THERMODYNAMIC STUDY ON VAPOUR-LIQUID

EQUILIBRIUM OF TOLUENE and SEVERAL

TYPES OF OIL AS ABSORBENT
Hendriyana, Suhartono and Herri Susanto
Chemical Engineering Department
Bandung Technology Institute
Indonesia

RSCE 2009
Manila, Dec. 1-2 2009
1
Background

 Corn cob gasification : 1,5 kg/h  1 kW

 Clean gas very critical
 Tar content on the gas 50 mg/L

2
Objective
 Selection of the best solvent based on Henry’s
constant
 Predicted theory of Henry’s constants by UNIFAC-
Free Volume

1.Non condensable gas : air

Vapour Phase
2. Condensable : tar (toluene, benzene & phenol)

Liquid Phase 1.water

2. Oils : Sunflower oil, palm oil, lubrication oil

3
Thermodynamic Background
 Solubility of gas in liquid may be expressed as follows:
Eq. 1
 The dimensionless constant H* defined by M.-D.
Vuong, et.al. with following equation:
Eq. 2
 Typical values of Henry’s constant for toluene in
several solvents are presented in
Solvent H (atm/weight frac.) 1/H * (dimensionless)
Equation 1 Equation 2
Di-(2-ethyl)hexyladipate (DEHA) 0.0794 2821
n-Heksadecane 0.1894 990
Oley alcohol (70%) 0.1324 1637
Water 60.8695 4

4
UNIFAC
UNIFAC--FV
 The weight fraction Henry’s constant can be estimated
based on the UNIFAC-FV model (Oishi & Prausnitz,1978)
with presented by following expression:

where
Solvent C1 b
alkanes 1.00 1.32
Water 1.00 1.18
Various organic compounds 1.00 1.40

5
UNIFAC
UNIFAC--FV
Conventional data from UNIFAC

where

The group residual activity coefficient

where

6
Pseudo-
Pseudo-Component
 One of the problems to solve when a thermodynamic
model is applied to sunflower oil, palm oil and
lubrication oil, are the representation of the oil chemical
structure.

1. Palmitodioelin

Oil representated 2. Eicosan

3. Pseudo-component

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Pseudo-
Pseudo-Component (continued)
The values of m and n can be calculated by the following
equation:

Oil Sunflower oil Palm oil Lubrication oil

Palmitodiolein -  -
Eicosan - - 
Pseudo-component   -

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Results & Discussion
experimental

 Saturated at 800 menit

Absorbent
Air Toluene

Absorption column 9
 Results & Discussion
experimental & prediction
 Free volume parameter C1 and b using from literature data
(mentioned in slide 5)
System H exp. H literature H UNIFAC-FV
(atm/ weight frac.) (atm/weight (atm/weight frac.)
frac.)
(1) (2) 303 K 333 K 298 K 298 K 303 K 333 K
Sunflower Oil 1.468 1.525 - - 0.095 0.379
(pseudo- triacylglyseride)
Palm Oil 1.277 1.353 - - 0.130 0.444
(pseudo- triacylglyseride)
Palm oil (palmitodiolein) 1.277 1.353 0.145 0.484
Lubrication Oil (eicosan) 1.086 1.122 - - 0.672 0.903
Toluene water 19.650 35.560 60.869 [1] 59.2 74.828 227
heksadecane - - 0.189 [1] 0.102 0.134 0.560
oley alcohol (70%) - - 0.132 [1] 0.326 0.437 2.055

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 Results & Discussion
System C1 b
(1) (2) 298 K 303 K 333 K 298 K 303 K 333 K
Sunflower Oil - 2.003 2.016 - 1.929 1.956
Toluene (pseudo- triacylglyseride)
Palm Oil (pseudo- triacylglyseride) - 1.006 1.029 - 1.968 2.060
Palm Oil (palmitodiolein) - 1.014 1.040 - 1.974 2.071
Lubrication Oil (eicosan) - 1.298 1.311 - 1.315 1.408
water 1.005 - - 1.181 - -
heksadecane 1.047 - - 1.636 - -
oley alcohol (100%) 0.999 - - 1.259 - -

System H exp & literature H UNIFAC

(1) (2) 298 K 303 K 333 K 298 K 303 K 333 K
Sunflower Oil - 1.468 1.525 - 1.468 1.525
Toluene (pseudo- triacylglyseride)
Palm Oil (pseudo- triacylglyseride) - 1.277 1.353 - 1.277 1.353
Palm Oil (palmitodiolein) 1.277 1.353 - 1.277 1.353
Lubrication Oil (eicosan) - 1.086 1.122 - 1.086 1.122
water 60.869 - - 60.869 - -
heksadecane 0.189 - - 0.189 - -
oley alcohol (100%) 0.132 - - 0.132 - - 11
Conclusions
 Lubrication oil as the best solvent with value of H is 1.086 and
1.122 for 30 oC and 60 oC, respectively
 New C1 and b parameter of free volume of toluene in the system
is:
Solvent C1 b
298 K 303 K 333 K 298 K 303 K 333 K
Sunflower Oil - 2.003 2.016 - 1.929 1.956
(pseudo- triacylglyseride)
Palm Oil (pseudo- triacylglyseride) - 1.006 1.029 - 1.968 2.060
Palm Oil (palmitodiolein) - 1.014 1.040 - 1.974 2.071
Lubrication Oil (eicosan) - 1.298 1.311 - 1.315 1.408
water 1.005 - - 1.181 - -

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ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
This work has been accomplished with the
financial support of Tanoto Foundation

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