‫ ابدي‬abadīya infinite duration, endless
‫ا‬ time, eternity
‫ ا‬a particle introducing direct and indirect
questions; ‫ أم ― ا‬a - am in alternative
questions; ‫ أم ―سواء ا‬sawā’un a ― am no
matter whether - or; ‫ أ و‬a-wa particle
indicating or implying doubt: or? perhaps?
(atau/apakah) ‫( اَوتشك في ذلك‬tašukku) you
wouldn't doubt it, would you? do you
perhaps doubt it? or do you doubt it? ‫اَال‬
alā and ‫ اَما‬a-mā intensifying interjections
introducing sentences: verily, truly,
indeed, oh yes, etc., ‫( اَال فانظروا‬fa-nẓurū)
oh, do look! why, look! ‫( اَما انه‬innahū)
why, he is ... !
1
‫ آب‬āb2 August = Agustus (month; Syr., Leb.,
Jord., Ir.)
2
‫ اب‬see ‫ابو‬
3
‫ اب‬abba u to long, yearn, (‫ إلى وطنه‬ilā
waṯanihi for one's homeland)
4
‫ ابيب‬look up alphabetically
‫( اباتي‬It. abate) abātī abbot (Chr.)
‫ ابالة‬ibāla, ibbāla bundle, bale
‫ يا ابت‬see ‫ابو‬
‫ ابجد‬abjad alphabet
‫ ابجدي‬abjadī alphabetic(al); ‫ ابجديات‬elementary
facts, simple truths │ ‫الحروف االبجدية‬the
letters of the alphabet
‫ ابد‬abada (‫ ابود‬ubūd) to stay, linger (‫ ب‬at a
place); ― i u to roam in a state of
wildness, run wild, be shy, shy away, run
away (animal, game) II to make lasting or
permanent, perpetuate, eternize (‫ ھـ‬s.th.) V
to be perpetuated, become lasting or
permanentl; to return to a state of wildness
‫ ابد‬abad pl. ‫ آباد‬ābād endless, eternal
duration, eternity; ‫ ابدا‬abadan always,
forever; ever, (with neg.) never (in the
future), not at all, on no account; (alone,
without negation) never! not at all! By no
means! │ ‫ إلى األبد‬،‫ على األبد‬and ‫أبد الدھر‬
abada d-dahri forever; ‫ ابد اآلبدين‬abada l-
abadīn and ‫ إلى ابد اآلبدين‬ilā abadi l-a.
forever and ever
‫ ابدي‬abadi everlasting, eternal, endless
‫ االبدي‬al-abadī eternity
‫ آبد‬ābid wild, untamed
‫ آبدة‬ābida pl. ‫ اوابد‬awābid2 unusual
thing, prodigious event │ ‫ اوابد الدنيا‬a. ad-
dunyā the Wonders of the World
‫ مؤبد‬mu'abbad eternal, endless,
everlasting │‫( سجن مؤبد‬sijn) life
imprisonment
1
‫ ابر‬abara i u (abr) to prick, sting II to
pollinate (‫ ھـ‬a palm tree)
‫ ابرة‬ibra pl. ‫ ابر‬ibar needle, pln;
indicator (of an instrument); shot,
injection (med.);sting, prick │ ‫حقنه ابرة‬
ḥaqanahu ibratan to give s.o. an injection;
‫ ابرة الراعى‬i. ar-rā‘ī geranium (bot.); ‫ابرة‬
‫( مغناطيسية‬magnāṯīsīya) magnetic needle;
‫ شغل االبرة‬šug1 al-i. needlework
‫ مئبر‬mi'bar needlecase; pack needle
2
‫ آبار‬ābār see ‫بئر‬
‫ ابريشية‬abrašīya and ‫ ابروشية‬abrūšīya pl. -āt
diocese, bishoprie (Chr.); parish (Chr.)
‫ ابرميس‬abramīs, ‫ ابراميس‬bream (zool.)
‫ ابريز‬pure gold 1
‫ ابريسم‬ibrīsam, ibrīsim silk
‫ ابريق‬ibrīq pl. ‫ اباريق‬abārīq2 pitcher, jug
‫ ابريل‬abril April
‫ ابزن‬abzan pl. ‫ ابازن‬abāzin2 washbowl
‫ ابزيم‬ibzīm pl. ‫ ابازم‬abāzim2 buckle, clasp
‫ ابض‬ubḍ pl. ‫ آباض‬ābāḍ and ‫ مأبض‬ma’biḍ pl.
‫ مآبض‬ma’ābiḍ2 hollow of the knee,
popliteal space
‫ ابط‬V to take or carry under one's arm (‫ ھـ‬s.th.);
to put one's arm (‫ ه‬،‫ ھـ‬around s.o., around
s.th.), hold in one's arm (‫ ه‬،‫ ھـ‬s.th.)
‫ ابط‬ibṯ pl. ‫ آباط‬ābāṯ m. and f. armpit
‫ ابق‬abaqa i (‫ اباق‬ibāq) to escape, run away (a
slave from his master)
‫ ابق‬abaq a kind of hemp
‫ آبق‬ābiq pl. ‫ اباق‬ubbāq runaway,
escaped; a fugitive
1
‫ ابل‬ibil (coll.) camel
2
‫ ابالة‬ibāla, ibbāla bundle, bale
‫ ابليز‬iblīz alluvial deposits (of the Nile)
‫ ابليس‬iblīs pl. ‫ ابالسة‬abālisa devil, Satan
1
‫ ابن‬II to celebrate, praise, eulogize (‫ ه‬a
deceased person), deliver a funeral oration
(‫ ه‬in praise of s.o.)
‫ ابنة‬ubna passive pederasty
‫ ابان‬ibbān time: ‫ ابان‬ibbāna during, ‫في‬
‫ ابان‬at the time of, during
‫ تأبين‬ta’bīn commemoration (of a
deceased person) │‫ حفلة تأبين‬ḥaflat at-t.
commemorative celebration (in honor of a
deceased person)
‫ مأبون‬ma’būn catamite; weakling,
mollycoddle, sissy; scoundrel
2
‫ ابن‬see 1‫بن‬
‫ ابنوس‬abnūs ebony
‫ ابه‬abaha and abiha a (abh) to pay attention (
‫ل‬, also ‫ ب‬to), heed (‫ل‬, also ‫ ب‬s.th.), take
notice (‫ل‬, also ‫ ب‬of) │‫امر ال يؤبه له‬
(yu'bahu) an insignificant, unimportant
matter V to display proud, haughty
manners; to turn away, keep one's
distance, remain aloof (‫ عن‬from), look
down (‫ عن‬upon), think o.s. far above (‫عن‬
s.o. or s.th.)
‫ ابھة‬ubbaha splendor, pomp,
ostentation, pageantry; pride
‫ اب‬ab pl. ‫ آباء‬aba' father (also eccl.): ancestor,
forefather: ‫ يــا ابــت‬yā abati O my father!
‫ االبــوان‬al-abawān the parents, father and
mother; ‫ ابونا‬abūnā reverend father, form of
address and title of a priest (Chr). │‫ابا عن جد‬
aban ‘an jaddin handed down from father
to son, as s.th. inherited from forefathers;
‫ ا بو سعن‬abū su’n marabou; ‫ ا بو ال نوم‬abū n-
naum poppy; ‫ ابـــو الھـــول‬abū l-haul the
Sphinx; ‫ ابـــو اليقظـــان‬abū l-yaqẓān rooster,
cock
‫ ابوة‬ubūwa fatherhood, paternity
‫ ابوي‬abawī paternal, fatherly
‫ ابونيت‬ebonite
‫( ابونيه‬Fr. abonné) abūneh pl. -āt subscription;
subscription card (e.g., for public
conveyances, a concert season, etc.)
‫ ابى‬abā a (‫ اباء‬ibā’, ‫ اباءة‬ibā’a) to refuse,
decline; to turn down, reject, scorn,
disdain (‫ ھـ‬s.th.): to deny (‫ على ھـ‬s.o. s.th.)
│ ‫( ابى اال أن يفعله‬illā an yaf’alahū) he
insisted on doing it; ‫ ابى ﷲ إال أن‬God willed
that ... V to refuse, decline
‫ اباء‬ibā’, ‫ اباءة‬ibā’a rejection; dislike,
distaste, aversion, disdain; pride
‫ ابي‬abīy disdainful, scornful: proud,
lofty, lofty-minded
‫ آب‬ābin pl. ‫ اباة‬ubāh reserved,
standoffish; unwilling, reluctant, grudging
‫ ابيب‬abīb the eleventh month of the Coptic
calendar 2
‫ ابيقوري‬abīqūrī Epicurean
‫ ابيقوري‬abīqūriya Epicureanism
‫ اترج‬utrujj and ‫ اترنج‬utrunj citron (Citrus
medica; bot.)
‫( آتشجي‬Turk. ateşçi) ātešgī fireman, stoker
‫ مأتم‬ma’tam pl. ‫ مآتم‬ma’ātim2 obsequies, funeral
ceremony
1
‫ اتان‬atān pl. ‫ آتن‬ātun, ‫ اتن‬utun, utn female
donkey, she-ass
2
‫ اتون‬atūn, attūn pl. ‫ اتن‬utun, ‫ اتاتن‬atātīn2 kiln,
furnace, oven
‫ اتاوة‬itāwa pl. ‫ اتاوى‬atāwā duty, tax, tribute
‫( اتوبيس‬Fr.) otobīs autobus, bus
‫( اتوماتيكي‬Fr.) otomātīkī automatic
‫ اتومبيل‬boyl lI‫الى‬d ‫( اتوموبيل‬Fr.) otomobīl
automobile
‫ اتى‬atā i (‫ اتيان‬ityān, ‫ اتى‬aty, ‫ مأتاة‬to come (‫ ه‬or
‫ الى‬to; ‫ على‬over s.o.), arrive (‫ ھـ‬or ‫ الى‬at); ‫ب‬
‫ اتى‬to bring, bring forward, produce,
advance, accomplish or achieve s.th.; ‫اتى ه‬
‫ ب‬to bring, give or offer s.o. s.th.; to do,
perform (‫ ھـ‬a deed), carry out, execute (‫ھـ‬
e.g., movements); to commit, perpetrate (
‫ ھـ‬a sin, a. crime); to mention (‫ على‬s.th.); to
finish off (‫ على‬s.th., also s.o.); to finish,
complete, carry through, dispose, settle,
wind up, conclude, terminate, bring to a
close (‫ على‬s.th.); to destroy, annihilate,
eradicate, wipe out (‫ على‬s.th.); to
eliminate, carry away, sweep away (‫على‬
s.th.), do away (‫ على‬with); to use up,
exhaust (also a subject), present
exhaustively, in great detail (‫ على‬s.th.),
elaborate (‫ على‬on s.th.) │ ‫ كما يأتي‬as
 follows; ‫( اتى على آخره‬ākhirihī) to
complete, finish s.th.; to spend or use up
the last of s.th.; ‫ اتى على األخضر واليابس‬to
destroy everything, wreak havoc; ‫اتى‬
‫ البيوت من ابوابھا‬s.th. in the right way, knock
on the right door;‫ يؤتى من قبل‬yu’ta min
qibali is undermined, weakened, ruined by
III to offer furnish, give, afford (‫ ب‬to s.o.
s.th.), provide, supply (‫ ب‬s.o. with); to be
propitious, be favorable (‫ ه‬for s.o.), favor (
‫ ه‬s.o.); to turn out well (. for s.o.), be in
favor (‫ ه‬of); to suit, befit, become (‫ ه‬s.o.),
be appropriate (‫ ه‬for s.o.); to agree (‫ ه‬with
s.o.; food) │‫( اتاه كل شيء‬kullu šai’in)
everything was in his favor, turned out
well for him, came his way IV to bring (‫ھـ‬
s.o. s.th.); to give (‫ ھـ‬s.o. s.th.); to grant (‫ھـ‬
‫ ه‬to s.o. s.th.), bestow (‫ ھـ‬upon s.o. s.th.) │
‫( آتى الزكاة‬zakāta) to give alms V to
originate, stem, derive, spring, arise, result
(‫ عن‬from); to end (‫ عن‬with), result (‫عن‬
in); to get (‫ الى‬to), arrive (‫ الى‬at); to be easy
to do, be feasible without difficulty, be
attainable, go well, progress; to go about
s.th. (‫ )فى‬gently, cautiously X to ask to
come, induce to come (‫ ه‬s.o.)
‫ مأتى‬ma’tan pl. ‫ مآت‬ma’ātin place where
s.th. comes from; place at which one
arrives; access; pl. ‫ مآت‬place of origin;
origin, source, provenance; place where
one has been or to which one has come;
place where s.th. starts, where s.th. ends
‫ آت‬ātin coming, next; following │
‫( األسبوع اآلتي‬usbū‘) the coming week, next
week; ‫ كاآلتي‬as follows
‫ موات‬mu’ātin, muwātin favorable,
propitious, opportune, convenient, suitable
‫ اث‬aṯṯa u I a (‫ اثاثة‬aṯāṯa) to be luxuriant, grow
profusely (hair, plants) II to fix up,
prepare (‫ ھـ‬s.th.); to furnish (‫ ھـ‬an
apartment) V to be or become rich,
wealthy, to prosper; to be furnished
‫ اثاث‬aṯāṯ furniture, furnishings (of an
apartment, of a room)
‫ تأثيث‬ta’ṯīṯ furnishing
‫ اث‬aṯṯ, ‫ اثاث‬aṯīṯ abundant, luxuriant,
profusely growing (hair, plants)
‫ اثر‬aṯara u i (aṯr, ‫ اثارة‬aṯāra) to transmit, pass
along, report, relate (‫ ھـ‬s.th., ‫ عن‬from, or
based on the authority of, s.o.) II to affect,
influence (‫ في‬or ‫ على‬s.o., s.th.), act (‫ في‬or
‫ على‬upon), produce an effect, make an
impression, have influence (‫ في‬or ‫ على‬on);
to induce (phys.) IV to prefer (‫ ھـ على‬s.th.
to), like (‫ ھـ‬s.th.) more (‫ على‬than); to have a
predilection, a liking (‫ ھـ‬for), like (‫ ھـ‬s.th.),
be fond (‫ ھـ‬of); to choose, deem wise or
advisable (‫ ان‬to do s.th.); to adore (‫ ه‬،‫ھـ‬
s.o., s.th.) │‫( آثر نفسه بالخير‬nafsahū bi-l-
kair) to wish o.s. well, hope for the best
for o.s. V to be impressed, be influenced;
to let o.s. be impressed, be impressible; to
be moved, be touched (‫ ب‬or ‫ ل‬by, also ‫;)من‬
to be excited, be stimulated; to be affected
(‫ ب‬by, said of materials, e.g., iron by acid);
to be induced (phys.); to follow in s.o.’s (‫)ه‬
tracks, follow s.o.’s example, emulate (‫ه‬
s.o.); to pursue, follow up (‫ ھـ‬a question, a
problem); to perceive, feel (‫ ھـ‬s.th.) X to
claim a monopoly; to possess alone, with
the exclusion of others, monopolize (‫ب‬
s.th.); to appropriate (‫ ب‬s.th.), take
exclusive possession (‫ ب‬of); to preoccupy
(‫ ھـ‬s.th.), engross (‫ ھـ‬the attention) │‫استأثر‬
‫ ﷲ به‬the Lord has taken him unto Himself
‫ اثر‬aṯar pl. ‫ آثار‬āṯār track, trace, vestige;
sign, mark; touch; impression, effect,
action, influence (‫ في‬on); tradition
(relating the deeds and utterances of
Mohammed and his Companions); work
(of art, esp. of literature); ancient
monument; ‫ آثار‬antiquities; remnants,
vestiges; (religious) relics │‫‘ علم اآلثار‬ilm
al-a. archeology; ‫ دار اآلثار‬museum of
antiquities; ‫( ال اثر له‬aṯara) ineffective,
ineffectnal; ‫( بأثر رجعي‬raj‘ī) with
retroactive force (jur.); ‫اصبح اثرا بعد عين‬
aṣbaḥa aṯaran ba‘da ‘ainin to be
destroyed, be wiped out, leave nothing but
memory behind; ‫( اعاده اثرا بعد عين‬a‘adahū)
to destroy s.th. completely ; ‫ في اثره‬،‫على اثره‬
(also fī iṯrihī) on his (its) track, at his
heels, after him; immediately afterwards,
presently, thereupon; ;'11 j. immediately
afterwards, presently
‫ اثر‬iṯra (prep.) immediately after, right
after
‫ اثري‬aṯarī archeologic(a1); archeologist
(also ‫ آثاري‬āṯārī); old, ancient, antique │
‫ عالم اثري‬archeologist; ‫( لغة اثرية‬luga) dead
language
‫ اثر‬aṯir egoistic, selfish
 ‫ اثرة‬aṯara selfishness, egoism
‫ اثير‬aṯīr favored, preferred (‫ عند‬by s.o.),
in favor (‫ عند‬with s.o.); select, exquisite,
noble; see also alphabetically
‫ اثارة‬aṯāra remainder, remnant; faint
trace, vestige
2 misdeed, crime
‫ مأثرة‬ma’ṯara, ma’ṯura pl. ‫ مآثر‬ma’āṯir
exploit, feat, glorious deed
‫ تأثير‬ta’ṯīr action, effect, influence,
impression (‫ على‬،‫ في‬on); effectiveness,
efficacy; induction (phys.)
‫ تأثيري‬ta’ṯīrī produced by induction,
inductive, inductional, induced (phys.)
‫ إيثار‬īṯār preference; altruism;
predilection; love, affection
‫ تأثر‬ta’aṯṯur being influenced; agitation,
emotion, feeling; excitability, sensitivity;
(pl. -āt) feeling, sensation, perception │
‫ سريع التأثر‬easily impressed, impressible,
sensitive
‫ تأثري‬ta’aṯṯurī: ‫المذھب التأثري‬
(madhab)the impressionistic movement
‫ تأثرية‬ta’atturīya impressionism
‫ استئثار‬isti’tār arrogation of a monopoly;
monopolization; presumption,
presumptuousness; exclusive power
‫ مأثور‬ma’tūr transmitted, handed down
│ ‫(قول مأثور‬qaul) and ‫( كلمة مأثورة‬kalima)
proverb
‫ مؤثر‬mu’attir affecting, acting upon;
effective; impressive; moving, touching,
pathetic; (pl. -āt) influencing factor,
influence
2
‫ أثير‬look up alphabetically
‫ أثفية‬utfīya pl. ‫ أثاف‬atāfin trivet, tripod (in
&ncient times: &ny one of the three
stones supporting a cooking pot near the
fire) │ ‫ ثالثة األثافي‬that which rounds out a
number, caps s.th., puts the lid on s.th., the
crowning touch
‫ اثل‬atala i to consolidate, strengthen II to
become rich V to be consolidated, be
strengthened; to become rich
‫ اثل‬atl pl. ‫ اثول‬utūl (coll.; n. un. pl.
atalat) tamarisk (bot.)
‫ اثيل‬atīl and ‫ مؤثل‬mu’attal deep-rooted;
of noble origin, highborn
‫ اثم‬atima a (itm, atam, ‫ مأثم‬ma’tam) to sin, err,
slip V to eschew sin, shun evil; to restrain
o.s. hold back
‫ اثم‬itm pl. ‫ آثام‬ātām sin, offense,
‫ مأثم‬ma’tam pl. ‫ مآثم‬sin, offense,
misdeed, crime
‫ تأثيم‬sin, offense, misdeed, crime
‫ آثم‬ātim pl. ‫ اثمة‬atama and ‫ اثيم‬atīm pl.
‫ اثماء‬atmā’ sinful, criminal, wicked, evil;
sinner
‫ اثمد‬itmid antimony
‫ اثير‬atīr ether
‫ اثينا‬atīnā Athens
‫ اثيوبيا‬atyūbiyā Ethiopia
‫ اثيوبي‬atyūbī Ethiopian; (pl.-ūn) an
Ethiopian │ ‫البالد االثيوبية‬Ethiopia
‫ اج‬ajja u i (‫ اجيج‬ajīj) to burn, blaze, flame (fire)
II to light, kindle, start (‫ ھـ‬a fire) V = I
‫ ماء اجاج‬mā’ ujāj bitter, salty water
‫ اجاج‬ajjāj burning, blazing, hot
‫ متأجج‬muta’ajjij burning, blazing,
flaming
‫ اجبية‬ajabīya horologium (Copt.-Chr.)
2
‫ أجر‬ajara u (ajr) to reward, recompense,
remunerate (‫ ھـ‬s.o.) II to let for rent, let
out, hire out, rent, lease (‫ ھـ‬s.th.); (with
nafsahū) to hire s.o. out IV to let for rent,
let out, hire out, rent, lease (‫ ھـ‬s.th.); to
rent, hire, lease, hold under a lease (‫ھـ‬
s.th.), take a lease, (‫ ھـ‬on); to hire, engage,
take on (‫ ه‬s.o.), engage the services (‫ ه‬of
s.o.) X to rent, hire, lease, hold under a
lease (‫ھـ‬.th.), take a lease (‫ ھـ‬on); to charter
(‫ ھـ‬a vessel); to hire, engage, take on (‫ه‬
s.o.), engage the service (‫ ه‬of s.o.)
‫ اجر‬ajr pl. ‫ اجور‬ujūr wages, pay,
honorarium, recompense, emolument,
remuneration; price, rate, fee │ ‫اجور السفر‬
u. as-safar fares
‫ اجرة‬ujra hire, rent, rental; price, rate,
fee; fixed rate, (official) charge; postage │
‫ اجرة البريد‬postage; ‫ اجرة النقل‬u. an-naql
 transport charges, freight(age), carriage,
cartage
‫ اجير‬ajīr pl. ‫ اجراء‬ujarā’ hireling;
workman, laborer, day laborer; employee
‫ اجيرة‬ajīra working woman, factory
girl, female laborer; woman employee
‫ تأجير‬ta’jīr letting, leasing, hiring out,
letting on lease; lease│ ‫مشروع التأجير‬
‫( واإلعارة‬i‘āra) Lend-Lease Act
‫ ايجار‬ījār pl. -āt rent; letting, leasing,
hiring out, letting on lease│ ‫ لإليجار‬for
rent, to let
‫ اجارة‬ijāra pl. -āt rent; letting, leasing,
hiring out, letting on lease
‫ استئجار‬isti’jār rent, lease, tenure
‫ مأجور‬ma’jūr paid, salaried, on the
payroll, gainfully employed; employee;
mercenary, venal, hired, bribed
‫ مؤجر‬mu’ajjir pl. -ūn landlord, lessor
‫ مستأجر‬musta’jir leaseholder, lessee,
tenant; employer 5
2
‫ آجر‬ājurr (n. un. ‫ )ة‬baked brick
‫ اجزاجي‬see ‫جزء‬
‫ اجزاخانة‬see ‫جزء‬
‫ اجاص‬ijjāṣ pear
‫ اجل‬ajala a (ajal) to hesitate, tarry, linger II to
delay, postpone, put off, defer, adjourn (‫ھـ‬
‫ الى‬s.th. till) V to be postponed, be
deferred, be adjourned (‫ مؤجر‬till, to) X to
request postponement (‫ ھـ‬of s.th.); to seek
to delay (‫ ھـ‬s.th.)
‫ اجل‬ajal yes, indeed! certainly! by all means!
‫ ألجل‬li-ajli or ‫ من اجل‬min ajli because of,
on account of, for the sake of; for │ ‫ألجل‬
‫أن‬in order that, that, so that; ‫مــن أجــل ھــذا‬
therefore, for that reason, on this account
‫ اجل‬ajal pl. ‫ آجال‬ājāl appointed time,
date, deadline; instant of death; respite,
delay│‫ باألجل‬on credit (com.); ‫قصير األجل‬
short-term, short-time; short-lived: ‫إلى أجل‬
‫( غير مسمى‬gairi musammā) for an
indefinite period, sine die, until further
notice
‫ تأجيل‬ta’jīl delay, postponement,
adjournment, deferment, respite;
appointment of a time or date
‫ آجل‬ājil delayed, protracted; deferred;
later, future (as opposed to ‫عاجل(│ عاجال او‬
‫’آجال‬ājilan au ājilan, ‫ في عاجله او آجله‬sooner
or later, now or later on; ‫في العاجل واآلجل‬
now and in the future
‫ اآلجلة‬al-ājila the life to come, the
hereafter
‫ مؤجل‬mu’ajjal delayed, late, postponed,
deferred; fixed in time, deadlined
‫ اجمة‬ajama, coll. ‫ اجم‬ajam pl. -āt, ‫ اجم‬ujum, ‫آجام‬
ājām thicket, jungle, forest: reeds,
canebrake
‫ اجمية‬ajamiya malaria│ ‫ بعوضة األجمية‬ba‘ūḍat
al-a. anopheles
‫ آجن‬ājin brackish (water)
‫ اجندة‬ajanda notebook
‫ اح‬aḥḥa u (aḥḥ) to cough
‫ احد‬II to make into one, unite, unify (‫ ھـ‬s.th.)
VIII ‫ اتحد‬see ‫وحد‬
‫ احد‬aḥad, f. ‫ احدى‬one: somebody, someone,
anybody, anyone (esp. in negative
sentences and questions); ‫ األحد‬the One
(God); Sunday│‫ احدھم‬aḥaduhum every one
of them; ‫ يوم األحد‬yaum al-a. Sunday; ‫أحد‬
‫ السعف‬a. as-sa‘af Palm Sunday; ‫أحد العنصرة‬
a. al-‘anṣara Whitsunday; ‫ آحد األلوف‬āḥād
al-ulūf a few thousand (2-9000; as
distinguished from ‫ عشرات األلوف‬and ‫مئات‬
‫)األلوف‬
‫ احدي‬aḥadī dominical, Sunday (adj.)
‫ احدية‬aḥadīya unity, oneness
‫ اآلحد‬al-āḥād the units (math.)
1
‫ احن‬aḥina a (aḥan) to bate (‫ على‬s.o.)
‫ احنة‬iḥna pl. ‫ احن‬iḥan old feud, deep-rooted
hatred
2
‫ احين‬see ‫اوح‬
‫ اخ‬see ‫اخو‬
‫ اخت‬see ‫اخو‬
‫ اخذ‬aḳaḍa u (aḳḍ) to take (‫ من ھـ‬s.th. from or
out of): to take (‫ ھـ‬s.th.) along: to get,
receive, obtain (‫ من ھـ‬s.th. from); to take
up, seize (‫ ھـ‬s.th.); to grab (‫ ب‬s.o., s.th.),
take hold of (‫)ب‬: to perceive, notice (‫ ه‬s.o.,
said of the eye); to gather, understand,
infer, deduce (‫ من ھـ‬s.th. from), read (‫ھـ‬
s.th.) between the lines (‫ من‬of); to grip,
captivate, thrill, spellbind (‫ ب‬s.o.); to take
up, acquire, make one's own (‫ ب‬s.th., e.g.,
a method); to keep, adhere (‫ ب‬to),
observe, take over, adopt, embrace,
follow, copy, imitate (‫ ب‬s.th.); to accept (
‫ ب‬s.th.); to take, lead (‫ الى ب‬s.o. to); to
admonish, urge, drive (‫ ب ه‬s.o. to do s.th.);
to enjoin, impose (‫ ب ه‬on s.o. s.th.); to take
away (‫ ه على‬from s.o. s.th.), strip, deprive (
‫ ه على‬s.o. of), cut off, bar (‫ ه على‬s.o. from);
to reproach, hlame (‫ ه على‬s.o. for); to hold
against s.o. (‫ )على‬that ... (‫)ان‬, fix the blame
(‫ على‬on s.o., ‫ ان‬for the fact that); to
obligate (‫ ب على‬s.o. to); to learn (‫ على‬or ‫عن‬
from s.o., ‫ ھـ‬s.th.), acquire knowledge (‫على‬
or ‫ عن‬from s.o.), ‫'( أخذ العلم عنه‬ilm) to study
under s.o.; to begin, start (‫ في‬or ‫ ب‬with
s.th. or s.th., with foll. imperf.: to do s.th.),
prepare, set out, be about (‫ في‬or ‫ ب‬to do
s.th.) │ ‫( أخذ أبھته‬uhbatahū) to make
preparations, prepare o.s., get ready; ‫أخذ‬
‫( مأخذ فالن‬ma’ḳad) to adopt the same
course as s.o. else, follow s.o.’s example;
‫ أخذ منه مأخذا‬to seize s.o., take possession of
s.o. (a sensation, or the like); ‫أخذ مجراه‬
(majrāhu) to take its course; ‫أخذ مجلسه‬
(majlisahū) to take one's seat, sit down;
‫( أخذ خذره‬ḥidrahū) to be on one's guard;
‫( أخذه بالحسنى‬ḥusnā) to be friendly, be nice
to s.o.; ‫( أخذ بخاطره‬bi-ḳāṯirihī) to show o.s.
complaisant toward s.o., try to please s.o.;
‫( أخذ بذنبه‬bi-danbihi) to punish s.o. for his
offense; ‫( أخذ رأيه‬ra'yahū) to ask s.o.’s
opinion, consult s.o.; ‫( أخذ الرأي عليه‬uḳida
r-ra'yu) the matter was put to a vote; ‫أخذ‬
‫( بأسباب‬bi-asbābi) to embrace, adopt s.th.,
e.g., ‫( أخذ بأسباب الحضارة األروبية‬ḥaḍāra) to
adopt European culture; ‫( أخذ بالشدة‬šidda) to
deal with s.o. severely, give s.o. a rough
time; ‫ أخذ عليه طريقه‬to obstruct s.o.’s way,
hinder s.o. from moving on; ‫ أخذ على عاتقه‬to
shoulder s.th., take s.th. upon o.s.; ‫أخذ العدة‬
‫‘( ل‬udda) to prepare, set out, get ready to
do s.th.; ‫‘( أخذ عليه عھدا‬ahdan) to put s.o.
under an obligation, impose a
commitment on s.o.; ‫أخذ على )حين( غرة‬
uḳida ‘alā (ḥīni) girratin to be taken by
surprise, be caught unawares; ‫أخذ بالمقابلة‬
(muqābala) to repay like for like; ‫شيء يأخذ‬
‫ القلوب‬s.th. which captivates the heart, a
fascinating, thrilling thing; ‫أخذنا المطر‬
(maṯarū) we got caught in the rain; ‫أخذ‬
‫( بناصره‬bi-nāṣirihi) to help s.o., stand by
s.o., take care of s.o., look after s.o.; ‫أخذ‬
‫( نفسه‬nafasahū) to draw breath; ‫أخذ عليه‬
‫ أنفاسه‬to take s.o.’s breath away; ‫أخذ النوم‬
(naum) sleep overwhelmed him; ‫أخذ بيده‬
(bi-yadihī) to help s.o., stand by s.o. II to
lay under a spell, enchant, bewitch (‫ ه‬s.o.)
III to censure, blame (‫ على ه‬،‫ ب‬s.o. for
s.th.); to punish (‫ على ه‬،‫ ب‬s.o. for); to hold
s.th. (‫ )على‬against s.o. (‫)ه‬, resent (‫ على‬s.th.
‫ه‬, in s.o.)│ ‫ ال تؤاخذني‬lā tu’āḳidnī pardon
me! forgive me! no offense, I hope! VIII
‫ اتخذ‬ittaḳada to take (‫ ه‬s.th.); to take on,
assume (‫ ھـ‬s.th.); to take up, occupy (‫ھـ‬
s.th.); to pass, adopt (‫ ھـ‬e.g., a resolution);
to take, single out, have in mind (‫ ه ه‬،‫ھـ ھـ‬
s.o. or s.th. as); to make use (‫ ھـ‬of s.th.),
use (‫ ھـ‬s.th.); to imitate, affect (‫ ھـ‬e.g.,
s.o.’s manner of speaking); to make (‫من ھـ‬
s.th. out of s.o. or s.th.)│ ‫( اتخذ شكال‬šaklan)
to take on a form or shape; ‫اتخذ موقفا‬
(mauqifan) to take an attitude, assume a
position; ‫ اتخذ التدابير االزمة‬to take the
necessary measures; ‫( اتخذ قرارا‬qarāran) to
pass or adopt a resolution; ‫اتخذ المواقع الجديدة‬
to take up new positions (troops)
‫ أخذ‬aḳd acceptance, reception; seizure;
taking out, taking away, removal, etc.│ ‫أخذ‬
‫ الرأي‬a. ar-ra'y voting, vote; ‫( أخذ ورد‬wa-
radd) discussion, debate, dispute,
argument; ‫( شيء ال يقبل أخذا وال ردا‬yaqbalu)
an indisputable matter; ‫أخذ وعطاء‬
(wa-‘aṯā’) give-and-take; traffic, trade;
dealings, relations (esp. business,
commercial); discussion, debate; fight,
battle
‫ أخذة‬uḳda spell, charm
‫ أخيذ‬aḳīd prisoner of war
‫ أخيذة‬aḳīda booty, spoils
‫ أخاذ‬aḳḳād captivating, fascinating,
thrilling
‫ مأخذ‬ma’ḳad pl. ‫ مآخذ‬ma’āḳid2 place
from which one takes s.th., source; O wall
socket, outlet (el.); adoption, borrowing,
loan; manner of acting, mode of
procedure, approach; pl. ‫ مآخذ‬source
references, bibliography (in booke);
reprehensible points, faults, flaws, defects,
shortcomings│ ‫ المأخذ األقرب‬the simplest,
easiest approach; ‫ قريب المأخذ‬easy to handle
or to use; see wao aḳada (middle of
paragraph)
 ‫ مؤاخذة‬mu’āḳada objection, exception;
censure, blame│ ‫( !ال مؤاخذة‬mu’āḳadata)
pardon me! no offense, I hope!
‫ أخذ‬ma’ḳūd taken, seized; taken by
surprise, caught, trapped; surprised; taken
(‫ ب‬with), fascinated (‫ ب‬by); ‫ مأخوذ به‬in
force, valid
‫ مأخوذات‬ma’ḳūdāt receipts, takings,
returns (com.)
‫ اخر‬II to delay, put off, defer, postpone,
adjourn (‫ ھـ‬s.th.); to hinder, impede,
obstruct, hold up (‫ ه‬s.o., ‫ ھـ‬s.th.), slow
down, retard (‫ ھـ‬s.th.); to draw out, delay (
‫ عن‬s.th. beyond its appointed time); to put
back (‫ ه‬,‫ ھـ‬s.o., s.th.), shelve (‫ ھـ‬s.th.); to
set back (‫ ھـ‬a watch, a clock); to suspend,
discharge, dismiss, remove (‫ ه‬s.o. from an
office) V to be late; to be delayed, fall or
lag behind (‫)عن‬, tarry, linger, hesitate; to
default (‫ عن‬on), be behindhand, be in
arrears (‫ عن‬with), be behind (‫ عن‬in); to
hesitate (‫ عن‬with); to be suspended (from
service), be discharged, be dismissed│ ‫لم‬
‫ يتأخر بعد ذلك من ان‬after that, he did not
hesitate long before he …, presently, he ...
‫ آخر‬āḳir pl. -ūn, -āt, ‫ اواخر‬awaḳir2 last,
ultimate, utmost, extreme; end, close,
conclusion; foot, bottom (of a paper);
‫ اآلخر‬and ‫ اآلخرة‬the hereafter│ ‫الدار اآلخرة‬
the abode in the hereafter, the everlasting
abode; ‫الى آخره‬ilā ākīirihī and so forth, et
cetera; ‫ آخر األمر‬āḳir l-amri eventually,
finally, in the end, after all; ‫ آخر الدھر‬āḳir
d-dahri forever; ‫ آخر الزمان‬a. az-zamān
time at which the Day of Judgment is to
be expected, the end of the world; ‫عن آخره‬
to the last, down to the grass roots,
entirely, completely, e.g., ‫دمر عن آخره‬
(dummira) to be completely destroyed, be
wiped off the map; ‫ من آخره‬from behind,
from the rear; ‫ ما له آخر‬endless, infinite; ‫في‬
‫ آخر اآلخر‬after all, last of all; ‫ اواخر الشھر‬a.
aš-šahr the end of the month, the last ten
days of the month; ‫ اخيرا وليس آخرا‬last but
not least
‫ اآلخرة‬al-āḳira the hereafter
‫ آخر‬āḳar 2, f. ‫ اخرى‬uḳrā, pl. comm. ‫اخر‬
uḳar 2 (and ‫ آخرون‬āḳarūn or ‫اخريات‬
respectively) another, one more, ‫ اآلخر‬the
other│ ‫( مرة اخرى‬marratan) once more; ‫ھي‬
‫ ھو اآلخر‬،‫ األخرى‬he also, she also, he in
turn, she in turn, ‫ انا اآلخر‬I also; ‫ان كانت‬
‫( األخرى‬in kānat) otherwise; ‫من آن الى آخر‬
from time to time; ‫( من سنة الى اخرى‬sana)
from year to year; ‫( بين فترة واخرى‬fatra)
once in a while, from time to time;
‫( اخرى―آونة‬awinatan) sometimes --
sometimes, at times -- at times
‫ األخرى‬al-uḳrā the hereafter
‫ اخروي‬uḳrawī of or relating to the life to
come or the hereafter
‫ اخير‬aḳīr last; latest; rearmost; the
second of two; ‫ اخيرا‬eventually, finally, in
the end, after all, at last; recently, the
other day; ‫ األول―االخير‬the former—the
latter│ ‫اخيرا وليس آخرا‬last but not least
‫ مئخار‬mi’ḳār palm which retains its fruit
into the winter
‫ تأخير‬ta’ḳīr delay, deferment,
postponement; obstruction, retardation;
putting back, temporary shelving
‫تأخر‬.f ta’aḳḳar delay, lag, retardation;
hesitation, tarrying, lingering; slowness,
tardiness; backwardness,
underdevelopment (of a country)
‫ مؤخر‬mu’aḳḳar rear part, tail, end; atern
(of a ship); remainder, balance (of a sum,
to be paid later); ‫ مؤخرا‬mu’aḳḳaran
recently, lately, the other day; at last,
finally, eventually
‫ مؤخرة‬mu’aḳḳara rear, rear guard (of an
army); rear positions or lines (mil.); stern
(of a ship)
‫ متأخر‬muta’aḳḳir delayed, belated, late;
occurring later (‫ عن‬than); behind,
behindhand in arrears; backward,
underdeveloped; lagging, staying behind;
defaulter; ‫ المتأخرون‬the later, or modern,
authors, writers, or the like (as opposed to
‫ المتقدمون(؛ المتأخرات‬arrears, balance of a
‫س‬um remaining due after previous
payment│ ‫( البلدان المتأخرة‬buldān) the
underdeveloped countries
‫ اخطبوط‬uḳṯubūṯ octopus
‫ اخو‬III to fraternize, associate as brothers (‫ه‬
with s.o.) V to act or show o.s. as a
brother or friend VI to fraternize,
associate as brothers
 ‫ اخ‬aḳ pl. ‫ اخو‬iḳwa, ‫ اخوان‬iḳwān brother;
fellow man, neighbor; friend; pl. ‫اخوان‬
specif., brethren or members of an order;
‫ اإلخوان‬religious brotherhood of the
Wahabi sect, militant in character,
established by Ibn Sa‘ūd in 1910│ ‫يا أخي‬
my dear friend! ‫ اخو ثقة‬aḳū tiqa
trustworthy, reliable; ‫ اخ شقيق‬brother
through both father and mother, brother-
german
‫ اخت‬uḳt pl. ‫ اخوات‬aḳawāt sister; (gram.)
cognate; counterpart│ ‫ اختھا‬the other (of
two), its mate, its counterpart (after a fem.
noun)
‫ خوي‬ḳuwaiy little brother
‫ اخوي‬aḳawi brotherly, fraternal
‫ اخوية‬aḳawīya brotherhood (as a
religious association)
‫ اخاء‬iḳā’, ‫ اخوة‬uḳūwa brotherhood,
brotherliness, fraternity
‫ اخاوة‬iḳāwa fraternization, fraternity,
brotherliness
‫ تآخ‬ta’āḳin fraternization
‫ اخور‬aḳūr barn, stable
‫ اد‬adda u i to befall, afflict (‫ ه‬a.o.)
‫ امر اد‬amr idd a terrible, evil, horrible
thing
‫ ادب‬aduba u (adab) to be well-bred, well-
mannered, cultured, urbane, have refined
tastes; ― adaba i (adb) to invite (to a
party or banquet, ‫ ه‬s.o.), entertain (‫ ه‬s.o.)│
‫( ادب مأدبة‬ma'duba) to arrange a banquet,
give a formal dinner II to refine, educate (‫ه‬
s.o.); to discipline, punish, ehastise (‫ ه‬s.o.)
IV to invite as a guest (‫ ه‬s.o.) V to receive
a fine education; to be well-bred, well-
educated, cultured, have refined tastes; to
show o.s. polite, courteous, civil, urbane;
to educate o.s., refine one’s tastes (‫ ب‬by,
through); to let o.s. be guided (‫ ب‬by)│
‫( تأدب بأدبه‬bi-adabihi) to follow s.o.’s moral
example
‫ ادب‬adab pl. ‫ آداب‬ādab culture,
refinement; good breeding, good manners,
social graces, decorum, decency,
propriety, seemliness; humanity,
humaneness; the humanities; belles-
lettres│‫ بيت األدب‬toilet, water closet; ‫قليل‬
‫ األدب‬and ‫ عديم األدب‬ill-mannered, ill-bred,
impolite, uncivil; ‫‘( األدب العامي‬āmmī)
popular literature; ‫ رجال األدب‬literati, men
of letters; ‫ كلية اآلداب‬kullīyat al-ā. (= faculté
des lettres) college of arts; ‫ آداب‬rules, rules
of conduct, e.g., ‫ آداب السلوك‬rules of
decorum, etiquette; ‫ اآلداب‬decency, morals
‫ادبي‬adabī moral, ethic(al); literary│
‫ واجب ادبي‬moral obligation; ‫ادبيا وماديا‬
adabiyan wa-māddīyan morally and
physically; ‫( الفلسفة األدبية‬falsafa) ethics,
moral science
‫ ادبيات‬adabīyāt lliterature, belles-lettres
‫ ادبخانة‬adabḳāna pl. -āt toilet, water
closet
‫ اديب‬adīb pl. ‫ ادباء‬udabā’ cultured,
refined, educated; well.bred, well-
mannered, civil, urbane; a. man of culture
and refined tastes; man of letters, writer,
author
‫ اديبة‬adība authoress, writer
‫ مأدبة‬ma’duba pl. ‫ مآدب‬ma’ādib banquet,
formal dinner
‫ تأديب‬ta’dīb education; discipline;
punishment, chastisement; disciplinary
punishment│‫ مجلس التأديب‬majlis at-t.
disciplinary board
‫ تأديبي‬ta'dībī disciplinary; punitive,
retaliatory│ ‫(قضية تأديبية‬qaḍīya)
disciplinary action
‫ تأدب‬ta’addub good breeding, good
manners, civility, politeness,
courteousness, tact
‫ آدب‬ādib host
‫ مؤدب‬mu’addib pl. -ūn educator; teacher
in a Koranic school (Tun.); ― mu'addab
well-bred, well-mannered, civil, urbane
‫ ادرة‬udra scrotal hernia
‫ ادرنة‬adirna2 Edirne, Adrianople (city in NW
Turkey)
‫( االدياتيك‬Fr. adriatique) al-adriyātīk and ‫بحر‬
‫ االدياتيك‬baḥr al-a. the Adriatic Sea
1
‫ ادم‬adama i (adm) to take some additional
food (‫ ھـ‬with the bread), enrich (‫ ھـ‬the
bread) with some extra food or condiment
‫ ادام‬idām anything eaten with bread;
shortening, fatty ingredient
2 reading (e.g., of a musical composition);
‫ ادم‬adam, adama skin
‫ اديم‬adīm skin; surface; tanned skin,
leather│‫ اديم األرض‬a. al-arḍ the surface of
the earth
‫ ادام‬addām tanner
3
‫ آدم‬ādam2 Adam│‫ ابن آدم‬human being
‫ آدمي‬ādamī human; humane; poor,
inferior, meager; (pl. -ūn, (‫ اوادم‬awadim2)
human being
‫ آدمية‬ādamīya humaneness, humanity;
humanism
‫ اذ‬id 1. (introducing a verbal clause) (and)
‫ اداة‬adāh pl. ‫ ادوات‬adawāt tool; instrument;
utensil, implement, device, appliance;
apparatus; (gram.) particle│ ‫ اداة الحكم‬a. al-
ḥukm machinery of government; ‫اداة‬
‫ التعريف‬definite article (gram.); ‫اداة التنفيذية‬
(tanfīdīya) executive agency; pl. materials,
equipment, gear, ‫( ادوات حربية‬ḥarbīya) war
material; ‫( ادواوت احطياطية‬iḥtiyāṯīya) stand-
by equipment (techn.); ‫ادوات منزلية‬
(manzilīya) household utensils, household
effects
‫ األدون‬al-adōn (Hebr.) the Lord; Mr. ... (Isr.)
‫ ادى‬II to convey, take, bring, lead, steer,
channel (‫ ه ب‬،‫ ھـ‬s.o., s.th., ‫ الى‬to), see that
s.o. or s.th. (‫ ه‬،‫ ھـ‬or ‫ )ب‬gets to (‫ ;)الى‬to
bring about, cause, effect, produce (‫الى‬
s.th.); to lead, contribute, be conducive (
‫ الى‬to a result); to amount, come
practically (‫ الى‬to); to tend (‫ الى‬to), aim (‫الى‬
at); to carry out, execute, discharge (‫ھـ‬
s.th.); to perform (‫ ھـ‬a ritual, etc.); to do (
‫ واجبه‬wājibahū one’s duty); to fulfill (‫وظيفة‬
a function, ‫ رسالة‬a mission); to accomplish
(‫ مأمورية‬a task); to take (‫ يمينا‬an oath; ‫امتحانا‬
an examination); to render (‫ خدمة‬ḳidmatan
a service, ‫ ل‬or ‫ الى‬to s.o.; ‫ ھـ‬e.g., a
meaning, a musical composition, etc.)│‫ادى‬
(salām) to greet, salute V to lead, be
conducive, contribute (‫ الى‬to results); to be
carried out, be performed, be
accomplished; to 10 arrive (‫ إلى‬at), be lead
(‫ إلى‬to) X to demand, claim (‫ ھـ ه‬from s.o.
s.th.)
‫ اداء‬adā’ pl. -āt (as verbal noun of II)
rendering (of a service); pursuit,
performance, execution, discharge (of a
duty), realization, effectuation,
accomplishment (of a task); rendition,
fulfillment; payment│ ‫ حسن األداء‬ḥusn al-a.
good rendition (of a work of art, of a
musical composition)
‫ تأدية‬ta’diya rendering (of a service);
pursuit, performance, execution, discharge
(of a duty), realization effectuation;
accomplishment (of a task); fulfillment;
payment
‫ مؤدى‬mu’addan assignment, task,
function; sense, meaning, signification,
import, underlying idea
then; ‫ إذ ذاك‬id dāka (also written ‫ )إذاك‬then,
at that time, at the same time, in doing so;
2. (conj.; temp. and caus.) as, when; since,
as, the more so as, because; ‫ اذ ان‬id anna
since, as, in view of the fact that; for,
because
1
١ ‫اذا‬. (introducing a nominal clause the
subject of which may he expressed by ‫ب‬
with foll. genit.) and then, and all of a
sudden; (with noun in nominative case or
with ‫ )ب‬there was … and all of a sudden
there was …; 2. (conj.) when; if,
whenever; whether, if (introducing
indirect questions); ‫ اذا ما‬when, whenever; ‫ا‬
‫( ال اذا‬illā) unless if not; except when
2
‫ )اذا )اذن‬idan then, therefore, in that case,
hence, consequently
‫ آذار‬ādār2 March (month; Syr., Leb., Jord., Ir.)
1
‫ اذن‬adina a to listen (‫ إلى‬to s.o..); to allow,
permit (‫ في ل‬s.o. s.th.); to hear, learn (‫ ب‬of
s.th.), be informed (‫ ب‬about) II to call (‫ب‬
to), esp. to call to prayer (‫ ;)بالصالة‬to crow
(rooster) IV to announce, make known (‫ب‬
s.th., ‫ ب ه‬to s.o. s.th.), inform, notify (‫ه‬
s.o.); to call to prayer; to call upon s.o. (‫)ه‬,
urge, admonish, exhort (‫ ه‬s.o..) to do s.th. (
‫ ;)ب‬to herald (‫ ب‬or ‫ ھـ‬s.th.); to foreshadow
(‫ ب‬s.th.); to be on the verge (‫ ان‬of doing
s.th..)│ ‫( )آذن بالسقوط )بالزوال‬zawāl) to show
signs of the imminent downfall (end); ‫آذن‬
‫( الليل بانتصاف‬lailu bi-ntiṣāf) it was close to
midnight V to herald, announce (‫ ب‬s.th.)
X to ask permission (‫ في‬to do s.th., rarely
‫ ;)ب‬to ask permission to enter (‫ على‬s.o.'s
house), have o.s. announced (‫ على‬to s.o.);
 to take leave (‫ من‬of s.o.), say good-by (‫من‬
to)
‫ اذن‬idn permission, authorization; ‫باذن ﷲ‬
if God choose, God willing; (pl. ‫اذون‬
udūn, ‫ اذونات‬udūnāt) (postal) order│ ‫اذن‬
‫ البريد‬pl. ‫ اذونات البريد‬postal money order; ‫اذن‬
‫ البوسته‬do.
‫ اذن‬udun, udn pl. ‫ آذان‬ādan ear; handle
(of a cup)│ ‫( التھاب االذن الوسطى‬wusṯā)
middle-ear infection, otitis media (med.)
‫ اذان‬adān call to prayer
‫ اذنية‬udaina little ear; ear lobe
‫ مأذنة‬ma’dana, ‫ مئذنة‬midana pl. ‫مآذن‬
ma’ādin2 minaret
‫ ايذان‬idān declaration, proclamation,
announcement (‫ ب‬of s.th..)│ ‫ايذنا بانتھاء‬
‫ الحديث‬indicating that the conversation is
(was) ended
‫ مأذون‬ma’dūun authorized; slave with
limited legal rights (Isl. Law); = ‫مأذون‬
‫( شرعي‬šar‘ī) official authorized by the
cadi to perform civil marriages (Isl. Law)
‫ مأذونية‬ma’dūnīya leave, furlough (mil.
Syr.); license, franchise (Syr.)
‫ مؤذن‬mu’addin muezzin, announcer of
the hour of prayer
2
‫ اذن‬idan see ‫اذا‬
‫ اذى‬adiya a to suffer damage, be harmed IV to
hs.rm, hurt, wrong (‫ ه‬s.o.); to molest,
annoy, irritate, trouble (‫ ه‬s.o.)│‫ ال يؤذي‬lā
yu’dī innocuous, harmless, inoffensive V
to suffer damage, be wronged; to feel
offended, be hurt
‫ اذى‬adan, ‫ اذاة‬adāh, ‫ اذية‬adīya damage,
harm; injury; trouble, annoyance,
grievance, wrong, offense, insult
‫ اذاية‬idāya damage, harm, harmfulness,
noxiousness
‫ ايذاء‬īdā’ harm, damage, prejudice;
offense,. hurt; grievance, nuisance
‫ مؤذ‬mu’din hurtful, harmful, injurious,
detrimental, prejudicial; annoying,
irksome, troublesome; painful, hurting,
offensive, insulting
‫ اراتيقي‬arātīqī and ‫ اراتيكي‬pl. ‫ اراتقة‬arātiqa a
heretic (Chr.)
‫ آرامى‬ārāmī Aramaean; Aramaic
‫ ارب‬ariba a (arab) to be skillful, proficient (‫ب‬
in s.th.); -- araba i to tighten (‫ ھـ‬a knot) III
to try to outwit (‫ ه‬s.o.)
‫ ارب‬arab pl. ‫ آراب‬ārāb wish (‫ في‬for),
desire, need (‫ في‬of s.th.); purpose. aim,
goal, end
‫ ارب‬irb pl. ‫ آراب‬ārāb limb│‫مزقه اربا اربا‬
(mazzaqahū) to tear s.th. to pieces or to
shreds
‫ اربة‬irba skill, resourcefulness,
cleverness, smartness
‫ اربة‬urba pl. ‫ ارب‬urab knot, bow
‫ اريب‬arīb skillful, resourceful, clever,
intelligent
‫ مأرب‬ma’rab pl. ‫ مآرب‬ma’ārib2 wish,
desire; object of desire, purpose, aim,
goal, end
‫ اربيل‬arbīl Erbil (the ancient Arbela, city in N
Iraq)
‫ ارتوازي‬artuwaāzī artesian (well)
1
‫ ارث‬II to sow dissension (‫ بين‬between, among)
2
‫ ارث‬irt inheritance, heritage; estate (of
inheritance)
‫ ارثوذكسي‬urtūduksī orthodox; ‫ االرثوذكسية‬the
Orthodox Church
‫ الروم االرثوذكسي‬ar=rūm al-urtūduksī the
Greek Orthodox Church
‫ ارج‬arija a (araj, ‫ اريج‬arīj) to be fragrant V do.
‫ ارج‬araj fragrance, sweet smell
‫ ارج‬arij fragrant, sweet-smelling
‫ اريج‬arīj fragrance, sweet smell
‫ ارجح‬II ta’arjaḥa to rock, swing
‫ متأرجح‬muta'arjiḥ fluctuating
‫ االرجنتين‬al-arjantīn Argentina
‫ ارجوان‬urjuwān purple
‫ ارجوان‬urjuwānī purple(-colored)
‫ ارجوز‬popular spelling (eg.) of ‫’ قره جوز‬aragōz
(q.v.); Punch (in a Punch and Judy show)
‫ ارخ‬II to date (‫ ھـ‬a letter, and the like, ‫ ب‬with a
date); to write the history of s.th. (‫)ھـ‬
 ‫ تاريخ‬ta'rīḳ dating (of a letter, etc.); ta'rīḳ
pl. ‫ تواريخ‬tawārīḳ2 date; time; history;
chronicle, annals│ ‫ تاريخ الحياة‬t. al-ḥayāh
biography; curriculum vitae; ‫تاريخ عام‬
(‘āmm) world history; ‫ علماء التاريخ‬the
historians
‫ تاريخي‬tārīḳī historic(al)
‫ مؤرخ‬mu'arriḳ pl. -ūn historiographer,
historian, chronicler, annalist; -- mu’arraḳ
dated
‫ ارخبيل‬arḳabīl archipelago
‫( ارخن‬άρχων) pl. ‫ اراخنة‬arāḳina archon, pl.
notables (Chr.-Copt.)
‫ اردب‬irdabb (now usually pronounced
ardabb)pl. ‫ ارادب‬arādib2 ardeb, a dry
measure (Eg.; = 1981)
‫ اردبة‬irdabba cesspool
‫ االردن‬al-urdunn Jordan (river and country)
‫ اردني‬urdunni Jordanian│ ‫المملكة االردنية‬
‫ الھاشمية‬al-mamlaka al-u. al-hāšimīya the
Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan (official
designation)
‫( اردواز‬Fr. ardoise) arduwāz slate
1
‫ ارز‬arz (n. un. ‫ )ة‬cedar
2
‫ ارز‬aruzz rice
‫ ارس‬arasa i (ars) to till the land
‫ اريس‬irrīs and arīs peasant, farmer
‫ ارستقراطي‬aristuqrāṯī aristocratic; ristocrat
‫ ارستقراطية‬aristuqrāṯīya aristocracy
‫ ارسطو‬arisṯū Aristotle
‫ ارش‬arš indemnity, amercement, fine, penalty;
blood money (for the shedding of blood;
Isl. Law)
‫( ارشي ابسقوبس‬Gr. ὰρχιεπίσϰοπος) archbishop
‫( ارشيدوق‬Fr. archiduc) archduke, ‫ارشيدوقة‬
archduchess
‫ ارض‬arḍ f., pl. ‫ اراض‬arāḍīn, ‫ اراضون‬arāḍūn
earth; land, country, region, area; terrain,
ground, soil│ ‫( االرض السفلى‬suflā) the
nether world; ‫( االرض المقدسة‬muqaddasa)
the Holy Land, Palestine
‫ ارضي‬arḍī terrestrial, of the earth; soil-,
land- (in compounds); situated on or near
the ground, ground (adj.); earthly;
underground, subterranean
‫ ارضي شوكي‬arḍī šaukī artichoke
‫ ارض‬araḍ (coll.; n. un. ‫ )ة‬termite;
woodworm
‫ ارضية‬arḍīya pl. -āt floor; ground (also, e.g., of
a printed fabric, of a painting); ground
floor, first floor (tun.); storage, warehouse
charges
‫ ارضروم‬arḍurum2 Erzurum (city in NE Turkey)
‫( ارطة‬also ‫ )اورطة‬urṯa pl. ‫ ارط‬uraṯ (‫)اورط‬
battalion (formerly, Eg.; mil.)
‫ ارطقة‬arṯaqa pl. -āt heresy (Chr.)
‫ تاريع‬see ‫ريع‬
‫ ارغن‬urgun pl. ‫ اراغن‬aragin2 organ (mus. instr.)
‫ ارول‬urgūl, argūl a wind instrument (related to
the clarinet, consisting of two pipes of
unequal length)
‫ ارق‬ariqa a to find no sleep II to make
sleepless (‫ ه‬s.o.), prevent s.o. (‫ )ه‬from
sleeping
‫ ارق‬araq sleeplessness, insomnia
‫ اريكة‬arika pl. ‫ ارائك‬arā’ik2 couch, sofa; throne
‫ اركيلة‬argīla pl. ‫ اراكيل‬arāgīl2 (syr.) water pipe,
narghile
‫ ارلندي‬irlandī Irish
1
‫ ارم‬arama i to bite
‫ ارم‬urram molar teeth│ ‫حرق االرم‬
(ḥarraqa) to gnash one's teeth (in anger)
‫ ارومة‬arūma, urūma root, origin; stump
of a tree
‫ مئرم‬mi'ram root (of a tooth)
2
‫آرام‬ārām (= ‫ )ارام‬pl. of ‫ رئم‬ri'm) white
antelopes
‫ االرمن‬al-arman the Armenians
‫ ارمني‬armanī Armenian (adj. and n.)
‫ ارمينيا‬armēniyā Armenia
‫ االرناوط‬al-arnāwuṯ the Albanians
‫ ارناوطي‬arnāwuṯī Albanian
‫ ارنب‬arnab f., pl. ‫ ارانب‬arānib2 hare; rabbit│
‫( ارنب ھندي‬hindī) guinea pig
 ‫ ارنبة‬arnaba female hare, doe│ ‫ارنبة االنف‬ ‫ ازق‬azaqa i (azq) to be narrow V do.
a. al-anf tip of the nose; nose, muzzle (of
‫ مأزق‬ma'ziq pl. ‫ مآزق‬ma’āziq2 narrow
an animal) passageway, narrow pass, strait, bottle-
‫( ارنيك‬Turk. örnek) urnīk pl. ‫ ارانيك‬arānīk2 neck; predicament, fix, dilemma, critical
pattern, model; form, blank situation, also ‫( مأزق حرج‬ḥarij)
‫ اروبا‬urubbā Europe ‫ ازل‬azl pl. ‫ آزال‬āzāl eternity (without
beginning), sempiternity
‫ اروبي‬urubbī European (adj. and n.)
1 ‫ ازلي‬azali eternal, sempiternal
‫ ارى‬ary honey
2 ‫ ازلية‬azalīya sempiternity, eternity
‫ آرى‬ārī Aryan
‫ ازم‬V to be or become critical, come to a head
‫ آرية‬ārīya Aryanism
(situation, relations)
‫ اريحا‬arīḥā Jericho
‫ ازمة‬azma pl. azamāt emergency; crisis│
‫ از‬azza u i (‫ ازيز‬aziz) to simmer; to hum, buzz; ‫( ازمة وزارية‬wizāriya) cabinet crisis
to whiz, hiss; to fizzle; to wheeze
‫ تأزم‬ta'azzum: ‫ تأزم الحالة‬t. al-hāla critical
‫ ازيز‬azīz hum(ming), buzz(ing); development, aggravation of the situation
whizzing, whizz, whistle (e.g., of bullets)
‫ مأزوم‬ma'zūm victim of a crisis
1
‫ ازب‬azaba i (azb) to flow, run (water)
‫ ازمير‬izmīr2 Izmir (formerly Smyrna, sea-port
2
‫ مئزاب‬mi'zāb pl. ‫ مآزيب‬ma'āzīb and ‫ميزاب‬ in W Turkey)
mīzāb pl. ‫ ميازيب‬mayāzīb2 drain; gutter,
‫ ازميل‬izmīl pl. ‫ ازاميل‬azāmīl 2 chisel
eaves trough
2 ‫( ازوت‬Engl.) azōt azote, nitrogen
‫ ازب‬izb dumpy, pudgy, stocky; small man
‫ ازوتي‬azōtī nitrogenous
‫ االزبك‬al-uzbak the Uzbeks
‫ ازى‬III to be opposite s.th. (‫)ه‬, face (‫ ه‬s.o., ‫ھـ‬
‫ ازر‬azara i (azr) to surround (‫ ھـ‬s.th.) II to
s.th.)
clothe (‫ ه‬s.o. with an ‫ ازار‬izār q.v.); to
cover, wrap up (‫ ه‬s.o., ‫ ھـ‬s.th.); to ‫ ازاء‬izā’a (prep.) opposite, face to face
strengthen, brace (‫ ه‬s.o., ‫ ھـ‬s.th.) III to help with, facing; in front of; in the face of
(‫ ه‬s.o.); to support, back up, strengthen (‫ه‬ (e.g., of a situation); as compared with;
s.o.) V and VIII to put on an izār (see ‫ بازاء‬bi-izā’i opposite, face to face with,
below), wrap s.o. in an izār VI to help facing; in front of; ‫‘ على ازاء‬alā izā’i in the
each other; to rally, unite, join forces face of (e.g., of a situation)
1
‫ ازر‬azr strength│ ‫ شد ازره‬šadda azrahū or ‫شد من‬ ‫ آس‬ās myrtle
‫( ازره‬min azrihi) to help, support, 2
‫ آس‬pl. -āt ace (playing card)
encourage s.o., back s.o. up; šadda azruhū
3
to be energetic, vigorous, lusty, ‫ آس‬II to found, establish, set up (‫ ھـ‬s.th.), lay
courageous the foundation (‫ ھـ‬for) V to be founded, be
established, he set up
‫ ازار‬izār m. and f., pl. ‫ ازر‬uzur
loincloth; wrap, shawl; wrapper, covering, ‫ اس‬foundation, basis; exponent of a
cover power (math.)
‫ مئزر‬mi’zar pl. ‫ مآزر‬ma’āzīr2 apron; ‫ اس‬asās pl. ‫ اسس‬usus foundation (also,
wrapper, covering, cover of a building), fundament, groundwork,
ground, basis; keynote. Tonic (mus.)│‫على‬
‫ مؤازرة‬mu’āzara support, aid, ‫( اساس‬with foll. genit.) on the basis of, on
assistance, backing
the strength of, on account of, according
‫ تآزر‬ta’āzur mutual assistance to; ‫( ال اساس له من الصحة‬asāsa, ṣiḥḥa)
‫ ازف‬azila a (awaf, ‫ ازوف‬uzūf) to come, completely unfounded (news, rumor)
approach, draw near (a time) ‫ اساسي‬asāsī fundamental, basic;
elementary; essential; principal, chief,
 main│‫( حجر اسود‬ḥajar) cornerstone,
foundation stone
‫ اساسيات‬asāsīyāt fundamentals,
principles
‫ تأسيس‬ta'sīs founding, foundation,
establishment, setting up, institution;
grounding, laying of the substructure
(arch.); pl. -āt facilities, utilities;
institutions
‫ تأسيس‬ta'sīsī founding; foundational,
fundamental│ ‫( مجلس تأسيسي‬majlis)
constituent assembly
‫ مؤسس‬mu'assis founder
‫ مؤسسة‬mu’assasa pl. -āt foundation,
establishment; firm (com.); institution;
organization
‫ االسبان‬al-asbān, al-isbān the Spaniards
‫ اسباني‬isbānī Spanish; (pl. -ūn) Spaniard
‫ اسبانخ‬isbānaḳ spinach
‫ اسبانيا‬isbāniyā Spain
‫ اسبداج‬isbidāj and ‫ اسبيداج‬isbīdāj white lead,
ceruse
‫( اسبرتو‬It. spirito) isbirto alcohol
‫ اسبليطة‬isbalīṯa epaulet
‫ است‬see 1‫ست‬
‫ استاتيكي‬istātīkī static (el.)
‫( استاد‬Fr. stade) istād stadium
‫ استاذ‬ustād pl. ‫ اساتذة‬asātida master; teacher;
professor (academic title); form of address
to intellectuals (lawyers, journalists,
officials, writers and poets); ledger
(com.)│ ‫( االستاذ األعظم‬a‘ẓam) Grand
Master (of a lodge); ‫ االستاذ األكبر‬title of the
Rector of Al Azhar University; ‫استاذ كرسي‬
(kursī; Eg.) and ‫( استاذ بكرسي‬Syr.) full
professor; ‫( استاذ بال كرسي‬Syr.) associate
professor; ‫( استاذ متفرغ‬mutafarrig;Eg.) part-
time professor (holding an office outside
the university); ‫( استاذ مساعد‬musā‘id)
assistant professor (Eg.; Syr.); ‫استاذ زائر‬
(Eg.; Syr.) visiting professor; ‫اساتذة في الجدل‬
(jadal) they are masters of disputation
‫ استاذية‬ustādīya mastership;
professorship, professorate
‫ استانبول‬istanbūl2 Istanbul, Constantinople
‫ استانبولي‬istanbūlī of Istanbul
‫ اآلستانة‬al-āsitāna, ‫ االستانة‬al-astāna, al-istāna
Constantinople, Istanbul
‫ استبرق‬istabraq brocade
‫ استراتيجي‬istrātījī strategic
‫ استرالي‬usturālī Australian
‫ استراليا‬usturālīyā Australia
‫ استرليني‬istarlīnī sterling│ ‫ جنيه استرليني‬pound
sterling; ‫ منطقة االسترليني‬minṯaqat al-i.
sterling area
‫ استمارة‬see ‫امر‬
‫( استوبة‬It. stoppa) tow, oakum; cotton waste
‫( استوديو‬It.-Engl. studio) istūdiyō pl. ‫استوديوھات‬
istūdiyōhāt studio; atelier
‫ استوكھولم‬istokholm Stockholm
‫( استونيا‬Engl.) istōniyā Estonia
‫ استياتيت‬I istiyātīt steatite, soapstone (min.)
‫ اسوج‬look up alphabetically
‫ اسد‬X to display the courage of a lion (‫على‬
against)
‫ اسد‬asad pl. ‫ اسد‬usud, usd, ‫ اسود‬usūd, ‫ آساد‬āsād
lion; Leo (astron.)│ ‫ داء االسد‬leontiasis
(med.)
1
‫ اسر‬asara i (asr) to bind, fetter, shackle,
chain (‫ ه‬s.o.); to capture, take prisoner (‫ه‬
s.o.); to captivate, fascinate, hold
spellbound (‫ ه‬s.o.), absorb, arrest (‫ ھـ‬the
attention) X to surrender, give s.o. up as
prisoner
‫ اسر‬asr (leather) strap, thong; capture;
captivity│‫ شدة االسر‬šiddat al-a. vigor,
energy
‫ اسرة‬usra pl. ‫ اسر‬usar, -āt family;
dynasty; clan, kinsfolk, relatives; -- asirra
see ‫سرير‬
‫ باسره‬bi-asrihī entirely, completely,
altogether, ‫ جاءوا باسرھم‬all of them came,
they came one and all
‫ اسار‬isār (leather) strap, thong; captivity;
captivation, enthrallment│ ‫ وقع في اساره‬to
be subjected to s.th., fall into the clutches
of s.th.
 ‫ اسير‬asīr pl. ‫ اسراء‬usarā2, ‫ اسرى‬asrā,
‫ اسارى‬asārā prisoner, captive, prisoner of
war
‫ اسيرة‬asīra pl. -āt female prisoner, slave
girl
‫ آسر‬āsir winning, captivating,
fascinating; captor
‫ مأسور‬ma’sūr captivated, fascinated,
enthralled (‫ ب‬by)
2
‫ اسرة‬asirra see ‫سرير‬
3
‫ مأسورة‬look up alphabetically
‫ اسرائيل‬isrā’īl2 Israel│ ‫ بنو اسرائيل‬banū i. the
Israelites; ‫ دولة اسرائيلية‬daulat i. the State of
Israel
‫ اسرائيلي‬isrā’īlī Israelitish; Israelite;
Israeli (adj, and n.); ‫ اسرائيليات‬Judaica
‫ اسرافيل‬isrāfīl 2 Israfil, the angel who will sound
the trumpet on the day of Resurrection
‫ اسرب‬usrub lead (metal)
‫ اسطانبول‬isṯanbūl2 Istanbul, Constantinople
‫ اسطبل‬isṯabl pl. -āt stable, barn
‫( اسطبة‬It. stoppa) usṯubba tow, oakum
‫ اسطرالب‬asṯurlāb astrolabe
‫ اسطقس‬isṯaqīs pl. -āt element
‫ اسطوانات‬usṯuwāna pl. -āt column (arch.);
cylinder (math.; of an engine);
phonograph record; -- pl. ‫ اساطين‬asāṯīn2
high-ranking, prominent personalities;
stars, celebrities, authorities, masters (e.g.,
of art: ‫ اساطين الفن‬a. al-fann)
‫ اسطوانى‬usṯuwānī cylindric(al)
‫ اسطورة‬usṯūra pl. ‫ اساطير‬asāṯīr legend, fable,
tale, myth, saga
‫ اسطوري‬usṯūrī fabulous, mythical, legendary
2
‫ اسطول‬usṯūl pl. ‫ اساطيل‬asāṯīl fleet; squadron
□ ‫ اسطى‬usṯā (colloq. for ‫ )استاذ‬pl. ‫اسطوات‬
usṯawāt master; foreman, overseer; also
form of address to those in lower callings,
e.g., to a cab driver, coachman, etc.
‫ اسف‬asifa a (asaf) to regret (‫ على‬or ‫ ل‬s.th.), feel
sorry (‫ على‬for), be sad (‫ على‬about) V do
‫ اسف‬asaf grief, sorrow, chagrin, regret│ ‫وا‬
‫ !اسفاه‬wā asafāh! Oh, what a pity! it's too
bad! ‫ ويا لالسف‬wa-yā lal-asafi (or only
‫ )لالسف‬unfortunately; ‫ مع االسف‬and ‫بكل اسف‬
bi-kulli asafin do.
‫ اسف‬asifa and ‫ اسيف‬asīf regretful, sorry,
sad, grieved, distressed
‫ تأسف‬ta'assuf regret
‫ آسف‬āsif regretful, sorry, sad│ ‫تركته غير‬
‫( آسف‬gaira āsifin) I left him without regret,
I was only too glad to leave him
‫ مأسوف عليه‬ma’sūf ‘alaihi mourned (esp.
of a dead person, = the late lamented)
‫ مؤسف‬mu’sif distressing, sad, regrettable
‫ متأسف‬muta’assif sad, sorry, regretful;
‫ !متأسف‬sorry!
‫ اسفاناخ‬isfānāk and ‫ اسفانخ‬isfānaḳ spinach│
‫( اسفاناخ رومي‬rūmī) garden orach (Atriplex
hortensis, bot.)
‫ اسفلت‬asfalt asphalt
‫ اسفنج‬isfanj,isfunj sponge
‫ اسفنجي‬isfanjī spongy; porous
‫ اسفندان‬isfindān maple (bot.)
‫ اسفيداج‬isfīdāj; white lead, ceruse
‫ اسفين‬isfīn pl. ‫ اسافين‬asāfīn2 wedge
‫ اسقربوطي‬isqarbūṯī: ‫( مرض اسقربوطي‬maraḍ)
scurvy (med.)
‫ اسقف‬usquf pl. ‫ اساقفة‬asāqifa, ‫ اساقف‬asāqif2
bishop│ ‫ رئيس االساقفة‬archbishop
‫ اسقفي‬usqufī Episcopal
‫ اسقفية‬usqufīya episcopate, bishopric
‫ اسقمري‬usqumrī, isqumrī mackerel (zool.)
‫ اسقيل‬isqīl an Oriental variety of sea onion
(Scilla)
‫( اسكتش‬Engl.) isketš sketch
‫ اسكتلندا‬iskotlandā Scotland
‫ اسكتلندي‬iskotlandī Scottish, Scotch
‫ اسكلة‬iskila pl. ‫ اساكل‬asākil2 seaport,
commercial center (in the East)
‫ اسكملة‬iskamla stool, footstool
‫ اسكندرونة‬iskandarūna2 Iskenderon (formerly
Alexandretta, seaport in S Turkey)
‫ االسكندرية‬al-iskandarīya Alexandria (city in N
Egypt)
‫ اسكندينافيا‬iskandināfīya Scandinavia
‫ اسل‬II to sharpen, point, taper (‫ ھـ‬s.th.)
‫ اسل‬asal (coll.) rush (bot.)
‫ اسلة‬asaIa pl. -āt thorn, spike, prong;
point (also, e.g., of a pen = nib); tip of the
tongue
‫ الحروف االسلية‬al-ḥurūf al-asalīya the
letters ‫ س‬،‫ ز‬and ‫ص‬
‫ اسيل‬asīl smooth│ ‫( خد اسيل‬ḳadd) smooth
cheek
‫ اسالة‬asāla eliptic, oval form
‫ مؤسل‬mu’assal pointed, tapered
‫( اسالمبولي‬variant of ‫ )استانبولي‬islāmbūlī of
Istanbul
‫ اسالنده‬islandā Iceland
1
‫ اسم‬see ‫سم‬
‫ اسمانجوني‬asmanjūnī sky-blue, azure, cerulean
‫ اسمره‬asmara Asmara (capital of Eritrea)
‫ اسمنت‬asmant, ismant cement
‫ اسمنتي‬asmantī cement (adj.)
‫ اسن‬asana i u and asina a to become brackish
(water)
‫ آسن‬āsin brackish
(‫ اسو‬and ‫ اسى( اسا‬asā u (asw, ‫ اسا‬asan) to nurse,
treat (‫ ھـ‬a wound); to make peace (‫بين‬
between, among); -- ‫ اسى‬asiya (‫ اسا‬،‫اسى‬
asan) to be sad, grieved, distressed II to
console, comfort (‫ ه‬s.o.); to nurse (‫ ه‬a
patient) III to share (one’s worldly
possessions, ‫ ه‬with s.o.), be charitable (‫ ه‬to
s.o.); to assist, support (‫ ه‬s.o.); to console,
comfort (‫ ه‬s.o.); to treat, cure (‫ ھـ‬s.th.,
medically) V to be consoled, find solace
VI to share the worldly possessions; to
assist one another, give mutual assistance
‫ اسى‬asan grief, sorrow, distress
‫ اسوة‬uswa, iswa example, model,
pattern│‫ اسوة ب‬uswatan bi following the
model or pattern of; along the lines of; in
the same manner as, just as, like
‫ مأساة‬ma’sāh pl. ‫ مآس‬ma’āsin trogedy,
drama
‫ تأسية‬ta’siya consolation, comfort
‫ مواساة‬muwāsāh (for mu’āsāh)
consolation; charity; beneficence
‫ أسوار‬iswār, uswār pl. ‫ أساور‬asāwir2, ‫أساورة‬
asāwira bracelet, bangle
‫ أسوان‬aswān Aswan (city in S Egypt)
‫ اسوج‬asūj Sweden
‫ اسوجي‬asūjī Swedish
‫ اسى‬see ‫اسو‬
‫ آسيا‬āsiyā Asia│ ‫( آسيا الصغرى‬ṣugrā) Asia
Minor
‫ آسيوي‬āsiyawī Asiatic, Asian (adj. and
n.)
‫ اسيوط‬asyūt2 Asyūt (city in central Egypt)
‫ اشب‬V to be mixed, heterogeneous, motley (a
crowd)
‫ اشابة‬ušāba pl. ‫ اشائب‬ašā’ib2 mixed,
motley crowd
‫ اشببيلية‬išbīliya2 Seville (city in SW Spain)
‫ اشبين‬išbīn pl. ‫ اشابين‬see ‫شبن‬
‫ اشر‬ašara u (ašr) to sow (‫ ھـ‬s.th.); -- i to file,
sharpen with a file (‫ ھـ‬s.th.) II to mark,
indicate, state, enter, record (‫ ھـ‬s.th.); to
grant a visa; to provide with a visa (‫على‬
s.th.)
‫ اشر‬ašar liveliness, high spirits,
exuberance; wildness; insolence,
impertinence
‫ اشر‬ašir lively, sprightly, in high spirits,
exuberant; wild; insolent, impertinent,
arrogant
‫ مئشار‬minšār pl. ‫ مواشير‬mawāšīr2 saw
‫ تأشير‬ta’šīr issuance of an official
endorsement; official endorsement; visa
‫ تأشيرة‬ta’šīra pl. -āt visa│ ‫ تأشيرة مرور‬t.
murūr or ‫ تأشيرة اجتياز‬transit visa
‫ مؤشر‬mu’aššir indicator, needle (of a
measuring instrument)
‫ مؤشر‬mu’aššar jagged, serrated; marked,
designated (‫ ب‬by, with)
‫ اشفى‬išfā pl. ‫ اشاف‬ašāfin awl, punch
‫ اشنان‬ušnān potash; saltwort (Salsola kali; bot.)
‫ اشنة‬ušna moss
‫ اشور‬ašūr Assyria
‫ اشوري‬ašūrī Assyrian (adj. and n.)
‫ اصيص‬aṣīṣ pl. ‫ اصص‬uṣūṣ flowerpot
‫ اصد‬II to close, shut (a door, etc.)
‫ اصر‬iṣr pl. ‫ آصار‬āṣār covenant, compact,
contract; load, encumbrance, burden; sin;
pl. ‫ آصار‬bonds, ties
‫ آصرة‬āṣira pl. ‫ اواصر‬awāṣir2 bond, tie (fig. e.g.,
‫ اواصر الوالء‬a. al-walā’i bonds of
friendship); obligation, commitment
‫ اصطبل‬iṣṯabl pl. -āt stable, barn
‫ اصفھان‬iṣfahān2 Isfahan (city in W central Iran)
‫ اصيل‬pl. ‫ آصال‬āṣāl, ‫ اصائل‬aṣā’il2 time before
‫ اصل‬aṣula u (‫ اصالة‬aṣala) to be or become
firmly rooted; to be firmly established; to
be of noble origin II to found (‫ ھـ‬s.th.),
give s.th. (‫ )ھـ‬a firm foundation, establish
the foundation or origin of (‫ )ھـ‬V to be or
become firmly rooted, deep-rooted,
ingrained; to take root, be or become
firmly established; to derive one's origin (
‫ من‬from) X to uproot, root out, extirpate,
exterminate, annihilate (‫ ھـ‬s.th.); to
remove (‫ ھـ‬an organ by a surgical
operation)│ ‫(استأصل شأفته‬ša’fatahū) to
eradicate s.th., eliminate s.th. radically
‫ اصل‬pl. ‫ اصول‬root; trunk (of a tree); origin,
source; cause, reason; descent, lineage,
stock (esp., one of a noble character);
foundation, fundament, basis; the origins!
(e.g., of s book); pl. ‫ اصول‬principles,
fundamentals, rudiments, elements (e.g.,
of a science); rules; basic rules, principles,
axioms; real estate, landed property; assets
(fin.); -- ‫ اصال‬aṣlan originally, primarily;
(with neg.) by no means, not at all, not in
1
the least│‫ في األصل‬originally, at first; ‫اصول‬
‫ الفقه‬u. al-fiqh the 4 foundations of Islamic
jurisprudence, i.e., Koran, Sunna, qiyās
(analogy) and ijmā‘ (consensus); ‫اصول‬
‫ وخصوم‬assets and liabilities; ‫اصول مضاعفة‬
(muḍā‘afa) double-entry bookkeeping;
‫( حسب األصول‬ḥasaba) properly, in
conformity with regulations
‫ اصلي‬original, primary, primal, initial;
genuine, authentic, pure; basic,
fundamental, principel, chief, main│ ‫الثمن‬
‫( األصلي‬taman) cost price; ‫الجھات األصلية‬
(jihāt) the cardinal points (of the
‫ االطالنطيك‬،‫ االطالنتيك‬al-aṯlantīk, al-aṯlanṯīq the
compass); ‫‘( عدد اصلي‬adad) cardinal
number; ‫‘( عضو اصلي‬uḍw) regular member
‫ اطالنطيكي‬aṯlanṯīqī and ‫ اطالنطي‬aṯlanṯī Atlantic
‫ اصولي‬uṣūlī in accordance with the
rules, conforming to prevailing principles;
traditional, usual; legist
‫ اصيل‬pl. ‫ اصالء‬uṣalā’2 of pure, noble
origin; original, authentic, genuine; pure;
proper, actual; firm, solid; sound,
reasonable, sensible; of strong,
unswerving character; steadfast; deep-
rooted; native, indigenous│ ‫األصل األصيل‬
the actual reason; ‫ اصيل الرأي‬of sound,
unerring judgment
sunset, late afternoon
‫ اصالة‬aṣāla firmness, steadfastness,
strength of character; nobility of descent,
purity of origin; aṣālatan immediately,
directly, personally│ ‫ اصالة الرأي‬a. ar-ra’y
clarity and firmness of judgment;
judiciousness; ‫باالصالة عن نفسه‬
spontaneously, of one's own accord, in
one's own name, personally, privately (as
opposed to ‫بالنيابة عن غيره(؛ اصال ونيابة‬
aṣālatan wa-niyābatan directly and
indirectly
‫ تأصيلة‬ta’ṣīla pedigree, genealeogy
‫ تأصل‬ta’aṣṣu1 deep-rootedness
‫ استئصال‬isti’ṣāl extirpation,
extermination, (radical) elimination;
removal by surgery
‫ متأصل‬muta’aṣṣil deep-rooted, deep-
seated; chronic (illness)
‫ اطيط‬aṯīṯ the mooning bray of a camel
‫ اطر‬aṯara i u (aṯr) and II to bend, curve (‫ھـ‬
s.th.)
‫ اطار‬iṯār pl. -āt, ‫اطر‬uṯur frame (also, of
eyeglasses); tire (of a wheel); hoop (of a
barrel, etc.)
‫ اطارة‬iṯāra rim, felly (of a wheel)
‫ اطاري‬iṯārī framelike, hoop-shaped
2
‫ اطرية‬see ‫طرى‬
‫ اطرغلة‬uṯrugulla a variety of pigeon
‫ اطرون‬aṯrūn = ‫نطرون‬
Atlantic
‫ اطلس‬aṯlas2 satin; (pl. ‫ اطالس‬aṯālis2 atlas,
volume of geographical maps
‫ اطلسي‬aṯlasī Atlantic
‫ اطلنطي‬aṯlanṯī Atlantic│ ‫الحلف االطلنطي‬the
Atlantic Pact
‫ اطوم‬aṯūm sea turtle
‫ اغا‬agā, ‫ آغا‬āgā pl. ‫ اغوات‬agawāt aga, lord,
master, sir; eunuch, harem chamberlain
‫ االغريق‬al-igrīq, ‫ االغارقة‬al-agāriqa the Greeks
‫ اغريقي‬igrīqī Greek, Grecian (adj. and n.)
‫ اغسطس‬agustus August (month)
ّ V to grumble, mutter in complaint (‫من‬
‫اف‬
about)
ّ uff dirt (in the ears or under the
‫اف‬
nails), earwax, cerumen
ّ uff interj. expressing anger or
‫اف‬
displeasure
‫ افف‬afaf displeasure; grumbling,
grumble
‫ االفرنج‬al-ifranj the Franks, the Europeans│ ‫بالد‬
‫ االفرنج‬Europe
‫ افرنجي‬ifranjī European
‫ افرنسي‬ifransī French; ‫ االفرنسية‬the French
language; ‫ االفرنسيون‬the French
‫ افريز‬ifrīz pl. ‫ افاريز‬afārīz2 frieze; edge; curb;
sidewalk│‫ افريز المحطة‬i. al-maḥaṯṯa
platform (of a railroad station); ‫افريز الحائط‬
molding (arch.)
‫ افريقا‬afrīqā f. and ‫ افريقيا‬ifrīqiyā, now usually
pronounced afrīqiyā f. Africa│ ‫افريقيا‬
‫( الشمالية‬šamālīya) North Africa
‫ افريقي‬ifrīqī, now usually pronounced
afrīqī African; (pl. -ūn, ‫ افارقة‬afāriqa) an
African
‫ آفرين‬āfirīn bravo! well done!
‫ افسنتين‬ifsantīn, ifsintīn wormwood, absinthe
(Artemisia absinthium; bot.)
‫ افشين‬ifšīn pl. ‫ افاشين‬afāšīn2 litany (Chr.)
‫ االفغان‬al-afgān the Afghans; Afghanistan
‫ افغانستان‬afgānistān Afghanistan
‫ افغاني‬afgānī Afghan (adj. and n.)
‫ افق‬ufq, ufuq pl. ‫ آفاق‬āfāq horizon; range of
vision, field of vision; pl. distant lands,
faraway countries, remote regions;
provinces, interior of the country (as
distinguished from the capital)│ ‫آفاق األرض‬
a. al-arḍ the remotest parts of the earth;
‫ آفاق البالد‬a. al-bilād the outlying portions of
the country; ‫ شذاذ اآلفاق‬šuddad al-a.
foreigners, travelers
‫ افقي‬ufqī horizontal
‫ آفاقي‬āfāqī coming from a distant country
or region
‫ افاق‬affāq wandering, roving, roaming;
tramp, vagabond
‫ افك‬afaka i (afk) and afika a (ifk, afk, afak, ‫افوك‬
ufūk) to lie, tell a lie
‫ افك‬ifk and ‫ افيكة‬afīka pl. ‫ افائك‬afā’ik2 lie,
untruth, falsehood
‫ افاك‬affak liar, lying
‫ افل‬afala u i (‫ افول‬ufūl) to go down, set (stars)
‫ افول‬ufūl setting (of stars)
‫ آفل‬āfil transitory, passing
‫ افالطون‬aflāṯūn2 Plato
‫ افن‬afan stupidity
‫ افين‬afīn and ‫ مأفون‬ma’fūn stupid, foolish,
fatuous; fool
‫ افندي‬afandī pl. -īya gentleman (when referring
to non-Europeans wearing Western clothes
and the tarboosh); (after the name) a title
of respect (eg.); ‫ !افندم‬afandim! Sir! (eg.)
afandim? (I beg your) pardon? What did
you say? 20
‫( افوكاتو‬It. avvocato) avokātō advocate, lawyer,
attorney│‫ االفوكاتو العمومي‬representative of
the attorney general (= Fr. avocat général)
‫ افيون‬afyūn opium│‫ روح االفيون‬al-a. laudanum
‫ اقة‬uqqa pl. -āt oka, a weight, in Eg. = 1.24s
kg, in Syr. = 1.2s2 kg
‫ مؤقت‬see ‫وقت‬
‫ اقحوان‬uqhūwān pl. ‫ اقاحى‬aqāḥī daisy
‫ اقرباذين‬aqrabādīn composite medicament│ ‫علم‬
‫‘ االقرباذين‬ilm al-a. pharmaceutics,
pharmacology
‫ اقرباذيني‬aqrabādīnī pharmaceutic(al)
‫ اقيط‬aqīṯ cottage cheese
‫ اقليد‬iqlīd look up alphabetically
‫ اقلم‬aqlama to acclimate, acclimatize, adapt, ‫ اكسير‬iksīr elixir
adjust II ta'aqlama to acclimatize (o.s.)
‫ اكف‬akuff see ‫كف‬
2
‫ اقليم‬iqlīm pl. ‫ اقاليم‬aqiilim climate; area,
‫ اكل‬akala u (akl, ‫ مأكل‬ma’kal) to eat (‫ ھـ‬s.th.); to
region; province, district; administrative
eat up, consume, swallow, devour, destroy
district (Eg.; = ‫ مديرية(; االقاليم‬country, (‫ ھـ‬s.th.); to eat, gnaw (‫ ھـ‬at), 21 eat away,
provinces (as distinguished from the city) corrode, erode (‫ ھـ‬s.th.); to spend
‫ اقليمي‬iqlīmī climatic; regional, local; unlawfully (‫ ھـ‬s.th.). enrich o.s. feather
territorial│‫( المياه االقليمية‬miyāh) territorial one's nest (‫ ھـ‬with)│ ‫اكل عليه الدھر وشرب‬
waters (dahru, šariba) to be old and worn out, be
timeworn; ‫( اكل الربا‬ribā) to take usurious
‫ اقليد‬iqlīd pl. ‫ اقاليد‬aqālīd2 key
interest; ‫ يعلم من اين تؤكل الكتف‬ya‘lamu min
‫ اقليدس‬iqlīdis Euclid aina tu’kalu l-katif he knows how to
‫ اقنوم‬uqnūm pl. ‫ اقانيم‬aqānīm2 hypostasis, divine tackle the matter properly; ‫( اكله جلده‬j
person within the Trinity (Chr.); ‫ه‬lduhū) his skin itched; ‫اكل في الصحن‬
constitutive element (ṣaḥn) to eat off a plate; ‫( اكل حقه‬ḥaqqahū)
to encroach upon s.o.’s right II and IV to
‫( اقونة‬Gr. είκών) iqūna icon (Chr.) give s.o. (‫ )ه‬s.th. (‫ )ھـ‬to eat, feed (‫ ھـ ه‬s.o.
‫ اقيانوسية‬uqyanūsiya Oceania s.th.) III to eat, dine (‫ ه‬with s.o.) V to be
devoured, be consumed; to be eaten away,
‫ اكادى‬akkādī Akkadian corrode, undergo corrosion; to become
‫ اكاديمية‬akādīmīya academy old, worn, timeworn, full of cracks; to be
destroyed by corrosion VI = V
‫ اكتوبر‬okctober October
‫ اكل‬akl food; meal, repast; fodder, feed│
‫ اكد‬II to assure (‫ ھـ ل‬s.o. of, ‫ ان‬that); to give
‫غرفة االكل‬gurfat al-a. dining room; (eg.) ‫اكل‬
assurance (‫ ھـ ل‬s.o. of); to confirm (‫ ھـ‬s.th.
‫ البحر‬a. al-baḥr land washed away by the
a view) V to be or become convinced,
sea or the Nile (as opposed to ‫)طرح البحر‬
convince o.s. (‫ من‬s.th.); to reassure o.s.,
make sure (‫ من‬of s.th.); to be sure (‫ من‬of); ‫ اكل‬ukul, ukl food; fruit│ ‫ آتى اكله‬to bear
to be urgent, imperative, requisite fruit
‫ تأكيد‬ta'kīd pl. -āt assurance; ‫ اكلة‬akla pl. akalāt meal, repast; -- ukla
confirmation; emphasis; ‫ بالتأكيد‬most bite, morsel
certainly! of course!
‫ تأكد‬ta’akkud assurance, reassurance
○ ‫ اكال‬ukāl prurigo, itch eruption
(med.)
‫ أكيد‬akīd certain, sure; firm (resolve);
‫ اكال‬akkāl, ‫ اكيل‬akīl, ‫ اكول‬akūl voracious,
definite (desire); urgent, imperative
gluttonous; hearty eater, gourmand,
(need); ‫ أكيدا‬akīdan certainly! surely!
glutton
‫ مؤكد‬mu’akkad certain, definite, sure;
‫ مأكل‬ma’kal pl. ‫ مآكل‬ma’ākil2 food, eats
confirmed
‫ تأكل‬ta’akkul wear; corrosion; erosion
‫ متأكد‬muta'akkid convinced (‫ من‬of)
(geol.)
1
‫ اكر‬akara i (akr) to plow, till, cultivate (‫ ھـ‬the
‫ تآكل‬ta’ākul wear; corrosion; erosion
land)
(geol.)
‫ اكار‬akkār pl. -ūn, ‫ اكرة‬akara plowman
‫ ائتكل‬i’tikāl erosion (geol.)
2
‫ اكرة‬ukra pl. ‫ اكر‬ukar ball (for playing)
‫ آكل‬ākil eater
‫ اكزيما‬ekzēmā eczema (med.)
