ~ four ~ I Sohan is writinga letter.
sohaQ chitthee likh rihaa hai
Ff8r it ?t ~ ~ Fft I Sita had watched the T.V.
seetaa tee vee vekh chukkee see

Note: Transitive verb in the past tense with case ending "ne" agrees
with the object as in
QTH~~u;rmft~1

****
(108)

Lesson 68 UTO 68

VOICE
Vaach

He writes a letter.
uh chittl.tee Iikhadaa hai
ftfo't ~ 3' fmft ~ ~ I A letter is written by him.
chittl.tee us ton likhee jaandee hai
H"~ tfBrl I drank water.
main paal)ee peetaa
~~ tfBr ftw,.rT I Water was drunk by me.
maithon paal)ee peetaa gi-aa
ffiJot IN ~ Fft I They had spoken the truth.
ohnaa sachch boli·aa see

sachch ohnaa ton boli-aa gi-aa see.

The truth had been spoken by them.
~ ed~'i1' ~ o<1t ~ I Kamla is opening the door.
kamlaa darvaajaa khohal rahee hai
~ ~ ed~lill ~ ;:IT fatJr ~I
kamlaa vallon darvaajaa khohli·aa jaa rihaa haL
The door is being opened by Kamla.
inft Cil'l.S ~ I The washerman will wash the clothes.
dhobee kapre dhovegaa
 (109)

. kapre dhobee ton dOOte jaange

The clothes will be washed by the washerman.

Note: Verb agrees with the subject in active voice while it agrees
with the object in passive voice.

****
(110)

Lesson 69 l.JTO 69

IDIOMATIC SENTENCES
~k) , 'ia'l ?rei Muhaavaree Vaak
~ ~ ()TR}f'!ft c}tft ~ 75<ff I Ignorance oflaw is no excuse.
kaanoon dee naasamjhee ko-ee bahaanaa naheen.
l)fFli tft 90 a CfTllT I We ate to our fill.
asaan jee bhar ke khaadhaa.
~~~~UO~~~I
He has a grey head on green shoulders.
uh hai taan nikkaa par hai baraa si-aaQaa.
ft:.::r }1cil'T(') ~ ~ W8't ~I This house is to let.
ih makaan karaa-e vaaste khaalee hai.
~ HO ~ UO Ha'rOfT 75<ff I He would rather die than beg.
uh mar jaavegaa par mangegaa naheen.
~~~ 75"'"H' ~ ~ I She is wise for her age.
uh aapQee umar naalon si-aaQee hai.
~ ~ ~ t" ~ 3'aT ~ I They are hard up these days.
ajj kal uhnaan daa hatth tang hai.
~~ ftott-mott ij]'"8" '3 ~ tR- <J I You fall out over trifles.
tuseen tan nikkee nikkee gal te lar painde ho.
~ "5" ~ ER'R'r ~ I He is hard of hearing.
us noon uchchaa sUQeedaa hai.
He is true to hts salt.
uh namak halaal hai.
~~~<1ott~1 She is true to her word.
uh vaahde dec pakkee hai.
 (111 )

Lesson 70 U"O 70

PROVERBS

~ Akhaa-otan

~ ~ ot:ft ~ I Honesty is the Dest policy.

eemaandaaree vadhee-aa neetee hai.
Think before you speak.
pehlon tolo phir bolo.
furr~~~1 As you sow so shall you reap.
jaisaa karoge vaisaa bharoge.
fi.l'3Q ~ fffi:J;p ~ ft:Rr ofH ~ I
A friend in need is a friend indeed.
mitter uhjehraa vele sir kamm aave.
No pains no gains.
sevaa bin mevaa nahccn.
Do well have well.
kar bhalaa ho bhalaa.
~ ~B'"aC8 ~I Union is strength.
eke vich barkat hai.
Hope sustains life.
jad tak saas tad tak aas.
~ ~ arHl Money makes the mare go.
daam banaa-e kaam.
While in Rome do as Romans do.
jaisaa des vaisaa bhes.
(112)

Barking dogs seldom bite.

gaiide ghatt he vassde.
~ ~ §"a' or<J I Where there is a will there is a way.
jitthe chaah othe raah.
~~~~ Tho of a trade seldom agree.
kutte daa kuttaa vairee.
Out of sight out of mind.
akkhtin. ohale manon ohale.
ftrq ~ Ft ffl:f I Silence is golden.
ik chupp sau sukh.

