Experiment III
FEEDBACK AMPLIFIER
Paulus B. Siahaan (14S16016)
Date : 08/11/2018
[ELS3102] [Praktikum Elektronika II]
[Laboratorium Dasar Teknik Elektro] – Teknik Elektro
Institut Teknologi Del
Abstract: In module 3 practicum entitled
"Amplifiers with Feedback", a number of
experiments will be conducted including the
general response of the opamp circuit with
feedback during low pass filters and high pass
filters, linearity of the opamp circuit with feedback,
and transistor amplifiers with feedback. After
practicum, the practitioner is expected to be able to
observe and recognize the principle of feedback in
the circuit, observe, measure, and analyze the
feedback effects on the pole frequency of first order
low frequency filters and high frequency filters,
observe and analyze the feedback effects in circuits
with saturation distortion , observing and
recognizing how to provide feedback on one
transistor amplifier, and observing, measuring,
and analyzing feedback effects on amplifier
characteristics: input resistance, output resistance,
and gain. The components used are feedback lab
kits, generatot signals, oscilloscopes, multimeters,
regulated power supplies (2bh), and cables and
measurement accessories.
Keywords: low pass filter, high pass filter, feedback
amplifier, pole frequency
I. INTRODUCTION
The purpose of the practicum:
The objectives of module 3 practicum include:
1. Observe and recognize the principle of feedback
in the sequence.
2. Observe, measure, and analyze the feedback
effect on pole frequency first order series of
low frequency filters and high frequency
filters.
3. Observe and analyze the feedback effect in a
series with saturation distortion.
4. Observe and recognize how to give a feedback
amplifier to one transistor amplifier.
5. Observe, measure, and analyze the feedback
effects on amplifier characteristics: input resistance
and gain.
Components and equipment
a. Feedback Practicum Kit
b. Signal Generator
c. Oscilloscope
d. Multimeter
e. Regulated Power Supply (2 pcs)
f. Cable and measurement accessories
II. THEORETICAL FOUNDATION
A. Feedback System
Open loop systems are very susceptible to external
interference. No matter how much accuracy the
system will produce poor output when disturbances
such as noise enter the system, for example mixed
with input. To obtain a system that is better used
feedback. At this point the output is returned to the
input to see the difference between the expected
reference. The system with this feedback is shown in
Figure 1 below.
Figure 1 General block diagram of the system
with Feedback
In the graph G (s) is the forward transfer function of
the system, H (s) the feedback transfer function, X (s)
the reference input signal for the system, Y (s) the
output signal is obtained, and (s) the difference in the and Output Resistance
output signal with reference or error (error). Overall
the system with this feedback will give the transfer
function Gf (s) as in the following equation:

For systems like him, both G (s) and H (s) can be

complex functions or simple functions. Systems with
complex functions are part of the study of the control
field.

In the field of electronic systems, feedback is widely

used in amplifiers and filters. Such a system uses the
functions G (s) and H (s) which tend to be simpler.
B. Generic Respons of Differential Ampifier
For amplifiers with feedback, G (s) is a strengthening
function A. The feedback transfer function H (s) is a
scalar function. Amplified signals in electronics can
be either voltage or current. The signal representation
can be expressed by Thevenin or Norton Circuits. For
amplifiers with feedback, there are four possible
types of amplifiers, namely: voltage amplifier,
current amplifier, transconducting amplifier, and
transceiver amplifier. Table 1 shows the feedback
effect on strengthening the input and output
resistance of the entire configuration.

Table 1 Feedback Effect on Amplifiers and Input

To be able to use the equation above, the

configuration needs to be recognized by the
configuration. The relationship series adds or stresses
the input and prints the current at the output. The
shunt relationship increases or decreases the current
in the input and prints the voltage at the output.
C. Frequency Respons of Feedback Amplifier
Naturally, each amplifier has reinforcement at a
limited frequency. This behavior is often modeled
with first order, for example for a low frequency
filter response (LPF) one pole, the amplifier transfer
function can be written as in the following equation:
In such cases the transfer function equation for the
amplifier with scalar feedback will give the overall
gain of Af (s) as in the following equation.
From the above equation it can be seen that in the
amplifier of first-order LPF with feedback, the gain
will scale down by (1 + Am) and conversely the
frequency pole or corner frequency will scale up by
(1 + Am). Pole frequencies move away to infinity
with an increase in open loop reinforcement. The
overall gain multiplication and pole frequency will
remain. This last amount is called the Gain
Bandwidth Product (GBW Product) of an amplifier.
This magnitude is a figure of merit from an amplifier.
For amplifiers with capacitive couplings, the
amplifier also has an HPF response at its low
frequency. The amplifier transfer function can be
written as in the following equation:
In the case of this first order HPF, the gain will scale
down by (1 + Am) and the pole frequency will also
scale down by (1 + Am). The pole frequency
approaches zero (zero location) with an increase in
open loop gain.
D. Feedback for Linearity
Feedback can be used to suppress amplifier
nonlinearity. One example of feedback is to
suppress the cross over distortion that appears on the
class B push-pull amplifier as done in the power
amplifier experiment. Feedback can also be used to
suppress saturation nonlinearity in the amplifier.
E. Feedback on Transistor Amplifier
Transistor amplifiers can be given feedback to
benefit from circuit behavior with feedback, such as
bandwidth and input and output resistance. Sampling
from output can be done using resistors, either in
series to provide voltage feedback, or in parallel to
provide current feedback. The use of this resistor is
expected not to change the circuit's working point.
For analysis, the amplifier circuit and feedback
circuit are modeled first as a 2 port network.
Furthermore, the magnitude that states the circuit
behavior can be predicted according to Table 1
above.
III. RESULT AND ANALYSIS
I. Taks I : Respon Umum Rangkaian Opamp
dengan Umpan Balik
Used circuits :
Image: Sequence of 1st order LPF with opamp
Results on Oscilloscopes When Open Loop
(CH1 (Yellow) as input and CH2 (Blue) as output. RB = 220 kΩ
Vo 1V
Av 5 V/V
fCutoff 20kHz
Rin 2,27kΩ