‫ آكلة‬ākila gangrenous sore
‫ اشعة اكس‬aši‘‘at iks X-rays
‫ مأكول‬ma’kūl eatable, edible; pl. ‫ مأكوالت‬food,
‫ اكسترا‬extra foodstuffs, eatables, edibles
‫ اكسجين‬oksižēn oxygen ‫ مؤاكل‬mu’ākil table companion
 ‫ متأكل‬muta’akkil and ‫ متآكل‬muta’ākil
corroded; eroded; worn, timeworn; full of
cracks; rusty, rust-eaten
‫ اكليروس‬iklīrūs clergy (Chr.)
‫ اكليروسية‬iklīrūsīya clericalism
‫ اكليركي‬iklīrikī cleric(al)
‫ اكلينيكي‬iklīnīkī clinical
‫ اكمة‬akama pl. -āt, ‫ اكام‬ikām, ‫ اكم‬ukum, ‫آكام‬
ākām (coll. ‫ اكم‬akam) hill; reef; heap, pile│
‫( وراء االكمة ما وراءھا‬warā’a) something's
fishy! there is more to it than meets the
eye
‫ ال‬ill pact, covenant; blood relationship,
consanguinity
1
‫ اال‬a-lā and ‫ اما‬a-mā see│a
2
‫اال‬alā see 1‫الو‬
3
‫ اال‬allā (= ‫ ان ال‬an lā) lest, that ... not, in order
that ... not, so as not to
4
‫ اال‬illā (=‫ ان ل‬in lā) unless if not; except, save;
(after negation:) only, but, not until│‫اال ان‬
illā anna except that ..., yet, however,
nevertheless (also introducing main
clauses); ‫ اال اذا‬illā idā unless, if not; except
when; ‫ واال‬wa-illā (and if not =) otherwise,
orelae; ‫ اال وھو‬illā wa-huwa (with a
preceding negation) unless he ..., except
that he ... ; ‫ وما ھي اال ان‬wa-mā hiya illā an
(with following verb in perf.) it was not
long until ... ; presently, forthwith; ‫وما ھي‬
‫ حتى‬... ‫ اال ان‬wa-ma hiya illā an ... ḥattā no
sooner had he ... than .... e.g..... ‫فما ھي اال أن‬
‫( ھم حتى فعل‬hamma) he had no sooner made
his plan than he carried it out
‫ االسكا‬alaska Alaska
‫ االى‬alay and ‫ آالى‬ālay pl. -āt regiment 22
1
‫ الب‬alaba u i (alb) to gather, join forces, rally
II to incite (‫ على ه‬s.o. against) V to rally,
band together, plot, conspire (‫ على‬against)
2
‫ جبال االلب‬jibal al-alb the Alps
‫ االلبان‬al-albān the Albanians
‫ البانيا‬albāniyā Albania
‫ الخ‬abbreviation of ‫ الى آخره‬ilā āḳirihī and so
on, etc.
‫ الذى‬alladī f. ‫ التى‬allatī, pl. m. ‫ الذين‬alladīna f.
‫ الالتى‬allātī, ‫ اللواتى‬allawātī, ‫ الالئى‬allā’ī
(relative pronoun) he who, that which;
who, which, that│‫ بعد اللتيا والتى‬ba‘da l-
lutayyā wa-llatī after lengthy discussions,
after much ado
‫( الزاس‬Fr. Alsace) alzās2 Alsace (region of NE
France)
‫ الس‬II to belittle, disparage (‫ على‬s.o.)
2
‫ الف‬alf pl. ‫ الوف‬ulūf, ‫ آالف‬ālāf thousand;
millennium│‫( الوف مؤلف‬mu’allafa) or ‫آالف‬
‫ مؤلفة‬thousands and thousands; ‫عشرات‬
‫ االلوف‬ašarāt al-u. tens of thousands; ‫مآت‬
‫ االلوف‬mi’āt al-u. hundreds of thousands
‫ الفى‬alfī: ‫‘( عيد الفى‬īd) millennial
celebration, millenary
2
‫ الف‬alif name of the letter│‫ من الفه الى يائه‬from
beginning to end, from A to Z; ‫يعرف الفه‬
‫( وياءه‬wa-yā’ahū) he knows it from A to Z;
‫ الف باء‬ABC
3
‫ الف‬alifa a (alf) to be acquainted, familiar,
conversant (‫ ھـ‬with s.th.); to be on
intimate terms (‫ ه‬with s.o.); to be or get
accustomed, used, habituated (‫ ھـ‬to); to
like (‫ ھـ‬s.th.), be fond of (‫ ;)ھـ‬to become
tame II to accustom, habituate (‫ ھـ ه‬s.o. to
s.th.); to tame, domesticate (‫ ھـ‬an animal);
to form (‫ ھـ‬e,g., a committee, a
government); to unite, join, combine, put
together (‫ بين‬different things); to compile,
compose, write (‫ ھـ‬a book) V to be
composed, be made up, consist (‫ من‬of); to
be united, be combined VI to be attuned to
each other, be in tune, be in harmony; to
harmonize (‫ مع‬with) VIII to be united, be
linked, be connected; to be on familiar,
intimate terms (‫ ب‬with); to form a.
coalition (pol.); to fit, ‫س‬uit (‫ مع‬s.th.), go
well, agree, harmonize (‫ مع‬with); to be
well-ordered, neat, tidy X to seek the
intimacy, court the friendship (‫ ه‬of s.o.)
‫ الف‬ilf pl. ‫ االف‬ullāf intimate; close
friend, intimate, confidant; lover
‫ الف‬ulfa familiarity, intimacy;
friendship, love, affection; union, concord,
harmony, congeniality
‫ اليف‬alīf familiar, intimate; tame,
domesticated (animal); friendly, amicable,
genial; (pl. ‫ االئف‬alā’if2) intimate, close
friend, associate, companion
 ‫ الوف‬alūf familiar, intimate; tame,
domesticated (animal); attached, devoted,
faithful
‫ مألف‬ma'laf object of familiarity
‫ تأليف‬ta’līf formation (e.g., of a
government); union, junction,
combination (‫ بين‬of separate things);
literary work; composition, compilation,
writing (of a book, of an article); (pl. ‫تآليف‬
ta’ālīf2, ‫ )تواليف‬work, book, publication
‫ تآلف‬ta’āluf harmony; familiarity,
intimacy, mutual affection; comradeship,
camaraderie
‫ ائتالف‬I’tilāf concord, harmony;
agreement (‫ مع‬with); union; coalition,
entente (pol.)
‫ ائتالفي‬I’tilāfī coalition- (in
compounds)│ ‫ وزارة ائتالفية‬coalition cabinet
‫ الف‬ma’lūf familiar, accustomed; usual,
customary; custom, usage 23
‫ مؤلف‬mu’allif pl. -ūn author, writer; --
mu’allaf composed, consisting, made up (
‫ من‬of); written, compiled; (pl. -āt) book,
publication; see also 1‫ الف‬alf
‫ متآلف‬muta’ālif harmonious
‫ الق‬alaqa i, (alq) to shine, radiate, flash, glitter,
glisten V and VIII do.
‫ الق‬alaq brightness, brilliance
‫ االق‬allāq bright, shining, brilliant,
radiant; glittering, flashing, sparkling
‫ تألق‬ta’alluq glow, radiance, effulgence
‫ متألق‬mula’alliq bright, shining, brilliant,
radiant
‫ الكتروني‬elektrōnī electronic│‫‘( عقل الكتروني‬aql)
electronic computer
2
‫ الم‬alima a (alam) to be in pain, feel pain; to
suffer (y from s.th.) II and IV to cause
pain or suffering (‫ ه‬to s.o.), pain, ache,
hurt (‫ ه‬s.o.) V = I; to complain
‫ الم‬alam pl. ‫ آالم‬ālām pain, ache,
suffering, agony│‫( آالم نفسانية‬nafsānīya)
mental agony; ‫ اسبوع اآلالم‬usbū‘ al-a.
Passion Week (Chr.)
‫ اليم‬alīm aching, sore; sad, grievous,
painful, excruciating; hurting
‫ تألم‬ta’allum sensation of pain, pain, ache
‫ مؤلم‬mu’allim aching, painful; sad,
grievous, distressing
‫ متألم‬muta’allim aching, painful; in pain,
suffering, deeply afflicted; tormented
2
‫ االم‬ilā-mā see ‫الى‬
‫ الماس‬almās (al sometimes interpreted as
definite article) diamond
‫ االلمان‬al-almān the Germans
‫ الماني‬almānī German; (pl. -ūn, ‫المان‬
almān) a German
‫ المانيا‬almāniyā Germany
‫ المانية‬almānīya German character or
characteristics, Germanity
‫ اله‬II to deify (‫ ه‬s.o.), make a god of s.o. (‫ )ه‬V
to become a deity, a godhead; to deify o.s.
‫ االه‬,‫ اله‬ilāh pl. ‫ آلھة‬āliha god, deity,
godhead
‫ االھة‬ilaha pl. -āt goddess
‫ االھي‬،‫ الھي‬ilāhī divine, of God;
theological; ‫ االالھيات‬al-ilāhīyāt
theological, spiritual concerns ‫علم االالھيات‬
‘i1m al-i. theology
‫ ﷲ‬allāh Allah, God (as the One and Only)│
‫ درك‬li-llāh darruka exclamation of
admiration and praise, see ‫در‬
‫ اللھم‬allāhumma O God!│ ‫( اللھم اال‬illā)
unless, were it not that, except that, or at
best (after a negative statement); ‫اللھم اذا‬
(idā) at least if or when; if only; ‫اللھم نعم‬
(na‘am) by God, yes! Most certainly!
‫ الوھية‬ulūhīya divine power, divinity
‫ تأليه‬ta’līh deification, apotheosis
‫ آله‬ālih (pagan) god
‫ آلھة‬āliha pl. -āt goddess
‫ آلھي‬ālihī divine
‫ متأله‬muta’allih divine, heavenly
‫ الالھوت‬etc., see ‫الھوت‬
1
( ‫ آلو(االال‬alā u to neglect or fail to do, not to
do (‫ في‬s.th.), desist, refrain (‫ في‬from
s.th.)│ ‫(ال يألو جھدا في‬jahdan)
‫ال‬ he will go to
any length, he spares no effort, goes out of
his way for IV to swear│‫ آلى على نفسه ان‬he
promised himself that he ...
 ‫ ايالء‬īlā’ oath
1 opposite Khartoum); ‫ ام الراس‬u. ar-ra's
‫( آلو‬Fr. hallo) hello!
‫ الومنيا‬alūminyā and ‫ الومنيوم‬aluminyom
aluminum 24
l
‫ الى‬ilā (prep.) to, toward; up to, as far as; till,
until; ‫( الى ان‬conj.) until│‫( الى آخره‬āḳirihī)
and so forth, et cetera; ‫ الى ذلك‬besides,
moreover, furthermore, in addition to that;
‫ الى غد‬till tomorrow! ‫( اللقاء الى‬liqā’) good-
by! ‫ االم‬ilāma (= ‫ )الى ما‬up to where! how
far! ‫ الى متى‬till when! how long! ‫اليك عني‬
(‘annī) get away from me! away with you!
‫( الى جانب ذلك‬jānibi d.) besides, moreover,
in addition to that; ‫ ھذا الى ان‬moreover,
furthermore; ‫( الى غير ذلك‬gair d.) and the
like; ‫ وما اليه‬and the like, et cetera; ‫ومن اليه‬
‫( ))اليھم‬wa-man) and other people like that;
‫( اليك‬addressing the reader) now here you
have ... ; here is (are) ... ; following is
(are) ..., e.g., ‫ والى القارئ ما‬in the following,
the reader will find what ... ; ‫اسلوب عبراني‬
‫( الى العربية‬uslūb ‘ibrānī) a style of Hebrew
approximating Arabic; ‫ال الى ھذا وال الى ذاك‬
neither this way nor that way, belonging
to neither group; ‫ االمر اليك‬it’s up to you,
the decision is yours
2 ‫ امومة‬umūma motherhood; motherliness,
‫(آالالء‬pl. of ‫ الى‬ilan) benefits, blessings
3
‫ الية‬alya, ilya pl. alayāt fat tail (of a sheep);
buttock
‫ الياذة‬iliyāda Iliad
1
‫ ام‬am or? (introducing the second member of
an alternative question)
2
‫ امة‬ama pl. ‫ اماء‬imā’, ‫ اموات‬amawāt bondmaid,
slave girl
3
‫ ام‬amma u (amm) to go, betake o.s., repair (‫ھـ‬
to a place), go to see (‫ ه‬s.o.); -- (‫امامة‬
imāma) to lead the way, lead by one’s
example (‫ ه‬s.i.); to lead (‫ ه‬s.o.) in prayer; --
(‫ امومة‬umūma) to be or become a mother II
to nationalize (‫ ھـ‬s.th.) V to go, betake o.s.
repair (‫ ھـ‬to a place), go to see (‫ ه‬s.o.) VIII
to follow the example (‫ ب‬of s.o.)
‫ ام‬umm pl. ‫ امھات‬ummahāt mother; source,
origin; basis, foundation; original, original
2
version (of a book); the gist, essence of
s.th.; pl. ‫ امھات‬matrix (typ.)│ ‫ ام الحبر‬u. al-
ḥibr cuttlefish squid; ‫ ام الحسن‬u. al-ḥasan
(magr.) nightingale; ‫ ام الخلول‬u. al-ḳulūl
river mussel (zool.); ‫ ام درمان‬u. durmān
Omdurman (city in central Sudan,
skull, brain; cerebral membrane,
meninges; ‫ ام اربع واربعين‬u. arba‘ wa-
arba‘īn centipede; ‫ ام شملة‬u. šamla(ta) this
world, the worldly pleasures; ‫ بام العين‬bi-u.
l-‘ain or ‫ بام عينه‬with one’s own eyes; ‫ام‬
‫ القرآن‬and ‫ ام القرآن‬the first sura of the
Koran; ‫ ام القرى‬u. al-qura Mecca; ‫ام الكتاب‬
also: the original text of the Book from
which Koranic revelation derives; the
uncontested portions of the Koran; ‫ام الوطن‬
u. al-waṯan capital, metropolis; ‫امھات‬
‫ الحوادث‬the most important events; ‫امھات‬
‫ الحروف‬matrix (typ.); ‫ امھات المسائل‬the main
problems; ‫ امھات المسائل‬the principal virtues
‫ امة‬umma pl. ‫ امم‬umam nation, people;
generation│‫ امة محمد‬Mohammed's
community, the Mohammedans; ‫االمم‬
‫( المتحدة‬muttaḥida) the United Nations
‫ امي‬ummī maternal, motherly; illiterate
uneducated; (pl. -ūn) an illiterate
‫ امية‬ummīya ignorance; illiteracy; see
also under 2‫اموى‬
‫ اممي‬umamī international
maternity
‫ امام‬amāma (prep.) in front of; in the
presence of│‫( الى االمام‬amāmi) to the front,
forward, onward, ahead; ‫( لم يكن اال ان‬illā
an) he had no other alternative but to ... ;
‫( وقف امامه‬waqafa) to oppose, resist, stop,
check s.th.
‫ امامى‬amāmī front, fore-, anterior,
forward, foremost│‫( نقطة امامية‬nuqṯa)
outpost 25
‫ امام‬imām pl. ‫ ائمة‬a’imma imam, prayer
leader; leader; master; plumb line
‫ امامة‬imāma imamah, function or office
of the prayer leader; imamate; leading
position; precedence
‫ تأميم‬ta’mīm pl. -āt nationalization
1
‫ اما‬a-mā see│a
‫ اما‬ammā (with foll . ‫ ف‬fa) as to, as for, as far
as... is concerned; but; yet, however, on
the other hand│‫( اما بعد‬ba‘du) (a formular
phrase linking introduction and actual
 subject of a book or letter, approx.:) now
then …, now to our topic: ...
3 ‫( واالمر كذلك‬ammā wa-l-amru) things being
‫ اما‬immā if; ‫ واما‬-- ‫ اما‬be it -- or, either – or
(also ‫ او‬-- ‫)اما‬
‫ امبراطور‬imbrāṯūr emperor
‫ امبراطوري‬imbrāṯūrī imperialist(ic)
‫ امبراطورية‬imbrātūrīya empire,
imperium; imperialism
‫ امبير‬ambīr pl. ‫ امابير‬amābīr2 ampere (el.)
‫ امبيق‬imbiq = ‫انبيق‬
‫ امت‬amt crookedness, curvedness, curvation,
curvature; weakness
‫ امد‬amad pl. ‫ آماد‬āmād end, terminus,
extremity; period, stretch or span of time,
time; distance│‫ منذ امد بعيد‬for a long time
(past); ‫ قصير االمد‬short-dated; of short
duration, short-lived; short-term
‫ امر‬amara u (amr) to order, command, bid,
instruct (‫ ه‬s.i. ‫ ب‬to do s.th.), commission,
charge, entrust (‫ ه‬s.o. ‫ ب‬with s.th. or to do
s.th.); -- amara, amura u (‫ امارة‬imāra) to
become an emir II to invest with authority,
make an emir (‫ ه‬s.o., ‫ على‬over) III to ask
s.o. 's (‫ )ه‬advice, consult (‫ ه‬s.o.) V to come
to power; to set o.s. up as lord and master;
to behave like an emir; to assume an
imperious attitude; to be imperious,
domineering VI to take counsel, deliberate
together, confer, consult with each other;
to plot, conspire (‫ على‬against) VIII to
deliberate, take counsel) (‫ ب‬about); to
conspire, plot, hatch a plot (‫ ب‬against
s.o.)│ ‫ ائتمر بامره‬to carry out s.o.’s orders
‫ امر‬amr 1. pl. ‫ اوامر‬awāmir2 order,
command, instruction (‫ ب‬to do s.th.);
ordinance, decree; power, authority;
(gram.) imperative│ ‫‘( امر عال‬ālin) royal
decree (formerly, Eg.); ‫‘( امر علي‬alīy)
decree, edict of the Bey (formerly, Tun.);
‫ امر قانوني‬ordinance having the force of law
(Tun.); ‫( االمر والنھي‬wa-nnahy) pl. ‫االوامر‬
‫( والنواھي‬lit.: command and interdiction,
i.e.) sovereign power; full power(s),
supreme authority; ‫( امر توريد‬delivery)
order (com.); ‫ تحت امرك‬at your disposal, at
your service. -- 2. pl. ‫ امور‬umūr matter,
affair, concern, business│‫امر واقع‬
(accomplished) fact; ‫ امر معروف‬common
knowledge; ‫ في اول االمر‬at first, in the
beginning; ‫(الالمر ما‬amrin) for some
reason or other; ‫ اليس االمر كذلك‬isn't it so? ‫اما‬
as they are, there will, no doubt, ...; ‫مھما‬
‫( يكن من امر‬min amrin) whatever may
happen; however things may be; ‫ھو بين‬
‫ امرين‬he has two possibilities (or
alternatives); ‫ االمر الذى‬which (introducing
a relative clause the antecedent of which
is another clause); ‫ قضى امره‬qudiya
amruhu it's all over with him; in the latter
and similar phrases, ‫ امره‬is a frequent
paraphrase of "he"
‫ امر‬immar simple-minded, stupid
‫ امرة‬imra power, influence, authority,
command│‫ امرته‬under his command
‫ امارة‬amāra pl. -āt, ‫ امائر‬amā’ir2 sign,
token, indication, symptom, mark,
characteristic 26
‫ امارة‬imāra position or rank of an emir;
princely bearing or manners; principality,
emirate; authority, power│‫ امارة البحر‬i. al-
baḥr office or jurisdiction of an admiral,
admiralty; ‫( امارات ساحل عمان‬i. s. ‘ummān)
Trucial Oman
‫ امير‬amīr pl. ‫ امراء‬umarā’ commander;
prince, emir; title of princes of a ruling
house; tribal chief│ ‫(امير االى‬alay)
commander of a regiment (formerly, Eg.;
approx.: colonel; as a naval rank, approx.:
captain); ‫ امير االمراء‬approx.: major general
(Tun.); ‫( امير البحار‬Eg. 1939) approx.:
admiral, ‫( كبير امراء البحار‬Eg. 1939)
approx.: fleet admiral; ‫ امير البحر‬a. al-baḥr
admiral (when referring to a non-Arab
officer of this rank; Eg. 1939 approx.:
vice-admiral); ‫ امير البحر االكبر‬or ‫امير البحار‬
‫ االعظم‬fleet admiral (when referring to a
non-Arab officer of this rank); ‫ امير اللواء‬a.
al-liwā’ (Ir., since 1933) brigadier; ‫امير لواء‬
‫ العسة‬a. l. al-‘assa commandant of the
Bey's palace guard (formerly, Tun.); ‫امير‬
‫ المؤمنين‬a. al-mu’minīn Commander of the
Faithful, Caliph
‫ اميرة‬amīr pl. -āt princess
‫ اميري‬amīrī (and □ ‫ ميري‬mīrī)
goverment(a1), state-owned, state,
public│ ‫( ارض اميري‬arḍ) government land
(Syr.); ‫ المطبعة االميرية‬government press
 ‫ امار‬ammār constantly urging, always
demanding (‫ ب‬to do s.th.); inciting,
instigating│ ‫( النفس االمارة بالسوء‬nafs, sū’)
the baser self (of man) that incites to evil
‫ تأمور‬ta’mūr soul, mind, spirit;
pericardium (anat.)│‫التھاب التأمور‬
pericarditis (med.)
‫ مؤامرة‬mu’āmara pl. -āt deliberation,
counsel, conference; plot, conspiracy
‫ تأمر‬ta’ammur imperiousness,
domineeringness; imperious deportment,
overbearing manners
‫ تآمر‬ta’āmur joint consultation, counsel,
deliberation, conference; plot, conspiracy
‫ ائتمار‬i’timār deliberation, counsel,
conference; plot, conspiracy
‫ استئمارة‬isti’māra (frequently written
‫ )استمارة‬form, blank
‫ آمر‬āmir commander; lord, master;
orderer, purchaser, customer, client│ ‫اآلمر‬
‫ الناھى‬absolute master, vested with
unlimited authority
‫ مأمور‬ma’mūr commissioned, charged;
commissioner; civil officer, official, esp.,
one in executive capacity; the head of a
markaz and qism (Eg.)│ ‫مأمور البوليس‬
commissioner of police; ‫مأمور التفلسة‬
(taflīsa) receiver (in bankruptcy; jur.);
‫ مأمور‬m. al-ḥaraka traffic manager
(railroad); ‫ مأمور التصفية‬m. al-taṣfīya
receiver (in equity, in bankruptcy; jur.)
‫ مأمورية‬ma’mūrīya pl. -āt order,
instruction; errand; task, assignment,
mission; commission; commissioner's
office, administrative branch of a
government agency, e.g., ‫مأمورية قضائية‬
(qaḍā’īya) judicial commission charged
with jurisdiction in outlying communities
(Eg.)
‫ متآمرون‬muta’āmirūn, conspirators,
plotters
‫ مؤتمون‬mu’tamirūn conspirators,
plotters; members of a congress,
convention, or conference, conferees
‫ مؤتمر‬mu’tamar pl. -āt conference;
convention, congress│‫ مؤتمر الصلح‬m. aṣ-
ṣulḥ peace conference
‫ امرك‬II ta’amraka to become Americanized,
adopt the American way of life, imitate
the Americans
‫ تأمرك‬ta’amruk Americanization
‫ امرلس‬amarillis amaryllis (bot.)
‫ امريكا‬amrīkā (formerly, also ‫ )امريقا‬America│
‫( امريكا الجنوبية‬janūbīya) South America 27
‫ امريكي‬amrīkī American; (pl. -ūn) an
American
‫ االمريكان‬al-amrīkān the Americans
‫ امريكاني‬amrīkānī American; (pl. -ūn) an
American
‫ امس‬amsu (but acc. ‫ امسا‬amsan) the day past,
yesterday; the immediate past, recent
time; -- amsi (adv.) yesterday; recently,
lately, not long ago│ ‫ باالمس‬bi-l-amsi
yesterday; not long ago; ‫ امس االول‬a. l-
awwal two days ago, the day before
yesterday
‫ امسية‬umsīya pl. -āt, ‫ اماسى‬amāsīy
evening
‫ امستردام‬amstirdām Amsterdam
‫ امشير‬amšīr the sixth month of the Coptic
calendar
‫ امع‬imma‘ and ‫ امعة‬imma‘a characterless
person; opportunist, timeserver
‫ امل‬amala u (amal) to hope (‫ ھـ‬or ‫ ب‬for),
entertain hopes (‫ ھـ‬or ‫ ب‬of) II to hope; to
expect (‫ من ھـ‬s.th. of s.o.); to raise hope. (‫ه‬
in s.o.), hold out hope. (‫ ه‬for s.o.), give (‫ه‬
s.o.) reason to hope or expect│ ‫امله خيرا‬
(ḳairan) to let s.o. hope for the best V to
look attentively (‫ في‬،‫ ھـ‬at), regard,
contemplate (‫ في‬،‫ ھـ‬s.th.); to meditate; to
consider, think over, ponder (‫ في‬،‫ ھـ‬s.th.),
reflect (‫ في‬،‫ ھـ‬on)
‫ امل‬amal pl. ‫ آمال‬āmāl hope, expectation
(‫ في‬of s.th., also ‫ ب(│ امل كاذب‬fallacious
hope
‫ مأمل‬ma’mal pl. ‫ مآمل‬ma’amil2 hope
‫ تأمل‬ta’ammul pl. -āt consideration;
contemplation; pl. ‫ تأمالت‬meditations
‫ آمل‬āmil hopeful
‫ مؤمل‬mu’ammil hopeful
‫ مأمول‬ma’mūl hoped for, expected
 ‫ متأمل‬muta’ammil contemplative,
meditative, reflective; pensive, wistful,
musing
‫ امن‬amuna u (‫ امانة‬amāna) to be faithful,
reliable, trustworthy; -- amina a (amn, ‫امان‬
amān) to be safe, feel safe (‫ من‬or ‫ ھـ‬from)
II to reassure (‫ ه‬s.o.), set s.o.’s (‫ )ه‬mind at
rest; to assure, ensure, safeguard,
guarantee, warrant, bear out, confirm,
corroborate (‫ ھـ‬،‫ على‬s.th.); to insure (‫ضد‬
‫ الحريق‬against fire); to entrust (‫ ه‬to s.o., ‫على‬
s.th.); to say "amen" (‫ على‬to s.th.) IV to
believe (‫ ب‬in) VIII to trust (‫ ه‬s.o.), have
confidence, have faith (‫ ه‬in); to entrust (
‫ على ه‬s.o. with, to s.o s.th.) X = VIII; to ask
for protection, for a promise of security,
for indemnity (‫ ه‬s.o.)
‫ امن‬amn safety; peace, security,
protection│‫‘( االمن العام‬āmm) public safety;
‫ رجال االمن‬the police
‫ امان‬amān security, safety; peace;
shelter, protection; clemency, quarter
(mil.); safeguarding, assurance of
protection; indemnity, immunity from
punishment│‫( في امان ﷲ‬a valedictory
phrase) in God's protection!
‫ امين‬amīn pl. ‫ امناء‬umanā’2 reliable,
trustworthy, loyal, faithful, upright,
honest; safe, secure; authorized
representative or agent; trustee; guarantor
(‫ على‬of); chief, head; superintendent,
curator, custodian, guardian, keeper;
chamberlain; master of a guild (Tun.);
(mil.) approx.: quartermaster-sergeant
(Eg. 1939)│ ‫( االمين االول‬awwal) Lord
Chamberlain (formerly, at the Eg. Court);
‫ كبير االمناء‬approx.: Chief Master of
Ceremonies (ibid.); ‫ امين المخزن‬a. al-
maḳzan warehouse superintendent; stock
clerk; ‫ امين سر الدولة‬a. sirr ad-daula and
‫ امين السر‬a. as-sirr permanent secretary of
state (Sy,.); ‫ امين الصندوق‬a. aṣ-ṣundūq and
‫ امين المال‬treasurer; cashier; ‫امين العاصمة‬
mayor (esp. Ir.); ‫‘( امين عام‬āmm) secretary
general; ‫ امين المكتب‬a. al-maktab (formerly)
a subaltern rank in the Eg. navy (1939) 28
‫ آمين‬āmīn amen!
‫ امانة‬amāna reliability, trustworthiness;
loyalty, faithfulness, fidelity, fealty;
integrity, honesty; confidence, trust, good
faith; deposition in trust; trusteeship; (pl.
-āt) s.th. deposited in trust, a deposit, trust,
charge; secretariat│‫ امانة الصندوق‬a. aṣ-
ṣundūq treasury department; ‫امانة عامة‬
(‘āmma) secretariat general; ‫محزن االمانات‬
maḳzan al-a. baggage checkroom
‫ مأمن‬ma’man place of safety, safe place
‫ تأمين‬ta’mīn securing, protection;
assurance; safeguarding; reassurance;
ensuring; guaranty, warranty; security,
surety; insurance│ ‫( تأمين اجتماعي‬ijtimā’ī)
social security; ‫( تأمين ضد الحريق‬ḍidda) fire
insurance; ‫( تأمين على الحياة‬ḥayāh) life
insurance
‫ ايمان‬iman faith, belief (‫ ب‬in)
‫ ائتمان‬I’timān trust, confidence; credit
‫ استئمان‬isti’mān trust, confidence
‫ آمن‬āmin peaceful
‫ مأمون‬ma’mūn reliable, trustworthy
‫ مؤمن عليه‬mu’amman ‘alaihi insured
‫ مؤمن‬mu’min believing, faithful; believer
‫ مؤتمن‬mu’taman entrusted (‫ على‬with);
confidant; sequestrator (jur.)
‫ امنيبوس‬omnibus omnibus, bus
1
‫ اموى‬amawī of or like a bondmaid or
handmaid
2
‫ اموي‬umawī Ommiad (adj.)
‫ بنو امية‬banū umayya the Ommiads
‫ اميبا‬amībā amoebae
‫ اميرال‬amīrāl admiral
‫ اميركه‬،‫ اميركا‬amērikā, amērika America
‫ اميرالية‬amīrālīya admiralty
1
‫ ان‬an (conj.) that; -- in 1. (conj.) if; ‫ وان‬wa-in
although, even though, even if; ‫ وان – ان‬be
it -- or (be it); ‫ اال‬illā (= ‫ )ان ال‬look up
alphabetically 2. (particle) not, esp. in the
phrase ‫ ان ھو اال‬in huwa illā (f. ‫ )ان ھي اال‬it
is nothing but, it is no more than
2
‫ ان‬anna (conj.) that; ‫ بما انه‬bi-mā annahū since
he (it), because he (it); ‫‘ على انه‬alā annahū
while he (it), whereas he (it); introducing
a main clause: however, yet; ‫ وذلك انه‬that is
to say, namely, to wit; -- innā
(intensifying particle introducing a
nominal clause) verily, truly (in most
cases not translated in English)
‫ انما‬innamā but, but then; yet, however; rather,
on the contrary
3 ‫ االنثيان‬al-untayān the testicles
‫ ان‬anna i (‫ انين‬anīn, ‫ تأنان‬ta’nān) to groan,
moan (‫ من‬at)
‫ انة‬anna pl. -āt moan, groan│ ‫انات وآھات‬
wails and laments
‫ انين‬anīn plaintive sound, wail; groan,
moan(ing)
‫ انا‬ana I
‫ اناني‬anānī egotistic; egoistic(al), selfish
‫ انانية‬anānīya egoism, selfishness
‫ االناضل‬al-anāḍul Anatolia
‫ اناناس‬anānas pineapple
‫ انب‬II to blame, censure, reprehend, upbraid (‫ه‬
s.o.)
‫ تأنيب‬ta’nīb blame, censure, rebuke
‫( انبا‬pronounced ambā) Abba, a high
ecclesiastic title of the Coptic Church,
preceding the names of metropolitans,
bishops, patriarchs, and saints (< Άββα)
‫ انبار‬anbār pl. ‫ انابر‬anābir2, ‫ انابير‬anābīr2
warehouse, storehouse, storeroom 29
‫( انباشي‬Turk. onbaşı) onbašī a mil. rank:
corporal (formerly, Eg.); ‫وكيل انباشي‬
approx.: private first class (Eg.)
‫ انبوبة‬،‫ انبوب‬see ‫نب‬
‫ انبيق‬inbīq alembic
‫ انت‬an-ta, f. anti thou, you (2nd pers. sing.); pl.
m. ‫ انتم‬antum, f. ‫ انتن‬antunna you (2nd
pers. pl. and polite form of address); dual
‫ انتما‬antumā both of you
‫ انتذا‬anta-dā it’s you!
‫ انتيكخانة‬antīkḳāna museum
‫ انتيكة‬antīka pl. -āt (eg.) old, old-fashioned,
outmoded
‫ انتمون‬antimūn antimony
‫ انث‬anuta u (‫ انوثة‬unūta) to be or become
feminine, womanly, womanish,
effeminate II to make feminine; to
effeminate, make effeminate; to put into
the feminine form (gram.) V to become
feminine (also gram.)
‫ انثى‬untā pl. ‫ اناث‬ināt, ‫ اناثى‬anātā
feminine; female; a female (of animals);
‫ انثوى‬untawī womanly, female, women's
(in compounds); effeminate, womanish
‫ انوثة‬unūta femininity, womanliness
‫ تأنيث‬ta’nīt the feminine, feminine form
(gram.)
‫ مؤنث‬mu’annat (gram.) feminine (adj.)
‫ انثروبولوجيا‬antrōbōlōjiyā anthropology
‫ انجاص‬injās (syr.) pear
‫( انجلترا‬It. Inghilterra) ingilterā England
‫ االنجليز‬al-ingəlīz the English
‫ انجليزى‬ingəlīzī English; Englishman
‫ انجيل‬injil pl. ‫ اناجيل‬anajīl2 gospel
‫ انجيلى‬injīlī evangelical; evangelist
‫ انجيلية‬injīlīya evangelical creed
‫ االندلس‬al-andalus Spain
‫ اندونيسيا‬indūnīsiyā Indonesia
‫ انس‬anisa a and anusa u (uns) to be
companionable, sociable, nice, friendly,
genial; ‫ انس به‬to like s.o.’s company, like
to be together with s.o.; to be or get on
intimate terms (‫ ب‬or ‫ الى‬with s.o.); to be
used, accustomed, habituated (‫ الى‬to); to
perceive, notice, find (‫ ھـ‬a quality, ‫ من‬،‫في‬
in s.o.); to sense, feel, make out, recognize
(‫ ھـ‬s.th., ‫ في‬in, at)│ ‫(انس لحديثه‬li-ḥadītihī) to
like to listen to s.o. II to put at ease; to
tame III to be friendly, nice (‫ ه‬to s.o.); to
entertain, amuse (‫ ه‬s.o.) IV to keep s.o. (‫)ه‬
company; to entertain, delight, amuse (‫ه‬
s.o.); to perceive, discern, make out (with
the eyes; ‫ ھـ‬s.th.); to sense (‫ ھـ‬s.th.); to
find, see, notice, observe, e.g., ‫آنس فيه الكفاية‬
he saw that be was duly qualified, that he
was a capable man V to become incarnate
(Son of God) X to be sociable,
companionable; to get on familiar terms,
become intimate; to become tame; to be
friendly, nice, kind (‫ ه‬to s.o.); to
accommodate o.s., accustom o.s., settle
down; to be familiar, familiarize o.s.,
acquaint o.s. (‫ ب‬or ‫ الى‬with); to inform
o.s., gather information (‫ ب‬ahout); to take
into consideration, take into account,
bring into play (‫ ب‬s.th.), draw upon s.th. (
 ‫ ;)ب‬to listen (‫ ل‬to s.th.), heed (‫ ب‬an
opinion)
‫ انس‬uns sociability; intimacy,
familiarity, friendly atmosphere
‫ انسى‬unsī: ‫( كعب انسى‬ka‘b) talus, inner
anklebone (anat.)
‫ انس‬ins (coll.) man, mankind, human
race
‫ انسي‬insī human; human being
‫ ناس‬nās (coll.) and ‫ اناس‬unās people
‫ ناسوت‬nāsūt mankind, humanity 30
‫ اناسى‬anāsīy (pl.) people, human beings,
humans
‫ انيس‬anīs close, intimate; close friend;
friendly, kind, affable, civil, polite,
courteous
‫ انسان‬insan man, human being│ ‫انسان‬
‫ العين‬i. al-‘ain pupil (of the eye)
‫ انسانة‬insāna woman
‫ انسانى‬insānī human; humane;
humanitarian, philanthropist
‫ انسانية‬insānīya humanity, humaneness;
politeness, civility; mankind, the human
race
‫ مؤانسة‬mu’ānasa intimacy, familiarity,
friendliness, geniality, cordiality;
sociability; conviviality
‫ ايناس‬īnās exhilaration; friendliness,
geniality; familiarity, intimacy, cordiality;
sociability
‫ تأنس‬ta’annus incarnation (Chr.)
‫ ائتناس‬I’tinās social life, sociability
‫ آنسة‬ānisa pl. -āt, ‫ اوانس‬awānis2 young
lady, miss
‫ مأنوس‬ma’nūs familiar, accustomed
‫ مستأنس‬musta’nis tame
‫( انش‬Engl.) inš inch
‫( انشوجة‬It. acciuga) anšūga (eg.) anchovy
‫ انطاكية‬anṯākiya2 Antioch (ancient city in Syria;
now Antakya, in S Turkey)
‫ انطولوجى‬onṯōlōjī ontologic(al) (philos.)
‫ انف‬anifa a (anaf) to disdain, scorn (‫ من‬s.th., ‫ان‬
to do s.th.); to reject haughtily (‫ ھـ‬s.th.) X
to resume, renew, recommence (‫ ھـ‬s.th.);
(jur.) to appeal (‫ ھـ‬a sentence)
‫ انف‬anf pl. ‫ آناف‬ānāf, ‫ انوف‬unūf nose; spur (of a
mountain); pride│ ‫ رغم انفه‬ragma anfihi in
defiance of him, to spite him; ‫كسر انفه‬
(anfahū) to humiliate s.o., to put s.o.'s
nose out of joint; ‫ شامح االنف‬stuck-up,
haughty, proud
‫ انفى‬anfī nasal
‫ انفة‬anafa pride; rejection; disdain (‫ من‬of
s.th.)
‫ انوف‬anūf proud, haughty, stuck-up,
supercilious, disdainful
‫ استئناف‬isti’nāf fresh start,
recommencement, renewal, resumption,
reopening (also, of a legal case); appeal
(jur.)│ ‫( قدم استئنافا‬qaddama) to appeal,
make an appeal (jur.)
‫ استئنافى‬isti’nāfī of appeal, appellate;
‫ استئنافيا‬isti’nāfīyan by appeal
‫ آنف‬ānif preceding, above│ ‫آنف الذكر‬
(dikr) preceding, above, above-mentioned;
‫ آنفا‬ānifan previously, above, in the
foregoing
‫ مؤتنف‬mu’tanaf primordial, virginal
state; beginning
‫( انفرس‬Fr. Anvers) anvers Antwerp (city in N
Belgium)
‫ انفلونزا‬influwanzā influenza, grippe
‫ انق‬aniqa a to be neat, trim, smart, spruce,
comely, pretty; to be happy (‫ ب‬about), be
delighted (‫ ب‬by) IV to please (‫ ه‬s.o.)│‫يؤنقه‬
‫( الشيء‬šai’u) he likes the thing V to apply
o.s. eagerly and meticulously (‫ فى‬to); to be
meticulous, fastidious, finical; to be chic,
elegant
‫ اناقة‬anāqa elegance
‫ انيق‬anīq neat, trim, spruce, comely,
pretty; elegant, chic
‫ انوق‬anūq Egyptian vulture (Neophron
perenopterus)│ ‫ اعز من بيض االنوق‬a‘azz2
min baiḍi l-a. (lit.: rarer than the eggs of a
vulture, i.e.) approx.: scarcer than hens’
teeth (proverbially for s.th. rare)
‫ تأنق‬ta’annuq elegance 31
 ‫ مؤنق‬mu’anniq, ‫ مونق‬mūniq pretty,
comely, winsome, nice, pleasing
‫ متأنق‬muta’anniq chic, elegant
‫ انقره‬anqara Ankara
‫ انقليس‬anqalīs eel
‫ آنك‬ānuk lead (metal)
‫ انكشارى‬inkišārī pl. -īya Janizary
‫ انكلترة‬،‫( انكلترا‬It. Inghilterra) ingilterā,
ingiltera England
‫ انكلوسكسون‬al-anglosaksūn the Anglo-Saxons
‫ اھبة‬uhba pl. ‫ اھب‬uhab preparation,
‫ انكلوسكسونية‬al-anglosaksūnīya Anglo-
Saxondom
‫ االنكليز‬al-inglīz the Engliah
‫ انكليزى‬inglīzī English; Englishman
‫ انكليس‬ankalīs eel
‫ االنام‬al-anām and ‫( اآلنام‬coll.) mankind, the
human race
‫ انموذج‬unmūdaj model, pattern; type, example;
sample, specimen
‫ انمون‬anamūn anemone (bot.)
1
‫ انى‬anā i to mature, become ripe; to draw
near, approach, come (esp. time)│ ‫انى له ان‬
it is (high) time that he; esp. in negative
statements: ‫ الم يأن‬a-lam ya'ni? isn't it
about time ...? V to act slowly, proceed
unhurriedly, bide one's time, be patient X
to take one's time, hesitate (‫ فى‬in, with); to
wait
‫ انى‬anan pl. ‫ آناء‬ānā’ (span of) time,
period│ ‫(فى آناء الليل‬laili) all night long; ‫آناء‬
‫ الليل واطراف النھار‬ānā’a l-laili wa-aṯrāfa n-
nahār by day and by night
‫ اناة‬anāh deliberateness; perseverance,
patience│ ‫ طول االناة‬ṯūl al-a. long-
suffering, great patience; ‫ طويل االناة‬long-
suffering (adj.)
‫ اناء‬inā’ pl. ‫ آنية‬āniya, ‫اوان‬awānin2 vessel,
container, receptacle│ ‫ آنية الطعام‬a.. aṯ-
ṯa‘ām table utensils, dishes; mess kit
‫ تأن‬ta’annin slowness, deliberateness
‫ متأن‬muta’annin slow, unhurried,
deliberate
2
‫ انى‬annā (interrog. part.) where ... from? why
is it that ... ? why? Where? (place and
direction); how? wherever; however│ ‫وانى‬
‫ له اال‬... (allā) and why shouldn't he ... ?
‫ انيسون‬anīsūn, ‫ آنيسون‬aniseed
‫ انيميا‬anīmiyā anemia│○ ‫ انيميا خبيثة‬pernicious
anemia (med.)
‫ آه‬āhi! ‫ آھا‬āhan! (interj.) oh!
‫ اھب‬II to prepare, make ready, equip (‫ ه‬،‫ل ھـ‬
s.o., s.th. for) V to be ready, be prepared;
to prepare o.s., get ready; to equip s.o., be
equipped (‫ ل‬for)
preparedness, readiness, alertness;
equipment, outfit, gear│ ‫ اھبة الحرب‬u. al-
ḥarb military equipment; ‫على اھبة الرحيل‬
ready to set out; ‫ على اھبة االستعداد‬fully
prepared; on the alert (mil.); ‫ أخذ اھبته‬to
make one's preparations, get ready
‫ اھاب‬ihāb skin, hide
‫ تأھب‬ta’ahhub preparedness, readiness;
(pl. -āt) preparation
‫ متأھب‬muta’ahhib ready, prepared
‫ اھل‬ahala u (‫ اھول‬uhūl) to take a wife, get
married; -- ahila a to be on familiar terms
(‫ ب‬with); -- pas. uhila to be inhabited, be
populated (region, place) II to make fit or
suited, to fit, qualify (‫ ه‬،‫ ل ھـ‬s.o., s.th. for);
to make possible (‫ ھـ ل‬for s.o. s.th.),
enable (‫ ھـ ل‬s.o. to do s.th.), make
accessible (‫ ھـ ل‬to s.o. s.th.); to welcome (
‫ ب‬s.o.) V to be or become fit, suited,
qualified (‫ ل‬for s.th.); to 32 take a wife; to
marry, get married X to deserve merit (‫ھـ‬
s.th.), be worthy (‫ ھـ‬of)
‫ اھل‬ahl pl. –ūn, ‫ اھال‬ahālin relatives,
folks, family; kin, kinfolk; wife; (with
foll. genit.) people, members, followers,
adherents, possessors, etc.; inhabitants;
deserving, worthy (‫ ل‬of s.th.); fit, suited,
qualified (‫ ل‬for); pl. ‫ األھالى‬،‫ األھلون‬the
natives, the native population│ ‫ اھل البيت‬a.
al-bait members (of the house, i.e.) of the
family; the Prophet's family; ‫ اھل الدار‬the
people living in the house; ‫ اھل الحرفة‬a. al-
ḥirfa people of the trade; ‫ اھل الحلف‬a. al-
ḥilf people pledged by oath, members of a
sworn confederacy; ‫ اھل الخبرة‬a. al-ḳibra
people of experience, experts; ‫اھل السفسطة‬
a. al-safsata Sophists; ‫ اھل السنة‬a. as-sunna
 the adherents of the Sunna, the Sunnis; ‫اھل‬
‫ المدر والوبر‬a. al-madar wa-l-wabar the
resident population and the nomads; ‫اھل‬
‫ الوجاھة‬a. al-wajāha people of rank and
high social standing; ‫ اھال وسھال‬ahlan wa-
sahlan welcome! ‫ اھال بك‬ahlan bika
welcome to youl ‫ له في دارنا اھل‬he is a
welcome guest in our house
‫ اھلي‬ahlī domestic, family (adj.);
native, resident; indigenous; home,
national│ ‫ بنك اھلي‬national bank (Eg.);
‫( حرب اھلية‬ḥarb) civil war; ‫محكمة اھلية‬
(maḥkama) indigenous court (Eg.); ‫القضاء‬
‫( األھلي‬qaḍā’) jurisdiction of indigenous
courts; ‫( اإلنتاج األھلي‬intāj) domestic
production; ‫( وقف اھلي‬waqf) family wakf
‫ اھلية‬ahlīya aptitude, fitness,
suitableness, competence; qualification │ ‫ا‬
‫ ألھلية القانونية‬the civil rights; ‫كامل األھلية‬
legally competent; ‫ عديم األھلية‬legally
incompetent, under tutelage
‫ آھل‬ahil and ‫ مأھول‬ma’hūl inhabited,
populated (region, place)
‫ مؤھالت‬mu’ahhilāt qualifications,
abilities, aptitudes
‫ متأھل‬muta’ahhil married
‫ مستأھل‬musta’hil worthy, deserving,
meriting; entitled
‫ اھليلج‬ihlīlaj myrobalan, emblic (fruit of
Phyllanthus emblica L.; bot.); ellipse
(geom.)
‫ اھليلجي‬ihlīlajī elliptic(al)
‫ او‬au or; (with foll. subj.) unless except that
1
(‫ اوب( آب‬āba u (aub, ‫ اوبة‬auba, ‫ اياب‬iyab) to
return; ‫ ب آب‬to catch, contract, suffer,
incur s.th., be in for s.th., be left with, get
one’s share of
‫ من كل اوب‬min kulli aubin from all sides
or directions; ‫( من كل اوب وصوب‬ṣaubin) do.
‫ اوبة‬auba return
‫ اياب‬iyāb return │ ‫ ذھابا وايابا‬dahāban
wa-iyaban there and back; back and forth,
up and down
‫ مآب‬ma’āb place to which one returns;
(used as verbal noun:) return │ ‫ذھوب ومآب‬
coming and going
2
‫ آب‬look up alphabetically
‫ اوبرا‬and ‫( اوبرا‬It. opera) ōpərā opera; opera
house
‫( اوبريت‬Fr.) ōpərēt operetta
‫( اوت‬Fr. août) August (month; mağr.)
‫( اوتوبيس‬Fr. autobus) otobīs autobus, bus
‫( اوتجراف‬Fr.) otogrāf pl. -āt autograph
‫ اوتوقراطي‬oṯūqrāṯī autocratic
‫( اوتوماتيكي‬Fr.) otomātīkī automatic
‫( اوتوموبيل‬Fr.) otombīl automobile
‫( اوتيل‬Fr.) ōtēl pl. -āt hotel
‫ اوج‬auj highest point, acme, pinnacle;
culmination, climax; apogee (astron.);
peak (fig.; of power. of fame) 33
‫ آح‬āḥ albumen, eggwhite
O ‫ آحين‬āḥīn albumin
(‫ اود( آد‬āda u (aud) to bend, flex, curve, crook (
‫ ھـ‬s.th.); to burden, oppress, weigh down (
‫ ھـ‬s.o.); -- ‫ اود‬awida a (awad) to bend; to
be bent V to bend; to bow
‫ اودة‬auda burden, load
‫ اود‬awad: ‫ قام باوده‬to provide for s.o.’s needs,
stand by s.o. in time of need; ‫أقام اوده‬
(awadahū) do.; to support s.o., furnish s.o.
with the means of subsistence
‫ اوار‬uwār heat, blaze; thirst
‫ اوربا‬urubbā Europe
‫ اوربي‬urubbī Europesn
‫ اورشليم‬ūrušalīm2 Jerusalem
‫ )اورطة )= ارطة‬urṯa pl. ‫ ارط‬uraṯ battalion
(formerly, Eg.; mil.)
‫ اورغوي‬uruguwāy Uruguay
‫( اوركسترا‬It.) arkestrā orchestra
‫( اورنيك‬Turk. örnek) urnīk pl. ‫ ارانيك‬arānīk2
sample, specimen; model, pattern; form,
blank
‫ اوروبا‬urubbā, ‫ اوروپا‬Europe
‫ اوروبي‬urubbī Europesn
‫ اوروجواي‬uruguwāy Uruguay
‫ اوز‬II (eg.) to ridicule (‫ على‬s.o.), make fun of
s.o. (‫)على‬
‫ اوز‬iwazz (col1.; n. un.) goose, geese
‫ آس‬ās myrtle; see also alphabetically
‫ اوستراليا‬usturāliyā Australia
‫( اوستريا‬It.) austriyā Austria
‫ اوسلو‬Oslo
‫ اوسطى‬ūsṯā see ‫اسطى‬
‫ اوشية‬ūšīya pl. ‫ اواش‬awāšin prayer, oration
(Copt.-Chr.)
‫ آفة‬āfa pl. -āt harm, hurt, damage, ruin, bane,
evil; epidemic, plague; plant epidemic
‫ مؤوف‬ma’ūf stricken by an epidemic
‫( اوفرول‬Engl.) ovirōl overalls
l
(‫ اوق( آق‬āqa u to bring s.o. (‫ )على‬bad luck,
cause discomfort or hardship (‫ على‬to) II to
burden (‫ ه‬s.o.) with s.th. unpleasant,
troublesome or difficult
2
‫ اوقة‬see ‫اقة‬
3
‫ اويقات‬uwaiqāt (dimin. of ‫ )اوقات‬short times;
good times
‫ اويقيانوس‬،‫اويقيانس‬ oqiyānus, oqiyānūs ocean
‫ اوقية‬ūqīya pl. -āt ounce, a weight of varying
magnitude (Eg.: 37.44 g; Aleppo 320 g;
Jerusalem 240 g; Beirut 213.3 g)
‫( اوكازيون‬Fr. occasion) okazyōn clearing sale,
special sale
‫ اوكرانيا‬ukrānīya Ukraine
‫( اوكسجين‬Fr. oxygène) oksižēn oxygen
(‫ اول( آل‬āla u (aul, ‫ مآل‬ma’āl) to return, revert (
‫ الى‬to); to go back, be attributed, be
attributable (‫ الى‬to), spring, derive (‫الى‬
from); to lead, conduce, tend (‫ الى‬to),
result eventually (‫ الى‬in); to come or go
eventually (‫ الى‬to s.o.), pass into the hands
of (‫ الى( │ آل األمر الى‬the long and the short
of it was that ... ; ‫( آل به المطاف الى‬maṯāfu)
he eventually got to the point where ... II
to interpret, explain (‫ ھـ‬s.th.)
‫ آل‬āl family, relatives, kinsfolk, clan;
companions, partisans, people; mirage,
fatamorgana
‫ آلة‬āla pl. -āt instrument, utensil; tool;
apparatus; device, implement, appliance;
machine│ ‫ آالت الحس‬ā. al-ḥiss sensory
organs; ‫( آلة بخارية‬buḳārīya) steam engine;
‫ آلة الجر‬ā. al-jarr tractor; ‫آلة جھنمية‬
(jahannamīya) infernal machine; ‫آلة حربية‬
(ḥarbīya) instrument of war; ٣٤ ‫آلة التحريك‬
motor, engine; ‫ آلة حاسبة‬calculating
machine; ‫ آلة الحياكة‬a. al-ḥiyāka power
loom; ‫ آلة الخياطة‬sewing machine; ‫آلة راديو‬
radio; ‫ آلة رافعة‬hoisting machine, crane,
derrick; pump; ‫ آلة التسخين‬and ‫آلة مسخنة‬
(musaḳḳina) heater; ‫آلة التصوير‬
(photographic) camera; ‫ آلة الطباعة‬printing
press; ‫ آلة الغسل‬a. al-gasl washing machine;
‫ آلة التفريخ‬incubator; ‫ آلة االستقبال‬receiver,
receiving set (radio); ‫( آلة مقطرة‬muqaṯṯira)
distilling apparatus, still; ‫ آلة الكتابة‬and ‫آلة‬
‫ كاتبة‬typewriter; ‫ آلة لعب القمار‬a. la‘b al-
qimār slot machine; ‫( آلة موسيقية‬mūsīqīya)
musical instrument; ‫ آلة التنبيه‬alarm; siren
horn (of an automobile); ‫آلة صماء‬
(ṣammā’) (fig.) tool, creature, puppet
‫ آلى‬ālī mechanic(al); mechanized;
motorized; instrumental; organic│ ‫محراث‬
‫( آلي‬miḥrat) motor plow; ‫القوات اآللية‬
(quwāt) motorized troops; ‫حركة آلية‬
(ḥaraka) a mechanical movement
‫ آلية‬ālīya mechanics
‫ آالتى‬ālātī pl. ‫ آالتية‬ālātīya (eg.) musician;
singer
‫ اول‬awwal2, f. ‫ اولى‬ūlā, pl. m. -ūn, ‫اوائل‬
awā’il2 first; foremost, most important,
principal, chief, main; first part,
beginning; (with def. article also) earlier,
previous, former; see a1so under │‫ولى‬
‫( االنسان االول‬insān) primitive man; ‫طبيب اول‬
physician-in-chief; ‫ االولون‬,‫ االوائل‬the
forebears, forefathers, ancestors; ‫اوائل الشھر‬
a. aš-šahr the first ten days of a month,
beginning of a month; ‫ الول مرة‬li-awwali
marratin or ‫ للمرة االولى‬for the first time; ‫من‬
‫ من اوائله‬،‫ اوله‬since its beginnings, from the
very beginning; ‫( من اوله الى آخره‬āḳirihī)
from beginning to end, from A to Z; ‫اول‬
‫ االمر‬awwala l-amr at first, in the
beginning; ‫ االول فاالول‬each time the first
available; ‫( اول ما‬awwala) the moment
when, just when; at the very outset of; ‫اكثر‬
‫( من االول‬aḳtara) more than before
‫ اوال‬awwalan first, firstly, in the first
place; at first, in the beginning│ ‫اوال باول‬
and ‫ اوال فأوال‬by and by, gradually, one after
the other, one by one; ‫ اوال واخيرا‬and ‫اوال‬
‫( وآخرا‬āḳiran) first and I~st, altogether;
simply and solely, merely
 ‫ اولى‬awwalī prime, primary, primordial,
original, initial, first; elemental,
fundamental, basic, principal, chief, main;
elementary; primitive, pristine, primeval│
‫( مدرسة اولية‬madrasa) elementary school,
grade school; ‫( مواد اولية‬mawādd) raw
materials; ‫‘( عدد اولى‬adad) prime number;
‫( فاتورة اولية‬fātūra) pro forma invoice
‫ اولية‬awwalīya pl. -āt fundamental truth,
axiom; primary constituent, essential
component, element; precedence; priority
‫ ايل‬ayyil, iyyal, uyyal pl. ‫ ايائل‬ayā’il2 stag
2
‫ ايالة‬iyāla pl. -āt province; regency
‫ ايلولة‬ailūla title deed (jur.)
‫ مآل‬ma’āl end; outcome, final issue,
upshot; result, consequence│ ‫في الحال وفي‬
‫ المآل‬at present and in the future
‫ تأويل‬ta’wīl pl. -āt interpretation,
explanation
‫ اوالء‬ulā’i, ‫ اوالئك‬،‫ اولئك‬ulā’ika these;
those, pl. of the demonstr. pron. ‫ ذا‬and ‫ذلك‬
‫ اولمبى‬olimbī Olympic│ ‫االلعاب االولمبية‬the
Olympic games
‫ اولمبياد‬olimbiyād Olympiad
‫ اولو‬ulū (pl. of ‫ )ذو‬owners, possessors, people
(with foll.genit.: of)│ ‫اولو االمر‬u. l-amr
rulers, powerful leaders; ‫ اولو الحل والعقد‬u. l-
ḥall wa-l-'aqd (lit.: masters of solving and
binding) do.; ‫ اولو الشأن‬u. š-ša’n the
responsible people
1
‫ اوام‬uwām thirst
2
‫ اوم‬ohm (el.) 35
‫ اومنيبوس‬omnībūs omnibus, bus
1
‫ آن‬ān time; ‫ اآلن‬al-āna now│ ‫ فى آن‬and ‫فى آن‬
‫ واحد‬at the same time, simultaneously; ‫من‬
‫( آن الى آخر‬āḳara) from time to time; ‫ما بين‬
‫( آن وآخر‬wa-āḳara) and ‫ آنا بعد آن‬sometimes,
at times, now and then: once in a while; ‫آنا‬
‫ فآنا‬gradually, by and by, little by little; ‫آنا‬
‫ وآونة‬-- (āwinatan) sometimes --
sometimes, at times -- at times; ‫قبل اآلن‬
qabla l-āna before, previously, formerly;
1
‫ لآلن‬li-l-āna and ‫ حتى اآلن‬ḥattā l-āna until
now, hitherto, so far; ‫ بعد اآلن‬ba‘da l-āna
from now on, henceforth, in the future; ‫من‬
‫ اآلن فصاعدا‬min al-āna fa-ṣā‘idan do.
‫ آنئذ‬āna’idin that day, at that time, then
‫ آنذاك‬ānadāka that day, at that time, then
‫ اون‬aun calmness, serenity, gentleness
‫ اوان‬awān pl. ‫ آونة‬āwina time│ ‫قبل اوانه‬
prematurely; ‫ في اوانه‬at the right time,
timely, seasonably, ‫ في غير اوانه‬at the
wrong time, untimely, unseasonably; ‫بين‬
‫ اآلونة‬from time to time; ‫بين اآلونة واالخرى‬
(uḳrā) and ‫( آونة وأخرى‬āwinatan, uḳrā) at
times, sometimes; ‫ آونة – وأخرى‬sometimes
– sometimes, at times – at times; ‫فات االوان‬
(fāta) it is too late; ‫( آن االوان‬āna) the time
has come, it is time (‫ ل‬for, to do s.th.)
‫ايوان‬look up alphabetically
‫ اونباشى‬onbašī corporal, see ‫انباشى‬
(‫ اوه( آه‬āha u and II to moan, sigh V to moan,
sigh; to sigh with admiration (‫ ل‬over),
exclaim “ah!”
‫ اوه‬awwah (interj.) oh!
‫ آه‬āhi, ‫آھـ‬āhan, ‫ اواه‬awwāhi oh!
‫ آھة‬āha pl. -āt sigh, moan; pl. ‫ آھات‬sighs
of admiration; rapturous exclamations
‫ تأوه‬ta’awwuh moaning. sighing;
admiring exclamation; plaintive sound,
wail
‫ اوى‬awā i to seek refuge, seek shelter (‫ الى‬at a
place); to go (‫ الى‬to bed); to betake o.s.,
repair (‫ الى‬to a place); to shelter, house,
put up, lodge, accommodate, receive as a
guest (‫ ه‬،‫ ھـ‬s.o., s.th.) II to shelter, lodge,
put up, accommodate, receive as a guest (‫ه‬
s.o.) IV to seek shelter (‫ الى‬at a place), to
retire (‫ الى‬to a place); to betake o.s., repair
(‫ الى‬to a place); to shelter, house, put up,
lodge, accommodate (‫ ه‬s.o.)
‫ ايواء‬īwā’ accommodation, lodging,
housing, sheltering
‫ مأوى‬ma’wan pl. ‫ مآو‬ma’āwin place of
refuge, retreat, shelter; abode; resting
place; dwelling, habitation│ ‫مأوى ليلى‬
(lailī) shelter for the night; doss house
‫ ابن آوى‬ibn āwā pl. ‫ بنات آوى‬banāt a.
jackal
‫ آية‬āya, coll. ‫ آي‬āy, pl. -āt sign, token, mark;
miracle; wonder, marvel, prodigy; model,
exemplar, paragon, masterpiece (‫ فى‬of,
e.g., of organization, etc.); Koranic verse,
‫( آي الذكر الحكيم‬āy ad-dikr) the verses of the
 Koran; passage (in a book), utterance,
saying, word; ‫( آيات‬with foll. genit.) moat
solemn assurances (of love, of gratitude)
2 ‫ ايس‬ayisa a (‫ اياس‬iyās) to despair (‫ من‬of s.th.)
‫ اى‬ay that is (to say), i.e.; namely, to wit
3 ‫ اياس‬iyās despair
‫ اى‬ī yes (with foll. ‫ وﷲ‬yes indeed! Yes, by
God!)
4
‫ اى‬ayy, f. ‫ اية‬ayya (with foll. genit. or suffix)
which? what? what kind of? Whoever,
whosoever; any, every, no matter what ... ;
(with neg.) no; ‫ ايما‬ayyumā whatever,
whatsoever│‫ ايا كان‬،‫ اية كانت‬ayyan kāna,
ayyatan kānat whoever he (or she) is, no
matter who he (or she) is; ‫ اي من كان‬ayyu
man kāna whoever it may be, whosoever;
‫( على اي حال‬ayyi ḥālin) in any case, at any
36 rate, at all events, by all means; ‫اى واحد‬
ayyu wāḥidin any one; ‫ ان له شأنا اى شأن‬inna
lahū ša’nan ayya ša’nin it is of the
greatest importance (lit.: it is of
importance, and of what importance!);
‫ اعجب به ايما اعجاب‬u‘jiba bihi ayyama
i‘jābin how much he admired him! he
admired him greatly; ‫اقبل عليه ايما اقبال‬
aqbala ‘alaihi ayyama iqbālin he showed
the greatest interest in it
‫ ايا‬iyyā with nominal suffix to express the
accusative│‫ اياك ان‬take care not to ..., be
careful not to ...; ‫ اياك و‬،‫ اياك من‬beware of ...
! ‫( واياك‬dial. wayyāk), ‫( واياه‬wayyāh) with
you, with him
‫ ايار‬see 2‫اير‬
‫ ايد‬II to back, support (‫ه‬, s.o., ‫ ھـ‬a claim, an
aspiration, etc.); to confirm, corroborate,
endorse (‫ ھـ‬news, a. judgment, etc.) V =
pass. of II
‫ تأييد‬ta’yīd corroboration, confirmation,
endorsement, backing, support
‫( ايدروجين‬Fr. Hydrogène) idrožēn hydrogen
‫( قنبلة ايدروجينية‬qunbula) hydrogen bomb
1
‫ اير‬air pl. ‫ ايور‬uyūr penis
2
‫ ايار‬ayyār2 May (Syr., Leb., Ir., Jord.)
‫ ايران‬īrān Iran, Persia
‫ ايرانى‬īrānī Iranian, Persian; (pl. -ūn) a Persian,
an Iranian
‫ ايرلندا‬irlandā Ireland
‫ ايرلندى‬irlandī Irish; (pl. -ūn) Irishman
‫( ايريال‬Engl.) ēriyāl aerial, antenna
‫ ايزيس‬īzīs Isis
‫( ايشرب‬Fr. écharp,) sash
(‫ ايض( آض‬āḍa i to return, revert (‫ الى‬to s.th.); to
become (‫ الى‬s.th.)
‫ ايضا‬aiḍan also, too, as well, likewise,
equally; again; in addition, besides,
moreover
‫ ايطاليا‬īṯālīyā Italy
‫ ايطالى‬īṯālī Italian; (pl. -ūn) an Italian
‫( ايقونة‬Gr. είκών) īqūna and ‫ ايقونية‬īqūnīya pl.
-āt icon (Chr.)
‫ ايك‬aik (coll.; n. un. ‫ )ة‬thicket, jungle
1
‫ ايل‬and ‫ ايالة‬see ‫اول‬
2
‫ ايلول‬ailūl2 September (Syr., Leb., Ir., Jord.)
3
‫ ايلولة‬ailūla title deed (jur.)
(‫ ايم( آم‬āma i: ‫( آم من زوجته‬zaujatihī) to lose
one's wife, become or be a widower, ‫آمت‬
‫( من زوجھا‬zaujiha) to lose one’s husband,
become or be a widow
‫ ايمة‬aima, ‫ ايوم‬uyūm and ‫ تأيم‬ta’ayyum
widowhood
‫ ايم‬ayyim pl. ‫ ايائم‬ayā’im2, ‫ ايامى‬ayāmā
widower, widow
‫ ايوم‬aiwam2 see ‫يوم‬
‫ ايما‬ayyumā see 4‫ اي‬ayy
1
(‫ اين( آن‬āna i to come, approach, draw near
(time)│ ‫( آن االوان‬awān) the time has
come: ‫ آن له ان‬it’s time for him to ...
‫ آن‬see ‫اون‬
‫ اين‬aina where? (= at or to what place?)│ ‫من‬
‫ اين‬min aina where … from? ‫ الى اين‬where?
(= to what place?) ‫ اين نحن من‬how far we
still are from … worlds separate us
from ... (fig.); ‫ اين ھذا من ذاك‬what is this
compared with that! 37
‫ االين‬al-ainu the where; space (philos.)
‫ اينما‬ainamā wherever
‫ ايان‬ayyāna when? (conj.) when
2
‫اين‬II to ionize (‫ ھـ‬s.th.) V to be ionized (el.)
 ‫ ايون‬iyōn pl. -āt ion
‫ تأيين‬ta’yīn ionization
‫ متأين‬muta’ayyin ionized
‫ ايه‬īhi, īha, īhin (interj.) well! now then! All
right!
‫ ايھا‬ayyuhā, with fem. also ‫ ايتھا‬ayyatuhā
(vocative particle) O ... !
‫ ايوب‬ayyūb2 Job
‫ االيوبيون‬al-ayyūbīyūn the Ayubites
‫ ايوم‬aiwam2 see ‫يوم‬
1 ‫ بابور‬bābūr pl. -āt, ‫ بوابير‬bawābīr2 (=‫)وابور‬
‫ايون‬see 2‫اين‬
2
‫ ايوان‬īwān pl. -āt recess-like sitting room with
a raised floor, usually opening on the main
room or courtyard through an arcade;
estrade
‫ب‬
1
‫ ب‬abbreviation of ‫ باب‬chapter
1
‫ ب‬bi (prep.) in, at, on (place and time); with
(indicating connection, association,
attendance); with, through, by means of
(designating instrumentality or agency,
also with pass. = by); for (= at the price
of); by (= to the amount of); by
(introducing an oath)│‫ بالليل‬bi-l-lail at (by)
night, ‫ بالنھار‬bi-n-nahār during the
daytime, by day; ‫ شماال بشرق‬šamālan bi-
šarqin northeast; ‫ فبھا ونعمت‬fa-bihā wa-
ni’mat in that case it’s all right; ‫ ليس بي ان‬it
is not my intention to ... ; ‫ ھذا بذاك‬hādā bi-
dāka now we are even, we are quits; ‫قبل‬
‫( مجيئه بساعة‬majī’ihī) an hour before his
arrival; ‫“ ب‬with” frequently gives
causative meaning to a verb, e.g., ‫نھض‬
‫( بشيء‬lit.: to rise with s.t‫ا‬., i.e.) to boost,
further, promote s.th.; ‫ بلغ به الى‬to cause
s.o. to arrive at, lead s.o. to; for its use as
copula after negations, etc., see grammar;
‫ بال‬bi-lā without; ‫ بما ان‬bi-mā anna in view
of the fact that; since, as, inasmuch as,
because; ‫ بما فيه‬bi-mā fīhi including
‫ باء‬bā’ name of the letter ‫ب‬
‫ بابا‬bābā pl. ‫ بابوات‬bābawāt, ‫ باباوات‬pope; papa,
father, daddy
‫ بابوى‬bābawī, ‫ باباوى‬papal
‫ بابوية‬bābawīya papacy
1
‫بأبأ‬ba’ba’a to say “papa” (child)
2
‫ بؤبؤ‬bu’bu’ root, source, origin; core, heart,
inmost part; pupil of the eye, also ‫بؤبؤ لعين‬
b. al-‘ain
‫ بابل‬bābil2 Babel, Babylon
‫ بابلى‬bābilī Babylonian
‫ بابه‬bābih the second month of the Coptic
calendar
‫ بابوج‬bābūj pl. ‫ بوابج‬bawābij2 slipper
locomotive, engine; steamship, steamer
‫ بابونج‬bābūnaj camomile (bot.)
‫ باتسته‬bati.ta batiste
‫ باثولوجى‬batōlōjī pathologic(al)
‫ باثولوجيا‬batōlōjiyā pathology
‫ باذنجان‬bādijān and ‫ بيذنجان‬baidinjān (coll.; n.
un. ‫ ة‬pl. -āt eggplant, aubergine 38
1
‫ بار‬bār pl. -āt bar; taproom
2
‫ بأر‬ba’ara a to dig a well
‫ بئر‬bi'r f., pl. ‫ آبار‬ābār, ‫ بئار‬bi’ār well,
spring
‫ بؤرة‬bu’ra pl. ‫ بؤر‬bu’ar center, seat
(fig.); site; pit; abyss
‫( باراشوت‬Fr. parachute) bārāšūt parachute
‫ باراغواى‬bārāguwāy Paraguay
‫ باربوني‬see ‫بربونى‬
‫( باركيه‬Fr.) barkēh parquet, parquetry floor
‫ بارنامج‬see ‫برنامج‬
‫ بارة‬bāra pl. -āt para (coin)
‫ بارود‬bārūd saltpeter; gunpowder
‫ بارودة‬bārūda pl. ‫ بواريد‬bawārīd2 rifle,
carbine
‫ باريس‬bārīs2 Paris
‫ باريسى‬bārīsī Parisian
‫ باز‬bāz pl. ‫ بيزان‬bīzān and ‫ بأز‬ba’z pl. ‫بؤوز‬
bu’ūz, ‫ بئزان‬bi’zān falcon
‫ بازار‬bāzār pl. –āt bazaar
‫ بازلت‬bāzalt basalt
‫ بازوبند‬bāzūband bracelet

‫ بؤس‬ba’usa u (‫ بأس‬ba’s) to be strong, brave,
intrepid; -- ‫ بئس‬ba’isa a (‫ بؤس‬bu’s) to be
miserable, wretched VI to feign misery or
distress VIII to be sad, worried, grieved
‫ بئس الرجل‬bi’sa r-rajulu what an evil
man!
‫ بأس‬ba’s strength, fortitude, courage,
intrepidity (as verbal noun of ‫بؤس‬
ba’usa); harm, hurt, injury, impairment,
detriment, wrong│ ‫شديد البأس‬courageous,
brave, intrepid; ‫( ال بأس‬ba’sa) there is no
objection to it; unobjectionable; not bad,
rather important, considerable, e.g., ‫كميات‬
‫( ال بأس بھا‬kammīyāt) considerable
quantities; ‫( ال بأس‬ba'sa) never mind! it
doesn't matter! it's all right! ‫ ال بأس ان‬it
doesn't matter that ... ; ‫ اى بأس؟‬ayyu
ba'sin? what does it matter! what of it! ‫ليس‬
‫( عليه بأس من‬ba’sun) he will be none the
worse for ... ; ‫( ال بأس عليك‬ba’sa) it won't do
you any harm! don't worry! don't be afraid
‫ بنات بئس‬banātu bi's calamities,
adversities, misfortunes
‫ بئس‬bu’s, ‫ بأساء‬ba’sā’, ‫ بؤس‬bu’ūs and
‫ بؤسى‬bu’sā pl. ‫ ابؤس‬ab’us misery,
wretchedness, suffering, distress
‫ بئيس‬ba’īs pl. ‫ بؤساء‬bu’asā’2 miserable,
wretched
‫ بائس‬bā’is miserable, wretched
‫( باستيل‬Fr.) bastē1 pastel
‫ باسل‬bāsīl bacilli
‫ باش‬bāš senior, chief (in compounds)
‫ باشجاويش‬bašcāwīš and ‫ باشجاويش‬approx.:
master sergeant (formerly, Eg.)
‫ باشحكيم‬bāšḥakīm physician-in-chief
‫ باشريش‬bāšrayyis a naval rank, approx.:
petty officer 3rd class (Eg.)
‫ باشكاتب‬bāškātib chief clerk
‫ باشمفتى‬bāšmuftī chief mufti (Tun.)
‫ باشمفتش‬bāamšmufattiš chief inspector
‫ باشمھندس‬bāšmuhandis chief engineer
‫ باشا‬bāšā pl. ‫ باشوات‬bāšawāt (‫ )باشاوات‬pasha
‫ باشق‬bāšaq, bāšiq pl. ‫ بواشق‬bawāšiq2 sparrow
hawk
‫ الباشقرد‬al-bāšqird the Bashkirs
‫ باشكير‬see ‫بشكير‬
‫( باص‬Engl.) bāṣ pl. -āt bus, autobus
‫ باطون‬bātūn concrete, béton 39
‫ باغة‬bāgā celluloid; tortoise shell
‫ الباكستان‬al-bākistān Pakistan
‫ باكستانى‬bākistānī Pakistani (adj. and n.)
1
‫ بال‬bāl whale (zool.)
2
‫ بالة‬bala pl. -āt bundle, bale
‫ بالطو‬balṯō pl. ‫ بالطوات‬balṯowāt, ‫ بالطي‬balātī
overcoat; paletot
‫( بالو‬It. ballo ball, dance
‫ بالون‬bālūn) balloon
‫ جزر الباليار‬juzur al-bāliyār the Balearic Islands
‫( باليه‬Fr.) bālēh ballet
‫ باميا‬and ‫ بامية‬bāmiya gumbo, okra (Hibiscus
esculentus L., bot., a popular vegetable in
Egypt)
‫ بان‬see ‫بون‬
‫ شاشة بانورامية‬šāša bānōrāmīya (= Fr. écran
panoramique) cinemascope screen
‫ بؤونة‬ba’ūna the tenth month of the Coptic
calendar
‫ باى‬bāy, f. ‫ باية‬bāya pl. -āt formerly, in Tunisia,
a title after the names of the members of
the Bey's family
‫ دار الباى‬dār al-bāy (formerly) the
Tunisian government
‫ ببر‬babr pl. ‫ ببور‬bubūr tiger
‫ ببغاء‬babgā2 (and babbayā’2) pl. ‫ببغاوات‬
babgāwāt parrot
‫ بت‬batta u i (batt) to cut off, sever (‫ ھـ‬s.th.); to
complete, finish, achieve, accomplish,
carry out (‫ ھـ‬s.th.); to fix, settle, determine
(‫ ھـ‬s.th.), decide (‫ ھـ‬s.th., ‫ فى‬on s.th.) II to
adjudge, adjudicate, award (‫ ھـ‬s.th.) VII to
be cut off; to be finished, be done; to be
decided│‫ قد انبت االمر بينه وبينھم‬it's all over
between him and them, they are through
with each other
‫ بت‬batt settlement, decision; ‫ بتا‬battan
definitely, once and for all
‫ بتة‬batta pl. -āt adjudication, award;
final decision; ‫ البتة‬al-battata and ‫بتة‬
battatan definitely, positively, decidedly,
esp. with negations: absolutely not,
definitely not
‫ بتى‬battī definite, definitive
‫ بتية‬battiya, bittīya pl. ‫ بتاتى‬batātīy barrel;
tub
 ‫ بتاتا‬batātan decidedly, definitely,
positively, categorically, unquestionably,
absolutely
‫ تبتيت‬tabtīt adjudication, award
‫ بات‬bātt definite, definitive│‫منع بات‬
(man‘) categorical interdiction
1
‫ بتر‬batara u (batr) to cut off, sever (‫ ھـ‬s.th.);
to amputate (‫ ھـ‬s.th.); to mutilate, render
fragmentarily (‫ ھـ‬a text) VII to be cut off,
be severed, be amputated
‫ بتر‬batr cutting off, severance,
separation; amputation
‫ ابتر‬abtar2 curtailed, docked, clipped,
trimmed; imperfect, defective,
incomplete; without offspring
‫ بتار‬battār cutting, sharp
‫ باتر‬bātir cutting, sharp
‫ مبتور‬mabtūr broken, abrupt,
unconnected; fragmentary, incomplete
2 2 2
‫ بتراء‬bitrā’ , batrā’ Petra (ancient city of
Edomites and Nabataeans; ruins now in
SW Jordan)
‫ بترك‬batrak patriarch
‫ بترول‬batrūl, bitrōl petroleum
2 2
‫ ابتع‬abta‘ an assonant intensifier of ‫ اجمع‬ajma‘
all, altogether, whole, entire
‫ باتع‬bāti‘ strong; full, whole, entire 40
‫ بتك‬II to cut off (‫ ھـ‬s.th.)
1
‫ بتل‬batala i u (batl) and II to cut off, sever (‫ھـ‬
s.th.); to make final, close, settle, make
conclusive, clinch (‫ ھـ‬s.th.) V to retire
from the world and devote one's life to
God (‫ ;)الى ﷲ‬to be pious, chaste and self-
denying; to live in chastity VII to be cut
off, be curtailed, be docked
‫ بتول‬batūl virgin; ‫ البتول‬the Virgin Mary
‫ بتولي‬batūlī virginal
‫ بتولية‬batūlīya virginity
‫ متبتل‬mutabattil an ascetic, a. recluse; a
pious, godly man
2
‫ بتوال‬batūlā birch tree
‫ بث‬batta (batt) to spread, unroll, unfold (‫ھـ‬
s.th., e.g., a rug); to scatter, disperse (‫ھـ‬
s.th.); to disseminate, propagate, spread (‫ھـ‬
s.th., e.g., a spirit, an ideology, a
doctrine); to sprinkle (‫ ھـ ھـ‬s.th. on); to let
s.o. (‫ه‬, also ‫ )ل‬in on s.th. (‫ھـ‬, esp. on a
secret); to broadcast, transmit by radio │
‫ بث العيون‬to peer around; ‫ بث األلغام‬to plant,
or lay, mines IV to let (‫ ه‬s.o.) in on a
secret (‫ )ھـ‬VII to be spread; to be scattered
‫ بث‬batta spreading, dissemina.tion,
propagation; grief, sorrow
‫ بثر‬batara i (batira a) and V to break out with
pimples or pustules (skin)
‫ بثر‬batr pl. ‫ بثور‬butūr (n. un. ‫ بثرة‬batra
pl. batarāt) pimples, pustules
‫ بثر‬batir, ‫ بثير‬batīr pustulate, pimpled
‫ بثق‬bataqa i u (with ‫ النھر‬an-nahra) to open
flood gates so that the river will overflow
its banks VII to break forth, burst out, well
out, pour out, gush out; to emanate,
proceed, spring (‫ من‬or ‫ عن‬from)
‫ انبثاق‬outpouring, effusion, outpour, outburst;
emanation
‫ بجح‬bajiḥa a (bajaḥ) to rejoice (‫ ب‬at) V to
vaunt, flaunt (‫ ب‬s.th.), boast, brag (‫ ب‬of)
‫ تبجح‬tabajjuj bragging, braggery
‫ متبجح‬mutabajjij braggart
‫ بجدة‬bajda, bujda root, source. heart, essence,
basis│‫ بجدة األمر‬the heart of the matter, the
actual state of affairs, the true facts; ‫ھو ابن‬
‫( بجدتھا‬ibn bujdatihā) he knows the job
from the ground up, he is the right man for
it
‫ ابجر‬abiar2 obese, corpulent
‫ بجس‬bajasa u i (bajs) and II to open a passage
(for the water), cause (the water) to flow
V and VII to flow freely, pour forth
copiously, gush out
‫ بجس‬bajs, ‫ بجيس‬bajīs flowing freely,
streaming
‫ بجع‬baja‘ (n. un. ‫ )ة‬pelican
‫ بجل‬II to honor, revere, venerate, treat with
deference (‫ ه‬s.o.), show respect (‫ ھـ‬to s.o.);
to give precedence (‫ على ھـ‬or ‫ ه‬to s.o. or
s.th. over) V to be honored, be revered, be
venerated
‫ بجل‬bajal syphilis (ir.)
 ‫ تبجيل‬tabjīl veneration, reverence;
deference, respect
‫ مبجل‬mubajjal revered, respected;
venerable
‫ بجم‬bajama i (bajm, ‫ بجوم‬bujūm) to be
speechless, dumfounded
‫ بجن‬II to clinch (‫ ھـ‬a nail)
‫ بح‬baḥḥa a (baḥḥ, ‫ بحح‬baḥaḥ, ‫ بحوح‬buḥūḥ, ‫بحاح‬
baḥāḥ, ‫ بحوحة‬buḥūḥa, ‫ بحاحة‬baḥāḥa) to be
or become hoarse, be raucous, husky,
harsh (voice) II and IV to make hoarse (‫ه‬
s.o.)
‫ بحة‬buḥḥa hoarseness
‫ بحثر‬baḥtara waste, dissipation
‫ ابح‬abaḥḥ2 hoarse
‫ مبحثر‬mubaḥtir squanderer, wastrel, spendthrift
‫ مبحوح‬mabḥūḥ hoarse 41
1
‫ بحبح‬II tabaḥbaḥa to be prosperous, live in
easy circumstances; to enjoy o.s. have a
1
good time
‫ بحبوح‬baḥbūḥ gay, merry
‫ بحبوحة‬buḥbūḥa middle; life of ease and
comfort, prosperity, affluence│ ‫في بحبوحة‬
amidst
‫ مبحبح‬mubaḥbaḥ well-to-do, prosperous;
enjoying an easy, comfortable life
‫ بحت‬baḥt pure, unmixed, sheer; exclusive, also
‫ بحت األمر; بحتا‬baḥan merely, solely,
purely, exclusively, nothing but ...
‫ بحتر‬buḥtur stocky, pudgy, thickset
‫ بحتري‬buḥturī stocky, pudgy, thickset
‫ بحث‬baḥata a (baḥt) to look, search (‫ ھـ‬or ‫عن‬
for s.th.), seek (‫ ھـ‬or ‫ عن‬s.th.); to do
research; to investigate, examine, study,
explore (‫ ھـ‬or ‫ عن‬s.th., less frequently with
‫ في‬or ‫)على‬, look into (‫ ھـ‬or ‫ ;)عن‬to discuss (
‫ ھـ‬a subject, a question) III to discuss (‫ه‬
with s.o., ‫ في‬a question) VI to have a
discussion, discuss together; to confer,
have a talk (‫ مع‬with s.o., ‫ في‬about)
‫ بحث‬baḥt pl. ‫ بحوث‬buḥūt, ‫ ابحاث‬،‫ بحوثات‬abḥāt
search (‫ عن‬for), quest (‫ عن‬of);
examination, study; research;
investigation, exploration; discussion;
treatise; (pl. ‫ )ابحاث‬study, scientific report (
‫ في‬on)
‫ بحاث‬baḥḥāt scholar, research worker
‫ بحاثة‬baḥḥāta eminent scholar
‫ مبحث‬mabḥāt pl. ‫ مباحث‬mabāḥit subject,
theme, field of investigation or discussion,
object of research; research, study,
examination; investigation
‫ مباحثة‬mubāḥata pl. -āt negotiation,
parley, conference, talk, discussion
‫ باحث‬bāḥit pl. -ūn and ‫ بحاث‬buḥḥāt
scholar, research worker; examiner,
investigator
‫ بحثر‬baḥtara to disperse, scatter (‫ ھـ‬s.th.); to
waste, squander, dissipate (‫ ھـ‬s.th.) II
tabaḥtara pass. of I
‫ بحر‬baḥira a to be startled, be bewildered
(with fright)
‫ بحر‬II to travel by sea, make a voyage IV do.;
to embark, go on board; to put to sea, set
sail, sail, depart (ship); to go downstream,
be sea-bound (ship on the Nile) V to
penetrate deeply, delve (‫ في‬into); to study
thoroughly (‫ في‬a subject) X = V
‫ بحر‬baḥr pl. ‫ بحار‬biḥār, ‫بحور‬, buḥūr, ‫ابحار‬
abḥār, ‫ ابحر‬abḥur sea; large river; a noble.,
or great, man (whose magnanimity or
knowledge is comparable to the vastness
of the sea); meter (poet.) │ ‫ في بحر‬in the
course of, during, ‫( في بحر سنتين‬sanatain) in
the course of two years, within two years;
‫( البحر األبيض المتوسط‬abyaḍ, mutawassiṯ) the
Mediterranean (sometimes shortened to
‫ البحر األبيض(; بحر البلطيق‬b. al-balṯīq the
Baltic Sea; ‫ بحر الجنوب‬b. al-janūb the South
Seas; ‫ البحر األحمر‬the Red Sea (also ‫بحر القلزم‬
b. al-qulzum); ‫ بحر القزر‬b. al-ḳazar the
Caspian Sea (also ‫البحر الكسبياتي(؛ بحر الروم‬
b. ar-rūm the Mediterranean; ‫البحر األسود‬
(aswad) the Black Sea; ‫ بحر الظلمات‬b. aẓ-
ẓulumāt the ‫ھـ‬tlantic; ‫ بحر لوط‬b. lūṯ and ‫البحر‬
‫( الميت‬mayyit) the Dead Sea; ‫( بحر النيل‬eg.)
the Nile
‫ البحرين‬al-baḥrain the Bahrein Islands
‫ بحراني‬baḥrānī of the Bahrein Islands;
‫ البحارنة‬al-baḥārina the inhabitants of the
Bahrein Islands
‫ بحري‬baḥrī sea (adj.), marine; maritime;
nautical; naval; navigational; (in Eg.)
 northern, baḥrīya (with foll. genit.) north
42 of; (pl. -ūn, ‫ )ة‬sailor, seaman, mariner│
‫ بحري ماھر‬approx.: seaman apprentice
(Eg.); ‫( القوات البحرية‬qūwāt) the naval
forces; ‫( نباتات بحرية‬nabātāt) marine flora,
water plants
‫ بحرية‬baḥrīya navy
‫ بحرة‬baḥra pond, pool
‫ بحار‬baḥḥār pl. -ūn, ‫ بحارة‬baḥḥāra
seaman, mariner, sailor; pl. ‫ بحارة‬crew (of a
ship, of an airplane)
‫ بحيرة‬buḥaira pl. -āt, ‫ بحائر‬baḥā’ir2 lake;
(tun.)'vegetable garden, truck garden
‫ بحران‬buḥrān crisis (of an illness);
climax, culmination (also, e.g., of ecstasy)
‫ تبحر‬tabaḥḥur deep penetration, delving
(‫ في‬into a subject), thorough study (‫ في‬of)
‫ متبحر‬mutabaḥḥir thoroughly familiar (
‫ في‬with); profound, erudite, searching,
penetrating
‫ بحلق‬baḥlaqa: ‫‘( بحلق عينيه‬ainaihi) to stare, gaze
(‫ في‬at)
1
‫ بخ بخ‬baḳ baḳ excellent! well done! Bravo!
2
‫ بخ‬baḳḳa u (baḳḳ) to snore; to spout, spurt,
squirt (‫ ھـ‬s.th.); to sprinkle, splatter (‫ب ھـ‬
s.th. with)
‫ بخاخة‬baḳḳāḳa nozzle
‫ بخيخة‬buḳḳēḳa squirt, syringe
‫ مبخة‬mibaḳḳa nozzle
‫ بخت‬baḳt luck; a kind of lottery│ ‫قليل البخت‬
unIucky; ‫ سوء البخت‬bad luck
‫ بخيت‬baḳīt lucky, fortunate
‫ مبخوت‬mabḳūt lucky, fortunate
‫ بختر‬II tabaḳtara to strut, prance
‫ بخر‬II to vaporize, evaporate (‫ ھـ‬s.th.); to
fumigate (‫ ھـ‬s.th.); to disinfect (‫ ھـ‬s.th.); to
perfume with incense, expose to aromatic
smoke (‫ ھـ‬s.th.) V to evaporate (water); to
volatilize, tum into smoke or haze; to
perfume 0.8., or be perfumed, with incense
‫ بخار‬buḳār pl. -āt, ‫ ابخرة‬abḳira vapor,
fume; steam
‫ بخاري‬buḳārī steam (adj.), steam-driven
‫ بخور‬baḳūr incense; frankincense│ ‫بخور‬
‫ مريم‬b. maryam cyclamen (bot.)
‫ ابخر‬abḳar2 suffering from halitosis
‫ مبخرة‬mabḳara pl. ‫ مباخر‬mabāḳir2 (also
-āt) censer; thurible; fumigator
‫ تبخير‬tabḳīr fumigation
‫ تبخر‬tabaḳḳur evaporation, vaporization
‫ باخرة‬balfira pl. ‫ بواخر‬bawāḳir2 steamer,
steamship
‫ بويخرة‬buwaiḳira small steamboat
‫ بخس‬baḳasa a (baks) to decrease, diminish,
reduce (‫ ھـ‬s.th.); to lessen (e.g., ‫قيمته‬
qīmatahū the value of s.th.); to disregard,
neglect, fail to heed (‫ ھـ‬s.th.)
‫ بخس‬baḳs too little, too low; very low
(price)
‫ باخس‬baḳis small, little, trifling,
unimportant
‫ بخشيش‬baḳšīš pl. ‫ بخاشيش‬baḳāšīš 2 tip, gratuity
‫ بخع‬baḳa‘a a (baḳ‘) with ‫ نفسه‬: to kill o.s. (with
grief, anger, rage)
‫ ابخق‬abḳaq2 f. ‫ بخقاء‬baḳqā’2 one-eyed
‫ بخل‬baḳila a (baḳal), baḳula u (buḳl) to be
niggardly, be stingy (‫ ب‬with s.th., ‫ عن‬or
‫ على‬with regard to s.o.), scrimp (‫ على‬,‫عن‬
s.o., ‫ ب‬for), stint (‫ ب‬in, ‫ عن‬or ‫ على‬s.o.),
withhold (‫ على‬,‫ عن‬from s.o., ‫ ب‬s.th.) VI to
give reluctantly, grudgingly (‫ على‬,‫ عن‬to
s.o., y s.th.)
