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DC Motor Are of 3 Types They Are .
DC Motor Are of 3 Types They Are .
DC Motor Are of 3 Types They Are .
DC Motor
magnets.
housing
TYPES OF DC MOTORS
DC motor are of 3 types they are…..
1. DC SHUNT MOTOR
2. DC SERIES MOTOR
3. DC COMPOUND MOTOR
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1. DC SHUNT MOTOR
The parallel combination of two
windings is connected across a
common dc power supply. The
resistance of shunt field winding
(Rsh) is always higher than that
is armature winding.
Armature
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2. D C SERIES MOTOR
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3. DC COMPOUND MOTOR
Construction of DC Motor:
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Function of each part of DC Motor: Yoke:
It is outer cover of dc motor also called as frame.
It provides protection to the rotating and other part of the machine from
moisture, dust etc.
Pole shoe:
Pole shoe is an extended part of a pole. Due to its typical shape, it
enlarges the area of the pole, so that more flux can pass through
the air gap to armature
Field winding
The coil wound on the pole core are called field coils.
Field coils are connected in series to form field winding.
Current is passed through the field winding in a specific direction, to
magnetize the poles and pole shoes. Thus magnetic flux is produce in the air
gap between the pole shoe and armature.
Armature core:
Armature core is a cylindrical drum mounted on the shaft.
•It is provided with large number of slots all over its periphery and it is parallel
to the shaft axis.
•Armature conductors are placed in these slots.
•Armature core provides low reluctance path to the flux produced by the field
winding.
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•Material used: high permeability, low reluctance cast steel or cast iron
material is used.
Armature winding:
•Armature conductor is placed in a armature slots present on the periphery of
armature core.
•Armature conductor are interconnected to form the armature winding.
•When the armature winding is rotated using a prime mover, it cuts the
magnetic flux lines and voltage gets induced in it.
•Armature winding is connected to the external circuit (load) through the
commutator and brushes.
•Material Used: Armature winding is suppose to carry the entire load current
hence it should be made up of conducting material such as copper
Commutator:
•It is a cylindrical drum mounted on the shaft along with the armature core.
•It is made up of large number of wedge shaped segments of hard-drawn
copper.
•The segments are insulated from each other by thin layer of mica.
•Armature winding are tapped at various points and these tapping are
successively connected to various segments of the commutator
Function of commutator:
It converts the ac emf generated internally into dc
It helps to produce unidirectional torque.
Material Used:
it is made up of copper and insulating material between the segments is
mica
Brushes:
Current are conducted from the armature to the external load by the
carbon brushes which are held against the surface of the commutator by
springs.
Working Principle of DC Motor
DC Motor Principle
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The direction of this force is given by Fleming’s left hand rule and
magnitude is given by;
F = BIL Newtons
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DC Machine Construction
Working of DC Motor
All conductors under N-pole carry currents in one direction while all the
conductors under S-pole carry currents in the opposite direction.
Suppose the conductors under N-pole carry currents into the plane of the
paper and those under S-pole carry currents out of the plane of the paper
as shown in Figure.
Since each armature conductor is carrying current and is placed in the
magnetic field, mechanical force acts on it.
On applying Fleming’s left hand rule, it is clear that force on each
conductor is tending to rotate the armature in anticlockwise direction.
All these forces add together to produce a driving torque which sets the
armature rotating.
When the conductor moves from one side of a brush to the other, the
current in that conductor is reversed and at the same time it comes
under the influence of next pole which is of opposite polarity.
Consequently, the direction of force on the conductor remains the same.
Advantages of DC Motor
Overall advantages that will be discussed are;
1. Provide excellent speed control for acceleration and deceleration.
2. Easy to understand design
3. Simple, cheap drive design
Disadvantages of DC Motor
High maintenance
- care required to maintain the mechanical interface used to get current to
the rotating field.
- maintenance includes the commutator (the collection of copper and mica
segments attached to the rotor winding over which the brushes pass), and the
brushes themselves.
Not suitable in very clean environment.
- vulnerable to dust which decreases performance.
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CONCLUSION:
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Reference
• Internet - thesaurus
• A text book of Electrical Technology in S.I. units by B.L. Theraja
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