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‫‪ .۱‬ﻣﻘﺪﻣﻪ‬ ‫ﻓﻬﺮﺳﺖ ﺟﺪﺍﻭﻝ‬

‫ﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪ ﻛﺸﺎﻭﺭﺯﻱ ﻳﻜﻲ ﺍﺯ ﭘﺮﻣﺨﺎﻃﺮﻩ ﺗﺮﻳﻦ ﻓﻌﺎﻟﻴﺖﻫﺎﻱ ﺍﻗﺘﺼـﺎﺩﻱ ﺍﺳـﺖ‪ .‬ﺑﻼﻳـﺎﻱ ﻃﺒﻴﻌـﻲ‪،‬‬ ‫ﺟﺪﻭﻝ ‪ :۱‬ﻭﺿﻌﻴﺖ ﺑﻴﻤﻪ ﻣﺤﺼﻮﻻﺕ ﻛﺸﺎﻭﺭﺯﻱ ﺩﺭ ﮊﺍﭘﻦ ‪۸ .........................................................................‬‬
‫ﺟﺪﻭﻝ ‪ :۲‬ﻭﺿﻌﻴﺖ ﺑﻴﻤﻪ ﻣﺤﺼﻮﻻﺕ ﻛﺸﺎﻭﺭﺯﻱ ﺩﺭ ﻫﻨﺪ ‪۹ ..............................................................................‬‬
‫ﺁﻓﺎﺕ ﻧﺒﺎﺗﻲ‪ ،‬ﺍﻧﻮﺍﻉ ﺑﻴﻤﺎﺭﻳﻬﺎﻱ ﮔﻴﺎﻫﻲ ﻭ ﺩﺍﻣﻲ‪ ،‬ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮﺍﺕ ﻧﺎﮔﻬـﺎﻧﻲ ﺩﻣـﺎ ﻭ ﮔـﺎﻩ ﺣﺘـﻲ ﺑـﺎﺭﺵ‬
‫ﺟﺪﻭﻝ ‪ :۳‬ﻭﺿﻌﻴﺖ ﺑﻴﻤﻪ ﻣﺤﺼﻮﻻﺕ ﻛﺸﺎﻭﺭﺯﻱ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﺎﻻﺕ ﻣﺘﺤﺪﻩ ﺁﻣﺮﻳﻜﺎ ‪۱۱ ................................................‬‬
‫ﺑﻲﻣﻮﻗﻊ ﻣﻤﻜﻦ ﺍﺳﺖ ﺧﺴﺎﺭﺍﺕ ﺯﻳﺎﺩﻱ ﺑﻪ ﻛﺸﺎﻭﺭﺯﺍﻥ ﻭﺍﺭﺩ ﻛﻨﺪ‪ .‬ﺑﻪ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺳﺒﺐ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﺑﻴﻤﻪ‬
‫ﺟﺪﻭﻝ ‪ :۴‬ﻭﺿﻌﻴﺖ ﺑﻴﻤﻪ ﻣﺤﺼﻮﻻﺕ ﻛﺸﺎﻭﺭﺯﻱ ﺩﺭ ﻭﻧﺰﻭﺋﻼ‪۱۲ .......................................................................‬‬
‫ﻣﺤﺼﻮﻻﺕ ﻛﺸﺎﻭﺭﺯﻱ ﺭﺍ ﻣﻲﺗﻮﺍﻥ ﻳﻜﻲ ﺍﺯ ﺍﻫﺮﻣﻬﺎﻱ ﺗﻮﺳﻌﻪ ﻛﺸﺎﻭﺭﺯﻱ ﺩﺍﻧﺴﺖ‪ ،‬ﺯﻳـﺮﺍ ﺑـﺎ‬ ‫ﺟﺪﻭﻝ ‪ :۵‬ﻭﺿﻌﻴﺖ ﺑﻴﻤﻪ ﻣﺤﺼﻮﻻﺕ ﻛﺸﺎﻭﺭﺯﻱ ﺩﺭ ﺍﺳﭙﺎﻧﻴﺎ ‪۱۳ ........................................................................‬‬