****
COMPOSITION
dtl6 I Rachnaa
 (114)

1JTO 71
i
((1) iJlf CJtl?iT Lekh Rachanaa

~~ t:!t 8 IEaacll
1

~ ~ ~ ~ #t 8'~S-aJl ~ I ft:u ~ cOO ~ Rftr3'

~ ftm ~ ftn:r8't ~ ~ 3" 'to ~ ~ ffi1r ~ un I fuR
~ cfui W ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ unl ~ . ~ ,
1l1Ia~Rc::i 3" RlfERi! 16 i ~ 3RJla i ~ 8c::OIit!11)ff ~ 'JO I
CfHOT ss'i\!11)ft ~ ~ ffi:rctt 3W ~ ~ ~ I
~8'~SdJl ~~u;;rrcr3'W~m')fft:u~
~ ~ ~ ~ unl ft:u f'<i!aEid ~ ~
'JOI 8 reSda'l ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~I
l fuR ~ 0fTCrn'
'JOfuqi '3 ~ 3" ~~ ~~ OTH ~ ~ unl fuu
~-omH l)fQWO 'J018irea~a'l ~ ~ 3 ~ ~
~ 9TOT ~I fuR ~~ ijwnT ~ 3 ~ ~ awS"
~~unl ,
~ ~8Irea~Jl ~ ~ ~ - . ~ ~I ft:u
~~~~~crcRt~~~~~­
~ ~ l)fTi!'3' ~ ~ I

****
<
 (115)

Lesson 71

Our School Library

Our school has a big library. It is situated in a spacious room

which is fitted with electric tubes and ceiling fans. Many mottoes
have been written on its walls. Pictures of famous writers, artists and
scientists are also hung. The room is tastefully decorated and
furnished.
There are more than twenty thousand books in our library.
They are put in big almirahs. They are arranged subject-wise. There
is a catalogue in the library. It contains cards on which the names of
books and their authors are written. They are arranged
alphabetically. There is a separate section for newspapers and
magazines in the library. It subscribes to ten daily newspapers and
twenty monthly magazines.
A good library is an essential part of a school. It supplements
the knowledge of students and inculcates the habit of self-study.

****
(116)

UT072

~
~ST03' ~ l{Mtr sft:rcJ ~ I ~ W ~ ft ~ J{t ~
~itt % ~ Rtl ~ ~ J{t Q ltfCJiiO ~ itt %
~ Rho ~ ~ijaia ~ nTH ~ feCi Ha ~
RtI~Q~~miff~~~IQJJitt%~
~ nTa feCi ~ 'g'ofto ~ Ht>Ht Htcr 3" ~ Rt I ~
E'W &TaT fiN 1919 ~ ~ ~ ~ %f5i1i' ~ ~
~ ~ UlTC!" oft3"r
Rt, ll'Jr i1t ~ I
~ ~ 3" i1t ElJ'IO, ~ !H3 llTCJ1\.rci, CJTmft ~
~ ~ ~ ~ fcJur ~J u4 1947 ~ ~ ~
h ~ ft!"J wn ~ ijJ'Eft I.~ ST03' lJif'aR3 i (,) ~ ~ ~
~I
l:fTBW ~, ~. ~. iff. ~, ffiICiTCft Hfuw ~, ffiICiTCft
~ J{t ~ CJTH ~ ~ !H3 W ~ ~ !H3 ~ C')'T(')cif ~
~61iii!a6t~Bfuo~~~RRQiiii!''U(')I~~
~ fi:\\t( ~ ~ CJTH &TaT nTH ~ ~ vrar ~ I ~ ~
~-0QTa~~~~~~HB¥~1
ucr h wa
ST03' 3" ft'cd #Q !H3 ~ wa
~ citmJn
~ !H3 ~ iii!TS vrar ~ Bfuo ~ lifT'3(JT ~ ~ 'U(') I

****
 (117)

lesson 72

AMRITSAR

Amritsar is a famous city oflndia. It was founded by the fourth

Guru of the Sikhs, Sri Guru Ram Das. The fifth Guru, Sri Guru AJjan
Dev built a temple named Harimander in the midst of Amritsar
tank. The temple is also known as Golden Temple. The Guru got its
foundation stone laid by a Muslim saint, Sain Mian Mir. The
Jallianwala Bagh, where the British General Dyre gruesomely killed
unarmed and peaceful Indians in 1919 is nearby.
Amritsar remained a centre of trade and industry and religious,
political and cultural activities since its inception. The glory
however, has waned after the partition of the country. It is near the
Indo·Pak Border.
Khalsa College, DAV College, Government College for Women,
Government and Sri Guru Ram Das Medical and Dental Colleges,
and Guru Nanak Dev University are the pride educational
institutions ofthe city. There is a beautiful garden called Ram Bagh,
built by Maharaja Ranjit Singh. Verka, a suburb of the city, is known
for its milk products.
Hundreds of people from all over India and many foreigners
come to visit the city of Golden Temple and Jallianwala Bagh daily.

****
(118)

1J1073

(~) d18E1'3 dtJ6'

~~ TW5 fcfor lDfu ~ it
~: ~ful:r~fW~~?
~: ~ ~ ~ gijJ3" fi:?uf ~ ~ ~ uf I
~: ~ l)fTlRT ~ fcior UFR e«R ~?
~: ~~UFR~ufl
~: ~~fom~~?
~: ~~~'3~~1
~: ~~~fclit~~?
~: ~~~~~~I
~: ~~~B1f~~~?
~: ~: forJo fi:?uf wi B1f ~ ~ I
~: ~~fWm~om~~?
~: wi~fWFfo~om~~1
~: eft ~ ~ fW 8Ifea"aJl~?
~: uf, H=a- ~ fW ~ 3'a'St 8 l fea"aJl ~ I
~: ~~fWim"-~m~?
~: H=a- ~ fW ~ im"-~ ~ I
