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Bi Dirnl CSI
Bi Dirnl CSI
Bi Dirnl CSI
Coupled Inductor
Abstract—This paper proposes a new current source inverter Smaller number of the series connected switching devices
using a coupled inductor, which is derived from the circuit of the considerably reduces the power loss in the circuit, leading to
matrix converter using an additional inductor. The proposed high efficiency drives.
circuit has the bidirectional power conversion ability, providing
step-up and step-down operation in each direction, and can The previously proposed a circuit for the similar function as
switch the direction of the power flow instantaneously. This shown in Fig. 1(a) [10]. In the figure, symbol of IGBT is used
paper describes the principle of operation, the simulation results as a reverse blocking IGBT (RB-IGBT). The circuit of Fig.
and the experimental results of the proposed circuit. 1(a) is rearranged by each function of the DC-AC current
source inverter (DC-AC CSI) and the AC-DC current source
Keywords-component; Matrix converter, Coupled inductor, converter (AC-DC CSC) as shown in Fig. 1(b). Each circuit
DC-AC converter, AC-DC converter, Current source inverter has the RB-IGBTs to circulate the inductor current. These RB-
IGBTs are called freewheeling switch in this paper. The DC-
I. INTRODUCTION AC CSI and the AC-DC CSC in Fig. 1 share the same inductor
winding. Therefore, the direction of the winding current must
The matrix converter is a power conversion topology,
be reversed first in order to reverse the direction of power flow.
directly connecting the input and output with bidirectional Thus, in this circuit it is impossible to reverse the direction of
switches to convert the power in both directions [1-3]. Since it
power flow instantaneously during operation. This circuit is not
does not involve an intermediate DC voltage link and the
suitable for such applications to reverse the power flow, as in
associated large capacitive filter, the matrix converter has
the case of switching between acceleration and deceleration of
higher power density compared to other bidirectional
motor.
converters. The matrix converter realizes high efficiency by
using reverse blocking device for bi-directional switch. As a This paper proposes new circuit using the conversion
result of extensive R&D efforts in recent years [4-6], actual operation of current source inverter and the modified matrix
products using reverse blocking IGBTs (RB-IGBTs) have
already been commercialized [7]. Research works on new
topologies adopting the technology of the matrix converter
have also been actively conducted. A number of variations of
the matrix converter circuit including three-phase/single-phase
and DC/AC conversion types have been reported [8,9].
Authors have previously proposed the bidirectional DC-AC
converter with an inductor employing the matrix converter
technique [10]. It aimed to take advantages of the matrix (a) Basic Circuit
converter as; 1) high reliability and long life due to absence of
bulky electric capacitors, 2) bidirectional power flow
characteristic due to bidirectional switches, and 3) reduced
current harmonics due to operation as current source inverter. It
also provides the step-up or step-down operation in each
direction according to the condition of the voltages. Transition
between the step-up and step-down operations can be
seamlessly performed. In addition, the number of devices
connected in series in the current path is less than that in the
(b) Functional Blocks
conventional circuit employing the combination of a step- Fig. 1.
Buck-Boost Matrix Converter Circuit.
up/down chopper and a single-phase voltage source inverter.
II. PROPOSED CIRCUIT AND OPERATION Mode I and IV are performed by The DC-AC CSI and The
The proposed circuit is shown in Fig. 2. It is supposed to be AC-DC CSC respectively. On the other hand, Mode II and III
used for bidirectional power conversion between the three- can be performed by combination of The DC-AC CSI and The
phase AC load and DC power source. The proposed circuit is AC-DC CSC.
composed of the DC-AC CSI circuit and the AC-DC CSC
circuit. The AC side terminals of the DC-AC CSI and the AC- In the following figures, RB-IGBT is illustrated by the
DC CSC are connected in parallel. The negative terminal of the series connection of diode and switch. The step-down
DC-AC CSI, where the dc bus current flows in, is connected to operation of the Mode II is performed by switching the two
winding A1-B1, and the positive terminal, where the dc bus sequences as shown in Fig. 3(a) and Fig. 3(b), when the current
current flows out, is connected to the negative bus of DC flows only between U and W on the AC side.