‫ بخل‬buḳl avarice, cupidity, greed 43
‫ بخيل‬baḳīl pl. ‫ بخالء‬avaricious, greedy;
miser, skinflint
‫ مبخلة‬mabḳala cause of avarice, that
which arouses avarice or greed
‫ بخنق‬buḳnuq pl. ‫ بخانق‬baḳāniq2 kerchief, veil
(to cover the head)
‫ ب‬badda u (budd) to distribute, spread,
disperse II to divide, distribute, spread,
scatter, disperse (‫• ھـ‬.th.); to remove,
eliminate (‫ ھـ‬s.th.); to waste, squander,
fritter away, dissipate (‫ ھـ‬s.th.) V pass. of
II; X to be independent, proceed
independently (‫ ب‬in, e.g., in one's opinion,
i.e., to be opinionated, obstinate, head-
strong); to possess alone monopolize (‫ھـ‬
 s.th.); to take possession (‫ ھـ‬of s.o.), seize,
grip, overwhelm, overcome (‫ ھـ‬s.o.; said
of a feeling, of an impulse); to dispose
arbitrarily, highhandedly (‫ ب‬of s.th.); to
rule despotically, tyrannically,
autocratically (‫ ب‬over)
‫ بد‬budd way out, escape│ ‫اذا لم يكن بد من‬
‫( ان‬buddun) if it is inevitable that ... ; ‫ال بد‬
(budda) definitely, certainly, inevitably,
without fail; by all means; ‫ ال بد من‬it is
necessary, inescapable, unavoidable,
inevitable, ‫ ال بد له منه‬he simply must do it,
he can't get around it; ‫ من كل بد‬min kulli
buddin in any case, at any rate
‫ اباديد‬abādīd 2 (pl.) scattered
‫ تبديد‬tabdīd scattering, dispersal,
dispersion; removal, elimination; waste,
dissipation
‫ استبداد‬istibdād arbitrariness, high-
handedness; despotism; autocracy;
absolutism
‫ استبدادي‬istibdādī arbitrary, highhanded,
autocratic, despotic; ‫ استبداديات‬istibdādīyāt
arbitrary acts
‫ مبدد‬mubaddid scatterer, disperser;
squanderer, wastrel, spendthrift
‫ مستبد‬mustabidd arbitrary, highhanded,
autocratic, tyrannical, despotic; autocrat,
tyrant, despot│‫( مستبد برأيه‬bira’yihī)
opinionated, obstinate, headstrong
‫ بدأ‬bada’a a (‫ بدأ‬bad’) to begin, start (‫ ب‬or ‫في‬
with s.th., ‫ ھـ‬s.th.; ‫ ه‬with s.o.; with foll.
imperf.: to do s.th. or doing s.th.
respectively); to set in, begin, start, arise,
spring up, crop up II to put (‫ ھـ‬s.th., ‫على‬
before s.th. else), give precedence or
priority (‫ ھـ‬to s.th., ‫ على‬over s.th. else) III
to begin, start (‫ ب‬s.th., ‫ ه‬with regard to
s.o.), make the first step, take the initiative
or lead (‫ ب‬in s.th., ‫ ه‬toward s.o.) e.g., ‫بادأه‬
‫( بالكالم‬kalām) to accost s.o., speak first to
s.o. IV to do or produce first (‫ ھـ‬s.th.).
bring out (‫ ھـ‬s.th. new)│ ‫ما يبدئ وما يعيد‬mā
yubdi’u wa-mā yu‘īd he can't think of a
blessed thing to say; ‫ يبدئ ويعيد‬he says or
does everything conceivable VIII to begin,
start (‫ ب‬with s.th.)
1
‫ بدء‬bad’ beginning, start│‫ منذ البدء‬from
the (very) beginning; ‫‘( فعله عودا وبدءا‬audan
wa-bad’an) ‫‘( عوده على بدئه‬audahū ‘alā
bad’ihī) or ‫( عودا الى بدء‬ilā bad’in) he did it
all over again, he began anew
‫ بدأة‬bad’a, ‫ بديئة‬badī’a, ‫ بداية‬bidāya
beginning, start│‫ في بداية األمر‬in the
beginning, at first
‫ بداءة‬badā’a beginning, start; first step,
first instance│ ‫ بداءة بدء‬badā’ata bad’in
right at the outset, at the very beginning
‫ بدائي‬budā’ī primitive
‫ مبدأ‬mabda' pl. ‫ مبادئ‬mabādi’2
beginning, start, starting point; basis,
foundation; principle; invention; pl.
principles, convictions (of a person);
ideology; rudiments. fundamental
concepts, elements│ ‫كتب المبادئ‬kutub al-m.
elementary books 44
‫ مبدئي‬mabda’ī original, initial;
fundamental, basic; ‫ مبدئيا‬mabda’īyan
originally; in principle
‫ ابتدائي‬ibtidā’ī beginning, start; novitiate
(Chr.)│ ‫ ابتداء من‬ibtidā’an min from,
beginning ... , as of (with foll. date)
‫ ابتدائي‬ibtidā’ī initial; preparatory,
elementary, primary; of first instance
(jur.); original, primitive│‫محكمة ابتدائية‬
(maḥkama) court of first instance; ‫التعليم‬
‫ االبتدائى‬elementary education; ‫مدرسة ابتدائية‬
(madrasa) lower grades of a high school,
approx.: junior high school (as
distinguished from ‫ثانوية(؛ شھادة ابتدائية‬
(šahāda) approx.: junior high school
graduation certificate
‫ بادئ‬bādi’ beginning, starting│ ‫بادئ األمر‬
badi'a l-amr and ‫ في بادئ األمر‬in the
beginning, at first; ‫ في بادئ الرأي‬right away,
without thinking twice, unhesitatingly;
‫ بادئ ذي بدء‬badi’a dī bad’in above all, first
of all, in the first place, primarily; ‫البادئ‬
‫ ذكره‬al-badi’u dikruhu (the person or
thing) mentioned at the outset, the first-
mentioned
‫ مبتدئ‬mubtadi’ beginning; beginner;
novice (Chr.)
‫ مبتدأ‬mubtada' beginning, start; (gram.)
subject of 8 nominal clause
‫ بدر‬badara u to come unexpectedly, by
surprise; to escape (‫ من‬s.o.; e.g., words in
excitement) III to come to s.o.’s (‫ )ه‬mind,
 occur to s.o. (t) all of a sudden, strike s.o.
(idea, notion); to embark, enter (‫ الى‬upon
s.th.) or set out (‫ الى‬to do s.th.) without
delay; to rush, hurry (‫ الى‬to s.o., to a
place); to hurry up (", with s.th.), ‫بادر الى‬
with foll. verbal noun: to do s.th.
promptly, without delay, hasten to do
s.th.; to fall upon s.o (‫ )ه‬with (‫)ب‬, accost,
assail, surprise (‫ ب ه‬s.o. with s.th.; e.g.,
‫ بادره بكالم غليظ‬to snap rudely at s.o.); to
react, respond (‫ الى‬to s.th.)│ ‫بادر الى انجاز‬
‫( الوعد‬injāzi l-wa‘d) to set out to fulfill a
promise VI ‫( تبادر الى الذھن‬dihn) to suggest
itself strongly, be obvious; to appear at
first glance as if (‫أن(؛ تبادر الى ذھني أن‬
(dihnī) it occurred to me all of a sudden
that ... ; ‫( تبادر الى الفھم‬fahm) to be
immediately understood VIII to hurry,
rush, hasten (‫ ھـ‬to); to get ahead of s.o. (‫)ه‬,
anticipate, forestall (‫ ه‬s.o.)│‫ابتدرھا قائال‬
before she could say a word he
exclaimed ...
‫ بدر‬badr, pl. ‫ بدور‬budūr full moon
‫ بدرة‬badra pl. badarāt, ‫ بدار‬bidār huge
amount of money (formerly = 10,000
dirhams)│‫ بدرات األموال‬enormous sums of
money
‫ بدار‬badārī hurry! quick!
‫ مبادرة‬mubādara undertaking, enterprise
‫ بادرة‬bādira pl. ‫ بوادر‬bawadir2 herald,
harbinger, precursor, forerunner, first
indication, sign; unforeseen act; stirring,
impulse, fit (e.g., of rage); blunder,
mistake; ‫ بوادر‬stirrings, impulses│‫بادرة خير‬
b. ḳairin a good, or generous, impulse
2
‫ بيدر‬baidar pl. ‫ بيادر‬bayādir 2 threshing floor
‫ بدروم‬and ‫( بدرون‬Turk. bodrum) badrūm,
badrūn pl. -āt basement
‫ بدع‬bada‘a a (bad‘) to introduce, originate,
start, do for the first time (‫ ھـ‬s.th.), be the
first to do s.th. (‫ ;)ھـ‬to devise, contrive,
invent (‫ ھـ‬s.th.) II to accuse of heresy (‫ه‬
s.o.) IV = I; to create (‫ ھـ‬s.th.); to achieve
unique, excellent results (‫ في‬in); to be
amazing, outstanding (‫ في‬in s.th.) VIII to
invent, contrive, devise, think up (‫ ھـ‬s.th.)
X to regard as novel, as unprecedented (‫ھـ‬
s.th.)
‫ بدع‬bad‘ innovation, novelty; creation│
‫ بدعا وعودا‬bad‘an wa-‘audan repeatedly 45
‫ بدع‬bid‘ pl. ‫ ابداع‬abdā‘ innovator; new,
original; unprecedented, novel│‫ ال بدع‬lā
bid‘a no wonder! ‫ ال بدع ان‬lā bid‘a an no
wonder that ... ; ‫ بدع من‬s.th. else than;
unlike, different from
‫ بدعة‬bid‘a pl. ‫ بدع‬bida‘ innovation.
novelty; heretical doctrine, heresy; pl.
creations (of fashion, of art)│ ‫ اھل البدع‬ahl
al-b. heretics
‫ بديع‬badi', ‫ بدع‬bud‘ unprecedented,
marvelous, wonderful, amazing,
admirable, singular, unique; creator│ ‫علم‬
‫‘ البديع‬ilm al-b. the art or science of
metaphors and (in general) of good style
‫ بديعة‬badī‘a pl. ‫ بدائع‬badā’i‘2 an
astonishing, amazing thing, a marvel, a
wonder; original creation
‫ بديعي‬badī‘ī rhetorical
‫ ابدع‬abda‘2 more amazing, more
exceptional; of even greater originality
‫ ابداع‬ibdā‘ creation, fashioning, shaping;
a marvelous, unique achievement;
uniqueness, singularity, originality;
creative ability
O ‫ ابداعي‬ibdā‘ī romantic (lit.)
O ‫ ابداعية‬ibdā‘īya romanticism (lit.)
‫ مبدع‬mubdi‘ producing, creating;
creative; creator; exceptional, unique,
outstanding (in an achievement, esp. of an
artist)
‫ مبتدع‬mubtadi‘ innovator; creator; heretic
‫ بيدق‬look up alphabetically
‫ بدل‬badala u to replace (‫ ب ھـ‬s.th. by),
exchange (‫ ب ھـ‬s.th. for) II to change, alter
(‫ ھـ ھـ‬s.th. to), convert (‫ ھـ ھـ‬s.th. into); to
substitute (‫ ھـ‬for s.th., ‫ ب‬or ‫ من‬s.th.),
exchange, give in exchange (‫ ھـ‬s.th., ‫ ب‬or
‫ من‬for); to change (‫ ھـ‬s.th.) III to exchange
(‫ ھـ ه‬with s.o. s.th.) IV to replace (‫ ب ھـ‬s.th.
by), exchange (‫ ب ھـ‬for s.th. s.th. else); to
compensate (‫ ھـ ب ه‬s.o. for s.th. with s.th.
else), give s.o. (‫ )ه‬s. th. (‫ )ھـ‬in exchange
for (‫ )ب‬V to change; to be exchanged VI
to exchange (‫ ھـ‬s.th., also words, views,
greetings) X to exchange, receive in
exchange, trade, barter (‫ ب ھـ‬and ‫ ھـ ب‬s.th.
for); to replace (‫ ھـ ب‬and ‫ ھـ ب‬s.th. by),
substitute (‫ ب ھـ‬and ‫ ھـ ب‬for s.th. s.th. else)
‫ بدم‬badal pl. ‫ ابدال‬abdāl substitute,
alternate, replacement; equivalent.
compensation, setoff; reimbursement,
recompense, allowance; price. rate;
(gram.) appositional substantive standing
for another substantive│‫ بدل الجراية‬b. al-
jirāya allowance for food; ‫ بدل السفرية‬b. as-
safarīya travel allowance; ‫بدل االشتراك‬
subscription rate; ‫ بدل التمثيل‬expense
account, expense allowance
‫ بدل‬badala (prep.) inetead of, in place
of, in lieu of
‫ بدال من‬badalan min in place of, instead
of, in lieu of
‫ بدلة‬badla pl. badalāt, ‫ بدل‬bidal suit (of
clothes); costume│‫ بدلة الحمام‬b. al-
ḥammām bathing suit; ‫( بدلة رسمية‬rasmīya)
uniform; ‫( بدلة تشريفاتية‬tašrīfātīya) full-
dreas uniform
‫ بدلية‬badalīya compensation, smart
money
‫ بدال‬badāla (prep.) instead of, ‫بدال ما‬
(conj.) instead of (being, doing, etc.)
‫ بديل‬badīl pl. ‫ بدالء‬budalā’ 2 substitute,
alternate (‫ عن‬or ‫ من‬for); stand-in, double
(theat.); (f. ‫ )ة‬serving as a replacement or
substitute│ ‫( مفرزة بديلة‬mafraza) reserve
detachment (mil.)
‫ بدال‬baddāl grocer; money-changer
‫ بدالة‬baddāla culvert; pipeline; telephone
exchange, central
□ ‫ مبادل‬mabādil2 see ‫بدل‬
‫ تبديل‬tabdīl change, alteration 46
‫ مبادلة‬mubādala pl. -āt exchange│ ‫مبادالت‬
‫( تجارية‬tijārīya) commercial exchange,
trade relations
‫ ابدال‬ibdāl exchange, interchange,
replacement (‫ ب‬by), substitution (‫ ب‬of);
change; phonetic change
‫ تبدل‬tabaddul change, shift, turn;
transformation; transmutation, conversion
‫ تبادل‬tabādul (mutual) exchange│ ‫تبادل‬
‫ السالم‬t. as-salam exchange of greetings,
‫ تبادل الخواطر‬thought transference, telepathy
‫ استبدال‬istibdāl exchange, replacement,
substitution
‫ مبدل‬mubdil: ‫ مبدل االسطوانات‬m. al-
usṯuwānāt automatic record changer
‫ متبادل‬mutabādil mutual, reciprocal
‫ بدن‬baduna u and badana u to be fat, corpulent
‫ بدن‬badan pl. ‫ ابدان‬abdān, ‫ ابدن‬abdun
body, trunk, torso
‫ بدني‬badani bodily, corporal, physical,
somatic
‫ بدانة‬badāna corpulence, obesity
‫ بدين‬badīn pl. ‫ بدن‬budun stout, corpulent,
fat, obese
‫ بدونة‬budūna corpulence, obesity
‫ بادن‬bādin pl. ‫ بدن‬budn stout, corpulent,
fat, obese
‫ بده‬badaha a to come, descend suddenly
(‫ ه‬upon s.o.), befall unexpectedly (‫ ه‬s.o.);
to surprise (‫ ه‬s.o.) with s.th. (‫ )ب‬III to
appear suddenly, unexpectedly (‫ ب ه‬before
s.o. with s.th.) VIII to extemporize,
improvise, do offhand, on the spur of the
moment (‫ ھـ‬s.th.)
‫ بداھة‬badāha spontaneity, spontaneous
occurrence, impulse; simple, natural way,
naturalness, matter-of-factness; ‫بداھة‬
badāhatan and ‫ بالبداھة‬all by itself,
spontaneously
‫ بديھة‬badīha s.th. sudden or unexpected;
improvisation; impulse, inspiration,
spontaneous intuition; intuitive
understanding or insight, empathy,
instinctive grasp, perceptive faculty│‫على‬
‫ البداھية‬all by itself, spontaneously; offhand;
‫ حاضر البديھة‬quick-witted, quick at
repartee; ‫ بديھة حاضرة‬presence of mind
‫ بديھي‬badīhī and ‫ بدھي‬badahī intuitive,
self-evident, a priori (adj.)
‫ بديھية‬badīhīya pl. -āt an axiom, a
fundamental or self-evident truth; truism,
commonplace, platitude
‫ بدائه‬badii'ih' fundamental or selfevident
truths
(‫ بدو( بدا‬badā u to appear, show, become
evident, clear, plain or manifest, come to
light; to be obvious; to seem good,
 acceptable, proper (‫ ل‬to s.o.) III to shaw,
display, evince, manifest, reveal, declare
openly│‫‘( بادى بالعداوة‬adāwa) to show open
hostility IV to disclose, reveal, manifest,
show, display, evince (‫ ھـ‬s.th.), to
demonstrate, bring out, bring to light,
make visible (‫ ھـ‬s.th.); to express, utter,
voice (‫ ھـ‬s.th.)│ ‫( ابدى رأيه في‬ra'yahū) to
express one's opinion about; ‫ابدى رغبة‬
(ragbatan) to expreas a wish or desire V =
I, to live in the desert VI to pose as a
Bedouin
‫ بدو‬badw desert; nomads, Bedouins
‫ بدوي‬badawī Bedouin, nomadic; rural (as
distinguished from urban); a Bedouin
‫ بدوية‬badawīya pl. -āt Bedouin woman,
Bedouin girl
‫ بداة‬badaJl pl. ‫ بدوات‬badawāt whim,
caprice; ill-humor
‫ بداوة‬badāwa and bidāwa desert life,
Bedouin life; Bedouinism, nomadism 47
‫ بيداء‬baidā’2 desert, steppe, wilderness,
wild
‫ ابداء‬ibdā’ expression, manifestation,
declaration
‫ باد‬bādin apparent, evident, obvious,
plain, visible; inhabiting the desert; pl. ‫بداة‬
budāh Bedouins
‫ بادية‬bādiya desert, semidesert, steppe;
peasantry; (pl. ‫ بواد‬bawādin) nomads,
Bdouins
‫ بداية‬bidāya = ‫بداءة‬
‫ بذ‬badda u (badd) to get the better of (‫)ه‬, beat,
surpass (s.o.)
‫ بذ‬badd and bādd slovenly, untidy,
shabby, filthy, squalid
‫ بذاذة‬badāda slovenliness, untidiness,
shabbiness, dirtiness, filth
‫ بذأ‬bada’a a to revile, abuse (‫ على‬s.o.), rail (
‫ على‬at s.o.); -- ‫ بذئ‬badi’a a, ‫ بذؤ‬badu’a u to
be obscene, bawdy
‫ بذئ‬badī’ disgusting, loathsome,
nauseous, foul, dirty, obscene, bawdy,
ribald
‫ بذاء‬badā’ and ‫ بذاءة‬badā’a obscenity,
ribaldry, foulness (of language); disgust,
loathing, aversion, contempt
‫ بذخ‬badaḳa a to be haughty, proud
‫ بذخ‬badaḳ luxury, pomp, splendor;
haughtiness, pride
‫ باذخ‬bādiḳ pl. ‫ بواذخ‬bawādiḳ2 high, lofty;
proud, haughty
‫ بذر‬badara u (badr) to sow, disseminate (‫ھـ‬
s.th., seed, also fig. = to spread) II to
waste, squander, dissipate (‫ ھـ‬s.th.)
‫ بذر‬badr pl. ‫ بذور‬budūr, ‫ بذار‬bidār seeds,
seed; seedling; pl. ‫ بذور‬pips, pits, stones
(of fruit)
‫ بذرة‬badra (n. un.) a seed, a grain; pip,
pit, stone (of fruit); germ; (fig.) germ cell
(of a development, and the like)
‫ بذار‬bidār seedtime
‫ تبذير‬tabdīr waste, squandering,
dissipation
‫ مبذر‬mubaddir squanderer, wastrel,
spendthrift
‫ بيذق‬look up alphabetically
‫ بذل‬badala i u (badl) to give or spend freely,
generously (‫ ھـ‬s.th.); to sacrifice (‫ ھـ‬s.th.);
to expend (‫ ھـ‬s.th.); to offer, grant (‫ھـ‬
s.th.)│ ‫( بذل جھده‬jahdahū) to take pains; ‫بذل‬
‫ مجھودا‬do.; ‫( بذل كل مساعدة‬kulla
musā‘adatin) to grant every assistance; ‫بذل‬
‫ المساعى‬to make efforts; ‫ بذل الطاعة ل‬to obey
s.o., defer to s.o.; ‫( بذل كل غال‬kulla gālin)
and ‫ بذل الغالى والرخيص في سبيل‬to spare no
effort, go to any length, give everything,
pay any price for or in order to; ‫بذل ماء‬
‫( وجھه‬mā’a wajhihī) to sacrifice one's
honor; (‫ عن فالن‬or) ‫ بذل نفسه دون فالن‬to
sacrifice o.s. for s.o.; ‫( بذل وسعه‬wus‘ahū) to
do one’s utmost, do one’s best V to fritter
away one’s fortune, be over-generous; to
prostitute o.s. (woman); to display
common, vulgar manners VIII to wear out
in common service, make trite, vulgar,
commonplace, to hackney (‫ ھـ‬s.th.); to
abuse (‫ ھـ‬s.th.); to express o.s. in a vulgar
manner, use vulgar language; ‫ ابتذل نفسه‬to
degrade o.s. demean o.s., sacrifice one's
dignity
 ‫ بذل‬badl giving, spending; sacrifice,
surrender, abandonment; expenditure;
offering, granting
‫ بذلة‬badla suit (of clothes)
‫ مبذل‬mibdal pl. ‫ مباذل‬mabādil2 slipper; pl.
‫ مباذل‬casual clothing worn around home│
‫ فالن في مباذله‬so-and-so in his private life
‫ ابتذال‬ibtidāl triteners, commonness,
commonplaceness; banality; debasement,
degradation
‫ باذل‬bādil spender 48
‫ متبذل‬mutabaddil vulgar, common
‫ مبتذل‬mubtadal trite, hackneyed, banal,
common, vulgar; everyday, commonplace
(adj.)
2 of God)
‫ بر‬barra (1st pers. perf. barirtu, barartu) a I
(birr) to be reverent, dutiful, devoted; to
be kind (‫ ه‬or ‫ ب‬to s.o.); to be charitable,
beneficent, do good (‫ ب‬to s.o.); to obey (‫ه‬
s.o., esp. God); to treat with reverence, to
honor (‫ ب‬or ‫ ه‬the parents); to be honest,
truthful; to be true, valid (sworn
statement); to keep (‫ ب‬a promise, an oath)
II to warrant, justify, vindicate; to acquit,
absolve, exonerate, exculpate, clear (‫ ه‬،‫ھـ‬
s.o., s.th.)│ ‫( برر وجھه‬wajhahū) to justify
o.s. by IV to carry out, fulfill (‫ ھـ‬s.th., a
promise, an oath) V to justify o.s.; to be
justified
‫ بر‬birr reverence, piety; righteousness,
probity; godliness, devoutness; kindness;
charitable gift
‫ بر‬barr and ‫ بار‬bārr pl. ‫ ابرار‬abrār and
‫ بررة‬barara reverent, dutiful (‫ ب‬toward),
devoted (‫ ب‬to); pious, godly, upright,
righteous.; kind
‫ مبرة‬mabarra pl. -āt and ‫ مبار‬mabar2
good deed, act of charity, benefaction;
philanthropic organization; charitable
institution, home or hospital set up with
private funds
‫ تبرير‬tabrīr justification, vindication
‫ بار‬bārr reverent, faithful and devoted;
see also under ‫ بر‬barr above
‫ مبرور‬mabrūr (accepted into the grace of
the Lord, i.e.) blessed (said of a deceased
person)
‫ مبرر‬mubarrir pl. -āt justification;
excuse│‫( ال مبرر له‬mubarrira) unjustifiable
2
‫ بر‬barr land (as opposed to sea), terra firma,
mainland; open country; ‫ برا‬barran out,
outside│ ‫ برا وبحرا‬barran wa-baḥran by
land and sea
‫ برى‬barrī terrestrial, land (adj.); wild (of
plants and animals)│ ‫سيارة برية مائية‬
(sayyāra, mā’īya) amphibious vehicle
ā‫ برية‬barrīya pl. ‫ برارى‬barāarīy open
country, steppe, desert; see also 1 ‫برأ‬
‫ برانى‬barrānī outside, outer, exterior,
external; foreign, alien
‫ بر‬burr wheat
1
‫ برأ‬bara’a a (‫ برء‬bar’) to create (‫ ھـ‬s.th., said
‫ برء‬bar’ creation
‫ برية‬barīya pl. -āt, ‫ برايا‬barāyā creation
(= that which is created); creature; see
also 2 ‫بر‬.
‫~ البارى‬J~I aI-bari' the Creator (God)
2
‫ برئ‬bari’a a (‫ براءة‬barā’a) to be or become
free, be cleared (‫ من‬from, esp. from guilt
blame, etc., ‫ الى‬toward s.o.); to recover (‫من‬
from an illness) II to free, clear, acquit,
absolve, exculpate (‫ ه‬s.o., ‫ من‬from
suspicion, blame, guilt)│ ‫برأ ساحة الرجل‬
(sāḥata r-rajul) he acquitted the man IV
to acquit, absolve, discharge, exculpate (‫ه‬
s.o.); to cause to recover, cure, heal (‫ه‬
s.o.)│ ‫( ابرأ ذمته‬dimmatahū) to clear s.o. or
o.s. from guilt, exonerate s.o. or o.s. V to
clear o.s. (‫ من‬from suspicion, from a
charge), free o.s. (‫ من‬from responsibility,
etc.), rid o.s. (‫ من‬of); to declare o.s.
innocent, wash one’s hands (‫ من‬of); to be
acquitted X to restore to health, cure, heal
(‫ ه‬s.o.); to free o.s. (‫ من‬from), rid o.s. (‫من‬
of)
‫ برء‬bur’ and burū’ convalescence,
recovery
‫ برئ‬barī’ pl. ‫ ابرياء‬abriyā’2, ‫ براء‬burā’,
birā’ free, exempt (‫ من‬from), devoid (‫من‬
of); guiltless, innocent; guileless,
harmless; healthy, sound 49
‫ براء‬barā’ free, exempt (‫ من‬from)│ ‫ذمته‬
‫( براء من‬dimmatuM) he is innocent of ...
 ‫ براءة‬barā’a being free; disavowal,
withdrawal; innocence, guiltlessness;
naiveté, guilelessness, artlessness; (pl. -āt)
license, diploma, patent│ ‫براءة اختراع‬
patent on an invention; ‫براءة التنفيذ‬
exequatur (a written authorization of a
consular officer, issued by the government
to which he is accredited); ‫ براءة الثقة‬b. at-
tiqa (Tun.) credentials (dipl.); ‫على براءة‬
harmless; without guilt, innocent
‫ تبرئة‬tabri’a freeing, exemption;
acquittal, absolution, discharge,
exoneration
‫ مبارأة‬mubāra’a mubarat, divorce by
mutual consent of husband and wife,
either of them waiving all claims by way
of compensation (Isl. Law)
‫ ابراء‬ibrā’ acquittal, absolution, release;
release of a debtor from his liabilities,
remission of debt (Isl. Law)
‫ استبراء‬istibrā’: ‫ استبراء الحمل‬ist. al-ḥamal
the ceremony of selecting and purifying
the Host before Mass (Copt.-Chr.)
‫ براجواى‬baraguwāy Paraguay
‫ البرازيل‬al-bərāzīl Brazil
‫( براسيرى‬Fr. brasserie) brāseri beer parlor,
taproom
‫ براغ‬Prague
‫( برافان‬Fr. paravent) baravān folding screen
‫ براھما‬bərahmā Brahma
‫ بربة‬birba and ‫ بربا‬birbā pl. ‫ برابى‬barābī
ancient Egyptian temple, temple ruins
doting back to ancient Egypt (eg.);
labyrinth, maze
‫ بربخ‬barbaḳ pl. ‫ برابخ‬barābiḳ2 water pipe, drain,
culvert, sewer pipe
‫ بربر‬barbara to babble noisily (e.g., a large
crowd), jabber, mutter, prattle
‫ البربر‬al-barbar the Berbers
‫ بربرى‬barbarī Berber (adj.); barbaric,
uncivilized; -- (pl. ‫ برابرة‬barābira) a
Berber; a barbarian
‫ بربرية‬barbarīya barbar(ian)ism,
barbarity, savagery, cruelty
‫ متبربر‬mutabarbir barbaric, uncivilized
‫ بربيس‬look up alphabetically
‫ بربيش‬barbīš (syr.) tube (of a narghile, of an
enema, etc.)
‫ بربط‬barbata to splash, paddle, dabble (in
water)
‫( بربونى‬It. barbone) barbūnī, also ‫ بربون‬red
mullet (Mullus barbatus; zool.)
‫ بربى‬see ‫بربة‬
‫ بربيس‬barbīs barbel (zool.)
‫ برتغال‬burtugāl Portugal
‫ برتغالى‬burtugālī Portuguese
‫ برتقال‬burtuqāl, ‫ برتقان‬burtuqān orange
‫ برتقالى‬burtuqālī, ‫ برتقانى‬burtuqānī
orange, orange-colored
‫ برثن‬burtun, pl. ‫ براثن‬barātin claw, talon
1
‫ برج‬V to display, show, play up her charms
(woman); to adorn herself, make herself
pretty (woman)
2
‫ برج‬burj pl. ‫ بروج‬burūj, ‫ ابراج‬abrāj tower;
castle; sign of the zodiac│ ‫ برج الحمام‬b. al-
ḥamām pigeon house, dovecot; ‫ برج المياه‬b.
al-miyāh water tower
2
‫ بارجة‬bārija pl. ‫ بوارج‬bawārij warship,
battleship; barge
1
‫لعب البرجاس‬la‘b al-birjās a kind of equestrian
contest, joust, tournament
2
‫ البرجيس‬al-birjīs Jupiter (astron.)
‫ برجل‬barjal pl. ‫ براجل‬barāhil2 compass, (pair
of) dividers 50
‫ برجمة‬burjuma pl. ‫ براجم‬barājim2 knuckle,
finger joint
‫ برح‬bariḥa a (‫ براح‬barāḥ) to leave (‫ ھـ‬or ‫ من‬a
place, ‫ الى‬for), depart (‫ ھـ‬from, ‫ الى‬on one’s
way to); with neg.: to continue to be (=
‫ زال(│ما برح في‬he is still in ... ; ‫ما برح غنيا‬
(ganīyan) he is still rich; ‫( برح الخفاء‬ḳafā’)
the matter hall come out, has become
generally known; ‫ غدا وبرح‬to come and go
II to beset, harass, trouble, molest (‫ ب‬s.o.)
III to leave (‫ ھـ‬a place, ‫ الى‬for), depart (‫ھـ‬
from, ‫ الى‬on one's way to)
‫ براح‬departure; cessation, stop; a wide,
empty tract of land, vast expanse, vastness;
‫ براحا‬barāḥan openly and plainly, patently
 ‫ تباريح‬tabārīh2 agonies, torments (e.g., of
longing, of passion)
‫ مبارحة‬mubāraḥa departure
‫ بارح‬bāriḥ (showing the left side. i.e.)
ill-boding, inauspicious, ominous (as
opposed to ‫ سانح(؛ البارح‬al-bāriḥa yesterday
‫ البارحة‬al-bāriḥata yesterday│ ‫الليلة‬
‫( البارحة‬lailata) last night; ‫اول البارحة‬
awwala l-b. the day before yesterday. two
days ago
‫ مبرح‬mubarriḥ, violent, intense,
excruciating, agonizing (esp., of pains)
‫ مبرح به‬mubarraḥ bihi stricken. afflicted,
tormented
1
‫ برد‬barada u to be or become cold; to
cool, cool off (also fig.); to feel cold; to
cool, chill (‫ ھـ‬s.th.); to soothe. alleviate (‫ھـ‬
pain); -- baruda to be or become cold II to
make cold (‫ ھـ‬s.th.); to refrigerate (‫ ھـ‬s.th.);
to cool, chill (‫ ھـ‬s.th., also fig.); to soothe,
alleviate (‫ ھـ‬pain) V to refresh o.s., cool
o.s. off; to be soothed, be alleviated VIII to
become cold, cool off
‫ برد‬bard coldness, chilliness, coolness;
cooling; alleviation; cold, catarrh
‫ برد‬barad hail, ‫ بردة‬barada (n. un.)
hailstone
‫ برود‬barūd collyrium
‫ برود‬burūd coldness, coolness,
chilliness; emotional coldness, frigidity
‫ برودة‬burūda coldness, coolness,
chilliness; emotional coldness, frigidity│
‫ برودة الدم‬b. ad-dam cold-bloodedness
‫ بردية‬bardīya ague, feverish chill; see
also below
‫ برداء‬buradā’ 2 ague, feverish chill
‫ برادة‬barrāda cold-storage plant;
refrigerator, icebox
‫ تبريد‬tabrīd cooling, chilling; cold
storage, refrigeration; alleviation,
mitigation│‫ جھاد التبريد‬jahāz at-t. cold-
storage plant, refrigerator; ‫غرفة التبريد‬
gurfat at-t. cold-storage room
‫ بارد‬bārid cold; cool, chilly; easy; weak;
stupid, inane, silly, dull; dunce,
blockhead│‫( الحرب الباردة‬ḥarb) the cold
war; ‫ غنيمة باردة‬an easy prey; ‫‘( عيش بارد‬aiš)
an easy life; ‫( حجة باردة‬ḥujja) a weak
argument; ‫( تبغ بارد‬tibg) light, mild tobacco
‫ مبرد‬mubarrid cooling, refreshing; pl.
-āt refreshments (beverages, etc.)
‫ مبرد‬mubarrad cooled, chilled
2
‫ برد‬barada u to file (‫ ھـ‬a piece of metal, etc.)
‫ براد‬barrād fitter (of machinery)
‫ برادة‬birāda fitter's trade or work
‫ برادة‬burāda iron filings
‫ مبرد‬mibrad pl. ‫ مبارد‬mabcirid2 file, rasp
3
‫ برد‬burd pl. ‫ ابراد‬abrād garment
‫ بردة‬burda Mohammed's outer garment
‫ برداية‬burdāya curtain, drape 51
4
‫ برد‬IV to send by mail, to mail (‫ ھـ‬a letter)
‫ بريد‬barīd post, mail│‫( البريد الجوى‬jawwī)
air mail
‫ بريدى‬barīdī postal; messenger, courier;
mailman
5
‫ بارود‬look up alphabetically
6
‫ بردى‬bardī, burdī papyrus (bot.)
‫ بردية‬bardīya pl. -āt papyrus│‫علم البرديات‬
‘ilm al-b. papyrology
‫ برداق‬bardāq pl. ‫ براديق‬barādīq2 jug, pitcher
‫ لعب البردج‬la‘b al-b. bridge (game)
‫ بردخ‬bardaḳa to polish, burnish (‫ ھـ‬s.th.)
□ ‫بردعة = برذعة‬
‫بردقان = برتقان‬
‫ بردقوش‬bardaqūš (=‫ )مردقوش‬marjoram
‫( بردورة‬Fr. bordure) badūra curbstone, curb
‫ برذعة‬barda‘a pl. ‫ براذع‬barādi‘2 saddle, pack-
saddle (for donkeys and camels)
‫ براذعى‬barādi‘ī maker of donkey saddle,
saddler
‫ برذون‬birdaun pl. ‫ براذين‬barādīn2 work horse
jade, nag
1
‫ برز‬baraza u to come out, show, appear, come
into view, emerge; to jut out, protrude,
stand out, be prominent (also fig.); to
surpass, excel (‫ على‬s.o.) II to cause to
come out, bring out, expose, show, set off,
accentuate (‫ ھـ‬s.th.); to excel, surpass (‫فى‬
 ‫ على‬s.o. in), stand out (‫ فى‬for), distinguish
o.s. (‫ في‬by) III to meet in combat or duel (‫ه‬
s.o.); to compete in a contest (‫ ه‬with s.o.)
IV to cause to come out, bring out,
expose, make manifest (‫ ھـ‬s.th.); to
publish, bring out (‫ ھـ‬a book, etc.); to
present, show (‫ ھـ‬e.g., an identity card) V
to evacuate the bowels VI to vie, contend
‫ بروز‬burūz prominence, projection,
protrusion
‫ براز‬birāz excrement, feces; competition,
contest, match (in sports); duel
‫ بريزة‬buraiza (birēza; eg.) ten-piaster
coin
‫ ابرز‬abraz2 more marked, more
distinctive; more prominent
‫ مبارزة‬mubāraza competition, contest,
match, esp. in sports; duel; fencing
‫ ابراز‬ibrāz bringing out, displaying,
setting off, accentuation; production;
presentation
‫ بارز‬bāriz protruding, projecting, salient;
raised, embossed, in relief; marked,
distinct, conspicuous; prominent
(personality)
‫ مبرز‬mubarriz surpassing (‫ على‬s.o.),
superior (‫ على‬to s.o.); winner. victor (in
contest)
‫ مبارز‬mubāriz competitor, contender;
combatant, fighter; fencer
2
‫( بريز‬Fr. prise) brīz pl. -āt (plug) socket, wall-
plug, outlet (syr.); ‫ بريزة‬barīza pl. ‫برائز‬
barā’iz2 do. (eg.)
2 elephant
‫ ابريز‬look up alphabetically
2 ‫ برطمان‬barṯamān pl. -āt (syr. eg.) tall earthen
‫ برزان‬barazān trumpet
‫ برزخ‬barzaḳ pl. ‫ برازخ‬barāziḳ interval, gap,
break, partition, bar, obstruction; isthmus
‫ برزوق‬burzūq sidewalk
1
‫ برسام‬birsām pleurisy
2
‫ ابريسم‬look up alphabetically
3
‫ برسيم‬birsīm clover, specif., berseem, Egyptian
clover (Trifolium alexandrinum bot.)
1
‫ برش‬burš pl. ‫ ابراش‬abrāš mat
‫ ابرش‬abraš2 spotted, speckled 52
1
‫ برش‬look up alphabetically
‫ برشت‬birišt: ‫( بيض برشت‬baiḍ) soft-boiled eggs
‫ برشلونة‬baršīlōna Barcelona (seaport in NE
Spain)
‫ برشم‬baršama to stare, gaze (‫ الى‬at s.th.); to
rivet (‫ ھـ‬s.th.)
‫ برشمة‬baršama riveting
‫ برشام‬buršām and ‫( برشان‬n. un. ‫ )ة‬pl. -āt
wafer; Host (Chr.)
‫ برشامة‬buršāma rivet
‫ برشامجى‬buršāmjī riveter
‫ برشمجية‬buršamjīya riveting
1
‫ برص‬bariṣa a (baraṣ) to be a leper
‫ برص‬burṣ wall gecko (Tarentola
mauritanica, zool.)
‫ برص‬baraṣ leprosy
‫ ابراص‬abraṣ2 leprous; leper│‫سام ابرص‬
sāmm a. wall gecko
2
‫ برصة‬burṣa stock exchange
‫ برض‬baraḍa u (‫ بروض‬burūḍ) to germinate,
sprout (plant)
‫ برطوز‬barṯūz: ‫ برطوز البحرية‬b. a1-baḥrīya
forecastle, crew quarters (on a merchant
vessel)
‫ برطع‬barṯa‘a (‫ برطعة‬barṯa‘a) to gallop
‫ برطل‬barṯala (‫ برطلة‬barṯala) to bribe (‫ ه‬s.o.) II
tabarṯala to take bribes, be venal
‫ برطيل‬birṯīl pl. ‫ براطيل‬barāṯīl2 bribe
1
‫ برطم‬barṯama to rave, talk irrationally
‫ برطوم‬burṯūm, barṯūm trunk of an
2
or glass vessel (for preserves, oil. etc.)
‫ برع‬bara‘a a to surpass excel (‫ ه‬s.o.); (also
baru‘a u) to distinguish o.s., be skilful,
proficient V to contribute. Give, donate (‫ب‬
s.th.); to undertake (voluntarily, ‫ ب‬s.th.).
volunteer (‫ ب‬or), be prepared, willing (‫ب‬
to do s.th.); to be ready, be on hand (‫ب‬
with)
‫ براعة‬barā‘a skill, proficiency;
efficiency, capability, capacity
‫ بروعة‬burū‘a superior skill, outstanding
proficiency
 ‫ تبرع‬tabarru‘ pl. -āt gift, donation;
contribution
‫ بارع‬bāri‘ skilled, skillful, proficient,
capable. efficient; brilliant, outstanding
(work of art)
‫ برعم‬bar‘ama to bud, burgeon, sprout
2
‫ برعم‬bur‘um pl. ‫ براعم‬barā‘im and ‫برعوم‬
bur‘ūm pl. ‫ براعيم‬bard'im' bud, burgeon;
blossom, flower
‫ برغوث‬burgūt pl. ‫ براغيث‬barāgīt2 f1ea; pl.
‫( براغيث‬syr.) small silver coins│ ‫برغوث‬
‫ البحر‬b. a1-baḥr shrimp (zool.)
‫ برغش‬bargaš (coll.; n. un. ‫ )ة‬gnat(s), midge(s)
‫ برغل‬burgul cooked, parched and crushed
wheat, served together with other food
(eg., syr.)
‫( برغى‬Turk. ‫ بورغى‬burğų) burgī pl. ‫براغى‬
barāgī screw
‫ برفير‬birfīr pl. ‫ برافير‬barāfīr2 purple
‫ بروفة‬look up alphabetically
1 ‫ برقع‬burqu‘ pl. ‫ براقع‬barāqi‘2 veil (worn
‫ برق‬baraqa u to shine, glitter, sparkle, flash│
‫( برقت السماء‬samā’u) there was lightning IV
= I; to emit bolts of lightning (cloud); to
flash up, light up; to brighten (face); to
cable, wire, telegraph (‫ الى‬to)
‫ برق‬barq pl. ‫ بروق‬burūq lightning; flash
of lightning; telegraph│ ‫( برق خلب‬ḳullab)
lightning without a downpour, used fig.
e.g.. of s.o. given to making promises
without ever living up to them 53
‫ برقى‬barqī telegraphic, telegraph- (in
compounds)
‫ برقية‬barqīya pl. -āt telegram, wire, cable
‫ بريق‬barīq pl. ‫ برائق‬barā’iq2 glitter,
shine, gloss, luster│‫( ذو بريق معدني‬ma‘dinī)
lustered, coated with metallic luster
‫ براق‬burāq Alborak, name of the
creature on which Mohammed made his
ascension to the seven heavens (‫)معراج‬
‫ براق‬barrāq shining, lustrous, sparkling,
flashing, glittering, twinkling
‫ مبرق‬mabraq glitter, flash│‫فى مبرق الصبح‬
fī m. iṣ-ṣbḥ with the first rays of the
morning sun
‫ بارق‬bāriq: ‫ بارق‬b. al-amal glimpse of
hope
‫ بارقة‬bāriqa pl. ‫ بوارق‬bawāriq2 gleam,
twinkle
‫ مبرق‬mubriq: ‫ مبرق كاتب‬teletype
2
‫ البرقة‬al-barqa Cyrenaica (region of E Libya)
3
‫ ابريق‬look up alphabetically
4
‫ استبرق‬look up alphabetically
‫ برقش‬barqaša (‫ برقش‬barqš) to variegate, paint
or daub with many colors (‫ ھـ‬s.th.); to
embellish (‫ ھـ‬s.th.; ‫ قوله‬one’s speech) II
tabargaša reflex. and pass. of I
‫ برقش‬birqiš finch
‫ برقش‬barqaša colorful medley, variety,
variegation
‫ مبرقش‬mubarqaš colorful, variegated,
many-colored
‫ برقع‬barqa‘a to veil, drape (‫ھـ‬, s.o., s.th.) II
tabarqa‘a to put on a veil, veil o.s.
by women; long, leaving the eyes
exposed)
‫ برقوق‬barqūq (coll.; n. un. ‫ )ة‬plum
1
‫ برك‬baraka u to kneel down II and IV to make
(‫ ھـ‬the camel) kneel down II to invoke a
blessing (‫ على‬or ‫ فى‬on s.th., ‫ ل‬on s.th.) III
to bless (‫ فى‬or ‫ ه‬s.th., also ‫ ل‬or ‫)على‬, invoke
a blessing on; to give one's blessing (‫ ھـ‬to
s.th.), sanction (‫ ھـ‬s.th.) V to be blessed (‫ب‬
by); to enjoy (‫ ب‬s.th.), find pleasure,
delight (‫ ب‬in); to ask s.o.’s (‫ )ب‬blessing VI
to be blessed, be praised; ... ‫ تبارك‬tabāraka
... God bless …! X to be blessed
‫ بركة‬birka pl. ‫ برك‬birak pond, small lake;
puddle, pool│ ‫ بركة السباحة‬b. as-sibāḥa
swimming pool
‫ بركة‬baraka pl. -āt blessing,
benediction│ ‫قلة البركة‬qillat al-b.
misfortune, bad luck
‫ ابرك‬abrak2 more blessed
‫ تبريك‬tabrīk pl. -āt good wish; blessing,
benediction
‫ مبارك‬mubārak blessed, fortunate, lucky
2
‫ براريك‬barārīk2 (mor.) barracks
‫ بركار‬birkār compass, (pair of) divideers
‫ بركان‬burkān pl. ‫ براكين‬barākīn2 volcano
‫ بركانى‬burkānī volcanic
‫ برلمان‬barlamān parliament
‫ برلمانى‬barlamānī parliamentary
‫ برلمانية‬barlamānīya parliamentarianism
‫( برلنتى‬It. brillante) brillantī brilliant, diamond
‫ برلين‬barlīn Berlin
1
‫ برم‬barima a (baram) to be or become weary,
tired (‫ ب‬of), be fed up, be bored (‫ ب‬with),
find annoying, wearisome (‫ ب‬s.th.) V to
feel annoyed (‫ ب‬by), be displeased (‫ب‬
with); to be fed up (‫ ب‬with), be sick and
tired (‫ب‬of, also ‫ ;)من‬to be impatient,
discontented, dissatisfied; to grieve, be
pained 54
‫ برم‬barim weary, tired (‫ ب‬of), disgusted
(‫ ب‬at, with); dissatisfied, discontented
‫ تبرم‬tabarrum weariness, boredom,
disgust; discontent, dissatisfaction;
uneasiness, discomfort, annoyance
‫ متبرم‬mutabarrim cross, peevish, vexed,
annoyed
2
‫ برم‬barama u (barm) to twist, twine (‫ ھـ‬a
rope); to shape (‫ ھـ‬s.th.) round and long; to
roll up (‫ ھـ‬the sleeves); to settle, establish,
confirm (‫ ھـ‬s.th.) IV to twist, twine (‫ ھـ‬a
rope); to settle, establish, confirm (‫ ھـ‬s.th.);
to conclude (‫ ھـ‬a pact); to confirm (‫ ھـ‬a
judicial judgment); to ratify (‫ ھـ‬a treaty, a
bill) VII to be settled, be established, be
confirmed; to be twisted, be twined
‫ برامة‬barrāma pl. -āt drilling machine
‫ بريم‬barīm rope; string, cord, twine
‫ بريمة‬barrīma pl. –āt drill, borer, gimlet,
auger, bit; ○ corkscrew ‫برم‬
○ ‫ بريمية‬barrīmīya spirochete
‫ ابرام‬ibrām settlement, establishment;
confirmation; conclusion (of a pact, etc.);
ratification│‫ محكمة النقض واالبرام‬maḥkamat
an-naqḍ wa-l-i. Court of Cassation (Eg.)
‫ مبروم‬mabrūm:○‫( سلك مبروم‬silk) wire
rope, cable
‫ مبرم‬mubram firm, strong; irrevocable,
definitely established; confirmed, ratified│
‫( قضاء مبرم‬qaḍā’) inescapable fate; ‫بصورة‬
‫ مبرمة‬irrevocably
3
‫ برمة‬burma pl. ‫ برم‬buram, ‫ برام‬birām
earthenware pot
‫ برما‬burmā Burma
‫ برمائى‬barmā’ī amphibious│‫دبابة برمائية‬
(dabbāba) amphibious tank (mil.)
○ ‫ برمائية‬barmā’īya amphibian
‫( برماننت‬Engl.) barmanant permanent wave│
‫برماننت على البارد‬cold wave (in hair)
‫ برمق‬barmaq pl. ‫ برامق‬barāmiq2 baluster; spike
(of a wheel)
‫ برمھات‬baramhāt the seventh month of the
Coptic calendar
‫ برمنكھام‬Birmingham
‫ برمودة‬barmūda the eighth month of the Coptic
calendar
‫ برميل‬barmīl pl. ‫ براميل‬barāmīl2 barrel; keg,
cask; tun
‫ برنية‬barnīya pl. ‫ برانى‬barānīy clay vessel
‫ برنامج‬barnāmaj pl. ‫ برامج‬barāmij2 program,
plan, schedule; roster, list, index;
curriculum
‫ برنجك‬burunjuk gauze, crepe
1
‫ برنس‬burnus pl. ‫ برانس‬barānis2 (also ‫برنوس‬
barnūs, burnūs pl. ‫ برانيس‬baranīs2)
burnoose, hooded cloak; casula, chasuble
(of Coptic priests)│ ‫ برنس الحمام‬b. al-
ḥammām bathrobe
‫ برانسى‬barānisī pl. -īya maker of
burnooses
2
‫ جبال البرانس‬jibāl al-barānis the Pyrenees
‫ برنس‬brins prince
‫ برنسيسة‬brinsēsa princess
‫ برنط‬II tabarnaṯa to wear a hat
‫ برنطية‬burnaiṯa pl. -āt, ‫ برانيط‬barānīt2
(European) hat (men’s and women’s);
lamp shade
‫ برھة‬burha pl. burahāt, ‫ بره‬burah a while, a
time; short time; instant, moment; ‫برھة‬
burllatan a little while│ ‫( برھتين‬after two
moments =) in a short time
□ ‫ برھم‬barham (syr.) = ‫ مرھم‬marham
‫ برھمن‬barahman pl. ‫ براھمة‬barāhima Brahman
55
‫ برھمية‬barahmīya Brahmanism
‫ برھن‬barhana to prove, demonstrate (‫ على‬or ‫عن‬
s.th.)
‫ برھن‬burhān pl. ‫ براھين‬barāhīn2 proof
‫ برھنة‬barhana proving, demonstration
‫ بروة‬bawa waste, scrap
‫ بروتستانتي‬brotostantī Protestant; (pl. -ūn) a
Protestant
‫ بروتستانتية‬brotostantīya Protestantism
‫( بروتستو‬It. protesto) brotostō protest (of a bill
of exchange)
‫ بورتوكول‬brotokōl protocol
‫ بروتون‬proton
‫ بوجرام‬brogrām program
‫ بروجى‬burūjī pl. -īya trumpeter, bugler
‫ بروز‬barwaza to frame
‫ برواز‬barwāz, birwāz pl. ‫ براويز‬barāwīz2 frame
‫( بروسيا‬It. Prussia) burūsiyā Prussia
‫ بروسي‬burūsī Prussian
‫ بروفة‬and ‫( بروڤـة‬It. prova) brōva, brōfa pl.
-āt test. experiment; proof sheet;
rehearsal
‫( برونز‬Fr.) bronz bronze
‫ برونزى‬bronzi bronze, bronzy│ ‫العصر‬
‫‘( البرونزى‬aṣr) the Bronze Age
1
‫ برى‬barā i (bary) to trim, shape (‫ ھـ‬s.th.), nib (
‫ ھـ‬a pen), sharpen (‫ ھـ‬a pencil); to scratch
off, scrape off (‫ ھـ‬s.th.); to exhaust, tire
out, wear out, emaciate, enervate (‫ ه‬s.o.),
sap the strength of (‫ )ه‬III to vie, compete (‫ه‬
with s.o.). try to outstrip (‫ ه‬s.o.) VI to vie,
compete, contend, be rivals; to meet in a
contest, try each other’s strength (esp. in
games and sports) VII to be trimmed, be
nibbed, be sharpened; to defy, oppose (‫ل‬
s.o.); to undertake, take in hand (‫ ل‬s.th.),
set out to do s.th. (‫)ل‬, enter, embark (‫ل‬
upon); to break forth (‫ من‬from); to get
going; to break out, lot fly, explode (with
words, esp. in anger or excitement)
‫ برى‬baran dust, earth
‫ براية‬barrāya, ‫ براية االفالم‬b. al-aqlām
pencil sharpener
‫ مبراة‬mibrāh pocketknife
‫ مباراة‬mubārāh pl. ‫ مباريات‬mubārayāt
contest tournament, match (in games and
sports); competition, rivalry
‫ اعط القوس باريھا‬:‫ بار‬a‘ṯi l-qausa bāriyahā
give the bow to him who knows how to
shape it, i.e. always ask an expert
‫ متبار‬mutabārin participant in a contest,
contestant, contender; competitor, rival
2
‫ برية‬see 1‫ برأ‬and 2‫بر‬
‫ بريطانيا‬barīṯāniyā, biriṯāniyā Britain, ‫بريطانيا‬
‫( الكبرى‬uẓmā) Great Britain
‫ بريطاني‬barīṯānī, biriṯānī British;
Britannic
1
‫ بز‬bazza u (bazz) to take away, steal, wrest,
snatch (‫ ھـ ه‬from s.o. s.th.). rob, strip (‫ھـ ه‬
s.o. of s.th.); to defeat, beat, outstrip, excel
(‫ ه‬s.o.), triumph, be victorious (‫ ه‬over)
VIII to take away, steal, pilfer (‫ ھـ‬s.th.); to
take away, snatch (‫ ھـ‬money, ‫ من‬from
s.o.); to rob, fleece (‫ ه‬s.o.)│‫ابتز اموال الناس‬
to lift money out of people’s pockets,
relieve people of their money
‫ ابتزاز‬ibtizāz theft, robbery; fleecing,
robbing (of s.o.)
2
‫ بز‬bazza u to bud, burgeon
‫ بز‬buzz, bizz pl. ‫ بزاز‬bizāz, ‫ ابزاز‬abzāz
nipple, mammilla (of the female breast);
teat, female breast 56
3
‫ بز‬bazz pl. ‫ بزوز‬buzūz linen; cloth, dry goods
‫ بزة‬bizza clothing, clothes, attire;
uniform│‫( بزة رسمية‬rasmīya) uniform
‫ بزاز‬bazzāz draper, cloth merchant
‫ بزازة‬bizāza cloth trade
‫ بزبوز‬bazbūz pl. ‫ بزابيز‬bazābīz2 nozzle, spout
‫ بزر‬bazara i (bazr) to sow
‫ بزر‬bizr pl. ‫ بزور‬buzūr seed(s); pl. ‫ابزار‬
abzār and ‫ ابازير‬abāzīr2 spice
‫ بزرة‬bizra (n. un.) seed; kernel, pip, pit,
stone (of fruit); germ
‫ بزار‬bazzār seedsman
‫ بزيرة‬buzaira pl. -āt spore (bot.)
‫ بزغ‬bazaga u to break forth, come out; to
dawn (day); to rise (sun)
 ‫ بزوغ‬buzūg appearance, emergence; rise
(of the sun)
‫ بزق‬bazaqa u (bazq) to spit
‫ بزاق‬buzāq spit, spittle, saliva
‫ بزاقة‬bazzāqa snail; cobra
‫ مبزقة‬mibzaqa pl. ‫ مبازق‬mabāziq2
spittoon, cuspidor
1
‫بزل‬bazala u (bazl) to split (‫ ھـ‬s.th.); to pierce
(‫ ھـ‬s.th.), make a hole (‫ ھـ‬in); to tap,broach
(‫ ھـ‬s.th.; a cask); to puncture, tap (‫ ه‬s.o.;
med.); to clear, filter (‫ ھـ‬a liquid)
‫ بزل‬bazl puncture, tapping, paracentesis
(med.)
‫ بزال‬buzāl bung (of a cask)
‫ مبزل‬mibzal pl. ‫ مبازل‬mabazil 2 spile,
spigot, tap; cock, faucet
2
‫( بزلة‬It. piselli) bizilla and ‫ بزال‬green peas
‫ ابزيم‬ibzīm pl. ‫ ابازم‬abāzim2 buckle, clasp
‫ بزموت‬bizmūt bismuth
‫ بزنطى‬bizanṯī Byzantine
‫ باز‬bāzin pl. ‫ بزاة‬buzāh, ‫ بواز‬bawāzin, ‫بيزان‬
bīzān falcon
‫ بس‬bass and ‫ بسة‬bassa pl. ‫ بساس‬bassās cat
‫ بسأ‬basa’a a (‫ بسء‬bas’) to treat amicably (‫ب‬
s.o.); to be intimate, be on familiar terms (
‫ ب‬with)
‫ بسارابيا‬besārābiyā Bessarabia
‫ بسباس‬basbās, ‫ بسباسة‬basbāsa (eg.) mace (bot.);
(magr.) fennel
‫ بسبوسة‬basbāsa (eg.) pastry made of
flour, melted butter, sugar and oil
‫( بستيلية‬Fr.) bastīliya pastilles, lozenges
1
‫ بستان‬bustān pl. ‫ بساتين‬basātīn2 garden
‫ بستانى‬bustānī gardener; garden (adj.);
horticultural
‫ بستنة‬bastana gardening, horticulture
2
‫( بستون‬Fr. piston) bistōn, ‫( بستن‬Engl.) bistan
pl. ‫ بساتن‬basātin2 piston
3
‫( بستون‬It. bastone) bastūnī spades (suit of
playing cards)
‫ بسخة‬basḳa Easter; Passion Week (Chr.)
‫ بسر‬basara u (‫ بسور‬busūr) to scowl, frown; --
basara u (basr) and VIII to begin too
early (‫ ھـ‬with), take premature action, be
rash (‫ ھـ‬in s.th.)
‫ بسر‬busr (n. un. ‫ )ة‬pl. ‫ بسار‬bisār unripe
dates
‫ باسور‬bāsūr pl. ‫ بواسير‬bawāsīr2
hemorrhoids
‫ بسط‬basaṯ u (basṯ) to spread, spread out (‫ھـ‬
s.th.); to level, flatten (‫ ھـ‬s.th.); to enlarge,
expand (‫ ھـ‬s.th.); to stretch out, extend (‫ھـ‬
s.th.); to unfold, unroll (‫ ھـ‬s.th.); to grant,
offer, present (‫ ھـ‬s.th.); to submit, state, set
forth, expound, explain (‫ ھـ‬s.th., ‫ ل‬or ‫على‬
to s.o.); to flog (‫ ه‬s.o.; Nejd); to please
delight (‫ ه‬s.o.)│ ‫( بسط ذراعيه‬dirā‘aihi) to
spread one’s arms; 57 ‫بسط يد المساعدة ل‬
(yada l-musā‘ada) to extend helping hand
to s.o.; ‫ بسط المائدة‬to lay the table; -- basuṯa
u (‫ بساطة‬basāta) to be simple,
openhearted, frank, candid II to spread,
spread out, extend, expand (‫ ھـ‬s.th.); to
level, flatten (‫ ھـ‬s.th.); to simplify, make
simple (‫ ھـ‬s.th.) III to set forth, state,
expound, explain; to be sincere (‫ ب ه‬with
s.th. about or in s.th.), confess frankly (‫ب ه‬
to s.o. s.th.) V to be spread, be unrolled,
be spread out, be extended; to speak at
great length (‫ فى‬about), enlarge (‫ فى‬on),
treat exhaustively, expound in detail (‫ فى‬a
theme); to be friendly, communicative,
sociable, behave unceremoniously, be
completely at ease│ ‫ تبسط في الحديث‬to talk
freely, without formality VII to spread,
extend, expand (intr.); to be glad, be
delighted, be or become happy
‫ بسط‬basṯ, extension, spreading,
unrolling, unfolding; presentation,
statement, explanation, exposition;
cheering, delighting, delectation;
amusement; (Eg.) numerator (of a
fraction)│ ‫ بسط اليد‬b. al-yad avarice, greed,
cupidity
‫ بسطة‬basṯa extension, extent, expanse;
size, magnitude; skill, capability, abilities;
excess, abundance; (pl. -āt) statement,
exposition, presentation; -- (pl. ‫ بساط‬bisāṯ)
landing (of staircase); estrade, dais,
platform (eg.)
‫ بساط‬bisāṯ pl. -āt, ‫ ابسطة‬absiṯa, ‫ بسط‬busuṯ
carpet, rug│ ‫ بساط الرحمة‬b. ar-raḥma

winding sheet, shroud; ‫ مسألة )وضع‬or) ‫طرح‬
‫( على بساط البحث‬mas‘alata, baḥtan) to raise
a question, bring a question on the carpet,
also ‫( على بساط المناقشة‬b. il-munāqaša) for
discussion; ‫ طوى البساط بما فيه‬to bring the
matter to an end, settle it once and for all
‫ بسيط‬basīṯ pl. ‫ بسطاء‬busaṯā’2 simple;
plain, uncomplicated; slight, little, modest,
inconsiderable, trivial, trifling; ‫ البسيط‬name
of a poetical meter; pl. ‫ بسطاء‬simple souls),
ingenuous people│‫ بسيط اليدين‬b. al-yadain
(pl. ‫ بسط‬busuṯ) generous, openhanded
‫ البسيطة‬al-basīṯa the earth, the world
‫ بسائط‬basā’iṯ2 elements; simple remedies,
medicinal plants; basic facts
‫ بساطة‬basāṯa simplicity, plainness
O ‫ ابسوطة‬ubsūṯa pl. ‫ اباسيط‬abāsīṯ2 rim,
felly (of a wheel)
2
‫ ابسط‬absaṯ simpler; wider, more
extensive
‫ تبسيط‬tabsīṯ simplification
‫ انبساط‬inbisāṯ (n. vic. ‫ )ة‬extensity,
extensiveness, extension; expansion,
expanse; joy. delight, happiness, gaiety,
cheerfulness
‫‘ عضلة باسطة‬aḍla bāsiṯa extensor (anat.)
‫ مبسوط‬mabsūṯ extended, outstretched;
spread out; extensive, large, sizeable;
detailed, elaborate (book); cheerful, happy,
gay; feeling well, in good health; (tun.)
well-to-do
‫ منبسط‬munbasiṯ extending, spreading;
gay, happy, cheerful; level surface
‫( بسطرمة‬Turk.) basṯurma a kind of jerked,
salted meat (eg.)
‫ البوسفور‬al-busfūr the Bosporus
‫ بسق‬basaqa a (‫ بسوق‬busūq) to be high, tall,
lofty, towering; to excel, surpass (‫ ه‬or ‫على‬
s.o.)
‫ باسق‬bāiq high, tall, lofty, towering
‫ منبسق‬munbasiq high, tall, lofty,
towering
‫( بسكليت‬Fr. bicyclette) biskilēt, baskilēt bicycle
‫( بسكوت‬It. biscotto) baskūt biscuit
‫ بسكويت‬baskawīt biscuit
2
‫ بسل‬basula u (‫ بسالة‬basāla) to be brave,
fearless, intrepid V to scowl, glower X to
be reckless, defy death 58
‫ بسالة‬basāla courage, intrepidity
‫ استبسال‬istibsāl death defiance
‫ بسالة‬bāsil pl. ‫ بسالء‬busalā’2, ‫بواسل‬
bawāsil2 brave, fearless, intrepid
‫ مسبسل‬mustabsil death-defying, heroic
2
‫بسلة‬bisilla peace
‫ بسم‬basam i (basm), V and VIII to smile
‫ بسم‬basma pl. basamāt smile
‫ بسام‬bassām smiling
‫ مبسم‬mabsim, pl. ‫ مباسم‬mabāsim2 mouth;
mouthpiece, holder (for cigars, cigarettes,
etc.)
‫ ابتسام‬ibtisām and (n. vic.) ‫ ابتسامة‬pl. -āt
smile
‫ بسمل‬basmala to utter the invocation ‫بسم ﷲ‬
‫“ الرحمن الرحيم‬In the name of God, the
Benificent, the Merciful”
‫ بسمل‬basmala utterance of the above
invocation; the invocation itself
‫ بسينة‬busaina kitty
‫ بسيكولوجى‬psikolōjī psychological(aI)
‫ بش‬bašša a (bašš, ‫ بشاشة‬bašāša) to display a
friendly, cheerful, happy mien; to smile;
to be friendly (‫ ل‬to s.o.). give s.o. (‫ )ل‬a
smile
‫ بشوش‬bašūš, baššāš smiling, friendly,
cheerful
‫ بشاشة‬bašāša smile; happy mien
‫ باش‬bāšš smiling, happy; friendly, kind
‫ بشت‬bušt (Nejd, Baḥr., Ir.) a kind of cloak, =
‫‘ عباءة‬abā’a
‫ بشتة‬bišta (eg.) woolen cloak worn by
Egyptian peasants
1
‫ بشر‬bašar i, bašira a to rejoice, be delighted,
be happy (‫ ب‬at s.th.) II to announce (as
good news; ‫ ب ه‬to s.o. s.th.); to bring news
(‫ ب ه‬to s.o. of s.th.); to spread, propagate,
preach (‫ ب‬s.th.; a religion, a doctrine)│
‫(بشر نفسه ب‬nafsahū) to indulge in the
happy hope that … IV to rejoice (at good
news) X to rejoice, be delighted, be happy
 (‫ ب‬at s.th., esp. at good news), welcome, (
‫ ب‬s.th.); to take as good omen (‫ ب‬s.th.)│
‫( استبشر به خيرا‬ḳairan) to regard s.th. as
auspicious
‫ بشر‬bišr joy
‫ بشر‬bušr glad tidings
‫ بشرى‬bušrā glad tidings, good news
‫ بشارة‬bišāra pl. -āt, ‫ بشائر‬bašā’ir2 good
news, glad tidings; annunciation,
prophecy; gospel; ‫ بشائر‬good omens,
propitious signs│ ‫‘ عيد البشارة‬īd al-b. the
Annunciation, the Day of Our Lady (Chr.)
‫ بشير‬bašīr pl. ‫ بشراء‬bušarā’2 bring.r of
glad tidings, messenger, herald, harbinger,
forerunner, precursor; evangelist (Chr.)
‫ تبشير‬tabšīr announcement (of glad
tidings); preaching of the Gospel;
evangelization, missionary activity
‫ تبشيري‬tabšīrī missionary
‫ تباشير‬tabāšīr2 foretokens, prognostics,
omens, first signs or indications, heralds
(fig.); beginnings, dawn│ ‫ تباشير الفجر‬t. al-
fajr the first shimmer of aurora, the first
glimpse of dawn
‫ مبشر‬mubaššir pl. -āt announcer,
messenger (of glad tidings); evangelist
(Chr.); preacher; missionary (Chr.)
‫ مستبشر‬mustabšir happy, cheerful
2
‫ بشر‬bašara u to peel (‫ ھـ‬s.th.); to scrape off,
shave off, scratch off (‫ ھـ‬s.th.); to grate,
shred (‫ ھـ‬s.th.) III to touch (‫ ھـ‬s.th.), be in
direct contact (‫ ھـ‬with s.th.); to have
sexual intercourse (‫ ه‬with s.o.); to attend,
apply o.s. (‫ ب‬or ‫ ب‬to s.th.), take up, take
in hand, pursue, practice, carry out (‫ھـ‬
s.th., job, a task, etc.) 59
‫ بشر‬bašar man, human being; men,
mankind
‫ بشرى‬bašarī human; human being;
epidermal, skin (adj.)│ ‫طبيب بشرى‬
dermatologist
‫ بشرة‬bašara outer skin, epidermis,
cuticle; skin; complexion
‫ بشرية‬bašarīya, mankind, human race
‫ مبشرة‬mibšara pl. ‫ مباشر‬mabāšir2 scraper,
grater
‫ مباشرة‬mubāšara pursuit, practice; direct,
physical cause (Isl. Law); mubāšaratan
immediately, directly
‫ مبشور‬mabšūr: ‫( جبنة مبشورة‬jubna)
shredded cheese
‫ مباشر‬mubāšir pl. -ūn direct, immediate;
practitioner, pursuer, operator; director; O
manager (Eg.); court usher (Syr.); (mil.)
approx.: staff sergeant (Eg. 1939)│‫غير‬
‫( مباشر‬iṣābāt) directs
‫ بشروش‬bašrūš flamingo
‫ بشع‬baši‘a a (‫ بشاعة‬bašā‘a) to be ugly,
loathsome II to make ugly, disfigure,
distort (‫ ھـ‬s.th.); to disparage, run down (‫ھـ‬
s.th.) X to regard as ugly, find ugly or
repugnant (‫ ھـ‬s.th.)
‫ بشع‬baši‘ ugly; offensive, disgusting,
distasteful, repugnant; unpleasant
‫ بشاعة‬bašā‘a ugly; offensive, disgusting,
distasteful, repugnant; unpleasant
‫ بشاعة‬bašā‘a ugliness
‫ ابشع‬abša2 uglier; more repulsive
1
‫ باشق‬look up alphabetically
2
‫( بشقه‬eg.; Turk. baška; invar.) different
‫ بشك‬VIII to lie, prevaricate
‫ بشاك‬baššāk liar
‫ ابتشاك‬ibtišāk lie, deceit, trickery
1
‫ بشكور‬baškūr pl. ‫ بشاكير‬bašākīr2 poker, fire
iron
2
‫ بشكير‬balkir pl. ‫ بشاكير‬bašākīr2 towel
‫( بشلة‬It.) bišilla pl. -āt bacillus
‫ بشم‬bašima a (bašam) to feel nauseated, be
disgusted (‫ من‬by s.th.), be fed up (‫ من‬with)
IV to nauseate, sicken, disgust (‫ ه‬s.o.)
‫ بشم‬bašam surfeit, satiety, loathing, disgust
‫ بشمار‬bašmār (tun.) lacework, trimmings
‫ بشامرى‬bašāmirī (tun.) laceworker, lace-
maker
‫ بشمق‬bašmaq slipper (worn by fuqahā’ and
women)
‫ بشنة‬bašna (magr.) sorghum, millet
‫ بشنس‬bašan the ninth month of the Coptic
calendar
‫ بشنوقة‬bašnūqa pl. ‫ بشانيق‬bašānīq2 kerchief tied
under the chin (pal.)
‫ بشنين‬bašnīn lotus
‫ بص‬baṣṣa i (baṣṣ, ‫ بصيص‬basīṣ) to glow,
sparkle, glitter, shine; -- (eg.) u to look
‫ بصة‬baṣṣ embers
‫ بصيص‬baṣīṣ glow, shine; glimpse, ray
(e.g., of hope); lustrous, shining
‫ بصائص‬baṣā’iṣ lustrous, shining; (eg.)
spy, detective
‫ بصبص‬baṣbaṣa (‫ بصبصة‬baṣbaṣa) to wag (‫بذنبه‬
bi-danabihi its tail); (eg.) to ogle, make
sheep’s eyes, cast amorous glances
‫ بصخة‬baṣḳa see ‫بسخة‬
2
‫ بصر‬baṣura a (baṣar) to look, see; to realize,
understand, comprehend, grasp (‫ ب‬s.th.) II
to make (‫ ه‬s.o.) understand or realize (‫ھـ‬
or ‫ ب‬s.th.), make (‫ ه‬s.o.) aware (‫ ھـ‬or ‫ ب‬of
s.th.); to enlighten 60 (‫ ھـ ه‬or ‫ ب ه‬s.o. on or
as to s.th.); to tell, inform (‫ ھـ ه‬or ‫ ب ه‬s.o.
about) IV to see (‫ ه‬،‫ ھـ‬s.o., s.th.); to make
out, behold, perceive, discern, notice (‫ ه‬،‫ھـ‬
s.o., s.th.), set eyes on (‫)ھـ ه‬, catch sight of
(‫ ه‬.‫ ;)ھـ‬to recognize (‫ ه‬،‫ ھـ‬s.o., s.th.); to
reflect (‫ ب‬on). ponder (‫ ب‬s.th.) V to look (
‫ ھـ‬at), regard (‫ ھـ‬s.th.); to reflect (‫ فى‬on
s.th.), ponder (‫ فى‬s.th.) X to have the
faculty of visual perception, be able to
see; to be endowed with reason, be ‫ بصل‬baṣal (coll.; n. un. ‫ )ة‬onion(s); bulb(s)│
rational, reasonable, intelligent; to reflect (
‫ فى‬on s.th.), ponder (‫ فى‬s.th.)
‫ بصر‬baṣar pl. ‫ ابصار‬abṣār vision, eye-sight;
glance, look; insight; sight, discernment,
perception│‫ قصير البصر‬shortsighted,
myopic; ‫ لمح البصر‬lamḥ al-b.glance of the
eye; ‫ دون لمح البصر‬،‫ في لمح البصر‬،‫كلمح البصر‬
(dūna), ‫( في اقل لمح البصر‬aqalIa) in the
twinkling of an eye, in a moment, in a
flash. instantly; ‫( على مدى البصر‬madā)
within sight; ‫ له بصر ب فى‬is
knowledgeable, in, h. is familiar with
‫ بصرى‬baṣarī optic(al), visual, ocular
‫ بصريات‬baṣarīyāt optics
‫ بصارة‬basāra perception, discernment;
perspicacity, acuteness of the mind, sharp-
wittedness
‫ بصير‬baṣīr pl. ‫ بصراء‬buṣarā’2 endowed
with eyesight; acutely aware (‫ ب‬of),
having insight (‫ ب‬into); possessing
knowledge or understanding (‫ ب‬of),
discerning, discriminating, versed,
knowledgeable, proficient (‫ ب‬in),
acquainted (‫ ب‬with s.th.);
‫ بصيرة‬baṣīra pl. ‫( بصائر‬keen) insight,
penetration, discernment, understanding,
(power of) mental perception, mental
vision│‫ عن بصيرة‬deliberately, knowingly;
‫ كان على بصيرة من‬to have insight into s.th.,
be informed about s.th.; ‫نافذ البصيرة‬
discerning, clear-sighted, perspicacious,
sharp-witted; ‫ نفاذ البصيرة‬nafād al.-b. sharp
discernment, perspicacity
‫ ابصر‬abṣar2 more discerning
‫ تبصرة‬tabṣira enlightenment; instruction,
information
‫ تبصر‬tabaṣṣur reflection, consideration;
penetration, clear-sightedness,
perspicacity
‫ باصرة‬bāṣira pl. ‫ بواصر‬bawāṣir2 eye
2
‫ البصرة‬al-baṣra Basra (port in S Iraq)
‫ بصق‬baṣaqa u to spit (‫ على‬on s.o.)
‫ بصقة‬baṣqa (n. vic.) expectoration;
(expectorated) spit, spittle, saliva
‫ بصاق‬buṣaq spit, spittle, saliva
‫ مبصقة‬mibṣaqa spittoon, cuspidor
‫ بصل الفار‬b. al-fa’r sea onion (Scilla verna)
‫ بصلى‬baṣālī bulbous
‫ بصيلة‬buṣaila pl. -āt, ‫ بصيلة الشعر‬b. aš-
ša‘r bulb of the hair (anat.)
‫ بصم‬baṣama u (baṣm) to print, imprint (‫ھـ‬
s.th.); to stamp (‫ ھـ‬s.th.); to make, or leave,
an imprint (‫ ھـ‬on)
‫ بصمة‬baṣma pl. baṣamāt imprint,
impression│ ‫بصمة الختم‬b. al-ḳatm stamp
imprint, stamp; ‫ بصمة االصابع‬fingerprint
‫ بصوة‬baṣwa embers
‫ بض‬baḍḍ tender-skinned
‫ بضع‬baḍa‘a a (baḍ‘) to cut, slash or slit open (
‫ ھـ‬s.th.); to cut up, carve up, dissect,
anatomize ( s.th.); to amputate (surg.) II to
cut up, carve up, dissect, anatomize III to
sleep (‫ ھا‬with a woman) IV to invest
 capital (‫ )ھـ‬profitably in a commercial
enterprise V pass. of n; to trade; to shop,
make purchase X to trade 61
‫ بضع‬baḍ‘ amputation
‫ بضع‬biḍ‘ (commonly, with genit. pl. of
f. nouns, ‫ بضعة‬with genit. pl. of m. nouns;
in classical Arabic ‫ بضع‬with both genders)
some, a few, several
‫ بضعة‬biḍ‘a pl. ‫ بضائع‬baḍā’i‘ piece (of
meat); meat; see also biḍ‘ above
‫ بضع‬buḍ‘ vulva
‫ بضاعة‬biḍā‘a pl. ‫ بضائع‬baḍā’i2 goods,
merchandise, wares, commodities; that
which s.o. has to offer, which he has to
&how, with which he is endowed (also
attributes, qualities)│ ‫ قطار البضاعة‬freight
train; ‫ اخرج ما عنده من بضاعة‬he said what he
had intended to say
‫ مبضع‬mibḍa‘ pl. ‫ مباضع‬mabāḍi‘2
dissecting knife, scalpel
‫ ابضاع‬ibḍā‘ mandate for the
management of affairs (lsl. Law);
partnership in a limited company, capital
investment
‫ مبضع‬mubḍi‘ pl. -ūn limited partner
(com.)
‫ مستبضع‬mustabḍi‘ manager, managing
agent (Isl. Law)
‫ بط‬baṯṯ (n. un. ‫ )ة‬duck; ‫ بطة‬baṯṯa leather flask│
‫ بطة الساق‬calf (of the leg)
‫ بطؤ‬baṯu’a u (‫ بطء‬buṯ’, ‫ بطاء‬biṯā’, ‫ بطاءة‬baṯa’a)
to he slow; to he slowgoing, slow-footed,
slow-paced; to tarry, linger, wait, hesitate
II to retard, slow down, delay, hold up (‫ب‬
‫ على‬s.o. in s.th.) IV to slow down,
decelerate, retard, delay, hold up (‫ ھـ‬s.th.);
to he slow, go or drive slowly, slow down;
to be late (‫ عن‬for s.th., in meeting s.o.),
keep s.o. (‫ )عن‬waiting V to be slow, tardy
(‫ فى‬in) VI to he slow, leisurely, unhurried;
to go, drive, act or proceed slowly,
leisurely; to he slowgoing, slow-footed,
slow-paced; to slow down X to find slow (
‫ ه‬،‫ ھـ‬s.o., s.th.); to have to wait a long time
(‫ ه‬for s.o.), be kept waiting (‫ ه‬by s.o.)
‫ بطء‬buṯ’ slowness, tardiness│ ‫ببطء‬
slowly, leisurely, unhurriedly
‫ بطئ‬baṯI’ pl. ‫ بطاء‬biṯā’ slow, unhurried;
slowgoing, slow-footed, slow-paced;
tardy, late; sluggish, lazy; slow, gradual,
imperceptible│O ‫ بطىء التردد‬b. at-
taraddud of low frequency (el.)
‫ ابطأ‬abṯa’2 slower│ ‫ابطأ من غراب نوح‬
(gurābi nūḥ) tardier than Noah’s raven,
i.e., slower than a ten years’ itch
(proverbially of s.o. who ia very tardy)
‫ ابطاء‬ibṯā’ slowing down, retardation,
deceleration, reduction of speed; tarrying,
delay; slowness│ ‫ دون ابطاء‬without delay
‫ تباطؤ‬tabātu’ slowness; slowing down,
retardation
‫ بطارية‬baṯṯārīya pl. -āt battery (el. and mil.)
‫ بطاطا‬baṯāṯā, ‫ بطاطا‬baṯāṯā sweet potato, yam
‫ بطاطس‬baṯāṯis potatoes
‫ بطاقة‬see ‫بطق‬
‫ بطبط‬baṯbaṯa (‫ بطبطة‬baṯbaṯa) to quack (duck)
‫ بطح‬baṯaḥa a (baṯḥ) to prostrate, lay low, fell,
throw to the ground, throw down (‫ ه‬،‫ھـ‬
s.o., s.th.) V and VII to he prostrated, be
laid low; to lie prostrate, sprawl, stretch
out; to extend, stretch; to lie
‫ ابطح‬abṯaḥ2 flat, level; (pl. ‫ اباطح‬abāṯiḥ2)
basin-shaped valley, wide bed of a wadi
‫ بطحاء‬baṯḥā’ pl. ‫ بطاح‬biṯāḥ, ‫بطحاوات‬
baṯḥawāt basin-shaped valley; plain, level
land, flatland, open country; (tun.) public
square
‫ بطيحة‬baṯīḥa pl. ‫ بطائح‬baṯā’iḥ wide bed of
a stream or wadi; a stagnant, shallow and
broad body of water
‫ منبطح‬munbaṯiḥ prostrate; flat, level;
level land, plain 62
‫ بطيخ‬biṯṯīḳ, baṯṯīḳ (n. un. ‫ )ة‬melon, water-
melon; baṯṯīḳ hub (of a wheel; syr.)
‫ مبطخة‬mabṯaḳa melon patch
1
‫ بطر‬baṯira a (baṯar) to be wild, wanton,
reckless; to be proud, vain; to be
discontented (‫ ھـ‬with s.th.); to disregard (‫ھـ‬
s.th.) IV to make reckless
‫ بطر‬baṯar wantonness, cockiness,
arrogance, hubris, pride, vanity
 ‫ اباطرة‬abāṯira (pl.) bona vivants,
playboys, epicures
2
‫ البطراء‬al-baṯrā’ Petra (ancient city of
Edomites and Nabataeans; ruins now in
SW Jordan)
‫ بطرخ‬baṯraḳ pl. ‫ بطارخ‬baṯāriḳ2 roe (of fish)
‫ بطرس‬buṯrus Peter
‫ بطرشيل‬baṯrašīl and ‫ بطرشين‬baṯrašīn stole
(Chr.)
‫ بطريق‬biṯrīq pl. ‫ بطارقة‬baṯāriqa, ‫ بطاريق‬baṯārīq2
patrician; Romaean general; penguin
(zool.)
‫ بطرك‬baṯrak, ‫ بطريك‬baṯrīk, ‫ بطريرك‬baṯriyark pl.
‫ بطاركة‬baṯārika Patriarch (as. an
ecclesiastic title, Chr.)
‫ بطركية‬baṯrakīya, ‫ بطريركية‬baṯriyarkīya
patriarchate (Chr.)
‫ بطش‬baṯaša i u (baṯš) to attack with violence;
to bear down on, fall upon s.o. (‫ ب‬or ‫;)فى‬
to knock out (‫ ه‬s.o.); to hit, strike (‫ ب‬s.th.).
land with a thud (‫ ب‬on)
‫ بطش‬baṯš strength, power, force,
violence; courage, valor, bravery;
oppression, tyranny
‫ بطشة‬baṯša impact
‫ بطاقة‬biṯāqa pl. –āt, ‫ بطائق‬baṯā’iq2 slip (of
paper), tag; card, calling card; ticket;
label│ ‫بطاقة الزيارة‬calling card; ‫بطاقة شخصية‬
(šaḳṣīya) and ‫ بطاقة التعريف‬identity card;
‫ بطاقة المواد الغذائية‬b. al-mawādd al-gidā’īya,
‫ بطاقة التموين‬food ration card; ‫ بطاقة المعايدة‬b.
al-mu‘āyada greeting card
1
‫ بطل‬baṯala u (buṯl, ‫ بطالن‬buṯlān) to be or
become null, void, invalid, false,
untenable, vain, futile, worthless; to be
abolished, fall into disuse, become
obsolete; to cease, stop, be discontinued;
to be inactive. be oat of work II to thwart,
foil, frustrate, make ineffective counteract,
neutralize, nullify, invalidate (‫ ھـ‬s.th.); to
abolish, cancel, annul, suppress (‫ ھـ‬s.th.)
IV = II; to talk idly, prattle; to paralyze,
immobilize, hold down, pin down (‫ ه‬the
opponent)
‫ بطل‬buṯl nullity; uselessness, futility.
vanity; falsity, falseness, untruth
‫ بطالة‬biṯāla and baṯāla idleness,
inactivity; free time, time off, holidays,
vacations; unemployment
‫ بطال‬baṯṯāl pl. –ūn idle, inactive;
unemployed, out of work
‫ بطالن‬buṯlān nullity; uselessness, futility,
vanity; falsity, untruth; invalidity
‫ ابطال‬ibṯāl thwarting, frustration,
invalidation; ruin, destruction; abolition,
cancellation
‫ باطل‬bāṯil nugatory, vain, futile; false,
untrue; absurd, groundless, baseless;
worthless; invalid, null, void; deception,
lie, falsehood; ‫ بالباطل‬and ‫ باطال‬bāṯila
falsely; futilely, in vain; pl. ‫ اباطيل‬abāṯīl2
vanities, trivialities, trifles, flimflam, idle
talk, prattle
‫ مبطل‬mubṯil prattler, windbag; liar
‫ مبطل‬mubṯal nugatory, futile, vain
‫ متبطل‬mutabaṯṯil unemployed
2
‫ بطل‬baṯula u (‫ بطالة‬baṯāla, ‫ بطولة‬buṯūla) to be
brave, be heroic, be a hero
‫ بطل‬baṯal pl. ‫ ابطال‬abṯāl brave, heroic; hero;
champion, pioneer; hero, protagonist (of a
narrative, etc.), lead, star 63 (of a play);
champion (athlet.)│ ‫ بطل العالم‬b. Al-‘alam
world champion
‫ بطلة‬baṯala heroine (of a narrative),
female lead, star (of a play); woman
champion (athlet..)
‫ بطالة‬baṯāla bravery, valor, heroism
‫ بطولة‬buṯūla bravery, valor, heroism;
leading role, starring role (theater, film);
championship (athlet.)│ ‫البطولة العالمية‬
(‘ālamīya) and ‫ بطولة العالم‬b. al-‘ālam world
championship (athlet.); ‫ دور البطولة‬the part
or role of the hero, leading role
‫ بطالسة‬baṯālisa Ptolemies
‫ بطم‬buṯm, buṯūm terebinth (bot.)
1
‫ بطن‬baṯana u (baṯn, ‫ بطون‬bulan) to he hidden,
concealed, to hide; -- baṯuna u (‫بطانة‬
baṯāna) to be paunchy II to line (‫ ھـ‬a
garment, ‫ ب ھـ‬s.th. with); to cover the
inside (‫ ب ھـ‬of s.th. with), hang, face, fill (
‫ ب ھـ‬s.th. with) IV to hide, conceal, harbor
(‫ ھـ‬s.th.) V to be lined, have a lining
(garment); to penetrate, delve (‫ ھـ‬into),
become absorbed, engrossed (‫ ھـ‬in) X to
penetrate, delve (‫ ھـ‬into), become
absorbed, engrossed (‫ ھـ‬in); to try to
fathom (‫ ھـ‬s.th.); to fathom (‫ ھـ‬s.th.), get to
the bottom of (‫ ;)ھـ‬to have profound
knowledge (‫ ھـ‬of s.th.), know thoroughly,
know inside out (‫ ھـ‬s.th.)
‫ بطن‬baṯn pl. ‫ بطون‬buṯūn, ‫ ابطن‬abṯun
belly, stomach, abdomen; womb; interior,
inside, inner portion; depth│ ‫ بطن القدم‬b.
al-qadam sole of the foot; ‫ بطن الكف‬b. al-
kaff palm of the hand; ‫ رقص البطن‬and ‫رقص‬
‫ البطون‬raqṣ al-b. belly dance; ‫فى بطن‬
(baṯni) in, within, in the midst of; ‫فى بطون‬
inside, within, in; ‫( ولدت بطنا واحدا‬waladat)
‫ بعث‬ba‘ata a (ba‘t) to send, send out, dispatah
she gave birth only once; ‫( بطنا لظھر‬li-
ẓahrin) upside down
‫ بطنى‬baṯnī ventral, abdominal
‫ بطن‬baṯin paunchy
‫ بطنة‬biṯna gluttony; overeating,
indigestion
‫ بطان‬biṯān pl. ‫ ابطنة‬abṯina girth (of a
camel)
‫ بطانة‬biṯāna pl. ‫ بطائن‬baṯā’in2 inside,
inner side; lining (of a garment); retinue,
suite, entourage│ ‫ فى بطانة‬among, amidst;
within
‫ بطين‬baṯīn pl. ‫ بطان‬biṯān and ‫مبطان‬
mibṯān, paunchy, fat, corpulent, stout;
gluttonous
‫ بطين‬buṯain ventricle (of the heart; anat.)
‫ بطانية‬baṯṯānīya pl. -āt, ‫ بطاطين‬baṯāṯīn2
cover; blanket; quilt
‫ باطن‬bāṯin pl. ‫ بواطن‬bawāṯin2 inner,
interior, inward, inmost, intrinsic; hidden,
secret; ‫ الباطنة‬coastal plain of E Oman; ‫باطنا‬
bāṯinan inwardly, secretly│ ‫ باطن الكف‬b.
al-kaff palm of the hand; ‫ باطن القدم‬b. al-
qadam sole of the foot; ‫ فى باطن االمر‬at
bottom, after all, really; ‫ بواطن االمر‬the
factors, circumstances or reasons at the
bottom of s.th.; ‫ بواطن االرض‬b. al-arḍ the
secret depths of the earth
‫ باطني‬bāṯinī internal│ ‫مرض باطني‬
(maraḍ) internal disease; ‫( الطب الباطني‬ṯibb)
internal medicine
‫ الباطنية‬al-bāṯinīya name of a school of
thought in Islam, characterized by
divining a hidden, secret meaning in the
revealed texts
‫ مبطون‬mabṯūn affected with a gastric or
intestinal ailment
‫ مبطن‬mubaṯṯan lined; filled (‫ ب‬with)
2
‫ بطن‬II (tun.) to full (‫ ھـ‬s.th.)
‫( باطان‬Span. batán) bāṯān fulling mill
‫ باطية‬bāṯiya pl. ‫ بواط‬bawāṯin pitcher, jug
‫ بظ‬baẓẓa u to spout, gush out, well out
‫ بظر‬baẓr pl. ‫ بظور‬buẓur clitoris (anat.) 64
‫ بعبع‬bu‘bu‘ pl. ‫ بعابع‬ba‘ābi‘2 bugaboo, bogey
(‫ الى ب‬or ‫ ه‬،‫ ھـ‬s.o. or s.th. to); to forward (
‫ الى ب‬or ‫ ھـ‬s.th. to); to delegate (‫ ب‬or ‫ه الى‬
s.o. to); to emit (‫ ب‬or ‫ ھـ‬s. th.); to evoke,
arouse, call forth, awaken (‫ ھـ‬s.th.); to stir
up, provoke, bring on (‫ ھـ‬s.th.); to revive,
resuscitate (‫ ھـ‬s.th.); to resurrect (‫ ه‬s.o., ‫من‬
‫ الموت‬from death); to incite, induce (‫ على‬to
s.th.), instigate, (‫ على‬s.th.); to cause (‫على‬
s.th.; e.g., astonishment)│‫بعث اليه ھزة الخوف‬
(hazzat al-ḳauf) to scare the wits out of
s.o.; ‫( بعث روح الحياة في‬rūḥa l-ḥayāh) to
breathe life into s.th. or s.o., revive s.th.
VII to be Bent out, be emitted, be
dispatched, be delegated; to be triggered,
be caused, be provoked; to be resurrected
(‫ من الموت‬from death); to originate (‫ من‬in),
come (‫ من‬from), be caused (‫ من‬by); to
emanate (fragrance); to arise, spring,
proceed, develop (‫ من‬from), grow out of (
‫ ;)من‬to set out to do s.th. (with foll.
imperf.) VIII to send, dispatch (‫ ه‬s.o.)
‫ بعث‬ba‘t sending out, emission,
dispatching, delegation, etc.; resurrection;
pl. ‫ بعوث‬bu‘ūt delegations, deputations│
‫ حزب البعث‬ḥizb al-b. approx.: Renaissance
Party, a political party with strong
socialist tendencies; ‫ يوم البعث‬Day of
Resurrection (from the dead)
‫ بعثة‬ba‘ta pl. ba‘atāt delegation,
deputation, mission; expedition; student
exchange; group of exchange students;
revival, rebirth, renaissance, rise│ ‫بعثة‬
‫‘( عسكرية‬askarīya) military mission; ‫بعثة‬
‫ دبلوماسية‬diplomatic mission; ‫بعثة اثرية‬
(atarīya) archaeological expedition; ‫رئيس‬
‫ البعثة‬ra’īs al-b. chief of mission (dipl.)
 ‫ باعوث‬bā‘ūt Easter (Chr.)
‫ مبعث‬mab‘at sending, forwarding,
dispatch; emission; awakening, arousal; --
(pl. ‫ مباعث‬mabā‘it2) cause; factor
‫ باعث‬bā‘it pl. ‫ بواعث‬bawā‘it2 incentive,
inducement, motive, spur, reason, cause,
occasion
‫ مبعوث‬mab‘ūt dispatched, delegated;
envoy, delegate; representative, deputy (in
the Ottoman Empire)
‫ منبعث‬munba‘at source, point of origin
‫ بعثر‬ba‘tara (‫ بعثرة‬ba‘tara) to scatter, strew
around, fling about (‫ ھـ‬s.th.); to disarrange,
throw into disorder (‫ ھـ‬s.th.); to squander,
waste, dissipate (‫ ھـ‬s.th.) II tabatara pass.