‫ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﺯ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺳﺎﺯ ﻭ ﻛﺎﺭ ﻧﻪ ﻓﻘﻂ ﻣﻲﺗﻮﺍﻥ ﺍﺯ ﻃﺮﻳﻖ ﭘﺲﺍﻧﺪﺍﺯﻫﺎﻱ ﺍﻧﺪﻛﻲ ﻛﻪ ﺍﻧﺒﻮﻩ ﻛﺜﻴﺮﻱ‬ ‫ﺟﺪﻭﻝ ‪ :۶‬ﻓﻌﺎﻟﻴﺖﻫﺎﻱ ﺯﻳﺮ ﭘﻮﺷﺶ ﺑﻴﻤﻪ ﻣﺤﺼﻮﻻﺕ ﻛﺸﺎﻭﺭﺯﻱ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﺮﺍﻥ ﺑﻪ ﺗﻔﻜﻴﻚ ﻧﻮﻉ ﻣﺤﺼﻮﻝ ‪۱۸ .........‬‬
‫ﺍﺯ ﻛﺸﺎﻭﺭﺯﺍﻥ ﺑﻪ ﻋﻨﻮﺍﻥ ﺣﻖ ﺑﻴﻤﻪ ﻣﻲﭘﺮﺩﺍﺯﻧﺪ ﺧﺴﺎﺭﺕ ﻭﺍﺭﺩ ﺑﻪ ﻛﺸﺎﻭﺭﺯﺍﻥ ﺧﺴﺎﺭﺕ ﺩﻳﺪﻩ‬ ‫ﺟﺪﻭﻝ ‪ :۷‬ﻋﻤﻠﻜﺮﺩ ﺻﻨﺪﻭﻕ ﺑﻴﻤﻪ ﻣﺤﺼﻮﻻﺕ ﻛﺸﺎﻭﺭﺯﻱ ﻃﻲ ﺩﻫﻪ ‪۱۹ ...................................... ۱۳۶۳-۱۳۷۳‬‬
‫ﺟﺪﻭﻝ ‪ :۸‬ﻋﻤﻠﻜﺮﺩ ﺻﻨﺪﻭﻕ ﺑﻴﻤﻪ ﻣﺤﺼﻮﻻﺕ ﻛﺸﺎﻭﺭﺯﻱ ﺩﺭ ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﻪ ﭘﻨﺠﺴﺎﻟﻪ ﺩﻭﻡ ﺗﻮﺳﻌﻪ ‪۱۹ .......................‬‬
‫ﺭﺍ ﺟﺒﺮﺍﻥ ﻛﺮﺩ ﺑﻠﻜﻪ ﺑﻪ ﻭﺳﻴﻠﻪ ﺁﻥ ﻣـﻲﺗـﻮﺍﻥ ﺍﻣﻨﻴـﺖ ﺑـﻴﺶﺗـﺮﻱ ﺭﺍ ﺑـﺮﺍﻱ ﺗﻮﻟﻴـﺪ ﻛﻨﻨـﺪﮔﺎﻥ‬
‫ﺟﺪﻭﻝ ‪ :۹‬ﻋﻤﻠﻜﺮﺩ ﺻﻨﺪﻭﻕ ﺑﻴﻤﻪ ﻣﺤﺼﻮﻻﺕ ﻛﺸﺎﻭﺭﺯﻱ ﺩﺭ ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﻪ ﭘﻨﺠﺴﺎﻟﻪ ﺳﻮﻡ ﺗﻮﺳﻌﻪ ‪۲۰ .....................‬‬
‫ﻛﺸﺎﻭﺭﺯﻱ ﻓﺮﺍﻫﻢ ﺳﺎﺧﺖ‪ ،‬ﻣﺨﺎﻃﺮﺍﺕ ﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪ ﺭﺍ ﻛﺎﻫﺶ ﺩﺍﺩ ﻭ ﺩﺭ ﻧﻬﺎﻳﺖ ﺷﺮﺍﻳﻂ ﻣﻄﻠـﻮﺑﺘﺮﻱ‬
‫ﺭﺍ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺑﺨﺶ ﻛﺸﺎﻭﺭﺯﻱ ﻓﺮﺍﻫﻢ ﺁﻭﺭﺩ‪.‬‬
‫ﻛﺸﻮﺭ ﻣﺎ ﺑﻪ ﺩﻟﻴﻞ ﻣﻮﻗﻌﻴﺖ ﺟﻐﺮﺍﻓﻴـﺎﺋﻲ ﺁﻥ ﺑـﺎ ﺍﺑﻌـﺎﺩ ﺗﺸـﺪﻳﺪ ﺷـﺪﻩﺍﻱ ﺍﺯ ﻣﺨـﺎﻃﺮﺍﺕ‬
‫ﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪﻱ ﺩﺭ ﺑﺨﺶ ﻛﺸﺎﻭﺭﺯﻱ ﺭﻭﺑﺮﻭﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﺍﻫﻤﻴﺖ ﻭ ﺿﺮﻭﺭﺕ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺟﺪﻱ ﺗﺮ ﺑﻪ ﺳﺎﺯ ﻭ‬
‫ﻛﺎﺭ ﺑﻴﻤﻪ ﻛﺸﺎﻭﺭﺯﻱ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ‪ .‬ﺍﻳﺮﺍﻥ ﺩﺭ ﻣﻨﻄﻘﻪ ﺧﺸﻚ ﺟﻬﺎﻥ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ ﻭ ﺑﺎ ﻣﺨﺎﻃﺮﻩ ﺩﺍﺋﻤـﻲ‬