~: eft~~~o:@~~1
~: uf, Ff1'aT ~ ~ ~ ~?tftw ~ ~ ~I
~: ~~~~eft~~?
~: l)ffiT ~ ~ ~ <JTcft ~ f¥l'3lt ~ I
~: ~ fcffi ft=o ~ ~ ~ UFR ~ I
~: uf!uf!~~1

****
 (119)

lesson 73

(B) DIALOGUE WRITING

How do you like yOUT school
Gurdeep: In which school do you read?
Anil: I read in Sardar Bahadar Bhagat Singh School.
Gurdeep: How do you like your school?
Anil: I like it very much.
Gur1eep: Where is your school situated?
Anil:' It is situated at Mohini Road.
Gurdeep: How is its building?
Anil: It has a big building.
Gurdeep: Who is the Headmaster of your school?
Anil: Sardar Kehar Singh is our Headmaster.
Gurdeep: How many teachers work in your school?
Anil: Sixty teachers work in my school.
Gurdeep: Is there a library in your school?
Anil: Yes, there is a big library in my school.
Gurdeep: How many play grounds are there in your school?
, Anil: There are two play-grounds in my school.
Gurdeep: Does your school show good results?
Anil: Yes, my school shows very good results every year.
Gurdeep: What are the other achievements of your school?
Anil: We won District Hockey Tournament this year.
Gurdeep: I would like to visit your school some day.
Anil: Very well! do come.

****
· (120)

lJTO 74

~ cfurr-c!or i[arcJr>f f?tT 9T(JT fW>rr

iJlW: ~ ott ~ ~-aor ~ oft3r Rt?
~: uf. iJlW ;:ft. l)fAi ~-aor ~ oft3r Rt I
iJlW: fu-~' oR' oft3r Rt?
~: ~~~oft3rRtI
~: ~ ~ oft3r Rt?
~: ~~.~. Rt. E. UTB" ~ oft3r Rt I
iJlW: ~ gldfi~'di %fuR ~ gror fsw Rt?
~: fuR ~ ~ gldfi~ldi % gror fsw Rtl
iJlW: ott ~ ?t feR ~ gror fsw Rt?
~: uf. ~ ?t fuR ~ gror fsw Rt I
iJlW: "? rom ~ ~ gror fsw Rt?
~: ~ taTQ- ~ gror fsw Rt I
iJlW: ~~~ ;;1u'2 ~ JludH8 i ~~
Hi")7
~: HI2~~~~JludH8i~~HOI
iJlW: ott ~ ~ ~ 3lffi't l3lm Rt?
~: ;:ft uf, ~~ 3lffi't l3lm Rt I
iJlW: ott ~ ~ fdur?
~: uf;:ft. ~~~ fdur I
iJlW: ott ~ ~ ftrntH ~?
~: ;:ft uf, H '2 ufc:Jw ftrntH ~ I
iJlW: t:IY3~!~1
~: ~~, iJlW ;:ft I

****
 (121)

lesson 74
I took part in the variety programme

Uncle: Did you hold a variety programme Gunchoo?

Gunchoo: Yes, Uncle! We held a variety programme.
Uncle: When was it held?
Gunchoo: It was held on last Sunday.
Unle: Where was it held?
Gunchoo: It was held at Y. M. C. A. haIl.
Uncle: How many participants took part in it?
Gunchoo: Fifty three participants took part in it.
Uncle: Did you take part in it also?
Gunchoo: Yes, I also took part in it.
Uncle: In which item did you take part?
Gunchoo: I took part in Giddhaa dance.
Uncle: How many rehearsals were you given by your teacher?
Gunchoo: We were given two rehearsals each.
Uncle: Were the arrangements of the programme satisfactory?
Gunchoo: Yes, they were very satisfactory.
Uncle: Was the programme a success?
Gunchoo: Yes, It was a grand success.
Uncle: Did you get any prize?
Gunchoo: Yes, we got first prize.
Uncle: Weldone! Congratulations.
Gunchoo: Thank you. uncle!

****
(122)

UTO 75

HQTO~:~~~?
11(!T : forarE 3 ~ ~ ut I
H' HQTO
HQTO ~ : cit ~ ~ a<R oj?
11(!T I: ut tft, H' ~ ~ ut I
HQTO ~ : ~ ~ ~ a<R oj?
11(!T : H'~. Rt. ~ ~ ~ ~ ut I

HQTO ~ : # fc;rEr ~ d'fue ~ oj?

11(!T :. H' ~ ftm' ~ d'fue ?TW ut I

HQTO ~ : ftru ~ ~ ~~?

11(!T :ftru~~~~1
HQTO }{THa : ~trftRla ~ ~?
11(!T : }faT trftRla Htr-"?OOft ~I
HQTO }{THa : cit ~ ~ ERT oj?
11(!T : ut tft, H' ~ ERT ut I
HQTO}{THa: ~m~uo?
11(!T : ~~~~uol
HQTO}{THa: ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ?
11(!T :H'~~~fuotit~~1
HQTO }{THa : cit # ft:a ~ ~ H<:ftor ~ "§ ~ oj?
11(!T : ut tft, H' ft:a ~ ~ H<:ftor ~ "§ ~

uti

****
 (123)

Lessol"l75

Hiring of a House

Landlord How come?

Man I hare come to hire a house.
Landlord Are you employed?
Man Yes, I am employed.
Landlord Where arc you employed?
Q
Man I am employed in D.C. Office.
Landlord Which place do you belong to?
Man I belong to village Thoba.
Landlord In which dirtrict is it situated?
Man It is situated in Amritsar dirtrict.
Landlord How is your family?