‫ مبعثر‬muba‘tar scattered, widespread
‫ بعج‬ba‘aja a (ba‘j) to slit open (‫ ھـ‬the belly); to
groove, dent, notch (‫ ھـ‬s.th.) VII to have
indentations or notches; to be bruised,
dented, bumpy; to get battered
‫ منبعج‬munba‘ij notched, indented
‫ بعد‬ba‘uda u (bu'd) to be distant, far away, far
off; to keep away, keep one’s distance (‫عن‬
from); to go far beyond (‫)عن‬, exceed by
far (‫ عن‬s.th.); to be remote, improbable,
unlikely│‫ بعد به عن‬he kept him away from;
‫ ال يبعد ان‬it is not unlikely that ... II to
remove (‫ ه‬s.o.); to banish, exile, expatriate
(‫ ه‬s.o.) III to cause a separation (‫بين‬
between)│‫ باعد بين فالن وبين الشيء‬to prevent
s.o. from attaining s.th.; ‫باعد بين اجفانه‬
(ajfānihī) to stare wide-eyed IV to remove
(‫ ھـ‬s.th.); to take away (‫ ھـ‬s.th.); to
eliminate (‫ ھـ‬s.th.), do away with (‫ ;)ھـ‬to
send away, dismiss (‫ ه‬s.o.); to expatriate,
banish, exile (‫ ه‬s.o.); to exclude, make
unlikely, improbable, impossible (‫ ھـ‬s.th.);
to go or move far away; to go very far (‫فى‬
in or with s.th.) VI to be separated, lie
apart, lie at some distance from one
another; to separate, part company,
become estranged; to move away, go
away, withdraw, depart (‫ عن‬from); to keep intervals VIII to move or go away; to keep
away, keep one’s distance (‫ عن‬from); to away, withdraw (‫ عن‬from); to quit, leave,
quit, leave, avoid (‫ عن‬s.th.); to follow in avoid (‫ عن‬s.th.); to leave out of
regular 65 consideration, disregard (‫ عن‬s.th.) X to
single out, set aside (‫ ھـ‬s.th.); to think
remote, farfetched (‫ ھـ‬s.th.); to regard as
unlikely (‫ ھـ‬s.th.); to disqualify (‫ ه‬s.o.)
 ‫ بعد‬bu‘d remoteness, farness; (pl. ‫ابعاد‬
ab‘ād) distance; dimension; interval
(mus.)│ ‫ على بعد‬and ‫ على البعد‬in the distance,
far off; ‫ على بعد مئة متر‬at a distance of 100
meters; ‫ عن بعد‬and ‫ من بعد‬from a distance,
from afar; ‫ ذو ثالثة ابعاد‬three-dimensional;
‫ قياس االبعاد‬qiyās al-a. linear measure; ‫بعد‬
‫ الھمة‬b. al-himma high aspirations,
loftiness of purpose; ‫ بعد الشقة‬b. aš-šiqqa
wide interval, wide gap; ‫ بعد الصيت‬b. aṣ-ṣīt
renown, fame, celebrity; ‫ بعد الصوت‬b. aṣ-
ṣaut do.; ‫ بعد النظر‬b. an-naẓar far
sightedness, foresight; ‫ بعدا‬bu‘dan li away
with ... !
‫ بعد‬ba‘du then, thereupon; afterwards,
later, after that, in the following; still,
yet│ ‫ فيما بعد‬afterwards, later; ‫ اما بعد‬see 1‫اما؛‬
‫ ھو بعد صغير‬he is only a small boy, be is
still young; ‫( لم يأت بعد‬ya’ti) he hasn’t come
yet
‫ بعد‬ba‘da (prep.) after; in addition to,
beside; aside from│ ‫ بعد كونه‬... (kaunihī)
aside from the fact that he is ... ; ‫بعد ذلك‬
afterwards, after that, later (on); besides,
moreover; ‫ بعد ذاك‬besides, moreover; ‫بعد ان‬
ba‘da an (conj.) after; ‫( اذ‬id), ‫ بعد ما‬and ‫من‬
‫( بعد ما‬ba‘di) do.; ‫( سفه ما بعده سفه‬safahun)
the height of stupidity
‫ بعدئذ‬ba‘da’idin then, thereafter,
thereupon, after that, afterwards
‫ بعيد‬ba‘īd pl. ‫ بعداء‬bu‘adā’, ‫ بعد‬bu‘ud,
‫ بعدان‬ba‘dān, ‫ بعاد‬bi‘ād distant, far away,
fur (or from); remote, outlying, out-of-the-
way; far-reaching, extensive; farfetched,
improbable, unlikely; unusual, strange,
odd, queer; incompatible, inconsistent (‫عن‬
with)│ ‫ من بعيد‬from afar, from a distance;
‫‘( منذ عھد بعيد‬ahd) along time ago; ‫بعيد االثر‬
b. al-atar of far-reaching consequence; ‫بعيد‬
‫ التاريخ‬remote in time, going way back in
history, ancient; ‫ بعيد الشأر‬b. aš-ša’w high-
minded, bold; ‫ بعيد الشقة‬b. aš-šiqqa far
apart; ‫ بعيد الغور‬b. al-gaur deep;
unfathomable; ‫ بعيد المدى‬b. al-madā long-
distance, long-range; extensive, far-
reaching; ‫ بعيد النظر‬b. an-naẓar farsighted;
farseeing; ‫ بعيد المنال‬b. al-manāl hardly
attainable, hard to get at; ‫ ذھب بعيدا‬to go far
away, go to distant land.; ‫ تطلع الى بعيد‬to
look off into the distance
‫ بعيد‬bu'aida (prep.) shortly after, soon
after
‫ ابعد‬ab‘ad2 pl. ‫ اباعد‬abā‘d2 farther,
remoter, more distant; more extensive;
less likely, more improbable; pl. ‫اباعد‬
abā‘d2 very distant relative│‫الشرق االبعد‬
(šarq) the Far East; ‫ االبعد‬the absent one
(used as a polite periphrasis for s.o. who is
being criticized or blamed for s.th.; also
when referring to the 1st and 2nd persons)
‫ ابعادية‬ab‘adīya pl. -āt country estate
‫ تبعيد‬tab‘īd banishment
‫ بعاد‬bi‘ād distance
‫ مباعدة‬mubā‘ada sowing of dissension,
estrangement, alienation
‫ ابعاد‬ib‘ād removal, separation, isolation;
elimination; expatriation, banishment,
deportation
‫ تباعد‬tabā‘ud interdistance; mutual
estrangement
‫ مبعد‬mub‘ad deported; deportee
‫ متباعد‬mutabā‘id separate│ ‫في فترات‬
‫( متباعدة‬fatarāt) in wide intervals; ‫في فترات‬
‫( متباعدة من الزمن‬zaman) at infrequent
intervals, from time to time
‫ مستبعد‬mustab‘ad improbable, unlikely
66
1
‫ بعر‬ba‘r, ba‘ar, droppings, dung (of animals)
2
‫ بعير‬ba‘īr pl. ‫ ابعرة‬ab‘ira, ‫ بعران‬bu‘ran, ‫اباعر‬
abā‘ir2, ‫ بعارين‬ba‘ārīn2 camel
‫ بعزق‬ba‘zaqa (‫ بعزقة‬ba‘zaqa) to scatter,
dissipate, squander, waste (‫ ھـ‬s.th.)
‫ مبعزق‬muba'ziq squanderer, spendthrift,
wastrel
‫ بعض‬II to divide into parts or portions (‫ ھـ‬s.th.)
V to be divided, be divisible
‫ بعض‬ba‘ḍ part, portion; one; some, a
few; a little of, some of│ ‫ بعض العلماء‬b.
al-‘ulamā’ one (or Borne) of the scholars;
‫( رفعنا بعضھم فوق بعض‬rafa‘na) we have
exalted some of them above the others;
‫ البعض—البعض اآلخر‬some—some, a few
others; ‫ بعضھم بعضا‬one another, each other,
mutually, reciprocally; ‫ بعضه فى بعض‬one in
the other, within one another; ‫بعض الشيء‬
ba‘ḍa š-šai’ to some extent, somewhat, a
 little, rather; ‫( ماثلة بعض المماثلة‬ba‘ḍa l-m.)
he resembled him somewhat, to some
extent; ‫( منذ قرن وبعض قرن‬qarn) for the last
hundred years and more
‫ بعوض‬ba‘ūḍ (n. un. ‫ )ة‬gnats, mosquitoes
‫ تبعيض‬tab‘īḍ division, partition.
portioning
‫ بعكوكة‬bu‘kūka club, society
‫ بعل‬ba‘l the god Baal; land or plants thriving
on natural water supply; -- (pl. ‫ بعول‬bu‘ū,
‫ بعولة‬bu‘ūla) lord; husband
‫ بعلة‬ba'w wife
‫ بعلى‬ba‘l, unirrigated (land. plants)
‫ بعلبك‬ba‘lbakk2 Baalbek (ancient Heliopolis,
village in E Lebanon)
‫ بغت‬bagata a (bagt, ‫ بغتة‬bagta) to come
unexpectedly, descend unawares (‫ ه‬upon
s.o.) III do.; to surprise (. s.o.) VII to be
taken by surprise; to be taken aback, be
aghast, he nonplused
‫ بغتة‬bagta surprising event, surprise;
bagtatan, ‫ على بغتة‬bagtatin all of a sudden,
suddenly, surprisingly
‫ مباغتة‬mubāgata sudden arrival,
surprising incident or event, surprise;
sudden attack, raid
‫ بغاث‬bugāt pl. ‫ بغثان‬bigtan small birds
‫ بغادة‬see ‫بوغادة‬
‫ بغدد‬II tabagdada to swagger, throw one's
weight around, be fresh (properly, to
behave like one from Baghdad)
2
‫ بغداد‬bagdād Baghdad
‫ بغدادى‬bagdādī pl. -ūn, ‫ بغاددة‬bagādida a
native of Baghdad
1
‫ بغش‬bagaša a: ‫( بغشت السماء‬samā’u) there was
a light shower
‫ بغشة‬bagša light rain shower
2
‫ بغشة‬bugša = ‫بقشة‬
3
‫ بغاشة‬bagāša stuffed pastry made of flour,
eggs and butter
‫ بغض‬bagiḍa a, baguḍa u (bugḍ, ‫ بغاضة‬bagāḍa)
to be hated, hateful, odious II to make (‫ه‬
s.o.) hateful (‫ الى‬to s.o.) III to loathe,
detest, hate (‫ ه‬s.o.) IV to loathe, detest,
hate (‫ ه‬s.o.) VI to hate each other
‫ بغض‬bugḍ, ‫ بغضة‬bigḍa and ‫بغضاء‬
bagḍā’2 hatred, hate
‫ بغيض‬bagīḍ, hateful, odious (‫ الى‬to s.o.),
loathsome, abominable
‫ تباغض‬tabāguḍ mutual hatred
‫ مبغوض‬mabgūḍ detested, hateful, odious
‫ مبغض‬mubgiḍ pl. -ūn hater; -- mubgaḍ
detested, hateful, odious
‫ بغل‬bagl pl. ‫ بغال‬bigāl, ‫ ابغال‬abgal mule; ‫بغلة‬
bagla pl. bagalāt female mule│ ‫بغال القنطرة‬
b. al-qanṯara the piers of the bridge
‫ بغال‬baggāl pl. -ūn mule driver, muleteer
67
‫ بغى‬bagā i (‫ بغاء‬bugā’) to seek, desire, covet,
seek to attain (‫ ھـ‬s.th.), wish for s.th. (‫;)ھـ‬
-- (bagy) to wrong, treat unjustly (‫ على‬s.o.)
, to oppress (‫ على‬s.o.), commit outrage (
‫ على‬upon); to whore, fornicate VII ‫ ينبغى‬it
is desirable, necessary; it is proper,
appropriate, seemly, it ought to be, should
be; with ‫له‬: it behooves him, with ‫عليه‬: he
must, he should, he ought to VIII to seek,
desire (‫ ھـ‬s.th.), aspire (‫ ھـ‬to s.th.), strive (
‫ ھـ‬for)
‫ بغى‬bagy infringement, outrage,
injustice, wrong
‫ بغى‬bagīy pl. ‫ بغايا‬bagāyā whore,
prostitute
‫ بغية‬bugya object of desire, wish, desire,
bugyata (prep.) with the aim of, for the
purpose of
‫ بغاء‬bigā’ prostitution
‫ بغاء‬bugā’ wish(ing), desire, endeavor,
effort
‫ مبغى‬mabgan pl. ‫ مباغ‬mabāgin brothel
‫ مباغ‬mabāgin coveted things, desiderata,
wishes, desires
‫ ابتغاء‬ibtigā’ desire, wish; ibtigā’a
(prep.) for the purpose of
‫ باغ‬bāgin pl. ‫ بغاة‬bugāh desiring,
coveting, striving; committing outrages,
oppressive, unjust; oppressor, tyrant
‫ مبتغى‬mubtagan aspired goal, aspiration,
desire, endeavor, effort
‫ بفتة‬bafta calico, Indian cotton cloth
‫ بفتيك‬biftēk beefsteak
1
‫ بق‬baqq (n. un. ‫ )ة‬bedbug, chinch│‫شجرة البق‬
elm (bol.)
2
‫ بق‬baqqa u (baqq) to give off in abundance
‫ بقاق‬baqqāq garrulous, loquacious,
chatterbox, prattler
‫ بقبق‬baqbaqa (‫ بقبقة‬baqbaqa) to gurgle, bubble,
splutter, purl (water); to chatter, prattle
‫ بقباق‬baqbāq garrulous, loquacious,
chatterbox, prattler
‫ بقبوقة‬baqbūqa blister (of the skin)
‫ بقجة‬buqja pl. ‫ بقج‬buqaj bundle, pack, package
‫ بقدونس‬baqdūnis, baqdūnas parsley
‫ بقر‬baqara u to split open, rip open, cut open (
‫ ھـ‬s.th.) IV do.
‫ بقر‬baqar (coll.) bovines, cattle; n. un.
‫ بقرة‬baqara pl. -āt cow
‫ بقرى‬baqarī bovine, cattle-, cow- (in
compounds)
‫ بقار‬baqqār pl. ‫ ة‬cowhand, cowboy
‫ بقس‬baqs box, boxwood (bot.)
‫ بقسمات‬buqsumāt rusk, zwieback; biscuit
‫ بقشة‬buqša Yemenite copper coin
‫ بقشيش‬baqšīš pl. ‫ بقاشيش‬baqāšīš2 present of
money; tip, gratuity, baksheesh
‫ بقع‬II to spot, stain, smudge; (‫ ھـ‬s.th.) V to
become stained, get smudged; to be
spotted, stained
‫ بقعة‬buq‘a pl. ‫ بقع‬buqa‘, ‫ بقاع‬biqā‘ spot,
blot, smudge, stain; place, spot, site, plot.
patch, lot
‫ ابقع‬abqa‘2 spotted, speckled
‫ باقعة‬bāqi‘a pl. ‫ بواقع‬bawāqi‘ sly dog,
shrewd fellow
‫ بقل‬baqala u (baql) to sprout (plant)
‫ بقل‬baql (coll.; n. un. ‫ )ة‬pl. ‫ بقول‬buqūl, ‫ابقال‬
abqāl herbs, potherbs, greens, herbaceous
plants, specif., legumes│ ‫ الفصيلة البقلية‬the
Leguminosae; ‫ البقلة الباردة‬hyacinth bean
(Dolichos lablab L.), ‫( البقلة الحمقاء‬ḥamqā’)
purslane (bot.), ‫( البقلة الذھبية‬dahabīya)
garden orach (bot.), ‫بقلة الخطاطيف‬
celandine (bot.), ‫ بقلة الملك‬b. al-malik
common fumitory (bot.) 68
‫ بقال‬baqqāl pl. -ūn ‫ بقالة‬baqqāla
greengrocer; grocer
‫ بقالة‬biqāla the grocery business
‫ بقالوة‬baqlāwa, ‫ بقالوا‬a kind of Turkish delight,
pastry made of puff paste with honey and
almonds or pistachios
‫ بقام‬baqqām brazilwood
‫ بقي‬baqiya a (‫ بقاء‬baqā’) to remain, stay,
continue to be (‫ على‬in a state or condition);
to keep up, maintain (‫ على‬a state or
condition); to be left behind, be left over;
to last, continue, go on; (with foll. imperf.
or part.) to continue to do s.th., keep doing
s.th.; to become│‫( لم يبق طفال‬yabqa ṯiflan)
he is no longer a child II to leave, leave
over, leave behind (‫ ھـ‬s.th.) IV to make (‫ه‬
s.o.) stay; to retain, leave unchanged,
leave as it is, preserve, maintain, keep up (
‫ ھـ‬s.th.); to leave, leave over, leave behind
(‫ ھـ‬s.th. ‫ ه‬s.o.); to leave untouched, save,
spare (‫ على‬s.o., s.th., e.g., s.o.’s life) V to
remain, stay, continue to be (‫ على‬in a state
or condition); to be left, be left over X to
make stay, ask to stay, hold back, detain (‫ه‬
s.o.); to spare, save, protect (‫ ه‬s.o., ‫ھـ‬
s.th.); to preserve (‫ ھـ‬s.th.); to retain, keep
(‫ ھـ‬s.th.); to store, put away (‫ ھـ‬s.th.)
‫ بقية‬baqīya pl. ‫ بقايا‬baqāyā remainder,
rest; remnant, residue│ ‫ بقية الدول‬b. ad-
duwal the remaining countries, the rest of
the countries; ‫( البقية الباقية‬bāqiya) the last
remnant
‫ بقاء‬baqā’ remaining, staying, lingering,
abiding; continuation, continuance,
duration; survival, continuation of
existence after life; immortality, eternal
life; existence; permanence│‫ دار البقاء‬the
hereafter
‫ ابقى‬abqā more lasting. more durable.
more permanent; better preserving;
conducive to longer wear. better
protecting
‫ ابقاء‬ibqā’ continuation, retention;
maintenance, conservation, preservation│
‫ ابقاء الحالة على ما كانت عليه‬maintenance of the
status quo
‫ استبقاء‬istibqā’ continuation, retention;
maintenance, conservation, preservation
 ‫ باق‬bāqin staying; remaining; left;
remainder (arith.); lasting, continuing,
permanent, unending; surviving; living
on; everlasting, eternal (God)│ ‫الباقيات‬
‫ الصالحات‬the good works
‫ متبق‬mutabaqqin residue, remnant,
remainder, rest
‫ بك‬bē (Eg. pronunciation) pl. ‫ بكوات‬bakawāt,
‫ بھوات‬bahawāt bey (title of courtesy; cf.
‫)بيك‬
‫ بكوية‬bekawīya rank of a bey
‫ بكيء‬bakī’ pl. ‫ بكاء‬bikā’ having or giving little,
sparing (e.g., of words)
‫ بكاسين‬bikāsīn bécassine, snipe (zool.)
‫( بكالوريا‬Fr. baccalauréat) bakālōriyā
baccalaureate, bachelor’s degree
‫ بكالوريوس‬bakālōriyūs bachelor (academic
degree)
‫( بكباشى‬Turk. binbaşı) bimbāšī, bikbāšī major
(mil; formerly, Eg.)
‫ بكت‬to censure, blame (‫ ه‬s.o.)
‫ تبكيت‬tabkīt blame, reproach│ ‫تبكيت‬
‫ الضمير‬remorse
‫ بكتيرى‬baktērī bacterial, caused by bacteria
‫ بكتيريا‬baktēriyā bacteria
‫ بكر‬bakara u to set out early in the morning,
get up early; to come early (‫ الى‬to), be
early (‫ الى‬at) II do.; ‫ بكر فى‬and ‫ بكر ب‬with
foll. verbal noun: to do s.th. early,
prematurely, ahead of its time III to be
ahead of s.o. (‫)ه‬, anticipate, forestall (‫ه‬
s.o.) IV = I; VIII to be the first to take (‫ھـ‬
s.th.), be the first to embark (٦٩ ‫ ھـ‬on
s.th.); to deflower (‫ ھا‬a girl): to invent (‫ھـ‬
s.th.); to create, originate, start (‫ ھـ‬s.th.)
‫ بكر‬bakr pl. ‫ ابكر‬abkur, ‫ بكران‬bukrān
young camel
‫ بكر‬bikr pl. ‫ ابكار‬abkār first-born, eldest;
firstling: unprecedented, novel, new;
virgin; virginal
‫ بكرى‬bikrī first-born, first
‫ بكرية‬bikrīya primogeniture
‫ بكرة‬bakra and bakara pl. ‫ بكر‬bakar, -āt
reel; pulley (mech.); spool, coil; winch,
windlass│ ‫ خيط بكرة‬ḳaiṯ b. thread
‫ بكرة‬bakra: ‫‘ على بكرة ابيھم‬alā bakrati
abīhim, ‫ عن بكرة ابيھم‬and ‫ عن بكرتھم‬all
without exception, all of them, all
together; ‫ خرجت الجماھير عن بكرتھا‬the crowd
went forth as one man
‫ بكرة‬bukra pl. ‫ بكر‬bukar early morning;
‫ بكرة‬bukratan early in the morning;
tomorrow; on the following day, next day
‫ بكير‬bakīr coming early; early,
premature; precocious
‫ بكور‬bakūr and ‫ باكور‬bākūr coming early;
early, premature; precocious
‫ بكور‬bukūr earliness, prematureness,
premature arrival│ ‫‘( بكورى فى العود‬aud)
my early return
‫ بكارة‬bakāara virginity
‫ بكارة‬bakkāra pulley (mech.)│ ‫بكارة مركبة‬
(murakkaba) set of pulleys, block and
tackle
‫ بكورة‬bukūra and ‫ بكورية‬bukūrīya
primogeniture
‫ باكورة‬bakūra pl. ‫ بواكير‬bawākīr2
firstlings; first results, first fruits;
beginning, rise, dawn; (with foll. genit.)
initial, early, first; pl. ‫ بواكير‬first signs or
indications; initial symptoms; heralds,
harbingers (fig.)│ ‫ باكورة الفواكه‬early fruit;
‫ كان باكورة اعماله‬the first thing he did was...
‫ ابكر‬abkar2 rising earlier
‫ مبكر‬mibkār precocious
‫ ابتكار‬ibtikār pl. -āt novelty, innovation;
creation; invention; origination, first
production; initiative; creativity,
originality; pl. ‫ ابتكارات‬specif., creations of
fashion, fashion designs
‫ باكر‬bākir early; premature; ‫ باكرا‬bākiran
in the morning; early (adv.)│‫فى الصباح‬
‫( الباكر‬ṣabāḥ) early in the morning; ‫الى الباكر‬
till tomorrow
‫ باكرة‬bākira pl. ‫ بواكر‬bawākir2 firstlings,
first produce, early fruits, early
vegetables; pl. first indications or
symptoms, heralds, harbingers
‫ مبكر‬mubakkir doing early; early;│ ‫مبكرا‬
mubakkiran early in the morning, early
‫ مبتكر‬mubtakir creator; creative;
inventor; -- mubtakar newly created,
 novel, new, original; (pl. -āt) creation,
specif., fashion creation, invention│‫ثوب‬
‫( مبتكر‬taub) original design, model. dress
creation
‫ بكرج‬bakraj pl. ‫ بكارج‬bakārij2 kettle, coffee pot
‫ بكسماط‬،‫بكسماد‬, see ‫بقسمات‬
‫ بكل‬II to buckle, buckle up, button up (‫ ھـ‬s.th.);
to fold, cross (‫ ھـ‬the arms)
‫ بكلة‬bukla pl. ‫ بكل‬bukal, -āt buckle
‫( بكاله‬It. baccalá) bakalāh codfish
‫ بكلوريوس‬bakalōriyūs bachelor (academic
degree)
‫ بكم‬bakima a to be dumb: -- bakuma u to be
silent, hold one’s tongue IV to silence (‫ه‬
s.o.) V to become silent; to become dumb
‫ بكم‬bakam dumbness
‫ ابكم‬abkam2, f. ‫ بكماء‬bakmā’, pl. ‫ بكم‬bukm
dumb 70
‫ بكوات‬and ‫ بكوية‬see ‫بك‬
‫ بكى‬bakā i (‫ بكاء‬bukā’, ‫ بكى‬bukan) to cry, weep
(‫ على‬over); to bemoan, lament, bewail (‫ه‬
s.o.), mourn (‫ ه‬for) II and IV to make (‫ه‬
s.o.) cry X to move (‫ ه‬s.o.) to tears, make (
‫ ه‬s.o.) cry
‫ بكاء‬bakkā’ given to weeping frequently,
tearful, lachrymose
‫ حائط المبكى‬ḥā’iṯ al-mabkā the Wailing
Wall (in Jerusalem)
‫ باكية‬bākiya pl. ‫ بواك‬bawākin wailing-
woman, hired mourner; (eg.) arch, arcade
‫ باك‬bākin pl. ‫ بكاة‬bukāh weeping, crying;
weeper, wailer, mourner
‫ مبك‬mubkin, mubakkin, causing tears,
tearful; sad, lamentable, deplorable
‫ بكين‬bikīn Peking
1
‫ بل‬bal (also with foll. ‫ و‬wa-) nay, --rather... ;
(and) even; but, however, yet
2
‫ بل‬balla u (ball) to moisten, wet, make wet (‫ھـ‬
s.th., ‫ ه‬s.o.);--balla i to recover (‫من مرض‬
from an illness) II to moisten, wet, make
wet (‫ ھـ‬s.th., ‫ ه‬s.o.) IV to recover (‫من مرض‬
from an illness) V and VIII to be
moistened, be wetted; to become wet
‫ بل‬ball moistening, wetting; moisture
‫ بل‬bill recovery, convalescence,
recuperation
‫ بلة‬billa moisture, humidity│ ‫ما زاد الطين‬
‫ بلة‬mā zālda ṯ-ṯīna billatan what made
things even worse ...
‫ بل‬balal moisture, humidity; moistness,
dampness, wetness
‫ بليل‬balīl a moist, cool wind
‫ بليلة‬balīla (eg.) dish made of stewed
maize and sugar
‫ ابالل‬iblāl recovery, convalescence,
recuperation
‫ بل‬taballul moistness, dampness,
humidity
‫ مبلول‬mablūl, ‫ مبلل‬muballal, ‫ مبتل‬mubtall
moist, damp, wet
3
‫ بلى‬billī (from Fr. bille): ‫( كرسي بلى‬kursī) ball
bearing
‫ بال‬see 2‫ب‬
‫ پالتين‬،‫ بالتين‬blātī., plātīn platinum
‫( بالج‬Fr. plage) blāž beach
‫ بالجرا‬balagrā pellagra
‫ بالرج‬balāraj stork
‫( بالستيك‬Fr. p1astique) blāstīk plastik
‫ بالط‬see ‫بلط‬
‫( بالك‬Engl. plug) spark plug (ir.)
‫ بالنة‬,‫ بالن‬see ‫بلن‬
‫ بلبط‬balbaṯa to gurgle
1
‫ بلبل‬balbala to disquiet, make uneasy or
restive, stir up, rouse, disturb, trouble,
confuse (‫ ه‬s.o., ‫ ھـ‬s.th.) II tabalbala to feel
uneasy, be anxious; to be or become
confused, get all mixed up
‫ بلبلة‬balbala pl. ‫ بالبل‬balābil2 anxiety,
uneasiness, concern; confusion, muddle,
jumble, chaos
‫ بلبال‬balbāl anxiety, uneasiness, concern
‫ بالبل‬balabil2 anxieties, apprehensions
‫ تبلبل‬tabalbul muddle, confusion│‫بلبل‬
‫ االلسنة‬t. al-alsina confusion of tongues (at
the tower of Babel)
2
‫ بلبل‬bulbul pl. ‫ بالبل‬balabil2 nightingale
‫ بلج‬balaja u (‫ بلوج‬bulūj) to shine; to dawn
(morning, aurora); -- balija a (balaj) to be
happy, be glad (‫ ب‬about), be delighted (‫ب‬
at) IV to shine (sun) V and VII = balaja
‫ ابلج‬ablaj2 gay, serene, bright, clear, fair,
nice, beautiful
‫ انبالج الفجر‬inbilāj al-fajr daybreak
‫ بلجيكا‬beljīka Belgium
‫ بلجيكى‬beljīkī Belgian (adj. and n.)
‫ بلح‬balaḥ (coll.; n. un. ‫ )ة‬dates (bot.)
‫ بلد‬baluda u (‫ بالدة‬balada) to be stupid, idiotic,
dull-witted II to acclimatize, habituate (‫ھـ‬
s.th., to a country or region) V pass. of II;
to become .tupid, be.otted, lapse into a
state of idiocy; to show o.s. from the
stupid side VI to feign stupidity
‫ بلد‬balad m. and f., pl. ‫ بالد‬bilād country;
town, city; place, community, village; ‫بالد‬
country; ‫ بلدان‬buldān countries│ ‫بالد الحبش‬
b. al-ḥabaš Ethiopia; ‫ بالد الصين‬b. aṣ-ṣīn
China; ‫ بالد الھند‬b. al-hind India
‫ بلدة‬balda town, city; place, community,
village; rural community; township
‫ بلدى‬baladī native, indigenous, home (as
opposed to foreign, alien); (fellow)
citizen, compatriot, countryman; a native;
communal, municipal│ ‫( مجلس بلدى‬majlis)
city council, local council
‫ بلدية‬baladīya pl. -āt township,
community, rural community; ward,
district (of a city); municipality, municipal
council, local authority
2
‫ بليد‬balīd and ‫ ابلد‬ablad stupid, doltish,
dull-witted, idiotic
‫ بالدة‬balāda stupidity, silliness
‫ تبلد‬taballud idiocy, dullness, obtuseness,
apathy
‫ متبلد‬mutaballid besotted, dull, stupid
‫ ابليز‬look up alphabetically
‫ ابليس‬pl. ‫ ابالسة‬look up alphabetically
‫ بلسان‬ba1asān balsam, balm; balsam tree; black
older (bot.)
‫ بلسم‬balsam pl. ‫ بالسم‬balāsim2 balsam, balm
‫ بلسم‬balsamī balsamic, balmy
‫ بلشف‬balšafa to Bolshevize II tabalšafa to be
Bolshevized
‫ بلشفة‬balšafa Bolshevization
‫ بلشفى‬bulšifī pl. ‫ بالشفة‬balāšifa
Bolshevist(ic); Bolshevik, Bolshevist
‫ بلشفية‬bulšifīya Bolshevism
‫ بلشون‬balašūn heron (zool.)
1
‫ بلص‬balaṣa u (balš) and II to extort wring
forcibly (‫ من ه‬from s.o. s.th.); to blackmail
(‫ ه‬s.o.)
‫ بلص‬balṣ extortion, blackmail; forcible
imposition of taxes
2
‫ بالص‬ballāṣ pl. ‫ بالليص‬balālīṣ2 (eg.)
earthenware jar
1
‫ بلط‬II to pave (‫ ھـ‬s.th., with flagstones or tiles)
‫ بالط‬balāṯ pavement, tiled floor; floor
tiles; palace; pl. ‫ ابلطة‬abliṯa floor tiles│
‫( البالط الملكى‬malakī) the royal court; ‫حداد‬
‫ البالط‬ḥidād al-b. court mourning
‫ بالطة‬balāṯa floor tile; flagstone,
slabstone; paving stone
‫ تبليط‬tablīṯ paving, tile-laying
‫ مبلط‬muballaṯ paved, tiled
2
‫ بلوط‬ballūṯ oak; acorn
3
‫ بلطة‬balta pl. -āt, ‫ بلط‬bulaṯ ax
‫ بلطجى‬balṯajī pl. -īya engineer, sapper,
pioneer (mil.); gangster; procurer,
panderer, pimp; sponger, hanger-on,
parasite
4
‫ بلطة‬balaṯa balata gum
5
‫( بلطو‬Fr. paletot) balṯō pl. –āt, ‫ بالطى‬balāṯī
paletot, overcoat
6
‫ بلطى‬bulṯī bolti (Tilapia nilotica), a food fish
of the Nile
‫ بلطيق‬al-.balṯīq the Baltic countries│ ‫بحر البلطيق‬
baḥr al-b. the Baltic Sea
‫ بلوظة‬bālūẓa hand pres.; (eg.) a kind of cream
made of cornstarch, lemon juice and
honey, or the like
‫ بلع‬bala‘a and bali‘a a (bal‘) to swallow,
swallow up (‫ ھـ‬s.th.); to gulp down (‫ھـ‬
s.th.); to put up (‫ ھـ‬with s.th.), swallow,
stomach, brook (‫ ھـ‬s.th.)│ ‫( بلع ريقه‬rīqahū)
lit.: to swallow one’s saliva, i.e., to catch
 one’s breath, take a little rest, have a
break; to restrain o.s., hold back (said of
one in a rage) II and IV to make (‫ ه‬s.o.)
swallow (‫ ھـ‬s.th.)│ ‫( بلعه ريقه‬rīqahū) to
grant s.o. a short rest VIII = I
‫ بلعة‬bal‘a large bite, big gulp
‫ بالعة‬ballā‘a, ‫ بلوعة‬ballū‘a pl. –āt, ‫بالليع‬
ba1ālī‘2 sink, drain
‫ بالوعة‬bālū‘a pl. –āt, ‫ بواليع‬bawālī‘2
sewer, sink, drain
‫ بلعم‬bul‘um pl. ‫ بالعم‬balā‘im2 and ‫ بلعوم‬bul‘ūm
pl. ‫ بالعيم‬balā‘īm2 pharynx (anat.); ‫بلعوم‬
gullet, esophagus (anat.)
1
‫ بلغ‬balaga u (‫ بلوغ‬bulūg) to reach (‫ ه‬s.o. ‫ھـ‬
s.th.), get (‫ ه‬،‫ ھـ‬to), arrive (‫ ھـ‬at); to come,
amount (‫ ھـ‬to), be worth (‫ ھـ‬so and so
much); to come to s.o.’s (‫ )ه‬ears; to attain
puberty (boy); to ripen, mature (fruit, or
the like); to come of age; to exhaust, wear
out (‫ من‬s.o.); to act (‫ من‬upon s.o.), have its
effect (‫ من‬on), affect (‫ من‬s.o.); to go far (
‫ من‬،‫ فى‬in s.th.), attain a high degree (‫ من‬،‫فى‬
of s.th.)│ ‫بلغ به الى‬to make s.o. or s.th. get
to or arrive at, lead or take s.o. or s.th. to,
get s.o. or s.th. to the point where, ‫بلغ به‬
‫( الترنح ان‬tarannuḥ) he began to reel so
violently that ... ; ‫( بلغ االمر مبلغ الجد‬mablaga
l-jidd) the matter became serious; ‫بلغ السيل‬
‫ الزبى‬b. s-sailu z-zubā the matter reached a
climax, things came to a head; ‫بلغ مبلغ‬
‫( الرجال‬mablaga r-rijāl) to be sexually
mature, attain manhood, come of age; ‫بلغ‬
‫( اشده‬ašuddahū) to attain full maturity,
come of age; to reach its climax; ‫بلغ فى‬
‫( الشيء مبلغا‬mablagan) to attain a high
degree of s.th.; ‫حين بلغت بذكرياتي ھذا المبلغ‬
(ḥīna, dikrayātī, mablaga) when I had
come to this point in my reminiscences; ‫بلغ‬
‫( منه كل مبلغ‬kulla mablagin) to work havoc
on s.o.; ‫( بلغ منتھاه‬muntahāhū) to reach its
climax, come to a head II to make (‫ ه‬s.o.)
reach or attain (‫ ھـ‬s.th.); to take bring (‫الى‬
‫ ھـ‬s.th. to s.o.) see that s.th. (‫ )ھـ‬gets (‫الى‬
to); to convey, transmit, impart,
communicate, report (‫ ھـ ه‬to s.o. s.th.); to
inform, notify (‫ ھـ ه‬s.o. of s.th.), tell, let
know (‫ ھـ ه‬s.o. about); to report (‫ عن‬about),
give an account of (‫ ;)عن‬to inform (‫عن‬
against s.o.), report, denounce (‫ عن‬s.o.)│
‫ بلغ رسالة‬to fulfill a mission, ‫بلغه سالمى‬
ballighu salāmī give him my best regards!
III to exaggerate (‫ فى‬in s.th.); to overdo.
do too long (‫ فى‬s.th.); to go to greatest
lengths, do one’s utmost (‫ فى‬in) IV to
make (‫ ه‬،‫ ھـ‬s.o., s.th.) reach or attain (‫الى‬
s.th.); to make (‫ ھـ‬s.th.) amount (‫ الى‬to),
raise (‫ ھـ‬an amount, a salary, ‫ الى‬to); to
inform, notify (‫ ب‬or ‫ عن‬s.o. of s.th.), tell,
let know (‫ ب‬or ‫ عن ه‬s.o. about); to
announce, state, disclose (‫ ھـ‬s.th.); to
inform (‫ عن‬against s.o.), report, denounce
(‫ عن‬s.o.)│‫ ابلغ البوليس ب‬to report s.th. to the
police V to content o.s., be content (‫ب‬
with); to eke out an existence; to still
one’s hunger (‫ ب‬with), eat (‫ ب‬s.th.): to b.
delivered, be transmitted
‫ سمعا ال بالغا‬sam‘an lā balāgan! may it be
heard but not fulfilled, i.e. God forbid!
(used at the mention of s.th. unpleasant)
‫ بلغة‬bulga and ‫ بالغ‬balāg sufficiency,
competency, adequacy (see also 2 ‫بلغة‬
below)
‫ بالغ‬balāg pl. -āt communication,
information, message, report;
announcement, proclamation;
communiqué; statement; notification (of
the police)│‫ بالغ اخير‬ultimatum
‫ بليغ‬balīg pl. ‫ بلغاء‬bulagā’ eloquent;
intense, lasting, deep, profound (e.g., an
impression); serious, grave (e.g., an
injury)
‫ بلوغ‬bulūg reaching, attainment, arrival
(at); maturity, legal majority
‫ بالغة‬balāga eloquence; art, of good
style, art of composition; literature│ ‫علم‬
‫‘ البالغة‬ilm al-b. rhetoric
‫ ابلغ‬ablag2 intenser, deeper, more lasting;
more serious, graver
‫ مبلغ‬mablag pl. ‫ مبالغ‬mabālig2 amount,
sum of money; extent, scope, range; (see
also examples under ‫ بلغ‬I)│ ‫( مبلغ اسمى‬ismī)
nominal par; ‫( المبالغ المودعة‬mūda‘a) the
deposits (at a bank); ‫ليتبين مبلغ قولى من الجد‬
(li-yatabayyana, qaulī, jidd) in order to
find, out to what extent my words were
meant seriously
‫ تبليغ‬tablīg pl. -āt conveyance,
transmission, delivery (‫ الى‬to s.o.);
information (‫ عن‬about); report,
notification (‫ عن‬of); communication,
 announcement, notice│ ‫كتاب التبليغ‬
credentials
‫ مبالغة‬mubalaga pl. -āt exaggeration
‫ ابالغ‬iblāg conveyance, transmission
‫ بالغ‬bālig extensive, far-reaching;
considerable; serious (wound), deep,
profound, violent, vehement (feelings),
strong, intense; mature; of age, legally
major
‫ مبلغ‬muballig bearer (of news),
messenger; informer, denouncer; detective
2
‫ بلغة‬bulga, balga pl. -āt, bulag slipper of
yellow leather
‫ بلغاريا‬bulgāriyā Bulgaria
‫ بلغارى‬bugārī Bulgarian (adj. and n.)
2
‫ بلغم‬balgam phlegm; (pl. ‫ بالغم‬balagim )
expectoration, sputum
‫ بلغمى‬balgamī phlegmatic; phlegmy,
mucous
‫ بلف‬balafa i (balf) to bluff II do.
‫ بلف‬balf, ‫ بلفة‬balfa bluff
‫ ابلق‬ablaq2 piebald
‫ بلقيس‬bilqīs2 Muslim name of the Queen of
Sheba
‫ البلقان‬al-balqān the Balkans
‫ بلقانى‬balqānī Balkan
‫ بلقع‬balqa‘ and ‫ بلقعة‬balqa‘a pl. ‫ بالقع‬balāqi‘2
wasteland
‫ بلك‬see ‫بلوك‬
‫ بلكون‬balkōn balcony
1 IV to try, test, put to the test (‫ ھـ‬s.o.); to
‫ بلم‬balam anchovy
2
‫ بلم‬balam pl. ‫ ابالم‬ablām sailing barge (ir.)
3
‫ بلم‬IV to be silent, hold one's tongue
‫ بالن‬ballān bathhouse attendant; name of a
plant growing near stagnant waters
‫ بالنة‬ballāna female bathhouse attendant;
lady's maid
‫ بلنسية‬balansiya2 Valencia (region and city in E
Spain)
‫ بلين‬pl. ‫ باللين‬look up alphabetically
‫ بله‬baliha a to be stupid, simple-minded VI to
feign foolishness, pretend to be stupid X
to deem (‫ ھـ‬s.o.) stupid or simple-minded
‫ بله‬balah and ‫ بالھة‬balāha stupidity,
foolishness, simple-mindedness; idiocy,
imbecility│‫( بالھة مبكرة‬mubakkira)
dementia praecox
‫ بله‬balha let alone, not to speak of, not to
mention
‫ ابله‬ablah2 stupid, doltish, dull-witted;
idiotic
‫ بلھارسيا‬bilkarsiyā bilharziasis, schistosomiasis
(med.)
‫ بلھنية‬bulahniya abundance, wealth, variety (of
earthly possessions)
1
‫ بلھوان‬see ‫بھلوان‬
2
□ ‫ بلھون‬bulhōn pl. ‫ بالھين‬balāhīn2 (= ‫ابو الھول‬
eg.) sphinx
(‫ بلو‬and ‫ بلى( بال‬balā u (balw, ‫ بالء‬balā’) to test,
try, put to the test (‫ ھـ‬s.o., • s.tb.); to know
from long experience (‫ ھـ‬s.th.); to afltict (
‫ ھـ‬s.o.); -- ‫ بلى‬baliya a (‫ بلى‬bilan, ‫ بالء‬balā’)
to be or become old, worn, shabby
(clothes); to dwindle away, vanish; to
deteriorate, decline, become decrepit; to
disintegrate (a corpse), decay, rot, spoil III
to care, be concerned (‫ ب‬or ‫ ه‬,‫ ھـ‬about), be
mindful (‫ ب‬or ‫ ه‬,‫ ھـ‬of s.o., of s.th.); to pay
attention (‫ ب‬or ‫ ھـ‬to), mind, heed, take into
consideration, take into account (‫ ب‬or ‫ھـ‬
s.th.); to take notice (‫ ب‬of)│‫ ما ابالى‬mā
ubālī, ‫ ال ابالى‬I don’t care! I don’t mind! it's
all right with me! ‫( ال يبالى‬as a relat. clause)
unconcerned, heedless, careless, reckless
make experienced, harden, inure (‫ ه‬s.o.;
said of trials, experiences); to work havoc
(‫ ھـ‬on s.th.); to wear out (‫ ھـ‬s.th.) │‫ابلى بالء‬
‫( حسنا‬balā’an ḥasanan) to stand the test; to
prove o.s. brave (in war) VIII to try,
tempt, put to the test (‫ ھـ‬s.o.); to afflict (‫ب‬
‫ ه‬s.o. with), visit (‫ ب ه‬on s.o. s.th.); pass.
ubtuliya to become or be afflicted (‫ ب‬with,
by), suffer (‫ ب‬from)
‫ بلى‬bilan decline, deterioration; decay,
putrefaction, decomposition; worn
condition; wear; shabbiness
 ‫ بلي‬balīy worn, old, shabby, threadbare;
decrepit, dilapidated, decaying,
decomposed, rotten
‫ بلية‬balīya pl. ‫ باليا‬balāyā trial,
tribulation, visitation, affliction, distress,
misfortune, calamity
‫ بالء‬balā’ trial. tribulation, visitation,
affliction, distress, misfortune; scourge,
plague; creditable performance, bravery,
gallantry, heroic action│‫( بالء حسن‬ḥasan)
favor, blessing, grace (of God); good
performance
‫ بلوى‬balwā trial; tribulation, visitation,
affliction, distress, misfortune, calamity;
necessity, need│‫‘( عمت البلوى‬ammat) it has
become a general necessity
‫ مباالة‬mubālāh consideration, regard,
heed, attention│ ‫ال مباالة‬lā-mubālāh
indifference, unconcern, carelessness
‫ ابتالء‬ibtilā’ trial, tribulation, affliction,
visitation
‫ بال‬bālin old, worn, worn out; shabby,
threadbare, ragged, tattered; decrepit,
dilapidated; decayed, rotten; obsolete,
antiquated
‫ مبال‬mubālin observant, heedful, mindful
(‫ ب‬of)│ ‫غير مبال ب‬heedless of
‫ مبتلى‬mubtalan (less correctly ‫مبتل‬
mubtalin) afflicted (‫ ب‬with, by), suffering
(‫ ب‬from)
‫ بلور‬II tabalwara to crystalize; to be
crystalized; to be covered with crystals
‫ بلور‬ballūr, billaur pl. -āt crystal; crystal
glass, flint glass, glass│O ‫بلور صخرى‬
(ṣaḳrī) rock crystal, transparent quartz
‫ بلورة‬billaura (n. un.) pl. -āt crystal;
crystal glass, flint glass, glass; tube
(radio); crystal, quartz plate (of a
detector; radio); (syr., pronounced
ballōra) negative (phot.)
‫ بلورى‬ballūrī, billaurī crystalline; crystal
(adj.)
‫ بلورية‬ballūrīya, billaurīya pl. -āt lense
(opt.)
‫ مبلور‬mubalwar: ‫ فواكه مبلورة‬candied
fruits 75
‫( بلوز‬Fr. blouse) bəlūz, bəlūza pl. –āt blouse
‫( بلوك‬Turk. bölük) bulūk pl. -āt company (mil.;
Eg.)│ ‫بلوك امين‬b. amīn (mil.) approx.:
quartermaster sergeant (formerly, Eg.)
‫ بلون‬ballūn balloon
1
‫ بلى‬balā yes, yes indeed, certainly, surely
2
‫ بلى‬baliya etc., see ‫بلو‬
‫( بلياتشو‬It. paglaccio) palyatšō clown, buffoon
‫( بلياردو‬It. bigliardo) bilyardō billiards
‫ بليسيه‬bilīsēh plissé, pleating
1
‫ بلين‬ballīn pl. ‫ باللين‬balālīn2 pallium, liturgical
vestment of a bishop worn over the
chasuble (Chr.); monk's robe (Copt.·Chr.)
2
‫ بليون‬balyūn pl. ‫ باليين‬balayīn (U.S.) billion,
(G.B.) milliard; (U.S.) trillion, (G.B.)
billion
‫ بم‬bamm lowest string of a musical instrument
‫ بمباغ‬bumbāg, ‫ بمباغة‬bumbāga bow tie
‫ بمباى‬bombāy Bombay
‫ بامية‬look up alphabetically
1
‫ بن‬V ‫ تبنى‬to adopt as son (‫ ه‬s.o.); to adopt.
embrace (‫ ھـ‬s.th.)
‫ ابن‬ibn pl. ‫ ابناء‬abnā’, ‫ بنون‬banūn son;
descendant. scion; offspring, son (of a
nation or people)│ ‫ ابن آدم‬pl. ‫( بنو آدم‬son of
Adam) man, human being; ‫ ابن آوى‬ibn āwā
jackal; ‫ ابن البلد‬ibn a1-balad local
inhabitant, native; ‫ ابناء البلد‬natives, native
population; ‫ ابن الحرب‬ibn al-ḥarb warrior;
soldier; warlike, bellicose; ‫ابن السبيل‬
wayfarer, wanderer; ٥٠ ‫ ابن خمسين سنة‬years
old; ‫ ابن ساعته‬ibn sā‘atihī temporal,
transient, passing; ‫ ابن صلبه‬ibn ṣulbihī his
own son; ‫ ابن عرس‬ibn ‘irs weasel; ‫بنو ماء‬
‫ السماء‬banū mā’ as-samā’ the Arsbs; ‫بنو‬
‫ سويف‬Beni Suef (city in Egypt, S of Cairo)
‫ ابنة‬ibna and ‫ بنت‬bint pl. ‫ بنات‬banāt
daughter; ‫ بنت‬girl│ ‫ ابنة العم‬i. al-‘amm
(female) cousin; periphrastically for wife:
‫ ابنة عمك‬your wife; ‫ بنت الفك‬b. a1-fikr pl.
‫ بنات االفكار‬thought, idea; ‫ بنات االرض‬b. a1-
arḍ insects and worms; ‫ بنات بئس‬b. bi’s
calamities, afflictions; ‫ بنات الدھر‬b. ad-dahr
do.; ‫ بنت الشفه‬b. aš-šafa word; ‫ بنات الصدر‬b.
aṣ-ṣadr worries, fears, anxieties; ‫بنات وردان‬
b. wardāna earth worms, rainworms
‫ بني‬bunaiya my little son
 ‫ بنوة‬bunuwwa sonship, filiation
‫ بنوى‬banawi filial
‫ تبن‬tabannin adoption (also fig., e.g. of
ideas, principles, etc.)
2
‫ بن‬bunn coffee beans, coffee
‫ بنى‬bunnī coffee-colored, brown
‫ بنان‬banān finger tips│ ‫( يشار عليه ببنان‬yušāru
lit.: he is pointed at with fingers, i.e., he is
famous man; ‫ انا طوع بنانك‬anā tau‘a
banānika I am at your disposal, I am at
your service
‫ بنادورة‬banādōra (syr.; from It. pomodoro)
tomato(es)
2
‫ بنارس‬banāris Banaras or Benares (the Holy
City of the Hindus, in N India)
‫ بنباشى‬see ‫بكباشى‬
‫ بنت‬see 1 ‫بن‬
‫ بنتو‬bintū napoleon, louis d'or (gold coin of 20
francs)
‫ بنج‬II to dope, narcoticize (with banj; ‫ ه‬s.o.); to
anesthetize (. s.o.)
‫ بنج‬banj henbane (Hyoscyamus niger;
bot); an anesthetic, a narcotic
‫ البنجاب‬al-banjāb the Punjab (region, NW
Indian subcontinent)
‫ بنجر‬banjar red beet (eg.)
‫ بند‬band pl. ‫ بنود‬bunūd article, clause,
paragraph (of a. la.w, contract, etc.);
banner; large body of troops
‫ بندر‬bandar pl. ‫ بنادر‬banādir2 seaport;
commercial center; district capital (Eg.);
‫ بنادر‬see also under ‫ بنديرة‬below│ ‫بندر عباس‬
‘abbās Bandar Abbas (seaport in S Iran)
‫ بندورة‬look up alphabetically
‫ بندق‬bunduq (coll.; n. un. ‫ )ة‬pl. ‫ بنادق‬banādiq2
hazelnut(s), filberts; hazel, hazel tree; ‫بندقة‬
hazelnut, filbert; bullet
‫ بندقى‬bunduqī Venetian sequin
‫ بندقية‬bunduqīya pl. ‫ بنادق‬banādiq2 rifle,
gun│ ‫ بندقية رش‬b. rašš shotgun
‫ البندقية‬al.bunduqīya Venice
‫ بندقانى‬bunduqani pl. -ūn, ‫ بنادقة‬banādiqa
a Venitian
‫ بندوق‬bundūq pl. ‫ بناديق‬banādīq2 bastard
‫ بندورة‬banadōra (syr.; from It. pomodoro)
tomatoes
‫ احمر بندورى‬aḥmar2 banadōrī tomato-red
‫( بندول‬Fr. pendule) bandūl pendulum
‫( بنديرة‬Span. bandera) bandēra pl. ‫بنادر‬
banadir2 pennon, flag, banner
‫ بنور‬bannūr (= ‫ بلور‬ballūr) glass
‫ بنزھير‬banzahīr bezoar, bezoar stone
‫ بنزين‬banzīn, benzīn gasoline, benzine
‫( بنس‬Engl.) pence
‫ بنسلين‬benisilīn penicillin
‫( بنسيه‬Fr. pensée) banēh pansy (bot.)
‫ بنسيون‬bansiyōn pl. -āt boardinghouse;
boarding school
‫ بنصر‬binṣir f., pl. ‫ بناصر‬banāsir2 ring finger
‫ بنط‬bunṯ pl. ‫ بنوط‬bunūṯ point (stock market)
‫ بنطلون‬banṯalūn (from It. pantaloni) pl. –āt
trousers, pants
‫ بنغازى‬bangāzī Bengasi (city in NE Libya,
capital of Cyrenaica)
‫ البنغال‬al-bangāl Bengal (region, NE Indian
subcontinent)
‫ بنفسج‬banafsaj (coll.; n. un. ‫ )ة‬violet (bot.)
‫ بنفسجى‬banafsajī violetlike, violetish;
violet (adj.)│ ‫ فوق البنفسجى‬or ‫وراء البنفسجى‬
ultraviolet
‫ بنفش‬banfaš, banafš amethyst (min.)
‫ بنقة‬binaqa and ‫ بنيقة‬banīqa gore, gusset (of a
shirt or garment)
1
‫ بنك‬bunk root, core, heart, best part│ ‫بنك العمر‬
b. al-‘umr the prime of life, the best years
2
‫ بنك‬bank pl. ‫ بنوك‬bunūk bank, banking house│
‫ بنك التسليف‬credit bank; ‫ بنك التوفير‬deposit
bank; ‫ بنك الدم‬b. ad-dam blood bank; ‫البنك‬
‫( الدولى‬daulī) the World Bank
3
‫ مبنك‬mubannak stranded
4
‫ محنك مبنك‬muḥannak mubannak shrewd, sly,
astute
‫( بنكنوت‬Engl.) banknōt banknote
‫ بنوة‬and ‫ بنوى‬see 1‫بن‬
‫( بنوار‬Fr. baignoire) banwār baignoire, theater
box of the lowest tier
1
‫ بنى‬bana i (‫ بناء‬binā’, ‫ بنيان‬bunyān) and VIII to
build, erect, construct, set up (‫ ھـ‬s.th.); to
build, establish, rest (‫ على ھـ‬s.th. on); to
consummate the marriage (‫ بھا‬and ‫عليھا‬
with a woman); pass. buniya, ubtuniya to
be based, be built, rest (‫ على‬on)│‫بنى كلمة‬
‫( على‬kalimalan) to give a word an
indeclinable ending in (a certain vowel or
a vowelless consonant; gram.) V see 1 ‫بن‬
‫ بناء‬binā’ building, construction,
erection, setting up; structure (also, e.g.,
of an organism), setup, make-up; (pl. ‫ابنية‬
abniya) building, structure, edifice│‫اعادة‬
‫ البناء‬i‘ādat al-b. reconstruction; ‫البناء الحر‬
(ḥurr) Freemaaonry; ‫ بناء على‬binā’an ‘alā
according to, in accordance with, on the
basis of, by virtue of, on the strength of;
‫ بناء على ھذا‬accordingly, thus
‫ بنائى‬binā’ī constructional, building
(used attributively); architectural;
structural
‫ بنية‬binya, bunya pl. ‫ بنى‬binan, bunan
structure, setup, make-up; binya build,
frame, physique, physical constitution│
‫ ضعيف البنية‬of delicate constitution; ‫صحيح‬
‫ البنية‬and ‫ سليم البنية‬of sound constitution,
healthy; ‫ قوي البنية‬qawīy al-b. husky, sturdy
‫ بناء‬bannā’ pl. -ūn builder; mason;
constructive│ ‫(بناء حر‬ḥurr) Freemason
‫ بناية‬bināya pl. -āt building, structure,
edifice
‫ بنيان‬bunyān building, construction,
erection, setting up; building, structure,
edifice; physique, stature
‫ مبنى‬mabnan pl. ‫ مبان‬mabānin building,
construction, erection, setting up;
building, structure. edifice; form;
foundation, fundament, basis │ ‫الرأى‬
‫( والمبنى‬ra’y) content and form
‫ تبن‬tabannin see 1 ‫بن‬
‫ بان‬bānin pl. ‫ بناة‬bunāh builder
‫ مبنى‬mabnīy built, set up. erected;
founded, based, resting (‫ على‬on); fixed,
established; indeclinable; ending
indeclinably (‫ على‬in; gram.)
2
‫( پنى‬Engl.) penny
‫( بنيو‬It. bagno) banyō batb, bathtub
‫ بھت‬bahita a, bahuta u and pass. buhita (baht)
to be astonished, amazed, bewildered,
startled, perplexed, flabbergasted,
speechless; -- bahita to be or become pale,
fade (color); -- bahata a to astonish,
amaze, bewilder, startle, stagger,
flabbergast (‫ ه‬s.o.); (‫ بھتان‬buhtān) to
slander, defame (‫ ه‬s.o.) III to come or
descend unexpectedly (‫ ه‬upon s.o.); to
startle, stagger, flabbergast (‫ ه‬s.o.) IV to
surprise, astonish, amaze (‫ ھـ‬s.o.) VII = I
‫ بھت‬buht and ‫ بھتان‬buhtān slander, false
accusation; lie, untruth
‫ بھتة‬bahta perplexity, amazement,
bewilderment, stupefaction
‫ باھت‬bāhit pale, pallid, faded (color);
perplexed, aghast
‫ مبھوت‬mabhūt perplexed, astonished,
amazed, startled, flabbergasted, aghast
‫ بھج‬bahija a to be glad, he bappy (‫ ب‬about),
he delighted (‫ ب‬at); -- bahuja u to be
beautiful, look wonderful IV to gladden,
delight, make happy (‫ ب‬s.o.) VIII to be
glad, be happy (‫ ب‬about), be delighted (‫ب‬
at)
‫ بھجة‬bahja splendor, magnificence,
beauty, resplendence; joy, delight│‫بھجة‬
‫ االنظار‬delight of the eyes, welcome sight
‫ بھج‬bahij, ‫ بھيج‬bahīj magnificent,
splendid, beautiful; happy, joyous;
delightful
‫ مبھجة‬mabhaja a moment of happiness
and joy
‫ مباھج‬mabāhij joys, delights; pleasures,
amusements, diversions; splendid things;
splendor, pomp, magnificence
‫ ابتھاج‬ibtihāj joy, rejoicing, delight (‫ ب‬at)
‫ مبھج‬mubhij pleasant, charming,
delightful
‫ مبتھج‬mubtahij happy, glad, delighted
‫ بھدل‬bahdala to insult (‫ ه‬s.o.); to treat
contemptuously, meanly (‫ ه‬s.o.); to expose
(‫ ه‬s.o.) to ridicule, make a laughingstock (‫ه‬
of s.o.) II tabahdala pass. of I
‫ بھدلة‬bahdala insult, affront, abuse,
outrage; meanness; triteness, insipidity
 ‫ مبھدل‬mubahdal maltreated, oppressed,
miserable
‫ بھر‬bahara a (bahr) and IV to glitter, shine; to
dazzle, overwhelm (‫ ه‬s.o., ‫ ھـ‬s.o.’s eyes)│
‫شيء يبھر االبصار‬a dazzling, overwhelming
thing; -- pass. buhira to be out of breath,
to pant VII to be dazzled, blinded; to be
smitten with blindness; to. be out of breath
VIII to flaunt, parade, show off, present in
a dazzling light (‫ ب‬s.th.)
‫ بھر‬bahr deception, dazzlement (‫ ب‬by)
‫ بھر‬buhr difficult respiration, labored
breathing
‫ بھر‬bahra (n. vic.) being dazzled,
dazzlement
‫ بھرة‬buhra middle, center│ ‫ فى بھرة‬...
amidst
‫ ابھر‬abhar2 more brilliant, more
magnificent
‫ ابھر‬abhar2 aorta (anat.)
‫ بھار‬bahār pl. -āt spice
‫ ابتھار‬ibtihār dazzling display, show (‫ب‬
of s.th.)
‫ باھر‬bāhir dazzling, brilliant, splendid
‫ مبھور‬mabhūr breathless, out of breath,
panting
‫ بھرج‬bahraja (‫ بھرج‬bahraja) to adorn, deck
out, dress up showily; to give a deceptive
brightness (‫ ھـ‬to); to glamorize (‫ ھـ‬s.th.); to
reject as false (‫ ه‬a witness); to fake,
counterfeit (‫ ھـ‬s.th.) II tabahraja to adorn
o.s., spruce o.s. up, dress up; to be fake
‫ بھرج‬bahraj false, spurious, fake, sham,
worthless, bad; counterfeit money; tinsel,
frippery, cheap finery; trash, cheap stuff
‫ بھرجة‬bahraja empty show, hollow
pomp
‫ بھرجان‬bahrajan tinsel, frippery
‫ مبھرج‬mubahraj showy, tawdry, gaudy,
ornate, ostentatious; trashy, rubbishy,
cheap, inartistic
‫ بھريز‬bahrīz (eg.) a soup
‫ بھظ‬bahaza a (bahz) to oppress weigh down (‫ه‬
s.o.; a load, work), weigh heavily (‫ ھـ‬on
s.o.) IV do.
‫ باھظ‬bāhiẓ heavy, oppressive, trying;
excessive, exorbitant, enormous;
expensive, costly
‫ بھق‬bahaq a kind of lichen (bot.); herpetic
eruption, tetter; vitiligo alba, a mild form
of leprosy (med.)
‫ بھل‬bahala a (bahl) to curse (‫ ه‬s.o.) V and VI
to curse one another VIII to supplicate,
pray humbly (to God)
‫ ابھل‬abhal savin (Juniperus sabina; bot.)
‫ ابتھال‬ibtihāl supplication, prayer
‫ باھل‬bāhil pl. ‫ بھل‬buhl, buhhal free,
independent
‫ بھلول‬buhlūl, bahlūl pl. ‫ بھاليل‬bahālīl2 buffoon,
jester, clown, fool
‫ بھلوان‬bahlawān pl. -āt, -īya acrobat, tumbler,
equilibrist, ropedancer, tightrope walker
‫ بھلوانى‬bahlawānī acrobatic│‫حركات‬
‫( بھلوانية‬ḥarakāt) acrobatics; antics, capers
of a tumbler; ‫( طيران بھلوانى‬ṯayarān) aerial
acrobatics, stunt flying
‫ بھم‬IV to make obscure, dubious, unintelligible
(‫ ھـ‬s.th.) V and X to be obscure,
ambiguous, unintelligible (‫ على‬to s.o.)
‫ بھمة‬bahma lamb, sheep
‫ بھيم‬bahīm pl. ‫ بھم‬buhum jet-black
‫ بھيمة‬bahīma pl. ‫ بھائم‬bahā’im beast,
animal, quadruped; pl. livestock, cattle,
(large) domestic animals
‫ بھيمى‬bahīmī animal, bestial, brutish
‫ بھيمية‬bahīmīya brutishness, bestiality,
brutality
‫ ابھام‬ibhām obscurity; vagueness,
ambiguity
‫ ابھام‬ibhām pl. ‫ اباھيم‬abāhīm2 thumb; big
toe
‫ باھم‬bāhim big toe
‫ مبھم‬mubham obscure, dark, cryptic,
doubtful, vague, ambiguous│ ‫عدد مبھم‬
(‘adad) abstract number (math.); O ‫العصب‬
‫‘( المبھم‬aṣab) the vagus (anat.); ‫االسم المبھم‬
(ism) the demonstrative pronoun (gram.)
1
(‫ بھو( بھا‬bahā u, bahuwa u and ‫ بھى‬bahiya a (
‫ بھاء‬bahā’) to be beautiful III to vie,
compete (‫ ب ه‬with s.o. in s.th.); to pride
 o.s. (‫ ب‬on)‫ و‬be proud (‫ ب‬of), boast (‫ ب‬of,
‫ ب ه‬to s.o. of s.th.) VI to compete with one
another; to be proud (‫ ب‬of), pride o.s. (‫ب‬
on)
‫ بھو‬bahw pl. ‫ ابھاء‬abhā’ hall; parlor,
drawing room, reception hall
‫ بھى‬bahīy beautiful, magnificent,
splendid; brilliant, radiant, shining
‫ بھاء‬bahā’ beauty, magnificence,
splendor; brilliancy
‫ بھائى‬bahā’ī Bahai (adj.); (pl. -ūn) an
adherent of the Bahai sect, a Bahai
‫ ابھى‬abhā more splendid, more brilliant
‫ مباھاة‬mubāhāh and ‫ تباه‬tabāhin pride,
vainglory, boastfulness
2
‫ بھوات‬see ‫بك‬
(‫ بوء( باء‬bā’a u to come again, return; to
come back (‫ ب‬with s.th.), bring back,
yield, bring in (‫ ب‬s.th.)│‫ باء بالخيبة‬or ‫بالفشل‬
(ḳaiba, fašal) to fail II to provide
accommodations (‫ ل‬and ‫ ه‬for s.o., ‫ ھـ‬at a
place), put up (‫ ل‬or ‫ ه‬s.o., ‫ ھـ‬at)│‫بوأ مكانا‬
(makānan) to take a place, settle down,
live or stay at a place IV to provide
accommodations (‫ ه‬for s.o., ‫ ھـ‬at a place);
to settle down, reside, live (‫ ب‬at a place) V
to settle down (‫ ھـ‬at a place), occupy (
‫ مركزا‬markazan a place), hold (‫مقاما‬
maqāman a position)│‫( تبوأ مكانا‬makānan)
to gain ground, become generally
accepted; ‫‘( تبوأ العرش‬arš) to ascend the
throne; ‫( تبوأ الحكم‬ḥukm) to come to power,
take over power
‫ بيئة‬bī’a pl. -āt (usually pronounced
bai’a) pl. -āt residence, domicile, seat;
situation; surroundings, environment,
milieu; home, habitat
‫ مباءة‬mabā’a place to which s.th. comes;
abode, dwelling, habitation
‫ تبوء‬tabawwu’: ‫ تبوء العرش‬t. al-‘arš
accession to the throne
‫ بوب‬II to divide into chapters or sections (‫ھـ‬
s.th.); to arrange in groups, arrange
systematically, class, classify (‫ ھـ‬s.th.)
‫ باب‬bāb pl. ‫ ابواب‬abwāb, ‫ بيبان‬bībān
door;; gate; opening, gateway; entrance;
chapter, section, column, rubric; group,
class, category; field, domain (fig.)│‫الباب‬
‫ العالى‬the Sublime Porte; ‫ باب المندب‬b. al-
mandab Bab el Mandeb (strait between
SW Arabia and Africa; geogr.); ‫على االبواب‬
near, imminent; ‫ فتح بابا جديدا‬to open up a
new way, a new possibility; ‫ فتح باب‬futiḥa
bāb ... was (were) begun, ... got under
way; ‫( قفل باب الشيء‬qafala) to put an end to
s.th., terminate, close s.th.; ‫( من باب الفضل‬b.
il-faḍl) as a favor; ‫(من باب اولى‬aulā) with
all the more reason, the more so; ‫فى ھذا‬
‫ الباب‬about this matter, about this; ‫من باب‬
‫( الضرورة ان‬b. iḍ-ḍarūra) it is necessary
that ... ; ‫( ھذا ليس من باب الصدفة‬b. iṣ-ṣudfa)
that’s no coincidence; ‫ كان من باب‬or ‫دخل في‬
‫( باب‬with foll. genit.) to belong to, fall
under; ‫ فريد في بابه‬unique of its kind; ‫طلع‬
‫ على باب ﷲ‬to pursue one's livelihood, earn
one’s bread 80
‫ بابة‬bāba pl. -āt kind, sort, class,
category
‫ بواب‬bawwāb pl. -ūn doorman,
gatekeeper
‫ بوابة‬biwāba office of gatekeeper
‫ بوابة‬bawwāba pl. -āt (large) gate,
portal│‫ بوابة القنطرة‬b. al-qanṯara lock gate
‫ تبويب‬tabwīb division into chapters,
sectioning, classification, systematic
arrangement, grouping
‫ مبوب‬mubawwab arranged in groups,
classed, classified
‫ بوبلين‬boblīn poplin
‫( بوبينة‬Fr. bobine) bobīna spool, reel
‫ بويت‬see ‫بيت‬
‫ بوتاس‬،‫( بوتاسا‬It. potasa) būtāsā, būtās potash
‫ بوتقة‬būtaqa (usually pronounced bautaqa)
crucible, melting pot│‫في بوتقة الزمان‬
(zamān) in the melting pot of time
‫( بوجية‬Fr. bougie) bužīh pl. -āt spark plug (eg.)
(‫ بوح( باح‬bāḥa u (bauḥ) to become known, be
revealed, be divulged, leak out (secret); to
reveal, disclose, divulge (‫ ھـ‬or ‫ ب‬s.th., a
secret; ‫ الى‬and ‫ ل‬to s.o.) IV to disclose,
reveal (‫ ھـ‬or ‫ ب‬s.th., ‫ ل‬to s.o.); to release,
abandon, make public property, declare
ownerless (‫ ھـ‬s.th.); to permit, allow, leave
(s.th., ‫ ل‬to s.o.); to justify, warrant (‫ھـ‬
s.th.) X to reveal (‫ ھـ‬s.th.); to regard as
public property, as ownerless, as fair
 game; to deem permissible, lawful (‫ھـ‬
s.th.); to hurt (‫ حرمته‬ḥurmatahū s.o.’s
honor); to take possession (‫ ھـ‬of),
appropriate, take as booty (‫ ھـ‬s.th.); to
seize, confiscate (‫ ھـ‬s.th.)│‫استباح دمه‬
(damahū) to proscribe, outlaw s.o.
‫ بوح‬bauḥ divulgence, disclosure (of a
secret); confession
‫ بوح‬būḥ wide, open space; courtyard;
hall
‫ باحة‬bāḥa pl. -āt wide, open space; open
place, square, plaza; courtyard; hall
‫ اباحة‬ibāḥa divulgence, disclosure (of a
secret); permission, authorization;
licentiousness
‫ اباحى‬ibāḥī licentious, unrestrained,
uninhibited; anarchist; freethinker
‫ اباحية‬ibāḥīya freethinking, libertinism;
anarchism
‫ استباحة‬istibāḥa appropriation, capture,
seizure; spoliation, confiscation
‫ مباح‬mubāḥ permitted, allowed,
permissible; legal, lawful, licit, legitimate;
open to everyone, permitted for all, free;
ownerless (1.1. Law); indifferent (said of
actions for which neither reward nor
punishment is to be expected, but which
are permissible, pl. ‫ مباحات‬indifferent,
permissible actions, Isl. Law)
(‫ بوخ( باخ‬bāḳa u to abate, subside, let up,
decrease; to die, go out (fire); to fade,
bleach; to spoil, rot (e.g., meat) II to spoil
(‫ ھـ‬s.th.)
‫ بواخ‬buwāḳ evaporation, exhalation,
vapor, steam
‫ تبويخ‬tabwīḳ: ‫ تبويخ النكتة‬an-nukta the
spoiling of the point of a story
□ ‫ بايخ‬bāyiḳ spoiled, bad; vapid, insipid,
stale (also, e.g., of a joke)
‫ بوخارست‬būḳārest Bucharest
‫( بودرة‬Fr. poudre) būdra powder
‫ بودقة‬būdaqa pl. ‫ بوادق‬bawādiq2 crucible,
melting pot
‫ بوذا‬būdā Buddha
‫ بوذى‬būdī Buddhistic; Buddhist
‫ بوذية‬būdīya Buddhism
(‫ بور( بار‬bāra u (baur, ‫ بوار‬bawār) to perish; to
lie fallow, be uncultivated (land); to be
futile, unsuccessful, unprofitable, lead to
nothing (work); to be unsalable, be dead
stock (merchandise)│‫( بارت البنات‬bint) the
girl could not get a husband II to let lie
fallow (‫ ھـ‬land); to make unprofitable,
useless (‫ ھـ‬s.th.) IV to destroy
‫ بور‬būr uncultivated, fallow│ ‫ارض بور‬
(arḍ), pl. ‫( اراض بور‬arāḍin) fallow land,
wasteland
‫ بوار‬bawār perdition, ruin│ ‫ دار البوار‬hell
‫ بائر‬bā’ir uncultivated, fallow (land)
‫ بورانى‬baurānī (eg.) a vegetable stew
‫ بور سعيد‬būr sa‘īd Port Said (seaport in NE
Egypt)
‫ بور سودان‬būr sūdān Port Sudan (seaport in NE
Sudan)
‫ بورتوريكو‬burturīkū Puerto Rico
‫ بورتغال‬burtugāl Portugal
‫ بورصة‬būrṣa pl. -āt stock exhange
‫ بور فؤاد‬Port Fuad (seaport in NE Egypt,
opposite Port Said)
‫ بورق‬bauraq borax
‫ بورما‬burma Burma
1
‫( بورى‬Turk. boru) būrī trumpet, bugle
‫ بوروجى‬biūjī pl. -īya trumpeter, bugler
2
‫ بورى‬būrī (pl. ‫ بوارى‬bawārī) striped mullet
(Mugil cephalus; zool.)
3
‫( بوريه‬Fr.) būrēh purée
1
‫ بوز‬II to pout, sulk, look glum, sullen
‫ بوز‬būz pl. ‫ ابواز‬abwāz muzzle, snout
‫ تبويزة‬tabwīza sullen mien
‫ مبوز‬mubawwaz sullen, glum
2
‫ بوز‬būz, ‫ بوزة‬bum ice cream
3
‫بوزة‬būza a beerlike beverage
4
‫باز‬bāz pl. ‫ ابواز‬abwāz, ‫ بيزان‬bīzān falcon
1
‫ بوس‬būs bus
2
‫ بوس(( باس‬bāsa u (baus) to kiss (‫ ه‬s.o.)
‫ بوسة‬bausa, būsa kiss
‫( بوستو‬It. busto) bustū corset
‫ بوستة‬،‫( بوسطة‬It. posta) busṯa, busta post, mail
‫ البوسفور‬al-busfūr the Bosporus
‫ )باش )بوش‬bāša u (bauš) to be boisterous,
shout, roar (crowd) II do.
‫ بوش‬bauš pl. ‫ اوباش‬aubāš (for ‫ )ابواش‬mob.
rabble
1 (‫ بول( بال‬bāl u (baul) and V to make water,
‫ بوص‬būṣ (coll.; n. un. ‫ )ة‬reed
‫ بوصة‬būṣa pl. -āt inch
2
‫ بوص‬būṣ pl. ‫ ابواص‬abwāṣ, linen or silk fabric
‫( بوصلة‬It. bussola) bōṣla compass
‫ بوطة‬būṯa crucible, melting pot
‫ بوظة‬būẓa a beerlike beverage
1
‫ بوع‬bū‘ metatarsal bone (anat.)│‫ال يعرف الكوع‬
‫ من البوع‬h‫ ث‬wouldn’t know his knee from
his elbow (proverbially, of a stupid
person)
2
‫ باع‬bā‘ pl. ‫ ابواع‬abwā‘ the span of the
outspread arms, fathom; in Eg. today = 4
ḍirā‘ mi‘mārīya = 3 m│ ‫ طويل الباع‬mighty,
powerful; capable, able; knowledgeable;
generous, liberal; ‫ قصير الباع‬powerless,
helpless, impotent, weak, incapable;
niggardly, stingy; ‫ قصير الباع‬impotence,
weakness; incapability (‫ عن‬of); ‫بالباع والذراع‬
with might and main
1
‫ بوغ‬II to surprise
1
‫ باغة‬bāga celluloid; tortoise shell
‫ بوغادة‬būgāda and ‫ بوغاضة‬būgāḍa potash, lye
‫ بوغاز‬būgāz pl. ‫ بواغيز‬bawāgīiz2 strait(s);
harbor│ ‫بوغاز الدردنيل‬the Dardanelles
‫( بوفيه‬Fr. buffet) būfēh buffet; bar; sideboard
‫ بوق‬II to blow the trumpet
‫ بوق‬būq pl. -āt, ‫ ابواق‬abwāq trumpet,
bugle; fanfare; horn (of an automobile, of
a gramophone); acoustic signaling device;
megaphone; mouthpiece, spokesman;
duplicity, treachery, betrayal│ ‫بوق الصوت‬
b. aṣ-ṣaut or ‫ بوق الراديو‬loudspeaker
(radio); O ‫( بوق رحمى‬raḥimi) oviduct,
Fallopian tube (anat.)
‫ بواق‬bawwāq trumpeter, bugler
‫ باقة‬bāqa bundle; bunch of flowers,
nosegay, bouquet
‫ بائقة‬bā’iqa pl. ‫ بوائق‬bawā’iq2 misfortune,
calamity
‫ بوقال‬būqāl, ‫ بوقالة‬būqala pl. ‫ بواقيل‬bawāqīl2
vessel without handles, mug
‫ بوكسفورد‬boksəford patrol wagon, paddy
wagon, Black Maria
‫( بوكسكاف‬Engl.) bokəkāf box calf
1
urinate IV to be diuretic X to cause to
urinate
‫ بول‬baul pl. ‫ ابوال‬abwāl urine│ ‫مرض البول‬
‫ السكرى‬maraḍ al-b. as-sukarī diabetes
‫ بولى‬baulī uric, urinary, urinous│ ‫المسالك‬
‫ البولية‬the urinary passages; ‫االمراض البولية‬
diseases of the kidney and urinary
bladder; ‫( تسمم بولى‬tasammum) uremia
(med.)
‫ بيلة‬bīla: O ‫( بيلة آحانية‬āḥīnīya)
albuminuria; O ‫( بيلة دموية‬damawīya)
hematuria (med.)
‫ بوالة‬bawwāla public lavatory
‫ مبولة‬mabwala pl. ‫ مباول‬mabāwil2 urinal;
a diuretic; -- mibwala chamber pot; toilet,
water closet
‫ استبوال‬istibwāl: O ‫ استبوال‬ist. ad-dam
uremia (med.)
2
‫ بال‬bāl state, condition; heart, mind; notice,
regard, attention│‫ ذو بال‬significant,
notable, considerable, important, serious,
grave; ‫ فراغ البال‬farāg al-b. leisure; ‫مشغول‬
‫ البال‬anxious, uneasy, concerned, worried.;
‫ طويل البال‬long-suffering, patient; ‫ ما باله‬...
(with verb) why is it that he (it) ... ?
why ... ? ‫ ما بالك‬how about you? what do
you think? ‫ خال باله‬ḳalā bāluhū his mind is
at rest, he has no worries; ‫ خطر بباله‬it
occurred to him, it came to his mind; ‫اعطى‬
‫ جعل( باله الى )ل‬،‫( ))القى‬a‘ṯā, alqā, ja‘ala) to
turn one’s mind to, give one’s attention to,
pay attention to, take into account, be
mindful of, bear in mind, heed s.th.; ‫لم يلق‬
‫ لقولى باال‬lam yulqi li-qaulī bālan he didn't
pay any attention to what I said; ‫ال يقل عنه‬
‫( باال‬yaqillu) no less significant than this
3
‫ بول‬būl postage stamp
4
‫ بال‬bāl whale (zool.)
5
‫ بالة‬look up alphabetically
□ ‫ بوالد‬būlād (= ‫ )فوالذ‬steel
‫ بولصة‬see ‫بوليسة‬
‫ بوالق‬būlāq2 a district of Cairo
‫ بولندة‬bōlanda Poland
‫ بولندى‬bōlandī Polish; (pl. -ūn) Pole
1
‫ بولو‬bōlō polo
‫( بولونيا‬It. Polonia) būlūniya Poland
‫ بولوني‬būlūnī Polish; Pole
(‫ بيت( بات‬bāta i (‫ مبيت‬mabīt) to pass or spend
1
‫( بوليس‬Fr. police) būlīs police│‫ بوليس اآلداب‬vice
squad; ‫( البوليس الجنا‬jinā’ī) criminal
police; ‫( البوليس الحربى‬ḥarbī) military
police; ‫( البوليس السرى‬sirrī) secret police;
‫ بوليس المرور‬traffic police
‫ رواية بوليسية‬riwāya būlīsīya detective
story
2
‫ بوليسة‬and ‫( بوليصة‬Fr. police) būlīsā, būlīṣa pl.
‫ بوالص‬bawāliṣ2, ‫ بوالس‬bawālis2 certificate
of insurance, policy│‫ بوليسة الشحن‬b. aš-
šaḥn bill of lading
‫ بوليفيا‬būlīfiyā Bolivia
‫ بوليفى‬būlīfī Bolivian
O ‫ داء البولينا‬dā’ al-baulīnā uremia
‫ بوم‬būm (coll.; n. un. ‫ )ة‬pl. ‫ ابوام‬abwām owl
1 (navigator’s) compass; ‫ اھل البيت‬ahl al-b.
‫ بون‬baun, būn interval, distance; difference
2
‫ بان‬coll.; n. un. ‫ )ة‬ben tree (Moringa; bot.;
horse-radish tree (Moringa oleifera; bot.);
Egyptian willow (Salix aegyptiaca L.;
bot.)
‫ بونسايرس‬Buenos Aires
‫( بونى‬Engl.) bōnī pl. ‫ بوانى‬bawānī pony
‫ باه‬bāh coitus; sexual potency; sexuality
‫( بوھيميا‬Engl.) bōhīmiyā Bohemia
‫ بوھيمي‬bōhēmī Bohemian (adj. and n.)
‫ بوھيمية‬bōhēmīya Bohemianism,
Bohemian life
‫ بؤونة‬ba’ūna the tenth month of the Coptic
year
‫( بوية‬Turk. boya) bōya paint; shoe polish
‫ بوياجى‬،‫( بويجى‬eg.) boyagī house painter,
painter; shoeshine, bootblack
‫ بية‬bayya = ‫ باية‬look up alphabetically
‫ بيئة‬see ‫بوء‬
‫ بيادة‬biyāda infantry (Eg.)
‫ بيادى‬biyādī infantryman, foot soldier
‫ بيانو‬،‫ بيانة‬،‫ بيان‬biyān, biyāna, biyānō pl. ‫بيانات‬
biyānāt piano
‫ بيب‬bīb pipe, tube; feed pipe, spout (of a
reservoir or tank)
2
‫ بيبة‬bība (Western) smoking pipe
the night; to stay overnight; to become; to
be (‫ فى‬in a situation); with foll. imperf.: to
get into a situation. Get to the point
where; to continue to do s.th., go on or
keep doing s.th., stick to s.th. II to brood
(by night; ‫ ھـ‬about s.th.); to contrive, hatch
(‫ ھـ‬an evil plan, ‫ ل‬against s.o.), plot (‫ل‬
against s.o.); to put up for the night (‫ه‬
s.o.)│‫( بيت فى الصف‬ṣaff; eg.) to flunk, fail
promotion (pupil) IV to put up for the
night (‫ ه‬s.o.)
‫ بيت‬bait pl. ‫ بيوت‬buyūt, ‫ بيوتات‬buyūtāt
house, building; tent (of nomads); room;
apartment, flat; (garden) bed; family; case,
box, covering, sheath; pl. ‫ بيوتات‬large,
respectable houses; respectable families;
(pl. ‫ ابيات‬abyāt) verse│ ‫ بيت االبرة‬b. al-ibra
family, specif., the family of the Prophet;
‫ اھل البيوتات‬people from good, respectable
families; ‫( بيوتات تجارية‬tijārīya) commercial
houses; ‫( البيت الحرام‬ḥaram) the Kaaba; ‫بيت‬
‫ الخالء‬b. al-ḳalā’ and ‫ بيت االدب‬b. al-adab
toilet, water closet; ‫ بيت الداء‬origin or seat
of the disease; ‫( بيت ريفى‬rīfī) country
house; ‫ بيت القصيدة‬and ‫( بيت القصيد‬the
essential, principal verse of the kasidah,
i.e.) the quintessence; the gist, the
essential, the hit of s.th.; s.th. that stands
out from the rest, the right thing; ‫بيت لحم‬
baitalaḥm2 Bethlehem; ‫ البيت الملك‬the ruling
house; ‫ بيت المال‬treasure house; fisc,
treasury, exchequer (Isl. Law); (Tun.)
administration of vacant Muslim states
‫ بيتى‬baitī domestic, private, home, of the
house, house- (in compounds);
domesticated (animals); home made
‫ بويت‬buwait pl. -āt small house; small
tent
 ‫ بيات‬bayyāt pl. -ūn and ‫ بياتة‬bayyāta
boarder (student); (pl. -ūn) pupil of a
boarding school (tun.)
‫ بيروقراطى‬bīruqrāṯī bureaucratic
‫ بيوت‬bayyūt stale, old
‫ بيروقراطية‬bīrūqrāṯīya bureaucracy; red tape
‫ مبيت‬mabīt overnight stop, overnight
stay; shelter for the night
‫ بائت‬bā’it stale, old; (eg.) not promoted,
‫( فى الصف‬ṣaff) in school
‫ مبيت‬mubayyit plotter, schemer, intrigant
‫ بيجاما‬bījāmā and ‫ بيجامة‬bījāma pajama
1
(‫ بيد( باد‬bāda i to perish, die, pass away,
become extinct IV to destroy, exterminate,
extirpate (‫ ه‬،‫ ھـ‬s.o., s.th.)
‫ بيد ان‬baida anna although, whereas;
(esp., introducing a sentence:) yet,
however, but, ... though
‫ بيداء‬baidā’2 pl. ‫ بيد‬bīd, ‫ بيداوات‬baidawāt
desert, steppe, wilderness
‫ ابادة‬ibāda annihilation, extermination,
eradication, extirpation
‫ بائد‬bā’id passing, transitory, temporal;
past, bygone
‫ مبيد‬mubīd destructive, annihilative; (pl.
-āt) means of extermination│ ‫مبيدات حشرية‬
(ḥašarīya) insecticides
2
‫ بيضة‬baiḍa (n. un.) pl. -āt egg; testicle; helmet;
‫ بيادة‬look up alphabetically
‫ بيدر‬baidar pl. ‫ بيادر‬bayādir2 threshing floor
‫ بيدق‬baidaq (and ‫ )بيذق‬pl. ‫ بيادق‬bayādiq2 pawn
(in chess)
‫ بيذنجان‬see ‫ باذنجان‬alphabetically
1 the hottest part of the summer; ‫بيضة االسالم‬
□ ‫ بيارة‬bayyāra pl. -āt (pal.) irrigation wheel;
plantation
2
‫ بيرة‬،‫( بيرا‬It. birra) bīrā, bīra beer│‫مصنع البيرا‬
maṣna‘ al-b. brewery
‫ بيرق‬bairaq pl. ‫ بايرق‬bayāriq2 flag, banner,
standard
‫ بيرقدار‬bairaqdār color-bearer, standard-
bearer
‫( جبال البيرنيه‬Fr. Pyrénées) jibāl al-bīrinēh the
Pyrenees
1
‫ بيرو‬bērū Peru
2
‫( بيرو‬Fr. bureau) bīrō pl. -āt office, bureau
‫ بيروت‬bairūt2 Beirut (capital of Lebanon)
‫ بيروتى‬bairūtī pl. ‫ بوارتة‬bawārita, ‫بيارتة‬
bayārita a native or inhabitant of Beirut
‫ بيزنطيا‬bīzanṯiyā Byzantium
‫ بيزنطي‬bīzanṯī Byzantine
‫ بيسون‬bīsōn bison
(‫ بيض( باض‬bāḍa i to lay eggs (also ‫ ;)ھـ‬to stay,
settle down, be or become resident (‫ ب‬at a
place)│ ‫( باض بالمكان وفرخ‬wa-farraḳa) to be
born and grow up in a place; to establish
itself and spread (plague) II to make
white, paint white, whitewash, whiten (‫ھـ‬
s.th.); to bleach, blanch (‫ ھـ‬s.th., textiles,
laundry, rice, etc.); to tin, tinplate (‫ھـ‬
s.th.); to make a fair copy (‫ ھـ‬of s.th.)│
‫(بيض الوجه‬wajhahū) to make s.o. appear
blameless, in a favorable light, to
whitewash, exculpate, vindicate, justify
s.o., play s.o. up, make much of s.o.; to
honor s.o., show honor to s.o.; ‫بيض ﷲ وجھه‬
may God make him happy! ‫ال يبيض من‬
‫ صحيفته‬this doesn't show him in a
favorable light V pass. of II; IX to be or
become white
‫ بيض‬baiḍ pl. ‫ بيوض‬buyūḍ eggs
main part, substance, essence│ ‫بيضة الديك‬
b. ad-dīik (the egg of a rooster i.e.) an
impossible or extraordinary thing; ‫بيضة البلد‬
b. al-balad a man held in high esteem in
his community; ‫( فى بيضة النھار‬b. in-nahār)
in broad daylight; ‫ بيضة الصيف‬b. aṣ-ṣaif
the territory or pale of Islam; ‫الدفاع عن بيضة‬
‫ عن بيضة الوطن‬٨٥ ،‫( الدين‬b. id-dīn, b. il-
waṯan) defense of the faith, of the country;
‫ بيضة الخدر‬b. al-ḳidr a woman seluded from
the outside world, a chaste, respectable
woman
‫ بيضى‬baiḍī, ‫ بيضوى‬baiḍawī and ‫بيضاوى‬
baiḍāwī egg-shaped, oviform, oval, ovate
‫ بييضة‬buyaiḍa and ‫ بويضة‬buwaiḍa pl. -āt
small egg, ovule; ovum
‫ بياض‬bayāḍ white, whiteness:
whitewash; -- (pl. -āt) barren, desolate,
uncultivated land, wasteland: gap, blank
space (in a manuscript); blank; leucoma
(med.); linen, pl. ‫ بياضات‬linen goods,
 linens; (syr.) milk, butter, and eggs│ ‫بياض‬
‫ البيت‬b. al-bait white of egg, albumen: ‫بياض‬
‫ العين‬b. al-‘ain the white of the eye: ‫بياض‬
‫ النھار‬b. an-nahār daylight, (acc.) by day,
during the daytime; ‫بياض يومه وسواد ليله‬
bayāḍa yaumihi wa-sawāda lailihi by day
and by night: ‫ بياض الوجه‬b. al-wajh tine
character, good reputation; ‫سمك بياض‬
samak b. a Nile fish (eg.); ‫ على بياض‬blank,
free from writing, printing or marks,
uninscribed; (‫ ارتدى‬or) ‫( لبس البياض‬labisa,
irtada) to dress in white
‫ بيوض‬bayūḍ pl. ‫ بيض‬buyūḍ, bīḍ (egg-)
laying
‫ ابيض‬abyaḍ2, f. ‫ بيضاء‬baiḍā’2, pl. ‫ بيض‬bīḍ
white; bright; clean, shiny, polished;
blameless, noble, sincere (character);
empty, blank (sheet of paper); pl. ‫البيضان‬
al-bīḍān the white race; ‫ االبيض‬white of
egg, albumen│ ‫( ارض بيضاء‬arḍ) barren,
uncultivated land, wasteland; ‫ثورة بيضاء‬
(ṯaura) peaceful, bloodless revolution;
‫( الخيط االبيض‬ḳaiṯ) first light of dawn; ‫الذھب‬
‫( االبيض‬dahab) platinum; ‫ بالسالح االبيض‬with
cold steel; ‫( صحيفته بيضاء‬ṣaḥīfatuhū) his
reputation is good: he has noble de.ds to
his credit, he has a noble character; ‫صحف‬
‫( بيضاء‬ṣuḥuf) noble, glorious deeds: ‫اكذوبة‬
‫( بيضاء‬ukdūba) white lie, fih: ‫ليلة بيضاء‬
(laila) a sleepless night, a night spent
awake: ‫( الموت االبيض‬maut) natural death; ‫يد‬
‫( بيضاء‬yad) beneficent hand, benefaction
‫ مبيض‬mabīḍ, mibyaḍ ovary (anat.)
‫ تبييضة‬tabyīḍa fair copy
O ‫ ابيضاض‬ibyiḍāḍ leukemia (med.)
