Epistaxis, or nosebleeds, can occur in the front (90-95% of cases) or back (5-10% of cases) of the nose. The front involves the Kiesselbach's plexus, while the back involves Woodruff's plexus. Potential causes include trauma, infections like sinusitis, tumors, and bleeding disorders. Treatment involves first addressing any underlying conditions or vital sign abnormalities. The source of bleeding is then identified and tampons or cauterization may be used. If the source cannot be identified, anterior or posterior tampons are placed. Removal of tampons and treatment of any ongoing bleeding or complications is followed by finding and treating the underlying cause. Surgery to
Epistaxis, or nosebleeds, can occur in the front (90-95% of cases) or back (5-10% of cases) of the nose. The front involves the Kiesselbach's plexus, while the back involves Woodruff's plexus. Potential causes include trauma, infections like sinusitis, tumors, and bleeding disorders. Treatment involves first addressing any underlying conditions or vital sign abnormalities. The source of bleeding is then identified and tampons or cauterization may be used. If the source cannot be identified, anterior or posterior tampons are placed. Removal of tampons and treatment of any ongoing bleeding or complications is followed by finding and treating the underlying cause. Surgery to
Epistaxis, or nosebleeds, can occur in the front (90-95% of cases) or back (5-10% of cases) of the nose. The front involves the Kiesselbach's plexus, while the back involves Woodruff's plexus. Potential causes include trauma, infections like sinusitis, tumors, and bleeding disorders. Treatment involves first addressing any underlying conditions or vital sign abnormalities. The source of bleeding is then identified and tampons or cauterization may be used. If the source cannot be identified, anterior or posterior tampons are placed. Removal of tampons and treatment of any ongoing bleeding or complications is followed by finding and treating the underlying cause. Surgery to
Perdarahan berasal dari pleksus Kiesselbach (Little’s area) Perdarahan berasal dari pleksus Woodruff anastomosis dari anastomosis dari a. Etmoidalis anterior dan posterior (cbg a. Ophtalmica, a. Sphenopalatina dan a. Palatina descenden (cbg a. Maksilaris cbg a. Carotis interna), a. Palatina mayor (cbg a. Maksilaris interna, cbg interna), a. Ethmoidalis posterior (cbg a. Ophtalmica, cbg a. a. Carotis eksterna), a. Labialis superior (cbg a. Facialis) Carotis interna)
Observasi keadaan umum dan tanda vital perburukan tanda vital
Keadaan umum dan tanda vital stabil dan baik
Identifikasi sumber perdarahan
(hisap bekuan darah, tampon adrenalin dan lidokain
Lokasi diketahui Lokasi Tidak DIketahui
Kaustik AgNO3/ asam trikloroasetat Kauterisasi elektrik Tampon Anterior Kalau Perlu 2x24 jam/lebih Tampon Posterior Kalau perlu Rawat Tampon anterior Koagulansia oral/sistemik Kalau perlu Lab darah tepi Cari kausa dan terapi kausa Cari komplikasi dan terapi komplikasi
Angkat Tampon
Perdarahan (+) Perdarahan (-)
Tampon ulang 2x24 jam/lebih
Cari kausa dan terapi kausa Cari komplikasi dan terapi komplikasi
Angkat Tampon
Perdarahan (+) Perdarahan (-)
Intervensi bedah: ligasi arteri, sub mucosal resection/