Computer Programming Using

Java

1
Introduction

2
Overview
 Computer programming
 Machine language
 Assembly language
 High level languages

 Compilers and interpreters

 What is Java?
 Advantages of Java
 Java deliverables
 Editions of Java
 Your first Java program
 Java Integrated Development Environment
3
The Basics:
What does a Computer Store and Process?
 Electronic devices can represent 0’s and 1’s.
 Binary world
 Basic unit is 0 or 1 i.e. Binary Digit  Bit

 Combination of many bits are used to represent

and store information
 00101001 can be used to represent:
 Decimal Value 41
 The Letter ‘A’
 Command to perform “Add”
 The meaning varies from one hardware design to
another

7
The Basics:
Telling a Computer What to Do
 Programming: is telling the computer what to do.
 Computers understand only 1’s and 0’s
 A.K.A Machine Language

 Machine language is the only language computers

know
 To instruct a computer to do something, you need to do it
using the machine language for that computer.
 Very difficult for “Humans” to deal with it.
10111010 00001100 00000001 10110100
00001001 11001101 00100001 10111000
00000000 01001100 11001101 00100001
01001000 01100101 01101100 01101100
01101111 00101100 01110111 01101111
01110010 01101100 01100100 00100001
00100100
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The Basics:
Machine Language
Example:
A programs that display “Hello, world!” on the screen
10111010 00001100 00000001 BA 0C 01
10110100 00001001 B4 09
11001101 00100001 CD 21
10111000 00000000 01001100 B8 00 4C
11001101 00100001 CD 21
01001000 48
01100101 65
01101100
01101100
01101111
= 6C
6C
6F
00101100 2C
01110111 77
01101111 6F
01110010 72
01101100 6C
01100100 64
00100001 21
00100100 24
9
The Basics:
Programming Languages
 Are needed so that humans a.k.a “Programmers” can
easily write/read programs.
 A program written in any programming language MUST be
converted to machine language to be executed.
 Assembly language
 English-like abbreviations represent computer operations
 Translator programs (assemblers) convert it to machine
language
 High-level language
 Allows for writing more “English-like” instructions
 Compiler converts programs to machine language
 Once compiled, can run on one platform only.
 e.g. Programs made for PC can not run on Mac
 Java avoids this problem

10
The Basics:
Programming Languages
Assembly Program:
HelloWorld.asm
Assembly Language
Specific to the processor

Assembler

(CPU)
 The lowest level of
programming
 Used in embedded systems Machine Code
(e.g. for Pentium)
 The assembler converts the
program to machine code

execute
specific to a processor.

PC
(e.g. CPU is Pentium)

11
The Basics:
Assembly Language
Example:
A programs that display “Hello, world!” on the screen

Assembly Language Machine Code

in binary in HEX
10111010 00001100 00000001 BA 0C 01
org 100h 10110100 00001001 B4 09
11001101 00100001 CD 21
mov dx, msg 10111000 00000000 01001100 B8 00 4C
mov ah, 09 11001101 00100001 CD 21
01001000 48
int 21h 01100101 65

mov ax, 4c00h

int 21h
01101100
01101100
01101111
= 6C
6C
6F
00101100 2C
msg db "Hello,world!$" 01110111 77
01101111 6F
01110010 72
01101100 6C
01100100 64
This is specific to PC computers 00100001 21
i.e. can not be executed on a Mac 00100100 24

12
The Basics:
High-Level Languages
 Allows for writing more “English-like”
instructions
 Must be converted to machine language using a
compiler or an interpreter.
 Compiler: reads the entire program before converting
it.
 Interpreter: converts and executes one command at a
time.

 Once compiled or interpreted, a program can run

only on one platform.
 e.g. Programs made for PC can not run on Mac

13
The Basics:
High-Level Languages
Compilers vs. Interpreters
Compiler Interpreter
Operation Operation
Program Program

Interpreter
Reads the entire

program and read

compiler

program then Reads one

Go back to the
compiles it at line at a time.
once

a new line
Machine code
Machine code for one line

execute
execute

Windows In both cases, the code is executed Windows

PC PC
ONLY on a specific computer type.
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The Basics:
High-Level Languages

Java is different…..
Same programs can be executed on different platforms

Java is PORTABLE

15
Java is Portable

Java Program:
HelloWorld.java
The Java Compiler

Java compiler
 Reads files with extensions .java
 Checks syntax/grammar
 Creates a .class file which contains
byte code (machine code)
independent of any machine
Java Byte Code
Java Byte Code for Java Virtual Machine
 Is portable: independent of any HelloWorld.class
machine

execute
The Java Virtual Machine (JVM) Windows Mac OS Linux
JVM
 Translates byte code into JVM JVM
instructions for a particular
processor which will run the Windows Mac OS Linux
program

16
Java is Portable
C++ Program Java Program:
HelloWorld.cpp HelloWorld.java

Java compiler
compiler
Mac OS

Java Byte Code

Machine code Machine code Machine code for Java Virtual Machine
for windows for Mac OS for Linux HelloWorld.class

execute
execute

execute

execute

Windows Mac OS Linux

Windows Mac OS Linux JVM JVM JVM

Windows Mac OS Linux

17
What is Java?

 A set of technologies for developing applications

across a wide variety of platforms.
 Originally for intelligent consumer-electronic devices
 Then used for creating web pages with dynamic
content
 Now also used to:
 Develop large-scale enterprise applications
 Enhance web server functionality
 Provide applications for consumer devices (cell
phones, etc.)
 A development languages created to deal with
shortcomings in C and C++
 Object-Based Programming Language
 It is not JavaScript
18
Advantages of Java

 Simple  Object-oriented
 Portable  Distributed
 Robust  Secure
 Interpreted  Multithreaded
 Dynamic

19
Most Common Deliverables of Java

 Stand alone application

 Standard software applications
 Text-based applications
 GUI applications

 Applets
 Applications that run from a Web browser
 Servlets
 Applications that run on Web servers to
create dynamic content.