Man I belong to a middle class family.
Landlord Are you married?
Man Yes, I am married.
Landlord How many children have you?
Man I have two small children.
Landlord When will you bring your family?
Man I shall bring my family the very next day.
Landlord Are you ready to pay one thousand rupees per month?
Man Yes, I am ready to pay one thousand rupees per month.

****
(124)

~ :~.1fciir~~?
~:~~3'~uil
~ :fuufc;rn~~~1
~ : fuu QJd€IRya ~ ~ ~ I
~ : 3-at fch:t ~ ~?
~:~21~~uil
~ : 3-at ~ eft ~?
~ : ~ ufJg ~ ~ "Itt. ~. lITH cftit ~ I
~ : 'jij"~~?
~ : H'~.~.~. ~cftit~1
~ : 30r fu3r eft ciH cm:r ~?
~:~~(JOI
~ : eft 30r ~ ofl€9otl faF.l3€ld "!if ~ ~ cm:r~?
~ : ui tft, ~ fu3r tft ~'ikll~'c a'lc'fEd ~ (JO ~ HOT
~ gar 0flJ3T0 ~ ~ e«r ftrUT ~ I
~ : 30r F.tor eft ~?
~ : W8" 1ifT3OT e«ro't ~ l.@'I;Jf 3 ~~ F.tor (JO I
~ :1"!if~~fcrtr~~~
~ : ~ ~ -ea ~ ~ e«ro't ffiRr ui I
****
 (125)

Lesson 76

I want to service My country

Officer : Where do you come from, my boy?

Youngman : I come from Bhumbli.
Officer : In which district is it?
Youngman: It is in Gurdaspur district.
officer : How old are you?
Youngman : I am twenty one years old.
Officer : What is your qualification?
Youngman : I have passed B.A. in first division.
officer : Any other qualification?
Youngman: I have done N.C.C. also.
Officer : What is your father?
Youngman : He is a doctor.
Officer : Do any of your close relative serve in the army?
Youngman : Yes Sir, my father retired as lieutenant and my elder
brother is serving as captain.
Officer : What is your hobby?
Youngman : Trekking and mountaineering are my hobbies.
Officer : Why do you want to join the army?
Youngman : I want to serve my country, Sir.

****
(126)

(e-) ftJ6'1""t 3' ~

~ H7)}f ft=o '3" ~ ~ = ~ *
786, H3T Mur O<ffil',
~I
2~, 2000
~~HmE,

~fu"J wea lfift~fa Hor11OHfun 14 ~~~I

~ }fT3T fu3r % ~ ~ ~ ~-tfI}f ~ ~ ~ ~
of8r ~ I fEa" ~-tll'Cl'it ~ I ~ OfT<! ~ ~ ?t ~ I
~ ~ }f;:r }rg ~ WH ~ I ~ wg ~, seFii1\:!d 3
ffi:Je ?t »fT ~ 'JO I ~ ~ '3 ~ FI:II:13€ld ?t ~ I ~ ~
-e-HTli~~~I~~~fa~~~~J:tT}ffi"
"Ja~~~~~1
fi.!uas i61 m~~IH'3lsaai ~3at~c;rntarr1
W l;fg!ijaOl,

****
 (127)

Lesson 77
(C) LETTERS AND APPLICATIONS
Inviting your friend to your birthday party

786, Mota Si!1gh Nagar,

Jalandhar~

January 2, 2000.
My dear Manjot.

You will be glad to know that my birthday falls on 14th January.

My parents have decided to celebrate it on a grand scale this time.
There will be a tea party. There will also be a programme of dance
and music. I t will be an evening of great fun. Our common friends,
Balwinder and Sohan are also coming. My relatives will be present
on this occasion. You will enjoy their company. I hope you will
certainly join the celebration and share our joys.
Please do come. I shall eagerly await yqur arrival.

Yours sincerely,
Bhupinder

****
(128)

UTO 78

- ~ 7)'l'(')Ci
UCTWI
OCIICI'.

27~1999.
-
H=a ~ fi:f3<J ~,
m3 ~ ~I ~ ~ ~ f\aT tft ~ l13a 3' \J3T
~ ~ ~ ~ wsft JW:I ~ ~ ~ >Hlit1d1dlde<l orcR" ~ ~ >d
~~~~~~I~~~Mmrr3~~
~~ ~ are
~I fuy ri ~ ~ ~ ~I ~iffi1R ~
~ ~ fW fa!? ~ rft 3 S1C!" nf\:l'qt ~ furi"
we!" #aT l& ~ I ~ }{T3'T f\aT rio ~ ~ m') I ~ ~
m fW HTf\j))ff ~ ~ ~ un I Heft lffi I t:ft Has f3J,{Tar
~1~~tit~~I~?i~3'~~>d
~~~~I
~~~~Heft~~~re-w>d~~
~~~I
~ $it tffEn ~ Q'T}f1)T Hfu3,
~~gMaQ(,
Cjlj 8 tfla ftful

****
 (129)

Lesson 78

Inspire a friend for study and hardwork.

Guru Nanak Nagar,

Batala
January 27,1999.
My dear friend Harmanjit,

Sat Siri Aka!. I have come to know from a letter from your
respected father today that you have fallen in bad company, loafer
abou't aimlessly and are not caring tor your study. As a result you
have failed in 9th class examination. It is very sad. You were counted
as a bright students of your class. Now you are considered as a
useless person. Your parents live in great tension. Children are the
mainstay ,of their parents in their old age. Agree with me. Eschew
