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Lecture 8 PDF
Lecture 8 PDF
Lecture 8 PDF
Lecture 8
First Law of
Thermo -Energy
Equation
Department of Mechanical Engineering MEHB223
Mechanics of Fluids 1: Lecture 8: First Law of Thermo -Energy Equation
Chapter Summary
n Review of 1st Law of Thermodynamics
n Derivation of the Energy Equation in CV
n Steady Flow Energy Equation
n Incompressible Flow in a Single Pipeline
n Bernoulli Equation Revisited
n Kinetic Energy Correction Factor
n Application of Energy, Momentum and Continuity
Equation in Combination
n Concept of Hydraulic and Energy Grade Line
Department of Mechanical Engineering MEHB223
Mechanics of Fluids 1: Lecture 8: First Law of Thermo -Energy Equation
n Where :
Department of Mechanical Engineering MEHB223
Mechanics of Fluids 1: Lecture 8: First Law of Thermo -Energy Equation
n So the General EE :
Department of Mechanical Engineering MEHB223
Mechanics of Fluids 1: Lecture 8: First Law of Thermo -Energy Equation
P2, V2, u2
P1, V1, u1
1 Pump
n Applying SFEE :
Department of Mechanical Engineering MEHB223
Mechanics of Fluids 1: Lecture 8: First Law of Thermo -Energy Equation
n Rearranging :
Department of Mechanical Engineering MEHB223
Mechanics of Fluids 1: Lecture 8: First Law of Thermo -Energy Equation
n Where :
Department of Mechanical Engineering MEHB223
Mechanics of Fluids 1: Lecture 8: First Law of Thermo -Energy Equation
Example 1
A pump draws water through a
20-cm pipe and discharges it
through a 15-cm pipe in which
the velocity is 5 m/s. The 15-cm
pipe discharges horizontally
into air at point C. To what
height h above the water
surface at A can the water be
raised if 35 kW is delivered to
the pump? Assume that the
pump operates at 70%
efficiency and that the head loss
in the pipe between A and C is
equal to 2Vc2/2g.
Department of Mechanical Engineering MEHB223
Mechanics of Fluids 1: Lecture 8: First Law of Thermo -Energy Equation
n So :
Example 2
Example 3
In this system, d = 25 cm, D = 40 cm and the head loss from the venturi
meter to the end of the pipe is given by hL = 0.9V2/2g, where V is the
velocity in the pipe. Neglecting all other head losses, determine what
head, H will first initiate cavitation if the atmospheric pressure is 100
kPa. What will be the discharge at incipient cavitation ?
Department of Mechanical Engineering MEHB223
Mechanics of Fluids 1: Lecture 8: First Law of Thermo -Energy Equation
n MCE :
n FME :
Department of Mechanical Engineering MEHB223
Mechanics of Fluids 1: Lecture 8: First Law of Thermo -Energy Equation
n EE :
n Combining :
Water flows in a bend at a rate of 5 m3/s and the pressure at the inlet is
650 kPa. If the head loss in the bend is 10m, what will the pressure be
at the outlet of the bend? Estimate the force of the anchor block on the
bend in the x direction to hold the bend in place.
Department of Mechanical Engineering MEHB223
Mechanics of Fluids 1: Lecture 8: First Law of Thermo -Energy Equation
n EGL (Energy Grade Line) gives the locus of Total Head along
the pipe as measured by total pressure probe
n HGL (Hydraulic Grade Line) gives the locus of Piezometric
Head along the pipe as measured by a piezometer
Department of Mechanical Engineering MEHB223
Mechanics of Fluids 1: Lecture 8: First Law of Thermo -Energy Equation
Example 4
Sketch the EGL and HGL for the above pipe system.
Department of Mechanical Engineering MEHB223
Mechanics of Fluids 1: Lecture 8: First Law of Thermo -Energy Equation
Example 5
(1) Indicate which is HGL and which is EGL (2) Are all pipes are of the
same size? If not which one is smaller? (3) Is there any region in pipe
where pressure is below atmospheric (4) Where is the maximum
pressure (5)Where is the minimum pressure (6) What do u think located
at the end of the pipe (7) What do u think located at point B? (8) Is the
pressure of the air in the tank above or below atmospheric?
Department of Mechanical Engineering MEHB223
Mechanics of Fluids 1: Lecture 8: First Law of Thermo -Energy Equation
End of Lecture 8