power source. The positive terminal of the AC-DC CSC is In Fig. 3(a), the current flows through DC power source,
connected to winding A2-B2, and the negative terminal is the inductor winding A1-B1 and the motor.
connected to the positive bus of DC power source. The number
of turns of windings A1-B1 and A2-B2 are the same. These In Fig. 3(b), the current flows through the inductor winding
windings are tightly coupled in the polarity shown by dots in A1-B1 and the motor.
Fig. 2. Since the DC-AC CSI and the AC-DC CSC work as the The ratio of input voltage and output voltage is adjusted by
current source converter, capacitors are connected to AC and controlling the time ratio of Fig. 3(a) and Fig. 3(b).
DC terminals to filter the current ripple.
The step-up operation of the Mode III is performed by
The DC-AC CSI executes conversion operation of switching the two-sequences as shown in Fig. 4(a) and Fig.
powering the motor, whereas the AC-DC CSC executes 4(b), when the current flows only between U and W on the AC
conversion operation of regenerating. The proposed circuit, on side.
the other hand, uses a coupled inductor with separate windings
for the DC-AC CSI and the AC-DC CSC. The inductor current In Fig. 4(a), the current flows through the inductor winding
flows through only the winding connected to the closed current A2-B2 and the motor.
path [11]. One salient feature of the proposed circuit is that the In Fig. 4(b), the current flows through DC power source,
polarities of the windings are selected so that the current the inductor winding A2-B2 and the motor.
viewed from DC power source in one winding is opposite to
that in the other winding. Thus, it is possible to easily reverse
the direction of power flow by switching the appropriate RB-
IGBTs connected to the windings on and off. Therefore, the
proposal circuit is suitable for the motor drive, where
instantaneous switching between powering and regenerating of
the power flow.
Details of the bidirectional step-up and step-down operation
of the proposed circuit are explained as follows. There are four
operating modes according to the direction of power flow
Fig. 5. First-Order Delta-Sigma Modulator and Comparator. Fig. 6. Clock and AC side PWM pulse.
" Table 1.
Simulation Parameters.
S1c=S1⋅ Qp
$ DC power source Voltage 100V
S3c=S3⋅ Qp $ Inductance of coupled inductor 1.2mH
$
S5c=S5⋅ Qp $ Coupling coefficient of coupled inductor 0.99
# (3)
S4c=S4⋅ (Qp ⋅ Qo+Qp ⋅ Qo) $ Capacitance of Output filter 24μF
$ Carrier Frequency 10kHz
S6c=S6⋅ (Qp ⋅ Qo+Qp ⋅ Qo) $
S2c=S2⋅ (Qp ⋅ Qo+Qp ⋅ Qo) $% operation and step-up operation from the 100V DC of power
source. Also, it shows that when the motor operates at the
acceleration, the current flows into winding A1-B1, and the
When the value of Qp is zero and Qo is 1, S1c to S6c proposed circuit operates in the powering mode. When the
mainly operates. When the value of Qp is 1 and Qo is zero S2c, motor speed is constant, the inductor current shifts between
S4c and S6c operate as freewheeling switches. windings A1-B1 and A2-B2, the average output power
becomes the same as friction loss. When the motor starts
decelerating, the current flows through winding A2-B2 only,
IV. SIMULATION RESULTS
operating in the regenerating mode. When the motor goes
The circuit shown in Fig. 7 was programed on the across the zero-speed, it resumes acceleration in reverse
simulation software Simplorer. In the simulation control block, direction, and the current is returned to winding A1-B1
as shown in Fig. 8, motor speed and winding current idc1+idc2 operating in the powering mode.