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Editions of Java

 Java SE (J2SE)
 Java 2 Standard Edition
 currently at version 6.0
 For desktop applications
 Java ME (J2ME)
 Java 2 Micro Edition
 For gadgets such as smart phones
 Java EE (J2EE)
 Java 2 Enterprise Edition
 For large scale applications that run on
multiple servers and used by large number of
users.
21
What is in J2SE?

 JRE, Java Runtime Environment

 This is the software that allows you to run
Java programs on your computer
 Realization of the Java Virtual Machine (JVM)
 Called either “the JRE” or “the runtime”

 JDK, Java Development Kit

 The is the software that allows you to create
and run Java applications on your computer
 When you install JDK, you get JRE along with
it.

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Java Development Kit (JDK)

 Main Components
 javac
 Java compiler that is used to create Java Byte
Code
 java
 Java Interpreter that allows the Java Byte Code
to be executed on the platform where it (i.e.
java) runs.
 javadoc
 Used for documentation
 appletviewer
 Used to view applets
 others
23
Let’s Get Started:
Your First Java Program
Compile and run the following program
public class HelloWorld
{
public static void main(String[] args)
{
System.out.println("Hello, World!");
}
}
1- Type the above code in a new Notepad file called HelloWorld.java and save it.
2- From the command prompt, compile your program by the following command:
javac HelloWorld.java
3- If there are no errors, run your program using:
java HelloWorld

Note: Make sure you name the source file with the same name of the
class i.e. HelloWorld.java
25
Understanding Your First Java Program
1: public class HelloWorld
The HelloWorld class 2: {
begins here with { 3: public static void main(String[] args)
4: {
The HelloWorld class 5: System.out.println("Hello, World!");
ends here with } 6: }
7: }
 Java has building blocks that are used to create programs. A class is
one of the most important building blocks of Java. We will talk more
about it later.
 Your entire program is defined as a class.
 Line 1 declares the Java class that contains your program
o public: means that the element following it (i.e. class HelloWorld)
should be made available to other Java elements.
o class: means that the element being defined by this line is a class.
o HelloWorld: this is the name of the class being defined. This can be any
name you want but it must be the same name of the file containing it.
 So, this line means: We are defining a class that is called HelloWorld
and should be made available to other Java elements.
27
Understanding Your First Java Program
1: public class HelloWorld
The main method 2: {
begins here with { 3: public static void main(String[] args)
4: {
The main method 5: System.out.println("Hello, World!");
ends here with } 6: }
7: }
 Another building block of Java programs is called methods. Again,
we will talk more about this later.
 Line 3 declares a method called main
o public: means that the method declared here should have public access.
This means Java classes other than HelloWorld can use it.
o static: We will talk about this later. For now, just take my word that the
Java language requires that you specify static when you declare the main
method.
o void: this means the main method does not return any values to the Java
element that called it.
o main: this is the name of the method being declared.
o (String[ ] args): This is the parameters list. We will explain it later.
 Java programs (except applets) MUST have one method called main.
This is where program execution begins. 28
Understanding Your First Java Program
1: public class HelloWorld
2: {
3: public static void main(String[] args)
4: {
5: System.out.println("Hello, World!");
6: }
7: }

 This is the actual code of your program.

 Line 5 causes “Hello, World!” to be displayed on the screen.
 It does that by sending the text to the output console of your computer
system, i.e. System.out object, and asks it to perform the method
called println which will print the text passed to it. i.e. the text that
is between “(“ and “)”

29
That was your first Text-Based Java program

Are you ready for your first

GUI Java program?

30
Let’s Get Started:
Your First GUI Java Program
Compile and run the following program

import javax.swing.JOptionPane;

public class HelloWorld

{
public static void main(String[] args)
{
JOptionPane.showMessageDialog(null,"Hello,World!"
,"Hello",JOptionPane.INFORMATION_MESSAGE);
}
}

Note: Make sure you name the source file with the same name of the
class i.e. HelloWorld.java
31
Are you ready for your first

Java Applet?

32
Let’s Get Started:
Your First Java Applet
1- Compile the following program
import java.applet.Applet;
import java.awt.Graphics;

public class HelloWorldApplet extends Applet

{
public void paint(Graphics g)
{
g.drawString("Hello, World!", 50, 25);
}
}
Note: Make sure you name the source file with the same name of the
class i.e. HelloWorldApplet.java

Did you notice that applets do not have a main method?

33
Let’s Get Started:
Your First Java Applet
2- Open the Notepad and create the following HTML file
Hello.html
<HTML>
<HEAD>
<TITLE> A Simple Program </TITLE>
</HEAD>

<BODY>
Here is the output of my Java Applet:
<APPLET CODE="HelloWorldApplet.class" WIDTH=150 HEIGHT=25>
</APPLET>
</BODY>
</HTML>

3- Save Hello.html
4- Go to the folder where Hello.html file exist and
double click on it.
34
Integrated Development Environment (IDE)

 Java Integrated Development Environment

(IDE) is a software that makes it easy to:
 Write Java programs
 Compile them
 Run and test the programs
 Examples of Java IDEs
 JBiulder
 JCreator
 Eclipse
 netBeans
 BlueJ

35
What Did We Learn Today?

 Computer programming Languages

 Machine language
 Assembly language
 High level languages

 Compilers and interpreters

 Java 101
 What is Java?
 Advantages of Java
 Java deliverables
 Editions of Java
 Downloading and installing Java
 Your first Java program (Text, GUI, and Applet)
 Java Integrated Development Environment
36
Questions ?

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