Ethanolamines

01/02S2

August 2002
 TABLE OF CONTENTS
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I SUMMARY 1
A. INTRODUCTION 1
B. CONVENTIONAL TECHNOLOGY 2
1. Chemistry 2
2. Scientific Design Process 2
3. Davy (K vaerner) Process 3
C. NIPPON SHOKUBAI CATALYTIC, ANHYDROUS PROCESS 4
D. ECONOMICS 5
E. END-USES 7
F. SUPPLY AND DEMAND 8
1. United States 8
2. Western Europe 9
3. Japan 11

II INTRODUCTION 12

III CONVENTIONAL TECHNOLOGY 14

A. SCIENTIFIC DESIGN PROCESS 14
1. Chemistry 14
2. Background 14
3. Process Description 15
B. DAVY (KVAERNER) PROCESS 21
1. Chemistry 21
2. Background 21
3. Process Description 21
C. SELECTED RECENT PATENTS 24

IV CATALYTIC, ANHYDROUS PROCESS 26

A. INTRODUCTION 26
B. PROCESS DESCRIPTION 26

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V ECONOMIC ANALYSIS 29
A. BASIS 29
1. Pricing 29
2. Investment Basis 30
3. Cost of Production Basis 30
B. CONVENTIONAL UNCATALYZED, AQUEOUS AMMONIA PROCESS 31
C. CATALYZED, ANHYDROUS AMMONIA PROCESS 38
D. SENSITIVITY ANALYSIS 42
1. Feedstock Prices 42
2. Investment Variation 45
3. Capacity Effect 46

VI COMMERCIAL ANALYSIS 47
A. APPLICATIONS 47
1. Introduction 47
2. Physical Properties 47
3. End-Uses 49
(a) Gas Sweetening 49
(b) Detergents, Specialty Cleaners, and Personal Care Products 51
(c) Textiles 52
(d) Metalworking 52
(e) Intermediates for Agricultural Actives Production 52
(f) Other 53
4. Health and Safety 53
B. SUPPLY AND DEMAND 55
1. United States 55
(a) Supply 55
(b) Demand 56
2. Western Europe 56
(a) Supply 56
(b) Demand 57

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3. Japan 57
(a) Supply 57
(b) Demand 58
4. Other Regions 58

REFERENCES 59

APPENDIX I 60

APPENDIX II 64

PERP TITLE INDEX 69

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 TABLES

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Table I.F.1 U.S. Ethanolamines Capacity by Producer, 2001 8

Table I.F.2 U.S. Ethanolamines Demand 9
Table I.F.3 West European Ethanolamines Capacity by Producer, 2001 10
Table I.F.4 West European Ethanolamines Demand 10
Table I.F.5 Japanese Ethanolamines Capacity by Producer, 2001 11
Table I.F.6 Japanese Ethanolamines Demand 11

Table III.A.1 Typical Ethanolamines Feedstock Specifications for Scientific

Design Process 17
Table III.A.2 Typical Ethanolamines Product Specifications from Scientific
Design Process 19
Table III.A.3 Storage Considerations for Ethanolamines 20
Table III.B.1 Typical Ethanolamine Qualities – Davy Process 23

Table V.A.1 Prices of Economic Inputs 29

Table V.B.1 Cost of Production Estimate for: Ethanolamines – Light Distribution
Process: Aqueous Ammonia, Non-Catalytic 32
Table V.B.2 Cost of Production Estimate for: Ethanolamines –
Medium Distribution
Process: Aqueous Ammonia, Non-Catalytic 33
Table V.B.3 Cost of Production Estimate for: Ethanolamines –
Heavy Distribution
Process: Aqueous Ammonia, Non-Catalytic 34
Table V.B.4 Summary of Costs by Product Distribution 35
Table V.C.1 Cost of Production Estimate for: Ethanolamines – Heavy Distribution
Process: Anhydrous Ammonia, La-Exch. Zeolite Catalyst, 80 wt%
Sel. to DEA 39
Table V.C.2 Cost of Production Estimate for: Ethanolamines – Heavy Distribution
Process: Anhydrous Ammonia, La-Exch. Zeolite Catalyst, 90 wt%
Sel. to DEA 40

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Table VI.A.1 Typical Properties of Dow Ethanolamines 48

Table VI.B.1 U.S. Ethanolamines Capacity by Producer, 2001 55
Table VI.B.2 U.S. Ethanolamines Demand 56
Table VI.B.3 West European Ethanolamines Capacity by Producer, 2001 56
Table VI.B.4 West European Ethanolamines Demand 57
Table VI.B.5 Japanese Ethanolamines Capacity by Producer, 2001 57
Table VI.B.6 Japanese Ethanolamines Demand 58

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 FIGURES

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Figure I.D.1 Comparison of Ethanolamines Economics 6

Figure I.E.1 Ethanolamine End-Use Pattern, 2001 8

Figure III.A.1 Ethanolamines via Scientific Design Process 16

Figure III.B.1 Davy Ethanolamines Schematic Flow Diagram 22

Figure IV.B.1 Ethanolamines via Conceptual Nippon Shokubai Process 27

Figure V.B.1 Ethanolamines Technology Cost Comparison 37
Figure V.C.1 Comparison of Ethanolamines Economics 41
Figure V.D.1 Price Effects on Ethanolamines Cost: Uncatalyzed, Aqueous
Light Distribution 42
Figure V.D.2 Price Effects on Ethanolamines Cost: Uncatalyzed, Aqueous
Heavy Distribution 43
Figure V.D.3 Price Effects on Ethanolamines Cost: Catalyzed, Anhydrous,
90% DEA 44
Figure V.D.4 Investment Effect on Ethanolamines Cost 45
Figure V.D.5 Capacity Effect on Ethanolamines Cost 46

Figure VI.A.1 Ethanolamine End-Use Pattern, 2001 50

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