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Assignment On International Business
Assignment On International Business
University
Assignment On:
European Union
Prepared for
Prepared By:
ID:17201002
Submission Date:16.08.2018
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Md. Moinuddin Khan Kafi
ID:17201002
Table of Contents
Introduction ………………………………………………………………………………………………………..3
EU Defense Policy…………………………………………………….…………. .8
Conclusion……………………………………………………………………….. 11
Reference………………………………………………………………………….11
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Md. Moinuddin Khan Kafi
ID:17201002
Introduction:
The European Union (EU) is a political and economic partnership that represents a unique form
of cooperation among sovereign countries. The EU is the latest stage in a process of integration
begun after World War II, initially by six Western European countries, to foster interdependence
and make another war in Europe unthinkable. The EU currently consists of 28 member states,
including most of the countries of Central and Eastern Europe, and has helped to promote peace,
stability, and economic prosperity throughout the European continent.
The European Commission is essentially the EU’s executive and upholds the common interest
of the EU as a whole. It implements and manages EU decisions and common policies, ensures that
the provisions of the EU’s treaties are carried out properly, and has the sole right of legislative
initiative in most policy areas. It is composed of one Commissioner from each EU country, who
is appointed by agreement among the member states to five-year terms and approved by the
European Parliament. One Commissioner serves as Commission President; the others hold distinct
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Md. Moinuddin Khan Kafi
ID:17201002
portfolios (e.g., agriculture, energy, trade). On many issues, the Commission handles negotiations
with outside countries.
The Council of the European Union (also called the Council of Ministers) represents the
national governments. The Council enacts legislation, usually based on proposals put forward by
the Commission, and agreed to (in most cases) by the European Parliament. Different ministers
from each country participate in Council meetings depending on the subject under consideration
(e.g., foreign ministers would meet to discuss the Middle East, agriculture ministers to discuss
farm subsidies). Most decisions are subject to a complex majority voting system, but some areas—
such as foreign and defense policy, taxation, or accepting new members—require unanimity. The
Presidency of the Council rotates among the member states, changing every six months; the
country holding the Presidency helps set agenda priorities and organizes most of the work of the
Council.
The European Parliament represents the citizens of the EU. It consists of 751 members who
are directly elected for five-year terms (the most recent elections were in May 2014). Each EU
country has a number of seats roughly proportional to the size of its population. Although the
Parliament cannot initiate legislation, it shares legislative power with the Council of Ministers in
many policy areas, giving it the right to accept, amend, or reject the majority of proposed EU
legislation in a process known as the “ordinary legislative procedure” or “codecision.” The
Parliament also decides on the allocation of the EU’s budget jointly with the Council. Members of
the European Parliament (MEPs) caucus according to political affiliation, rather than nationality;
there are eight political groups and a number of non-attached MEPs.
The EU values are common to the EU countries in a society in which inclusion, tolerance, justice,
solidarity and non-discrimination prevail. These values are an integral part of European way of
life:
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Md. Moinuddin Khan Kafi
ID:17201002
Freedom
Freedom of movement gives citizens the right to move and reside freely within the Union.
Individual freedoms such as respect for private life, freedom of thought, religion, assembly,
expression and information are protected by the EU Charter of Fundamental Rights.
Democracy
The functioning of the EU is founded on representative democracy. Being a European citizen also
means enjoying political rights. Every adult EU citizen has the right to stand as a candidate and to
vote in elections to the European Parliament. EU citizens have the right to stand as candidate and
to vote in their country of residence, or in their country of origin.
Equality
Equality is about equal rights for all citizens before the law. The principle of equality between
women and men underpins all European policies and is the basis for European integration. It
applies in all areas. The principle of equal pay for equal work became part of the Treaty of Rome
in 1957. Although inequalities still exist, the EU has made significant progress.
EU Defense Policy:
Since 1999, with political impetus initially from the UK and France, the EU has been working to
develop a Common Security and Defense Policy (CSDP), formerly known as the European
Security and Defense Policy (ESDP).11 CSDP seeks to improve the EU’s ability to respond to
security crises and to enhance European military capabilities. The EU has created three defense
decision-making bodies and has developed a rapid reaction force and multinational “battle
groups.” Such EU forces are not a standing “EU army” but rather a catalogue of troops and assets
at appropriate readiness levels that may be drawn from existing national forces for EU operations.
Over the past year, EU leaders have announced several new initiatives to bolster EU security and
defense cooperation, including a European Defense Fund to support joint defense research and
development activities.