bad company. Work hard as before. Relieve your parents of the
tension and have their blessings.
I hope you will take care of my advice and show good results in
future.
Wishing you a good life.

Yours sincerely,
Kuljit Singh

****
(130)

l..JlO 79

5, O<!lfto lfTifOT,
~I
6 l-fT'd"e", 2000.

F{t HTO ttl,

~ orB't ~ aRt {} I fuJ ~ ~ W 000l" {} I ft:H/~
~ ~ ~ 'JO I fuJ ~ tm ~ ~ of<:R 'JO I orB't ~ ofer
tm ~ ~ {} I orB't ~ ~ ~ liEfcm {} I ~ Hii:o
~ ill) I A ' 6 ~ {} fa" fu'3 ~ or ~ tR I
orB't ~ ~ a~lR::!el t'i<tt' ~I <N3 ~ ~ ~
~ {}, ~ orB't ~ t'i<tt' ~I ~}a 3ltcs ~ {} 3
fl::rarac l.1Rr ~ {} I l1iW €Iff ~ oret ~ ~ {} uo ~
~ ~ t'i<tt'l
l)fTU ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ofutt ~ {} I foraur

~w~~~~;:rt~~~1
~Hfu3,

l)fl1.! ~ ~ F.t ~ I A tfT3O,

<Jfu ttl mr- I

****
 (131)

Lesson 79

Regarding Insanitary Condition of the locality.

5, Ranbh Marg,
Patiala.
March 6, 2000
To
The Mayor,
Municipal Corporation, Patiala.
Sir,

Our locality is very dirty. It is a hell on earth. It is full of pits.

These pits are full of water. Dirty water flows in the street. It is
difficult to move about. There are mosquitoes also. We fear lest
malarhishould break out.
The sweeper of the street is not regular. He comes once a week.
He does not clean the street. He sits in the corner. He smokes. We
have advi~ed him many times, but he does not listen.
You are requested to look into the matter. Please set the sweeper
rig"t or transfer him.
Thanking you,

Yours faithfully,
Har J ee Kalha

****
(132)

filiI 3' iJTOr; }j I (S ill <OJ 8 0lW,

fucr~1
10~.2000.

tf.t )flO -;:ft,

%" lJ3'T 5"aTr ~ ~ WU ~ ~ ~ Cffidiif ~ l:{f ~ ~ I
}r flH m!t ~ wu ~ i:m ~ c:ft I
}r l.1trra ~ ~ ~ 3' 1999 futr trf<rg ~ futr 10+2
~ ~ ·lfTH ott3't ~ I }r ~ 3' ~ ~ CTe'tu ~ c:ft i
Hdt Fll..f@ ~ CTe'tu ktr 60 ~ ~ futr 50 ~I}r~
~ ~ ~ c:ft ~ 1998 ktr }r fucr ~ futr war
~ 11't1
H' 19 wg ~ ~ c:ft I H<ft fffiB B'oft ~ I }r W ~
~ ()Tg mfq OCRT c:ft I ~ ~ ~ fW,fr tiT? ~ H' ~ ~
»1f\:lo(ld'!1)ft "§ ~ ~ 3 ~ ()Tg ~ ~ I
~Rfu3,

****
 (133)

LESSON8D

Application for the post of a clerk.

V. & p.o. Manochahal Kalan,

Distt. Amritsar.
July 10, 2000.
To
The Deputy Commissioner,
Amritsar.
Sir,

I have come to know that a post of clerk is lying vacant in your

office. I beg to offer myself for this post.
I passed 10+2 examination from Punjab School Education
Board in 1999 securing first division. I know type-writing in English
and Punjabi. My speed in English type-writing is 60, and that of
Punjabi is 50. I am a good player of football and I took" part in
district tournament in 1998.
I am a young man of 19. I have it sound health. I belong to a
respectable family. If I am selected, I shall satify my seniors with
my work and conduct.
Thanking y~u,

Yours faithfully,
Rajinder Pal Singh.

****
"
(134)

l..fTO 81
fOl3/a; er ~ ~
1288, Frcr.ca 23-B,
~I
12~, 2000

~ W'e't tr30 ft:rul ;:tWo ft:rul

~I

~~ }fl7) ;:ft,

faour ~ ~ ~ ~ fcG"rat ~ ~ ~ Wlit ?t.ut.ut

CJTdt' ~ ~ ~ ~:-
9. ;:tWo »l0l H ~d ~ ~ t1;:r"dt iffio ft{. ~ ft:rul
~. ;:tWo »lOlH~d~ fEdlF8F.1 ~OIF.1(,)cft iP. l)ftft3 ft:rul »lmc
a.orH~~ iP. ~ft:rul
H. ~F.ftiR iP. If! d iI d(') ft:rul »lmc
1.l.~F8~
E.~~~

~ 8grt3'301,
01H ft:rul
 (135)

Lesson 81

Ordering Books
1288, Sector 23·B,
Chandigarh.
12 January, 2000
To
MIS Bhai Chattar Singh Jiwan Singh,
Amritsar.
Dear Sirs,

Kindly send me one copy of ea~h of the following books per

Y.P.o. per return of post:-
1. Jiwan Oxford Engish Punjabi Teacher
2. Jiwan Oxford English Dictionary
3. Naame de Vadiaa-ee
4. Shromanee Shaheed
5. Sunoh Sant Piaare
6. Panjabi English Dictionary
Prin. Santokh Singh
Dr. Ajit Singh Aulakh
Dr. Inderpal Singh
Dr. Gurcharan Singh Aulakh
Gy. Hardev Singh Garib
• Dr. Kulbir Singh Kaang

Yours Truly,
Ram Singh

****
(136)

1JTO 82

(F1) Old i<tl dtJ6 i

ft:q ~ ft:q 80(~<Jldl Fft I ft:q ~ ~ ~ ck fd<Jr Fft I