‫ بائض‬bā’iḍ pl. ‫ بوائض‬bawā’iḍ2 (egg-)
laying
‫ مبيض‬mubayyiḍ pl. -ūn whitewasher;
bleacher; tinner; copyist, transcriber (of
fair copy)
‫ مبيضة‬mubayyaḍa fair copy
‫ بيطر‬baiṯara to practice veterinary science; to
shoe (‫ ھـ‬a horse)
‫ بيطار‬baiṯar pl. ‫ بياطرة‬bayātira
veterinarian; farrier
‫ بيطرى‬baiṯarī veterinary│‫الطب البيطرى‬
(ṯibb) veterinary medicine; ‫طبيب بيطرى‬
veterinarian
‫ بيطرة‬baiṯara veterinary science; farriery
1
(‫ بيع( باع‬bā‘a i (bai‘,‫ مبيع‬mabī‘) to sell (‫ ھـ‬s.th.,
‫ ه‬or ‫ ل‬to s.o., ‫ ب‬for a price) III to make a
contract (‫ ه‬with s.o.); to pay homage (‫ ه‬to
s.o.); to acknowledge as sovereign or
leader (‫ ه‬s.o.), pledge allegiance (‫ ه‬to) IV
to offer for sale (‫ ھـ‬s.th.) VI to agree on
the terms of a sale, conclude a bargain VII
to be sold, be for sale VIII to buy,
purchase (‫ من ھـ‬s.th. from s.o. and ‫ ھـ ه‬from
s.o. s.th.)│ ‫( ال ابتاع منه وال ابيعه‬abtā‘u,
abī‘uhū) I don't trust him
‫ بيع‬bai‘ pl. ‫ بيوع‬buyū‘,‫ بيوعات‬buyū‘āt
sale│‫ للبيع‬for sale; ‫ جبرية )بيوعات‬or) ‫بيوع‬
(jabrīya) forced sales, compulsory sale by
auction: ‫( بيع بالجملة‬jumla) wholesale sale;
‫( بيع بالخيار‬ḳiyār) optional sale (Isl. Law);
‫( بيع آلخر راغب‬li-āḳir rāgibīn) sale to the
highest bidder; ‫ بيع العينة‬b. al-‘īna credit
operation (Isl. Law)
‫ بيعة‬bai‘a agreement, arrangement;
business deal, commercial transaction,
bargain; sale; purchase; homage│‫على البيعة‬
into the bargain
‫ بياع‬bayyā‘ salesman, merchant, dealer,
commission agent, middleman
‫ مبيع‬mabī‘ sale, pl. -āt sales (esp. on the
stock market)
‫ مبايعة‬mubāya‘a pl. -āt conclusion of
contract; homage; pledge of allegiance;
transaction
‫ ابتياع‬ibtiyā‘ purchase
‫ بائع‬bā’i‘2 pl. ‫ باعة‬bā‘a seller, vendor;
dealer, merchant; salesman
‫ بائعة‬bā’i‘a saleswoman
‫ مبيع‬mabī‘ and ‫ مباع‬mubā‘ sold
‫ مبتاع‬mubtā‘ buyer, purchaser
2
‫ بيعة‬bai‘a pl. -āt, ‫ بيع‬biya‘ (Chr.) church;
synagogue
‫ بيك‬bē (eg.), bēg, bēk pl. ‫ بيكوات‬bēgawāt (syr.)
bey (title of courtesy); cf. ‫بك‬
‫ بيكوية‬bīkawīya rank of bey
‫ بيكار‬bīkār compass, (pair of) dividers
‫ بيكباشى‬see ‫بكباشى‬
‫( بيكه‬Fr.) bīkeh plqué (fabric)
1
‫( بيل‬Fr. bille) bīl ball│‫ كرسى بيل‬kursī b. ball
bearing
2
‫ بيلة‬bīla see ‫بول‬
‫ بيلسان‬bailasān black elder (bot.)
‫ بيلھارسيا‬bilharsiyā bilharziasis, schistosomiasis
(med.)
‫( بيليه‬Fr. bille) bīlya pl. -āt little ball, marble
‫ بيمارستان‬bīmāristān hospltal; lunatic asylum
1
(‫ بين( بان‬bāna i (‫ بيان‬bayān) to be or become
plain, evident, come out, come to light; to
be clear (‫ ل‬to s.o.); (‫ بين‬bain, ‫بينونة‬
bainūna) to part, be separated (‫ من‬from) II
to make clear, plain, visible, evident (‫ھـ‬
s.th.); to announce (‫ ھـ‬s.th.); to state (‫ھـ‬
s.th.); to show, demonstrate (‫ ھـ‬s.th.); to
explain, expound, elucidate (‫ ھـ‬s.th.),
throw light (‫ ھـ‬on) III to part, go away (‫ه‬
from), leave (‫ ه‬s.o.); to differ, be different
(‫ ه‬،‫ ھـ‬from), be unlike s.th. (‫ ;)ھـ‬to
contradict (‫ ھـ‬s.th.), be contrary (‫ ھـ‬to); to
conflict, be at variance, be inconsistent (‫ھـ‬
with s.th.) IV to explain, expound,
elucidate (‫ ل ھـ‬s.th. to s.o.); to separate,
sift, distinguish (‫ من ھـ‬s.th. from); to be
clear, plain, evident V to be or become
clear, intelligible (‫ ل‬to s.o.); to turn out,
prove in the end, appear, become evident;
to follow (‫ من‬from), be explained (‫ من‬by);
to be clearly distinguished (‫ من‬from); to
seek to ascertain (‫ ھـ‬s.th.), try to get at the
mct8 (‫ ھـ‬of); to eye or examine critically,
scrutinize (‫ ه‬،‫ ھـ‬s.o., s.th.); to look, peer (‫ھـ‬
at); to see through s.th. (‫)ھـ‬, see clearly,
perceive, notice, discover, find out (‫ھـ‬
s.th.); to distinguish (‫ من ھـ‬s.th. from) VI
to differ, be different, be opposed, be
contrary; to vary greatly, differ widely; to
vary, differ, fluctuate (‫ بين‬between two
amounts or limits) X to be or become
clear, plain, evident; to Bee, know,
perceive, notice (‫ ھـ‬s.th.); pass. ustubīna to
follow clearly, be clearly seen (‫ من‬from)
‫ بين‬bain separation, division; interval;
difference│‫ ذات البين‬enmity, disunion,
discord; ‫ فى البين‬meantime, meanwhile
‫ بين‬baina (prep.) or ‫ فيما بين‬fī-ma b.
between; among, amidst│‫ – بين – و‬either --
or, partly -- partly, e.g., ‫كان القوم بين صامت‬
‫( ومتكلم‬ṣāmitin wa-mutakallimin) the crowd
was divided among those who were silent
and those who talked; ‫( بين يديه‬yadaihi) in
front of him, before him, in his presence;
with him. on him, in his possession, e.g., ‫ال‬
‫( سالح بين يديه‬silāḥa) he hasn’t got a
weapon on him, he is unarmed; ‫فيما بين ذلك‬
meanwhile, in the meantime; ‫فيما بينى وبين‬
‫ نفسى‬in my heart, at heart, inwardly; ‫بين‬
‫ ذراعيه‬in his arms; ‫ من بينھم‬min bainihim
from among them, from their midst; ‫بين بين‬
something between, a cross, a mixture, a
combination; neither good nor bad,
medium, tolerable; ‫ شيء بين بين‬something
between, a cross, a mixture, a
combination; ‫( بين وقت وآخر‬waqt, āḳar), ‫بين‬
‫( فترة وأخرى‬fatra, uḳrā) at times, from time
to time
‫ ما بين‬mā-baina look up alphabetically
‫ بينا‬bainā, ‫ بينما‬bainamā (conj.) while;
whereas
‫ بين‬bayyin clear, plain, evident, obvious,
patent; (pl. ‫ ابنياء‬abyinā’2) eloquent
‫ بيان‬bayān pl. -āt clearness, plainness,
patency, obviousness; statement,
declaration, announcement; manifestation;
explanation, elucidation, illustration;
information, news; (official) report.
(official) statement; enumeration, index,
list; eloquence; ‫ البيان‬the Koran; see also
alphabetically│‫ بيان الحقيقة‬correction
(journ.); ‫( غني عن البيان‬ganīy) self-
explanatory, self-evident; ‫‘ علم البيان‬ilm al-
b. rhetoric; ‫‘ عطف البيان‬aṯf al-b. explicative
apposition (gram.)
‫ بيانى‬bayānī explanatory, illustrative;
rhetorical
‫ بينة‬bayyina pl. -āt clear proof,
indisputable evidence; evidence (Isl.
Law); a document serving &8 evidence│
‫( بينة ظرفية‬ẓarfīya) circumstantial evidence;
‫ على بينة‬as has been proved; ‫كان على بينة من‬
to be fully aware of; to he well-informed,
well-posted, up-to-date about
‫ ابين‬abyan2 clearer, more distinct, more
obvious
‫ تبيان‬tibyān exposition, demonstration,
explanation, illustration
‫ تبيين‬tabyīn and ‫ ابانة‬ibāna exposition,
demonstration, explanation, illustration
 ‫ تباين‬tabayun difference, unlikeness,
dissimilarity, disparity
‫ تباينى‬tabāyunī different, differing,
conflicting
‫ بائن‬bā’in clear, plain, evident, obvious,
patent; final, irrevocable (divorce; Isl.
Law); of great length│‫ بائن الطول‬b. aṯ-ṯūl
towering, of unusual height (person)
‫ بائنة‬bā’ina bride’s dowry
‫ مبيونة‬mabyūna distance
‫ مبين‬mubīn clear, plain, evident, obvious,
patent│‫ الكتاب المبين‬the Koran
‫ متباين‬mutabāyin dissimilar, unlike,
differential, differing, varying
2
‫ بيانة‬،‫ بيان‬look up alphabetically
‫ بينباشى‬see ‫بكباشى‬
‫ بينتو‬see ‫بنتو‬
‫ بيه‬bēh = ‫بك‬
1
‫( بيوريه‬Engl.) biyūrē purée
2
‫( بيوريه‬Fr. pyorrhée) biyōrēh pyorrhea (med.)
‫ت‬
1
‫ ت‬abbreviation of ‫ تلفون‬telephone
2
‫ ت‬ta (particle introducing oaths) by, ‫ تا‬ta-
llāhi by God!
‫ تاء‬tā’ name of the letter‫ت‬
‫ تابوت‬tābūt pl. ‫ توابيت‬tawābīt2 box, case, chest,
coffer; casket, coffin, sarcophagus│‫تابوت‬
‫ العھد‬t. al-‘ahd ark of the covenant; ‫تابوت‬
‫ رفع المياه‬t. raf‘ al-miyāh Archimedean
screw; ‫ تابوت الساقية‬t. as-āqiya scoop wheel,
Persian wheel
‫ تابيوكا‬tābiyōkā tapioca
‫ تأتأ‬ta’ta’a to stammer (with fright)
‫ تاج‬see ‫توج‬
‫ تؤدة‬see ‫وأد‬
1
‫ تأر‬IV ‫( اتأر البصر‬baṣara) to stare (‫ ه‬or ‫ الى‬at
s.o.)
2
‫ تارة‬see ‫تور‬
‫ تازة‬tāza (= ‫ )طازة‬fresh, tender, new
‫ تاك‬taka fem. of the demonstrative pronoun ‫ذاك‬
dāka (dual nom. ‫ تانك‬tānika, genit., acc.
‫ تينك‬tainika)
‫ توءم‬،‫ توأم‬tau’am, f. ‫ة‬, pl. ‫ توائم‬tawā’im2 twin
‫ التاميز‬at-tāmīz the Thames
‫ تاى‬tay (tun., alg.) tea│‫ تاى احمر‬black tea
‫ تايور‬tāyōr and ‫ تايير‬tāyēr (Fr. tailleur) pl. -āt
ladies’ tailored suit, tailleur
‫ تب‬tabba i (tabb, ‫ تبب‬tabab, ‫ تباب‬tabāb) to
perish, be destroyed X to stabilize, be
stabilized, be or become stable; to be
settled, established, well-ordered, regular,
normal; to progress well│‫استتب له االمر‬
everything went well with him
‫ تبا له‬tabban lahū may evil befall him!
may he perish!
‫ استتباب‬istitbāb normalcy, regularity,
orderliness, order; stability; favorable
course or development
‫ التبت‬at-tibt Tibet
‫ تبر‬tabara i (tabr) to destroy, annihilate (‫ھـ‬
s.th.)
‫ تبر‬tibr raw metal; gold dust, gold
nuggets; ore
‫ تبار‬tabār ruin, destruction
‫ تبرية‬tibrīya dandruff
‫ تبريز‬tabrīz2 Tabriz (city in NW Iran, capital of
Azerbaijan province)
‫ تبع‬tabi‘a a (taba‘,‫ تباعة‬tabā‘a) to follow,
succeed (‫ ه‬s.o., ‫ ھـ‬s.th.), come after s.o. or
s.th. (‫ ه‬،‫ ;)ھـ‬to trail, track (‫ ه‬،‫ ھـ‬s.o., s.th) go
after s.o. or s.th. (‫ ه‬،‫ ;)ھـ‬to walk behind s.o.
(‫ ;)ه‬to pursue (‫ ھـ‬s.th.); to keep, adhere,
stick (‫ ھـ‬to s.th.), observe (‫ ھـ‬s.th; to
follow, take (‫ ھـ‬a road), enter upon (‫ ھـ‬a
road or course); to comply (‫ ھـ‬with s.th.);
to belong, pertain (‫ ھـ‬to); to be
subordinate, be attached (‫ ه‬to s.o.), be
under s.o.’s (‫ )ه‬authority or command, be
under s.o. (‫( ه(│تبع الدروس‬durūsa) to attend
classes regularly III to follow (‫ ه‬،‫ ھـ‬s.o.
s.th.; also = to keep one's mind or eyes on,
e.g., on a development); to agree, concur (
‫ ه‬with s.o., ‫ على‬in s.th.), be in agreement or
conformity (‫ على‬،‫ ھـ‬with); to pursue,
chase, follow up (‫ ه‬s.o., ‫ ھـ‬s.th.); to
continue (‫ ھـ‬s.th.; ‫ سيره‬sairahū on one’s
way), go on (‫ ھـ‬with or in) IV to cause to
succeed or follow (in time, rank, etc.); to
place (‫ ه‬s.o.) under s.o.’s (‫ )ه‬authority or
command, subordinate (‫ ه ه‬to s.o. s.o., ‫ھـ ھـ‬
to s.th. s.th.) V to follow (‫ ھـ‬s.th., esp. fig.:
a topic, a development, the news, etc., = to
watch, study); to pursue, trail, track (‫ ه‬،‫ھـ‬
s.o., s.th.); to trace (‫ ھـ‬s.th.); to be
subordinate (‫ ه‬،‫ ھـ‬to), be attached (‫ ه‬to
s.o.) VI to follow in succession, be
successive or consecutive, come or
happen successively; to form an
uninterrupted sequence VIII to follow,
succeed (‫ ه‬s.o., ‫ ھـ‬s.th.), come after (‫ ه‬،‫;)ھـ‬
to make (‫ ھـ‬s.th.) be succeeded or followed
(‫ ب‬by s.th. else); to prosecute (‫ ه‬s.o.), take
legal action (‫ ه‬against); to follow, obey,
heed, observe, bear in mind (‫ ھـ‬s.th.); to
pursue (‫ ھـ‬s.th.); to examine, investigate,
study (‫ ھـ‬s.th.); pass. uttubi‘a to have or
find followers, adherents (‫ على‬for s.th.,
e.g., for an idea)│‫( اتبع سياسة‬siyāsatan) to
pursue a policy; ‫( اتبع يمينه‬yamīnahū) to
keep (to the) right X to make (‫ ه‬s.o.)
follow, ask (‫ ه‬s.o.) to follow; to seduce (‫ه‬
s.o.); to have as its consequence,
engender, entail (‫ ھـ‬s.th.); to subordinate
to o.s., make subservient to o.s. (‫ ھـ‬s.th.)
‫ تبع‬taba‘ succession; subordinateness,
dependency: following. Followers;
subordinate, subservient (‫ ل‬to s.th.): ‫بالتبع‬
successively, consecutively; ‫ تبعا ل‬taba‘an
li according to, in accordance with,
pursuant to, in observance of; due to, in
consequence of, as the result of; (pl. ‫اتباع‬
atbā‘) follower, companion, adherent,
partisan; subject, national, citizen;
appertaining, appurtenant, pertinent,
incident
‫ تبعى‬taba‘ī: ‫‘( عقوبة تبعية‬uqūba) incidental
punishment (jur.)
‫ تبعة‬tabi‘a pl. -āt consequence;
responsibility, irresponsibleness│‫القى التبعة‬
‫( على‬alqā) to make s.o. or s.th. responsible
‫ تبيع‬tabī‘ pl. ‫ تباع‬tibā‘ following attached,
attending, adjunct; -- (pl. ‫ تبائع‬tabā’i‘2)
follower, adherent, partisan; aide, help,
assistant, attendant, servant
‫ تبعية‬taba‘īya pl. -āt subordination,
subjection; subordinateness, dependency;
citizenship, nationality; ‫بالتبعية‬
subsequently, afterwards; consequently,
hence, therefore, accordingly
‫ تباعا‬tibā‘an in succession, successively,
consecutively, one after the other, one by
one
‫ متابعة‬mutāba‘a following, pursuing,
pursuit, prosecution; continuation
‫ اتباع‬itbā‘ (gram.) intensification by
repeating a word with its initial consonant
changed, such as katīr batīr
‫ تتبع‬tatabu‘ following (esp. fig., of an
argument, of a development, see V
above); pursuit; prosecution; succession,
course│‫ التتبع التاريخى‬the course of history;
‫‘( تتبعات عدلية‬adlīya) legal action,
prosecution
‫ تتابع‬tatābu‘ sucession; relay (athlet.);
‫ بالتتابع‬consecutively, successively, in
succession; serially, in serialized form
‫ اتباع‬ittibā‘ following; pursuit (e.g., of a
policy); adherence (to), compliance
(with), observance (of); ‫ اتباعا ل‬ittibā‘an li
according to, in accordance or conformity
with, pursuant to, in observance of
O ‫ اتباعى‬ittibā‘ī classical
O ‫ اتباعية‬ittibā‘īya classicism
‫ تابع‬tābi‘ pl. ‫ تبعة‬taba‘a, ‫ تباع‬tubbā‘
following, succeeding, subsequent;
subsidiary, dependent; minor, secondary;
subordinate (‫ ل‬to s.o.), under s.o. (‫;)ل‬
belonging (‫ ل‬to); subject to s.o.’s (‫)ل‬
authority or competence; adherent (‫ ل‬to)
following (‫ ل‬s.o. or s.th.); -- (pl. ‫اتباع‬
atbā‘) adherent, follower, partisan;
subject, citizen, national; subordinate,
servant; factotum; (pl. ‫ )توابع‬appositive
(gram.); appendix, addendum,
supplement; O function (math.)│ ‫الدول‬
‫( التابعة‬duwal) the satellite countries
‫ تابعة‬tābi‘a pl. ‫ توابع‬tawābi‘2 female
attendant, woman servant; a female
demon who accompanies women;
appurtenance, dependency; consequence,
effect, result; responsibility; pl. ‫توابع‬
dependencies, dependent territories; O
satellites (pol.), = ‫( الدول التوابع‬duwal) the
satellite countries
‫ تابعية‬tābi‘īya nationality, citizenship
 ‫ متبوع‬matbū‘ followed, succeeded (‫ب‬
by); one to whom service or obedience is
rendered, a leader, a principal (as
distinguished from ‫ تابع‬subordinate) 90
‫ متتابع‬mutatābi‘ successive, consecutive
‫ متبع‬muttaba‘ observed, adhered to,
complied with (e.g. regulation, custom);
followed, traveled (road, course)
‫ تبغ‬tibg pl. ‫ تبوغ‬tubūg tobaooo
‫ تبل‬tabala i to consume, waste, make sick (‫ه‬
s.o.; said of love) II, III and ‫ توبل‬taubala to
spice, season (‫ ھـ‬s.th)
‫ تابل‬tābal, tābil pl. ‫ توابل‬tawābil2
coriander (bot.); spice, condiment,
seasoning
‫ تبولة‬tabbūla (syr., leb.) a kind of salad
made of bulgur, parsley, mint, onion,
lemon juice, spices, and oil
‫ متبول‬matbūl (Iove-)sick, weak, ravaged,
consumed
‫ متبل‬mutabbal spiced, seasoned,
flavored; (syr., leb.) stuffed with a mixture
of rice, chopped meat and various spices,
e.g., ‫ بذنجان متبل‬stuffed eggplant
‫( تبلوه‬Fr. tableau) tablōh pl. -āt a painting
‫ تبن‬tibn straw
‫ تبنى‬tibnī straw-colored, flaxen
‫ تبان‬tabbān straw vendor
‫ درب التابنة‬darb at-tabbāna the Milky
Way
‫ متبن‬matban pl. ‫ متابن‬matābin2 straw-
stack
‫ تبيوكا‬tabiyōkā tapioca
1 subconscious; ‫( تحت تصرفه‬taṣarrufihī) at
‫ التتر‬at-tatar and ‫ التتار‬at-tatar the Tatars
‫ تترى‬tatarī Tatarian; Tatar
‫ تترى‬tatra (from ‫ )وتر‬one after the other,
successively, in succession
‫ تتك‬titik trigger
‫ تتن‬tutun tobacco
‫ تتنوس‬tetanūs tetanus (med.)
‫ تجر‬tajara u and VIII to trade, do business; to
deal (‫ فى‬or ‫ ب‬in s.th.) III do. (‫ ه‬with s.o.)
‫ تجارة‬tijāra commerce; traffic, trade;
merchandise
‫ تجارى‬tijārī commercial, mercantile,
trade, trading, business, (used
attributively); commercialized│‫بيت تجارى‬
(bait) commercial house, business house;
‫( الحركة التجارية‬ḥaraka) trade, traffic; ‫شركة‬
‫( تجارية‬širka) trading company; ‫اتفاق تجارى‬
(ittifāq) trade agreement
‫ متجر‬matjar pl. ‫ متاجر‬matājir2 bussiness,
transaction, dealing; merchandise; store,
shop
‫ متجرى‬matjar commercial, trade, trading,
business (used attributively)
‫ اتجار‬ittijār trade, business (‫ ب‬in s.th)
‫ تاجر‬tājir pl. ‫ تجار‬tujjār, tijār merchant,
trader, businessman, dealer, tradesman│
‫تاجر الجملة‬t. al-jumla wholesale dealer; ‫تاجر‬
‫ التجزئة‬t. at-tajzi’a and ‫ تاجر القطاعى‬t. al-
qiṯā‘ī retailer
‫ بضاعة تاجرة‬biḍā‘a tājira salable,
marketable merchandise
‫ تجاه‬tujāha (prep.) in front of, opposite, face to
face with, facing
‫ تحت‬taḥta (prep.) under; below, beneath,
underneath│ ‫( تحت‬tajriba) on probation;
in an experimental state; ‫ تحت التحضير‬in
preparation; ‫( تحت الحفظ‬ḥifẓ) in custody,
under guard; ‫( تحت السداد‬sadād), ‫تحت التسديد‬
due, outstanding, unsettled, unpaid (com.);
‫ تحت السالح‬under arms; ‫تحت سمعھم‬
(sam‘ihim) in their hearing, for them to
hear; ‫( تحت التسوية‬taswiya) outstanding,
unpaid, unsettled (com.); ‫تحت اشراف‬
(išrāfi) under the patronage or
superintendence of; ‫تحت الشعور‬
his disposal; ‫( تحت الطبع‬ṯab‘) in press; ‫تحت‬
‫‘( عنوان‬unwāni) under the title of; ‫تحت اعيننا‬
(a‘yuninā) before our eyes; ‫ تحت التمرين‬in
training; ‫( تحت اليد‬yad) in hand, at hand,
available, handy; ‫ تحت يده‬in his power; ‫من‬
‫ تحت‬min taḥt from under, from beneath;
under
‫ تحت‬taḥtu (adv.) below, beneath,
underneath
‫ تحتانى‬taḥtānī lower, under- (in
compounds)│ ‫مالبس تحتانية‬underwear
‫ تحف‬IV to present (‫ ب ه‬or ‫ ھـ ه‬s.o. with s.th)
 ‫ تحفة‬tuḥfa pl. ‫ تحف‬tuḥaf gift, present;
gem (fig.), curiosity, rarity, article of
virtu, objet d'art; work of art│‫تحفة فنية‬
(fannīya) unique work of art
‫ متحف‬matḥaf pl. ‫ متاحف‬matāḥif2
museum│ ‫ متحف الشمع‬m. aš-šam‘
waxworks
‫ تخ‬taḳḳa u to become sour, ferment (dough)
1
‫تخت‬pl. tuḳūt bed, couch; bench; seat; sofa;
chest, case, box, coffer, cabinet;
wardrobe; platform, dais; band,
orchestra│ ‫تخت الملك‬t. al-mulk throne;
royal residence, capital; ‫ تخت المملكة‬t. al-
mamlaka capital (of a country)
‫ تختروان‬،‫ تخت روان‬taḳtaruwān,
taḳtarawān mule-borne litter
2
‫ تختة‬taḳta board; desk; blackboard
‫ تختخ‬taḳtaḳa to rot, decay
1
‫ تخم‬taḳima a to suffer from indigestion, feel
sick from overeating IV to surfeit, satiate (
‫ ه‬s.o.) to give (‫ ه‬s.o.) indigestion, make
sick (‫ ه‬s.o.); to overstuff, cloy (‫ ه‬the
stomach) VIII = I
‫ تخمة‬tuḳama, tuḳma pl. ‫تخم‬, -āt
indigestion, dyspeptic
‫ متخوم‬matḳūm suffering from
indigestion, dyspeptic
2
‫تخم‬taḳama i to fix the limits of (‫)ھـ‬, delimit,
limit, confine, bound (‫ ھـ‬s.th.) III to border
(‫ ھـ‬on), be adjacent (‫ ھـ‬to s.th.)
‫ تخم‬taḳm pl. ‫ تخوم‬tuḳūm boundary,
border, borderline, limit
‫ متاخم‬mutāḳm neighboring, adjacent
‫ تدمر‬tadmur2, usually pronounced tudmur2
Palmyra (ancient city of Syria, now a
small village)
‫ تدمرى‬tadmurī, usually pronounced tudmurī
anyone│ ‫ال تدمرى‬nobody, not a living soul
‫( ترابيزة‬eg.; tarābēza) pl. -āt table
‫ تراخوما‬trāḳōmā trachoma (med.)
‫( تراس‬Fr. terrasse) terās terrace
‫ ترامواى‬،‫ ترام‬trām, tramwāy tramway
‫ ترب‬tariba a to be or become dusty, covered
with dust II and IV to cover with dust or
earth (‫ ه‬s.o., ‫ ھـ‬s.th.) III to be s.o.’s (‫)ه‬
mate or comrade, be of the same age (‫ ه‬as
s.o.) V to be dusty, be covered with dust
‫ ترب‬tirb pl. ‫ اتراب‬atrāb person of the
same age, contemporary, mate,
companion, comrade
‫ ترب‬tarib dusty, dust-covered
‫ تربة‬turba pl. ‫ ترب‬turab dust; earth, dirt;
ground (also fig.); soil; grave, tomb;
graveyard, cemetery, burial ground
‫ تربى‬turabī pl. -īya (eg.) gravedigger
‫ تراب‬turāb pl. ‫ اتربة‬atriba, ‫ تربان‬tirbān
dust, earth, dirt; ground, soil
‫ ترابى‬turābī dusty; dustlike, powdery;
earthlike, earthy; dust-colored, gray
O ‫ ترابة‬turāba cement
‫ تريبة‬tarība pl. ‫ ترائب‬tarā’ib2 chest,
thorax
‫ متربة‬matraba poverty, misery,
destitution; (pl. ‫ متارب‬matārib2) dirt quarry
‫ مترب‬mutrib dusty, dust-covered
‫ تربس‬tarbasa (= ‫ )دربس‬to bolt (‫ ھـ‬a door)
‫ ترباس‬tirbās pl. ‫ ترابيس‬tarābis2, ‫ترابس‬
tarābis2 bolt, l&tch (of a door or window)
‫ تربنتين‬tarbantīn turpentine
‫( تربيزة‬eg.) tarabēza table
‫ تربين‬trbīn pl. -āt turbine
‫ تراث‬see ‫وترث‬
‫ ترتر‬tirtir gold and silver spangles (eg.)
‫ ترجم‬tarjama to translate (‫ ھـ‬s.th. ‫ عن‬from one
language ‫ الى‬to another); to interpret (‫ھـ‬
s.th.); to treat (‫ ھـ‬of s.th.) by way of
explanation, expound (‫ ھـ‬s.th.); to write a
biography (‫ ل‬of s.o., also ‫)ه‬
‫ ترجم‬tarjama pl. ‫ تراجم‬tarājim2
translation; interpretation; biography (also
‫ ;)ترجمة الحياة‬introduction, preface,
foreword (of a book)│ ‫الترجمة السبعينية‬
(sab‘īnīya) the Septuagint
‫ ترجمان‬turjumān pl. ‫ تراجمة‬tarājima,
‫ تراجيم‬tarājim2 transla.tor, interpreter
,-:;" mutarjim translator, interpreter;
biographer
‫ مترجم‬mutarjam translated│‫مترجم على الفلم‬
(film) synchronized (film)
 1
‫ ترح‬tariḥa a (taraḥ) and V to grieve, be sad II
and IV to grieve, distress (‫ ه‬s.o.)
‫ ترح‬taraḥ pl. ‫ اتراح‬atrāḥ grief, distress,
sadness
‫ ترزى‬tarzī pl. ‫ ترزية‬tarzīya (eg.) tailor
‫ ترزية‬tarziya tailoring
1
‫ تراس‬look up alphabetically
2
‫ ترس‬II to provide with a shield or armor
‫ ترس‬turs pl. ‫ اترس‬atrās, ‫ تروس‬turūs
shield; disk of the sun; -- tirs pl. turūs
cogwheel, gear│ ‫ صندوق التروس‬ṣundūq al-
t. gearbox, transmission; ‫ سمك الترس‬samak
at-turs turbot (zool.)
‫ مترس‬matras, mitras pl. ‫ متارس‬matāris2 and
‫ متراس‬mitrās, pl. ‫ متاريس‬matārīs2 bolt, door
latch; rampart, bulwark, barricade; esp. pl.
‫ متاريس‬barricades
‫ ترسانة‬tarsāna, ‫ ترسحانة‬tarsḳāna arsenal;
shipyard, dockyard
‫( ترسكل‬Fr. tricycle) tricycle
‫( ترسينة‬It. terrazzino) tarasīna balcony
‫ ترع‬tari‘a a to be or become full (vessel) IV to
fill (‫ ھـ‬s.th., esp. a vessel)
‫ ترعة‬tur‘a pl. ‫ ترع‬tura‘, -āt canal;
artificial waterway│ ‫ ترعة االيراد‬t. al-īrād
feeder, irrigation canal; ‫ترعة التصريف‬
drainage canal (Eg.); ‫ الترعة الشريفة‬the
Residence of the Sultan of Morocco
‫ ترغلة‬،‫ ترغل‬turgul, turgulla turtledove
‫ ترف‬tarija a to live in opulence, in luxury IV
to effeminate (‫ ه‬s.o.); to provide with
opulent means, surround with luxury (‫ه‬
s.o.) V = I
‫ ترف‬taraf and ‫ ترفة‬turfa luxury,
opulence, affluence; effemination
‫ التركمان‬at-turkumān the Turkmen
‫ ترف‬tarif opulent, sumptuous, luxurious
‫ ترمبيط‬turumbēt (syr.) pl. -āt (Western) drum;
‫ مترف‬mutraf living in ease and luxury;
sumptuous, luxurious; luxuriously
adorned, ornate, overdecorated (‫ ب‬with)
‫ ترمبطجى‬turumbaṯgi (eg.) drummer; bandsman
‫ ترفاس‬tirfās (magr.) truffle (bot.)
‫ ترفل‬tarfala to strut
‫ ترقوة‬tarquwa pl. ‫ تراق‬tarāqin collarbone,
clavicle (anat.)
‫ ترنج‬turunj see ‫ اترنج‬،‫اترج‬
‫ ترك‬taraka u (tark) to let be, leave, relinquish,
renounce, give up, forswear (‫ ھـ‬s.th.); to
desist, refrain, abstain (‫ ھـ‬from s.th.); to
leave, quit (‫ ه‬s.o., ‫ ھـ‬a place); to leave out,
omit, drop, neglect, pass over, skip (‫ھـ‬
s.th.); to leave (‫ ل‬or ‫ الى ھـ‬s.th. to); to leave
behind, leave, bequeath, make over (‫ھـ‬
s.th., ‫ ل‬to s.o.; as a legacy)│ 93 ‫ تركه يفعل‬to
let s.o. do s.th.; ‫ ترك مكانا الى‬to leave one
place for (another); ‫( تركه في ذمته‬fī
dimmatihī) to leave s.th. in s.o.’s care,
leave s.th. to s.o.; ‫ تركه على حاله‬to leave
s.th. or s.o. unchanged, leave s.th. or s.o.
alone; ‫( تركه وشأنه‬wa-ša’nahū) to leave s.o.
alone, leave s.o. to his own devices III to
leave (‫ ه‬s.o.); to leave alone (‫ ه‬s.o.); to
leave off hostilities (‫ ه‬against s.o.)
‫ ترك‬tark omission, neglect;
relinquishment, abandonment; leaving,
leaving behind
‫ تركة‬tarika pl. -āt (also tirka) heritage,
legacy, bequest
‫ تريكة‬tarīka pl. ‫ ترائك‬tarā’ik2 old maid,
spinster
‫ متارك‬mutāraka truce
‫ متروك‬matrūk pl. -āt heritage, legacy
2
‫ ترك‬II to Turkify, Turkicize (‫ ه‬s.o.) X to
become a Turk, become Turkified, adopt
Turkish manners and customs
‫ الترك‬at-turk and ‫ االتراك‬al-atrāk the
Turks
‫ تركى‬turkī Turkish; Turk; ‫ التركية‬at-
turkīya theTurkish language
‫ تركيا‬turkiya Turkey
‫ تتريك‬tatrīk Turkification
‫ تركستان‬turkistān2 Turkstan
‫ ترمبيطة‬turumbīṯa (eg.) pl. -āt do.; specif.,
bass drum
(mil.)
‫ ترمس‬turmus, ‫ ترموس‬turmūs lupine (bot.)
‫ ترمومتر‬termūmitr thermometer
‫ تره‬tariha a to concern o.s. with trifles
‫ ترھة‬turraha pl. -āt sham, mockery,
farce; lie, humbug, hoax
‫( ترواده‬Fr. Troade) tirwāda Troy
‫( تروب‬Engl. troop) squad, platoon; squadron│
‫( تروب سوارى‬sawārī) cavalry squadron
(Eg.)
‫ ترمبيتجى = ترمبطجى‬see under ‫ ترمبيط‬above
‫ ترياق‬tiryāq theriaca; antidote
‫( تريكو‬Fr.) tricot
‫ تسعة‬tis‘a (f. ‫ تسع‬tis‘) nine
‫ تسعة عشر‬tis‘ata ‘ašara, f. ‫ تسع عشرة‬tis‘a
‘ašrata nineteen
‫ تسع‬tus‘ pl. ‫ اتساع‬atsā‘ one ninth, the
ninth part
‫ تسعون‬tis‘ūn ninety
‫ التاسع‬at-tāsi‘ the ninth
‫ تشرين االول‬tišrīn2 al-wwal October, ‫تشرين الثانى‬
t. at-tānī November (Syr., Ir., Leb., Jord.)
‫ تشيكوسلوفاكيا‬tšekoslovākiyā Czechoslovakia
‫ تشيلى‬tšīlī Chile
2
‫ تطوان‬tiṯwān Tetuēn (city in N Morocco)
‫ تع‬abbreviation of ‫تعالى‬, see ‫علو‬
‫ تعب‬ta‘iba a (ta‘ab) to work hard, toil, slave,
drudge, wear o.s. out; to be or become
tired, weary (‫ من‬of s.th.) IV to trouble,
inconvenience (‫ ه‬s.o.); to irk, bother,
weary, tire, fatigue (‫ ه‬s.o.)
‫ تعب‬ta‘ab pl. ‫ اتعاب‬at‘āb trouble,
exertion, labor, toil, drudgery; burden,
nuisance, inconvenience, discomfort,
difficulty, hardship; tiredness, weariness,
fatigue; pl. ‫ اتعاب‬fees, honorarium
‫ تعب‬ta‘ib and ‫ تعبان‬ta‘bān tired, weary,
exhausted 94
‫ متاعب‬matā‘ib2 troubles, pains, efforts;
discomforts, inconveniences, difficulties,
troubles; complaints, ailments, ills
(attending disease); hardships, strains
‫ متعب‬mut‘ib troublesome, inconvenient,
toilsome, laborious; burdensome, irksome,
annoying; wearisome, tiresome, tiring;
tedious, dull, boring
‫ متعب‬mut‘ab tired, weary
‫ تعتع‬ta‘ta‘a to stammer; to shake (‫ ه‬s.o.); ‫اتعتع‬
itta‘ta‘a to move, stir
‫ تعز‬ta‘izz2 Taizz (city in S Yemen, seat of
government)
‫ تعس‬ta‘asa a, ta‘isa a to fall, perish; to
become wretched, miserable; ta‘asa and
IV to make unhappy or miserable, ruin
(s.o.)
‫ تعس‬ta‘s and ‫ تعاسة‬ta‘āsa wretchedness,
misery
‫ تعس‬ta‘is and ‫ تعيس‬ta‘īs pl. ‫ تعساء‬tu‘asā’
wretched, miserable, unfortunate, unhappy
‫ متعوس‬mat‘ūs pl. ‫ متاعيس‬matā‘is
wretched, miserable, unfortunate, unhappy
‫ تف‬taffa to spit II to say "phew"
‫ تف‬tuff dirt under the fingernails; ‫تفا لك‬
tuffan laka phew! fie on you!
O ‫ تفافة‬taffāfa spittoon, cuspidor
‫ تفتا‬tafettā, ‫ تفتاه‬taffeta
‫ تفاح‬tuffaḥ (call.; n. un. ‫ )ة‬apple(s)
‫ تفكة‬tufka pl. ‫ تفك‬tufak (ir.) gun, rifle
‫ تفل‬tafala u i (tafl) to spit
‫ تفل‬tufl and ‫ تفال‬tufāl spit, spittle, saliva
‫ تافل‬tāfil ill-smelling, malodorous
‫ متفلة‬mitfala spittoon, cuspidor
‫ تفه‬tafiha a (tafah, ‫ تفاھة‬tafāha, ‫ تفوه‬tufūh) to be
little, paltry, insignificant; to be flat,
tasteless, vapid, insipid
‫ تفه‬tafah and ‫ تفه‬tufūh paltriness,
triviality, insignificance
‫ تفاھة‬tafāha paltrineBB, triviality,
insignificance flatness, vapidity,
insipidity, tastelessness; inanity, stupidity,
silliness
‫ تفه‬tafih and ‫ تافه‬tāfih little, paltry,
trivial, trifling, insignificant; worthless;
commonplace, common, mediocre; flat,
tasteless, vapid, insipid; trite, banal
‫ تافھة‬tāfiha pl. ‫ توافه‬tawāfih2 worthless
thing; triviality, trifle
‫ تقاوى‬see ‫قوى‬
‫ تقلية‬see ‫قلى‬

‫ تقن‬IV to perfect, bring to perfection (‫ ھـ‬s.th; to
master, know well (‫ ھـ‬s.th., e.g., a
language), be proficient, skillful, well-
versed (‫ ھـ‬in s.th.)
‫ تقن‬tiqn skillful, adroit
‫ تقانة‬taqāna firmness, solidity; perfection
‫ اتقن‬atqan2 more perfect, more thorough
‫ اتقان‬itqān perfection; thoroughness,
exactitude, precision; thorough skill,
proficiency; mastery, command (e.g., of a
special field, of a language)│ ‫فى غاية االتقان‬
to greatest perfection; of excellent
workmanship
‫ متقن‬mutqan perfect; exact, precise
‫ تقى‬taqā i to fear (esp. God) VIII see ‫وقى‬
‫ تقى‬taqīy pl. ‫ اتقياء‬atqiyā’2 God-fearing,
godly, devout, pious
‫ اتقى‬atqā more pious
‫ تقى‬tuqan and ‫ تقوى‬taqwā godliness,
devoutness, piety
1 ‫ ھـ‬s.th.); to ruin, damage, spoil, break (‫ھـ‬
‫تك‬takka u to trample down, trample
underfoot, crush (‫ ھـ‬s.th.); to intoxicate (‫ه‬
s.o.; wine)
2
‫تك‬tikka pl. ‫ تكك‬tikak waistband (in the upper
seam of the trousers) 95
3 good-for-nothing
‫ تك‬takka to tick (clock)
‫ تكة‬tikka pl. -āt ticking, ticktock (of a
clock), ticking noise
3
‫ تكية‬look up alphabetically
‫ تكوت‬tukūt pl. of Engl. ticket
1
‫ تكتك‬taktaka to trample down, trample
underfoot (‫ ھـ‬s.th)
2
‫ تكتك‬taktaka to bubble, simmer (boiling mass)
3
‫ تكتك‬taktaka to tick (clock)
‫ تكتكة‬taktaka ticking, ticktock (of a
clock), ticking noise
4
‫ تكتيك‬taktīk tactics
‫تكية‬takīya pl. ‫ تكايا‬takāyā monastery (of a
Muslim order); hospice; home, asylum
(for the invalided or needy)
1
‫ تل‬tall pl. ‫ تالل‬tilāl, ‫ اتالل‬atlāl, ‫ تلول‬tulūl hill,
elevation│ ‫تل ابيب‬t. abīb Tel Aviv (city in
W Israel)
2
‫ تل‬tull tulle
‫ تالتل‬talātil2 hardships, troubles, adversities
‫ تليد‬talīd, ‫ تالد‬tālid, ‫ تالد‬tilād inherited, time-
honored, old (possession, property)
‫ تلسكوب‬tiliskūb telescope
‫ تلع‬IV to stretch one's neck; to crane (‫ ھـ‬the
neck)
‫ تلعة‬tal‘a pl. ‫ تالع‬tilā‘ hill, hillside,
mountainside; (torrential) stream
‫ تليع‬talī‘ long, outstretched, extended;
high, tall
‫ تلغراف‬tiligrāf, taligrāf pl. -āt telegraph;
telegram, wire, cable│‫ ارسل تلغرافا الى‬to
send a wire to
‫ تلغرافى‬tiligrāfī, taligrāfī telegraphic
‫ تلف‬talafa a (talaf) to be annihilated, be
destroyed; to be or become damaged or
spoiled, be ruined, break, get broken, go
to pieces II to ruin (‫ ھـ‬s.th.); to wear out,
“finish” (‫ ه‬s.o.) IV to destroy, annihilate (
s.th.); to waste (‫ ھـ‬s.th.)
‫ تلف‬talaf ruin, destruction; ruination,
damage, injury, harm.; loss; waste
‫ تلفان‬talfān spoiled; useless, worthless,
‫ متلف‬matlaf, ‫ متلفة‬matlafa pl. ‫متالف‬
matālif2 desert
‫ متالف‬mitlāl wastrel; ruinous, harmful,
injurious
‫ اتالف‬itlāf pl. -āt annihilation,
destruction; damage, injury, harm
‫ تالف‬tālif ruined, damaged, broken;
spoiled, bad
‫ متلوف‬matlūf and ‫ متلف‬mutlaf ruined,
damaged, broken; spoiled, bad
‫ متلف‬mutlif annihilator, destroyer;
injurer; damaging, ruinous, harmful,
injurious, noxious
‫ تلفز‬talfaza to televise, transmit by television
‫ تلفزة‬talfaza television
‫ اذاعة تلفازية‬iḍāfa talfāẓīya television
broadcast, telecast
O ‫ تلفاز‬tilfāz television set
‫( تلفزيون‬Fr. télévision) tilivisyōn television
‫ تلفن‬talfana to telephone
‫ تلفون‬tilifūn and ‫ تليفون‬talīfūn pl. –āt telephone
‫ تلقاء‬see ‫لقى‬
‫ تلك‬tilka fem. of the demonstrative pronoun ‫ذلك‬
‫ تلم‬talam pl. ‫ اتالم‬atlām (plow) furrow
‫ تلمذ‬talmada to take on as, or have for, a pupil
or apprentice (‫ ه‬s.o.); to be or become a
pupil or apprentice (‫ ل‬of s.o., 96 also ‫)على‬,
receive one’s schooling or training (‫على‬
from) II tatalmada to be or become a
pupil or apprentice (‫ ل‬or ‫ على يده‬of s.o.),
work as an apprentice (‫ ل‬or ‫ على يده‬under
s.o.)
‫ تلمذة‬talmada school days, college years;
apprenticeship; (time of) probation
‫ تلماذ‬tilmād learning, erudition
‫ تلميذ‬tilmīd pl. ‫ تالميذ‬talāmīd2, ‫تالمذة‬
talamida pupil, student, apprentice;
probationer; trainee; disciple│ ‫تلميذ بحرى‬
(baḥrī) approx.: chief warrant W-3 (naval
rank; Eg.); ‫( تلميذ سفرى‬safarī) approx.:
chief warrant W-4 (naval rank; Eg.)
‫ تلميذة‬tilmīda pl. –āt girl student
‫ تلمسان‬tilimsān2 Tlemcen (city in NW Algeria)
‫ تلمود‬talmūd Talmud
‫ تله‬taliha a (talah) to be astonished, amazed,
perplexed, at a loss
‫ تاله‬tālih and ‫ متله‬mutallah at a loss,
bewildered, perplexed│‫ تاله العقل‬t. al-‘aql
absent-minded, distracted
(‫ )تال )تلو‬talā u (‫ تلو‬tulūw) to follow, succeed; to
ensue; -- (‫ تالوة‬tilāwa) to read, read out
loud (‫ ھـ‬s.th., ‫ على‬to s.o..); to recite (‫ھـ‬
s.th.) VI to follow one another, be
successive
‫ تلو‬tilwa (prep.) after, upon│‫ارسل كتابا تلو‬
‫ كتاب‬to send letter after letter
‫ تالوة‬tilāwa reading; public reading;
recital, recitation
‫ تال‬tālin following, succeeding,
subsequent, next; ‫ بالتالى‬bi-t-tālī then, later,
subsequently; consequently, hence,
therefore, accordingly
‫ متتال‬mutatālin successive, consecutive
‫ تلى‬tallī (tun.) tulle
‫ تليباثى‬tilībātī telepathy; telepathic
‫ تليس‬tallīs, tillis pl. ‫ تالليس‬talālīs2 sack
‫( تليفزيون‬Fr. télévision) tilīvisyōn television
‫ تليفون‬pl. –āt talīfūn telephone
‫ تليفونى‬talifūnī telephonic, telephone- in
compounds)
‫ تم‬tamma i to be or beoome complete,
completed, finished, done; to be
performed, be accomplished (‫ ل‬by s.o..);
to come to an end, be or become
terminated; to come about, be brought
about, be effected, be achieved, come to
pass, come off, happen, take place, be or
become a fact; to be on hand, be there,
present itself; to persist (‫ على‬in); to
continue (‫ على‬s.th. or to do s.th.) II and IV
to complete, finish, wind up, conclude,
terminate (‫ ھـ‬s.th.); to make complete,
supplement, round out, fill up (‫ ھـ‬s.th.); to
carry out, execute, perform, accomplish,
achieve (‫ ھـ‬s.th.) X to be complete,
completed, finished
‫ تمام‬tamām completeness, wholeness,
entirety, perfection; full, whole, entire,
complete, perfect; separate, independent;
‫ تماما‬tamāman completely, entirely,
wholly, perfectly, fully, quite; precisely,
exactly│ ‫(بدر تمام‬badr) and ‫( قمر تمام‬qamar)
full moon; ‫ فى تمام الساعة السادسة‬at 6 o'clock
sharp; ‫( بتمام معنى الكلمة‬ma‘nā l-kalima) in
the full sense of the word; ‫ بالتمام‬entirely,
completely
‫ تميمة‬tamīma pl. ‫ تمائم‬tamā’im2 amulet
‫ اتم‬atamm2 more complete, more perfect
‫ تتمة‬tatimma completion;
supplementation; supplement
‫ تتميم‬tatmīm completion; perfection;
consummation, execution, fulfillment,
realization, effectuation, accomplishment
‫ اتمام‬itmām completion; perfection;
termination, conclusion; consummation,
execution, fulfillment, realization,
effectuation, accomplishment 97
‫ استتمام‬istitmām termination, conclusion
 ‫ تام‬tāmm complete, perfect, entire,
consummate; of full value, sterling,
genuine
‫ تمباك‬tumbāk Persian tobacco (esp. for the
narghile)
‫ تمتم‬tamtama to stammer, mumble, mutter; to
recite under one's breath (‫ ب‬s.th)
‫ تمر‬tamr (coll.; n. un. ‫ة‬, pl. tamarat, ‫تمور‬
tumūr) dates, esp. dried ones│ ‫تمر ھندى‬
(hindī) tamarind (bot.)
‫( تمرجى‬eg. tamargī), ‫ تومرجى‬،‫ تمورجى‬pl. -ya
male nurse, hospital attendant; ‫ تمرجية‬pl.
-āt female nurse
‫ تموز‬look up alphabetically
‫ تمساح‬timsāḥ pl. ‫ تماسيح‬tamāsīḥ2 crocodile
‫ تمغة‬tamga stamp; stamp mark│‫ورق تمغة‬
waraq t. stamped paper
‫ تمن‬tumman rice
‫ تموز‬tammūz2 July (Syr., Ir., Leb., Jord.)
1
‫ تن‬tunn tuna (zool.)
2 matāb) to repent, be penitent, do penance,
‫ تينن‬tinnīn pl. ‫ تنانين‬tanānīn2 sea monster;
Draco (astro.); waterspout (meteor.), see
also alphabetically
‫ تانئ‬tāni’ pl. ‫ تناء‬tunnā’ resident
‫ تنباك‬tunbāk (pronounced tumbāk) and ‫تنبك‬
tumbak Persian tobacco (esp. for the
narghile)
‫ تنبال‬tinbāl pl. ‫ تنابيل‬tanābīl2 short, of small
Stature
‫( تنبر‬Fr. timbre) tambar pl. ‫ تنابر‬tanābir2 stamp
(magr.)
‫ متنبر‬mutambar stamped (magr.)
‫( تنبل‬Turk. tembel) tambal pl. ‫ تنابلة‬tanābila
lazy
‫( تنجستين‬Fr. tungstène) tongəstēn tungsten
‫( تندة‬It. tenda) tanda awning, roofing, sun roof
‫ تنور‬tannūr pl. ‫ تنانير‬tanānīr2 a kind of baking
oven, a pit, usually clay-lined, for baking
bread
‫ تنورة‬tannūra (syr., leb.) (lady's) skirt
‫ تنس‬tennis
1
‫ تنك‬tanak tin plate
‫ تنكجى‬tanakjī tinsmith, whitesmith
‫ تنكة‬tanaka pl. -āt tin container, can, pot,
jerry can
2
‫ تانك‬tānika see ‫ تاك‬alphabetically
‫ تنيس‬tennis
‫ تنين‬tannīn tannin, tannic acid
‫ تھته‬tahtaha to stammer, stutter
1
‫تھمة‬tuhma pl. ‫ تھم‬tuham accusation, charge;
suspicion; insinuation
2
‫ تھامة‬tihāma2 Tihama, coastal plain along the
southwestern and southern shores of the
Arabian Peninsula
‫ توا‬tawwan right away, at once, immediately;
just (now), this very minute│ ‫للتو‬li-t-tawwi
at once, right away, also with pers. suffix.:
‫ لتوى‬li-tawwī, ‫ لتوھا‬li-tawwihā (I have, she
has) just ... ; at once, presently,
immediately
‫( تواليت‬Fr. toilette) tuwālēt toilette
‫ توأم‬see ‫تأم‬
(‫ توب( تاب‬tāba u (‫ توب‬taub, ‫ توبة‬tauba, ‫متاب‬
with ‫عن‬: to turn from (sin), be converted
from, renounce, forswear s.th.; (said of
God) to restore to His grace, forgive (‫على‬
s.o.)│‫ تاب الى ﷲ‬to turn to God in
repentance II to induce to repentance or
penitence, make repent (‫ ه‬s.o.) X to call on
s.o. (‫ )ه‬to repent
‫ توبة‬tauba repentance, penitence,
contrition; penance 98
‫ تواب‬tawwāb doing penance; repentant,
penitent, contrite; forgiving, merciful
(God)
‫ تائب‬tā’ib repentant, penitent, contrite
‫ توبل‬see ‫تبل‬
‫ توبوغرافيا‬tobogrāfiyā topography
1
‫ توت‬tūt mulberry tree; mulberry│‫توت ارضى‬
(ardī) and ‫( توت افرنجى‬ifranjī) strawberry;
‫( توت شوكى‬šaukī) and ‫ توت العليق‬t. al-‘ullaiq
raspberry
2
‫ توت‬tūt the first month of the Coptic calendar
‫ توتيا‬tūtiyā, ‫ توتياء‬tūtiyā’, ‫ توتية‬zinc
‫ توج‬II to crown (‫ ه‬s.o.; also fig. ‫ ب ھـ‬s.th. with)
V to be crowned
 ‫ تاج‬pl. ‫ تيجان‬tījān crown; miter (of a
bishop)│‫ تاج العمود‬t. al-‘amūd capital of a
column or pilaster); ‫ تاج الكرة‬t. al-kura
calotte
‫ تويج‬tuwaij little crown, coronet
‫ تتويج‬tatwīj crowning, coronation
‫ توجو‬tōgo and ‫ توجولند‬tōgōland (Eg. spelling)
Togo (region in W Africa)
(‫ توح( تاح‬see ‫تيح‬
‫ تارة‬tāratan once; sometimes, at times│– ‫تارة‬
‫ تارة – طورا‬،‫( تارة‬ṯauran), ‫( تارة – اخرى‬uḳrā)
sometimes – sometimes, at times – at
other times
‫ توراة‬taurāh Torah, Pentateuch; Old Testament
‫ توربيد‬،‫ تورپيد‬turpīd, turbīd torpedo (sub-marine
missile)
‫ توربين‬turbīn pl. -āt turbine
‫ تورتة‬torta pl. -āt pie, tart
(‫ توق( تاق‬tāqa u (tauq, ‫ توقان‬tawaqān) to long.,
yearn, wish (‫ الى‬for), hanker (‫ الى‬after),
desire, crave, covet (‫ الى‬s.th.), strive (‫الى‬
for), aspire (‫ الى‬to)
‫ توق‬tauq, ‫ توقان‬tawaqān longing,
yearning, craving, desire
‫ تواق‬tawwāq longing, yearning, eager (
‫ الى‬for), craving (‫ الى‬s.th)
‫ تائق‬tā’iq longing, yearning, eager (‫الى‬
for), craving (‫ الى‬s.th)
‫( توكة امامية‬tōka amāmīya; eg.) belt buckle
(mil.)
‫ تول‬tūl tulle
‫ تومرجى‬see ‫تمرجى‬
‫ تون‬tūn and ‫ تونة‬tūna (zool.)
‫( تونج‬Turk. tunç) tunj bronze
‫تونس‬tūnus2 Tunis
‫ تونسى‬tūnisīy pl. ‫ توانسة‬tawānisa Tunisian
(adj. and n.)
‫ تونية‬tūniya pl. ‫ توانى‬alb of priests and deacons
(Chr.)
(‫ توه( تاه‬tāha u and II = (‫ تيه( تاه‬tāha i and II
‫ توھة‬tūha daughter
‫( تياترو‬It. teatro) tiyātrō theater
□ ‫ تيتل‬taital pl. ‫ تياتل‬see ‫ثيتل‬
‫ تيتنوس‬tītānūs tetanus (med.)
(‫ تيح( تاح‬tāḥa i to be destined, be foreordained
(by fate, by God; ‫ ل‬to s.o.); to be granted,
be given (‫ ل‬to s.o.) IV to destine,
foreordain (‫ ھـ ل‬to s.o. s.th.); to grant,
afford, offer (‫ ھـ ل‬s.o. s.th.); pass. utīḥa to
be destined, be foreordained, be granted,
be given (‫ ل‬to s.o.)│‫( اتيح له التوفيق‬utīḥa) he
met with success, he was successful; ‫اتيح له‬
‫( الفرصة‬furṣa) he was given the
opportunity, he had the chance .
‫ تيار‬tayyār pl. -āt flow, stream, course, current,
flood; fall (of a stream); movement,
tendency, trend; draft (of air); (el.)
current│O ‫( تيار مباشر‬mubāšir) and ‫تيار‬
‫ مستمر‬mustamirr) direct current; O ‫تيار‬
‫( متناوب‬mutanāwib) and O ‫تيار متغير‬
(mutagayyir) alternating current; O ‫تيار‬
‫ متذبذب‬mutadabdib) oscillating current
(el.); O ‫( يار نابض‬nābiḍ) pulaoting current;
99 O ‫( يار سريع التردد‬sarī‘ at-taraddud)
high-frequency current; O ‫تياربطيء التردد‬
(baṯī’ at-taraddud) low-frequency current;
O ‫‘( تيار عالى الجھد‬ālī l-jahd) heigh-tension
current; O ‫( تيار واطئ الجھد‬wāṯI’ al-jahd)
low-tension current; O ‫( تيار ذاتى‬dātī) self-
induced current
O ‫ متار‬matār (Byr.) dynamo, generator
‫( تيزة‬Turk. teyze) tēza maternal aunt
‫ تيس‬tais pl. ‫ اتياس‬atyās, ‫ تيوس‬tuyūs billy goat
‫ اتيس‬atyās2 foolish, crazy
‫ الحمى التيفودية‬al-hummā t-tīfūdīya typhoid
fever
‫ تيفوس‬tīfūs typhus
‫ تيك‬tīka fem. of the demonstrative pronoun ‫ذاك‬
dāka
1
‫ تيل‬II (from Turk. tel) to cable, wire, telegraph
(syr.)
2
‫ تيل‬tīl hemp; linen
3
‫ تيلة‬tīla fiber, staple
1
(‫ تيم( تام‬tāma I (taim) to become enslaved,
enthralled by love; to enslave, make
blindly subservient (‫ ه‬s.o.; through love) II
to enslave, enthrall (love; ‫ ه‬s.o.); to make
 blindly subservient, drive out of his mind,
infatuate (‫ ه‬s.o.; love)
‫ متيم‬mutayyam enslaved, enthralled (by
love), infatuated
2 reprisal│‫ أخذ ثأره‬or ‫ أخذ بالثأر‬to take
‫ تيماء‬taimā’ Taima (oasis in NW Arabia)
‫ تيمارجى‬see ‫تمرجى‬
‫ تين‬tīn (coll.; n. un. ‫ )ة‬fig │‫( تين شوكي‬šaukī)
fruit of the Indian fig (Opuntia ficusindica
‫ ثؤلول‬tu’lūl and ‫ ثؤلولة‬tu’lūla pl. ‫ ثآليل‬ta’ālīl2
Haw.)
‫ تينك‬tainika see ‫ تاك‬alphabetically
‫ ثأى‬ta’ā scars
(‫ تيه( تاه‬tāha i to get lost, wander about, 1ose
‫ ثبت‬tabata u (‫ ثبات‬tabāt, ‫ ثبوت‬tubūt) to stand
one's way, go astray; to stray, wander
(thoughts); to escape (‫ من‬s.o.), slip (‫من‬
s.o.’s memory); to perish, be destroyed, be
lost; to be perplexed, startled, astonished;
to be haughty; to swagger, boast, brag (‫على‬
to s.o.)│‫ تتيه على وجھه ابتسامة‬asmile flits
over his face II to mislead, lead astray (‫ه‬
s.o.); to distract, divert (‫ ه‬s.o.); to confuse,
confound, bewilder (‫ ه‬s.o.) IV = II
‫ تيه‬tīh desert, trackless wilderness; maze,
labyrinth; haughtiness, pride
‫ تياه‬tayyāh straying, stray, wandering;
haughty
‫ تيھان‬taihān2 straying, stray, wandering;
perplexed, at a loss, bewildered; proud,
hughty
‫ تيھاء‬taihā’2 and matāha a trackless,
desolate region; ‫ متاھة‬maze, labyrinth
‫ تائه‬tā’ih straying, stray, wandering,
roving, errant; lost in thought, distracted,
absent-minded; lost, forlorn; infinite;
haughty
‫( تيوليب‬Engl.) tulip
‫ث‬
‫ ث‬abbreviation of ‫ ثانية‬second (time unit)
‫ ثاء‬tā’ name of the letter ‫ث‬
‫ ثئب‬ta’iba a (‫ ثأب‬ta’b) and VI to yawn
‫ ثؤباء‬tu’abā’ yawning, yawn; fatigue,
weariness
‫ ثأر‬ta’ara a (ta’r) to avenge the blood of (‫ ه‬or
‫)ب‬, take blood revenge (‫ ه‬for 100 s.o.
killed), take vengeance, avenge o.s. (‫ب ه‬
on s.o. for, also ‫ من‬or ‫ ل‬for) IV and VIII
‫ اثأر‬itta’ara to get one’s revenge, be
avenged
‫ ثأر‬ta’r pl. -āt ‫ أثآر‬at’ār, ‫ آثار‬ātār revenge,
vengeance, blood revenge; retaliation,
revenge, avenge o.s.; ‫ مباراة الثأر‬mubārāt
at-t. return match (sports)
‫ ثائر‬tā’ir avenger
wart
firm, be fixed, stationary, immovable,
unshakable, firm, strong, stable; to hold
out, hold one's ground (‫ ل‬against s.o. or
s.th.), be firm, remain firm (‫ ل‬toward s.o.
or s.th.), withstand, resist, defy (‫ ل‬s.o. or
s.th.); to be established, be proven (fact);
to remain, stay (‫ ب‬at a place); to maintain
(‫ على‬s.th.), keep, stick, adhere (‫ على‬to
s.th.), abide or stand by s.th. (‫ ;على‬e.g., by
an agreement); to insist (‫ على‬on)│ ‫ثبت فى‬
‫( وجھه‬fī wajhihī) to hold one’s own against
s.o., assert o.s. against s.o. II to fasten,
make fast, fix (‫ ھـ‬s.th.); to consolidate,
strengthen (‫ ھـ‬s.th.); to stabilize (‫ ھـ‬s.th.);
to confirm, corroborate, substantiate (‫ھـ‬
s.th.); to appoint permanently (. s.o.; to an
office); to prove, establish (‫ ھـ‬s.th.),
demonstrate, show (‫ بان‬that); to prove
guilty, convict (‫ على‬a defendant); to
confirm (Chr.)│ ‫(ثبت بصره به‬baṣarahu) to
fix one’s eyes on, gaze at; ‫ثبت قدميه‬
(qadamaihi) to gain a foothold IV to
establish, determine (‫ ھـ‬s.th.); to assert as
valid or authentic, affirm (‫ ھـ‬s.th.); to
confirm, corroborate, substantiate (‫ھـ‬
s.th.); to prove (‫ على ھـ‬s.th. to s.o.; ‫ ل‬to
s.o., ‫ ان‬that); to demonstrate, show (‫ھـ‬
s.th.); to furnish competent evidence (‫ھـ‬
for); to bear witness, attest (‫ ھـ‬to); to
acknowledge (‫ ھـ‬s.th., e.g., a qualification,
a quality, ‫ ل‬in s.o.), concede (‫ ل ھـ‬s.th. to
s.o.); to prove guilty, convict (‫ على‬a
defendant); to enter, record, register, list (
‫ فى ھـ‬s.th. in a book, in a rooter, etc.)│ ‫اثبته‬
‫( فى الورق‬waraq) to put s.th. down in
writing, get s.th. on paper; ‫اثبت الشخص‬
(šaḳṣa) to determine s.o.’s identity,
identify s.o.; ‫( اثبت شخصيته‬šaḳṣīyatahū) to
identify o.s., prove one’s identity V to
ascertain, verify (‫ فى‬s.th., ‫ ھل‬if), make sure
(‫ فى‬of s.th., ‫ ھل‬if); to consider carefully (‫فى‬
s.th.), proceed with caution (‫ فى‬in) X to
show o.s. stead-fast, persevering; to seek
to verify (‫ ھـ‬s.th.), try to make sure (‫ ھـ‬of),
seek confirmation of or reassurance with
regard to (‫ ;)ھـ‬to ascertain, verify (‫ ھـ‬s.th.),
make sure (‫ ھـ‬of s.th.); to find right,
proven or true, see confirmed (‫ ھـ‬s.th.); to
regard as authentic (‫ ھـ‬s.th.)
‫ ثبت‬tabt firm, fixed, established;
steadfast, unflinching; brave
‫ ثبت‬tabat reliable, trustworthy, credible
‫ ثبت‬tabat pl. ‫ اثبات‬atbāt list, index, roster
‫ ثبات‬tabāt firmness; steadiness,
constancy, permanence, stability;
certainty, sureness; perseverance,
persistence, endurance; continuance,
maintenance, retention (‫ على‬of s.th.),
adherence (‫ على‬to)
‫ ثبوت‬tubūt constancy, immutability,
steadiness; permanence, durability;
certainty, sureness│ ‫ثبوت الشھر‬t. aš-šahr
the official determination of the beginning
of a lunar month
‫ اثبت‬atbat more reliable, firmer, steadier,
etc.
‫ تثبيت‬tatbīt consolidation, strengthening;
stabilization; confirmation; corroboration,
substantiation│ ‫ سر التثبيت‬sirr at-t. the
Sacrament of Confirmation (Chr.)
‫ اثبات‬itbāt establishment; assertion;
confirmation; affirmation, attestation;
demonstration; proof, evidence; 101
registration, entering, listing, recording;
documentation, authentication,
verification│ ‫ شاھد اثبات‬witness for the
prosecution; ‫‘ عبء االثبات‬ib’ al-i. burden of
proof (jur.)
‫ اثباتى‬itbātī affirmative, confirmatory,
corroborative, positive
‫ تثبت‬tatabbut ascertainment; verification,
examination, check; careful, cautious
procedure, circumspection; interment (of
the remains of a saint; Chr.)
‫ ثابت‬tābit firm, fixed, established;
stationary, immovable; steady, invariable,
constant, stable; permanent, lasting,
durable, enduring; confirmed, proven; a
constant│ ‫ ثابت الجأش‬t. al-ja’š undismayed,
fearless, staunch, steadfast; ‫ ثابت العزم‬t.
al-‘azm firmly resolved, determined; ‫امالك‬
‫ ثابتة‬and ‫ أموال ثابتة‬immovable property, real
estate, realty; O ‫ ثابت االتجاه‬t. al-ittijāh
unidirectional, rectified (el.)
‫ ثابتة‬tābita pl. ‫ ثوابت‬tawābit2 fixed star
‫ مثبوت‬matbūt established, confirmed;
certain, sure, positive, assured; proven
‫ ثبر‬tabara u to destroy, ruin (‫ ه‬s.o.); (‫ثبور‬
tubūr) to perish III to apply o.s. with zeal
and perseverance (‫ على‬to s.th.), persevere,
persist (‫ على‬in)
‫ ثبور‬tubūr ruin, destruction│‫نادى بالويل‬
‫ والثبور )دعا‬or) nādā (da‘ā) bi-l-wail wa-t-t.
to wail, burst into loud laments
‫ مثابرة‬mutābara persistence,
perseverance, endurance; diligence,
assiduity
‫ ثبط‬tabaṯa u and II to hold back, keep, prevent
(‫ عن ه‬s.o. from doing s.th.); to hinder,
handicap, impede, slow down, set back (
‫ ه‬،‫ ھـ‬s.o., s.th.); to bring about the failure (
‫ ھـ‬of s.th.), frustrate (‫ ھـ‬s.th.)
‫ ثبنة‬tubna pl. ‫ ثبن‬tuban lap, fold of a garment
(used as a receptacle)
‫ ثبان‬tibān = ‫ ثبنة‬tubna
‫ ثيتل‬look up alphabetically
‫ ثج‬tajja u to flow coplously
‫ ثجاج‬tajjāj coplously flowing, streaming
‫ ثخن‬taḳuna u to be or become thick, thicken; to
be firm, solid, compact IV to wear out,
exhaust, weaken (‫ ه‬s.o.)│‫اثخنه ضربا‬
(ḍarban) to wallop s.o., give s.o. a sound
thrashing; ‫‘( اثخن فى العدو‬aduw) to massacre
the enemy; ‫ اثخنه بالجراح‬to weaken s.o. by
inflicting wounds
‫ ثخن‬tiḳan, ‫ ثخانة‬taḳāna, ‫ ثخونة‬tuḳūna
thickness, density; consistency;
compactness
‫ ثخين‬taḳīn pl. ‫ ثخناء‬tuḳanā’2 thick; dense
‫ ثدى‬tady and tadyan m. and f., pl. ‫ اثداء‬atdā’
female breast; udder
‫ ثر‬tarr abounding in water│ ‫( ثرة من الدمع‬dam‘)
tear-wet, tear-blurred (eye)
‫ ثرب‬taraba i (tarb) and II to blame, censure (‫ه‬
and ‫ على‬s.o.)
‫ تثريب‬tatrīb blame, censure, reproof
‫ ثرثر‬tartara (‫ ثرثرة‬tartara) to chatter, prattle
‫ ثرثار‬tartār prattler, chatterbox; ‫ثرثارة‬
tartāra do. (fem.)
‫ ثرثرة‬tartara chatter, prattle
‫ ثرد‬tarada u to crumble and sop (‫ ھـ‬bread)
‫ ثريد‬jarid a dish of sopped bread, meat
and broth
‫ مثرد‬mitrad bowl
‫ ثرم‬tarama i (tarm) to knock s.o.’o (‫ )ه‬tooth
out; -- tarima a (taram) to have a gap
between two teeth
(‫ ثرو‬and ‫ ثرى( ثرى‬tariya a to become wealthy
IV to become or be rich, wealthy (‫ ب‬or ‫من‬
through s.th.); to make rich, enrich (‫ ه‬s.o.)
102
‫ ثرى‬taran moist earth; ground, soil│‫اين‬
‫ الثرى من الثريا‬aina t-t. min t-turayyā
(proverbially of things of disproportionate
value) what has the ground to do with the
Pleiades? ‫( طيب ﷲ ثراه‬ṯayyaba) approx.:
may God rest him in peace!
2
‫ ثرى‬tarīy pl. ‫ اثرياء‬atriyā’ wealthy,
rich│‫ ثرى الحرب‬t. al-ilarb war profiteer,
nouveau riche
‫ثري‬tarīyāt plantations
‫ ثروة‬tarwa and ‫ ثروة‬tarā’ fortune, wealth,
riches│‫ اھل الثروة‬ahl at-t. the rich, the
wealthy; ‫( ثروة قومية‬qaumīya) national
wealth; ‫( ثروة مائية‬mā’īya) abundance of
water, abundant supply of water (of a
region)
‫ ثريا‬turayyā Pleiades; (also ‫ )ثرية‬pl. ‫ثريات‬
turayyāt chandelier
‫ مثر‬mutr wealthy, rich
‫ ثعبان‬tu‘bān pl. ‫ ثعابين‬ta‘ābīn snake│ ‫ ثعبان الماء‬t.
al-mā’ eel
‫ ثعبانى‬tu‘bānī snaky, snakelike,
serpentine; eely
‫ مثعب‬mat‘ab pl. ‫ مثاعب‬matā‘ib2 drain
‫ ثعالة‬tu‘āla fox
2
‫ ثعلب‬ta‘lab pl. ‫ ثعالب‬ta‘ālib fox│ ‫داء الثعلب‬
alopecia (med.), loss of hair
‫ ثعلبى‬ta‘labī foxy, foxlike
‫ ثعلبة‬ta‘laba vixen; O tetter (med)
‫ ثغر‬tagir pl. ‫ ثغور‬tugūr front tooth; mouth;
port, harbor, inlet, bay; seaport
‫ ثغرة‬tagra pl. ‫ ثغر‬tugar breach, crevasse,
crack, rift, crevice; opening, gap; cavity,
hollow; narrow mountain trail
‫ ثغم‬tagam white, whiteness
‫ ثاغم‬tāgim white (adj.)
‫ )ثغا )ثغو‬tagā u (‫ ثغاء‬tugā’) to bleat (sheep)
‫ ثغاء‬tugā’ bleating, bleat
‫ ثاغ‬tāgin bleating│ ‫ما له ثاغية وال راغية‬
(tagiya) he has absolutely nothing, he is
deprived of all resources, prop.: he has
neither a bleating (sheep) nor a braying
(camel)
‫ ثفر‬tafar pl. ‫ اثفار‬atfār crupper (of the saddle)
‫ ثفل‬tufl dregs, lees, sediment; residues
‫ ثفن‬III to associate (‫ ه‬with s.o.), frequent s.o.’s
(‫ )ھـ‬company; to pursue, practice (‫ ه‬s.th.)
‫ ثفنة‬taftna pl. -āt, ‫ ثفن‬tifan callus,
callosity
‫ اثفية‬look up alphabetically
‫ ثقة‬see ‫وثق‬
‫ ثقب‬taqaba u (taqb) to bore, or drill, a hole (‫ھـ‬
in s.th.), pierce, puncture, perforate (‫ھـ‬
s.th.) II do. II and IV to light, kindle (‫ھـ‬
s.th.) V and VII to be pierced, be
punctured, be perforated
‫ ثقب‬taqb piercing, boring, puncture,
perforation; (also tuqb pl. ‫ ثقوب‬tuqūb, ‫اثقاب‬
atqāb) hole, puncture, borehole, drill hole
‫ ثقبة‬tuqba pl. ‫ ثقب‬tuqab hole
‫ ثقاب‬and ‫‘ عود الثقاب‬ūd al-tiqāb match-
stick; matches
‫ ثقوب‬tuqūb keenness, acuteness (of the
mind)
‫ مثقب‬mitqab pl. ‫ مثاقب‬matāqib2 borer,
drill, gimlet, auger, brace and bit, wimble,
perforator; drilling machine
‫ اثقاب‬itqāb kindling, lighting
‫ ثاقب‬dqib penetrating, plercing, sharp
(mind, eyes)│ ‫ ثاقب النظر‬t. an-naẓar
perspicacity; sharp-eyed; ‫ ثاقب الفكر‬t. al-
 fikr sagacity, acumen, mental acuteness;
shrewd, sagacious, sharp-witted
‫ ثاقبات‬tāqibāt borers (zool.) 103
‫ ثقف‬taqifa a (taqf) to find, meet (‫ ه‬s.o.); --
taqifa a and taqufa u to be skillful, smart,
clever II to make straight, straighten (‫ھـ‬
s.th.); to correct, set right, straighten out (
‫ ھـ‬s.th.); to train, form, teach, educate (‫ھـ‬
s.o.); to arrest (‫ ھـ‬s.o.); to seize, confiscate
(‫ ه‬s.th.) III to fence (‫ ه‬with s.o.) V to be
trained, be educated
‫ ثقافة‬taqāfa culture, refinement;
education; (pl. -āt) culture, civilization
‫ ثقافى‬taqāfī educational; intellectual;
cultural│ ‫( ملحق ثقافى‬mulḥaq) cultural
attaché
‫ ثقيف‬tatqīf cultivation of the mind;
training, education; instruction
‫ مثاقفة‬mutāqafa fencing, art or sport of
fencing, swordplay, swordsmanship
‫ تثقف‬tataqquf culturedness, culture,
refinement, education
‫ مثقف‬mutaqqaf educated; trained;
cultured
‫ ثقل‬taqula u (tiql, ‫ ثقالة‬taqāla) to be heavy; with
‫ ب‬to load or burden s.th., make s.th.
heavy; to be hard to bear (‫ على‬for s.o.),
weigh heavily (‫ على‬on), be burdensome,
cumbersome, oppressive (‫ على‬to s.o.); to
be heavy-handed. sluggish, doltish, dull-
witted; to be too dull, too sluggish (‫ عن‬for
s.th. to do s.th.), not to bother (or about) II
to make heavy, weight (‫ ھـ‬s.th.); to
burden, encumber (‫ على‬s.o., ‫ ھـ‬with s.th.),
overburden (‫ على‬s.o.), overtax s.o.’s (‫)على‬
strength, ask too much (‫ على‬of s.o.); to
trouble, inconvenience, bother (‫ على‬s.o. ‫ب‬
with s.th.), pester, molest (‫ على‬s.o.)│ ‫ثقل‬
‫كاھله‬and ‫( اثقل كاھله‬kāhilahū) to burden s.o.
or s.th; ‫ اثقل كاھل الميزان‬to burden the budget
IV to burden (‫ ه‬,‫ ھـ‬s.o., s.th.); to oppress,
distress (‫ ه‬s.o.). weigh heavily (‫ ه‬on); to be
hard to bear (‫ ه‬for s.o.)│ ‫اثقل كاھله‬
(kāhilahū) see II; VI to become or be
heavy; to be troublesome, burdensome (
‫ على‬to s.o.), trouble. oppress (‫ على‬s.o.); to
be sluggish. doltish. slow; to be in a bad
mood, be sullen, grumpy; to find
burdensome and turn away (‫ عن‬from
s.th.); not to bother (‫ عن‬about); to be too
dull, too sluggish (‫ عن‬for s.th., to do s.th.)
X to find heavy, hard. burdensome,
troublesome (‫ ھـ‬s.th.), find annoying (‫ ه‬،‫ھـ‬
s.o.. s.th.)│‫( استثقل ظله‬ẓillahū) to find s.o.
unbearable, dislike s.o.
‫ ثقل‬tiql pl. ‫ اثقال‬atqāl weight; burden
load; gravity; heaviness│ ‫ رفع االثقال‬raf‘ al-
a. weight lifting (athlet.); ‫الثقل النوعى‬
(nau‘ī) specific gravity
‫ ثقل‬tiqal heaviness; sluggishness,
dullness
‫ ثقل‬taqal pl. ‫ اثقال‬atqāl load, baggage
‫ الثقالن‬at-taqalān the humans and the jinn
‫ ثقل‬taqla trouble, inconvenience,
discomfort
‫ ثقل‬taqala heaviness; sluggishness,
doltishness; dullness
‫ ثقيل‬taqīl pl. ‫ ثقالء‬tuqalā’2, ‫ ثقال‬tiqāl
heavy; weighty, momentous, grave,
serious, important; burdensome,
troublesome, cumbersome, oppressive;
unpleasant, disagreeable, distasteful
(person)│ ‫ ثقيل الدم‬t. ad-dam insufferable,
unpleasant, disagreeable (person); ‫ثقيل‬
‫ الروح‬t. ar-rūḥ doltish, dull (person); a
bore; ‫ ثقيل الظل‬t. aẓ-ẓill disagreeable,
insufferable (person); ‫ ثقيل الفھم‬t. al-fahm
slow of understanding, slow-witted; ‫ثقيل‬
‫ السمع‬t. as-sam‘ hard of hearing; ‫صناعة ثقيلة‬
(ṣinā‘a) heavy industry; ‫ ماء ثقيل‬heavy
water (phys.)
‫ اثقل‬atqal2 heavier; more oppressive
‫ مثقال‬mitqāl pl. ‫ مثاقيل‬matāqīl2 weight
(also s.th. placed as an equipoise on the
scales of a balance); miskal, a weight (in
Egypt = 24 ٤.٦٨ = ‫ قراط‬g)│ ‫ مثقال ذرة‬m.
104 darra the weight of a dust speck, i.e.,
a tiny amount; a little bit; ‫ مثقال من‬a little
of, a little bit of
‫ تثقيل‬tatqīl weighting, burdening;
molestation
‫ تثاقل‬tatāqul sluggishness, dullness
‫ مثقل‬mutaqqal and mutqal burdened,
encumbered; overloaded; weighted (‫ب‬
with s.th.); oppressed (‫ ب‬by); heavy
‫ متثاقل‬mutatāqil sluggish, dull; sullen,
grumpy
‫ ثكل‬takila a (takal) to lose a child (‫)ه‬, also: to
be bereaved of a loved one (‫ )ه‬by death IV
‫ اثكل األم ولدھا‬atkala l-umma waladuhā to
bereave a mother of her son
‫ ثكل‬takal state of one who has lost a
friend or relative; mourning over the loss
of a loved one
‫ ثكالن‬taklān (2) bereaved of a child
‫ ثكلى‬taklā bereaved of a child (mother)
‫ ثاكلة‬tākila pl. ‫ ثواكل‬tawākil2 bereaved of
a child (mother)
‫ ثكنة‬tuknā pl. ‫ ثكن‬tukan, -āt barracks (mil.)
‫ ثل‬talla u (‫ ثلل‬talal) to tear down, destroy,
overthrow, subvert (‫ ھـ‬s.th., esp. ‫عرشا‬
‘aršan to topple a throne) VII to be
subverted, overthrown (throne)
‫ ثلة‬tulla pl. ‫ ثلل‬tulal troop, band, party, group
(of people); military detachment
‫ ثلب‬talaba i (talb) to criticize, run down (‫ه‬
s.o.); to slander, defame (‫ ه‬s.o.)
‫ ثلب‬talb slander, defamation
‫ مثلبة‬matlaba pl. ‫ مثالب‬matālib2
shortcoming, defect, blemish, stain,
disgrace
‫ ثالب‬tālib slanderous, defamatory;
slanderer
‫ ثلث‬II to triple, make threefold (‫ ھـ‬s.th.); to do
three times (‫ ھـ‬s.th.)
‫ ثلث‬tult pl. ‫ اثالث‬atlāt one third; tulut a
sprawling, decorative calligraphic style
‫ ثالثة‬talāta (f. ‫ ثالث‬talāt) three; ‫ثلثا‬
talātan three times, thrice
‫ ثالثى‬talātī tertiary; Tertiary (geol.)│‫ما‬
‫ قبل الثالثى‬pre-Tertiary
‫ ثالثة عشر‬talātata ‘ašara, f. ‫ثالث عشرة‬
talāta ‘ašrata thirteen
‫ الثالث‬at-tālit the third; ‫ ثالثا‬tālitan thirdly;
١/٦٠ ‫ ثالثة‬of a second
‫ ثالثون‬talātūn thirty
‫ الثلثاء‬at-talatā’ and ‫ يوم الثلثاء‬yaum at-t.
Tuesday
‫ ثالث‬tulāt2 and ‫ مثلث‬mutallat three at a
time
‫ ثلم‬talama i (talm) to blunt, make jagged (‫ھـ‬
‫ ثالثى‬tulātī tripartite, consisting of three,
(gram.) triliteral, consisting of three
radicals; tri-; trio (mus. )│‫ ثالثى الزوايا‬t. z-
zawāyā triangular; ‫ ثالثى الورقات‬t. l-
waraqāt trifoliate
‫ ثالوث‬tālūt Trinity (CM.); trinity, triad;
triplet│ ‫ زھرة الثالوث‬zahrat at-t. pansy
(bot.)
‫ تثليث‬tatlīt doctrine of the Trinity; Trinity
(Chr.)
‫ تثليثى‬tatlītī trigonometric(al)
‫ مثلث‬mutallat tripled, triple, threefold;
having three diacritical dots (letter);
triangular; (pl. -āt) triangle (geom.)│ ‫الراية‬
‫( المثلثة األلوان‬rāya), ‫‘( العلم المثلث‬alam) and
‫ المثلث‬the tricolor; ‫( المثلث الحاد‬ḥadd) acute-
angled triangle; ‫ مثلث الزوايا‬m. az-zawāyā
triangular; ‫( المثلث المتساوى الساقين‬mutasāwā
s-sāqain) isosceles triangle; ‫المثلث المتساوى‬
‫ األضالع‬equilateral triangle; ‫المثلث القائم‬
right-angled triangle
‫ المثلثات‬al-mutallatāt and ‫حساب المثلثات‬
ḥisāb al-m. trigonometry
‫ ثلج‬talaja u: ‫( ثلجت السماء‬samā’u) it snowed,
was snowing; -- talija a to be delighted,
105 be gladdened (soul, heart; ‫ ب‬by) II to
cool with ice (‫ ھـ‬s.th.); to freeze, turn into
ice (‫ ھـ‬s.th.) IV ‫ اثلجت السماء‬it snowed, was
snowing; to cool, moisten (‫ ھـ‬s.th.)│‫اثلج‬
‫( صدره‬ṣadrahū) to delight, please, gratify
s.o. V to become icy, turn into ice,
congeal; to freeze
‫ ثلج‬talj pl. ‫ ثلوج‬tulūj snow; ice; artificial
ice│‫ ندفة الثلج‬nadfat at-t. snowflake
‫ ثلجى‬taljī snowy, snow- (in compounds);
icy, glacial, ice- (in compounds)
‫ ثليج‬talīj icy
‫ ثالج‬tallāj pl. -ūn ice vendor
‫ ثالجة‬tallāja pl. -āt iceberg, ice floe;
refrigerator, icebox
‫ مثلجة‬matlaja pl. ‫ مثالج‬matālij2 icebox,
refrigerator; cold-storage plant
‫ مثلوج‬matlūj snow-covered; iced, icy;
‫ مثلوجات‬frozen food; iced beverages
‫ مثلج‬mutallaj iced; icy, ice-cold
s.th.), break the edge of (‫ ;)ھـ‬to make a
 breach, gap or opening (‫ ھـ‬in a wall); to
defile, sully (‫ ھـ‬reputation, honor);
--talima a to be or become jagged, dull,
blunt II to blunt (‫ ھـ‬s.th.) V to become
blunt VII to be defiled, be discredited
(reputation)
‫ ثلم‬talm nick, notch; breach, opening,
gap; crock, fissure, rift│‫ ثلم الصيت‬t. aṣ-ṣīt
defamation
‫ ثلمة‬tulma pl. ‫ ثلم‬tulam = talm│ ‫سد ثلمة‬
sadda talmatan to fill a gap; ‫ثلمة ال تسد‬
(tusaddu) a gap that cannot be closed, an
irreparable loss
‫ ثالم‬talim dull, blunt
‫ مثلوم‬matlūm defiled, sullied (reputation,
honor)
‫ مثلم‬mutatallim blunted, blunt; cracking
(voice)
‫ منثلم الصيت‬muntalim aṣ-ṣīt of ill repute,
of dubious reputation
‫ ثم‬tamma there ‫ ثم‬min tamma hence, therefore,
for that reason
‫ ثم‬tumma then, thereupon; furthermore,
moreover; and again, and once more
(emphatically in repetition)│‫كال ثم كال‬
(kallā) no and a hundred times no! ‫من ثم‬
min tamma then, thereupon
‫ ثمة‬tammata (‫ )ثمت‬there; there is│‫ليس ثمة‬
there isn't
‫ ثمام‬tumām a grass│‫( على طرف الثمام‬ṯarafi
t-t.) within easy reach, handy; ‫جعله على‬
‫ طرف الثمام‬he made it readily
understandable, he presented it plsusibly
for all
‫ اثمد‬look up alphabetically
‫ ثمر‬tamara u to bear fruit IV do. X to profit,
benefit (‫ ھـ‬from); to exploit, utilize (‫ھـ‬
s.th.); to invest profitably (‫ ھـ‬money)
‫ ثمر‬tamar pl. ‫ ثمار‬timār, ‫ اثمار‬atmār
fruits, fruit (coll.); result, effect, fruit,
fruitage; yield, profit, benefit, gain
‫ ثمرة‬tamara (n. un. of tamar) pl. -āt
fruit; result, effect; yield, profit, benefit,
gain
‫ استثمار‬istitmār exploitation (also pol.-
econ.), utilization, profitable use
‫ مثمر‬mutmir fruitful, productive,
profitable, lucrative
‫ مستثمر‬mustatmir pl. -ūn exploiter (pol.-
econ.); beneficiary
‫ ثمل‬tamila a (tamal) to become drunk IV to
make drunk, intoxicate (‫ ه‬s.o.)
‫ ثمل‬tamal intoxication, drunkenness
‫ ثملة‬tamala drunken fit, drunkenness
‫ ثمل‬tamil intoxicated, drunk(en)
‫ ثمالة‬tumāla residue, remnant, dregs (of a
liquid), heeltap (of wine); .cum, foam,
froth 106
1
‫ثمن‬II to appraise, asses, estimate (‫ ھـ‬s.th.),
determine the price or value (‫ ھـ‬of s.th.); to
price (‫ ھـ‬s.th.)│ ‫ ال ثمل‬lā yutammanu
invaluable, inestimable, priceless
‫ ثمن‬pl. ‫ اثمن‬atmān, ‫ اثمنة‬atmina price,
cost; value│‫( الثمن األصلى‬aṣlī) cost price;
‫( الثمن األساسى‬asāsī) par, nominal value
‫ ثمين‬tamīn costly, precious, valuable
‫ اثمن‬atman2 costlier, more precious,
more valuable
‫ تثمين‬tatmīn estimated, appraisal,
assessment, valuation, rating
‫ مثمون‬matmūn object of value
‫ مثمن‬mutammin estimator, appraiser│
‫ خبير مثمن‬assessor
‫ مثمن‬mutamman prized, valued,
valuable, precious
‫ مثمن‬mutmin costly, precious, valuable
‫ مثمن‬mutman object of value
2
‫ ثمانية‬tamāniya (f. ‫ ثمان‬tamānin) eight
‫ ثمانية عشر‬tamāniyata ‘ašara, f. ‫ثماني عشرة‬
tamāniya ‘ašrata eighteen
‫ ثمن‬pl. ‫ اثمان‬atmān one-eighth
‫ ثمنة‬tumna pl. -āt a dry measure (Eg. =
1/3 ٢٥٨. = ‫ قدح‬l; Pal. = ca. 2.25 l)
‫ ثمانون‬tamānūn eighty
‫ الثامن‬at-tāmin the eighth
‫ مثمن‬mutamman eightfold; octagonal
‫ ثنة‬tunna pl. ‫ ثنن‬tunan fetlock
‫ ثندوة‬tunduwa pl. ‫ ثناد‬tanādin breast (of the
male)
‫ ثنى‬tanā i (tany) to double, double up, fold,
fold up, fold under (‫ ھـ‬s.th.); to bond, flex
(‫ ھـ‬s.th.); to turn away, dissuade, keep,
prevent, divert (‫ عن ه‬s.o. from)│ ‫ثنى عنان‬
‫‘( فرسه‬ināna farasihī) he galloped off II to
double, make double (‫ ھـ‬s.th.); to do twice,
repeat (‫ ھـ‬s.th.); to pleat, plait (‫ ھـ‬s.th.); to
form the dual (‫ ھـ‬of a word); to provide
with two diacritical dots (‫ ھـ‬a letter) IV to
commend, praise, laud, extol (‫ على‬s.th.,
s.o.), speak appreciatively (‫ على‬of)│ ‫اثنى‬
‫‘( عليه عاطر الثناء‬āṯira tanā’) to speak in the
most laudatory terms of s.o. V to double,
become double; to be doubled; to be
repeated; to bond, fold; to be bent, be
folded. be folded up or under; to walk
with a swinging gait VII to bend, bend up,
down or over, lean, incline, bow; to fold,
be foldable, be folded back; to turn away (
‫ عن‬from), give up, renounce (‫ عن‬s.th.); to
turn, face (‫ل‬I toward); to apply o.s., turn (
‫ الى‬to s.th.); (with foll. imperf.) to set out,
prepare (to do s.th.) X to except, exclude (
‫ من ه‬or ‫ ھـ‬s.th. or s.o. from), make an
exception (‫ ھـ‬of s.th.)
‫ ثنى‬tany bonding; folding; turning away,
dissuasion, keeping, prevention
‫ ثنى‬tiny pl. ‫ اثناء‬atnā’ fold, pleat, plait,
crease (in cloth); bond, twist│ ‫ثنيا بعد ثنى‬
tinyan ba‘da tinyin from time to time
‫ اثناء‬atnā’ (prep.) during; in the course
of│‫ فى اثناء‬fī atnā’i do.; ‫ فى تلك‬,‫فى اثناء ذلك‬
‫ اثناء ذلك‬،‫ االثناء‬in the meantime, during all
this time, meanwhile
‫ ثنية‬tanya pl. tanyāt fold, pleat, plait,
crease (in cloth)
‫ ثنية‬tanya pl. ‫ ثنايا‬tanāyā middle incisor;
narrow pass; mountain trail│ ‫ فى ثنايا‬in,
inside, among, between, frequently only a
fuller, rhetorically more elegant
expression for "in". e.g., ‫ فى ثنايا نفسه‬in his
heart, inwardly, ‫ فى ثنايا الكتاب‬in the book;
‫ بين ثنايا‬in, inside, among, between; ‫طالع‬
‫ الثنايا‬ṯallā‘ at-t. one with high-flung
aspirations 107
‫ ثناء‬tanā’ commendation, praise, eulogy;
appreciation
‫ ثناء‬tunā’2 and ‫ مثنى‬matnā two at a time
‫ ثنوى‬tanawī dualist
‫ ثنوية‬tanawīya dualism
‫ ثنائى‬tanā’ī laudatory, eulogistic
‫ ثنائى‬tunā’ī twofold, double, dual,
binary, bi-; biradical (gram.); duet, duo
(mus.)│ ‫( محرك ثنائى المشوار‬muḥarrik t. l-
mišwār) two-cycle engine
O ‫ ثنائية‬tunā’īya dualism; duet, duo
(mus.)