When connected to the RC

Result on oscilloscope

Vo 1.3 V
Av 6.5 V/V
fcutoff 15kHz
Rin 2kΩ

When connected to the RA

Result on oscilloscope

RA = 110 kΩ
Vo 0,7 V
Av 3,5 V/V RC = 440 kΩ
fCutoff 21kHz Vo 1,2 V
Rin 2,3 kΩ Av 6 V/V
fCutoff 18kHz
Rin 2,1kΩ
When connected to the RB

Result on oscilloscope It can be observed that in a Low Pass Filter (LPF) in

a closed loop it will be found that the closed loop
frequency will have a value smaller than the pole
frequency when open loop. This can clarify a theory
which states that the gain will decrease by 1 + Aβ. It
can be concluded that the LPF circuit with feedback
is a Shunt-Shunt topology that decreases
amplification, raises pole frequency which can widen
the bandwidth of the LPF.

Picture: First order HPF circuit with opamp RA = 110 kΩ

Vo 0,68 V
Results on Oscilloscopes When Open Loop Av 3,4 V/V
fCutoff 2 kHz
Rin 2,3 kΩ

When connected to the RB

Result on oscilloscope

Vo 1,3 V
Av 6,5 V
fcutoff 2 kHz
Rin 2 kΩ

When connected to the RA RB = 220 kΩ

Vo 1V
Result on oscilloscope Av 3,5 V/V
fCutoff 2 kHz
Rin 2,3 kΩ

When connected to the RC

Result on oscilloscope
 Results on Oscilloscopes When Open Loop (XY
Mode)

RC = 440 kΩ
Vo 1,1 V When connected to the RA
Av 5,5 V/V
fCutoff 2 kHz Result on oscilloscope (Mode XY)
Rin 2,27 kΩ

From the results of the gain obtained in the High

Voltage Frequency (HPF) circuit, it can be observed
that the gain value and pole frequency decrease by 1
+ Aβ.

II. Task II : Linearity of Feedback Opamp Circuit

Used circuits :

When connected to the RB

Result on oscilloscope (Mode XY)

Figure: Nonlinear 1st order LPF amplifier circuit

 Image: One transistor amplifier without feedback

When connected to the RC

Result on oscilloscope (Mode XY)

One transistor amplifier without feedback

Vo 32 V
Av 32 V/V
fCutoff 1.5 MHz
Rin 3.2 kΩ
Linearity is the ability of the opamp to produce the
same gain in each input signal value.
From the results of the oscilloscope it can be
observed that for reinforcement without feedback, the
resulting VTC curve has poor linearity. While the
strengthening with feedback shows that the resulting
VTC curve is better (more linear). A linearity can be
increased by lowering the reinforcement, this occurs
because the feedback process checks the output by
mixing signals on the input. So that conclusions can
be drawn, the feedback circuit can improve the
linearity of Vo / Vi.

III. Task III : Transistor Amplifier with Feedback

Used circuits :
Image: Amplifier of one transistor with one feedback.

Results on the oscilloscope:

Amplifier of one transistor with one feedback

Vo 37,7V
Av 37,7 V/V
fCutoff 1.5 MHz
Rin 1.9 kΩ Amplifying one transistor with two feedbacks
Vo 34V
Av 34 V/V
fCutoff 1.7 MHz
Rin 1.7 kΩ

In accordance with the above circuit, we can see that

the circuit used is a Common Emitter and a common
emitter with Re (resistance in the emitter). Where in
this situation, the use of feedback can produce a
greater bandwidth value or it can be said the cut-off
frequency increases.

IV. CONCLUSION
Picture: Amplifying one transistor with two In an electronic sequence, it can be concluded that
feedbacks the gain, input resistance, and pole frequency can be
affected by circuit feedback. One thing that is able to
widen the bandwidth of reinforcement is a feedback
circuit specifically in terms of pole frequencies that
fall for HPF and rise for LPF of 1 + Aβ respectively.
This happened because the reinforcement was
reduced by a feedback sequence of 1 + Aβ.
Suppressing cross-over at saturation can be used as
an improvement in linearity in the feedback circuit.
The output voltage saturation limit is greater because
the gain value decreases
equal to 1 + Aβ. The input resistance will go up and
down by 1 + Aβ depending on the topology of the
circuit. For the Shunt-Shunt circuit, the input
resistance decreases while in the Series-Series range,
the input resistance rises. (if mixing voltage -> Series
then Rin increases, if mixing current is done ->
Shunt then input resistance will drop).
REFERENCES
[1]. Modul Praktikum Elektronika II Laboratorium
Dasar Teknik Elektro
Institut Teknologi Del, Laguboti, 2018
[2]. Adel S. Sedra and Kennet C. Smith,
Microelectronic Circuits, Oxford University
Press, USA, 2004.
 Attachment

1. First Experiment: General Response to the Opamp Series with Feedback

LPF amplifier
When Open Loop

When connected to the RA

When connected to the RB

When connected to the RC

HPF Amplifier

When Open Loop

When connected to the RA

When connected to the RB

When connected to the RC

2. Second Experiment: Linearize the Opamp Series with FeedbackKetika Open Loop
When connected to the RA

When connected to the RB

When connected to the RC

3. Third Trial: Transistor Amplifiers with Feedback
1: One Transistor Amplifier without Feedback

2: One Transistor Amplifier with Feedback 1

3: One Transistor Amplifier with Feedback 2