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Md. Moinuddin Khan Kafi
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Relationship of the EU to NATO :
Since its inception, the EU has asserted that CSDP is intended to allow the EU to make decisions
and conduct military operations “where NATO as a whole is not engaged,” and that CSDP is not
aimed at usurping NATO’s collective defense role. The United States has supported EU efforts to
develop CSDP, provided that it remains tied to NATO and does not rival or duplicate NATO
structures or resources. Advocates of CSDP argue that more robust EU military capabilities will
also benefit NATO given that 22 countries currently belong to both organizations. The Berlin Plus
arrangement—which was finalized in 2003 and allows EU-led military missions access to NATO
planning capabilities and common assets—was designed to help ensure close NATO-EU links and
prevent a wasteful duplication of European defense resources. Two Berlin Plus missions have been
conducted in the Balkans, and NATO and the EU have sought to coordinate their activities on the
ground in operations in Afghanistan and various hot spots in Africa.
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Sweden. The four non-EU members of the Schengen area are Iceland, Liechtenstein, Norway, and
Switzerland.
Agriculture
The agricultural sector is supported by subsidies from the European Union in the form of the
Common Agricultural Policy (CAP). This currently represents 40–50% of the EU's total spending.
It guarantees a minimum price for farmers in the EU. This is criticized as a form of protectionism,
inhibiting trade, and damaging developing countries; one of the most vocal opponents is the UK,
the third largest economy within the bloc, which has repeatedly refused to give up the annual UK
rebate unless the CAP undergoes significant reform; France, the biggest benefactor of the CAP
and the bloc's second largest economy, is its most vocal proponent.
Tourism
The European Union is a major tourist destination, attracting visitors from outside of the Union
and citizens travelling inside it. Internal tourism is made more convenient for the citizens of some
EU member states by the Schengen treaty and the Euro. All citizens of the European Union are
entitled to travel to any member state without the need of a visa.
France is the world's number one tourist destination for international visitors, followed by Spain,
Italy and the United Kingdom at 2nd, 5th and 6th spots respectively. It is worth noting however a
significant proportion of international visitors to EU countries are from other member states.
The European Union’s accounts are another cause of disagreement. Taxpayers are never able to
be certain that their money is being spent appropriately and if it appears that money is getting
misspent there is no mechanism to check the accounts. Money contributed to the EU is also a
problem because any government needs tax money to survive and the EU does not have power to
raise a tax but id dependent upon payments from its member states.(Keegan, 2005).
The EU lacks non-governmental, non-profit organizations (NGO’s) that operate under the EU
moniker. These include: charities, universities, and political groups, even churches. Few European
-wide membership organizations are in existence that would be able to take up the slack for the
EU fill this void of NGO’s. Unlike the United Nations or even individual states, there is no
mechanism to establish NGO’s under current EU regulations. (Keegan, 2005).
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Md. Moinuddin Khan Kafi
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Conclusion
The EU has been built through a series of binding treaties. Over the years, EU member states have
sought to harmonize laws and adopt common policies on an increasing number of economic,
social, and political issues. EU member states share a customs union; a single market in which
capital, goods, services, and people move freely; a common trade policy; and a common
agricultural policy. Nineteen EU member states use a common currency (the euro), and 22 member
states participate in the Schengen area of free movement in which internal border controls have
been eliminated. In addition, the EU has been developing a Common Foreign and Security Policy
(CFSP), which includes a Common Security and Defense Policy (CSDP), and pursuing
cooperation in the area of Justice and Home Affairs (JHA) to forge common internal security
measures. Member states work together through several EU institutions to set policy and to
promote their collective interests. In recent years, however, the EU has faced a number of
significant internal and external crises. Most notably, in a June 2016 public referendum, voters in
the United Kingdom (UK) backed leaving the EU. This unprecedented decision by an EU member
state could have substantial political, economic, and institutional implications for the EU. The
looming British exit from the EU (dubbed “Brexit”) comes amid multiple other challenges,
including the rise of populist and to some extent anti-EU political parties, ongoing migrant and
refugee flows, a heightened terrorism threat, and a resurgent Russia.
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Reference:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/EuropeanUnion
https://euromedrights.org/publication/training-guide-eu-advocacy/
http://www.assignmentpoint.com/business/international-business/european-union.html
https://www.eu2017.mt/en/Pages/A-Brief-History-of-the-EU.aspx
https://www.thebalance.com/what-is-the-european-union-how-it-works-and-history-3306356
https://www.thoughtco.com/the-history-of-the-european-union-1221595
http://europa.eu/rapid/press-release_MEMO-13-825_en.htm
http://www.imf.org/external/pubs/ft/weo/2018/01/weodata/weorept.aspx
https://www.slideshare.net/
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