‫ اثنان‬itnāni, f. ‫ اثنتان‬itnatāni two
‫ اثنا عشر‬itnā ‘ašara, f. ‫ اثنتا عشرة‬itnatā
‘ašrata twelve
‫ يوم االثنين‬yaum al-itnaini and ‫االثنين‬
Monday
‫ الثانى‬at-tānī the second; the next; ‫ثانيا‬
tāniyan and ‫ ثانية‬tāniyatan secondly; for
the second time, once more, again│ ‫ثانى‬
‫ اثنين‬t. itnain the second of a pair, pendant,
companion piece, match
‫ ثانية‬tāniya pl. ‫ ثوان‬tawānin second (time
unit)
‫ ثانوى‬tānawī secondary; minor│‫امور ثانوية‬
matters of secondary importance, minor
matters; ‫ مدرسة ثانوية‬secondary school;
‫ تسويغ ثانوي‬subletting
‫ تثنية‬tatniya repetition; plaiting, pleating;
doubling, gemination; (gram.) dual;
second sequel (e.g., of a collection of
short stories); commendation, praise,
eulogy│ ‫ تثنية االشتراع‬Deuteronomy
‫ انثناء‬intinā’ bending, flection; flexibility,
foldability│ ‫ قابل لالانثناء‬foldable, folding
‫ انثناءة‬intinā’a pl. -āt (n. vic.) bend,
flexure, curve
‫ استثناء‬istitnā’ exception, exclusion│
‫ باستثناء‬with the exception of, except; ‫بدون‬
‫ استثناء‬without exception
‫ استثنائى‬istitnā’ī exoeptional; ‫استثنائيا‬
istitnā’īyan as an exception│ ‫احوال استثنائية‬
emergencies; ‫( جلسة استثنائية‬jalsa)
emergency session
‫ مثنى‬matnīy folded; plaited, pleated;
doubled
‫ مثنى‬mutannan ouble, twofold; in the
dual (gram.)
 ‫ مستثنى‬mustatnan excepted, excluded (‫من‬
from)
‫ ثوة‬see ‫ثوى‬
1
‫ )ثاب )ثوب‬tāba u to return, come back (also,
e.g., a state or condition, ‫ الى‬or ‫ ل‬to s.o.);
with ‫ب‬: to return s.th. (‫ الى‬to s.o.)│ ‫ثاب الى‬
‫ نفسه‬to regain consciousness, come to; ‫ثاب‬
‫( اليه رشده‬rušduhū) to recover one’s senses
II to reward (‫ ه‬s.o.; said of God) IV to
repay, requite (‫ ھـ ھـ‬s.th. with); to reward (
‫ على ه‬s.o. for) X to seek reward
‫ ثوب‬taub pl. ‫ ثياب‬tiyāb, ‫ اثواب‬atwāb
garment, dress; cloth, material; (fig.) garb,
outward appearance, guise, cloak, mask;
pl. ‫ ثياب‬clothes, clothing, apparel│ ‫ثياب‬
‫ السھرة‬t. as-suhra formal dress, evening
clothes; ‫ فى ثوب بسيط‬in plain, homely form;
‫ طاھر الثياب‬of flawless character,
irreproachable
‫ ثواب‬tawāb requital, recompense, reward
(for good deeds); (Isl. Law) merit, credit
(arising from a pious deed)
‫ مثوبة‬matūba requital, recompense,
reward (bestowed by God for good deeds)
‫ مثاب‬matāb and ‫ مثابة‬matāba place to
which one returns; meeting place;
rendezvous; resort, refuge
‫ مثابة‬matāba (with foll. genit.) place or
time at which s.th. appears or recurs; 108
manner, mode, fashion; see also preceding
entry│ ‫( بمثابة‬with foll. genit.) like, as;
tantamount to, equivalent to, having the
same function as
2
‫ تثاوب = تثاءب )ثئب‬VI) to yawn
‫ )ثار )ثور‬tāra u to stir, be stirred up, be
aroused, be excited; to swirl up, rise
(dust); to arise (question, problem; a
difficulty, ‫ فى وجھه‬fī wajhihī before s.o.);
to be triggered, be unleashed, break out; to
revolt, rebel, rise (‫ على‬against); to rage,
storm│ ‫( ثار ثائره‬tā’irohū) to fly into a
rage, become furious, flare up IV to
agitate, excite (‫ ه‬s.o., ‫ ھـ‬s.th.); to stimulate
(‫ ه‬s.o., ‫ ھـ‬s.th.); to irritate (‫ ه‬s.o., ‫ ھـ‬s.th.); to
arouse, stir up, kindle, excite (‫ ھـ‬s.th., e.g.,
feelings), cause, provoke, awaken (‫ھـ‬
s.th.); to raise, pose, bring up (‫مسألة‬
mas’alatan a question, a problem)│ ‫اثار‬
‫( ثائرته‬tā’iratahū) to infuriate s.o., excite
s.o. X to excite, stir up, kindle (‫ ھـ‬s.th.,
esp. passions); to rouse (‫ ھـ‬s.th.); to
arouse, awaken (‫ ھـ‬s.th., esp. feelings); to
elicit, evoke (‫ ھـ‬wails, outcries, ‫ من‬from
s.o.); to incite, set (‫ على ه‬s.o. against)│
‫( استثار غضبه‬gaḍabahū) to infuriate s.o.,
make s.o. angry
‫ ثور‬taur pl. ‫ ثيران‬tīrān bull, steer; ox;
Taurus (astron.)│ ‫ شوربة ذيل الثور‬šōrabat
dail at-t. oxtail soup
‫ ثورة‬taura excitement, agitation;
outbreak, outburst, fit (of fury, of despair,
etc.); eruption (of a volcano); (pl. -āt)
upheaval, uprising, insurrection, riot,
rebellion, revolt, revolution│‫ثورة اھلية‬
(ahlīya) internal strife, civil war
‫ ثورى‬taurī revolutionary (adj. and n.)
‫ ثوروى‬taurawī revolutionary (adj. and
n.)
‫ ثوران‬tawarān agitation, excitation,
flare-up, emption, outbreak, outburst, dust
whirl
‫ مثار‬matār incentive, stimulus, motive,
spur, occasion, cause│ ‫ مثار الجدل‬m. al-
jadal and ‫ مثار النزاع‬object of controversy,
point of contention
‫ اثارة‬itāra excitation, stirring up,
kindling; agitation, incitement;
provocation, (a)rousing, awakening;
irritation, stimulation
‫ ثائر‬tā’ir excited, agitated, raving,
furious, mad; rebellious; fury, rage (in the
idiomatic phrase ‫ ثار ثائرة‬see above); (pl.
‫ ثوار‬tuwwār) insurgent, rebel,
revolutionary
‫ ثائرة‬tā’ira pl. ‫ ثوائر‬tawā’ir2 tumult;
excitement, agitation; fury, rage
‫ مثير‬mutīr exciting; provocative;
stimulative, irritative; excitant, irritant,
stimulant; instigator; germ, agent; pl.
‫ مثيرات‬stimulants
‫ ثوريوم‬tōriyūm thorium (chem.)
‫ ثول‬VII to swarm, crowd, throng (‫ على‬around
s.o.); to come over s.o. (‫)على‬
‫ ثول‬law and ‫ ثول النحل‬t. an-nḥl swarm of
bees
‫ ثوم‬tūm (coll.; n. un. ‫ )ة‬garlic
‫ ثوى‬tawā i (‫ ثواء‬tawā’, ‫ ثوى‬tuwīy, ‫ مثوى‬matwan)
to stay, live (‫ ب‬at a place); to settle down (
‫ ب‬at a place); pass. tuwiya to be buried IV
to stay, live; to lodge, put up as a guest (‫ه‬
s.o.)
‫ ثوى‬tawīy guestroom
‫ ثوة‬tūwa pl. ‫ ثوى‬tuwan signpost, road-
sign
‫ مثوى‬matwan pl. ‫ مثاو‬matāwin abode,
habitation, dwelling; place of rest
‫ ثيب‬tayyib pl. -āt a deflowered but unmarried
woman, widow, divorcée
‫ ثيتل‬taital pl. ‫ ثياتل‬tayātil2 a variety of wild goat
(Capra jaela) 109
‫ج‬
‫ جاثليق‬jātalīq = ‫جثليق‬
‫ جؤجؤ‬ju’ju’ pl. ‫ جآجئ‬ja’āji2 breast; prow, bow
(of a ship)
‫ جأر‬ja’ara a (ja’r, ‫ جؤار‬ju’ār) to low, moo; to
supplicate, pray fervently (‫ الى‬to God)
‫ جأر‬ja’r, and ‫ جؤار‬ju’ār, lowing, mooing
(of cattle)
1
‫ جاز‬giiz pl. -āt (Eg. spelling) gas
2
‫ جاز‬jāz jazz
‫( جازون‬Fr. gazon, Eg. spelling) gāzōn lawn
‫ جأش‬ja’aša a (ja’š) to be agitated, be
convulsed (with pain or fright)
‫ جأش‬ja’š emotional agitation; heart,
soul│ ‫ ربط جأشه‬rabaṯa ja’šahū to remain
calm, composed, self-possesed; ‫رابط الجأش‬
or ‫ ثابت الجأش‬calm, composed, cool, self-
possessed, undismayed; ‫ بجأش رابط‬with
unswerving courage, unflinchingly
‫ جاكتة‬،‫ جاكته‬and ‫ جاكيته‬žakēta jacket, coat
‫ جالون‬galōn gallon
‫( جاليرى‬Eg. spelling) galērī gallery (theat.)
‫ جام‬jām pl. –āt cup; drinking vessel; bowl
‫ جامكية‬jāmakīya pl. -āt, ‫ جوامك‬jawāmik2 pay
‫ جاموس‬jāmūs pl. ‫ جواميس‬jawāmīs2 buffalo
‫ جاموسة‬jāmūsa buffalo cow
‫( جانرك‬pronounced žānəreg, from Turk.
caneriği; coll.; n. un. žānərgēye) a variety
of small green plum with several stones
(syr.)
‫ جاه‬jāh rank, standing, dignity, honor, glory,
fame
‫ جاوه‬jāwa Java
‫ جاوى‬jāwī Javanese; benzoin; (pl. -ūn) a
Javanese
‫ جاودار‬jāwadār rye
‫ جاويش‬čāwīš sergeant = ‫ شاويش‬،‫شاوش‬
1
‫ جب‬jubb pl. ‫ اجباب‬ajbāb, ‫ جباب‬jibāb well,
cistern; pit
2
‫ جبة‬jubba pl. ‫ جبب‬jubab, ‫جباب‬, jibāb, ‫جبائب‬
jabā’ib2 jubbah, a long outer garment,
open in front, with wide sleeves
‫ جبح‬jabḥ pl. ‫ اجبح‬ajbuḥ, ‫ جباح‬jibāḥ, ‫ اجباح‬ajbāḥ
beehive
‫ جبخانة‬jabḳāna, jabaḳāna powder magazine;
ammunition; artillery depot
‫ جبر‬jabara u (jabr, ‫ جبور‬jubūr) to set (‫ھـ‬
broken bones); to restore, bring back to
normal (‫ ھـ‬s.th.); to help back on his feet,
help up (‫ ه‬s.o.; e.g., on. fallen into
poverty); to force, compel (‫ على ه‬s.o. to do
s.th.)│ ‫( جبر خاطره‬ḳāoṯirahū) to console,
comfort, gratify, oblige s.o.; to treat (s.o.)
in a conciliatory or kindly manner II to set
(‫ ھـ‬broken bones) III to treat with kindness
with friendliness (‫ ه‬s.o.), be nice (‫ ه‬to s.o.)
IV to force, compel (‫ على ه‬s.o. to do s.th.);
to hold sway (‫ على‬over) V to show o.s.
proud, haughty; to act strong, throw one’s
weight around; to show o.s. strong or
powerful, demonstrate one’s strength or
power; to be set (broken bones)│ ‫تجبر ﷲ‬
‫( بابنك‬bi-bnika) God has demonstrated His
power on your son, i.e., He has taken him
unto Himself VII to be mended. repaired,
restored
‫ جبر‬jabr setting (of broken bones); force,
compulsion; coercion, duress; power, 110
might; (predestined, inescapable) decree
of fate; ‫ جبرا‬jab,an forcibly, by force│ ‫علم‬
‫‘ الجبر‬ilm al-j. algebra; ‫ يوم جبر البحر‬yaum j.
al-baḥr a local holiday of Cairo (the day
on which, in former times, the water of the
Nile was channeled into the now-
abandoned ḳalīg, or City Canal, thus mar
 ‫فى‬ng the beginning of the irrigation
season)
2
‫ جبرى‬jabrī algebraic; compulsory,
forced; -- jabarī an adherent of the
doctrine of predestination and the
inescapability of fate; fatalist
‫ جبرية‬jabarīya an Islamic school of
thought teaching the inescapability of fate;
fatalism
‫ جبار‬jabbār, pl. -ūn, ‫ جبابر‬jabābir2, ‫جبابرة‬
jabābira giant; colossus; tyrant,
oppressor; almighty, omnipotent (God);
gigantic, giant, colossal, huge; Orion
(astron.)│ ‫ جبار الخطوة‬j. al-ḳuṯ.wa striding
powerfully, ta‫فى‬ng buge strides
‫ جبن‬jabuna u (jubn, ‫ جبانة‬jabāna) to be a
‫ جبارة‬jibāra (art of) bonesetting
‫ جبيرة‬jabīra and ‫ جبارة‬jībāra pl. ‫جبائر‬
jabā’ir2 splint (surg.)
‫ جبروت‬jabarūt omnipotence; power,
might; tyranny
‫ جبرياء‬jibriyā’2 pride, haughtiness
O ‫ تجبير‬tajbīr, ‫ تجبير العظام‬orthopedics
‫ اجبار‬ijbār compulsion, coercion
‫ اجبارى‬ijbārī forced, forcible,
compulsory, obligatory│‫التجنيد االجبارى‬
compulsory recruitment; military
conscription
‫ جابر‬jābir and ‫ مجبر‬mujabbir, bonesetter
‫ مجبور‬majbūr and ‫ مجبر‬mujbar forced,
compelled
‫ جبرئيل‬jabra’īl2 ‫ جبريل‬jibrīl2 Gabriel
2
‫جبس‬II to plaster, coat, patch, or fix with
plaster (‫ ھـ‬s.th.); to put in a cast, set in
plaster (‫ ھـ‬s.th.)
‫ جبس‬jibs gypsum; plaster of Paris
1
‫ جباسة‬jabbāsa gypsum quarry; plaster
kiln
2
‫ جبس‬jabas (coll.; n. un. ‫ ;ة‬syr.) watermelon(s)
1
‫ جبل‬jabala u i (jabl) to mold, form, shape,
fashion (‫ ھـ‬s.th.); to knead (‫ ھـ‬s.th.); to
create (‫ على ه‬s.o. with a natural disposition
or propensity for); pass. ‫( جبل على‬jubila) to
be born for, be naturally diaposed to, bave
a propensity for
2
‫ جبلة‬jibla, jibilla pl. -āt natural
disposition, nature, temper
‫ جبل‬jabal pl. ‫ جبل‬jibāl, ‫ اجبال‬ajbāl mountain;
mountains, mountain range│ ‫ جبال االلب‬j.
al-alb the Alpes; ‫ جبال االوراس‬the Aurès
Mountains (in E Algeria); ‫ جبل جليد‬iceberg;
‫ جبل سينا‬j. sīnā Mount Sinai; ‫جبل طارق‬
Gibraltar; ‫ جبل نار‬volcano
‫ جبلى‬jabalī mountainous, hilly; mountain
(adj.); montane; (pl. -ūn) highlander,
mountaineer
‫ جبالوى‬gabalāwī (eg.) highlander,
mountaineer
‫ جبالية‬gabalāya pl. -āt (eg.) grotto, cave
coward, be fearful; to be too much of a
coward (‫ عن‬to do s.th.), shrink (‫ عن‬from
s.th.) II to cause to curdle (‫ ھـ‬milk); to
make into cheese (‫ ھـ‬s.th.); to curdle; to
accuse of cowardice, call a coward (‫ ه‬s.o.)
V to curdle (milk), turn into cheese
‫ جبن‬jubn and ‫ جبانة‬jabāna cowardice
‫ جبن‬jubn and ‫ جبنة‬jubna cheese
‫ جبان‬jabān pl. ‫ جبناء‬jubanā’2 coward;
cowardly
‫ جبان‬jabbān cheese merchant
‫ جبين‬jabīn pl. ‫ جبن‬jubun, ‫ اجبنة‬ajbina, ‫اجبن‬
ajbun forehead, brow; façade, front; face
‫ من جبينى‬min jabīnī I alone; ‫على جبين السماء‬
in the sky 111
‫ جبينى‬jabīnī frontal
‫ اجبن‬ajban2 more cowardly
‫ جبانة‬jabbāna pl. -āt cemetery
‫ تجبين‬tajbīn cheese making, processing
into cheese
‫ جبه‬jabaha a to moot, face, confront (‫ ه‬s.o.) III
to face, confront, oppose, defy (‫ ه‬s.o., ‫ھـ‬
s.th.), show a hold front (‫ ه‬to); to face (‫ ھـ‬a
problem, a difficulty)
‫ جبھة‬jabha pl. ‫ جباه‬jibāh, ‫ جبھات‬jabahāt
forehead, brow; front, face, façade;
frontline, battle front
‫ مجابھة‬mujābaha facing, confrontation,
opposition
‫ جبه خانة‬see ‫جبخانة‬
‫ جبى‬jabā i (‫ جباية‬jibāya) to collect, raise, levy (
‫ ھـ‬taxes, duties) II to prostrate o.s. (in
prayer) VIII to pick, choose, elect (‫ ھـ‬s.th.,
‫ ه‬s.o.)
‫ جباية‬jibāya raising, levying (of taxes);
(pl. oat) tax, duty, impost
‫ جبائي‬jibā’ī tax- (in compounds); fiscal
‫ مجبى‬majban pl. ‫ مجاب‬majābin tax,
impost
‫ جاب‬jābin pl. ‫ جباة‬jubāh tax collector,
revenue officer, collector; (bus, etc.)
conductor (ir.)
‫ جابية‬jābiya pl. ‫ جواب‬jawābin pool, basin
‫ جتا‬jatā (abbreviation of ‫ )جيب التمام‬cosine
(math.)
‫ جث‬jatta (jatt) and VIII to tear out, uproot (‫ ھـ‬a
tree, also fig.)
‫ جثة‬jutta pl. ‫ جثث‬jutat, ‫ اجثاث‬ajtāt body;
corpse, cadaver; carcass
‫ مجتث‬muitat uprooted (also fig.)
‫ جثل‬jatl thick, dense (esp. hair)
‫ جثليق‬jitlīq pl. ‫ جثالقة‬jatāliqa catholicos, primate
of the Armenian Church
‫ جثم‬jatama u i (jatm, ‫ جثوم‬jutūm) to alight, sit,
perch (bird); to crouch, cower; to fall or
lie prone, lie face down; to beset, oppress
(‫ على‬s.th.)
‫ جثمة‬jatma (n. vic.) motionless sitting or
lying
‫ جثام‬jutām and ‫ جاثوم‬jātūm nightmare,
incubus
‫ جثمان‬jutmān pl. -āt hody, mortal frame
‫ جثمانى‬jutmānī hodily, physical,
corporeal
‫ جاثم‬jātim pl. ‫ جثم‬juttam squatting,
crouching; perching; prostrate, prone
(‫ جثو( جثا‬jatā u (jutuw) to kneel, root on the
knees; to bend the knee, genullect; to fall
on one’s knees
‫ جثو‬jutūw kneeling pooition
‫ جثوة‬jutwa rock pile, mound; sepulchral
mound, tumulus
‫ مجثى‬majtan hassock
‫ جاث‬jātin kneeling; ‫ الجاثى‬Hercules
(astron.)
‫ جحد‬jaḥda a (jaiḥd, ‫ جحود‬juḥūd) to negate (‫ھـ‬
s.th.); to disclaim, disavow, disown, deny
(‫ ھـ‬s.th.); to refuse, reject, repudiate (‫ھـ‬
s.th.); to renounce, forswear, adjure (‫ ھـ‬a
belief); to deny (‫ ھـ ه‬s.o. his right)│ ‫جحد‬
‫( جميله‬jamīlahū) to he ungrateful to s.o.
‫ جحد‬jaḥd denial; repudiation, disavowal,
rejection, disclaimer; unbelief (rel.)
‫ جحود‬juḥūd denial; evasion, dodging,
shirking (of a moral obligation);
ingratitude; repudiation, disavowal,
rejection, disclaimer; unbelief (rel.)
‫ جاحد‬jāḥid denier; infidel, unbeliever
‫ جحر‬VII to hide in ito hole or den (animal)
‫ جحر‬juḥr pl. ‫ اجحار‬ajḥār, ‫ جحور‬juḥūr
hole, den, lair, burrow (of animals) 112
‫ جحش‬jaḥš pl. ‫ جحاش‬jiḥāš, ‫ جحشان‬jiḥšān, ‫اجحاش‬
ajḥāš young donkey; (pl. ‫ جحوش‬juḥūš)
trestle, horse
‫ جحشة‬jaša young female donkey
‫ جحظ‬jaḥaẓa a (‫ جحوظ‬juḥūẓ) to bulge, protrude
(eyeball)
‫ جحوظ العين‬juḥūz al-‘ain exophthalmic goiter,
abnormal protrusion of the eyeball
‫ جحف‬jaḥafa a (jaḥf) to peel off, scrape off (‫ھـ‬
s.th.); to sweep away (‫ ھـ‬s.th.); to have a
bias (‫ مع‬for), side (‫ مع‬with s.o.) IV to
harm, hurt, injure, prejudice (‫ ب‬s.o., s.th.);
to ruin. destroy (‫ ب‬s.o., s.th.); to wrong (‫ب‬
s.o.)
‫ اجحاف‬ijḥāf injustice, wrong; bias,
prejudice
‫ مجحف‬mujḥif unjust, unfair; biased,
prejudiced
‫ جحفل‬jaḥfala pl. ‫ جحافل‬jaḥāfil2 multitude,
legion, host, large army; army corps
(Syr.); eminent man
‫ جحيم‬jaḥīm f. (also m.) fire, hellfire, hell
‫ جحيمى‬jaḥīmī hellish, infernal
‫ جخ‬jaḳḳa (eg.) to lord it, give o.s. airs; to boast,
brag; (syr.) to dress up (slightly ironical)
‫ جخاخ‬jaḳḳāḳ boaster, braggart
1
‫ جد‬jadd pl. ‫ جدود‬judūd, ‫ اجاد‬ajdād grand-father;
ancestor, forefather│ ‫( الجد االعلى‬a‘lā)
ancestor
‫ جدة‬jadda pl. -āt grandmother
2 Arabia, on Red Sea) 113
‫ جد‬jadda i to be new; to be a recent
development, have happened lately, have
recently become a fact; to be added, crop
up or enter as a new factor (circumstances,
costs); to appear for the first time (also,
e.g., on the stage); to be or become
serious, grave; to be weighty, significant,
important; to take ‫ فى‬s.th.) seriously; to
strive earnestly ‫ فى‬for), go out of one’s
way (‫ فى‬to do s.th.), make every effort (‫فى‬
in); to be serious, be in earnest (‫ فى‬about),
mean business; to hurry (‫ فى‬one’s step) II
to renew (‫ ھـ‬s.th.); to make anew, remake (
‫ ھـ‬s.th.); to modernize (‫ ھـ‬s.th.); to restore,
renovate, remodel, refit, recondition,
refurbish (‫ ھـ‬s.th.); to be an innovator, a
reformer; to feature s.th. new or novel,
produce s.th. new; to rejuvenate,
regenerate, revive, freshen up (‫ ھـ‬s.th.); to
renew, extend (‫ ھـ‬a permit); to begin anew,
repeat (‫ ھـ‬s.th.), make a new start (‫ ھـ‬in
s.th.); to try again (‫ حظه‬ḥaẓẓahū one’s
luck) IV to strive, endeavor, take pains; to
apply o.s. earnestly and assiduously (‫فى‬
to), be bent, be intent (‫ فى‬on s.th.); to
hurry (‫ فى‬one's step); to renew, make new
(‫ ھـ‬s.th.) V to become new, be renewed; to
revive X to be new, be added or enter as a
new factor, come newly into existence; to
make new, renew (‫ ھـ‬s.th.)
‫ جد‬iadd pl. ‫ جدود‬judūd good luck, good
fortune
‫ جد‬jidd seriousness, earnestness;
diligence, assiduity, eagerness; ‫ جدا‬jiddan
very, much│ ‫ بجد‬and ‫ من جد‬earnestly,
seriously; ‫ جد باھظ‬jiddu bāhiẓin very high
(price); ‫ جد عظيم‬j. ‘aẓīmin very great;
‫( يختلفون جد االختالف‬jidda l-iḳtilāf) they
differ widely; ‫( وقف على ساق الجد ل‬sāqi l-j.)
to apply o.s. with diligence to, take pains
in, make every effort to
‫ جدى‬jiddī serious; earnest; ‫ جديا‬jiddīyan
in earnest, earnestly, seriously
‫ جدية‬jiddīya earnestness; seriousness,
gravity (of a situation)
‫ جدة‬jidda newness, recency, novelty;
modernness, modernity; O rebirth,
renaissance
‫ جدة‬judda2 Jidda (eeaport in W Saudi
‫ جديد‬jadīd pl. ‫ جدد‬judud, judad new,
recent; renewed; modem; novel,
unprecedented│‫ الجديدان‬al-jadīdān day and
night; ‫ من جديد‬anew, again; (eg.) ‫جديد لنج‬
gadīd lang brand-new.
‫ اجد‬ajadd2 more serious, more intent;
newer, more recent
‫ تجديد‬tajdīd renewal (also. e.g., of a
permit); creation of s.th. new origination;
new presentation, new production (theat.);
innovation; reorganization, reform;
modernization; renovation, restoration,
remodeling. refitting. reconditioning,
refurbishing; rejuvenation, regeneration;
pl. -āt innovations; new achievements
‫ تجدد‬tajaddud renewal, regeneration,
revival
‫ جاد‬jādd in earnest, earnest; serious (as
opposed to comic, funny)
‫ جادة‬jādda pl. –āt, jawādd2 main street;
street
‫ مجدود‬majdūd fortunate. lucky
‫ مجدد‬mujaddid renewer; innovator;
reformer
‫ مجدد‬mujaddad renewed, extended;
remodeled, reconditioned, renovated,
restored; rejuvenated, regenerated, new,
recent, young
‫ مجد‬mujidd painstaking, diligent,
assiduous
‫ مستجد‬mustajidd new, recent; incipient
‫ جدب‬jaduba u ‫ جدوبة‬judūba) to be or become
dry, arid (soil) IV to suffer from drought,
poverty or dearth; to be barren, sterile; to
come to nothing, go up in smoke, fall flat,
fizzle out; (syr.) to explode in the barrel
(shell; mil.)
‫ جدب‬jadb drought, barrenness, sterility;
sterile, barren
‫ جديب‬jadīb and ‫ اجدب‬ajdab2, f. ‫جدباء‬
jadbā’2 barren, sterile
 ‫ مجدب‬mujdib barren, sterile; desolate,
arid; unproductive, unprofitable
‫ جدث‬jadat pl. ‫ اجداث‬ajdāt grave, tomb
‫ جدجد‬judjud pl. ‫ جداجد‬jadājid2 cricket (zool.)
1
‫ جدر‬jadura u (‫ جدارة‬jadāra) to be fit, suitable,
proper. appropriate (‫ ب‬for s.o., for s.th.);
to befit, behoove (‫ ب‬s.o., s.th.); to be
worthy (‫ ب‬of), deserve (‫ ب‬s.th.)│ ‫يجدر ذكره‬
(dikruhū) and ‫ يجدر بالذكر‬it is worth
mentioning
‫ جدر‬jadr wall
‫ جدير‬jadīr pl. -ūn ‫ جدراء‬judarā’2 worthy,
deserving (‫ ب‬of s.th.); becoming, befitting
(‫ ب‬s.th.); proper, suited, suitable fit (‫ب‬
for), appropriate (‫ ب‬to)│ ‫( جدير بالذكر‬dikr)
worth mentioning
‫ اجدر‬ajdar worthier; more appropriate;
better suited, more suitable
‫ جدارة‬jadāra worthiness; fitness,
suitability, aptitude, qualification;
appropriateness
‫ جدار‬jidār pl. ‫ جدر‬judur, ‫ جدران‬judrān
wall
‫ جدارى‬jidārī mural, wall (adj.)
2
‫ جدر‬judira (pass.) and II to have smallpox
‫ جدرى‬judarī, jadarī smallpox
‫ مجدور‬majdūr and ‫ مجدر‬mujaddar
infected with smallpox; pock-marked
‫ مجدرة‬mujaddara dish made of rice or
(in Syr.) of bulgur with lentils, onions and
oil (eg., syr.)
‫ جدع‬jada‘a a (jad‘) to cut off, amputate (‫ھـ‬
s.th., esp. some part of the body)
‫ بجدع االنف‬bi-jad‘i l-anf (prop., at the
cost of having the nose cut off) at any
price, regardless of the sacrifice involved
‫ اجدع‬ajda‘ mutilated (by having the
nose, or the like cut off) 114
2
□ ‫ جدع‬gada‘ (= ‫ جذع‬jada‘) pl. ‫ جدعان‬gid‘ān
(eg.) young man, young fellow; heman
1
‫ جدف‬II to curse, blaspheme (‫ على‬s.o., esp.
God)
‫ تجديف‬tajdīf imprecation, blasphemy
2
‫ جدف‬jadafa i and II to row (o a boat)
‫ مجداف‬mijdāf pl. ‫ مجادف‬majādif2 oar
1
‫ جدل‬jadala u i (jadl) to twist tight, tighten,
stretch (‫ ھـ‬a rope); to braid, plait (‫ ھـ‬s.th.,
the hair, etc.) II to braid, plait, (‫ ھـ‬s.th.) III
to quarrel, wrangle, bicker (‫ ه‬with s.o.); to
argue, debate (‫ ه‬with s.o.); to dispute,
contest (‫ فى‬s.th.) VI to quarrel, have an
argument; to carry on a dispute
‫ جدل‬jadal quarrel, argument; debate,
dispute, discussion, controversy│ ‫فرض‬
‫ جدال‬faraḍa jadalan to assume for the sake
of argument, propose as a basis for
discussion
‫ جدلى‬jadalī controversial; disputatious;
a disputant
‫ جدال‬jaddāl and ‫ مجدال‬mijdāl
disputatious, argumentative; mijdāl see
also below
‫ جديلة‬jadīla pl. ‫ جدائل‬jadā’il2 braid, plait;
tress
‫ مجدال‬mijdāl pl. ‫ مجادل‬majādil2 flagstone,
ashlar; see also above under jaddāl
‫ جدال‬jidāl and ‫ مجادلة‬mujādala pl. –āt
quarrel, argument; dispute, discussion,
debate│ ‫( ال يقبل الجدال‬yaqbalu)
incontestable, indisputable; ‫ ال جدال‬lā
jidāla and ‫ بال جدال‬bi-lā j. incontestably,
indisputably
‫ مجدول‬majdūl tightly twisted; braided,
plaited; interwoven, intertwined (tress of
hair); slender and trim, shapely (e.g., leg)
‫ مجادل‬mujādil disputant, opponent in
dispute
2
‫ جدول‬jadwal pl. ‫ جداول‬jadāwil2 creek, brook,
little stream; column; list, roster; index;
chart, table, schedule│‫( جدول دراسى‬dirāsī)
curriculum; ‫ جدول البورصة‬stock list, ‫خارج‬
‫( جدول البورصة‬ḳārija) not quoted (stock
exchange); ‫ جدول االعمال‬agenda; working
plan
‫ )جدا )جدو‬jadā u to give a present (‫ على‬to s.o.)
IV to give as a present (‫ ب على‬s.o. s.th.),
present (‫ ب على‬s.o. with); to be of use, be
useful, profitable│‫( اجدى نفعا‬naf‘an) to be
useful; ‫ ھذا ال يجديك‬that won’t help you, that
will be of no use (to you); ‫ما يجدى عنك ھذا‬
do.; ‫( ال يجدى فتيال‬fatīlan) = ‫الال يغن ى فتيال‬see
‫ فتيل‬X to beg for alms; to implore, beg (‫ھـ ه‬
s.o. for s.th.), plead (‫ ھـ‬for s.th.)
 ‫ جداء‬jadā’ advantage, gain (.r for s.o.)
‫ جدوى‬jadwā gift, present; advantage,
benefit, gain│ ‫( بال جدوى‬bi-lā) and ‫على غير‬
‫( جدوى‬gairi) of no avail, useless, futile, in
vain
‫ اجدى‬ajdā more useful, more
advantageous
‫ جدى‬jady pl. ‫ جداء‬jidā’, ‫ جديان‬jidyān kid, young
billy goat; Capricorn (astron.); ‫ الجدى‬the
North Star
‫ جذ‬jadda u (jadd) to cut off, clip (‫ ھـ‬s.th.)
‫ جذاذة‬jadāda pl. -āt slip of paper; pl.
‫ جذاذات‬small pieces, shreds, scraps,
clippings
‫ جذب‬jadaba i (jadb) to pull, draw (‫ ھـ‬s.th.); to
attract (‫ ھـ‬s.th.); to pull out, draw out,
whip out (‫ ھـ‬s.th.), draw (‫ ھـ‬a weapon, or
the like); to appeal, prove attractive (‫ ه‬to
s.o.), attract, captivate, charm, allure (‫ه‬
s.o.), win (‫ ه‬s.o.) over (‫ اليه‬to one’s side) III
to contend (‫ ه‬with s.o.) at pulling, tugging,
etc. (‫ ھـ‬s.th.)│١١٥ ‫( جاذبه الحبل‬ḥabla) to vie
with s.o.; (to be able) to compete with s.o.,
measure up to s.o., be a match for s.o.;
‫ جاذبه الكالم‬or ‫ جاذبه حديثا‬or ‫جاذبه اطراف الحديث‬
(aṯrāfa l-ḥ.) he engaged him in
conversation, involved him in a
discussion; ‫( جاذبه اطراف الحضارة‬aṯrāfa l-
ḥaḍāra) to vie with s.o. in culture VI to
pull back and forth (‫ ه‬s.o.); to contend (،‫ه‬
‫ ھـ‬for); to attract each other│ ‫تجاذبوا اطراف‬
‫( الحديث‬aṯrāfa l-ḥ.) they were deep in
conversstion, they were talking together
VII to be attracted; to be drawn, gravitate
(JI toward, to) VIII to attract (‫ ه‬s.o., ‫ھـ‬
s.th., ‫ اليه‬to o.s.; also magn.); to allure,
entice (‫ ه‬s.o.); to win (‫ ه‬s.o.) over (‫ اليه‬to
one's side); to draw, inhale (‫ ھـ‬puffs from
a cigarette, etc.)
‫ جذب‬jadb attraction; gravitation; appeal,
lure, enticement, captivation│ ‫ اخذ جذبا‬to
wrest away, take away by force; ‫الجذب‬
‫( الجنسى‬jinsī) sex appeal
‫ جذاب‬jaddāb attractive; magnetic (fig.);
suction, suctorial; winning, fetching,
engaging; charming, enticing, captivating,
gripping
‫ اجذب‬ajdab2 more attractive, more
captivating
‫ انجذاب‬injidāb attraction, inclination,
pronenesa, tendency
‫ اجتذاب‬ijtidāb attraction; enticement, lure
‫ جاذب‬jādib attractive; magnetic (fig.);
winning, fetubing, engaging; charming,
enticing, captivating, gripping
‫ جاذبية‬jādibīya gravitation; attraction;
attractiveness; charm, fascination;
magnetism (fig.); lure, enticement│O
‫ جاذبية الثقل‬j. ataql gravitational force; ‫جاذبية‬
‫( مغنطيسية‬magnaṯisūya) magnetism; ‫جاذبية‬
‫ الجنس‬j. al-jins sex appeal
‫ مجذوب‬majdūb attracted; possessed,
maniacal, insane; (pl. ‫ مجاذب‬majādib2)
maniac, lunatic, madman, idiot│‫مستشفى‬
‫ المجاذيب‬mustašfā l-m. mental hospital
‫ متجاذب‬mutajādib mutually attractive;
belonging together, inseparable
‫ منجذب‬munjadib attracted; inclined,
tending (‫ الى‬to)
‫ جذر‬jadara u (jadr) to uproot, tear out by the
roots (‫ ھـ‬s.th.) II do.; to extract the root (‫ھـ‬
of a number; math.); to take root
‫ جذر‬jidr, jadr pl. ‫ جذور‬judūr root (also
math.); stem, base, lower end; (pl. ‫اجذار‬
ajdār) stub (of a receipt book, or the
like)│ ‫( جذر تربيعى‬tarbī‘ī) square root
(math.)
‫ جذرى‬jidrī, radical, roct (adj.)
‫ تجذير‬tajdīr evolution, root extraction
(math.)
‫ جذع‬jada‘ pl. ‫ جذع‬jud‘ān young man, young
fellow (cf. □ ‫ جدع‬gada‘); new, incipient│
‫( عادت الحرب جذعة‬ḥarbu, jada‘atan) the
war broke out again, started all over again;
‫( اعاد االمر جذعا‬l-amra) he reopened the
whole affair, he reverted to the earlier
status
‫ جذع‬jid‘ pl. ‫ اجذاع‬ajdā‘, ‫ جذوع‬judū‘ stem,
trunk.; stump, tree stump; torso
‫ جذعى‬jid‘ī truncal
‫ جذف‬II to row (‫ ھـ‬a boat)
‫ مجذاف‬mijdāf pl. ‫ مجاذف‬majādif2 oar
‫ جذل‬jadala a (jadal) to be happy, gay,
exuberant, rejoice IV to make happy,
gladden, cheer (‫ ه‬s.o.)
 ‫ جذل‬jidl pl. ‫ اجذال‬ajdāl, ‫ جذول‬judūl stump
(of a tree)
‫ جذيل‬jadīl wooden post on which camels
rub themselves
‫ جذل‬jada1 gaiety, hilarity, exuberance,
happiness 116
‫ جذل‬jadil pl. ‫ جذالن‬judlān gay, hilarious,
cheerful, in high spirits, exuberant, happy
‫ جذالن‬jadlān2 gay, hilarious, cheerful, in
high spirits, exuberaut, happy
‫ جذم‬ijdama i (jadm) to out off, chop off (‫ھـ‬
s.th., esp. a part of the body); to remove,
ta.ke out, excise (‫ ھـ‬e.g., the tonsils, the
appendix; surg.); pass. judima to be
afllicted with leprosy
‫ جذم‬jidm pl. ‫ جذوم‬judūm, ‫ اجذام‬ajdām root
‫ جذام‬judām leprosy
‫ جذامة‬judāma stubble
‫ اجذام‬ajdām2 pl. ‫ جذامى‬jadmā mutilated
(from having an arm, a hand, etc., cut off);
leprous; leper
‫ مجذوم‬majdūm leprous; leper
‫ جذمور‬judmur stump
‫ جذوة‬jadwa, jidwa, judwa pl. ‫ جذى‬jidan, judan,
‫ جذاء‬jidā’ firebrand; burning log
‫ جر‬jarra u (jarr) to draw, pull (‫ ھـ‬s.th.); to
drag, tug, haul (‫ ھـ‬s.th.): to tow (‫ ھـ‬s.th.); to
trail (‫ ھـ‬s.th.); to drag along (‫ ه‬s.o., ‫ ھـ‬s.th.);
to draw (‫ على ھـ‬s.th. on s.o.), bring (‫ ھـ‬s.th.)
down (‫ على‬upon s.o.); to lead (‫ الى‬to),
bring on, cause (‫ الى‬s.th.); to entail (‫ ھـ‬e.g.,
some evil, ‫ على‬for s.o.); (gram.) to
pronounce the final consonant with i, put
(a word) into tho genitive│‫جر جريرة‬
(jarīratan) to commit an outrage, a crime (
‫ على‬against s.o.); ‫( جر قيودا‬quyūdan) to be
in shackles, go shackled; ‫جر النار الى قرصه‬
(qurṣihī) to secure advantages for o.s.,
feather one’s nest; ‫ال يجر لسانه بكلمة‬
(lisānahū bi-kalima) he won’t let a word
escape his lips IV to ruminate VII passive
of I; to be driven; to be swept along, drift,
float│ ‫( انجر الى الوراء‬warā’i) to withdraw,
fall back, give way VIII to ruminate│ ‫اجتر‬
‫( آالمه‬ālāmahū) to mull over one’s grief
‫ جر‬jarr pull(ing), drawing, draft.;
traction, drag(ging), tugging, towage,
hauling; bringing on, causing; genitive│
‫ حرف الجر‬ḥarf al-j. (gram.) preposition;
‫ وھلم جرا‬wa-halumma jarran and so forth
‫ جرة‬jarra pl. ‫ جرار‬jirār (earthenware) jar
‫ جرة‬jarra, jurra trail, track; rut (left by a
wagon)│ ‫ بجرة قلم‬bi-j. qalam with one
stroke of the pen
‫ جرة‬jirra cud (of a ruminant)
‫ من جرى‬min jarrā because of│ ‫من جراك‬
because of you, on your account, for your
sake
‫ من جراء‬min jarā’i because of, due to│‫من‬
‫ جراء أن‬because
‫ جرار‬jarrār huge, tremendous (army);
potter; (pl. -āt) tractor; tugboat, steam tug,
towing launch
‫ جارور‬jārūr pl. ‫ جوارير‬jawārīr2 (syr.)
drawer (of a desk, etc.)
‫ جارورة‬jārūra (leb.) rake (tool)
‫ جريرة‬jarīr pl. ‫ جرائر‬jarā’ir2 guilt;
offense, outrage, crime│ ‫ من جريرة‬min
jarīrati because of, on account of
‫ جرارة‬jarrāra pl. -āt a variety of
scorpion; tractor
‫ مجر‬mijarr trace, tug (of a harness)
‫ مجرة‬majarra galaxy
‫ انجرارية‬injirārīya (eg.) towage charges
for watercraft
‫ مجرور‬majrūr drawn, dragged, towed,
etc.; word governed by a preposition,
word in the genitive form; (pl. ‫مجارير‬
magārir2) drain, sewer (eg.); ‫مجارير‬
sewers, sewage system (eg.)
‫ مجتر‬mujtarr ruminant (adj. and n.)
‫ جرؤ‬jaru’a u (‫ جرأة‬jur’a, ‫ جراءة‬jarā’a) to dare,
venture, risk, hazard (‫ على‬s.th.), take the
risk (‫ على‬of, ‫ ان‬of doing s.th.), have the
117 courage (‫ على‬for s.th.) II to encourage
(‫ على ه‬s.o. to s.th.) V to dare, venture, risk.
hazard (‫ على‬s.th.) VIII to be venturesome,
be daring; to become bold, make bold (‫على‬
with s.o.); to venture (‫ على‬s.th. or upon
s.th.), have the audacity (‫ على‬to do s.th.)
‫ جرئ‬jarī’ pl. ‫ اجرياء‬ajriyā’2 bold,
courageous (‫ على‬،‫ ب‬in s.th.); forward,
 immodest, insolent; daring, reckless, fool-
bardy
‫ جرأة‬jur’a and ‫ جراءة‬jarā’a courage,
boldness, daring; forwardness, insolence
‫ مجترئ‬mujtari’ bold, forward
‫( جراج‬Fr.) garāž pl. -āt garage (eg.)
‫ جرام‬grām gram (eg.)
‫ جرانيت‬granīt granite (eg.)
‫ جرانيتى‬granītī granitic (eg.)
2
‫ جرب‬jariba a (jarab) to be mangy; (eg.) to
fade (color) II to test (‫ ھـ‬s.th.); to try, try
out, essay (‫ ھـ‬s.th.); to sample (‫ ھـ‬s.th.); to
rehearse, practice (‫ ھـ‬s.th.); to attempt (‫ھـ‬
s.th.); to put to the test, try, tempt (‫ھـ‬
s.o.)│ ‫ جرب نفسه فى‬to try one’s hand at;
‫( جرب االيام‬ayyāma) to gather experience
‫ جرب‬jarab mange; itch, scabies
‫ جرب‬jarib mangy; scabby
‫ اجرب‬ajrab2, f. ‫ جرباء‬jarbā’2, pl. ‫جرب‬
jurb and ‫ جربان‬jarbān2 mangy; scabby
‫ جراب‬jirāb pl. ‫ اجربة‬ajriba, ‫جرب‬jurub
sack, bag, traveling bag; knapsack;
scrotum; covering, case; sheath, scabbard
(for the sword)
‫ جراب‬jurāb pl. -āt stocking, sock
‫ جريب‬jarīb a patch of arable land
‫ تجربة‬tajriba pl. ‫ تجارب‬tajārib2 trial, test;
tryout; attempt; practice, rehearsal;
scientific test, experiment; probation; trial,
tribulation; temptation; experience,
practice; proof sheet, galley proof, also
‫( تجربة مطبعية‬maṯba‘īya)
‫ تجريب‬tajrīb trial, test(ing); trial,
tribulation; temptation
‫ تجريبى‬tajrībī trial, test (adj.);
experimental; based on experience,
empirical│‫‘( علم النفس التجريبى‬ilm an-nafs)
experimental psychology
O ‫ تجريبية‬tajrībīya empiricism (philos.)
‫ مجرب‬mujarrib experimental; tester;
examiner; tempter
‫ مجرب‬mujarrab tried, tested; proven or
establisbed by experience, time-tested,
time-tried; experienced, practiced,
seasoned; man of experience
2
‫ جورب‬look up alphabeticaUy
‫ جربذة‬jarbada = ‫جربزة‬
‫ جربز‬jurbuz pl. ‫ جرابزة‬jarābiza impostor,
confidence man, swindler
‫ جربزة‬jarbaza (also ‫ )جربذة‬deception,
swindle
‫ جربوع‬jarbū‘ (= ‫ )يربوع‬pl. ‫ جرابيع‬jarābī‘2 jerboa
(zool.)
‫ جربندية‬jarabandīya (and ‫ )جرابندية‬knapsack,
rucksack
‫ جرثوم‬jurtūm, ‫ جرثومة‬jurtūma pl. ‫ جراثيم‬jarātīm2
root; origin; germ; microbe, bacillus,
bacterium│ ‫ تحت الجرثوم‬taḥt al-j.
inframicrobe
‫ جراج‬look up alphabetically
‫ جرجر‬jarjara (‫ جرجرة‬jarjara) to gargle; to jerk
or pull back and forth; to trail, drag (‫ھـ‬
s.th.); to tow away (‫ ھـ‬s.th.)│ ‫جرجر خطاه‬
(ḳuṯāhū) to drag one’s feet, shuffle along
II tajarjara pass. and refl. of I
‫ جرجرة‬jarara gargling; rombling noise;
rumble, clatter (of a wagon)
‫ جرجر‬jirjir (large, thick) beans
‫ جرجير‬jirjīr watercress (eg., syr.) 118
‫ جرح‬jaraḥa a (jarḥ to wound (‫ ه‬s.o.); to injure,
hurt (‫ ه‬s.o.; also fig., the feelings) II to
invalidate (‫ ھـ‬teatimony), challenge,
declare unreliahle (‫ ه‬a witness), take
formal exception (‫ ھـ‬،‫ ه‬to) VIII to commit
(‫ ھـ‬an outrage, a crime)│ ‫اجترح السيآت‬
(sayyi’āt) to do evil things
‫ جرح‬jurḥ pl. ‫ جراح‬jirāḥ, ‫ جروح‬jurūḥ,
‫ جروحات‬jurūḥāt, ‫ اجراح‬ajrāḥ wound,
injury, lesion
‫ جراح‬jarrāḥ pl. -ūn surgeon│‫جراح االسنان‬
dental surgeon
‫ جراحة‬jirāḥa surgery
‫ جراحى‬jirāḥī surgical│ ‫عملية جراحية‬
(‘amalīya) surgical operation
‫ جريح‬jarīḥ pl. ‫ جرحى‬jarḥā wounded,
injured, hurt
‫ تجريح‬tajrīḥ surgery; defamation,
disparagement
 ‫ جارح‬jarīḥ injuring; wounding, stinging,
painful, hurting; rapacious (beast),
predatory
‫ جارحة‬jāriḥa pl. ‫ جوارح‬jawāriḥ2
predatory animal or bird│ ‫ جوارح الطير‬j.
aṯ-ṯair predatory birds
‫ جوارح‬jawāriḥ2 limbes, extremities (of
the hody)│ ‫ بكل جوارحه‬with might and
main, with all his strength
‫ مجروح‬majrūḥ pl. ‫ مجاريح‬majārīḥ2
wounded, injured, hurt
‫ جرد‬jarada u (jard) to peel, pare (‫ ھـ‬s.th.); to
remove the shell, peel, rind or husk (‫ ھـ‬of
s.th.); to denude, diveet, strip, bare (‫ھـ‬
s.th.); (com.) to take stock; to make an
inventory (‫ البضائع‬of goods on hand) II to
peel, pare (‫ ھـ‬s.th.); to remove the shell,
peel, rind or husk (‫ ھـ‬of s.th.); to denude,
divest, strip, dispossess, deprive (‫ من ھـ‬or ‫ه‬
s.o. or s.th. of); to withhold (‫ من ه‬from s.o.
s.th.); to draw, unsheathe (‫ السيف‬the
sword); to unleash (‫ على ھـ‬s.th. against
s.o.); to send, dispatch (‫ ھـ‬a military
detachment, troops, ‫ ضد‬or ‫ على‬against
s.o.); to free (‫ من ھـ‬or ‫ ه‬s.o. or s.th. from);
to isolate (‫ ھـ‬s.th.); to abstract (‫ ھـ‬s.th.); to
divest (‫ من‬ss.o. of his citizenship, of a
rank, of a vested right, etc.)│ ‫جرده من السالح‬
to disarm s.o.; ‫ جرد نفسه من‬to free o.s. from,
rid o.s. of, give up s.th. V pass. of II; to
strip o.s., rid o.s., get rid (‫ من‬or ‫ عن‬of), free
o.s. (‫ من‬or ‫ عن‬from); to be free (‫ من‬or ‫عن‬
from, ‫ ل‬for a task); to devote o.s.
exclusively (‫ ل‬to s.th.); to give up,
renounce (‫ من‬or ‫ عن‬s.th.); to isolate o.s. ;
to be absolute ‫ جردل‬jardal pl. ‫ جرادل‬jaradil2 bucket, pail
‫ جرد‬jard bare, threadbare, shabby, worn;
(com.) inventory; stocktaking
‫ جريد‬jarīd without vegetation, barren,
bleak, stark (landscape) 1
2 2
‫ اجراد‬ajrād , f. ‫ جرداء‬jardā’ , pl. ‫ جرد‬jurd
desolate, bleak, without vegetation;
hairless, bald; threadbare shabby, worn
(garment); open, unprotected (border)
‫ جراد‬jarād (coll.; n. un. ‫ )ة‬locust(s)│ ‫جراد‬
‫( الرحال‬raḥḥāl) migratory locust(s); ‫جراد‬
‫ البحر‬j. al-baḥr langouste, sea cray-fish;
‫ بجرادھا‬bi-jarādihā in its entirety
‫ جريد‬jarīd palm branches stripped of
their leaves; jeered, a blunt javelin used in
equestrian games
‫ جريدة‬jarīda pl. ‫ جرائد‬jarā’id2 (n. un. of
‫ )جريد‬palm-leaf stalk; list, register, roster,
index; newspaper│‫( جريدة يومية‬yaumīya)
daily newspaper; ‫ جرائد المساء‬j. al-masā’
the evening papers; ‫ الجريدة الناطقة‬and ‫الجريدة‬
‫ السينمائية‬tho newsreel
‫ اجرودى‬ajrūdī (syr.) beardless, hairless
‫ مجرد‬mijrad pl. ‫ مجارد‬majārid2 scraper
‫ تجريد‬tajrīd peeling. paring;
disrobement, stripping; denudation;
deprivation; divestment; disarmament;
dispatching (of troops); freeing; isolation;
abstraction│‫ تجريد من السالح‬disarmament
119
‫ تجريدة‬tajrīda pl. -āt ‫ تجاريد‬tajārīd2
military detachment, expeditionary force
‫ تجرد‬tajarrud freedom (‫ من‬or ‫ عن‬from);
isolatedness, isolation; independence,
impartiality; absoluteness; abstractness,
abstraction
‫ مجرد‬mujarrad denuded, bare, naked;
freed, free (‫ من‬or ‫ عن‬from); pure, mere,
nothing more than; sole; very, absolute;
abstract; selfless, disinterested; 1st stem of
tbe verb (gram.)│with foll. noun in
genitive = mere, sheer, nothing but:) ‫مجرد‬
‫ لھو‬mujarradu lahwin mere play, just fun;
‫ بالعين المجردة‬with the naked eye; ‫بمجرد ما‬
bi-mujarradi mā as soon as, at the very
moment when
‫ جرذ‬jurad pl. ‫ جرذان‬jirdān, jurdān large rat
‫ جرذون‬jirdaun pl. ‫ جراذين‬jarādīn2 large
rat
‫ جرس‬jarasa i (jars) to ring, toll, knell,
(re)sound II to make experienced, inure by
severe trials, sorely try (‫ ه‬s.o.; time,
events); to compromise, disgrace,
discredit, expose, bring into dierepute (‫ب‬
s.o.)
‫ جرس‬jars, jirs sound, tone
‫ جرس‬jaras pl. ‫ اجراس‬ajrās bell
‫ جرسة‬jursa defamation, public exposure;
scandal, disgrac
2
‫ جرساية‬jirsāya, ‫ جرسية‬jirsīya pl. -āt jersey,
woolen sweater; ‫ جرسى‬jersey cloth
‫ جرش‬jaraša u (jarš) to crush (‫ ھـ‬s.th.); to grate,
bruise, grind (‫ ھـ‬s.th.)
‫ جرش‬jarš a grating, scraping noise
‫ جريش‬jarīš crushed, bruised, coarsely
ground; crushed grain; grits
2 circassian (adj. and n.)
‫ جاروشة‬jārūša pl. ‫ جوارش‬jawarīš quern,
hand mill (for grinding grain)
‫ جرض‬jaraḍa a (jaraḍ): ‫( جرض بريقه‬bi-rīqihī)
he choked on his saliva, could not
swallow his saliva (because of excitement,
alarm, or grief), he was very upset, in a
atate of great agitation, deeply moved; --
jaraḍa u (jarḍ) to choke, sulfocate (‫ ه‬s.o.)
IV ‫( اجرضه بريقه‬cf. I) to alarm s.o., fill s.o.
with apprehension
‫ جريض‬jarīḍ: ‫ حال الجريض دون القريض‬ḥāla
l.j. dūna l-qarīḍ (proverb; lit.: choking
prevented poetry, i.e.) in the face of death
one does not think of rhyming (among
other interpretations)
‫ جرع‬jara‘a a (jar‘) and jari‘a a (jara‘) to
swallow, gulp, devour (‫ ھـ‬s.th.); to pour
down, toss down (‫ ھـ‬a drink) II to make (‫ه‬
s.o.) swallow (‫ ھـ‬s.th.); to gulp down V to
drink (‫ ھـ‬s.th.) VIII to swallow, gulp down
(‫ ھـ‬s.th.)
‫ جرعة‬jur‘a, jar‘a pl. ‫ جرع‬jura‘, -āt gulp,
mouthful, draught; potion, dose (med.)
‫ جرف‬jarafa u (jarf) and VIII to sweep away (‫ھـ‬
s.th.); to wash away (‫ ھـ‬s.th.); to shovel
away (‫ ھـ‬s.th.); to remove (‫ ھـ‬s.th.); to tear
away, carry off (‫ ھـ‬s.th.); to carry along (‫ھـ‬
or ‫ ه‬s.o. or s.th.) VII to be swept away, be
carried away
‫ جرف‬jurf, juruf pl. ‫ جروف‬jurūf, ‫اجراف‬
ajrāf undercut bank or shore; clilf, steep
slope, precipice; bluff (along a river or
coast)│ ‫( جرف جليدي‬jalīdī) avalanche
‫ جرافة‬jarrāfa pl. -āt, ‫ جراريف‬jarārīf 2 criminal; evildoer, culprit, delinquent│
rake; harrow
‫ مجرف‬majraf pl. ‫ مجارف‬majārif2
torrent, .trong current
‫ مجرفة‬mijrafa shovel, scoop; (syr.)
mattock; trowel
‫ مجراف‬mijrāf pl. ‫ مجارف‬majārīf2 shovel,
scoop
‫ جارف‬jārif torrential (stream, mountain
creek); stormy, violent (emotions,
passions) 120
‫ الجركس‬al-jarkas the Circassians
‫ جركسى‬jarkasī pl. ‫ جراكسة‬jarākisa
‫ جرم‬jarama i (jarm) to sone (‫ الحم‬al-laḥma the
meat); -- to commit an offense, a crime, an
outrage (‫ على‬or ‫ الى‬against s.o.), sin (‫ على‬or
‫ الى‬against s.o.), injure, harm, wrong (‫على‬
or ‫ الى‬s.o.) II to incriminate, charge with a
crime (‫ ه‬s.o.; syr.) IV to commit a crime,
to sin (‫ على‬or ‫ الى‬against s.o.), do wrong (
‫ على‬or ‫ الى‬to s.o.), harm, wrong (‫ على‬or ‫الى‬
s.o.) VIII = IV
‫ جرم‬garm pl. ‫ جروم‬gurūm (eg.) long, flat-
bottomed sarge, lighter (naut.)
‫ جرم‬jirm pl. ‫ اجرام‬ajrām, ‫ جرم‬jurum body;
mass, sulk, volume (of a body)│ ‫االجرام‬
‫( الفلكية‬falakīya) the celestial bodies
‫ جرم‬iunn pl. ‫ اجرام‬ajrām, ‫ جروم‬jurūm
offense, crime, sin
‫ ال جرم‬lā jarama surely, certainly, of
course
‫ جريم‬jarīm hulking, bulky, huge,
voluminous, of great size
‫ جريمة‬jarīma pl. ‫ جرائم‬jarā’im2 crime;
offense; sin│( ‫عظمى‬or) ‫جريمة كبرى‬
(kubrā, uẓma) capital offense; ‫قانون الجرائم‬
penal code
‫ اجرام‬ijrām crime; culpability,
delinquency
‫ اجرامى‬ijrāmī criminal
‫ لحم مجروم‬laḥm majrūm fillet (meat)
‫ سنة مجرمة‬sana mujarrama an entire year
‫ مجرم‬mujrim criminal; (pl. -ūn) a
‫ مجرم عائد‬recidivous criminal
‫ جرامز‬jarāmiz2 and ‫ جراميز‬jarāmīz2
limbs, legs│ ‫( ضم جراميزه‬ḍamma) he beat
it, he made off
‫ الجرمان‬al-jarmān the Germanic tribes, the
Teutons
 ‫ جرمانى‬jarmānī Germanic, Teutonic
1
‫ جرن‬jurn pl. ‫ اجران‬ajrān (stone) basin; mortar;
(eg.) threshing floor, barn│ ‫ جرن المعمودية‬j.
al-ma‘mūdīya baptismal font
2
‫ جران‬jirān the front part of a camel’s neck│
‫ ضرب بجرانه‬to become established, take
root; ‫( القى عليه جرانه‬alqā, jirānahū) to
apply o.s. to s.th. and adjust to it,
accustom o.s. to s.th.
‫ جرنال‬jurnāl (eg. also gurnāl) pl. ‫ جرانيل‬žarānīl2
(eg., garānīl2) journal, newspaper,
periodical
‫ جرانيت‬granīt granite
‫ جرانيتى‬grānītī granitic
‫ جرو‬jarw (jirw, jurw) pl. ‫ اجر‬ajrin, ‫ جراء‬jirā’,
‫ اجراء‬ajrā’, ‫ اجرية‬ajriya puppy, whelp, cub
(of a dog or beast of prey)
‫ جروسة‬grōsa gross (= 12 dozen)
‫ جرى‬jarā i (jary) to flow, stream (water); to
run; to hurry, rush; to slow (wind); to take
place, come to pass, happen, occur; to be
under way, be in progress, be going on
(work); to befall (‫ ل‬s.o.), happen (‫ ل‬to); to
be in circulation, circulate, be current; to
wend one’s way (‫ الى‬to), head (‫ على‬for); to
proceed (‫ على‬in accordance with); to
follow (‫ مع‬s.th.), yield, give way (‫ مع‬to,
e.g., to a desire); to entail (‫ ب‬s.th.); (with
‫ )وراء‬to run or be after s.th., seek to get
s.th.│ ‫جرى له حديث مع‬he had a talk with;
‫( جرى مجراه‬majrāhū) to take the same
course as, be analogous to, follow the
same way as, proceed or act in the same
manner as; ‫( جرى منه الشيء مجرى الدم‬minhu
š-šai’u majrā d-dam) it had become
second nature to him; ‫جرى على االلسن‬
(alsun) to circulate, make the rounds
(rumor); 121 ‫ جرى على كل لسان‬to be on
everyone’s lip; ‫( جرى على قلمه‬qalamihī) to
come to s.o.’s pen (e.g, a poem); ‫جرى على‬
‫( خطة‬ḳiṯṯa) to follow a plan; ‫ما يجرى عليه‬
‫‘( العمل‬amalu) the way things are handled,
what is customary practice; ‫ جرى به العمل‬to
be in force, be valid, be commonly
observed (law, custom); ‫ جرت العادة ب‬to be
customary, be common practice, be a
common phenomenon, have gained
vogue; ‫ جرى بالعادة على‬to do s.th.
customarily, se in the habit of doing s.th.;
‫ جرت بذلك عادتھم‬that was their habit II to
cause to run│‫( جرى ريقه‬rīqahū) to make
s.o.’s mouth water III to concur, agree, be
in agreement (‫ ه‬with s.o., ‫ فى‬in s.th.); to
keep pace, keep up (‫ ه‬with s.o.; also
intellectually); to be able to follow (‫ ه‬s.o.);
to go (along) (‫ ھـ‬with); to adapt o.s. adjust,
conform (‫ ھـ‬to), be guided (‫ ھـ‬by) IV to
cause to flow, make flow (‫ ھـ‬s.th.); to
cause to run, set running (‫ ه‬،‫ ھـ‬s.o., s.th.);
to make (‫ ھـ‬s.th.) take place or happen,
bring about (‫ ھـ‬s.th.); to carry out, execute,
enforce, put into effect, apply (‫ ھـ‬s.th.,
e.g., rules, regulations); to carry out,
perform (‫ ھـ‬an action); to Set going, set in
motion (‫ ھـ‬a project), launch (‫ ھـ‬an
undertaking); to channel (‫ على‬or ‫ ل ھـ‬s.th.
to), bestow, settle (‫ على‬or ‫ ل ھـ‬s.th. upon
s.o.); to impose, inflict (‫ على ھـ‬s.th., a
penalty, on s.o.)│ ‫( اجرى تجربة‬tajribatan)
to carry out an experiment; ‫ اجرى تحقيقا‬to
conduct an investigation; ‫اجرى له اعانة‬
(i‘ānatan) to grant s.o. a subsidy; ‫اجراه‬
‫( مجرى‬majrā, with foll. genitive) to treat
s.th. in the same manner as, put s.th. on
equal footing with
‫ جرى‬jary course│‫ جريا على‬jaryan ‘alā in
accordance with, according to
‫ جراك‬min jarāka and min jarā’ika
because of you, on your account, for your
sake
‫ جراء‬jarrā’ runner, racer
‫ جراية‬jirāya pl. -āt daily (food) rations;
pay, salary│‫‘ عيش جراية‬ēš girāya (eg.)
coarse bread
‫ جريان‬jarayāan flow, flux; course;
stream
‫ مجرى‬majra.. pl. ‫ مجار‬majārin
watercourse, stream, rivulet, gully; torrent
or flood of water; pipeline; canal, channel;
drain, sewer, pl. sewers, sewage system;
power line (el.); current (el.); current (of a
stream); guide rail (tech.); course (of
events), progress, passage│‫ مجرى البول‬m.
l-baul urethra (anat.); ‫ مجارى التنفس‬m. t-
tanaffus respiratory tract (anat.); ‫مجرى‬
‫ الھواء‬m. l-hawā’ air stream, current of air,
draft; ‫ اخذ مجراه‬to take its course; See also
‫ جرى‬I and IV
‫ ماجريات‬mājarayāt, mājariyāt (pl. of ‫ما‬
‫( )جرى‬course of) events, happenings
 ‫ مجاراة‬mujārāh keeping up (with foll.
genitive: with); conformity (with foll.
genitive: with)│ ‫ مجاراة ل‬mujārātan li in
conformity with, in accordance with,
according to
‫ اجراء‬ijrā’ pl. -āt performance (of an
action); execution; enforcement; pl.
measures, steps, proceedings│ ‫اتخذ اجراءات‬
(ittaḳada) to take measures; ‫اجراءات قانونية‬
(qānūnīya) legal step, proceedings at law
‫ جار‬jārin flowing, streaming, running;
circulating; current, present│ ‫الشھر الجارى‬
(šahr) the current month
‫ جارية‬jāriya pl. –āt, ‫ جوار‬jawārin girl;
slave girl; maid, servant; ship, vessel
‫ جز‬jazza u (jazz) to cut off, clip (‫ ھـ‬s.th.); to
shear, shear off (‫ ھـ‬s.th.; esp. the wool of
sheep)
‫ جزة‬jizza pl. ‫ جزز‬jizaz, ‫ جزائز‬jazā’iz2
shorn wool, fleece, slip
‫ جزازة‬juzāza pl. -āt slip of paper; label,
tag
‫ جزاز‬jazzāz pl. –ūn shearer, woolshearer
‫ مجز‬mijazz woolshears 122
‫ جزأ‬jaza’a a and VIII to be content, content
o.s. (‫ ب‬with) II to divide, part, separate,
break up, cut up, partition (‫ ھـ‬s.th.) V to
divide, break up, be or become divided; to
be separated, be detached, be partitioned
off; to be divisible, separable (‫ عن‬from)
‫ جزء‬juz’ pl. ‫ اجزاء‬ajzā’ part, portion;
constituent, component; fraction; division;
section; the 30th part of the Koran (= 2
ḥizb)
‫ جزئى‬juz’ī partial; minor, trivial,
insignificant, unimportant; (jur.) minor,
petty; ‫ جزئيا‬juz’īyan partly; ‫ جزئيات‬juz’īyāt
details, particulars; trivialities; subordinate
partly; divisions, sections (e.g., of a court
of justice)│ ‫( مواد جزئية‬mawādd) petty
cases (jur.); ‫( جنح جزئية‬junaḥ) summary
delicts (jur.); ‫ محاكم جزئية‬courts of
summary justice; ‫( نيابة جزئية‬niyāba)
parquet of a summary court; ‫حادثة جزئية‬
minor incident; ‫( تسوية جزئية‬taswiya) part
payment; ‫( الجزئيات والكليات‬kullīyāt) the
particular and general aspects, the minor
and the major issues
‫ جزيء‬juzai’ pl. -āt molecule
‫ اجزائى‬ajzā’ī pl. -ūn pharmacist, druggist
‫ اجزاجى‬ajzājī pl. -īya pharmacist,
druggist
‫ اجزائية‬ajzā’īya and ‫ اجزاخانة‬ajzāḳāna pl.
-āt pharmacy, drugstore
‫ تجزئة‬tajzi’a division; partition;
separation; dissociation; breakdown (into
classes, categories, etc.); fragmentation│
‫ قابل للتجزئة‬divisisle; ‫ قابلية التجزئة‬divisibility;
‫ تاجر التجزئة‬retailer, retail merchant
‫ جزدان‬juzdān, jidān pl. -āt wallet; change purse
‫ جزر‬jazara u (jazr) to slaughter; to kill,
butcher (‫ ھـ‬an animal); -- i u (jazr) to sink,
fall, drop, ebb (water)
‫ جزر‬jazr slaughter; butchering; ebb (of
the sea)
‫ جزرة‬jazra blood sacrifice
‫ جزور‬jazūr pl. ‫ جزر‬juzur slaughter camel
‫ جزار‬jazzār pl. ‫ة‬, -ūn butcher
‫ جزيرة‬jazīra pl. ‫ جزائر‬jazā’ir2, ‫ جزر‬juzur
island│ ‫ شبه جزيرة‬šibhu j. peninsula; ‫الجزيرة‬
Al Jazira, (Northwest) Mesopotemia;
‫ الجزائر‬Algeria; Algiers; ‫ جزيرة العرب‬j.
al-‘arab Arabia, the Arabian Peninsula;
‫( الجزائر الخالدات‬ḳālidāt) the Canary Islands;
‫( الجزيرة الخضراء‬ḳaḍrā’) Algeciras (seaport
in SW Spain)
‫ جزرى‬jazarī insular; (pl. -ūn) islander
‫ جزائرى‬jazā’rī pl. -ūn Algerian (adj. and
n.); islander
‫ مجزر‬majzar pl. ‫ مجازر‬majāzir2
slaughterhouse, abattoir; butchery
‫ مجزرة‬majzara pl. ‫ مجازر‬majāzir2
butchery; massacre, carnage
2
‫جزر‬jazar (coll.; n. un. ‫ )ة‬carrot(s)
‫ جزع‬jazi‘a a (jaza‘, ‫ جزع‬juzū‘) to be or become
anxious, worried, concerned; to be sad,
unhappy (‫ من‬about); to feel regret (‫ على‬for
s.o.), pity (‫ على‬s.o.); to mourn (j. for s.o.)
V to break apart, break, snap
‫ جزع‬jaz‘ onyx
‫ جزع‬juz’ axle; shaft (techn.)
 ‫ جزع‬jaza‘ anxiety, uneasiness,
apprehension, concern; anguish, fear;
sadness
‫ جزع‬jazi‘ restless, impatient; anxious,
worried, uneasy, apprehensive
‫ جزع‬jazū‘ and ‫ جازع‬jāzi‘ restless;
impatient; anxious, worried, uneasy,
apprehensive
‫ مجزع‬mujazza‘ marbled, veined;
variegated, dappled 123
‫ جزف‬III to act at random, blindly,
Indiscriminately, take a chance; to
speculate (fin.); to speak vaguely, in
general terms; to risk, stake (‫ ب‬s.th.)│
‫ جازف بنفسه‬to risk one’s life; ‫ جازف به فى‬to
plunge s.o. into (some adventure)
‫ جزاف‬juzāf purchase of a certain amount
of things (Isl. Law); ‫ جزافا‬juzāfan at
random, haphazardly
‫ مجازفة‬mujāzafa rashness, recklessness,
foolhardiness; risk, hazard; adventure,
2
venture
‫ مجازف‬mujāzif rash, reckless, foolhardy;
adventurous; venturesome
2
‫ جزل‬jazūla u to be considerable, abundant,
plentiful IV ‫‘( اجزل له العطاء‬aṯā’) to give
generously, openhandedly, liberally to s.o.
VIII to write shorthand
‫ جزل‬jazl and ‫ جزيل‬jazīl pl. ‫ جزال‬jizāl
abundant, plentiful, ample, much; pure,
lucid, eloquent (style)│ ‫ جزل الرأي‬of
sound, unerring judgment; ‫شكره شكرا جزيال‬
šakarahū šukran jazīlan he thanked him
profusely; ‫ شكرا جزيال‬many thanks!
‫ جزل‬jizla piece, slice
‫ جزالة‬jazāla profusion, abundance;
(rhet.) purity (of style)
‫ مجتزل‬mujtazil stenographer
1
‫ جوزل‬look up alphabetically
2
‫جزالن‬juzlān = ‫جزدان‬
1
‫ جزم‬jawma i (jazm) to cut off, cut short, clip (
‫ ھـ‬s.th.); to judge; to decide. Settle (‫ھـ‬
s.th.); to be positive (‫ ب‬about), be
absolutely certain (‫ ب‬of s.th.); to assert
authoritatively (‫ ب‬s.th.); to make up one's
mind, decide, resolve (‫ على‬to do s.th.); to
impose, make incumbent (‫ على ھـ‬s.th. on
s.o.); (gram.) to pronounce the final
consonant (of a word) without a vowel; to
put (‫ ھـ‬a verb) into the apocopate form or
the imperative
‫ جزم‬jazm cutting off, clipping; decision;
resolution, resolve; apodictic judgment;
(gram.) apocopate form│ ‫عالمة الجزم‬
‘alāmat al-j. = jazma
‫ جزمة‬jazma diacritical mark (o)
indicating vowellessness of a final
consonant
‫ جازم‬jāzim decisive; peremptory,
definite, definitive, final; firmly
convinced, absolutely certain (‫ ب‬of s.th.);
(pl. ‫ جوازم‬jawāzim2) governing the
apocopate form (gram.)
‫ مجزوم‬majzūm cut off. cut short, clipped;
decided. settled; (gram.) vowelless (final
consonant); in the apocopate form
‫ منجزم‬munjazim (gram.) in the apocopate
form
‫ جزمة‬jazma pl. –āt, ‫ جزم‬jizam (pair of) shoes
(pair of) boots│ ‫( جزمة برباط‬bi-ribāṯ) laced
soots; ‫( جزمة لماعة‬lammā‘a) patent-leather
shoes
‫ جزمجى‬gazmagī (eg.) and ‫جزماتى‬
gizamātī (eg.), jazmātī (syr.) pl. -īya
shoemaker
‫ جزى‬jazā i (‫ جزاء‬iazii') to requite, recompense (
‫ ه‬s.o., ‫ ب‬or ‫ على‬for), repay (‫ ه‬to s.o., ‫ ب‬or
‫ على‬s.th.); to reward (‫ ه‬s.o., ‫ ب‬or ‫ على‬for);
to punish (‫ ه‬s.o., ‫ ب‬or ‫ على‬for); to satisfy (‫ه‬
s.o.), give satisfaction (‫ ه‬to s.o.); to
compensate, make up (‫ ب ھـ‬for s.th. with
or by); to compensate, offset (‫ عن‬s.th.)│
‫( جزاك ﷲ خيرا‬ḳairan) may God bless you
for it!; ‫( جزاه جزاء سنمار‬jazā’a sinimmāra)
he returned to him good for evil III to
repay, requite (‫ ب ھـ‬s.th. with, ‫ ب ه‬s.o. for),
recompense (‫ ب ه‬s.o. for); to reward (‫على‬
or ‫ ب ه‬s.o. for); to punish (‫ على‬or ‫ ب ه‬s.o.
for)│ ‫( جزاھم خيرا‬ḳairan) he invoked God’s
reward upon them IV to suffice (‫ ه‬s.o.), do
for s.o. (‫ ;)ه‬to take the place, serve instead
(‫ عن‬of), replace (‫ عن‬s.th.)
‫ جزاء‬jazā’ requital, repayment;
recompense, return; compensation, setoff;
124 amends, reparation; punishment,
penalty│ ‫( جزاء نقدي‬naqdī) fine
 ‫ جزائى‬jazā’ī penal
‫ جزية‬jizya pl. ‫ جزى‬jizan, ‫ جزاء‬jizā’ tax;
tribute; head tax on free non-Muslims
under Muslim rule
‫ تجزية‬tajziya reward
‫ مجازاة‬mujāzāh requital, repayment;
punishment
‫ جس‬jassa u (jass, ‫ مجسة‬majassa) to touch, feel,
handle (‫ ھـ‬s.th.); to palpate, examine by
touch (‫ ھـ‬s.th.); to test, sound, probe (‫ھـ‬
s.th.); to try to gain information (‫ ھـ‬about),
try to find out (‫ ھـ‬s.th.); to spy out (‫ھـ‬
s.th.)│ ‫( جس نبضه‬nabḍahū) to feel s.o.’s
pulse, (fig.) ‫ جس نبض الشيء‬to probe, sound
out, try to find out s.th. V to try to gain
information (‫ ھـ‬about), try to find out (‫ھـ‬
s.th.); to reconnoiter, scout, explore (‫ھـ‬
s.th.); to be a spy, engage in espionage; to
spy, pry, snoop (‫ على‬on s.o.)│ ‫تجسس له‬
‫( اخبارا‬aḳbāran) to gather information for
s.o., spy for s.o. VIII to touch, feel, handle
(‫ ھـ‬s.th.); to spy out (‫ ھـ‬s.th.)
‫ جس‬jass: ‫ طرى الجس‬ṯarīy al-j. delicate to
the touch, having a tender surface, fresh
‫ جاسوس‬jāsūs pl. ‫ جواسيس‬jawāsīs2 spy
‫ جاسوسة‬jāsūsa woman spy
‫ جاسوسى‬jāsūsī of espionage, spy- (in
compounds)
‫ جاسوسية‬jāsūsīya spying, espionage
‫ جوسسة‬jausasa spying, espionage
‫ مجس‬majass spot which one touches or
feels; sense of touch│ ‫ خشن المجس‬ḳašin al-
m. coarse to the touch, having a rough
surface
‫ مجس‬mijass probe (med.)
‫ تجسس‬tajassus spying, espionage
‫ جاسئ‬jāsi’ hard, rough, rugged
‫ جسد‬II to make corporeal, invest with a body,
embody, incarnate (‫ ھـ‬s.th.), give concrete
form (‫ ھـ‬to s.th.); to render or represent in
corporeal form (‫ ھـ‬s.th.) V to become
corporeal, assume concrete form,
materialize; to become incarnate (Chr.); to
become three-dimensional
‫ جسد‬jasad pl. ‫ اجساد‬ajsād body│ ‫عيد الجسد‬
‘īd al-j. and ‫ خميس الجسد‬Corpus Christi Day
(Chr.)
‫ جسدى‬jasadī bodily, fleshly, carnal
‫ جسدانى‬jusdānī bodily
‫ تجسد‬taia.snul materialization; incar·
nation (OM.)
‫ مجسد‬mujassad embodied, corporified
‫ متجسد‬mutajassid corporeal; incarnate
(Chr)
‫ جسر‬jasara u to span, cross, traverse (‫ ھـ‬s.th.);
(‫ جسارة‬jasāra, ‫ جسور‬jusūr) to venture, risk
(‫ على‬s.th.), have the courage (‫ على‬to do
s.th.) II to build a dam or dike; to
embolden, encourage (‫ ھـ‬s.o., ‫ على‬to do
s.th.) VI to dare, venture, risk (‫ على‬s.th.),
have the audacity (‫ على‬to do s.th.); to be
sold, forward, insolent, impudent (‫على‬
with s.o.) VIII to span, cross, traverse (‫ھـ‬
s.th.)
‫ جسر‬jisr pl. ‫ اجسر‬ajsur, ‫ جسور‬jusūr
bridge; dam, dike, embankment, levee; --
(pl. ‫ جسورة‬jusūra) beam, girder; axle,
axletree│ ‫( جسر متحرك‬muḥarrik) movable
bridge; ‫( جسر معلق‬mu‘allaq) suspension
bridge; ‫ جسر عائم‬pontoon bridge, floating
bridge
‫ جسور‬jasār sold, daring; forward,
insolent, impudent
‫ جسارة‬jasāra boldness, recklessness,
intrepidity; forwardness, insolence
‫ تجاسر‬tajāsur boldness, recklessness,
intrepidity; forwardness, insolence
‫ متجاسر‬mutajāsir bold, daring; forward,
insolent, impudent 125
‫ جسطن‬see ‫جصطن‬
‫ جسم‬jasuma u (‫ جسامة‬jasāma) to be great. Big,
large. bulky. huge. immense II to make
corporeal. invest with a body (‫ ھـ‬s.th.),
give (‫ ھـ‬s.th.) shape or form; to materialize
(‫ ھـ‬s.th.); to cause to stand out. bring out (
‫ ھـ‬s.th.); to enlarge, magnify (‫ ھـ‬s.th.; e.g.,
microscope); to make big, bulky, huge (‫ھـ‬
s.th.); to play up, exaggerate (‫ ھـ‬s.th.) V to
become corporeal, become embodied; to
materialize; to assume a form, take shape,
become tangible or concrete; to be
 materialized; to become big, large, huge,
increase in volume, grow in size
‫ جسم‬pl. ‫ اجسام‬ajsām, ‫ جسوم‬jusūm body
(also O of an automobile); substance,
matter; mass; form, shape
‫ جسمى‬iiaa1 bodily, physical; substantial,
material
‫ جسيم‬jasīm pl. ‫ جسام‬great, big, large;
voluminous, bulky, huge; vast, immense;
stout, corpulent; weighty, most
significant, momentous, prodigious
‫ جسيم‬jusaim pl. -āt particle (phys.);
corpuscle (biol.)
‫ اجسم‬ajsam2 more voluminous, larger;
stouter, more corpulent
‫ جسم‬jasāma size, volume; stoutness,
corpulence
‫ جسمان‬jusmān body, mass
‫ جسمانى‬jusmānī bodily, physical.
Corporal│‫ التأديب الجسمانى‬corporal
punishment
‫ تجسيم‬tajsīm embodiment; relief;
enlargement, magnification, magnifying
power
‫ جسم‬mujassam bodily, corporeal; (math.)
body; three-dimensional; tangible,
material, concrete; raised, relieflike,
standing out in relief (e.g., ‫خريطة مجسمة‬
relief map); relief; enlarged. Magnified│
‫( فلم مجسم‬film) three-dimensional
(stereoscopic) film, 3-D motion picture
‫ جسمانية‬jasmānīya2 Gethseman
‫ )جسا )جسو‬jasā u to become hard, solid
‫ جش‬jašša u (jašš) to grind, crush, bruise, grate
(‫ ھـ‬s.th.)
‫ جش‬jušša hoarseness, huskiness, raucity
(of the voice)
‫ جشيش‬jašīš ground, grated, crushed
‫ اجش‬ajašš2, f. ‫ جشاء‬jaššā’2 hoarse,
husky, raucous (voice)
‫ جشأ‬II and V to belch, burp
‫ جشاء‬jušā’ and ‫ جشأة‬jaš’a belch(ing),
burp(ing)
‫ جشار‬jušār livestock
‫ جشع‬jaši‘a a (jaša‘) and V to be covetous,
greedy
‫ جشع‬jaša‘ greed, avidity, inordinate
desire
‫ جشع‬jaši‘ greedy, covetous
‫ جشم‬jašāma a (jašm, ‫ جشامة‬jašāma) to take
upon o.s. (‫ ھـ‬some hardship) II to make (‫ه‬
s.o.) suffer or undergo (‫ ھـ‬s.th.); to impose
(‫ ھـ ه‬on s.o. s.th. difficult), burden (‫ ھـ ه‬s.o.
with s.th.) V to take upon o.s., suffer,
undergo (‫ ھـ‬s.th., e.g., hardships)
‫( جشنى‬eg., cf. ‫ ششنى‬šišnī) sample, specimen;
sampling
‫ جص‬II to plaster, whitewash (‫ ھـ‬s.th.)
‫ جص‬jiṣṣ gypsum; plaster of Paris
‫ جصطن‬II tajaṣṯana to lounge, stretch lazily,
loll
‫ جعة‬ji‘a beer
‫ جعب‬II to corrugate (‫ ھـ‬s.th.)
‫ جعبة‬ja‘ba pl. ‫ جعاب‬ji‘āb quiver; tube, pipe; gun
barrel; o cartridge pouch (Syr.)│ ‫جعبة اخبار‬
j. aḳbār town gossip (person) 126
‫ جعجع‬ja‘ja‘a (‫ جعجع‬ja‘ja‘a) to clamor, roar,
shout; to clatter, clap; to bluster, explode
in anger
‫ جعجعة‬ja‘ja‘a hubbub, rumpus, clamor,
roar; creak, clapping noise (of a mill
wheel); bluster
‫ جعجاع‬ja‘jā‘ clamorous, boisterous,
noisy; bawler, loud-mouthed person
‫ جعد‬ja‘uda a (‫ جعودة‬ju‘ūda, ‫ جعادة‬ja‘āda) and V
to become curly, frizzed, kinky, curl
(hair); to be wavy; to be creased; to be
wrinkled II to curl, frizz (‫ ھـ‬s.th.; the hair);
to wave (‫ ھـ‬s.th.; the hair); to crease, pleat,
plait (‫ ھـ‬cloth); to wrinkle (‫ ھـ‬the skin)
‫ جعد‬ja‘d (or ‫ جعد اليد‬j. al-yad, ‫ جعد الكف‬j.
al-kaff) stingy, niggardly, tightfisted
‫ جعدة‬ja‘da curl, lock, ringlet
‫ جعدى‬ja‘dī and ‫ اجعد‬aj‘ad2 curly
‫ جعيدى‬gə‘īdī (eg.) bum, loafer, good-for-
nothing
‫ تجاعيد‬tajā‘īd2 wrinkles, lines (of the
face)
‫ تجعدات‬taja‘‘udāt wrinkles
 ‫ مجعد‬muja‘‘ad curled, frizzed; wavy;
furrowed, creased; wrinkled
‫ متجعد‬mutaja‘‘id curled, frizzed; wavy;
furrowed, creased; wrinkled
‫ جعدنة‬ja‘dana idle talk, gossip (leb.)
‫ جعر‬ja‘ara a (ja‘r) to drop its manure (animal)
‫ ابو جعران‬abū ji‘rān2 scarabaeus; dung
beetle
‫ جعفر‬ja‘far little river, creek
‫ جعل‬ja‘ala a (ja‘l) to make (‫ ھـ‬s.th.); to put,
place, lay (‫ ھـ‬s.th.); to create (‫ ھـ‬s.th.); to
effect, bring about (‫ ھـ‬s.th.); to make (‫ھـ ھـ‬
s.th. a rule, a principle, or the like, ‫ ه ه‬s.o.,
e.g., leader, king, etc.), appoint (‫ ه ه‬s.o. to
an office, rank, or the like); to fix, set (‫ھـ ھـ‬
a sum, a price, at); to think, deem, believe
(‫ ب ه‬or ‫ ه ه‬s.o. to be …, ‫ ھـ ھـ‬s.th. to be ...),
take (‫ ب ه‬or ‫ ه ه‬s.o. for, ‫ ھـ ھـ‬s.th. for); to
represent (‫ ھـ‬s.th., ‫ فى صورة‬as, or in the
form of, s.th. else); to appoint, settle (‫ل ھـ‬
s.th. for s.o., in s.o.’s favor); to give,
grant, concede (‫ ل ھـ‬s.th., an advantage, to
s.o.), put s.o. (‫ )ل‬in the way of s.th. (‫ ;)ھـ‬to
attribute (‫ ھـ ل‬to s.o. s.th.), maintain that
s.th. (‫ )ھـ‬belong. to s.o. (‫ ;)ل‬to entrust (‫الى‬
‫ ھـ‬s.th. to s.o.); to put, get (‫ ه‬s.o., ‫ ھـ‬s.th.,
into a specific state or condition); (with
foll. imperf.) to begin to, set out to│‫جعله‬
‫ يفعل‬to induce s.o. to do; to make s.o. do
s.th. (in a narrative); ‫( جعله بمننزلة‬bi-
manzilati) to place s.o. on equal footing
with; ‫( جعله فى متناول يده‬fī mutanāwali
yadihī) to bring or put s.th. within s.o.’s
reach III to seek to bribe, try to win (‫ب ه‬
s.o. with s.th.)
‫ جعل‬ju‘l pl. ‫ اجعال‬aj‘āl pay, wages; piece
wages; reward, prize
‫ جعلى‬ju‘līi: ‫( اتفاق جعلى‬ittifāq) piece-work
contract
‫ جعل‬ju‘al pl. ‫ جعالن‬ji‘lān dung beetle;
scarabaeus
‫ جعالة‬ji‘āla, ja‘āla, ju‘āla pl. ‫ جعائل‬ja‘āil2
pay, wages; allowance; reward, prize:
bribe
‫ جغرافيا‬jugrāfiyā and ‫ جغرافية‬jugrāfīya
geography│‫( جغرافية طبيعية‬ṯabī‘īya)
physical geography
‫ جغرافي‬jugrāfī geographical; geographer
‫ جف‬jaffa (1st pers. perf. jafaftu) i (‫ جفاف‬jafāf,
‫ جفوف‬jufūf) to dry, become dry; to dry out
II to dry, make dry (‫ ھـ‬s.th.)
‫ جفاف‬jafāf dryness; desiccation; drying
up; dullness
‫تجفاف‬tajfāf pl. ‫ تجافيف‬tajāfīf2 protective
armor
‫ تجفيف‬tajfīf drying; desiccation;
dehydration; drainage 127
‫ جاف‬jāff dry│ ‫( قلم حبر جاف‬qalam ḥibr)
ball-point pen
‫ مجفف‬mujaffaf dried, desiccated,
dehydrated; ‫ مجففات‬dehydrated foods
‫ جفاء‬jufā’ useless, vain, futile│ ‫ذھب جفاء‬
dahaba jufā’an to be in vain, be of no
avail, pass uselessly
‫ جفت‬jift, ‫ چفت‬čift (pronounced šift; eg.) pincers,
tweezers; metal clamp│ ‫ جفت شريان‬j.
šaryān arterial clamps
‫( چفتشى‬pronounced šiftišī; eg.) filigree
‫ جفتلك‬jiftlik farm, country estate; government
land (Pal.)
‫ جفر‬jafr, ‫‘ علم الجفر‬ilm al-j. divination,
fortunetelling
‫ جفرة‬jufra pl. ‫ جفر‬jufar pit, hole
‫ جفل‬jafala i u (jafl, ‫ جفول‬jufūl) and IV to start,
jump with fright; to shy (horse) II to start,
rouse (‫ ھـ‬s.th., .s.o.); to scare away (‫ ه‬s.o.)
‫ جفل‬jafl and ‫ جفول‬jufūl fright, alarm;
shying
‫( چفلك‬pronounced šiflik; eg.) = ‫جفتلك‬
‫ جفن‬pl. ‫ جفون‬jufūn, ‫ اجفان‬ajfān eyelid
‫ جفنة‬jafna pl. ‫ جفان‬jifān, ‫ جفنات‬jafanāt
bowl; grapsvine
(‫ جفو( جفا‬jafā u (jafw, ‫ جفاء‬jafā’) to be rough,
coarse; to treat (‫ ه‬s.o.) roughly, harshly; to
turn away (. from), shun, avoid, flee (‫ه‬
s.o.) III to treat (‫ ه‬s.o.) roughly, rudely,
harshly; to be cruel (‫ ه‬to s.o.); to be cross (
‫ ه‬with s.o.); to elude, flee (‫ ه‬s.o.; slumber);
to offend (‫ ھـ‬against good taste, one’s
sense of honor, or the like) VI to withdraw
(‫ عن‬from), shun, avoid (‫ ه‬s.o.); to loathe (
‫ عن‬s.o., s.th.), have an aversion (‫ عن‬to); to
display rude manners, act the ruffian
 ‫ جفو‬jafw roughness, harshness
‫ جفوة‬jafwa roughness; estrangement,
alienation; disagreement, dissension,
quarrel
‫ جفاء‬jafā’ roughness; harshness;
sternness; antipathy, aversion, distaste,
loathing; estrangement, alienation
‫ اجفى‬ajfā refraining even more (‫ ل‬from),
more averse (‫ ل‬to s.th.)
‫ جاف‬jāfin pl. ‫ جفاة‬jufāh harsh, rough,
coarse; brutish, uncouth, rude
‫ جاكتة‬look up alphabetically
‫ جكر‬III (syr.) to tease (‫ ه‬s.o.)
1
‫ جل‬jalla i (‫ جالل‬jalāl) to be great, lofty,
exalted, illustrious, sublime; to be too
great (‫ عن‬for), be beyond s.th. (‫)عن‬, be far
above s.th. (‫‘(عن(│ جل عن الحصر‬an il-ḥaṣr)
to be innumerable II to honor, dignify,
exalt (‫ ه‬s.o.); to cover (‫ ھـ‬s.th., esp. the
ground, as snow, plants, etc.); to envelop,
wrap, drape, clothe; to border, edge (‫ھـ‬
s.th., ‫ ب‬with) IV to honor, dignify, revere,
‫( جالتين‬Fr. gélatine) želātīn jelly
venerate, esteem highly, exalt (‫ ه‬s.o.); to
deem too high, too exalted (‫ عن‬for s.th.),
consider far beyond s.th. (‫ )عن‬VI to deem
o.s. far above s.th. (‫ )عن‬X to be great,
exalted, sublime
‫ جل‬great, outstanding; bulky
‫ جل‬jull major portion, bulk, majority,
main part│‫ جله‬julluhū most of it; ‫ جل االمة‬j.
al-umma the majority of the people; ‫جل ما‬
‫ فيه‬its main contents; ‫( وجل ما يقال انه‬jullu)
that much, at least, can be said that ...