~~~cre'3FftI~~~~~~
ftfur m.ft I ~ ~ HoT ~ I
~ ~ ~ l{OTC <Jft;w I 80(~<J1~ ~ ~ ~ ~~­
9d't ~ gere't I ~ ~ ~ '3" 30FT l)fT fdTl)fT I ~ ~ ~
~ #t l-fTift I ~ ft:q ~ ~ ore ~ I 80(~<Ji~ ~
fu(JT~~~~ntit~1
~~~~fuo~l-fTiftI~~~~~
('5Tg W<JO ~I 80(~<J1~ ~ ~ or &It I ~ ~ 5J ~
~ ore a ~ I 80(~<Jldl ~ ~?cr ~ <Jft;w I
~ ~~ ~ '3" l{Ro <Jft;w I ~ ~ 80(~<J1~ ~ m
~~~I

fffcr: ~ 1=& "3' ~ ?i'tift ~ I

****
 (137)

Lesson 82
(D) Story Writing

The God Mercury And The Woodcutter

Once therc was a woodcutter. One da·y he was cutting down a
tree. The trcc was on the bank of a river. By chance his axe fell into
the river. lie began to weap.
The god mercury appeared there. The woodcutter told him his
sad story. The god took pity on him. He dived into the river. He
brought out a golden axe. The woodcutter said that it was not his
axe.
The god dived again into the water. This time he came out with
a silver axe. The woodcutter did not take it. The god then brought
out the iron axe. The woodcutter was happy to see his axe. The god
was pleased at hi!! honesty. He gave all the three axes to the
woodcutter.

Moral: Honesty is the best policy.