of a coupled inductor are controlled. The current reference
id_ref is constant. The current reference iq_ref is obtained by
using Speed Controller (P controller). The voltage reference λc
is obtained by using Current Controller (PI controller). The
phase of the output current reference compensates with the
value of id_ref and iq_ref. The amplitude of iuw*, ivw*, iwv* is
a fixed value and is the same as that of the carrier. In addition,
the third harmonic of the output frequency is added to the
modulation signals in comparison with the carrier signal. As a
result, Zero Current Vectors are more uniformly distributed
throughout the output cycle. Therefore, generating of a very (a) Motor Speed [min-1]
narrow pulse can be prevented.
Simulation conditions are shown in Table 1. The simulation
results at four-quadrant operation of a 200V, four poles, and
3.7kW induction motor without load is shown in Fig. 9. When
the acceleration and deceleration of the induction motor are
carried out in the range of ±1,500min-1, the output voltage
between terminals U and W changes from zero to about ±300V.
It proves that the proposed circuit works in the step-down
(b) Output Voltage [V]
idc2 (A2-B2)
V. EXPERIMENTAL RESULTS In the experiment control block, as shown in Fig. 12, output
voltages and winding current idc1+idc2 of a coupled inductor
The experimental circuit configuration is shown in Fig. 10. are controlled. Since the induction motor used in the
The proposed circuit combined two set of Matrix Converter. experiment does not have the speed sensor, control block
The DC-AC CSI and the AC-DC CSC were created with the regulates the output voltages. The current reference idc_ref is
Matrix Converter where one current direction of the obtained by using Voltage Controller (PI controller). The
bidirectional switches are disabled. Four coupled inductors are voltage reference λc is obtained by using Current Controller (PI
connected in series as DCL. The prototype coupled inductor controller).
uses bifilar winding as shown in Fig. 11. The inductance value
is 0.3mH and coupling coefficient exceeds 0.99. Waveforms of acceleration at the time of start are shown in
Fig. 13(a) and waveforms of deceleration and acceleration are
Inductor current idc1 + idc2 was measured with one DCCT. shown in Fig. 13(b). The output voltage between terminals U
It had two voltage detectors that monitor output ac voltages and W changes from a value lower than DC voltage to a high
Vuw and Vvu. The controller assembled by DSP value during acceleration, and during deceleration, proving the
TMS320F2808 and FPGA EP3C40Q240C8N. The PWM capability of its step-up and step-down operation. At the time
pulses S1-S6, the delta-sigma pulse Qo and Qp signal were of a deceleration, DC current shifts to the winding A2-B2 and
generated by DSP. The signals from DSP were processed in the it is regenerating to DC power source. When the deceleration
logical operations, the PWM pulses S1c-S6c and S1i-S6i were finishes and the acceleration starts, DC current shifts to the
generated by FPGA. A 200 V, four poles, 3.7kW induction winding A1-B1 and the operation of powering starts.
motor without load was used and other conditions were the
same as Table 1. The expanded waveforms at the time of DC current shifting
are shown in Fig. 14. Since the coupling coefficient is very
high, DC current can shift instantaneously between windings
A1-B1 and A2-B2 and the direction of power flow can also
change instantaneously.
Fig. 11. Prototype Coupled Inductor with Bifilar Winding. Fig. 12. Experiment Control Block.
VI. CONCLUSIONS
In this paper, New DC-AC Current Source Inverter Using
Coupled Inductor was proposed, and operation of the proposed
DC Voltage 100V/div
circuit was explained. The simulation of four-quadrant
operation with an induction motor under no load condition was
performed. It was confirmed through the simulation and the
experiment that the proposed circuit performs bidirectional
Output Voltage 100V/div step-up and step-down conversion, and that performs the
direction of electric energy flow can be changed
instantaneously. The proposed circuit is suitable for motor
drive from the results.
idc1 (A1-B1) 10A/div