‫ جلل‬jalal important, significant,
momentous, weighty
‫ جلى‬jullā pl. ‫ جلل‬julal matter of great
importance, momentous undertaking,
great feat, exploit
‫ جلة‬julla, jilla droppings, dung (of
animals); julla pl. ‫ جلل‬julal (cannon) ban;
bomb 128
‫ جلة‬julla attire, clothing│ ‫الجلة الجبروتية‬
‫( ))الكھنوتية‬ḥabrawīya, kahnūtīya)
Episcopal (sacerdotal) vestments (Chr.)
‫ جليل‬jalīl pl. ‫ اجالء‬ajillā’2, ‫ اجلة‬ajilla, ‫جالئل‬
jalā’il2 great, important, significant,
weighty, momentous; lofty, exalted,
sublime; revered, honorable, venerable;
glorious, splendid
‫ جالل‬jalāl loftiness, sublimity,
augustness; splendor, glory
‫ جاللة‬jalāla loftiness, sublimity,
augustness; majeoty│ ‫صاحب )صاحبة( الجاللة‬
His (Her) Majesty, ‫ جاللة الملك‬j. al-malik
His Majesty, the King
‫ اجل‬ajall2 greater; more sublime; more
splendid
‫ مجلة‬majalla pl. -āt periodical; review,
magazine│ ‫( مجلة اسبوعية‬usbū‘īya) weekly
magazine; ‫( مجلة شھرية‬šahrīya) monthly
publication; ‫( مجلة خاصة ب‬ḳāṣṣa)
professional journal for a. ; ‫مجلة االحكام‬
lawbook, code; ‫ مجلة القوانين‬do.
‫ تجلة‬tajilla and ‫ اجالل‬ijlāl honor,
distinction; esteem, deference, respect;
reverence
2
‫ جل‬jull rose
‫ جالب‬julāb, jullāb rose water; julep
‫( جالسية‬Fr. glacé) glasēh (eg.) kid leather
1
‫ جلب‬jalaba i u (jalb) to attract (‫ ھـ‬s.th.); to
fetch, get, bring (‫ ھـ‬s.th., ‫ ل‬to s.o.); to
import (‫ ھـ‬goods); to bring about (‫ ھـ‬a
state, condition); to bring (‫ ھـ‬harm, shame,
etc., ‫ على‬upon s.o.); to gain, win, obtain (‫ھـ‬
s.th.); to earn (‫ ھـ‬s.th.); (‫ جلوب‬julūb) to scar
over, heal (wound) II to shout, clamor; to
be noisy, boisterous IV to earn, gain,
acquire (‫ ھـ‬s.th.); = II; VII pass. of I VIII
to procure, bring, fetch, get (‫ ھـ‬s.th.); to
draw (‫ ھـ‬on s.th.); to import (‫ ھـ‬goods) X
to import (‫ ھـ‬goods); to fetch, summon,
call in (‫ ه‬s.o.); to attract, draw (‫ ه‬،‫ ھـ‬s.o.,
s.th.); to seek to attract or win (‫ ه‬،‫ ھـ‬s.o.,
s.th.); to get, procure (‫ ھـ‬s.th.)
‫ جلب‬jalb bringing, fetching;
procurement; acquisition; importation,
import; causation, bringing on, bringing
about
‫ جلب‬jalab imported; foreign
‫ جلب‬jalab and ‫ جلبة‬jalaba clamor; uproar,
tumult, turmoil
‫ جلبة‬julba scar
 ‫ جليب‬jalīb imported, foreign; (pl. ‫جلبى‬
jalbā, ‫ جلباء‬julabā’2) foreign slave
‫ جالب‬jallāb attractive, captivating;
importer, trader; see also alphabetically│
‫ جالب العبيد‬slave trader
‫ جالبية‬gallābīya (eg.) pl. -at, ‫جالليب‬
galālīb2 galabia, a loose, shirtlike garment,
the common dreao of the male population
in Egypt
‫ جلباب‬below under ‫جلبب‬
‫ جلب‬ajlab2 more attractive, more
captivating
‫ مجلبة‬majlaba pl. ‫ مجالب‬majālib2
causative factor, motive, reason, cause,
occasion
‫ استجالب‬istijlāb procurement,
acquisition; importation, import; supply;
attraction│ ‫ استجالب السائحين‬promotion of
tourist traffic
‫ جالب‬jālib causative factor, motive,
reason, cause, occasion
2
‫ جالب‬julāb, jullāb rose water; julep
3
‫ جلبا‬jalabā jalap (bot.)
‫ جلبب‬II tajalbaba to clothe o.s. (‫ ب‬with), be
clothed, be clad (‫ ب‬in a garment, also fig.)
‫ جلباب‬jilbāb pl. ‫ جالبيب‬jalābīb2 garment,
dress, gown; woman's dress
‫ جلبان‬julubbān chickling vetch, grass pea
(Lathyrus sativua)
1
‫ جلجل‬jaljala to reverberate; to resound, ring
out; to rattle; to shake (‫ ھـ‬s.th.)
2
‫ جلجل‬juljul pl. ‫ جالجل‬jalājil (little) bell,
sleigh bell; cowbell; jingle
‫ جلجلة‬jaljala sound of a bell; loud, shrill
sound
‫ مجلجل‬mujaljil shrill, piercing; ringing,
resounding, reverberant
2
‫ جلجلة‬juljula, ‫ جبل الجلجلة‬jabal al-j. Golgotha
3
‫جلجالن‬juljulān, jiljilān sesame
‫ جلح‬jaliḥa a (jalaḥ) to be or become bald
‫ اجلح‬ajlaḥ2, f. ‫ جلحاء‬jalḥā’2, pl. ‫ جلح‬julḥ
bald-headed, bald
‫ جلخ‬jalaḳa a and II to sharpen (‫ ھـ‬s.th.); to
whet, hone (‫ ھـ‬a knife), strop (‫ ھـ‬a razor);
to stretch, extend, roll out (‫ ھـ‬metal)
‫ جلخ‬jalḳ grindstone, whetetone, hone
‫ جلد‬jalada i (jald) to whip, flog, lash (‫ ه‬s.o.); --
jalida a to be frozen, freeze; -- jaluda u to
be tough, hardy, undismayed, steadfast,
patient II to bind (‫ ھـ‬a book); (to cause) to
freeze (‫ ھـ‬s.th.) III to fight (‫ ه‬s.o.) IV to
freeze; to be frozen, be covered with ice V
to take heart; to show o.s. tough, hardy,
robust; to resign o.s. to patience; to bear,
suffer VI to engage in a sword fight
‫ جلد‬jald flogging; -- (pl. ‫ اجالد‬ajlād)
staunch, steadfast; strong, sturdy
‫ جلد‬jild pl. ‫ جلود‬julūd, ‫ اجالد‬ajlād skin,
hide; leather│ ‫( جلد سختيان‬suḳtiyān)
morocco; ‫( جلد لماع‬lammā‘) patent leather
‫ جلدة‬jilda skin, hide; piece of leather;
race│ ‫ ابن جلدتنا‬ibn jildatinā our
countryman, our fellow tribesman, pl. ‫بنو‬
‫ جلدتنا‬banū j.
‫ جلدى‬jildī dermal, cutaneous, skin
(adj.)│ ‫ امراض جلدية‬skin diseases
‫ جليدة‬julaida pl. -āt membrane, pellicle;
O film (phot.)
‫ جلد‬jalad enduranos; suffering; patience;
firmament
‫ جلدة‬jalda lash, stroke with a whip
‫ جليد‬jalīd pl. ‫ جلداء‬juladā’2 staunch,
steadfast; strong, sturdy
‫ جليد‬jalīd ice│ ‫ جبل جليد‬jabal j. iceberg;
‫( قطعة من الجليد‬qiṯ‘a) ice floe
‫ جليدى‬jalīdī icy, ice-covered, glacial, ice
(adj.); snow-covered│ ‫‘( العصر الجليدى‬aṣr)
the Ice Age
‫ جلود‬jalūd long-suffering, patient
‫ جالد‬jallād pl. -ūn leather merchant;
executioner, hangman
‫ جالدة‬jalāda and ‫ جلودة‬julūda endurance,
patience
‫ مجلدة‬mijlada whip, lash, scourge
‫ تجليد‬tajlīd freezing; bookbinding
‫ جالد‬jilād fight, battle (against)
‫ تجلد‬tajallud endurance, patience
 ‫ مجلد‬mujallid: ‫ مجلد الكتب‬m. al-kutub
bookbinder
‫ مجلد‬mujallad frozen, icy, ice-covered;
bound (book); (pl. -āt) volume (book)
‫ مجالد‬mujālid pl. -ūn gladiator
‫ متجلد‬mutajallid patient
‫ جلمز‬jillauz (coll.; n. un. ‫ )ة‬hazelnut; hazel
‫ جلس‬jalasa i (‫ جلوس‬julūs) to sit down (‫ الى‬with
s.o., at a tabl., etc., ‫ على‬on a chair); to sit (
‫ الى‬with s.o., at a table, ‫ على‬on a chair)│
‫( جلس الى الرسام‬rassām) to sit for a painter
III to sit (‫ ه‬with s.o., next to s.o., in s.o.’s
company); to keep s.o. (‫ )ه‬company IV to
ask to sit down, make sit down, eeat (‫ه‬
s.o.)
‫ جلسة‬jalsa pl. -āt seat (in an auditorium);
session (of parliament, of a committee,
130 of a court, etc.); party, gathering,
meeting│‫‘ عقد جلسة‬aqada jasatan to
convene a session; ‫‘( جلسة عامة‬āmma)
plenary session
‫ جلسة‬jilsa manner of sitting
‫ جليس‬pl. ‫ جلساء‬julasā’2 participant in a
social gathering; table companion: one
with whom one sits together; ‫ جليسه‬the
man who was at the party with him
‫ جليسة‬jalīsa lady companion; fem. of
‫جليس‬
‫ جلوس‬julūs sitting: sitting down;
accession to the throne; pl. of ‫ جالس‬sitting
‫ مجلس‬majlis pl. ‫ مجالس‬majālis2 seat;
session room, conference room; party,
gathering, meeting; social gathering:
session, sitting; council meeting; council;
concilium; collegium, college: board,
committee, commission; administrative
board; court, tribunal│‫ فى مجلسه‬in s.o.’s
presence, in s.o.’s company; ‫مجلس التأديب‬
and ‫ مجلس تأديبى‬disciplinary board; ‫مجلس‬
‫ تأسيسى‬constituent assembly; ‫مجلس آفاقى‬
regional court (tribunal régional; Tun.);
‫ مجلس األمة‬m. al-umma parliament (Ir.);
‫ مجلس األمن‬m. al-amn the Security Council;
‫ مجلس البلدية‬m. al-baladīya and ‫مجلس بلدى‬
(baladī) local council, municipal council;
‫ مجلس الحرب‬m. al-ḥarb war council; ‫مجلس‬
‫( حسبى‬ḥasbī) probate court (for Muslim;
Eg.); ‫( مجلس مختلط‬muḳtaliṯ) mixed court
(eg.); ‫ مجلس الدفاع‬defense council; ‫مجلس‬
‫ االدارة‬m. al-idāra administrative board,
committee of management, directorate;
board of directors (of a corporation or
bank); ‫ مجلس المديرية‬m. al-mudīrīya
provincial council, provincial parliament
(Eg.); ‫ مجلس الدولة‬m. ad-daula Supreme
Administrative Court (Eg.); ‫مجلس روحى‬
(rūḥī) religious court, clerical court (of the
Coptic Church); ‫ مجلس شورى الدولة‬m. šūrā
d-daula council of state; ‫مجلس الشيوخ‬
council of elders: Senate (Eg.); ‫مجلس عدلى‬
(‘adlī) court, tribunal (Syr.); (‫ عسكرى‬or)
‫‘( مجلس عرفى‬urfī, ‘askarī) court-martial;
‫ مجلس عصبة األمم‬m. ‘uṣbat al-umam Council
of the League of Nations; ‫ مجلس العموم‬the
House of Commons; ‫ مجلس األعيان‬m. al-
a‘yān senate (Ir., Jord.); ‫ مجلس االقتراع‬draft
board, recruiting commission (mil.); ‫مجلس‬
‫( قروى‬qarawī) local council; ‫مجلس اقتصادى‬
(iqtiṣādī) economic council: ‫مجلس قومى‬
(qaumī) national assembly; ‫مجلس قيادة الثورة‬
m. qiyādat at-taura Supreme
Revolutionary Tribunal (Eg.): ‫المجلس الكبير‬
and ‫( المجلس االكبر‬akbar) the Grand Council
(= le Grand Conseil; Tun.); ‫مجلس اللوردين‬
the House of Lords: ‫ مجلس النواب‬m. an-
nuwwāb lower house, chamber of
deputies; ‫( مجلس نيابى‬niyābī) parliament;
‫ مجلس الجھة‬m. al-jiha approx.: provincial
council (= conseil de région; Tun.); ‫مجلس‬
‫ الوزراء‬m. al-wuzarā’ cabinet, council of
ministers
‫ مجالسة‬mujālasa social intercourse
‫ جالس‬jālis pl. ‫ جلوس‬julūs, ‫ جالس‬jullās
sitting; pl. ‫ جالس‬participants in a social
gathering
‫ جلط‬jalaṯa i (jalṯ) to chafe, gall, abrade (‫ ھـ‬the
skin); to shave (‫ الرأس‬ar-ra’sa the head
‫ جلطة‬julṯa lump, clot│ ‫جلطة دموية‬
(damawīya) blood clot, thrombus
‫ جلف‬jilf pl. ‫ اجالف‬ajlāf boorish, rude, uncivil
‫ جلفط‬jalfaṯa (‫ جلفطة‬jalfaṯa) to calk (‫ ھـ‬a ship)
‫ جلفن‬galfana (eg.) to galvanize
‫ جلفنة‬galfana galvanization
‫ مجلفن‬mugalfan galvanized
‫ جالقة‬jalāqa: ‫( جالقة قروية‬qarawīya) yokel,
bumpkin
‫ جلم‬jalama i (jalm) to clip, shear off (‫ ھـ‬s.th.)
 ‫ جلم‬jalam pl. ‫ اجالم‬ajlām shears
‫ ابو جلمبو‬abū galambū (eg.) a variety of crab
‫ جلمد‬II tajalmada to be petrified
‫ جلمد‬jalmad pl. ‫ جالمد‬jalāmid2 and ‫جلمود‬
julmūd pl. ‫ جالميد‬jalāmīd2 rook, bolder
‫ جلنار‬jullanār pomegranate blossom
(‫ جلو‬and ‫ جلى( جال‬jalā u to clean, polish (
‫ ھـ‬s.th.); to clear (‫ ھـ‬the view); to make
clear, make plain, clarity, clear up (‫ھـ‬
s.th.), throw light on (‫)ھـ‬, to reveal, unveil,
disclose (‫ ھـ‬s.th.), to dislodge, oust,
remove (‫ عن ھـ‬or ‫ ه‬s.o. or s.th. from), to
shine, be brilliant, distinguish o.s. (‫ فى‬in
s.th.); to be or become clear, evident,
manifest; to pull out, move out (‫ عن‬of a
place), go away, depart (‫ عن‬from a place),
leave, quit, evacuate (‫ عن‬a place); -- ‫جلى‬
jalā i to polish, burnish (‫ ھـ‬s.th.) II to
reveal, disclose, bring to light (‫ عن‬or ‫ھـ‬
s.th.); to show, represent (‫ ه‬s.o., ‫ ھـ‬s.th.),
IV to remove, dislodge, oust, drive away (
‫ ه‬،‫ ھـ‬s.o., s.th.); to evacuate (‫ ه‬s.o. from);
to move away, go away (‫ عن‬from a place),
leave (‫ عن‬a place) V to become clear,
evident, manifest; to reveal itself, be
revealed, to appear, show, come to light,
come out, manifest itself, to be
manifested, be expressed, find expression
VII to be clean or cleaned, be polished, be
burnished, to be removed, be dislodged,
be ousted; to move away (‫ عن‬from a
place), vacate, evacuate (‫ عن‬a place), to be
dispelled, vanish, go away, pass (crisis,
difficulty, etc.), to disappear, to reveal
itself, be revealed, be disclosed; to be
unveiled (bride), to become manifest,
manifest itself; to become clear or plain;
to clear up and reveal (‫ عن‬s.th.), to lead,
come (‫ عن‬to), end (‫ عن‬in), to result (‫عن‬
in)│‫ ما ينجلى عنه األمر‬the outcome of the
matter, what will come of it VIII to reveal,
disclose (‫ ھـ‬s.th.), to regard (‫ ھـ‬s.th.), look
at (‫ )ھـ‬X to seek to clarify (‫ ھـ‬s.th.), to
clarify, clear up (‫ ھـ‬s.th.), throw light (‫ھـ‬
on); to uncover, unearth, bring to light,
find out, discover, detect (‫ ھـ‬s.th.)
‫ ابن جال‬ibn jalā a famous, well-known
man, a celebrity
‫ جلى‬jalīy clear, plain, evident, patent,
manifest, obvious, conspicuous; ‫جليا‬
jalīyan obviously, evidently
‫ جلية‬jalīya pl. ‫ جاليا‬jalāyā sure thing,
plain fact│‫ جلية األمر‬jalīyat al-amr the true
state of the affair
‫ اجلى‬ajlā clearer, more obvious, more
distinct
‫ جلوى‬jalwā unveiling (of the bride)│‫ليلة‬
‫ الجلوة‬lailat al-j. wedding night
‫ جالء‬jalā’ clarification, elucidation;
clarity, clearness, plainness, distinctness;
departure, (e)migration (‫ عن‬from),
evacuation (‫ عن‬of an area; mil.); ‫بجالء‬
clearly, plainly
‫ جليان‬jalayān vision, revelation,
apocalypse (Chr.)
‫ مجال‬majālin (pl. of ‫ مجلى‬majlan)
manifestations
‫ تجلية‬tajliya: ‫( تجلية االھية‬ilāhīya) divine
revelation; theophany (Chr.)
‫ تجل‬tajallin revelation, manifestation;
Transfiguration (of Christ)│‫‘ عيد التجلى‬īd
at-t. Transfiguration Day (Chr.)
‫ اجتالء‬ijtilā’ contemplation
‫ استجالء‬istijlā’ clarification, elucidation
‫ جالية‬jāliya pl. -āt, ‫ جوال‬jawālin colony
(of foreigners); colony of emigrants
‫ المجلى‬al-mujallī the winner (in a race)
‫ متجل‬mutajallin obvious, evident,
manifest, patent
‫ جلون‬galōn pl. -āt gallon (eg.)
‫ مجلون‬mugalwan galvanized (eg.)
‫ جلى‬jullā see 1 ‫جل‬
‫ جليوتين‬gilyotīn guillotine (eg.)
1
‫ ج م‬abbreviation of ‫ جنيه مصرى‬Egyptian pound
2
‫ جم‬jamma i u (jamm) to gather; to collect
one’s thoughts, concentrate; to rest II and
V to grow luxuriantly (plants) X to gather;
to collect one’s thoughts, concentrate; to
rest, relax, seek recreation (‫ من‬from); to
be covered with luxuriant vegetation
(ground)
‫ جم‬jamm abundant, plentiful; much, a
great deal of; many, numerous; manifold,
 multiple; crowd, group of people│‫جم األثر‬
j. al-atar effective, efficacious; ‫احبه حبا جما‬
(aḥabbahū ḥubban) to be more than fond
of; ‫ فوائد جمة‬numerous advantages, ample
benefits; ‫ جم غفير‬large crowd, throng
‫ جمام‬jamām rest, relaxation, recreation,
gathering of new strength
‫ مجم‬majamm place where s.th. gathers or
flows together│‫مجم ھذا الرأي ومستجمعه‬
(mustajma‘uhū) what this opinion
amounts to
‫ تجميم‬tagmīm (eg.) bobbed hairdo (of
women)
‫ استجماتم‬istijmām collectedness;
concentration; attentiveness, attentive
reverence; rest, relaxation, recreation
‫ جنبازى‬،‫ جمباز‬see ‫ جنبازى‬،‫جنباز‬
‫( جمبرى‬from It. gambero) gambarī, ‫جمرى‬
gammarī (eg.) shrimp (zool.)
2
‫ جمجم‬jamjama (‫ جمجمة‬jamjama), ‫جمجم الكالم‬
(kalāma) and II tajamjama to articulate
indistinctly, stammer; to express o.s.
poorly, speak incoherently; to mumble
2
‫ جمجمة‬jumjuma pl. ‫ جماجم‬jamājim2 skull,
cranium
‫ جمجمى‬jumjumī cranial
‫ جمح‬jamaḥa a (jamḥ, ‫ جماح‬jimāḥ, ‫ جموح‬jumūḥ
to holt (horse); to he refractory, unruly,
recalcitrant; to be defiant; to be
capricious, whimsical; to run out on her
husband, run away from home (wife)
‫ جماح‬jimāḥ recalcitrance, defiance;
willfulness
‫ جموح‬jumūḥ recalcitrance, defiance;
willfulness
‫ جموح‬jamūḥ headstrong, defiant, unruly,
ungovernable
‫ جامح‬jāmiḥ headstrong, defiant, unruly;
indomitable, untamable
2
‫ جمد‬jamada u, jamuda u (jamd, ‫ جمود‬jumūd)
to freeze; to congeal, harden, stiffen, be or
become hard or solid, solidify; to
coagulate, clot (blood); to be rigid,
inflexible (in one’s thinking); to stagnate;
to be apathetic, indolent, dull, indifferent│
‫ جمدت نفسه على‬to be indifferent toward, put
up with, acquiesce in; ‫( جمدت يده‬yaduhū) to
be niggardly, tightfisted II to freeze, frost,
congeal (‫ ھـ‬s.th.); to solidify, coagulate,
harden, stiffen (‫ ھـ‬s.th.); to curdle (‫ ھـ‬s.th.);
to freeze (‫ ھـ‬assets V to freeze, become
frozen, turn into ice, freeze up. become
icebound; to freeze to death; to congeal; to
solidify; to harden, set (e.g., cement); to
coagulate, clot (blood) VII to freeze up,
become icebound; to freeze, become
frozen, turn to ice
‫ جمد‬jamd freezing; congelation,
solidification, coagulation│‫درجة الجمد‬
darajat al-j. freezing point
‫ جمد‬jamad ice
‫ جماد‬jamād pl. -āt a solid; inorganic
body; mineral; inanimate body, inanimate
being; O neuter (gram.)
‫ جمود‬jumūd frozen state; solid, compact
state, compactness, solidity; rigor, rigidity,
stiffness; inorganic state; hardening,
induration; hardness, inflexibility;
deadlock, standstill; inertia, inaction,
inactivity; lethargy, apathy, passivity,
indifference
‫ جمودة‬jumūda solidity, hardness
‫ تجميد‬tajmīd solidification, hardening;
consolidation; reinforcement (of a
foundation)│‫ تجميد االموال‬t. al-amwāl
freezing of assets
‫ تجمد‬tajammud freezing; frost;
congelation; solidification; coagulation
‫ انجماد‬injimād freezing up or over, icing
up; ice formation
‫ جامد‬jāmid hard, solid; stiff; rigid;
motionless; inanimate, inorganic; (gram.)
defective; dry. dull (book, and the like);
impervious to progress to innovation,
ossified, ultraconservative; pl. ‫جوامد‬
jawāmid2 inanimate things, inorganic
matter, minerals
‫ متجمد‬mutajammid frozen, icy; stiff,
congealed; coagulated
‫ منجمد‬munjamid frozen, icy, ice (adj.);
arctic│‫( المحيط المنجمد‬muḥīṯ) the Arctic
Ocean
2
‫جمادى‬jumādā name of the fifth and sixth
months of the Muslim year (‫ جمادى االولى‬j.
 al-ūlā Jumada I and ‫ جمادى اآلخرة‬j. al-āḳira
Jumada II)
‫ جمر‬II to roast (‫ ھـ‬meat) VIII to bum incense
‫ جمر‬jamr embers, live coal│ ‫كان على احر‬
‫( من جمر‬aḥarra) to be on tenter-hooks; to
be in greatest suspense, be dying with
curiosity
‫ جمرة‬jamra (n. un. of ‫ )جمر‬live coal;
firebrand, smoldering embers; rankling
resentment; (pl. -āt) carbuncle (med.)│O
‫ الجمرة الخبيثة‬anthrax
‫ جمار‬jummār palm pith, palm core
(edible tuber growing at the upper end of
the palm trunk)
‫ مجمرة‬mijmara pl. ‫ مجامر‬majāmir2
brazier; censer
2
‫ جمرى‬see ‫جمبرى‬
‫( جمرك‬eg.) gumruk pl. ‫ جمرك‬gamārik2 customs;
customhouse│‫ رسم الجمرك‬rasm al-g.
customs duty, tariff
‫ جمركى‬gumrukī customs, tariff (used
attributively)│ ‫( اتحاد جمركى‬ittihād)
customs union
‫ مجمرك‬mugamrak duty paid
‫ جميز‬jummaiz (coll.; n. un. ‫ )ة‬sycamore (Ficus
sycomorus; bot.)
‫ جاموس‬look up alphabetically
‫ جمش‬jamaša i u (jamš) to unhair (‫ ھـ‬s.th.) II to
make love, caress, pet
‫ جمع‬jama‘a a (jam‘) to gather (‫ ھـ‬s.th.); to
collect (‫ ھـ‬e.g., money); to unite, combine,
bring together (parts into a whole); to put
together. join (‫ ھـ‬things); to set, compose (
‫ ھـ‬type; typ.); to compile (‫ ھـ‬a book); to
summarize. sum up (‫ ھـ‬s.th.) to rally,
round up (‫ ھم‬people); to pile up, amass
accumulate (‫ ھـ‬s.th.); to assemble (‫ھم‬
several persons); to convoke, convene,
call (‫ ھـ‬a meeting); to add (‫ ھـ‬numbers),
add up (‫ ھـ‬a column); (gram.) to make
plural, pluralize (‫ ھـ‬a word); to unite, link,
bring together (‫ بين‬several things or
persons); to combine (‫ بين – و‬e.g., both
strength and courage); to contain, hold,
comprise (‫ ھـ‬s.th.)│‫جمع اطراف الشيء‬
(aṯrāfa) to summarize, sum up s.th.; to
give a survey of s.th.; ‫جمع البراعة من اطرافھا‬
(barā‘ata) to be very efficient, do an
excellent job, do superlatively good work;
‫( جمع شمل القطيع‬šamla l-q.) to round up the
herd; ‫( يجمع الكتاب بين صفحاتھا‬ṣafaḥātihā) the
book contains, lists …; ‫يجمع بيت على بيوت‬
(yujma‘u) the plural of bait is buyūt II to
pile up, amass, accumulate (‫ ھـ‬s.th.); to
rally, round up (‫ ھـ‬s.th., ‫ ھم‬s.o.); to
assemble (‫ ھـ‬the parts of a 134 machine)
III to have sexual intercourse (‫ ھا‬with a
woman) IV to agree (‫ على‬on s.th., to do
s.th.); to be agreed (‫ على‬on); to decide
unanimously (‫ على‬on), resolve (‫ على‬to do
s.th.)│‫( اجمعوا امرھم‬amrahum) they came to
terms, they made a joint decision V to
gather; to assemble, congregate; to rally,
band together, flock together (people); to
pile up; to accumulate; to gather into a
mass, agglomerate; to cluster; to coagulate
VIII to be close together; to come
together, meet, join; to unite, combine (‫ب‬
with); to assemble, meet, convene (an
organization, a committee, etc.); to be or
get together, have a meeting, interview or
conference, hold talks (‫ مع‬،‫ ب‬with s.o.),
meet (‫ مع‬،‫ ب‬s.o.; to concur (‫ على‬in), agree,
be agreed (‫ على‬on s.th.) X to gather,
collect (‫ ھـ‬s.th.; also ‫ قواه‬quwāhu one’s
strength, ‫ افكاره‬afkārahū one’s thoughts);
to summarize, sum up (‫ ھـ‬s.th.); to
possess, combine (‫ ھـ‬s.th.)
‫ جمع‬jam’ gathering; collection;
combination; connection, coupling,
joining; accumulation; (arith.) addition;
union, merger, aggregation, integration (
‫ بين‬of) holding together (‫ بين‬of divergent,
separate things); (pl. ‫ جموع‬jumū‘)
gathering, crowd, throng; gang, troop;
(gram.) plural│ ‫ جمع الشمل‬j. aš-šaml union,
integration; ‫ جمع التكسير‬the broken (=
internal) plural, ‫ الجمع السالم‬the regular (=
external) plural; ‫ اسم الجمع‬ism al-j.
collective noun (gram.); ‫ جمع اليد‬j. al-yad
fist
‫ جمع‬jum‘, ‫ جمع الكف‬j. al-kaff, ‫ جمع اليد‬j. al-
yad fist, clenched hand│ ‫ بجمع يديه‬with
clenched fists
‫ جمعة‬jum‘a pl. ‫ جمع‬juma‘, -āt week;
Friday│ ‫ يوم الجمعة‬yaum al-j. Friday; ‫جمعة‬
‫ اآلالم‬Passion Week; ‫ الجمعة العظيمة‬and ‫يوم‬
‫ الجمعة الحزينة‬Good Friday (Chr.)
‫ جمعية‬jam‘iya pl. -āt club, association,
society; corporation, organization; 135
assembly│‫ جمعية األمم‬j. al-umam League of
Nations; ‫( جمعية خيرية‬ḳairīya) charitable
organization; ‫ جمعية االسعاف‬j. al-is‘āf
approx.: civil ambulance service; ‫جمعية‬
(tašrī‘īya) legislative assembly; ‫جمعية‬
‫‘ عمومية‬umūmīya) and ‫‘( جمعية عامة‬āmma)
general assembly; general meeting;
plenum, plenary session; ‫جمعية تعاونية‬
(ta‘āwunīya) cooperative
‫ جميع‬jamī‘ (with foll. genitive) total;
whole, entire; all; entirety; e.g., ‫جميع الناس‬
all men, all mankind; ‫ الجميع‬all people,
everybody; the public at large; ‫جميعا‬
jamī‘an in a body, altogether, one and all,
all of them; entirely, wholly, totally
‫ جمع‬ajma‘2 pl. -ūn, f. ‫ جمعاء‬jam‘ā’2, pl.
‫ جمع‬juma‘2 entire, whole, all`│‫العالم االسالمى‬
‫( اجمع‬ajma‘a) the entire Islamic world; ‫الدار‬
‫( جمعاء‬jam‘ā’a) the whole house; ‫ باجمعه‬bi-
ajma‘ihī in its entirety, to its full extent,
completely, altogether; ‫ جاؤوا باجمعھم‬all of
them came
‫ جماع‬jummā‘ aggregate; total, total
amount
O ‫ جماع كھربائى‬jammā‘ kahrabā‘ī;
storage battery
‫ جماعة‬jamā‘a pl. -āt group (of people);
band, gang, party, troop; community;
squad (military unit; Eg. 1939)│ ‫جماعات‬
‫ وافرادا‬jamā‘ātin wa-afrādan in groups and
individually
‫ جماعى‬jamā‘ī collective (as opposed to
‫ فردى‬fardī individual)
‫ مجمع‬majma‘ pl. ‫ مجامع‬majāmi‘2 place
where two or more things meet, place or
point of union, junction; meeting,
congregation, convention, assembly; (also
‫ مجمع علمى‬m. ‘ilmī) academy (scientific);
college (e.g., of ecclesiastical dignitaries);
synod│‫( مجمع بلدى‬baladī) provincial synod
(Chr.); ‫( مجمع اكليركى‬iklīrīkī) clerical synod
(of the Coptic Church); ‫ اخذ بمجامع القلوب‬to
win or captivate the hearts; 135 ‫بمجامع عينيه‬
bi-m. ‘ainaihi (to look at s.o.) with
complete concentration, intently
‫ مجمعى‬majma‘ī academy member,
academician
‫ تجمي‬tajmī‘ assembly, assemblage (of
the parts of machinery)
‫ جماع‬jimā‘ sexual intercourse; s.th.
comprising or involving another thing or a
number of things│ ‫الخمر جماع االثم‬al-ḳamr
j. al-itm wine involves sin, wine
‫ اجماع‬ijmā‘ agreement, unanimity (also
‫ ;)اجماع الرأي‬unanimous resolution (‫ على‬to
do s.th.); (Isl. Law) consensus (of the
authorities in a legal question; one of the
four uṣūl of Islamic Law)│ ‫باالجماع‬
unanimously
‫ اجماعى‬ijmā‘ī based on general
agreement, unanimous; collective,
universal
‫ تجمع‬tajammu‘ pl. -āt coming together,
meeting; gathering; troop concentration;
crowd, throng, mob; agglomeration; O
agglutination (chem.-med.)
‫ اجتماع‬ijtimā‘ pl. -āt meeting (‫ ب‬with
s.o.; of a corporate body; of parliament);
get-together, gathering, assembly;
reunion; rally; convention; conjunction,
constellation (astron.); confluence (of
rivers); life in a social group, community
life, social life; ‫ االجتماع‬human society│
‫ اجتماع الطرق‬ijtimā‘ aṯ-ṯuruq crossroads,
intersection, junction; ‫‘ علم االجتماع‬ilm al-
ijt. sociology; ‫ علماء االجتماع‬sociologists
‫ اجتماعى‬ijtimā‘ī community, group (used
attributively); social; socialist(ic);
sociological│‫وزارة الشؤون االجتماعية‬
ministry for social affairs; ‫الحالة االجتماعية‬
personal status; ‫( الخدمة االجتماعية‬ḳidma)
social service, social work; ‫المساواة االجتماعية‬
(musāwāh) social equality; ‫الھيئة االجتماعية‬
(hai’a) human society
‫ اجتماعية‬ijtimā‘īya socialism
‫ جامع‬jāmi‘ comprehensive, extensive,
broad, general, universal; collector;
compiler (of a book); compositor,
typesetter; (pl. ‫ جوامع‬jawāmi‘2) mosque│
‫( مسجد جامع‬masjid) great, central mosque
where the public prayer is performed on
Fridays
‫ جامعة‬jāmi‘a pl. -āt league, union,
association; community; federation;
religious community, communion;
commonness, community of interests or
purpose; university│O ‫ جامعة الكھرباء‬j. al-
kahrabā’ storage battery, accumulator;
‫ جامعة االمم‬j. al-umam League of Nations;
 ‫( الجامعة االسالمية‬islāmīya) Pan-Islamism;
‫‘( الجامعة العربية‬arabīya) and ‫جامعة الدول‬
‫( العربية‬duwal) the Arab League; ‫جامعة شعبية‬
(ša‘bīya) university extension, adult
education courses, evening courses
‫ جامعى‬jāmi‘ī academic, collegiate,
university (adj.); university graduate
‫ مجموع‬majmū‘ collected, gathered;
totality, whole; total, sum (arith.)│ ‫الحروف‬
‫ المجموعة‬matter (typ.); ‫ مجموع اراضى القطر‬m.
arāḍī l-quṯr the total area of the country;
‫ مجموع طوله‬m. ṯūlihī its total length; ‫المجموع‬
‫‘( العصبي‬aṣabī) the nervous system
‫ مجموعة‬majmū‘a pl. -āt, ‫ مجاميع‬majāmī‘2
collection (e.g., of works of art, of stamps,
etc., also of stories); compilation, list;
group {also, e.g., of trees, of islands, etc.);
series (e.g., of articles in a newspaper; O
battery (el.); alliance, league, bloc (e.g., of
states); collective, collectivistic
organization; aggregate; complex, block
(of buildings); system; bulletin,
periodical│ ‫( المجموعة الشمسية‬šamāīya) the
solar system; ‫( مجموعة صناعية‬ṣinā‘īya)
syndicate
‫ مجمع‬mujammi‘ collector (techn.); O
storage battery, accumulator
‫ مجمع عليه‬mujma‘ ‘alaihi (that which is)
agreed upon, unanimous
‫ مجتمع‬mujtama‘ pl. -āt gathering place,
place of assembly; meeting place,
rendezvous; assembly, gathering, meeting;
society; human society; community,
commune, collective
‫ جمكية = جامكية‬look up alphabetically
1
‫ جمل‬jamala u (jaml) to sum up, summarize (‫ھـ‬
s.th.); -- jamula u (‫ جمال‬jamāl) to be
beautiful; to be handsome, pretty, comely,
graceful; to be proper, suitable,
appropriate (‫ ب‬for s.o.), befit (‫ ب‬s.o.) II to
make beautiful, beautify, embellish, adorn
(‫ ه‬،‫ ھـ‬s.o., s.th.) III to be polite, courteous,
amiable (. to 8.0.) IV to sum, total, add (‫ھـ‬
s.th.); to treat as a whole, mention
collectively (‫ ھـ‬s.th.); to sum up,
summarize (‫ ھـ‬s.th.); to act well, decently,
be nice V to make o.s. pretty, adorn o.s.
VI to be courteous, be friendly to one
another
‫ جملة‬jumla pl. ‫ جمل‬jumal totality, sum,
whole; group, troop, body; crowd;
wholesale; (gram.) sentence, clause; ‫جملة‬
jumlatan completely, wholly, on the
whole, altogether, in general, at all│ ‫جملة‬
‫ واحدة‬jumlatan wāḥidatan all at once, at
one swoop; ‫ جملة الكائنات‬everything in
existence; ‫ كان من جملة اصحابه‬he was one of
his companions, he belonged to his
companions; ‫( قال فى جملة ما قاله‬jumlati)
among other things, he said ... ; ‫وجملة القول‬
‫ ان‬wa-jumlatu l-qauli anna or ‫وجملة االمر ان‬
in short ... , to sum up …, briefly
stated ... ; ‫ على الجملة‬in short, in a word;
‫ بالجملة‬wholly, on the whole, altogether, in
general, at all; by wholesale (com.); ‫جملة‬
‫ االجرة المستحقة‬j. al-ujra al-mustaḥiqqa
gross wage; ‫ تاجر الجملة‬wholesaler,
wholesale dealer; 41.J:1 ~ sr,. al·j. whole-
sale price; ‫( جملة اسمية‬ismīya) nominal
clause; ‫( جملة فعلية‬fi‘līya) verbal clause; ‫جملة‬
‫( اخبارية‬iḳbārīya) or ‫( جملة خبرية‬ḳabarīya)
declarative sentence (or clause); ‫جملة انشائية‬
(inšā’īya) exclamatory sentence; ‫جملة حالية‬
(ḥālīya) circumstantial clause; ‫جملة‬
‫(شرطي‬šarṯīya) conditional clause; ‫جملة‬
‫( معترضة‬mu‘tariḍa) parenthetical clause
‫ حساب الجمل‬ḥisāb al-jummal (or jumal)
use of the letters of the alphabet according
to their numerical value
‫ جمال‬jamāl beauty│O ‫‘ علم الجمال‬ilm al-j.
aesthetics
‫ جميل‬jamīl beautiful, graceful, lovely,
comely, pretty, handsome; friendly act,
favor, service, good turn; courtesy│‫اعتراف‬
‫ معرفة الجميل‬،‫ بالجميل‬ma‘rifat al-j. and ‫عرفان‬
‫‘( بالجميل‬irfān) gratitude; ‫نكران‬
‫الجميل‬nukrān al-j. ingratitude; ‫ناكر الجميل‬
ungrateful; ‫( حفظ له جميال‬ḥafiẓa) to keep s.o.
in fond remembrance, remember s.o. with
gratitude
‫ اجمل‬ajmal2 more beautiful
‫ تجميل‬tajmīl beautification,
embellishment; cosmetics
‫ مجاملة‬mujāmala pl. -āt (act of) courtesy;
civility, amiability; flattery; ‫مجاملة‬
mujāmalatan amicably, in a friendly way│
‫ زيارة مجاملة‬ziyārat m. courtesy call; ‫قواعد‬
‫ المجامالت‬etiquette
 ‫ اجمال‬ijmāl summation, summing up;
summarization; ‫ اجماال‬ijmālan on the
whole, in general, generally speaking, as a
general principle│ ‫ اجماال لذلك اقول‬to sum
up, I (would) say ... ; ‫ فى اجماله‬in its
entirety, as a whole; ‫ باالجمال‬and ‫على االجمال‬
in general, on the whole, altogether; ‫بوجه‬
‫ االجمال‬bi-wajhi l-i. = ‫اجماال‬
‫ اجمالى‬ijmālī comprehensive, summary,
general, over-all, total, collective│‫تقرير‬
‫ اجمالى‬over-all report; ‫غرامة اجمالية‬
(garāma) collective penalty; ‫نظرة اجمالية‬
(naẓra) general view
‫ مجمل‬mujmil pl. -ūn wholesaler,
wholesale dealer
‫ مجمل‬mujmal summary, resume,
synopsis, compendium; general concept;
sum, total│‫ بالمجمل‬by wholesale
2
‫ جمل‬jamal pl. ‫ جمال‬jimāl, ‫ اجمال‬ajmāl camel│
‫ جمل اليھود‬j. a1-yahūd chameleon
‫ جمال‬jammāl pl. -ūn camel driver
‫ جمان‬jumān (coll.; n. un. ‫ )ة‬pearls
‫ جمھر‬jamhara to gather, collect (‫ ھـ‬،‫ ه‬s.th.,
s.o.); to assemble (‫ ه‬s.o.) II tajamhara to
gather, flock together (crowd)
‫ جمھرة‬jamhara multitude, crowd, throng;
the great mass, the populace
‫ جمھور‬jumhūr pl. ‫ جماھير‬jamāhīr2
multitude; crowd, throng; general public,
public; ‫ الجماھير‬the masses, the people
‫ جمھرى‬iumhllri republican (adj. and n.)
‫ جمھورية‬jumhūriya pl. -āt republic│
‫‘( الجمھورية العربية المتحدة‬arabīya, muttaḥida)
the United Arab Republic; ‫الجمھورية االتحادية‬
‫( االلمانية‬ittiḥādīya) the Federal Republic of
Germany; ‫الجمھورية الديموقراطية االلمانية‬
(dīmūqrāṯīya) the German Democratic
Republic
‫ تجمھر‬tajamhur gathering (of people;
crowd
‫ جن‬janna u (jann, ‫ جنون‬junūn) to cover, hide,
conceal, veil (‫ على‬،‫ ھـ‬s.th.); to descend,
fall, be or become dark (night); pass.
junna: to be or become possessed, insane,
mad, crazy│ ‫( جن جنونه‬junūnuhū) to get
madly excited, become frantic II to craze,
make crazy, drive insane, madden, enrage,
infuriate (‫ ه‬s.o.) IV to cover, veil, hide,
conceal (‫ ھـ‬s.th.); = II; V to go mad,
become crazy X to be covered, veiled,
concealed; to regard (‫ ه‬s.o.) as crazy, think
(‫ ه‬s.o.) mad
‫( جن‬coll.) jinn, demons (invisible beings,
either harmful or helpful, that interfere
with the lives of mortals)
‫ جنى‬jinnī demonic; jinni, demon
‫ جنية‬jinnīya female demon
‫ جنة‬janna pl. -at, ‫ جنان‬jinān garden;
paradise│ ‫ جنات النعيم‬paradise; ‫ساكن الجنان‬
inhabitant of paradise, deceased person,
one of blessed memory
‫ جنينة‬junaina pl. -āt, ‫ جنائن‬janā’in2 little
garden; garden
‫ جنائنى‬janā’inī gardener
‫ جنة‬jinna possession, obsession; mania,
madness, insanity
‫ جنة‬junna pl. ‫ جنن‬junan protection,
shelter, shield
‫ جنان‬janān pl. ‫ اجنان‬ajnān heart, soul
‫ جنان‬jannān gardener
‫ جنين‬janīn pl. ‫ اجنة‬ajinna, ‫ اجنون‬ajnūn
embryo, fetus; germ (in a seed, etc.)
‫ جنون‬junūn possession, obsession;
mania, madness, insanity, dementia;
foolishness, folly; frenzy, rage, fury;
ecstasy, rapture│‫ الجنون فنون‬al-j. funūn
madness has many varieties, manifests
itself in many ways
‫ جنوني‬junūnī crazy, insane, mad; frantic,
frenzied
‫ مجن‬mijann pl. ‫ مجان‬majānn2 shield
‫ مجنة‬majanna madness, insanity
‫ جان‬jānn jinn, demons
‫ مجنون‬majnūn pl. ‫ مجانين‬majānīn2
possessed, obsessed; insane, mad;
madman, maniac, lunatic; crazy, cracked;
crackpot; foolish; fool
‫ جنب‬janaba u to avert, ward off (‫ ھـ ه‬from s.o.
s.th.) II to keep away, avert, ward off (‫ھـ ه‬
from s.o. s.th.), keep s.o. (‫ )ه‬out of the way
of (‫)ھـ‬, spare (‫ ھـ ه‬s.o. s.th.) III to be or
walk by s.o.’s (‫ )ه‬side; to run alongside of
(‫)ھـ‬, run parallel to (‫)ھـ‬, skirt, flank (‫ھـ‬
s.th.); to avoid (‫ ھـ‬s.th.) V to avoid (‫ھـ‬
s.th., ‫ ه‬s.o.); to keep away (‫ ه‬،‫ ھـ‬from),
steer clear, get out of the way (‫ ه‬،‫ ھـ‬of) VI
and VIII = V; VIII to be at the side of (‫)ھـ‬,
run side by side with (‫)ھـ‬, run alongside of
(‫)ھـ‬, skirt, flank (‫ ھـ‬s.th.)
‫ جنب‬janb pl. ‫ جنوب‬junūb, ‫ اجناب‬ajnāb
side; janba (prep.) beside, next to, near,
at│‫( جنبا الى جنب‬also ‫ )جنبا لجنب‬side by side;
‫( بين جنبيه‬janbaihi) inside (it), within; ‫ما بين‬
‫( جنبيه‬baina janbaihi) what it contains,
comprises, its contents; ‫ على جنب‬aside,
apart; ‫ ذات الجنب‬pleurisy
‫ جنبة‬janba pl. janabāt side; region,
area│ ‫ فى جنباته‬in it, within, wide; ‫ضمه بين‬
‫( جنباته‬ḍammahū) to comprise, hold,
contain s.th.; ‫ جنبات الغرفة‬j. al-gurfa the
whole room; ‫ بين جنبات الغرفة‬in (the middle
of) the room; ‫ زاخر الجنبات‬crammed, chock-
full, brimful, filled to overflowing or
bursting
‫ جنبى‬janbī lateral, side (adj.)
‫ جنب‬junub in a state of major ritual
impurity; not belonging to the tribe, not a
kinsman│ ‫الجار الجنب‬the neighbor not
belonging to the family
‫ جناب‬jināb (title of respect) approx.:
Right Honorable; ‫ جنابكم‬Your Honor; you
(polite form)
‫ جنابة‬janāba major ritual impurity (Isl.
Law)
‫ جناب‬junāb (= ‫ )ذات الجنب‬pleurisy
‫ جنوب‬janūb south; ‫ جنوبا‬janūban
southward, to the south
‫ جنوب‬janūbī southern│ ‫ جنوبى افريقيا‬South
Africa
‫ جنب‬jānib pl. ‫ جوانب‬jawānib2 side; lateral
portion; sidepiece; flank; wing; face
(geom.); part, portion, partial amount;
partial view, section (‫ من‬of a scene, picture
or panorama); quantity, amount; a certain
number (‫ من‬of), a few, some│ ‫ من جانبه‬on
his part; ‫ من جانب – من جانب آخر‬on the one
hand -- on the other hand; ‫ الى جانبه‬to him,
to his address; at his (its) side, next to him
(it); ‫ بجانبه‬beside him (it), next to him (it);
‫ الى جانب‬and ‫ بجانب‬side by side with; in
addition to; apart from, aside from; ‫وضعه‬
‫ جانبا‬to put s.th. aside; ‫ ودعه جانبا‬to leave
s.th. aside, omit s.th.; ‫ فى جانب‬in
comparison with, as compared with, as
against; regarding, with regard to; ‫ما بين‬
‫ جوانبھم‬their hearts; ‫ جانبا الفم‬jānibā l-fam the
comers of the mouth; ‫ جانب من‬a
considerable, or certain, degree of; a
considerable amount of, a good deal of;
‫ جانب كبير من‬a great deal of, a large portion
of; ‫ على جانب كبير من‬he is very …; ‫كان على‬
‫( جانب عظيم من الكرم‬karam) to be very
generous; ‫على جانب عظيم من االھمية‬
(ahammīya) of great importance; ‫على اعظم‬
‫‘ جانب من الخطورة‬alā a‘ẓami jānibin min al-
kuṯūra of utmost importance, of greatest
significance; ‫ فى كل جانب‬everywhere, on all
sides; ‫( خفض له جانبه‬ḳafaḍa, jānibahū) to
show o.s. condescending, affable or
gracious to s.o.; to meet s.o. on fair terms;
‫ امن جانبه‬amina jānibahū to be safe from
s.o.; ‫( لم اعره جانب اھتمام‬u‘irhu) I paid not
the least attention to him; (‫ ھاب‬،‫خاف )رھب‬
‫( جانبه‬jānibahū) to fear s.o., be afraid of
s.o.; ‫ ملك الجانب‬milk al-j. crown lands; ‫جانب‬
‫ الميري‬j. al-mīrī (eg.) fisc, treasury; ‫لين‬
‫ الجانب‬layyin al-j. gentle; docile, tractable,
compliant; ‫ لين الجانب‬līn al-j. gentleness;
‫ رحب الجوانب‬raḥb al-j. roomy; spacious,
unconfined; ‫ رقيق الجانب‬friendly, amiable,
gentle; ‫ مرھوب الجانب‬feared, dreaded; ‫عزيز‬
‫ الجانب‬powerful, mighty, strong; ‫عزة الجانب‬
‘izzat al-j. power; ‫ مھيب الجانب‬mahīb al-j.
dreaded, respected; ‫ فى جوانب الدار‬about the
house, all over the house; often = ‫فى جوانبه‬
‫فيه‬
‫ جانبى‬jānibī lateral, side, by- (in
compounds)
‫ اجنبي‬ajnabī foreign, alien; (pl. -ūn, ‫اجانب‬
ajānib2 foreigner, alien│‫ البالد األجنبية‬the
foreign countries, the outside world; ‫فرقة‬
‫ االجانب‬firqat al-ajānib the Foreign Legion
‫ جنابية‬gannābīya pl. –āt (eg.) curb;
embankment, levee; side channel, lateral
(following a road or railroad tracks);
bypass (of a lock or sluice)
‫ تجنب‬tajannub avoidance
‫ اجتناب‬ijtināb avoidance
‫ مجنبة‬mujanniba flank, wing (of an
army
‫ جنبري‬see ‫جمبري‬
‫ جنباز‬junbāz, ‫ جمباز‬calisthenics; gymnastics;
athletics
‫ جنبازي‬junbāzī (‫ )جمبازي‬calisthenic(al),
gymnastic│ ‫ االلعاب الجمبازية‬gymnastic
exercises, physical exercises
‫ جنح‬janaḥa a (‫ جنوح‬junūḥ) to incline, be
inclined, tend (‫ ل‬or ‫ الى‬to); to lean (‫ ل‬or ‫الى‬
to or toward); to turn, go over (‫ الى‬to), join
(‫ الى‬s.th.), associate o.s. (‫ الى‬with); to
strand (‫ على‬or ‫ الى‬on a coast; ship); to
diverge, deviate, depart (‫ عن‬from); to turn
away (‫ عن‬from), break (‫ عن‬with) II to
provide (‫ ھـ‬s.th.) with wings, lend wings (
‫ ھـ‬to s.th.) IV to incline, be inclined, tend (
‫ ل‬or ‫ الى‬to); to lean (‫ ل‬or ‫ الى‬to or toward);
to turn (‫ ل‬or ‫ الى‬to s.th.); to strand (ship)
‫ جنح‬jinḥ side
‫ جنح‬junḥ, jinḥ darkness gloom│‫فى جنح‬
‫( الليل‬j. il-lail) in the dark of night, under
cover of night; ‫( بين جنحي الكرى‬junḥay il-
karā) lit.: between the two halves of
slumber, i.e., at night when everyone’s
asleep
‫ جنحة‬junḥa pl. ‫ جنح‬junaḥ misdemeanor
(jur., less than a felony, ‫جناية‬, and more
than an infraction, ‫)مخالفة‬
‫ جناح‬janāḥ pl. ‫ اجنحة‬ajniḥa, ‫ اجنح‬ajnuḥ
wing (of a bird. of an airplane, of a
building, of an army); side; flank│ ‫انا فى‬
‫ جناحه‬I am under his protection; ‫على جناح‬
‫ االثير‬over the ether, by radio; ‫على جناح‬
‫( السرعة‬j. is-sur‘a) with winged haste
‫ جناح‬junāḥ misdemeanor (jur.); sin│ ‫ال‬
‫( جناح عليه‬junāḥa) it won’t be held against
him if he ... ; it won't do any harm if he …
‫ اجنح‬ajnaḥ2 more inclined (‫ الى‬to
‫ جنوح‬janūḥ inclined (‫ الى‬s.th.)
‫ جنوح‬junūḥ inclination, leaning, bent,
tendency (‫ الى‬to)
‫ جانح‬jāniḥ side, flank, wing
‫ جانحة‬jāniḥa pl. ‫ جوانح‬jawāniḥ2 rib; pl.
also bosom, heart, soul│‫ بين جوانحي‬in my
bosom, at heart; ‫( طفرت جوانحھا‬ṭafarat) she
became happily excited, she trembled with
joy
‫ مجنح‬mujannaḥ winged
‫ جند‬II to draft, conscript, enlist, recruit (‫ ه‬s.o.;
mil.); to mobilize (‫ ھـ‬an army, ‫ على‬against)
V to be drafted, be conscripted, be
enlisted (for military service)
‫ جند‬jund m. and f., pl. ‫ جنود‬junūd, ‫اجناد‬
ajnād soldiers; army│‫ جند الخالص‬j. al-
ḳalāṣ Salvation Army
‫ جندى‬jundī pl. ‫ جنود‬junūd soldier,
private│ ‫( جندى اول‬awwal) private first
class (Ir., Syr.); ‫( جندى مستجد‬mustajidd)
recruits (Ir., Syr.); ‫ الجندي المجھول‬the
Unknown Soldier
‫ جندية‬jundīya military affairs, the army,
the military; military service
‫ تجنيد‬tajnīd draft, enlistment (mil.)
recruitment; mobilization│‫التجنيد االجباري‬
(ijbārī) military conscription
‫ تجند‬tajannud military service
‫ مجند‬mujannad recruit
‫ جندارى‬gindārī standard-bearer, comet (Eg.)
‫ جندب‬jundub pl. ‫ جنادب‬janādib2 grasshopper
1
‫ جندر‬gandara (eg.) to mangle (‫ ھـ‬laundry)
‫ جندرة‬gandara mangling (of laundry);
press; O rotary press (typ.)
2
‫ جندارى‬look up alphabetically
‫ جندرمة‬žandarma gendarmery
‫ جندرمى‬žandarmī gendarme
‫ جندفلى‬ganduflī (eg.) oysters 140
1
‫ جندل‬jandala to throw to the ground, bring
down, fell (‫ ه‬s.o.)
‫ جندل‬jandal pl. ‫ جنادل‬janādil2 stone; pl.
‫ جنادل‬cataract, waterfall (eg.)
2
‫ جندول‬gundūl (eg.) pl. ‫ جناديل‬ganādīl2 gondola
‫ جنرال‬jenərāl, ginrāl (eg.) general (military
rank)
‫ جنز‬II to say the burial prayers, conduct the
funeral service (‫ ه‬for the deceased; Chr.)
‫ جنازة‬jināza, janāza pl. -āt ‫ جنائز‬janā’iz2
bier; funeral procession
‫ جناز‬junnāz pl. ‫ جنانيز‬janānīz2 requiem,
funeral rites, obsequies; funeral
procession
‫ جنزبيل‬janzabīl (= ‫ )زنجبيل‬ginger
1
‫ جنزير‬janzara (= ‫ )زنجر‬to be or become
covered with verdigris
‫ جنزار‬jinzār (=‫ )زنجار‬verdigris
2
‫ جنزير‬jinzīr (= ‫ )زنجير‬pl. ‫ جنازير‬janāzīr2 chain;
track (of a caterpillar, of a tank, etc.); a
linear measure (= 5 qaṣaba = 17.75 m;
also = 20 m; Eg.)│‫ طارة جنزير‬ṭārat j. track
sprocket, sprocket wheel
‫ مجنزر‬mujanzar track-laying (vehicle)
‫ جنس‬II to make alike, make similar (‫ ھـ‬s.th.); to
assimilate, naturalize (‫ ه‬s.o.); to class,
classify, sort, categorize (‫ ھـ‬s.th.) III to be
akin, be related, similar (‫ ه‬،‫ ھـ‬to), be of the
same kind or nature (‫ ه‬as s.o., ‫ ھـ‬as s.th.),
be like s.o. or s.th. (‫ ه‬،‫ )ھـ‬resemble (‫ ه‬s.o.,
‫ ھـ‬s.th.) V to have o.s. naturalized, acquire
the citizenship (‫ ;)ب‬to be naturalized VI to
be akin, related, of the same kind or
nature, homogeneous
‫ جنس‬jins pl. ‫ اجناس‬ajnās kind, sort,
variety, species, class, genus; category;
sex (male, female); gender (gram.); race;
nation│ ‫اسم الجنس‬ism al-j. (gram.) generic
noun, collective noun of nonpersonal
things (which form a n. un. in ‫ة(؛ الجنس‬
‫( البشري‬bašarī) the human race; ‫ابناء جنسنا‬
abnā’ jinsinā our fellow tribesmen; ‫ھو‬
‫ مصري الجنس‬he is Egyptian by nationality; ‫ا‬
‫ لجنس اللطيف‬the fair sex; ‫ الجنس الخشن‬the
strong sex
‫ جنسي‬jinsī generic; sexual; racial
‫ الجنسي‬lā-jinsī asexual, sexless
‫ جنسية‬jinsīya pl. -āt nationality,
citizenship
‫ تجنيس‬tajnīs naturalization; paronomasia
(rhet.)
‫ جناس‬jinās (rhet.) assonance, pun,
paronomasia
‫ مجانسة‬mujānasa relatedness, kinship,
affinity; similarity, likeness, resemblance
‫ تجنس‬tajannus acquisition of citizenship,
naturalization
‫تجانس‬tajānūs homogeneity,
homogeneousness; likeness, similarity,
resemblance
‫ مجانس‬mujānis similar, like, related;
homogeneous
‫ متجنس‬mutajannis naturalized
‫ متجانس‬mutajānis akin, related, of the
same kind or nature, homogeneous
‫( جنطيانا‬Lat. Gentiana) gentian (eg.)
1
‫جنف‬VI to deviate (‫ عن‬from); to incline, be
inclined (‫ الى‬or ‫ ل‬to s.th.)
2
‫ جنيف‬look up alphabetically
‫ جنفاص‬junfāṣ, ‫ جنفيص‬junfaiṣ sackcloth, sacking
‫ جنك‬junk pl. ‫ جنوك‬junūk harp
‫ جنوا‬janowā Genoa (seaport in NW Italy)
‫ جنى‬janā i (jany) to pick, gather, harvest, reap (
‫ ھـ‬s.th., also the fruits of one’s work); to
pocket, rake in, collect (‫ ھـ‬s.th.); to derive
(‫ ھـ‬profit, ‫ من‬from); to secure, realize (‫ھـ‬
profits, an advantage); to incur (‫ ھـ‬evil,
harm, punishment); to cause, 141 provoke,
bring about (‫ ھـ‬s.th.); -- (‫ جناية‬jināya) to
commit a crime, an outrage (‫ على‬on); to
offend, sin (‫ على‬against); to commit,
perpetrate (‫ ذنبا‬،‫ جناية‬danban a crime, an
offense; ‫على‬, less frequently ‫الى‬, on or
against); to inflict (‫ ھـ‬some evil, ‫ على‬on
s.o.); to harm (‫ على‬s.o., s.th.) V to
incriminate, accuse, charge with a crime (
‫ على‬s.o.), lay the blame (‫ على‬on s.o.),
blame (‫ على‬s.o.); to act meanly VIII to
gather, harvest (‫ ھـ‬s.th.)
‫ جنى‬jany harvest; reaping (fig.); -- janan
(coll.) fruits
‫ جناية‬jināya pl. -āt perpetration of a
crime; felony (jur.; in the strictly legal
sense, more than a misdemeanor, ‫جنحة‬,
and an infraction, ‫)مخالفة‬, capital offense │
‫ محكمة الجنايات‬maḥkamat al-j. criminal
court
‫ جنائي‬jinā’ī criminal│ law ‫محكمة جنائية‬
(maḥkama) criminal court; ‫القانون الجنائي‬
criminal law, penal law
‫ مجنى‬majnan pl. ‫ مجان‬majānin that which
is picked or harvested, a crop; source of
profit or advantage
‫ تجن‬tajannin incrimination, accusation (
‫ على‬of s.o.); mean way of acting, low,
underhand dealings
‫ جان‬jānin pl. ‫ جناة‬junāh perpetrator (of a
delict); delinquent, criminal
 ‫ مجنى عليه‬majnīy ‘alaih, harmed, injured;
aggrieved party; victim of a crime
‫( جنيف‬Fr. Geneve) žənēf Geneva
‫( جنيه‬Engl. guinea) ginēh, also gunaih pl. –āt
pound (eg.)│‫ )جنيه انجليزي )استرليني‬pound
sterling, English pound; ‫جنيه مصري‬
Egyptian pound (abbreviation: ‫)ج م‬
‫ جھة‬see ‫وجه‬
‫ جھبذ‬jahbad pl. ‫ جھابذة‬jahābida man endowed
with a critical mind; great scholar; bright,
brilliant, intelligent
‫ جھد‬jahada a (jahd) to endeavor, strive, labor,
take pains, put o.s. out; to over-work,
overtax, fatigue, exhaust (‫ ه‬s.o.) III to
endeavor, strive; to fight (‫ فى سبيل الشيء‬for
s.th.); t.o wage holy war against the
infidels IV to strain, exert (‫ ھـ‬s.th.); to tire,
wear out, fatigue (‫ ه‬s.o.), give trouble (‫ه‬
to)│‫( اجھد نفسه فى‬nafsahū) to go to great
lengths, go out of one’s way (‫ في‬for or in
s.th.); ‫( اجھد فكره فى‬fikrahū) to concentrate
on, put one's mind to, apply o.s. t.o VIII to
put o.s. out (‫ فى‬for s.th.), work hard; (Isl.
Law) to formulate an independent
judgment in a legal or theological question
(based on the application of the 4 uṣūl; as
opposed to taqlid, q.v.)
‫ جھد‬jahd pl. ‫ جھود‬juḥūd strain; exertion;
endeavor, attempt, effort; trouble, pains (
‫ فى‬on behalf or for the sake of s.th.); O
voltage, tension (el.)│‫ جھد جھده‬jahada
jahdahū, also ‫ عمل )حاول( جھده‬to do (try)
one’s utmost, do (try) all in one’s power,
make every conceivable effort; ‫بجھد جھيد‬
bi-jahdin jahīdin with great difficulty, by
dint of atrenuous efforts; ‫ بعد جھد جھيد‬after
a lot of trouble O ‫‘( جھد عال‬ālin) high
tension (el.)
‫ جھد‬juhd strain, exertion; juhda (used
prepositionally) to the limit of ... │‫جھد‬
‫ الطاقة‬juhda ṭ-ṭāqa as far as possible, as
much as possible; ‫ جھد طاقته‬j. ṭāqatihī as
much as he can, to the limit of his
abilities; ‫ جھد امكانه‬juhda imkānihī do.; ‫جھد‬
‫ ما‬juhda mā as much as. to the limits of
what ... ; ‫ جھدي‬juhdī as far as I can
‫ جھيد‬jahīd see ‫ جھد‬jahd
‫ جھاد‬jihād fight, battle; jihad, holy war
(against the infidels, as a religious duty)
‫ جھادي‬jihādī fighting, military
‫ مجاھدة‬mujāhada fight, battle
‫ اجھاد‬ijhād exertion; overexertion,
overstrain(ing) 142
‫ اجتھاد‬ijtihād effort, exertion, endeavor,
pains, trouble; application, industry,
diligence; (Isl. Law) independent
judgment in a legal or theological
queetion, based on the interpretation and
application of the 4 uṣūl, as opposed to
taqlīd, q.v.; individual judgment
‫ مجھود‬majhūd pl. -āt endeavor, effort,
exertion, pains, trouble, work; O voltage,
tension (el.)│‫ بذل مجھوداته‬to make every
effort, go to greatest lengths
‫ مجاھد‬mujāhid pl. -ūn fighter, freedom
fighter; warrior; sergeant (Eg. 1939)
‫ مجھد‬mujhid strenuous, exacting, trying,
grueling; -- mujhad overworked,
exhausted
‫ مجتھد‬mujtahid diligent, industrious; (pl.
-ūn) mujtahid, a legist formulating
independcnt decisions in legal or
theological matters, based on the
interpretation and application of the four
uṣūl, as oppoeed to muqallid, q.v.
‫ جھر‬jahara a (jahr, ‫ جھار‬jihār) to be brought to
light, come out, show, appear; -- to
declare publicly, announce (‫ ھـ‬or ‫ ب‬s.th.);
to avow in public, proclaim (‫ ب‬s.th.); to
raise (‫ ھـ‬the voice); -- jahura u (‫جھارة‬
jahāra) to be loud, be clearly audible
(voice) III to declare or say openly, voice,
utter, express frankly (‫ ب‬s.th.)
‫ جھر‬jahr and ‫ جھار‬jihār publicness,
publicity, notoriety; ‫ جھرا‬jahran and ‫جھارا‬
jihāran publicly, in public
‫ جھرة‬jahratan openly, overtly, frankly,
publicly
‫ جھري‬jahrī notorious, well-known,
public
‫ جھير‬jahīr loud (voice, shout)
‫ اجھر‬ajhar2 day-blind
‫ اجھر‬ajhar2 (elative) louder, more
audible
‫ جمھري‬jahwarī loud (voice)
 ‫ مجھر‬mijhar loud-voiced
‫ مجھر‬mijhar pl. ‫ مجاھر‬majāhir2
microsoope
‫ مجھرى‬mijharī microscopic(al)
‫ مجھار‬mijhār loud-voiced; O
loudspeaker
‫ مجاھرة‬mujāhara franknees, candor (of
one’s words)
‫ جھز‬jahaza a to finish off (‫ على‬a
wounded man), deliver the coup de grace
to (‫ )على‬II to make ready, prepare (‫ ھـ‬s.th.);
to arrange (‫ ھـ‬s.th.); to provide, supply (‫ھـ‬
s.th.); to equip, fit out, furnish, supply,
provide (‫ ب ه‬or ‫ ھـ‬s.th. or s.o. with) IV to
finish off (‫ على‬a wounded man), deliver
the coup de grace to (‫ ;)على‬to finish, ruin (
‫ على‬s.o.) V to he equipped, furnished,
supplied, provided; to equip o.s.; to
prepare o.s., get ready; to be ready, be
prepared
‫ جھاز‬jahāz (alas pronounced jihāz) pl.
-āt, ‫ اجھزة‬ajhiza equipment, appliances,
outfit, gear, rig; trousseau; contrivance,
gadget; implement, appliance, utensil;
installation, apparatus (techn.); system,
apparatus (anat.) │ ‫( جھاز السلكي‬lā-silkī)
wirelees set, radio; ‫ جھاز راديو‬radio
(receiving set); O ‫( جھاز مستقبل‬mustaqbil),
O ‫جھاز االستقبال‬, O ‫ جھاز االلتقاط‬receiver,
receiving set (radio); ‫( جھاز مذيع‬muḍī‘), O
‫ جھاز االرسال‬j. al-irsāl transmitter (radio);
‫ جھاز تليفزيوني‬television set; ‫ جھاز الحفر‬j.
al-ḥafr drilling rig; oil derrick; ‫جھاز دوري‬
(daurī) circulatory system (anat.); ‫جھاز‬
‫ لتسجيل االھتزازات االرضية‬or ‫جھاز قياس الھزات‬
‫( االرضية‬hazzāt, arḍīya)seismograph; ‫جھاز‬
‫( سري‬sirrī) secret organization,
underground organization; ‫جھاز االستماع‬
sound locator; ‫‘( الجھاز العصبي‬aṣabī) the
nervous system; ‫ جھاز الھضم‬j. al-haḍm
digestive apparatus
‫ تجھيز‬tajhīz equipment, furnishment;
preparation; pl. ‫ تجھيزات‬equipment, gear
144
‫ تجھيزي‬tajhīzī preparatory; (of a school)
preparing for college
‫ جاھز‬jāhiz ready, prepared; readymade;
equipped │ ‫ جاھزة )ملبوسات‬or) ‫( البسة‬albisa)
ready-made clothes
‫ مجھز‬mujahhaz equipped, provided,
furnished, supplied (‫ ب‬with); armed (‫ب‬
with guns; of a ship, tank, etc.)
‫ جھش‬IV to sob, break into sobs│ ‫اجھش بالبكاء‬
(bukā’) to be on the verge of tears,
struggle with tears; to break into tears
‫ جھشة‬jahša (n. vic.) pl. -āt sob; outburst
of tears
‫ اجھاش‬ijhāš outburst of tears
‫ جھض‬IV to bear young ones, litter; to have a
miscarriage (woman)│ ‫اجھضت نفسھا‬
(nafsahā) she induced an abortion
‫ جھض‬jihḍ miscarried fetus
‫ جھيض‬jahīḍ miscarried fetus
‫ اجھاض‬ijhāḍ miscarriage, abortion;
induced abortion
‫ جھل‬jahila a (jahl, ‫ جھالة‬jahāla) to be ignorant;
not to know (‫ ب‬or ‫ ھـ‬s.th., how to do s.th.);
to be irrational, foolish; to behave
foolishly (‫ على‬toward) VI to ignore (‫ھـ‬
s.th.); to refuse to have anything to do (‫ھـ‬
with), shut one’s eyes (‫ ھـ‬to), disregard (‫ھـ‬
a fact); to affect ignorance, pretend to
know nothing X to consider ignorant or
stupid (‫ ه‬s.o.)
‫ جھل‬jahl and ‫ جھالة‬jahāla ignorance;
folly, foolishness, stupidity│ ‫ عن جھل‬out
of ignorance
‫ جھول‬jahūl ignorant; foolish, stupid
‫ مجھل‬majhal pl. ‫ مجاھل‬majāhil2
unknown region, unexplored territory │
‫ مجاھل افريقيا‬unknown Africa
‫ تجھيل‬tajhīl stultification
‫ تجاھل‬tajāhul ignoring, disregard(ing)
‫ جاھل‬jāhil pl. ‫ جھلة‬jahala, ‫ جھل‬juhhal,
‫ جھال‬juhhāl, ‫ جھالء‬juhalā’ not knowing (‫ب‬
s.th., how to do s.th.); ignorant,
uneducated, illiterate; foolish; fool
‫ جاھلى‬jāhilī pagan, of or pertaining to
pre-Islamic times
‫ جاھلية‬jāhilīya state of ignorance; pre-
Islamic paganism, pre-Islamic times
‫ مجھول‬majhūl unknown; anonymous
(also ‫ مجھول االسم‬m. al-ism); pl. ‫مجاھيل‬
majāhīl2 unknown things│ ‫صيغة المجھول‬
ṣīgat al-m. passive (gram.)
 ‫ مجھولية‬majhūlīya being unknown,
unknown nature
‫ جھم‬jahuma u (‫ جھامة‬jahāma, ‫ جھومة‬juhūma) to
frown, glower V to frown, scowl, glower;
to regard with displeasure (,‫ ھـ ه‬or ‫ ل‬s.o. or
s.th.), frown (‫ ھـ‬or ‫ ل‬on); to eye gloomily,
coolly, grimiy (‫ ه‬،‫ ھـ‬or ‫ ل‬s.o., s.th.); to
become sullen, gloomy (face)
‫ جھم‬jahm sullen, glum, morose, gloomy
(face)
‫ جھام‬jahām clouds
‫ جھامة‬jahāma and ‫ جھومة‬juhūma grim
look, sullen expression; gloominoss;
brooding silence
‫ جھنم‬jahannam2 (f.) hell
‫ جھنمي‬jahannamī hellish, infernal
‫ جو‬jaww pl. ‫ اجواء‬ajwā’, ‫ جواء‬jiwā’ (pl.
frequently with singnlar meaning) air;
atmosphere (also fig.); sky; weather;
sphere, milieu, environment; ‫ جوا‬jawwan
by air; by telegraph, telegraphically│‫بريد‬
‫ الجو‬air mail; ‫ طبقات الجو‬ṭabaqāt al-j. air
layers; ‫( فى جو ممطر‬mumṭir) in rainy
weather
‫ جوى‬jawwī air, aerial, aero- (in
compounds); airy, atmospheric(al);
weather (used attributively),
meteorologic(al)│‫( الضغط الجوي‬ḍagṯ)
atmospheric pressure; ‫( طبقات جوية‬ṭabaqāt)
air layers; ‫( اسطول جوي‬usṭūl) air fleet; ‫غارة‬
‫ جوية‬air raid; ‫( القوات الجوية‬quwāt) air force;
‫ المالحة الجوية‬aviation; ‫( ميناء جوية‬mīnā’)
airport; ‫ ارصاد جوية‬meteorological
observations; ‫( حجر جوي‬ḥajar) meteorite
‫( جوا‬colloq.) jawwā (pronounced gūwa
in Eg.) in it, within; inside
‫ جوانى‬jawwānī, juwwānī inner, inside,
interior
‫ جوافة‬guwāfa (eg.) guava (fruit); guavshrub
‫( جوال‬eg.) guwāl pl. -āt sack
‫( جوانتي‬It. guanti; eg.) gloves
1
‫( جوب‬Fr. jupe) skirt
2
(‫ جوب( جاب‬jāba u (jaub) to travel, wander (‫ھـ‬
through), traverse, roam, tour, explore (‫ھـ‬
s.th., e.g., foreign lands); to pierce,
penetrate (‫ ھـ‬s.th.), cut through (‫ ;)ھـ‬to
wander, cruise (‫ ھـ‬about a place) III to
answer (‫ ه‬s.‫ على‬،.‫ خ‬s.th.), reply, respond (‫ه‬
to s.o., ‫ على‬to s.th.); to comply (‫ ھـ‬with),
accede (‫ ھـ‬to) IV to answer (‫ ه‬or ‫ الى‬s.o.,
‫ عن‬or ‫ على‬a question), reply, respond (‫ ه‬or
‫ الى‬to s.o., ‫ على‬to s.th.); to comply (‫ ھـ‬with
a request), accede, defer (‫ ھـ‬to); to hear (‫ه‬
s.o.), accede to the request or wishes of (
‫ ;)ه‬to fulfill, grant (‫ ھـ‬a wish); to consent,
assent, agree (‫ الى‬to); to concur (‫ الى‬in)│
‫ اجاب الى طلبه‬ṯalabihi) to comply with s.o.’s
request VI to reply to one another; to echo
(‫ ب‬،‫ ھـ‬from); to ring out (voices); to be
(mutually) corresponding, harmonize; to
be favorahle, propitious (‫ مع‬to s.o.;
situation) VIl to scatter, break up, pass
over (clauds); to be dispelled, disappear,
vanish (worries); to fade (darkness) X
‫ استجاب‬to hear, answer (‫ ھـ‬a prayer), grant (
‫ ھـ‬a request); to comply with the request of
(‫)ل‬, accede or defer to the wiohes of (‫;)ل‬
to react (‫ ل‬to); to respond (‫ ل‬to, ‫ ب‬with),
listen, pay attention (‫ ل‬to), show interest (
‫ ل‬in); to meet, answer (‫ ب ل‬s.o. with),
reply (‫ ب ل‬to s.o. with or hy doing s.th.);
to resound, reverberate, re-echo; to
resonate (‫ ل‬or ‫ الى‬to s.th.), be in resonance
with (phys.); -- ‫ استجوب‬istajwaba to
interrogate, examine, question (‫ ه‬s.o.); to
hear (‫ ه‬the defendant or witn...); to
interpellate (‫ ه‬s.o.; in parliament)
‫ جوب‬jaub travening, touring, exploration
(of foreign countries); piercing,
penetration
‫ جوبة‬jauba pl. -āt, ‫ جوب‬juwab opening,
gap; hole, pit
‫ جواب‬jawāb pl. ‫ اجوبة‬ajwiba answer,
reply; octave (to a given tone; mus.); (eg.;
pronounced gawāb pl. -āt) letter,
message│‫ جواب الشرط‬j. aš-šarṭ, main
clause (conclusion) of a conditional
sentence, apodosis
‫ جوابى‬jawābī answering (used
attributively)
‫ جواب‬jawwāb traverser (of foreign
countries), traveler, explorer
‫ اجابة‬ijāba answer(ing), reply(ing),
response, respondence; compliance;
fulfillment, granting (of a request);
accession, consent, assent│‫اجابة لطلبكم‬
ijābatan li-ṭalabikum, in compliance with
your request; in answer to your request
 ‫ تجاوب‬tajāwub agreement, conformity;
harmony
‫ استجابة‬istijāba hearing, answering (of a
prayer); granting, fulfillment (of a
request); resonance; consonance (phys.)│ ‫ا‬
‫ ستجابة ل‬istijābatan li in compliance with,
in answer to, in deference to
‫ استجواب‬istijwāb pl. -āt interrogation,
questioning; hearing; interview;
interpellation (in parliament)
‫ متجاوب‬mutajāwib harmonious
‫ مستجيب‬mustajīb hearing, answering,
granting; reverberant, resonant,
resonating; responsive, susceptible,
impressible 145
‫( جوت‬Engl.) jūt jute
‫ )جاح )جوح‬jāḥa u and IV to annihilate, destroy,
ruin; to flood, inundate (‫ ھـ‬the land) VIII
do.; to carry away, sweep away (‫ ه‬s.o.,
s.th.; storm); to put down, subdue, quell (
‫ ھـ‬s.th., e.g., a riot)
‫ اجاحة‬destruction, annihilation; crop
damage; crop failure, bad harvest
‫ اجتياح‬ijtiyāḥ destruction, annihilation;
subdual, suppression
‫ جائح‬jā’iḥ crushing, devastating;
disastrous
‫ جائحة‬jā’iḥa pl. ‫ جوائح‬jawā’iḥ2 calamity,
disaster, ruin; epldemic; crop damage
‫ جوخ‬jūḳ pl. ‫ اجواخ‬ajwāḳ broadcloth
‫ )جاد )جود‬jāda u (‫ جودة‬jūda) to be or become
good, become better, improve; -- (jūd) to
grant generously (‫ ب‬s.th.), be so generous
as to do s.th. (‫ ب‬with verbal noun); to be
liberal, openhanded (‫ ب‬with s.th., ‫على‬
toward s.o.), bestow liberally (‫ ب‬s.th., ‫على‬
upon s.o.), grant, give lavishly (‫ ب‬of s.th.,
‫ على‬to s.o.), shower (‫ ب على‬s.o. with); to
donate (‫ ب‬a sum of money, etc.) │‫جاد بنفسه‬
to sacrifice o.s.; to give up the ghost; ‫جادت‬
‫‘( عيناه بالدمع‬aināhu bi-d-dam‘) tears
welled from his eyes; ‫( جادت السماء‬heavens
granted rain) it rained II to do well (‫ھـ‬
s.th.); to make better, improve, better,
ameliorate (‫ ھـ‬s.th.); to recite (the Koran;
cf. ‫ )تجويد‬IV to do well, do excellently (‫ھـ‬
s.th.); to master (‫ ھـ‬s.th.), be skilled,
proficient (‫ ھـ‬in), be an expert (‫ ھـ‬at), be
conversant (‫ ھـ‬with an art or field of
knowledge); to accomplish or say good,
excellent thing; to achieve excellent
results; to be excellent, outstanding,
distinguish o.s. (e.g., as a poet) │‫اجاد لغة‬
(lugatan) to master language; ‫اجاد العزف‬
‫‘( على البيانو‬azfa) to play the piano well X
to think (‫ ھـ‬s.th.) good or excellent,
approve of (‫ ;)ھـ‬to consider (‫ ھـ‬s.th.)
suitable for or appropriate to (‫)ل‬
‫ جود‬jūd openhandedness, liberality,
generosity
‫ جود‬jaud heavy rains
‫ جادة‬see under 2 ‫جد‬
‫ جودة‬jūda goodness, excellence
‫ جيد‬jayyid pl. ‫ جياد‬jiyād good, perfect,
faultless; outstanding, excellent, first-rate;
good (as an examination grade); ‫جيدا‬
jayyidan well, excellently; thoroughly │
‫( جيد جدا‬jidda) very good (also as an
examination grade)
‫ اجود‬ajwad2 better ,
‫ جواد‬jawād pl. ‫ اجواد‬ajwād, ‫ اجاود‬ajāwid2,
‫ اجاويد‬ajawīd2, ‫ جود‬jūd openhanded, liberal,
generous, magnanimous; jawād pl. ‫جياد‬
jiyād, ‫ اجياد‬ajyād, ‫ اجاويد‬ajāwīd2 race horse,
racer; charger │ ‫ابن االجواد‬noble man
‫ تجويد‬tajwīd art of reciting the Koran,
Koran reading (in accordance with
established rule, of pronunciation and
intonation)
‫ مجيد‬mujīd adept, efficient, proficient
‫ جودار‬jaudār see ‫( جاودار‬alphabetically)
‫ )جار )جور‬jāra u (jaur) to deviate, stray (‫عن‬
from); to commit an outrage (‫ على‬on), bear
down (‫ على‬upon), wrong, persecute,
oppress, tyrannize (‫ على‬s.o.); to encroach,
make inroads (‫ على‬on another’s territory)
III to be the neighbor of s.o. (‫)ه‬, live next
door to (‫ ;)ه‬to be adjacent, be next (‫ ھـ‬to
s.th.), adjoin (‫ ھـ‬s.th.); to be in the
immediate vicinity of (‫)ه ھـ‬, be close to (،‫ه‬
‫ ;)ھـ‬to border (‫ ھـ‬on) IV to grant asylum or
a sanctuary (‫ ه‬to s.o.); to protect (‫ ه‬s.o., ‫من‬
from), take (‫ ه‬s.o.) under one’s wing; to
stand by s.o. (‫)ه‬, aid (‫ ه‬s.o.) VI to be
neighbors; to be adjacent; to have a
common border X to seek protection, seek
 refuge (‫ ب‬with s.o., ‫ من‬from s.th.), appeal
for aid (‫ ه‬to s.o., ‫ من‬against s.th.) 146
‫ جور‬jaur injustice; oppression, tyranny;
outrage
‫ جار‬jār pl. ‫ جيران‬jīrān neighbor; refugee;
protégé, charge
‫ جارة‬jāra pl. -āt neighboress
‫ جيرة‬jīra neighborhood
‫ جورة‬jūra pl. ‫ جور‬juwar pit, hole
‫ جورى‬see alphabetically
‫ جوار‬jiwār neighborhood, proximity;
‫ بجوار‬in the neighborhood of, in the
vicinity of, near, close to
‫ مجاورة‬mujāwara neighborhood,
proximity
‫ جائر‬jā’ir pl. ‫ جورة‬jawara, ‫ جارة‬jāra
unjust. unfair; tyrannical, despotic; tyrant,
oppressor, despot
‫ مجاور‬mujāwir neighboring, adjacent;
near, close by; (pl. -ūn) student (esp. of Al
Azhar University; living in the vicinity of
the Mosque)
‫ ئمجير‬mujīr protector
‫ متجاور‬mutajāwir having a common
border; adjoining, adjacent, contiguous
‫ جورب‬jaurab pl. ‫ جوارب‬jawārib2 stocking; sock
‫ جورجيا‬jorjiyā Georgia (republic of the
U.S.S.R.)
1
‫ جوري‬jūrī damask rose (Rosa damascena,
bot.); crimson
2
‫( جوري‬Engl.) jūrī jury
1
(‫ جوز( جاز‬jāza u (‫ جواز‬jawāz, ‫ مجاز‬majāz) to
pass, come, travel (‫ ھـ‬through); to pass (‫ھـ‬
an examination, a test); to be allowed,
permitted, permissible; to be possible,
conceivable; to work, succeed (‫ عليه‬with
s.o.; deceit, artifice) │‫( جازت عليه الحيلة‬ḥīla)
the trick worked with him, he fell for the
trick II to permit, allow (‫ ھـ‬s.th.); to
approve (‫ ھـ‬of), sanction, warrant,
authorize (‫ ھـ‬s.th.) III to pass (‫ ھـ‬s.th. or by
s.th.), go or walk past s.th. (‫ ;)ھـ‬to go
beyond s.th. (‫)ھـ‬, overstep, cross, leave
behind (‫ ھـ‬s.th.), also, e.g., ‫جاوز الثالثين من‬
‫‘( العمر‬umr) he is past thirty; to exceed,
surpass (‫ ھـ‬s.th.); to pass over s.th. (‫)عن‬,
disregard (‫ عن‬s.th.), pay no attention (‫عن‬
to); to let (‫ عن‬s.th.) go unpunished; to give
up, forgo, relinquish (‫ عن‬s.th.) IV to
traverse, cross (‫ ھـ‬s.th., ‫ الى‬on the way to);
to permit, allow (‫ ھـ ل‬to s.o. s.th.); to
authorize (‫ ھـ ل‬s.o. to do s.th., also ‫ ;)ھـ ه‬to
license (‫ ھـ‬s.th.); to approve, confirm,
endorse (‫ ھـ‬a decision, a judgment); to
approve (‫ ھـ‬of s.th.), sanction (‫ ھـ‬s.th.) V to
tolerate, suffer, bear VI to pass (‫ ھـ‬s.th. or
by s.th.), go or walk past s.th. (‫ ;)ھـ‬to go
beyond s.th. (‫)ھـ‬, overstep, cross, leave
behind (‫ ھـ‬s.th.); to exceed, surpass (‫ھـ‬
s.th., also ‫ ;)على‬to go too far, overstep all
bounds, encroach, make inroads; to pass
over s.th. (‫)عن‬, disregard (‫ عن‬s.th.) pay no
attention (‫ عن‬to); to give up, forgo,
re1inquish (A s.th.); to refrain from) VIII
to pass, run, go (‫ ھـ‬through), cut across (
‫ ;)ھـ‬to cross (‫ ھـ‬a border, a street, a
mountain range); to traverse (‫ ھـ‬a country
or sea); to cover (‫ ھـ‬a distance); to pass (‫ھـ‬
through the mind; said of ideas, thoughts);
to go (‫ ھـ‬through hard times or a crisis); to
surmount, overcome (‫ ھـ‬a crisis) X to
deem permissible (‫ ھـ‬s.th.); to ask
permission
‫ جوز‬jauz pl. ‫ اجواز‬ajwāz heart, center (of
a desert, of a large area, etc.) │ ‫فى‬
‫اجواز‬amid, in the middle of, in; ‫فى اجواز‬
‫( الفضاء‬faḍā’) in space
‫ جواز‬jawāz permissibility, admissibility;
lawfulness, legality; permission, (official)
permit, license, authorization; possibility,
conceivability; passing (of an
examination) │ ‫ جواز السفر‬j. as-safar (pl.
-āt) (traveling) passport 147
‫ مجاز‬majāz crossing; passage; corridor
(pol.-georgr.); metaphor, figurative
expression (rhet.) │‫ مجازا‬majāzanl, ‫على‬
‫ سبيل المجاز‬figuratively, metaphorically
‫ مجازى‬majāzī figurative, metaphorical
‫ اجازة‬ijāza pl. -āt permission,
authorization; approval; license; = Fr.
licence as an academic degree; permit;
vacation, leave (of absence) │ ‫اجازة الحصر‬
i. al-ḥaṣr grant of patent, issue of letters
patent; patent; ‫( اجازة قنصلية‬qunṣulīya)
exequatur of a consul (dipl.); ‫اجازة مرضية‬
(maraḍīya) sick leave; ‫االجازات المدرسية‬
 (madrasīya) school vacation; ‫غائب باالجازة‬
on leave, on vacation
‫ مجاوزة‬mujāwaza and ‫ تجاوز‬tajāwuz
crossing; exceeding; overdraft,
overdrawing (of an account); disregard (
‫ عن‬for); relinquishment (‫ عن‬of s.th.)
‫ اجتياز‬ijtiyāz traversing, crossing;
passage; transit; covering (of a distance);
passing (of an examination); surmounting
(of difficulties)
‫ جائز‬jā’iz permitted, lawful, legal;
conceivable, thinkable
‫ جائزة‬jā’iza pl. ‫ جوائز‬jawā’iz2 prize,
reward, premium │‫( جائزة دراسية‬dirāsīya)
stipend, scholarship
‫ مجاز‬mujāz licensed; licentiate (as an
academic title, = Fr. licencié; e.g., ‫مجاز فى‬
‫ العلوم‬licencié ès sciences)
2
‫ جوز □ = زوج‬II to give in marriage
□ ‫ جوز‬jauz pl. ‫ اجواز‬ajwāz = ‫ زوج‬couple
□ ‫( مجوز‬syr.; pronounced məžwez, 
‫ مزوج‬muzwaj) wind instrument with a
double pipe, corresponding to the
Egyptian zummāra)
3
‫ الجوزاء‬al-jauzā’ Gemini (astron.)
4
‫ جوز‬jauz (coll.; n. un. ‫ ة‬pl. -āt) walnut │‫جوز‬
‫ الطيب‬j. aṭ-ṭīb nutmeg; ‫ جوز القيء‬j. al-qai’
nux vomioa; ‫ جوز الھند‬j. al-hind, ‫جوز ھندي‬
(hindī) coconut; ‫ جوز القز‬j. alqazz cocoon,
chrysalis of the silkworm
‫ جوزة‬gōza (eg.) narghile
‫ جوزي‬jauzī nut (used attributively and in
compounds); nut-brown, hazel
5
‫ جاز‬look up alphabetically
‫ جوزل‬jauzal pl. ‫ جوازل‬jawāzil2 young pigeon
1
(‫ جوس( جاس‬jāsa u to peer around, pry around,
look around (‫ خالل‬kilāla in); to search,
investigate, explore (‫ ھـ‬s.th.) VIII to
search, investigate, explore (‫ ھـ‬s.th.)
‫ جوسق‬jausaq pl. ‫ جواسق‬jawāsiq2 palace; manor,
villa
‫ جويطة‬gawīṭa pl. ‫ جوائط‬gawā’iṭ2 (eg.) dowel,
peg
‫ )جاع )جوع‬jā‘a u to be hungry; to starve II to
cause (‫ ه‬s.o.) to starve, starve out, famish (
‫ ه‬s.o.) IV do.
‫ جوع‬jū‘ hunger, starvation │‫ مات جوعا‬to
starve to death
‫ جوعان‬jau‘ān2, f. ‫ جوعى‬jau‘ā’, pl. ‫جياع‬
jiyā‘ hungry, starved, famished
‫ مجاعة‬majā‘a pl. -āt famine
‫ جائع‬jā’i‘ pl. ‫ جياع‬jiyā‘,‫ جوع‬juwwa‘
hungry, starved, famished
‫ تجويع‬tajwī‘ starving out
‫ اجاعة‬ijā‘a starving out
‫ جوف‬II to make hollow, hollow out (‫ ھـ‬s.th.)