‫ﺑﺮﻭﺯ ﺧﺸﻜﺴﺎﻟﻲﻫﺎﻱ ﺩﻭﺭﻩﺍﻱ ﺭﻭﺑﺮﻭﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﺩﺭ ﻛﻨﺎﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺗﻬﺪﻳﺪ ﻛﺸﺎﻭﺭﺯﺍﻥ ﻭ ﺩﺍﻣﺪﺍﺭﺍﻥ ﺑـﺎ‬
‫ﺑﺎﺭﻧﺪﮔﻴﻬﺎﻱ ﻧﺎﮔﻬﺎﻧﻲ ﻭ ﺑﻲﻣﻮﻗﻊ‪ ،‬ﺯﻟﺰﻟﻪ‪ ،‬ﺳـﻴﻞ‪ ،‬ﺳـﺮﻣﺎﺯﺩﮔﻲ ﻭ ﻳﺨﺒﻨـﺪﺍﻥ‪ ،‬ﺗﮕـﺮﮒ‪ ،‬ﺁﻓـﺎﺕ ﻭ‬
‫ﺑﻴﻤﺎﺭﻳﻬﺎﻱ ﻧﺒﺎﺗﻲ ﻭ ﺩﺍﻣﻲ ﻭ ﺳﺎﻳﺮ ﺣﻮﺍﺩﺙ ﻃﺒﻴﻌﻲ ﻳﺎ ﻏﻴﺮﻃﺒﻴﻌـﻲ ﺍﺯ ﻗﺒﻴـﻞ ﺁﺗـﺶ ﺳـﻮﺯﻳﻬﺎ‪،‬‬
‫ﺗﺨﺮﻳﺐ ﺍﻧﺒﺎﺭ‪ ،‬ﺍﺯ ﻛﺎﺭﺍﻓﺘﺎﺩﮔﻲ ﻣﺎﺷﻴﻦ ﺁﻻﺕ ﻛﺸﺎﻭﺭﺯﻱ ﻭ ﺍﻣﺜﺎﻝ ﺁﻥ ﻧﻴﺰ ﺭﻭﺑﺮﻭ ﻫﺴﺘﻨﺪ‪ .‬ﺍﻳـﻦ‬
‫ﻗﺒﻴﻞ ﺧﺴﺎﺭﺕﻫﺎ ﺣﺘﻲ ﺍﮔﺮ ﺟﺰﺋﻲ ﻫﻢ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﻭﻗﻔﻪ ﻭ ﺍﺯ ﻫﻢ ﮔﺴﻴﺨﺘﮕﻲﻫﺎﻱ ﺟﺪﻱ ﺩﺭ ﺯﻧـﺪﮔﻲ‬
‫ﻭ ﻓﻌﺎﻟﻴﺖ ﺍﻗﺘﺼﺎﺩﻱ ﺁﻧﺎﻥ ﭘﺪﻳﺪ ﻣﻲﺁﻭﺭﺩ‪.‬‬
‫ﺑﺎ ﺁﻥ ﻛﻪ ﺣﺪﻭﺩ ﺩﻭ ﺩﻫﻪ ﺍﺯ ﺗﺼﻮﻳﺐ ﻗﺎﻧﻮﻥ ﺑﻴﻤﻪ ﻣﺤﺼـﻮﻻﺕ ﻛﺸـﺎﻭﺭﺯﻱ ﻣـﻲﮔـﺬﺭﺩ‪،‬‬
‫ﻫﻨﻮﺯ ﺍﻟﮕﻮﻱ ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺒﻲ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺗﺤﻘﻖ ﻛﺎﺭﻛﺮﺩﻫﺎﻱ ﺻﻨﺪﻭﻕ ﺑﻴﻤﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺻﻮﺭﺕ ﺑﻬﻴﻨـﻪ ﺗـﺪﻭﻳﻦ ﻭ‬
‫ﺍﺭﺍﺋﻪ ﻧﺸﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﺍﻳﻦ ﻧﺎﺭﺳﺎﻳﻲ ﺑﻴﺶ ﺍﺯ ﻫﺮ ﺟﺰ ﻣﺮﺑـﻮﻁ ﺑـﻪ ﺿـﻌﻒ ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌـﺎﺕ ﻋﻠﻤـﻲ ﺩﺭ‬
‫ﺧﺼﻮﺹ ﺑﺮﺁﻭﺭﺩ ﻣﻴﺰﺍﻥ ﺧﺴﺎﺭﺕ ﻭ ﺗﺪﻭﻳﻦ ﺳﻴﺎﺳﺖﻫﺎﻱ ﺍﺟﺮﺍﻳـﻲ ﺍﺳـﺖ‪ .‬ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳـﻦ ﺭﺍﺳـﺘﺎ‬
‫ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺗﺠﺮﺑﻪﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﻮﻓﻖ ﻛﺸﻮﺭﻫﺎﻱ ﺩﻳﮕﺮ ﻭ ﺩﺭﺱ ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻦ ﺍﺯ ﻧﺎﻛﺎﻣﻴﻬـﺎﻭ ﺷﻜﺴـﺖ ﻫـﺎﻱ‬