****
(138)

UTO 83
~ P.rr(,)-=iit~'d"7""('j

ft:rut ~ ~~ ~
ft:fu! tft ~ ffifT ~ ~ ~ ~
wi} ~ 38cidi
ofJa I ~ tft ~ ~ ~ HH' ~ ~
~"ifgr ~ ffirrr, "~, ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ 3f
~~tH?')T8"~~a6IQ~~A(:J1~31 0f00~
~ ~ ~ I ~ tr8"?TO ~ ~ ~ f1TO ?TaO ~ fRT
f3l)fTO ~ "J6" I" ~ tft % ~ for ~ "ifgr ~ 8d Q IC;iP 6
ft:fl:f ~, ft:Fr ~ ~ ~ W ~ ?t ~ I ~ Fffir ft:fl:f oJl'
~ I ~;:ft ag, 'mff oJl'~, ~ ~ ~ ~ 3f ~
~I"
~ fun ~ ft:fl:f % ~ m
~ ~ tft ~ ~ k oft3't I
~ tft %~ ~ ~ m:ft ~ ~ ~~, 'Wtft~,
~ ~ ft:Nrtit ~, ~. ~ fcmw UQl:f ~ ~ I" ~ %
~~~~~I~~~Rt, 'Ad~ldr, tfur~
B:r6" HOO ~ (jfg <To ~ ~ I ~ ~ ~?"
~Be~~tft%~~~~~I~~~
ft:fl:f ~ m> 1 watt ~-~ m:ft ~ ~ m> I ~ ~
<it ~ ft:fl:f ~ ~ ~ fcmw ~ m:ft ~ ~ ~ ,,:rat oJ~
'"
~ m:ft ~ -gar I ~ tft %~ ~~ ~ ~ illB't
~ ~ fl::rai 3' Bwr ~ I
~~ ~~"ifgr ~~ HOfi.Rr ~I ~~ ~
~ oJ furl)fT Rtf ~ tft~ U"at ~ MIT ~ ~ % t8" ~I
"ifgr ¥ Fffir ft:fl:f ~ ~ Rt I

****
 (139)

Lesson 83
Vanishing Vanity

The tenth Guru of the Sikhs, Sri Guru Gobind Singh stayed for
some time at Sabo Ki Talwandi in the territory held by Dalla.
Expressing sympathy over the hard time faced by the Guru, Dalla
said, "0 Lord! Had you remembered me, I might have helped easing
the circumstances. My mighty and brave soldiers are· always ready
to lay down their lives." The Guru noted that although Dalla was a
devout Sikh, there was still a little bit of vanity in him. He had not
become a true disciple (Sikh). The Guru replied, "Don't worry, Dalla.
We shall see to it if occasion arises next time."
One day a Sikh brought a new gun to present it to the Guru. The
Guru took the gun in his hands and asked Dalla, "Bhai Dalla, send
for a soldier of yours. Let us test the aim of the gun." Dalla ordered
his soldiers. They replied, "To fight and die in the war is another
thing. Why to die without any reason?"
Hearing this the Guru sent message to his camp. There were
only two Sikhs in the camp. Others had gone out for war-practices.
Hearing the call both of them came running and vied with each
other for the aim. The Guru made them stand side by side and fired
much above their heads.
Seeing this feat, Dalla was astonished and felt ashamed. His
vanity had vanished. He fell upon the feet of the Guru and begged
pardon. Dalla .had become a true disciple now.

****
(140)

fua ~ ~ )jHIDfTO ~ ~ 3' ~ ~ 908t ~ fo<JT

Rt I ~ ~ ~ ~ ffi.ft ~ Rt I fua ~ €IJ (')HTtT 1.r.fO
?TR3 ~ ~ 3" ~ ~ fo<JT Rt for ~ ~ ~ ~
~HuftI~~~~~7)TgWfo<JTRtIGOtto~~~
~ a ~ ~ ~ cc10 ottft, 'WW 3(ft ~ ~ ~ for Ha ~
~ US?"
= . GOtto ;:ft ~ ~ ~ 7)Tg ~ , '1:fhtt, 3(ft fuR ~
~ ~ ~~ otil'~ ~I m-rt ~:rt ~ ~I"
m.ft ~ Bw are I 05 llfTeft orcft ~ tr orcft I GOtto ;:ft f\ra1:r
tr are 3" '8tHra ~ H-a't I ~ m-rt ~ ~ we a ~ ~
~~lf3Toft3rl~~~RtNfor€IJ~~~tr
orcft Fft I GOtto ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ I ~ ~ ~ 3" GOtto ;:ft
orfue ffi1r, '1:fhtt ~ W~ ~ ~ ~ l)fu ~ ffiJTT ~ I ~
~~~~Ho't~~~I"
€IJ ~ ~ 3tft q018013 i 7)Tg afJe~, 'WW ;:ft, fuu
~ 3i ~ W ~ ~ ~ Fft I l)fu 30f ~ ~ ottft?'·
'1:fhtt W H' ~ otil' W ~ R"Ol"e' I ~ ~ }f(5" ~ ~
lf3T otil'. ~ gaTJ lJ w? 3" ~ ~ tTOT ffiJT HTP I l)fu tR' for
a
Hor },B m-rt w ftnl)fT ~, ~ ~ ~ ~ tlT fo<JT ~ I fuR
ffift l)fu ~ cntr R"Ol"e' ~ for Ho't ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~
~," ~ <:ft GOtto ;:ft fuR GTO't RWd d ~ ~ I are
****
 (141)

Lesson 84

A Muslim Saint and the Lewd Woman

A Muslim Saint was, once, meditating at a little distance from

the human habitat. He had a beautiful long beard. One day while he
was making ablution for the Namaz at the nearby well, a lewd woman
passed that way. She had a dog following her. Seeing the beard of the
saint she remarked sarcastically, "Old man, which is better? Your
beard or my dog's tail?" The saint spoke very politely, "Sister, I
can't answer your question now. If time permits I shall surely give
you the reply."
Many years passed. The talk fell into oblivision. The saint
became old and maintain~d ill-health. Knowing that his end had
come, he enquired about the woman. She was still living, although
she had also grown old. The saint sent for her. When she came, he
said, "Sister, I am going to answer your that question of yore. My
beard is better than the tail of your dog."
Surprised, she asked keenly, "Sir, you could have given this
answer at that time. Why did you wait till today?"
"Sister, I could not answer the question then. Who knows about
a person's mind as to when it goes astray and there is a blot 'Oft his
" a blotless
beard. Today when my end has come, I am going with
beard. Hence I can say today that my beard is better than your dog's
tail," saying the saint departed, from this mortal world.

****
(142)

UTO 85

~ "i5ar
~~ Fft I Fl';:re ~ l)fdCr ~ ~ I ua ~ forFr ~
()TH Fl';:re
~ otil'FftI ~ ~ ~ ~ Fftl ~ ~ ~ ~~ Hot
~ UfO ~ 6 fbde I, Fl';:re ~ ~ ~ ful)fT ~ }flO ful)fT
~, ~ ~ J=lTOT ~ ~ ~ llG ~ ~ ~ ~ B"c ful)fT ~
Fftl
~ U5H ?t IDft W30T ~ ~ OTOOT ~ ttl ~
ffi8 Fl';:re ~ UfO QT3" ~ ~ I ~ ~ ora ~ ~ ~ }flO
~~~~~~~,~,)n:ft~ ~ ~ ~
~lfl80r0~~~I~%~ttl~17HJlfle3 ~~
ttl ~ ~I~ fWre5 ~ ~ ~ ttl % Fl';:re
~ l.JTlit ~ ~ ~ tit 9tu fBl)fT Fft I
ora ~ Fl';:re ~ ttl ~ oM ~ ~ ~ }fTO"k?t ~
~ ~ ?TO ftww ~ va ?TO ~ % ~ ttl ~ HCl'W% ~
~ W?t ~ ~ Jfuft3 3 mR ofta'3o ~ ~ I l@-
~ ~ Fl';:re ~ ttl ?t lrnr ~ lJOHT3)fT ?t ~
~ llG ~ ~ l)fdCr 3 W? ~ ~ oJ ftww Fft I ~ ~
ttl ~ ~ '3 ft1ar ~ llG. ~ ~ ~ ;;rrcr ;;rro:.~ I
oro *
-= ttl % Fl';:re = fuwRr ~ llG ~ ~ ~ - - €T<J
-
~ ~ ~ W ufu.fTO~, ~ ~ 0T53 ~
~ asJe i ~~"k~tit~3f~~~~lj;r~9OHT

()T ~I
Fl';:re % ~ ~ ~ 0Tiftef 3 asJe i ~ ~ ~,
., ~ ttl ~ ft:fu ~ ftww llG ~ UfO ~ tmfR1W ~
oft3lt I ffife, 60r otil' Fft fO<JT I ~ ~ ft:or W ~ Fft I
****
 (143)

Lesson 85

liiajjan, The Thug

His name was Sajjan. Sajjan means a friend. But he was nobody's
friend. He was actually a Thug. Whosoever stayed at ~~ inn-like
house, Sajjan used to kill him in sleep, take all his things and throw
him in the well.
During his long travells to the west, Guru Nanak Dev alongwith
Mardana stayed for the night at Sajjan's abode. Thinking that he
would get a good fortune after killing the Guru in the night, Sajjan
was glad to have such a majestic personality as his guest. He
welcomed the Guru extremely artfully. By his sublime perception
the Guru saw at the very first glance the wicked in Sajjan.
During the night Sajjan went many a times to Guru's room with
the intention to kill him. But each time he saw the Guru singing
hymns at the tune of Rabab being played by Mardana. By dawn
Sajjan was impressed by the dauntless devotion of the Guru to the
Lord Almighty as also the meaning and spirit of the songs. Sajjan
fell upon the feet of the Guru and wept bitterly for his sins.
The Guru soothed Sajjan and told him that since he was
sorrowful for his past designs, the true contritiol! lies in giving away
the ill-earned wealth to the needy so that it might not allure him
again.
Sajjan distributed all his wealth among the poor and the needy,
became a Sikh of the Guru and established a Dharamsala. Saiian was
no more a Thug. He was now a true friend.

****
'r- .J144)

#J ft::r?r £fa Hftr ~

~
. ,". " , ~II
IN ortJ)-{() ~ 0-
0- ~
I
>1ffa if Hff HTfe' ~
fcr>Rt! '. ~ >HTtRft tf8 ctcr/l
c ~ ttnr ~ ~ tit }f?) c1
fro wmJ "Jfj QJO :If} ~/1
Hff W? ott ~ ~ ~
11B tltao:p,~ ~ >-rtrll ~~q II
Rmr apr, t1'7;T 99)

Grant me a boon, 0 God!

I should not deflect from good deeds.
I should have no feur while fighting
against the enemy,
And must win with determination.
I should educate myself about high
values oj liJe,
Have keen desire to always sing your praise,
And when the end comes, should die fighting
in the battle field.

(Dasam Granth, page 99)

****