‫ جوف‬jauf pl. ‫ اجواف‬ajwāf hollow, cavity;
depression; interior, inside, center, heart;
belly, abdomen; north (magr.) │‫في جوف‬
inside, in the interior of, in the middle of;
‫( في جوف الليل‬j. il-lail) or ‫( جوف الليل‬jaufa) in
the middle of the night
‫ جوفي‬jaufī inner, interior, inside;
subterranean, underground, subsurface (of
geological strata); northern (magr.) │ ‫مياه‬
‫جوفية‬ground water 148
1
‫ اجوف‬ajwaf2, f. ‫ جوفاء‬jaufā’, pl. ‫ جوف‬jūf
hollow; empty; vain, futile, inane,
pointless, senseless
‫ تجويف‬tajwīf pl. ‫ تجاواف‬tajāwīf2, hollow,
cavity
‫ مجوف‬mujawwaf hollowed out, hollow
‫ جوق‬jauq pl. ‫ اجواق‬ajwāq and ‫ جوقة‬jauqa
pl. -āt troop, group; theatrical troupe,
operatic company; choir (mus.); orchestra,
band (also ‫ جوقة موسيقية( │ مدير الجوق‬mudīr
al-j. conductor, bandleader, choir leader;
‫ جوقة الشرف‬j. aš-šaraf Legion of Honor
‫ )جال )جول‬jāla u (jaul, ‫ جولة‬jaula, ‫ تجوال‬tajwāl,
‫ جوالن‬jawalān) to roam, rove, wander
about; to move freely, be at home (‫ في‬in a
field of learning), occupy o.s. (‫ في‬with); to
be circulated, go the rounds; to pass (‫ ب‬،‫في‬
through the mind)│‫ جال برأسه‬to preoccupy
s.o., engross s.o.’s attention; ‫ما يجول في‬
‫ )خاطره )بخاطره‬what he is preoccupied with,
what is on his mind; ‫جال الدمع في عينيه‬
(dam‘, ‘ainaihi) his eyes swam in tears;
‫( جالت يده في‬yaduhū) he laid his hands on,
he committed defalcations of IV to
circulate, pass around (‫ ھـ‬s.th.) │‫اجال الرأي‬
(ra’ya) to weigh s.th. thoroughly, ponder
s.th.; ‫( اجال النظر‬naẓara) to let one’s eyes
wander about; to look around V to roam,
rove, wander about, move around; to
patrol, go the rounds; to cruise; to tour,
travel from place to place, travel about
‫ جولة‬jaula pl. -āt circuit, round; patrol;
excursion, outing; tour; (round) trip;
voyage, run (of a steamer); (round-trip)
flight (of an airplane); round (in sports)
‫ جوال‬jawwāl wandering, migrant,
itinerant, roving; cruising; traveling;
ambulant; traveler, tourist; see also
alphabetically │ ‫رام جوال‬rāmin jawwāl pl.
‫ رماة جوالة‬rumāh jawwāla rifleman (mil.;
Syr.)
‫ جوالة‬jawwāla one given to roaming or
traveling; wanderer, wayfarer; O
motorcycle; cruiser
‫ تجوال‬tajwāl migration, wandering,
roving, traveling; nomadic life, nomadism
‫ جوالن‬jawalān migration, wandering,
roving, traveling; nomadic life, nomadism
│ ‫ جوالن اليد‬j. al-yad embezzlement,
defalcation
‫ مجال‬majāl pl. -āt room, space (‫ ل‬for
s.th.); field, domain, sphere; scope, extent;
reach; range; elbowroom, free scope; play,
clearance; field (magn.)│‫ما ترك مجاال للشك‬
(šakk) to admit of no doubt; ‫ال مجال للطعن‬
‫( فيه‬majālan, ṭa‘n) (it is) incontestable; ‫في‬
‫ ھذا المجال‬in this connection; ‫ودع المجال امامه‬
‫( فسيحا‬amāmahū) to give s.o. a free hand,
wide scope of action; ‫( مجال حيوي‬ḥayawī)
lebensraum; ‫ مجال العمل‬m. al-‘amal field of
activity; ‫( مجال مغنطيسي‬magnaṭīsī)
magnetic field; ‫ شدة المجال‬šiddat al-m. field
intensity (magn.)
‫ تجول‬tajawwul roaming, roving,
wandering, migration; going out, moving
about; patrol, round; (round) trip, tour;
traveling │ ‫ منع التجول‬man‘ at-t. curfew
‫ بائع جاول‬bā’i‘ jāwil pl. ‫باعة جائلون‬
peddler, hawker
‫ متجول‬mutajawwil wandering, migrant,
roaming, roving, itinerant; ambulant;
traveling; traveler │‫ وكيل متجول‬traveling
salesman; ‫( بياع متجول‬bayyā‘) peddler,
hawker; ‫( قسيس متجول‬qissīs) itinerant
preacher
2
‫ جوال‬look up alphabetically
‫ جولف‬golf golf (eg.)
‫ جام‬look up alphabetically
‫ جون‬jūn pl ‫ اجوان‬ajwān gulf, inlet, bay
‫ جونيلة‬،‫ جونال‬،‫( جونلة‬It. gonnella)gonella pl. -āt
(woman’s) skirt (eg.) 149
‫ جاه‬look up alphabetically
‫ جوھر‬II tajauhara to become substance
‫ جوھر‬jauhar pl. ‫ جواھر‬jawāhir2 intrinsic,
essential nature, essence; content,
substance (as opposed to form; philos.);
matter, substance; atom; jewel, gem; pl.
jewelry │‫( الزيف والجوھر‬zaif) the spurious
and the genuine
‫ جوھرة‬jauhara jewel, gem
‫ جوھري‬jauharī substantial; intrinsic,
essential, inherent; fundamental, main,
chief, principal; material; jeweler
‫ جوھرجي‬jauharjī jeweler
‫ مجوھرات‬mugauharāt (eg.) jewelry,
trinkets; jewels, gems
1
‫ جوى‬jawiya a (jawan) to be passionately
stirred by love or grief
‫ جوى‬jawan ardent love, passion
2
‫ جاوى‬look up alphabetically
‫ جويدار = جاودار‬look up alphabetically
‫ )جاء )جيء‬jā’a ‫ يجيء‬yajī’u (‫ مجيء‬majī’) to come
(‫ ھـ‬،‫ ه‬to); to get (‫ ھـ‬to), reach (‫ ھـ‬a place);
to arrive; to bring (‫ ب‬s.th.; ‫ ب ه‬to s.o.
s.th.); to bring forth, produce (‫ ب‬s.th.); to
set forth (‫ ب‬s.th.); to do, perform; to
commit, perpetrate (‫ ھـ‬s.th.); to occur, be
mentioned, be said (‫ فى‬in an article,
document or book); (with foll. Imperf.) to
be about or set out to do s.th. │‫جاء فى جريدة‬
‫ األھرام ان‬the newspaper “Al Ahram”
reports that ... ; ‫ جاء من باريس ان‬a report
from Paris says that ... ; ‫جاءت نتائجه مطابقة ل‬
(muṭābiqatan) its results coincided with ...
‫ جيئة‬jī’a, jai’a coming, arrival │‫جيئة‬
‫( وذھاب‬dahāb) coming and going, ‫ذھب جيئة‬
‫ وذھابا‬to pace the floor, walk up and down
‫ مجيء‬majī’ coming, arrival, advent
 ‫ الجائيات‬al-jā’iyāt the things to come
1
‫ جيب‬jaib pl. ‫ جيوب‬juyūb breast, bosom, heart;
sine (math.); hole, hollow, cavity,
excavation; pocket; purse │ ‫الجيب‬
‫(الخاص‬ḳaṣṣ) the privy purse; ‫تمام الجيب‬
tamām al-j., ‫ جيب التمام‬cosine (math.); ‫ساعة‬
‫ الجيب‬pocket watch; ‫ مصروف الجيب‬pocket
money; ‫( الجيوب االنفية‬anfīya) the nasal
sinuses (anat.); ‫ جيوب المقاومة‬j. al-
muqāwama pockets of resistance (mil.)
‫ جيبي‬jaibī pocket (adj.)
2
‫ جيب‬jīp, ‫ جيب‬jīb and ‫ سيارة جيب‬sayyārat j. jeep
‫( چيت‬ir.) čīt a colorful cotton fabric, chintz
1
‫ جيد‬jīd pl. ‫ اجياد‬ajyād, ‫ جيود‬juyūd neck
2
‫ جيد‬jayyid see ‫جود‬
3
‫ اجياد‬،‫ جياد‬see ‫جواد‬jawād
1
‫ جير‬jairi surely, truly, verily
2
‫ جير‬jīr lime
‫ جير‬jīrī calcareous, lime (adj.)
‫ جيار‬jayyār unslaked lime
‫ جيارة‬jayyāra limekiln
3
‫ جير‬II to endorse (fin.)
‫( جيرو‬It. giro) endorsement (fin.)
4
‫ جيران‬،‫ جيرة‬see ‫جور‬
‫ جيزة‬gīza Giza (city in N Egypt); a brand of
Egyptian cotton
‫ )جاش )جيش‬jāša i (‫ جيشان‬jayašān) to be excited,
be agitated; to rage, storm; to boil, simmer
II to levy troops, mobilize an army X to
raise, mobilize (‫ ھـ‬an army, also, e.g.,
‫ انصارا‬anṣāran followers)
‫ جيش‬jaiš pl. ‫ جيوش‬army, troops, armed
forces │ ‫ جيش االحتالل‬occupation forces;
‫ جيش احتياطي‬army reserve; ‫جيش مرابط‬
(murābiṭ) territorial army; ‫ االنقاذ جيش‬j. al-
inqād Salvation Army; ‫ جيش المساء‬al-
masā’ dusk, evening twilight 150
‫ جياش‬jayyāš agitated, impassioned;
excited, boiling up; ebullient; pleasurably
excited, happily stimulated
‫ جيشان‬jayašān excitement, agitation;
raging
‫ )جاف )جيف‬jāfa i, II and V to be putrid, stink
(decaying cadaver)
‫ جيفة‬jīfa pl. ‫ جيف‬jiyaf, ‫ اجياف‬ajyāf corpse,
cadaver
‫ چيكى‬čīkī Czech
‫ جيل‬jīl pl. ‫ اجيال‬ajyāl people, nation, tribe;
generation; century; epoch, era
‫( جيالتي‬It. gelati) jēlātī ice cream
‫ جيم‬jīm name of the letter ‫ج‬
‫( جين‬Fr. gaine) corselet, sheath corset (eg.)
‫ جيوغرافيا‬jiyogrāfiyā geography │ ‫الجيوغرافيا‬
‫( البشرية‬bašarīya) anthropogeography
‫ جيوفيزيا‬jiyofīziyā geophysics
‫ جيوفيزيائي‬jiyofīziyā’ī geophysical │ ‫السنة‬
‫( الجيوفيزيائية‬sana) the geophysical year
‫ جيوفيزيقي‬jiyofīzīqī geophysical
‫ جيولوجيا‬jiyolōjiyā geology
‫ جيولوجي‬jiyolōjī geologic(al)
‫ح‬
‫ حاء‬ḥā’ name of the letter ‫ح‬
‫ حاخام‬ḥāḳām rabbi│‫ الحاخام االكبر‬the chief rabbi
‫ حؤول‬see ‫حول‬
‫ حامى‬ḥāmī Hamitic
‫ حان‬and ‫ حانة‬see ‫حين‬
‫( حانبة‬pronounced ḥamba) pl. ‫ حوانب‬ḥawānib2
(formerly Tun.) hamba, palace gendarme
of the Bey of Tunis
‫ حانوت‬see ‫حنو‬
1
‫ حب‬ḥabba i (ḥubb) to love, like II to evoke (
‫ الى‬in s.o.) love or a liking (‫ ھـ‬،‫ ه‬for s.th. or
s.o.), make (‫ الى‬s.o.) love or like (‫ ھـ‬،‫ ه‬s.th.
or s.o.); to endear (‫ الى ھـ‬s.th. to s.o.), make
(‫ ھـ‬s.th.) dear, lovable, attractive (‫ الى‬for
s.o.), make (‫ ھـ‬s.th.) palatable, acceptable (
‫ الى‬to s.o.); to urge (‫ الى ھـ‬s.th. on s.o.),
suggest (‫ الى‬s.th. to s.o.) IV (‫ حب‬ḥubb, ‫محبة‬
maḥabba) to love, like (‫ ه‬،‫ ھـ‬s.o., s.th.); to
wish, want, or like, to do s.th. (‫ان(│احب ان‬
uḥibbu an I should like to ... ; ‫ احب له ان‬to
like about s.o. that he ... ; ‫ال يحب الخير له‬
(ḳaira) he doesn’t want him to be happy,
he grudges him everything V to show
love, reveal one’s affections (‫ الى‬to s.o.);
to endear o. s. (‫ الى‬to s.o.), make o.s.
popular, ingratiate o.s. (‫ الى‬with s.o.); to
court, woo (‫ الى‬a woman) VI to love one
another X to like (‫ ھـ‬s.th.); to deem (‫ھـ‬
s.th.) desirable, recommendable; to prefer
(‫ على ھـ‬s.th. to s.th. else)
‫ حب‬ḥubb love; affection, attachment │
‫ حب الذات‬ḥ. ad-dāt self-love, amour-propre;
‫ حب االستطالع‬curiosity, inquisitiveness; ‫حب‬
‫ الوطن‬ḥ. al-waṭan patriotism; ‫حبا ل‬
(ḥubban) out of love or affection for, out
of friendship for; ‫ حبا في‬in the desire to …
‫ حبي‬ḥubbī friendly, amicable, loving; ‫حبيا‬
ḥubbīyan in an amicable manner,
amicably; by fair means (jur.)
‫ حب‬ḥibb pl. ‫ احباب‬aḥbāb darling, dear,
dearest (one)
‫ حباب‬ḥabāb aim, goal, end 151
‫ حبيب‬ḥabīb pl. ‫ احباء‬aḥibbā’2, ‫ احبة‬aḥibba,
‫ احباب‬beloved, sweetheart, lover; darling;
dear one, friend; dear (‫ الى‬to s.o.); popular;
‫ االحباب‬the beloved ones, the dear ones
‫ حبيبة‬labība pl. ‫ حبائب‬ḥabā’ib2
sweet·heart, darling, beloved woman
‫ احب‬aḥabb2 dearer, more desirable,
preferable (‫ الى‬to s.o.)
‫ حبذا‬ḥabbadā (with foll. Nominative)
how nice, how lovely is ... ! how good,
excellent, perfect is …! │ ‫ حبذا لو‬how nice
it would be if …; ‫ حبذا الحال لو فعل‬h. l-ḥālu
lau fa‘ala it would be nice, or he would do
well, if he did it; ‫( يا حبذا الحال‬ḥālu) that’s
just wonderful!
‫ محبة‬maḥabba love; affection,
attachment │‫ محبة الوطن‬m. al-waṭan
patriotism
‫ تحبب‬taḥabbub courtship, wooing
‫ تحابب‬taḥābub mutual love, concord,
harmony
‫ محبوب‬maḥbūb beloved; dear; lovable,
desirable; popular; favorite; beloved one,
lover; (pl. ‫ محابيب‬maḥābīb2) gold piece,
sequin (in Ottoman times; eg.)
‫ محبوبة‬maḥbūba sweetheart, darling,
beloved woman
‫ محبب‬muḥabbab agreeable, pleasant,
desirable, lovable, dear (‫ الى‬to s.o.); nice,
likable
‫ محب‬muḥibb pl. -ūn loving; lover;
fancier, amateur, fan; friend │‫محب الناس‬
philanthropic(al), affable; ‫ محبنا العزيز‬our
dear friend; ‫ محبو اآلثار‬friends of archeology;
‫( محب لذاته‬li-datihī) egoist
‫ متحاب‬mutaḥābb loving one another,
concordant
‫ مستحب‬mustaḥabb (re)commendable,
desirable (said of acts whose neglect is not
punished by God, but whose performance
is rewarded; Isl. Law); well-liked, popular
2
‫ حب‬II to produce seed, go to seed (plant); to
bear seed (grain); to granulate, become
granulated; to granulate (‫ ھـ‬s.th.) IV to
produce seed
‫ حب‬ḥabb (coll.; n. un. ‫ )ة‬grains; seed; --
pl. ‫ حبوب‬ḥubūb grain, cereals, corn;
seed(s); grains, kernels; granules; pellets;
pills, pastilles; berries; acne, pustules,
pimples│‫ حب العزيز‬chufa (Cyperus
esculentus L.; bot.); ‫ حب الفقد‬ḥ. al-faqad
chaste tree (Vitex agous castus L.; bot.);
croton seeds (seeds of Croton tiglium;
bot.); (magr.) cherries; ‫ حب الھال‬ḥ. al-hāl
and (‫ حبھان( حب الھان‬ḥ. al-hān cardamom
(Amomum cardamomum L.; bot.); ‫حب‬
‫ الغمام‬ḥ. al-gamām hail, hail-stones
‫ حبة‬ḥabba (n. un.; see also ‫ حب‬ḥabb) pl.
-āt grain, granule; seed; kernel; pill,
pastille; berry; pustule, pimple; triviality,
trille; a square measure (Eg.; = 58.345
m2); pl. ‫ حبات‬beads (of the rosary)│‫حبة‬
‫ شعير‬ḥ. ša‘īr a linear measure (Eg.; =
0.205 cm); ‫( حبة حلوة‬ḥulwa) aniseed; ‫حبة‬
‫( سوداء‬saudā’) black caraway (Nigella
sativa L.; bot.); ‫ حبات الرمال‬grains of sand;
‫ حبة العين‬ḥ. al-‘ain eyeball; pupil (of the
eye); ‫ حبة القلب‬ḥ. al-qalb dearest one,
beloved, darling
‫ حبب‬ḥabab blister
‫ حبيبة‬ḥubaiba pl. -āt little grain, small
kernel; small pimple or pustule
‫ حبيبي‬ḥubaibī granular, granulated│ ‫الرمد‬
‫( الحبيبي‬ramad) trachoma (med.)
‫ حبحب‬ḥabḥab (coll.) watermelon (hij.)
‫ حباحب‬ḥubāḥib firefly, glowworm
‫ حبذ‬II to approve, think wall (‫ ھـ‬of s.th.),
commend (‫ ھـ‬s.th.); to applaud, acclaim,
cheer (‫ ه‬s.o., ‫ ھـ‬s.th.)
‫ حبذا‬see 1 ‫حب‬
‫ تحييذ‬taḥyīd approval; acclamation,
acclaim, applause, cheering 152
‫ حبر‬ḥabara u (ḥabr) to gladden, make happy,
delight (‫ ه‬s.o.); -- ḥabira a (‫ حبور‬ḥubūr) to
be glad, happy II to embellish, refine,
make workmanlike (‫ ھـ‬s.th.); to compose (
‫ ھـ‬s.th.) in elegant style; to write, compose
(‫ ھـ‬s.th.)
‫ حبر‬ḥibr ink│‫ ام الحبر‬umm al-ḥibr squid,
cuttlefish; ‫( حبر على ورق‬waraq) mere ink
on paper, of no effect (e.g., an agreement,
a treaty)
‫ حبر‬ḥabr, ḥibr pl. ‫ احبار‬aḥbār a non-
Muslim religious authority, 1earned man,
scribe; hishop; rabbi│‫ الحبر االعظم‬the Pope;
‫ سفر االحبار‬sifr al-a. Leviticus (Old Test.)
‫ حبري‬ḥabrī pontifical │‫قداس حبري‬
(quddās) pontifical mass (Chr.)
‫ حبرية‬ḥabrīya office or dignity of a
bishop, bishopric, pontificate
‫ حبرة‬ḥabara, ḥibara pl. -āt silken shawl
or wrap (worn in public by ladies)
‫ حبار‬ḥabār, ḥibār pl. -āt mark, trace
(esp. of blows), welt, wale
‫حبور‬ḥubūr joy
‫ حباري‬ḥubārā pl. ‫ حباريات‬ḥubārayāt
bustard (zool.)
‫ يحبور‬yaḥbūr bustard chick (zool.)
‫ محبر‬miḥbara, maḥbara pl. ‫محابر‬
maḥābir2 inkwell
‫ حبس‬ḥabasa i (ḥabs) to obstruct, shut off,
confine (‫ ه‬،‫ ھـ‬s.o., s.th.), block, bar, hold
back, check (‫ ھـ‬s.th. ‫ عن‬from; also tears,
laughter, etc.); to withhold (‫ ھـ عن‬from s.o.
s.th.); to hold in custody, detain (‫ ه‬s.o.) to
apprehend, arrest, jail, imprison (‫ ه‬s.o.); to
keep, keep back, put aside, put away (‫على‬
‫ ھـ‬s.th. for); to tie up, invent inalienably (‫ھـ‬
capital) │‫ حبس نفسه على‬to devote o.s.
entirely to ... ; ‫( حبس يده عن‬yadahū) to take
(s.th.) out from under s.o.’s power; ‫حبس‬
‫( عليه انفاسه‬anfāsahū) to make s.o. catch his
breath, take s.o.’s breath away; ‫حبس مع‬
‫ الشغل‬ḥubisa ma‘a š-šugl he was
committed to prison under hard labor II to
tie up inalienably (‫ ھـ‬funds, ‫ على‬for, esp.
for a pious purpose), make a religious
bequest (‫ھـ‬, for the benefit of ‫ )على‬VII to
be held back, be held up, stop, be
interrupted, intermit; to restrain o.s., hold
back VIII to block, obstruct, bar, confine (
‫ ه‬،‫ ھـ‬s.o., s.th.); to detain, hold in custody (
‫ ه‬،‫ ھـ‬s.o., s.th.); to hold back, retain,
suppress (‫ ه‬،‫ ھـ‬s.o., s.th.); to be detained,
held up; to be impeded, held back; to
falter, break, fail (voice), stop (breath)
‫ حبس‬ḥabs (act of) holding or keeping
back, obstruction, check, repression;
blocking off, barring, confinement;
damming up, staving off; safekeeping,
custody, retention; imprisonment, arrest,
detention, jailing; (pl. ‫ حبوس‬ḥubūs) prison,
jail │‫( حبس احتياطي‬iḥtiyāṭī) detention
(pending investigation); ‫حبس انفرادي‬
(infirādī) solitary confinement; ‫حبس شديد‬
penal servitude
‫ حبس‬ḥibs pl. ‫ احباس‬dam, weir, barrage
‫ حبس‬ḥubs, ḥubūs pl. ‫ احباس‬aḥbās (Tun.,
Alg. Mor. = waqf) inalienable property the
yield of which is devoted to pious
purposes, religious bequest, (Fr. jur.)
“habous”│‫‘( حبس عام‬āmm) public habous,
‫( حبس خاص‬ḳaṣṣ) private habous; ‫كان حبسا‬
‫ )على ) = كان وقفا على‬to be entirely
dependent on …
‫ حبسة‬ḥubsa speech defect, impediment
of speech
‫ حبيس‬ḥabīs blocked-off, shut-off,
barred, confined, locked-up; secluded;
bated (breath); choking (voice); (pl. ‫حبساء‬
ḥubasā’2) hermit
‫ محبس‬maḥbas, maḥbis pl. ‫محابس‬
maḥābis2 place where s.th. is confined or
locked up; jail, prison; (prison) cell 153
‫ محبس‬miḥbas device for shutting off or
blocking off
‫ محبسة‬maḥbasa hermitage
‫ انحباس‬inḥibās seclusion, confinement;
stoppage, interruption; cessation
‫ احتباس‬iḥtibās retention, restraint;
inhibition, impediment, obstruction,
 stoppage │‫ احتباس البول‬iḥtibās al-baul
suppression of urine, ischuria
‫ محبوس‬maḥbūs shut-off (from the
outside world), isolated, secluded,
confined, locked-up; imprisoned, captive;
tied-up (funds); (pl. ‫ محابس‬maḥābis2)
prisoner, prison inmate, convict
‫ محبس‬muḥabbis donor of a habous (see
‫ حبس‬ḥubs)
‫ المحبس عليه‬al-muḥabbas ‘alaihi
beneficiary of a habous (see ‫ حبس‬ḥubs)
‫ منحبس‬munhabis secluded, shut-off
‫ الحبش‬al-ḥabaš Abyssinia, Ethiopia; (pl. ‫االحباش‬
al-aḥbāš) the Abyssinians, Ethiopians
‫ الحبشة‬al-ḥabaša (and ‫)بالد الحبش‬
Abyssinia, Ethiopia
‫ الحبشي‬ḥabašī pl. ‫ احباش‬aḥbāš
Abyssinian, Ethiopian
‫ حبط‬ḥabaṭa i (‫( حبوط‬ḥubūṭ) and ḥabiṭa a to
come to nothing, fail, miscarry, go wrong;
to be futile, be of no avail, be lost IV to
frustrate, thwart, foil, defeat (‫ ھـ‬s.th., ‫على ھـ‬
in s.th. s.o.; negotiations, efforts, an
attempt, etc.)
‫ حبط‬ḥabaṭ scar of a wound, wale, welt
‫ حبوط‬ḥubūṭ futility, failure
‫ احباط‬aḥbāṭ frustration, thwarting, foiling
‫ حبق‬ḥabaq basil (bot.); (eg.) a variety of
speedwell (Veronica anagallis aquatica L.)
‫ حبك‬ḥabaka i u (ḥabk) to weave well and tight
(‫ ھـ‬s.th.); to braid, plait (‫ ھـ‬s.th.); to twist,
twine, tighten (‫ ھـ‬s.th.); to knit (‫ ھـ‬s.th.); to
devise, contrive (‫ ھـ‬a plan, a plot) II to
twist, twine, tighten (‫ ھـ‬s.th.) to fasten (‫ھـ‬
s.th.)
‫ حبكة‬ḥabka fabric, tissue; texture,
structure
‫ حبك‬ḥubuk: p. ‫ حبك النجوم‬ḥ. an-nujūm the
orbits of the celestial bodies
‫ حباكة‬ḥibāka weavers trade, weaving
‫ محبوك‬maḥbūk tightly woven; tight, taut;
sturdy, strong, robust, husky
‫ محتبك‬muḥtabik interwoven, intersecting
1 ‫ حباء‬ḥibā’ gift, present
‫ حبل‬VIII to ensnare, catch in a snare (‫ ه‬، ‫ھـ‬
s.o., s.th.)
‫ حبل‬ḥabl pl. ‫ حبال‬ḥibāl, ‫ احبل‬aḥbul, ‫حبول‬
ḥubūl, ‫ احبال‬aḥbāl rope, cable, hawser;
cord, string, thread; (pl. ‫ حبال‬ḥibāl) beam,
ray (e.g., of the sun, of light), jet (e.g., of
water); vein; sinew, tendon │‫حبل الوريد‬
jugular vein; ‫( الحبل السري‬surrī) umbilical
cord; ‫( الحبل الشوكي‬šaukī) spine; ‫حبال صوتية‬
(ṣautīya) vocal cords; ‫ حبل المساكين‬ivy
(bot.); ‫ حبال الماء‬jets of water; (‫القى )اطلق‬
‫ الحبل على الغارب‬alqā (aṭlaqa) l-ḥabla ‘alā
l-gārib to let things go, slacken the reins,
give a free hand, impose no restraint;
‫ ارتخاء الحبل‬slackening of the reins,
yielding; relenting; ‫ اضطرب حبله‬iḍṭraba
ḥabluhū to get into a state of disorder, of
disorganization, of disintegration, get out
of control; ‫( تعب على الحبلين‬la‘iba, ḥablain)
to play a double game, work both side, of
the street
‫ احبولة‬uḥbūla pl. ‫ احابيل‬aḥābīl2 snare, net;
rope with a noose; pl. ‫ احابيل‬tricks, wiles,
artifices, stratagems (in order to get s.th.)
‫ حبالة‬ḥibāla pl. ‫ حبائل‬ḥabā’il2 snare, net
‫ حابل‬ḥābil: ‫( اختلط الحابل بالنابل‬iḳtalaṭa)
everything became confused, got into a
state of utter confusion; ‫ حابل ونابلھم‬all
together, all in a medley 154
2
‫ حبل‬ḥlabila a (ḥabal) to be or become
pregnant, conceive and IV to make
pregnant ( ‫ھا‬a woman)
‫ حبل‬ḥabal conception; pregnancy
‫ حبلى‬ḥublā pl. ‫ حبالى‬ḥabālā and ‫حبالنة‬
ḥablāna pregnant
‫ حبن‬ḥabana dropsy
‫ حبھان )حبب الھان‬ḥabb al-hān) cardamom
(Amomum cardamomum L.; bot.)
‫ )حبا )حبو‬ḥabā u (ḥabw) to crawl, creep: to
present (‫ ھـ ه‬s.o. with s.th.), give, award (‫ھـ‬
‫ ه‬to s.o. s.th.) III to be obliging (‫ ه‬to s.o.),
show one’s good will (‫ ه‬toward s.o.); to
favor (‫ ه‬s.o.); to side (‫ ه‬with s.o.), be
partial (‫ ه‬to s.o.); to show respect,
deference (‫ ه‬to s.o.) VIII to sit with one’s
legs drawn up and wrapped in one's
garment
‫ حبوة‬ḥibwa, ḥubwa, ḥabwa gift, present
 ‫ محاباة‬muḥābāh obligingness
complaisance, courtesy; favor(ing),
favoritism, partiality
‫ حت‬ḥatta u (ḥatt) to rub off, scrape off, scratch
off (‫ ھـ‬s.th.)
‫ حتة‬ḥitta pl. ḥitat (eg.) piece, bit, morsel
‫ حتى‬ḥattā (prep.) until, till, up to, as far
as; (conj.; with perf.) until, so that; (with
subj.) until, that, so that, in order that; --
(particle) even, eventually even; and even;
‫ حتى لو‬even if; (with preceding negation)
not even, and be it only…
‫ حتات‬ḥutāt scraps; morsels, crumbs
‫ تحات‬taḥāt corrosion
‫ حتد‬ḥatida a (ḥatad) to be of pure origin
‫ محتد‬maḥtid descent, origin, lineage
‫ حترة‬ḥutra small piece, bit, trifle
‫ حتار‬ḥitār pl. ‫ حتر‬ḥutur border, edge,
fringe, surroundings, vicinity
‫ حتف‬ḥatf pl. ‫ حتوف‬ḥutūf death │‫يبحث عن )يسعى‬
‫ الى( حتفه بظلفه‬yabḥatu ‘an (yas‘ā ilā)
ḥatfihī bi-ẓilfihī he brings about his own
destruction, digs his own grave; ‫مات حتف‬
‫ انفه‬māta ḥatfa anfihī he died a natural
death
‫ حتم‬ḥatama i (ḥatm) to decree, make necessary,
prescribe (‫ على ھـ‬s.th. for s.o.), make (‫ھـ‬
s.th.) a duty, a necessity (‫ على‬for s.o.); to
impose, enjoin (‫ على ھـ‬s.th. upon s.o.); to
decide, determine definitely (‫ ب‬s.th.) II to
decree, make necessary, prescribe (‫على ھـ‬
s.th. for s.o.), make (‫ ھـ‬s.th.) a duty, a
necessity (‫ على‬for s.o.) V to be necessary;
to be s.o.’s (‫ )على‬duty, be incumbent (‫على‬
upon s.o.)
‫ حتم‬ḥatm pl. ‫ حتوم‬ḥutūm imposition,
injunction; final decision, resolution,
determination; ‫ حتما‬ḥatman decidedly,
definitely, neceaoarily, inevitably
‫ حتمي‬ḥatmī decided, definite, final,
conclusive, definitive, unalterable,
irrevocable, inevitable
‫ حتمية‬ḥatmīya decidedness, definiteness,
definitiveness, determinateness,
unalterableness; necessity
‫ ال حتمية‬lā-ḥatmīya indeterminism
(philos.)
‫ محتوم‬maḥtūm imposed, enjoined,
obligatory; determined, definitive,
determinate, unalterable, ineviroble;
destined, predestined, ordained (fate)
‫ محتم‬muḥattam imposed, enjoined,
obligatory; determined, definitive,
determinate, unalterable, inevitable;
destined, predeotined, ordained (fate)
‫ متحتم‬mutaḥattim absolutely necessary;
imperative (duty)
‫ حتى‬see ‫حت‬
1
‫ حث‬ḥatta u (ḥatt) to urge, incite, prompt,
goad, spur on, egg on, prod, provoke, 155
impel (‫ ه‬s.o., ‫ على‬to do s.th.) │‫حث خطاه‬
(ḳuṭāhū) to quicken one’s pace, hurry (‫الى‬
to a place); ‫( حث الطريق‬ṭarīqa) to hurry,
hasten; ‫( حث قدميه‬qadamaihi) to quicken
one’s pace, break into a run VIII and X = I
‫ حثيث‬ḥatīt quick, rapid, quick
‫ حاثة‬ḥātta hormone
2
‫ حثي‬ḥittī Hittite (n. and adj.)
‫ حثالة‬ḥutāla dregs, lees, sediment; scum (fig.);
offal, discard, scraps │ ‫ حثالة الحرير‬silk
combings
‫ )حثا )حثو‬ḥatā u (ḥatw) to strew, scatter, spread,
disperse (‫ ھـ‬s.th.)
‫ حج‬ḥajja u to overcome, defeat (‫ ه‬s.o., with
arguments, with evidence), confute (‫ ه‬s.o.); to
convince (‫ ه‬s.o.); -- (ḥajj) to make the
pilgrimage (to Mecca), perform the hadj III to
dispute, debate, argue, reason (‫ ه‬with s.o.) VI
to argue against each other, carry on a dispute,
to debate; to take counsel VIII to advance (‫ب‬
s.th.) as an argument, plea, excuse, or pretext;
to allege in support or vindication, plead (‫ب‬
s.th.); to vindicate, justify (‫ ل‬s.th.); to protect,
remonstrate (‫ على‬against), object, raise
objections (‫ على‬to)
‫ حج‬ḥajj and ‫ حجة‬ḥijja pl. -āt, ‫ حجج‬ḥijaj
pilgrimage; hadj, the official Muslim
pilgrimage to Mecca │‫ ذو الحجة‬dū l-ḥijja
Zu’lhijjah, the last month of the Islamic
calendar
‫ حجة‬ḥujja pl. ‫ حجج‬ḥūjaj argument;
pretense, pretext, plea; proof, evidence;
document, writ, deed, record; authority │
‫ بحجة ان‬under the pretense that …, on the
plea … on the pretext of …
 ‫ حجاج‬ḥajāj pl. ‫ احجة‬aḥijja circumorbital
ring (anat.)
‫ محج‬maḥajj destination (of a journey)
‫ محجة‬maḥajja pl. ‫ محاج‬maḥājj2
destination of a pilgrimage, object of
pilgrimage, shrine; destination (of s
journey); goal; road; way; procedure,
method │ ‫ محجة الصواب‬m. aṣ-ṣawāb the
Right Way, the Straight Path; ‫محجة الحديد‬
railroad
‫ حجاج‬ḥijāj argument, dispute, debate
‫ تحجج‬taḥajjuj argumentation, pleading,
offering of a pretext, pretense, excuse
‫ احتجاج‬iḥtijāj pl. -āt argumentation;
pretext, excuse, plea, pretense; protest,
remonstrance (‫ على‬against), objection,
exception (‫ على‬to)
‫ حاج‬ḥājj pl. ‫ حجاج‬ḥujjāj, ‫ حجيج‬ḥajīj
pilgrim; hadji, Mecca pilgrim, honorific
title of one who has performed the
pilgrimage to Mecca
‫ حجب‬ḥajaba u (ḥajb) to veil, cover, screen,
shelter, seclude (‫ على ھـ‬s.th. from); to hide,
obscure (‫ عن ھـ‬s.th. from s.th. else, e.g.,
from sight); to eclipse, outshine,
overshadow (‫ ه‬s.o.); to make
imperceptible, invisible (‫ عن ھـ‬s.th. to); to
conceal (‫ عن ھـ‬s.th. from s.o.); to make or
form a separation (‫ وبين‬-- ‫ بين‬between –
and) II to veil, hide, conceal; to hide from
sight, keep in seclusion (‫ ھا‬a woman); to
disguise, mask (‫ ب ھـ‬s.th. with) V to
conceal o.s. hide (‫ عن‬from), flee from
sight, veil o.s. VII to veil o.s., conceal o.s.;
to be covered up, become hidden be
obscured VIII to vanish, become invisible,
disappear from sight; to veil conceal (‫عن‬
hide; to become hidden, be concealed (‫عن‬
from); to withdraw; to elude perception; to
ease or interrupt publication (newspaper,
periodical)
‫ حجب‬ḥajb seclusion; screening off;
keeping away, keeping off
‫ حجاب‬ḥijāb pl. ‫ حجب‬ḥujub, ‫ احجبة‬aḥjiba
cover, wrap, drape; curtain; woman’s veil;
screen, partition, folding screen; barrier,
bar; diaphragm (also ‫ ;الحجاب الحاجز‬anat.);
amulet
‫ حجابة‬ḥijāba office of gatekeeper
‫ احتجاب‬iḥtijāb concealment, hiddenness,
seclusion; veiledness, veiling, purdah
‫ حاجب‬ḥājib concealing, screening,
protecting; (pl. ‫ حجاب‬ḥujjāb, ‫ حجبة‬ḥajaba)
doorman, gatekeeper; chamberlain;
orderly (Syr., mil.); (pl. ‫ حواجب‬ḥawājib2)
eyebrow │‫ حاجب الھواء‬ḥ. al-hawā’ airtight,
hermetic
‫ محجوب‬maḥjūb concealed, hidden, veiled
1
‫ حجر‬ḥajara u (ḥajr, ḥijr, ḥujr, ‫ حجران‬ḥijrān,
ḥujrān) to deny access (‫ على‬to s.o.); to
stop, detain, hinder (‫ على‬or ‫ ه‬s.o.); to
forbid, interdict (‫ على ھـ‬s.th. to s.o.),
prohibit (‫ على‬s.o.) from doing s.th. (‫ ;)ھـ‬to
place (‫ على‬s.o.) under guardianship,
declare (‫ على‬s.o.) legally incompetent
‫ حجر‬ḥajr restriction, curb(ing),
check(ing), obstruction, impeding,
limitation, curtailing (‫ على‬of s.th.); barring,
closing, debarment, preclusion; detention;
blocking, confinement, containment,
suppression (as a protective measure);
interdiction, prohibition, ban; revocation,
or limitation, of s.o.’s (‫ )على‬legal
competence │‫( حجرصحي‬ṣiḥḥī) quarantine
‫( حجر‬ḥijr forbidden, interdicted,
prohibited; lap; (pl. ‫ احجار‬aḥjār, ‫حجور‬
ḥujūr, ‫ حجورة‬ḥujūra) mare
‫ حجرة‬ḥujra pl. ḥujarāt, ‫ حجر‬ḥujar room;
cell; (railroad) compartment; chamber │
‫ حجرة االنتظار‬waiting room; ‫ حجرة النوم‬ḥ. an-
naum bedroom; ‫( الحجرة الفالحية‬fallāḥīya)
chamber of agriculture
‫ حجر‬maḥjar pl. ‫ محاجر‬maḥājir2 military
hospital, infirmary; prison, jail, dungeon
│‫( محجر صحي‬ṣiḥḥī) quarantine, quarantine
station
‫ حجر‬maḥjir, miḥjar, maḥjar pl. ‫محاجر‬
maḥājir2 (=‫ محجر العين‬m. al-‘ain) eye
socket; see also below
‫ تحجير‬taḥjīr interdiction, prohibition,
ban; see also below
‫ محجور‬maḥjūr pl. ‫ محاجر‬maḥājir2 (and
‫ )محجور عليه‬one placed under guardianship;
minor; ward, charge
2
‫ حجر‬II to petrify, turn into stone (‫ ھـ‬s.th.); to
make hard as stone (‫ ھـ‬s.th.) V to turn to
stone, petrify, become petrified
 ‫ حجر‬ḥajar pl. ‫ احجار‬aḥjār, ‫ حجارة‬ḥijāra,
‫ حجار‬ḥijār stone; weight (placed as an
equipoise on the scale of a balance) │
‫( الحجر االساسي‬asāsī) the foundation stone,
cornerstone, ‫( وضع الحجر االساسي‬waḍ‘)
laying of the cornerstone; ‫ حجر البالط‬ḥ. al-
balāṭ flagstone, paving stone; ‫ حجر جھنم‬ḥ.
jahannam lunar caustic, silver nitrate; ‫حجر‬
‫ الجير‬ḥ. al-jīr limestone; ‫ الحجر السماقي‬or
‫( حجر السماقي‬summāqī) porphyry; ‫الحجر‬
‫( االسود‬aswad) the Black Stone (of the
Kaaba); ‫ حجر الشادنة‬hematite (min.); ‫حجر‬
‫ العثرة‬ḥ. al-‘atra stumbling block; ‫حجر‬
‫ الفالسفة‬philosopher’s stone; O ‫ حجر القمر‬ḥ.
al-qamar selenite; ‫ حجر كريم‬and ‫حجر ثمين‬
precious stone, gem; ‫( طبع على الحجر‬tab‘)
lithograph; ‫ طباعة الحجر‬Lithography
‫ حجري‬ḥajarī stony, stone (adj.) │‫العصر‬
‫‘( الحجري‬aṣr) the Stone Age; ‫العصر الحجري‬
‫ الحديث‬the Neolithic period; ‫العصر الحجري‬
‫ القديم‬the Paleolithic period
‫ حجير‬ḥajīr stony, petrified
‫ حجار‬ḥajjār stone mason, stone cutter
‫ حجل‬ḥajala u i (ḥajl, ‫ حجالن‬ḥajalān) to hop,
‫ محجر‬maḥjir pl. ‫ محاجر‬maḥājir2 (stone)
quarry
‫ تحجير‬taḥjīr petrification; stone
quarrying
‫ تحجر‬taḥajjur petrification
‫ متحجر‬mutaḥajjir petrified
‫ مستحجر‬mustaḥjir petrified 157
‫ حجدز‬ḥajaza u i (ḥajz) to hold back, restrain,
hinder, prevent (‫ عن ھـ‬s.th. from); to keep
away (‫ عن ھـ‬s.th. from); to block (off),
close, bar; to isolate, insulate, confine,
seclude; to make inaccessible; to set apart;
to separate (‫ بين‬two things); to arrest,
detain; to seize, sequester, impound (‫على‬
or ‫ ھـ‬s.th., e.g., s.o.’s property, salary); to
confiscate, safeguard (‫ ھـ‬s.th.); to reserve
(‫ ھـ‬s.th.); to make a reservation (‫ ھـ‬for a.
theater seat, a steamer cabin, a ticket, etc.)
VIII to retain for o.s., reserve to o.s. (‫ھـ‬
s.th.)
‫ حجز‬ḥajz curbing, prevention, restraint;
seclusion, confinement, containment,
isolation, insulation, separation; arrest,
detention, seizure, confiscation,
sequestration (‫ على‬of s.th.); reservation (of
seats) │‫ حجز الحرية‬ḥ al-ḥurrīya deprivation
of liberty, unlawful detention duress
(jur.); ‫( القى الحجر على‬alqā) to confiscate
s.th.
‫ الحجاز‬al-ḥijāz Hejaz, region in W
Arabia, on the Red Sea coast
‫ حجازي‬ḥijāzī of or pertaining to Hejaz;
pl. -ūn) an inhabitant of Hejaz
‫ حاجز‬ḥājiz and ‫ حاجزة‬pl. ‫ حواجز‬ḥawājiz2
obstacle, hindrance, impediment,
obstruction; partition, screen, dividing
wall j block, blockade, road block; fence,
gate, railing, balustrade; hurdle; bar,
barrier; barricade │ ‫الحجاب الحاجز‬
diaphragm (anat.); O ‫حاجز االمواج‬
breakwater; ‫)الحواجز القمرقية )الجمركية‬
(qumruqīya, gumrukīya) customs barriers;
O ‫ حاجزة الصواعق‬lightning rod
‫ موظف حاجز‬muwaẓẓaf ḥājiz approx.:
bailiff
1
‫محاجفة‬muḥājafa singlestick fencing
2
‫احجاف‬iḥjāf = ‫اجحاف‬
leap; to skip, gambol
‫ حجل‬ḥajl, ḥijl pl. ‫ حجول‬ḥujūl, ‫ احجال‬aḥjāl
anklet
‫ حجل‬ḥajal (coll.; n. un. ‫ )ة‬pl. ‫حجالن‬
ḥajlān, ‫ حجلى‬ḥijlā partridge; mountain
partridge, mountain quail
‫ حجل‬ḥajala pl. ‫ حجال‬ḥijāl curtained
canopy, or alcove, for the bride │ ‫رباط‬
‫ الحجال‬rabbāṭ al-ḥ. the ladies
‫ لعبة الحجلة‬la‘bat al-ḥajala hopscotch
‫ محجل‬muḥajjal wearing anklets
(woman); white-footed (horse); bright,
brilliant, radiant; unique, singular, esp. in
the phrase ‫( أغر محجل‬agarr2)
‫ حجم‬ḥajama u (ḥajm) to cup (‫ ه‬s.o.; med.) IV to
recoil, shrink, flinch (‫ عن‬from); to desist,
abstain, refrain (‫ عن‬from), forbear (‫عن‬
s.th.); to withdraw, retreat
‫ حجم‬ḥajm pl. ‫ حجوم‬ḥujūm, ‫ احجام‬aḥjām
bulk, size, volume; caliber (of a cannon)
│‫ كبير الحجم‬bulky, sizable, massive
‫ حجام‬ḥajjām cupper
‫ حجامة‬ḥijāma cupping, scarification, art
of cupping
 ‫ محجم‬miḥjam, m ‫ محجم‬miḥjama pl. ‫محاجم‬
maḥājim2 cupping glass
‫ احجام‬iḥjām desistance, abstention;
restraint, aloofness, reserve
‫ حجن‬ḥajana i (ḥajn) to bend, curve, crook (‫ھـ‬
s.th.) VIII to snatch up, grab (‫ ھـ‬s.th.) take
hold (‫ ھـ‬of s.th.)
‫ احجن‬aḥjan2 curved, crooked, bent
‫ محجن‬miḥjan pl. ‫ محاجن‬maḥājin2 staff or
stick with a crooked end, crosier; hook
‫ )حجا به خيرا )حجو‬ḥajā bihī ḳairan to think well
of s.o., have a good opinion of s.o. III to
propose a riddle (‫ ه‬to s.o.); to speak in
riddles, be enigmatic
‫ حجى‬، ‫ حجا‬ḥijan pl. ‫ احجاء‬aḥjā’ intellect,
brains, understanding, discernment,
acumen, sagacity, wit, intelligence 158
‫ حجي‬ḥajiy appropriate, suitable, proper (
‫ ب‬for)
‫ احجى‬aḥjā more appropriate, more
suitable, more proper; more correct, better
‫ احجية‬uḥjīya pl. ‫ احاجى‬aḥājīy, ‫ احاج‬aḥājin
riddle, puzzle, enigma
‫ حخام‬ḥaḳām = ‫( حاخام‬look up alphabetically)
‫ حد‬ḥadda u (ḥadd) to sharpen, hone (‫ ھـ‬a
knife); to delimit, delineate, demarcate,
mark off, stake off (‫ ھـ‬land, ‫ من‬from); to
set bounds (‫ ھـ‬to s.th.), limit, restrict,
confine (‫ ھـ‬s.th.); to impede, hinder, curb,
check (‫ من‬or ‫ ھـ‬s.th.); -- i (‫ حدة‬ḥidda) to
become furious, angry (‫ على‬at): -- i u (‫حداد‬
ḥidād) to wear mourning, mourn (‫ على‬the
deceased) II to sharpen, hone (‫ ھـ‬a knife);
to forge (‫ ھـ‬s.th.; syr.); to delimit,
demarcate (‫ ھـ‬s.th.); to set bounds (‫ ھـ‬to
s.th.), circumscribe, mark off, delineate
sharply; to limit, restrict, confine (‫ من‬or ‫ھـ‬
s.th.); to determine, appoint, assign,
schedule, lay down, set down, establish (‫ھـ‬
s.th.); to fix). e.g., prices); to define (‫ھـ‬
s.th.) │‫( حدد بصره‬baṣarahū) to dart sharp
glances; to scrutinize (‫ في‬s.th.), look
sharply (‫ في‬at s.th.) III to oppose (‫ ه‬،‫ ھـ‬s.o.,
s.th.) act contrary (‫ ه‬،‫ ھـ‬to s.o., to s.th.),
contravene, counteract, violate (‫ ھـ‬s.th.) IV
to sharpen, make sharp (‫ ھـ‬s.th.) │ ‫احد النظر‬
‫( الى‬naẓar) to look sharply at, stare at; ‫احد‬
‫( بصره‬baṣarahū) to dart sharp glances; to
scrutinize (‫ في‬s.th.), look sharply (‫ في‬at
s.th.); ‫( احد من بصره‬baṣarihī) to glance
sharply; -- to put on garments of mourning
V to be delimited, be delineated, be
bounded, be circumscribed; to be
determined, be established, be set down,
be scheduled, be fixed; to by defined, be
definable VIII to be or become angry; to
become infuriated, be furious (‫ على‬at), be
exasperated (‫ على‬with); to be agitated, be
upset, be in a state of commotion
‫ حد‬ḥadd pl. ‫ حدود‬ḥudūd (cutting) edge
(of a knife, of a sword); edge, border,
brink, brim, verge; border (of a country),
boundary, borderline; limit (fig.), the
utmost, extremity, termination, end,
terminal point, terminus; a (certain)
measure, extent, or degree (attained);
(math.) member (of an equation), term (of
a fraction, of a proportion); divine
ordinance, divine statute; legal
punishment (Isl. Law) │‫ لحد‬li-ḥaddi or ‫الى‬
‫ حد‬until, till, up to, to the extent of, ‫الى حد‬
‫ لحد اآلن‬،‫ اآلن‬li-ḥ. l-āna up to now, so far;
‫( الى حد ما‬ḥaddin) to a certain degree, to a
certain extent; ‫ الى حد بعيد‬،‫ الى حد كبير‬to a
considerable extent or degree,
considerably, extensively; ‫( الى أي حد‬ayyi
ḥaddin) how far, to what degree or extent;
‫( ال حد له‬ḥadda) boundless, infinite,
unbounded, unlimited; ‫ بال حد‬bi-lā ḥaddin,
‫ الى غير حد‬ilā gairi ḥaddin boundless,
unlimited, without limits; ‫‘ على حد سواء‬alā
ḥaddin sawā’, ‫‘ على حد سوى‬alā ḥaddin
siwan in the same manner; equally,
likewise; ‫( على حد‬ḥaddi) according to,
commensurate with; ‫ في حد ذاته‬fī ḥaddi
dātihī and ‫ بحد ذاته‬in itself, as such; ‫الحد‬
‫( االعلى‬a‘lā), ‫( الحد االقصى‬aqṣā) the
maximum; ‫( الحد االدنى‬adnā) the minimum;
(‫‘ حد عمري‬umrī) age limit; ‫ ذو حدين‬dū
ḥaddain two-edged; ‫( في حدود‬ḥudūdi)
within, within the framework of; ‫بلغ اقصى‬
‫( حدوده‬aqṣā ḥudūdihI) to attain its highest
degree; ‫ حدود ﷲ‬the bounds or restrictions
that God has placed on man's freedom of
action
‫ حدة‬ḥidda sharpness, keenness; pitch (of
a tone); distinctiveness, markedness;
vehemence, violence, impetuosity; fury,
rage, wrath, ire, anger; excitability,
irascibility, passionateness
‫ حدة‬ḥida see ‫وحد‬
 ‫ حدد‬ḥadad forbidden 159
‫ حداد‬ḥidād (act of) mourning (‫ على‬over)
│ ‫ ثوب الحداد‬taub al-h. garmente of
mourning; ‫ حداد البالط‬ḥ. al-balāt court
mourning
‫ حديد‬ḥadīd iron; pl. ‫ حدائد‬ḥadā’id2 iron
parts (of a structure); forgings, hardware,
ironware │ ‫ حديد خام‬crode iron, pig iron,
iron ore; O ‫( حديد مطاوع‬mutāwi‘) wrought
iron; ‫( حديد غفل‬gufl) unprocessed iron, pig
iron; ‫ ظھر الحديد‬ẓahr al-ḥ. ‫ حديد الظھر‬cast
iron; ‫ سكة الحديد‬sikkat al-ḥ. railroad; ‫ضرب‬
‫ في حديد بريد‬see ‫ضرب‬
2
‫ حديد‬ḥadīd pl. ‫ حداد‬ḥidād, ‫ احداء‬aḥiddā’ ,
‫ احدة‬aḥidda sharp (knife, eye, tongue, etc.),
keen (mind)
‫ احد‬aḥadd2 sharper, keener; more
vehement, more violent
‫ حديدة‬ḥadīda pl. ‫ حدائد‬ḥadā’id2 piece of
iron; object or tool made of iron │ ‫حديد‬
‫ الحرث‬ḥ. al-ḥart plowshare; ‫( على الحديدة‬eg.)
in financial straits, pinched for money
‫ حديدي‬ḥadīdī iron (adj.) │ ‫سكة حديدية‬
(sikka) railroad
‫ الحديدة‬al-ḥudaida Hodeida (seaport in
W Yemen)
‫ حداد‬ḥaddād ironsmith, blacksmith
‫ حدادة‬ḥidāda smithcraft, art smithing
‫ تحديد‬taḥdīd pl. -āt limitation,
delimitation; delineation, demarcation;
restriction, curb, confinement;
determination, fixation, appointment;
definition │‫ على التحديد‬and ‫على وجه التحديد‬
(wajh) to be exact …, strictly speaking …
‫ حاد‬ḥādd sharp (also, fig., of a glance),
keen (mind); high-pitched (tone);
vehement, fiery, impetuous; fierce; vivid;
acute (illness) │‫ حاد المزاج‬ḥ. al-mizāj, ‫حاد‬
‫ الطبع‬ḥ. aṭ-ṭab‘ hot-blooded, hot-headed,
hot-tempered, irascible; ‫( زاوية حادة‬zāwiya)
acute angle; ‫ تحت الحد‬subacute
‫ محدود‬maḥdūd bounded, bordered (‫ب‬
by); circumscribed, confined; limited (=
small, e.g., number, knowledge, etc.);
delimited, determinate, fixed, definite,
definitive │‫ محدود المعنى‬m. al-ma‘nā
unambiguous; ‫ محدود الضمان‬m. aḍ-ḍamān
of limited liability; ‫)شركة محدودة )المسئولية‬
(širka) limited company, corporation
‫ محدد‬muḥaddad sharpened, sharp;
determined, fixed, appointed, destined (‫ل‬
for) strictly delimited, clearly defined
‫ محتد‬muḥtadd angry, furious,
exasperated
‫ حدأة‬ḥid’a, pl. ‫ حدأ‬ḥida’, ‫ حداء‬ḥidā’, ‫ حدآن‬ḥid’ān
kite (zool.)
‫ حدأة‬ḥada’a pl. ‫ حداء‬ḥidā’ double-bladed
axe
‫ حدب‬ḥadiba a (ḥadab) to be convex, dome-
shaped, cambered, bent outward; to be
hunchbacked; to be nice, kind, friendly (
‫ على‬or ‫ ب‬to s.o.). be solicitous (‫ على‬or ‫ب‬
about s.o.), care (‫ على‬or ‫ ب‬for s.o.) take
care (‫ على‬or ‫ ب‬of s.o.) II to make convex,
emboss, camber, vault, curve, crook, bend
(‫ ھـ‬s.th.) V and XII ‫ احدودب‬iḥaudaba to be
crooked, vaulted, cambered, embossed,
convex
‫ حدب‬ḥadab affection, fondness, love;
kindliness; solicitude, care; (pl. ‫حداب‬
ḥidāb, ‫ احداب‬aḥdāb) elevation of the
ground │ ‫( من كل حدب وصوب‬wa-ṣaubin) or
‫ كل صوب وحدب‬from all sides, from all
directions, from everywhere; ‫في كل صوب‬
‫ وحدب‬everywhere, in every quarter, on all
sides
‫ حدب‬ḥadib curved, cambered, vaulted,
convex; hunchbacked; kindly, friendly
‫ حدب‬ḥadaba hunchback, hump; camber,
vaulting, curvature
‫ احدب‬aḥdab2, f. ‫ حدباء‬ḥadbā’, pl. ‫حدب‬
ḥudb hunchbacked, humped; -- (elative)
kindlier, friendlier
‫ محدب‬muḥaddab embossed; cambered,
convex 160
‫ حدث‬ḥadata u (‫ حدوث‬ḥudūt) to happen, occur,
take place, come to pass; -- (ḥaduta u (
‫ حداثة‬ḥadāta) to be new, recent; to be
young II to tell, relate, report (‫ ه‬to s.o., ‫ب‬
or ‫ ھـ‬s.th., ‫ عن‬،‫ في‬about); to speak, talk (‫ه‬
to s.o., ‫ عن‬or ‫ في‬about, of) │‫حدثه قلبه‬
(ḥaddatahū qalbuhū and ‫حدثته نفسه‬
ḥaddatathu nafsuhū his heart, his
innermost feeling told him (‫ ب‬s.th.); ‫حدث‬
‫( نفسه ب‬nafsahū) to talk o.s. into (s.th.), try
to believe s.th. or see s.th. (as factual); to
resolve, make up one’s mind to do s.th.;
‫ حدث نفسه ان‬he said to himself, told himself
that … III to speak, talk (‫ عن‬or ‫ في ه‬to s.o.
about s.th.); to discuss (‫ عن‬or ‫ في ه‬with s.o.
s.th.), converse (‫ عن‬or ‫ في ه‬with s.o.
about); to negotiate, confer (‫ ه‬with s.o.) to
address, accost (‫ ه‬s.o.); to call up (‫ ه‬s.o., by
telephone) IV to bring forth, produce,
create, originate (‫ ھـ‬s.th.); to found,
establish (‫ ھـ‬s.th.); to bring about, cause,
occasion, provoke, effect (‫ ھـ‬s.th.); to drop
excrement │ ‫( احدث حدثا‬ḥadatan) to bring
about s.th.; to cause or do s.th., esp., s.th.
evil, do mischief V to speak, talk (‫ الى‬to
s.o., ‫ ب‬،‫ عن‬or j about or of s.th.), converse,
chat (‫ الى‬or ‫ مع‬with s.o., ‫ عن‬to, ‫ ب‬or j about
s.th.) VI to talk with one another,
converse, have a conversation X to renew
(‫ ھـ‬s.th.) to buy new (‫ ھـ‬s.th.); to introduce,
start, invent, originate, create (‫ ھـ‬s.th.); to
find or deem (‫ ه‬s.o.) to be young
‫ حدث‬ḥadat pl. ‫ احداث‬aḥdāt a new,
unprecedented thing, a novelty,
innovation; event, incident, occurrence,
happening; phenomenon; evil symptom;
misdeed; misfortune; ritual impurity (Isl.
Law); excrement, feces; (pl. ‫ حدثان‬،‫احداث‬
ḥudtān) young man, youth; ‫ احداث‬juveniles
‫ حديث‬ḥadīt pl. ‫ حداث‬ḥidāt, ‫ حدثاء‬ḥudatā’2
new, novel, recent, late; modern; ‫حديثا‬
ḥadītan recently, lately │‫ حديث البناء‬ḥ. al-
binā’ new-built, recently built; ‫حديث السن‬
ḥ. as-sinn young; ‫ حديث العھد‬ḥ. al-‘ahd of
recent date, recent, new, young; ‫حديث العھد‬
‫ حديث عھد ب‬،‫( ب‬ḥ. ‘ahdin) having adopted
or acquired (s.th.) recently; not long
accustomed to (s.th.), inexperienced at
(s.th.), new at (s.th.), newly, e.g., ‫حديث العھد‬
‫( بالوالدة‬bi-l-wilāda) newborn, ‫حديث الغھد‬
‫( بالزواج‬bi-z-zawāj) newly wed; ‫كان حديث‬
‫ العھد بأوربا‬he had not known Europe until
recently
‫ حديث‬ḥadīt pl. ‫ احاديث‬aḥādīt2, ‫حدثان‬
ḥadtān speech; chat, chitchat, small talk;
conversation, talk, discussion; interview;
prattle, gossip; report, account, tale,
narrative; Prophetic tradition, Hadith,
narrative relating deeds and utterances of
the Prophet and his Companions │ ‫حديث‬
‫ خرافة‬ḥ. ḳurāfa fabulous story, silly talk;
‫( حديث قدسي‬qudsī) Muslim tradition in
which God Himself speaks, as opposed to
‫( حديث نبوي‬nabawī) an ordinary Prophetic
tradition; ‫ حديث النفس‬ḥ. an-nafs s.th. one
talks o.s. into; premonition
‫ حدوث‬ḥudūt setting in (of a state or
condition), occurrence, incidence (of a
phenomenon); occurrence, incident,
happening
‫ حداثة‬ḥadāta newness, recency, novelty;
youth, youthfulness
‫ احداث‬aḥdāt2 newer, more recent
‫ حدثان الدھر‬ḥidtān (or ḥadatān) ad-dahr
misfortune, adversities, reverses
‫ احدوثة‬uḥdūta pl. ‫ احاديث‬aḥādīt2 speech;
discussion, talk, conversation; chatter;
fabling, fibbing; topic, subject of a
conversation; gossip, rumor (about a
person) │‫ حسن االحدوثة‬ḥusn al-u. praise (of
s.o.) ‫ سوء االحدوثة‬sū’ al-u. slander,
defamation
‫ محادثة‬muḥādata pl. -āt discourse,
conversation, discussion, talk, parley
‫ احداث‬iḥdāt production, creatuion,
invention, origination; causation,
effectuation 161
‫ احداثيات‬iḥdātīyāt (pl.) co-ordinates
(math.) │ ‫‘( احداثيات عمودية‬amūdīya)
ordinates; ‫( احداثيات أفقية‬ufuqīya) abscissas
(math.)
‫ استحداث‬istiḥdāt invention, creation,
production, origination
‫ حادث‬ḥādīt occurring, happening, taking
place; new, recent; fresh; -- (pl. ‫حوادث‬
ḥawādit2, also -āt) occurrence, incident,
event, happening; episode; case (jur.)
accident, mishap │ ‫ حادث تزوير‬a case of
forgery; ‫ مكان الحادث‬makān al-ḥ. site of
action, scene of the crime, locus delicti
‫ حادثة‬ḥādita pl. ‫ حوادث‬ḥawādit2
occurrence, event, happening; plot (of a
play) ; incident, episode; accident, mishap
│ ‫حادثة المرور‬ḥ. al-murūr traffic accident
‫ محدث‬muḥaddit pl. -ūn speaker, talker;
spokesman; conversation partner,
interlocutor; relator, narrator; a transmitter
of Prophetic traditions, traditionary,
representative of the science or study of
Hadith (see above); O phonograph,
gramophone
 ‫ متحدث‬mutaḥaddit spokesman, speaker
‫ مستحدث‬mustaḥdat new, novel, recent, --
(pl. –āt) novelty, innovation; recent
invention, modern product; neologism
‫ حدج‬ḥadaja i and II to stare, look sharply (‫ ه‬،‫ھـ‬
at s.o., at s.th., often with ‫ ببصره‬bi-
baṣarihī or ‫ بنظره‬bi-naẓarihī)
‫ حدج‬ḥidj pl. ‫ حدوج‬ḥudūj, ‫ احداج‬aḥdāj
load, burden, encumbrance
‫ ابو حديج‬abū ḥadīj stork
2
‫ حداجة‬ḥidāja pl. ‫ حدائج‬ḥadā’ij camel
saddle
‫ حدر‬ḥadara, ḥadura u (ḥadr, ‫ حدارة‬ḥadāra) to
be thick; -- ḥadara u i (ḥadr, ‫ حدر‬ḥudūr)
to bring down, lower (‫ ھـ‬s.th.) to cause (‫ھـ‬
s.th.) to descend; to drop (‫ ھـ‬s.th.); to shed
(‫ ھـ‬tears); ‫( حدر حدرا‬ḥadran) to rattle off,
express quickly (an utterance, a thought);
-- (ḥadr) to come down, step down,
descend; to glide down, swoop II to drop (
‫ ھـ‬s.th.) to lower, inclines, dip (‫ ھـ‬s.th.) V
to descend gradually; to glide down; to
come down, descend; to flow down
(tears); to derive, stem, originate (‫ من‬from)
VII to come or go down, descend; to glide
down, sink down; to be in decline, be on
the downgrade, to decline, wane; to flow
down (tears); to slope down, slant down,
be inclined (terrain); to come (‫ الى‬to a
place), arrive (‫ الى‬at)
‫ حدر‬ḥadr rapid recitation of the Koran
(a terminus technicus of tajwīd)
‫ حدور‬ḥadūr slope, downgrade,
declivity, declivitous terrain
‫ تحدر‬taḥaddur descent, slant, slope,
inclination, incline, declivity
‫ انحدار‬inḥidār slant, dip, pitch,
inclination, decent, slope; declivity; fall
(of a river); decline, waning; ruin, decay,
decadence
‫ حادر‬ḥādir thick
‫ متحدر‬mutaḥaddir descending, slanting,
sloping downward
‫ منحدر‬munḥadir descending; lowered,
dipped; slanting, sloping, declivitous
(terrain); declining, waning, being on the
downgrade, in a state of decadence or
decline; run-down, seedy, down-at-the-
heels, down-and-out
‫ منحدر‬munḥadar pl. -āt depression; slope,
talus, incline, descent, declivity; fall (of a
river)
‫ حدس‬ḥadata i u (ḥadt) to surmise, guess,
conjecture (‫ ھـ‬s.th.)
‫ حدس‬ḥadt surmise, guess, conjecture; O
intuition 162
□‫ حداف‬ḥaddāf (‫ حداف الماكوك‬،(‫( حذاف‬syr.)
shuttle (weaving)
□ ‫ طارة حدافة‬ṭāra ḥaddāfa (syr.)
flywheel
1
‫ حدق‬ḥadaqa i (ḥadq) to surround, encircle,
encompass (‫ ب‬s.o., s.th.); (with ‫بعينه‬
bi-‘ainihī) to look, glance (‫ ه‬at s.o.) II to
look, glance, gaze, stare (‫ الى‬or ‫ في‬at, also
‫(ب( │ حدق النظر في‬naẓara) to fix one’s
glance on … IV to surround, encircle,
encompass, enclose (‫ ب‬s.o., s.th.); to look,
glance (‫ الى‬،‫ في‬or ‫ ب‬at) │ ‫احدق النظر النظر في‬
(naẓara) to fix one’s glance on …
‫ حدقة‬ḥadaqa pl. -āt, ‫ حدق‬ḥadaq, ‫حداق‬
ḥidāq, ‫ احداق‬aḥdāq pupil (of the eye); pl.
‫ احداق‬glances
‫ حديقة‬ḥadīqa pl. ‫ حدائق‬ḥadā’iq2 garden │
‫ حديقة الحيوانات‬ḥ. al-ḥayawānāt zoological
garden, zoo
‫ احداق‬iḥdāq encirclement,
encompassment (‫ ب‬of)
‫ خطر محدق‬ḳaṭar muḥdiq imminent
danger
2
□ ‫ حدق‬II (=‫ )حدق‬to make acid, sour, tart, or
sharp (‫ ھـ‬s.th.)
□ ‫ حادق‬ḥādiq (= ‫ )حاذق‬sour, tart, acid,
sharp (taste)
‫ حدل‬ḥadala i to flatten, level, even, roll (‫ھـ‬
s.th.); (ḥadl, ‫ حدول‬ḥudūl) to treat unjustly (
‫ على‬s.o.)
‫ محدلة‬miḥdala pl. ‫ محمدل‬maḥādil2 roller,
steamroller
‫ حدم‬VIII to burn, glow, blaze; to burn up, be
consumed by fire; to flare up, break out
(fight); to be furious, burn with wrath (‫على‬
at, over), also ‫( احتدم غيظا‬gaiẓan)
‫ احتدام‬iḥtidām paroxysm
 ‫ محمدم‬muḥtadim furious, infuriated,
enraged
‫ حدة‬ḥida see ‫وحد‬
1
□ ‫ حدوة‬ḥidwa horseshoe
2
(‫ حدو‬and ‫ حدى( حدا‬ḥadā u (ḥadw, ‫ حداء‬ḥudā’,
ḥidā’ to urge forward by singing (‫ھـ‬
camels); to urge, spur on, egg on, prompt,
instigate, induce, move (‫ ب‬or ‫ ه‬s.o., ‫ الى‬to
s.th., to do s.th.); ‫ حدا ب‬to instigate s.th.; to
sway, rock, roll (rider, camel); to swing
along, rock along (in riding) │‫حدا بھم الحديث‬
‫ الى‬their conversation led them to …; ‫غرض‬
‫( تحدى اليه الركائب‬garaḍun tuḥdā) a goal
much sought after or worth striving for V
to compete, vie (‫ ه‬with s.o.); to challenge,
provoke (‫ ه‬،‫ ھـ‬s.o., s.th.); to defy, oppose,
resist, withstand (‫ ه‬،‫ ھـ‬s.o., s.th.), stand up
(‫ ه‬،‫ ھـ‬against s.o., against s.th.) to incite,
stimulate, arouse, animate, sharpen (‫ھـ‬
s.th.; ‫ ذكاءه‬dakā’ahū s.o.’s intellect); to
intend (‫ ھـ‬s.th., to do s.th.), be bent (‫ ھـ‬on
doing s.th.)
‫ حداء‬ḥudā’ animating singsong,
chanting of the caravan leader
‫ حداء‬ḥaddā’ camel driver, cameleer
‫ احدوة‬uḥduwa, ‫ احدية‬uḥdīya song of the
camel drivers
‫ تحد‬taḥaddin pl. ‫ تحديات‬taḥaddiyāt
challenge, provocation
‫ حاد‬ḥādin pl. ‫ حداة‬ḥudāh caravan leader
(who urges the camels forward by
singing); camel driver, cameleer; leader
‫ متحد‬mutaḥaddin challenger, provoker
1
‫ حدي‬ḥadiya a to remain, stay (‫ ب‬at a place),
stick (‫ ب‬to a place)
2
‫ حادى عشر‬see ‫احد‬
3
□ ‫ حداية‬ḥidāya, ḥiddāya = ‫ حدأة‬ḥid’a
‫ حذق‬ḥadiqa a, ḥadaqa i (ḥidq, ‫ حذاقة‬ḥadāqa) to
‫ حذر‬ḥadira a (ḥidr, ḥadar) to be cautious,
wary, to beware (‫ من‬or ‫ ه‬،‫ ھـ‬of s.o., of
s.th.), be on one’s guard (‫ من‬or ‫ ه‬،‫ھـ‬
against) II to warn, caution (‫ من ه‬s.o. of or
about), put (‫ ه‬s.o.) on his guard (‫من‬
against) III to watch out, be 163 careful;
to be on one’s guard (‫ ه‬against), be wary (‫ه‬
of s.o.) V to beware, be wary (‫ من‬of) VIII
=I
‫ حذر‬ḥidr and ḥadar caution,
watchfulness, alertness, wariness,
circumspection; precaution │‫اخذ حذره‬
(ḥadarahū) to be on one’s guard; ‫على جذر‬
‘alā ḥadarin cautiously, warily; on one’s
guard (‫ من‬against)
‫ حذر‬ḥadir cautious, wary
‫ حذاري‬ḥadārī beware (‫ ان‬of doing …, ‫من‬
of s.th.)! watch out (‫ من‬for)! be careful (‫من‬
of)!
‫ تحذير‬taḥdīr warning, cautioning (‫ من‬of,
against)
‫محاذرة‬muḥādara caution, precaution,
precautionary measure
‫ محذور‬maḥdūr that of which one should
beware, against which one should guard;
object of caution; -- (pl. -āt) danger, peril;
trouble, difficulty, misfortune
‫ حذف‬ḥadafa i (ḥadf) to shorten, clip, curtail (‫ھـ‬
or ‫ من‬s.th.); to take s.th. away, cut s.th. off,
clip s.th. off (‫ من‬from s.th.), reduce (‫من‬
s.th.), strike or cross s.th. (‫ من‬off s.th.); to
cancel, strike out, delete, drop, leave out,
omit, suppress (‫ ھـ‬s.th.); (gram.) to elide,
apocopate, drop by aphaeresis; to deduct,
subtract (‫ ھـ‬s.th.); to throw (‫ ب ه‬at s.o.
s.th.), pelt (‫ ب ه‬s.o. with s.th.); to cast
away, throw away, discard (‫ ب‬s.th.) II to
clip, trim (‫ ھـ‬s.th.); to give (‫ ھـ‬s.th.) shape,
to trim, clip, or cut (‫ ھـ‬s.th.) into proper
shape
‫ حذف‬ḥadf shortening, curtailing, cutting
off, trimming, etc.; canceling,
cancellation, striking off, crossing off,
deletion; omission, dropping, suppression;
(gram.) elision, ellipsis, apocopation
‫ حذافير‬ḥadāfīr2: ‫ اخذه بحذافيره‬he took all of it, he
took it lock, stock and barrel
be skilled, skillful, well-versed, proficient
(‫ ھـ‬or ‫ في‬in s.th.), master (‫ ھـ‬s.th.); --
ḥadaqa u (‫ حذوق‬ḥudūq) to turn sour (milk)
V to feign skillfulness, proficiency,
cleverness or smartness
‫ حذق‬ḥidq and ‫ حذاقة‬ḥadāqa skill,
dexterity, proficiency; smartness,
cleverness, intelligence; perspicacity,
sagacity, acumen
 ‫ حاذق‬ḥādiq pl. ‫ حذاق‬ḥuddāq skillful,
skilled, proficient; well-versed, clever,
smart; intelligent; sour
‫ حذلق‬II taḥadlaqa to pretend to be clever or
skilful, feign skiIl or knowledge; to be
pedantic
‫ حذلقة‬ḥadlaqa skillfulness, dexterity
‫ )حذا )حذو‬ḥadā u: ‫( حذا حذوه‬ḥadwahū) to imitate
s.o., take after s.o., follow s.o.’s example
III to be opposite s.th. (‫ )ھـ‬face, parallel (‫ھـ‬
s.th.), run parallel (‫ ھـ‬to) VI to be opposite
each other, be parallel VIII to imitate,
copy (‫ ب‬or ‫ على‬s.o. s.th., also ‫ ھـ‬s.th.), take
or follow (‫ ب‬or ‫ على‬s.o., s.th., also ‫ ھـ‬s.th.)
as an example or model; to be shod; to
wear (‫ ھـ‬s.th.) as footgear
‫ حذو‬ḥadwa (prep.) opposite, face to face
with │‫ حذوك النعل بالنعل‬ḥadwaka n-na‘la bi-
n-na‘li in a completely identical manner,
to a T, like two peas in a pod
‫ حذاء‬ḥidā’ pl. ‫ احذية‬aḥdiya shoe; sandal
│‫ صانغ األحذية‬shoemaker
‫ حذاء‬ḥidā’a (prep.) and ‫ بحذاء‬bi-ḥidā’i
opposite, face to face with
‫ حذاء‬ḥaddā’ shoemaker, cobbler
‫‘ محاذاة )في( على‬alā (fī) muḥādāti along,
alongside of, parallel to
‫ احتذاء‬iḥtidā’ imitation, copying
‫ محاذ‬muḥādin opposite, facing
‫ حر‬ḥarra u i (ḥarr, ‫ حرارة‬ḥarāra) to be hot II to
liberate (‫ ه‬s.o.); to free, set free, 164
release (‫ ه‬s.o.); to emancipate (‫ ه‬s.o.); to
consecrate (‫ ه‬s.o.) to the service of God; to
clarify, clear up, make clear (‫ ه‬s.th.); to
formulate precisely, phrase accurately,
define exactly, pinpoint (‫ ھـ‬s.th.); to revise
(‫ ھـ‬a book); to edit, redact (‫ ھـ‬a book, a
periodical); to write, pen, indite, compose,
compile (‫ ھـ‬s.th.) V to become free; to be
freed, be liberated (‫ من‬from); to be
emancipated VIII to be kindled, be heated,
flare up
‫ حر‬ḥarr heat, warmth
‫ حر‬ḥurr pl. m. ‫ احرار‬aḥrār, pl. f. ‫حرائر‬
ḥarā’ir2 noble, free-bom; genuine (jewels,
etc.), pure, unadulterated; free; living in
freedom; freeman; independent; free
unrestrained; liberal (pol.; ‫ االحرار‬the
Liberals); frank, candid, open (‫ على‬toward
s.o.); free, available, uninvested (money)
│‫( االحتياط الحر‬ihtiyaṭī) free reserves,
unencumbered reserves; ‫ من حر ماله‬min
ḥurr mālihī with his own cash, with funds
at his disposal
‫ حرة‬ḥarra pl. -āt stony area; volcanic
country, lava field
‫ حرية‬ḥurrīya pl. -āt freedom, liberty;
independence, unrestraint, license (e.g.,
poetic) │ ‫ حرية العبادة‬ḥ. al-‘ibāda freedom
of worship; ‫ حرية الفكر‬ḥ. al-fikr freedom of
thought; ‫ حرية الكالم‬ḥ. al-kalām freedom of
speech; ‫( حرية النشر‬or ‫ )الصحافة‬ḥ. an-našr
(aṣ-ṣiḥafa) liberty of the press
‫ حرير‬ḥarīr silk; pl. ‫ حرائر‬ḥarā’ir2 (‫)حراير‬
silken wares, silks │‫( حرير صخري‬ṣaḳrī)
asbestos; ‫ حرير صناعي‬rayon
‫ حريري‬ḥarīrī silken, silky, of silk
‫ حرائري‬ḥarā’irī silken, silk- (in
compounds), of silk; silk weaver
‫ حرار‬ḥarrār ssailk weaver
‫ حرارة‬ḥarāra heat; warmth; fever heat,
fever; temperature; ardor, fervor (of
emotion), passion; eagerness, enthusiasm,
zeal; vehemence, violence, intensity;
burning (of the skin)
‫ حريرة‬ḥuraira pl. -āt calorie
‫ حراري‬ḥarārī thermal, thermic, thermo-,
heat (used attributively); caloric │‫وحدة‬
‫( حرارية‬waḥda) calorie
O ‫ حرارية‬ḥarārīya pl. -āt calorie
‫ حرور‬ḥarūr f., pl. ‫ حرائر‬ḥarā’ir2 hot-
wind
‫ حران‬ḥarrān2, f. ‫ حرى‬ḥarrā, pl. ‫حرار‬
ḥirār, ‫ حرارى‬ḥarārā thirsty; passionate,
fervent, hot (fig.) │‫( زفرة حرى‬zafra) a
fervent sigh; ‫ دموع حرى‬hot tears
‫ احر‬aḥarr2 hotter, warmer │‫على احر من‬
‫( الجمر‬jamr) on pins and needles, on
tenterhooks, in greatest suspense or
excitement
O ‫ محر‬miḥarr heating system, heating
installation
‫ تحرير‬taḥrīr liberation; release;
emancipation; record(ing), writing;
editing, redaction; editorship (of a
 newspaper, a periodical); (pl. -āt, ‫تحارير‬
taḥārīr2) piece of writing, record, brief,
document │ ‫ رئيس التحرير‬editor-in-chief;
‫ ادارة التحرير‬board of editors, editorial staff
‫ تحريري‬taḥrīrī liberational;
emancipational; liberal; recorded in
writing, written, in writing
‫ المتحاربون‬al-mutaḥāribūn the belligerents, the
‫ حار‬ḥār hot; warm; ardent, glowing,
fervent, passionate
‫ حربوشة‬ḥarbūša pl. ‫( حرابش‬ḥarābiš2 (tun.)
‫ محرور‬maḥrūr hot-tempered, hot-
headed, fiery, passionate, furious
‫ حرث‬ḥarata i u (ḥart) to plow (‫ ھـ‬the soil); to
‫ محرر‬muḥarrir pl. -ūn liberator,
emancipator; writer, clerk; editor (of a
newspaper, of a periodical)
‫ محرر‬muḥarrar consecrated to God; let
down in writing, recorded in writing,
written; booked; pl. ‫ محررات‬booking,
entries
‫ متحرر‬mutaḥarrir emancipated; an
advocate of emancipation 165
‫ حرب‬ḥariba a (ḥarab) to be furious, enraged,
angry III to fight, combat (‫ ه‬s.o.) battle,
wage war (‫ ه‬against s.o.) VI to fight (one
another), be engaged in war VIII = VI
‫( حرب‬ḥarb f., pl. ‫ حروب‬ḥurūb war, warfare;
fight, combat, battle; enemy, enemies (‫على‬
or ‫ ل‬of s.o.) │ ‫( حرب اھلية‬ahlīya) civil war;
‫( حرب صحافية‬ṣiḥāfīya) press feud; ‫الحروب‬
‫( الصليبية‬ṣalībīya) the Crusades; ‫الحرب‬
‫‘( العظمى‬uẓmā), ‫‘( الحرب العالمية‬ālamīya),
‫‘( الحرب العامة‬āmma) World War I; ‫كشفت‬
‫ الحرب عن ساقھا‬kašafat il-ḥarbu ‘an sāqihā
and ‫ قامت الحرب على ساق‬qāmat il-ḥ. ‘alā
sāqin war flared up, fierce fighting broke
out
‫ حربي‬ḥarbī warlike, bellicose,
belligerent, martial, war (adj.), military;
(pl. -ūn) warrior, soldier, military man │
‫( البوليس الحربي‬būlīs) military police
‫ حربة‬ḥarba pl. ‫ حراب‬ḥirāb lance, spear;
spearhead; bayonet, sidearm
‫ حرباء‬ḥirbā’ pl. ‫ حرابى‬ḥarābīy
chameleon (zool.)
‫ وا حرباه‬wā ḥarabāh! (exclamation of
lament) alas! goodness no! oh my!
‫ محراب‬miḥrāb pl. ‫ محارب‬maḥārib2 a
recess in a mosque indicating the direction
of prayer, prayer niche, mihrab
‫ محاربة‬muḥāraba struggle, combat,
fight, battle; warfare
‫ احتراب‬iḥtirāb mutual struggle
‫ محارب‬muḥārib warring, belligerent;
warrior, combatant, fighter; corporal (Eg.
1939)
warring parties
pastille, pill
cultivate, till (‫ ھـ‬the ground)
‫ حرث‬ḥart plowing, tilling, tillage,
cultivation of the soil; arable land, tilth;
plantation, culture
‫ حرثة‬ḥarta (n. un.) arable land, tilth
‫ حراثة‬ḥirāta cultivation of the soil,
farming, agriculture
‫ حراث‬ḥarrāt plowman
‫ محراث‬miḥrāt pl. ‫ محارث‬maḥārit2 plow
‫ حارث‬ḥārit pl. ‫ حراث‬ḥurrāt plowman │
‫ ابو الحارث‬abū l-ḥārit lion
‫ حرج‬ḥarija a (ḥaraj) to be close, tight narrow;
to be straitened, be confined, get into a
strait, be cornered, be hard pressed; to be
oppressed, be anguished (heart); to be
forbidden (‫ على‬to s.o.) to narrow, tighten,
straiten (‫ ھـ‬s.th.); to complicate (‫ ھـ‬s.th.),
make (‫ ھـ‬s.th.) difficult; to forbid (‫على ھـ‬
s.th. to s.o.); to persist (J in s.th.) IV to
narrow, straiten, confine, cramp. hamper,
impede, restrict (‫ ھـ‬s.th.); to complicate,
make difficult, aggravate, jeopardize (‫ھـ‬
situation, s.o.’s position); to embarrass (‫ه‬
s.o.); to coerce, constrain, press (‫ الى ه‬s.o.
to); to forbid (‫ على ھـ‬s.th. to s.o.) V to
refrain from sin or evildoing; to abstain,
refrain (‫ من‬from), avoid (‫ من‬s.th.); to be
cornered, be forced to the wall; to become
or be oppressed, anguished, distressed; to
become critical, become complicated or
difficult, be aggravated (situation), be
jeopardized (s.o.’s position) │‫تحرج صدره‬
‫( )من )ب‬ṣadruhū) to feel depressed by, feel
annoyed at; ‫ تحرج به الناس‬this made things
difficult for people
‫( حرج‬ḥaraj closeness, tightness,
narrowness; confinement, straitness.
 constriction, crampedness; restriction,
impediment; oppression, distress, anguish;
difficulty; critical situation; prohibition,
interdiction; s.th. forbidden, s.th.
interdicted, sin │‫( ال حرج‬ḥaraja) there is
no 166 objection; ‫ ال حرج عليك‬nothing
stands in your way, you are at liberty
‫ حرج‬ḥaraj (coll.; n. un. ‫ )ة‬pl. -āt, ‫حرج‬
ḥirāj, ‫ احراج‬aḥrāj thicket; dense forest;
woodland, timberland
‫ حرج‬ḥarij narrow, close, tight,
confined, straitened; oppressed, hard
pressed, harassed; critical (situation,
position)
‫ احرج‬aḥrāj2 narrower, closer, tighter,
more straitened; more critical
‫ حراج‬ḥarāg (eg.) auction
‫ حراجة‬ḥarāja seriousness, gravity,
difficulty, complicatedness (of a situation)
‫ حرس‬ḥarasa u (ḥars, ‫ حراسة‬ḥirāsa) to guard,
‫ تحريج‬taḥrīj forestation, afforestation
‫ حرج‬taḥarruj restraint, reserve,
aloofness; timidity, diffidence, faint-
heartedness; critical complication, gravity,
difficulty (of a situation)
‫ حرج‬muḥarrijāt: ‫ محرجات االيمان‬m. al-
aimān binding, committing, or solemn,
oaths
‫ محرج‬muḥrij disconcerting,
embarrassing
‫ متحرج‬mutaḥarrij: ‫ متحرج الصدر‬m. aṣ-
ṣadr annoyed, vexed, anguished,
oppressed
‫ حرد‬ḥarida a (ḥarad) to be annoyed,
disgruntled, angry, furious (‫ على‬at, with)
‫ حارد‬ḥārid, ‫ حرد‬ḥarid and ‫ حردان‬ḥardān
annoyed, disgruntled, angry, furious
‫ حرذون‬ḥardaun pl. ‫ حراذين‬ḥarādīn2 lizard
‫ حرز‬ḥaraza u (ḥarz) to keep, guard, protect,
preserve (‫ ھـ‬s.th.), take care (‫ ھـ‬of); --
ḥaruza u (‫ حرازة‬ḥarāza) to be strong be
strongly fortified, be impregnable IV to
keep, preserve, guard (‫ ھـ‬s.th.); to obtain,
attain, achieve, win (‫ ھـ‬s.th.) │ ‫احرز نصرا‬
‫( ))انتصارا‬naṣran) to win a victory; ‫احرز‬
‫( قصب السبق‬qaṣaba s-sabq) to come
through with flying colors, carry the day,
score a great success V to be wary (‫ من‬of),
be on one’s guard (‫ من‬against) VIII to be
wary (‫ من‬of), guard, be on one’s guard (‫من‬
against), be careful, take heed, take
precautions
‫ حرز‬pl. ‫ احراز‬aḥrāz fortified place;
refuge, sanctuary, retreat; custody; (pl.
‫ حروز‬،‫ )احراز‬amulet
‫ حريز‬ḥarīz strongly fortified, guarded;
inaccessible, impregnable
‫ احراز‬iḥrāz acquisition, acquirement,
obtainment, attainment, achievement,
winning, gaining
‫ احتراز‬iḥtirāz pl. -āt caution, wariness,
prudence, circumspection; reservation,
reserve │‫ بكل االحتراز‬with all reservation
O ‫ حارزة‬ḥāriza fuse (el.)
‫ محرز‬muḥriz obtainer, acquirer, winner,
gainer; possessor, holder (‫ على‬of s.th.)
watch, control (‫ ھـ‬،‫ ه‬s.th., s.o.); to oversee,
supervise, superintend (‫ ھـ‬،‫ ه‬s.th., s.o.); to
secure, protect, safeguard, preserve, keep (
‫ ھـ‬،‫ ه‬s.th., s.o.); to watch (‫ على‬over) V and
VIII to beware, be wary (‫ من‬of), guard, be
on one’s guard (‫ من‬against)
‫ حرس‬ḥaras watch; guard, escort;
bodyguard │‫( الحرس السيار‬sayyār) militia,
"garde mobile" (syr.) │‫ حرس الشرف‬ḥ. aš-
šaraf honor guard; ‫( الحرس الملكي‬malakī)
the royal guard (formerly Ir., Eg.); ‫الحرس‬
‫( الملوكي‬mulūkī) (formerly) bodyguard of
the Bey (Tun.); ‫( الحرس الوطني‬waṭanī) the
National Guard
‫ حراسة‬ḥirāsa guarding, watching,
control; watch, guard, guard duty;
supervision, superintendence;
guardianship, tutelage, custody, care,
protection; safe conduct, escort;
administration; administration of an estate
(jur.); sequester │‫ حراسة السواحل‬coast guard
167
‫ احتراس‬iḥtirās caution, wariness,
prudence; (pl. -āt) precaution,
precautionary measure │‫ احتراسا من‬for
protection from or against
‫ حارس‬ḥāris pl. ‫ حرسة‬ḥarasa, ‫حراس‬
ḥurrās vigilant, watchful; watchman;
sentry, sentinel, guard; overseer,
supervisor, superintendent; administrator;
 guardian, custodian, keeper, protector,
tutelary (in compounds) │‫ حارس التركة‬ḥ.
at-tirka administrator of aD estate; ‫حارس‬
‫ الخواتم‬keeper of the seal; ‫ حارس المرمى‬ḥ. al-
marmā goal keeper; ‫( حارس قضائي‬qaḍā’ī)
sequestrator, receiver (in bankruptcy, in
equity); ‫( مالك حارس‬mal’ak) guardian
angel (Chr.); ‫ حارس الليل‬ḥ. al-lail night
watchman
‫ محروس‬maḥrūs guarded, safeguarded,
secured; protected (by God; esp. used ss
an epithet after the names of cities);
‫ المحرسون‬the children, the family
‫ محترس‬muḥtaris cautious, wary, careful
‫ حرش‬ḥaraša i (ḥarš) to scratch (‫ ه‬،‫ ھـ‬s.o., s.th.)
II to instigate, prod, incite, provoke,
incense (‫ ه‬s.o.); to set (‫ بين‬people against
each other), sow discord, dissension (‫بين‬
among) V to pick a quarrel, start a brawl (
‫ ب‬with s.o.) provoke (‫ ب‬s.o.)
‫ حرش‬ḥirš, ḥurš pl. ‫ احراش‬aḥrāš, ‫حروش‬
ḥurūš forest, wood(s)
‫ حرش‬ḥariš and ‫ احرش‬aḥraš, rough,
coarse, scabrous
‫ حرش‬ḥaraš, ‫ حرشة‬ḥurša, ‫ حراشة‬ḥarāša
roughness, coarseness, scabrousness
‫ تحريش‬taḥrīš instigation, prodding,
incitement, provocation, agitation,
incensement
‫ تحرش‬taḥarruš provocation,
importunity, obtrusion, meddling,
uncalled-for interference
‫ حرشف‬ḥaršaf pl. ‫ حراشف‬ḥarāšif2 scales (of fish)
‫ حرص‬ḥaraṣa i and ḥariṣa a (ḥirṣ) to desire,
want, covet (‫ على‬s.th.); to be intent, be
bent (‫ على‬on); to strive (‫ على‬for), aspire (
‫ على‬to)
‫ حرص‬ḥirṣ greed, avidity, cupidity,
covetousness; desire; aspiration, endeavor,
wish (‫ على‬for); avarice │‫ حرصا على‬in the
desire for …, in the endeavor to …; ‫حرصا‬
‫ على االرواح‬danger! (on warning signs)
‫ حريص‬ḥarīṣ pl. ‫ حراص‬ḥirāṣ, ‫حرصاء‬
ḥuraṣā’2 covetous, greedy, avid, eager (
‫ على‬for); bent (‫ على‬on), desirous (‫ على‬of)
‫ احرص‬aḥraṣ more covetous, greedier
‫ حرض‬II to goad, prod, spur on, egg on, incite,
rouse, provoke (‫ على ه‬s.o. to s.th. or to do
s.th.); to instigate, abet, stir up, agitate (
‫ على ه‬s.o. to or against); O to induce (el.)
‫ تحريض‬taḥrīḍ incitement, provocation;
instigation, abetment, agitation (‫ على‬to);
inflammatory propaganda (‫ على‬against
s.o.); O induction (el.) │ ‫ تحريض ذاتي‬self-
induction (el.)
‫ تحريضي‬taḥrīḍī inciting, instigative,
agitative, inflammatory; provocative
‫ حارض‬ḥāriḍ bad, wicked, evil
‫ محرض‬muḥarriḍ pl. -ūn inciter, baiter;
instigator, abettor; demagogue, rabble
rouser; agitator, provocator; O inductor
(el.)
‫ متحرض‬mutaḥarriḍ O induced (el.)
‫ حرف‬II to slant, incline, make oblique (‫ھـ‬
s.th.); to bend off, up, down or back, turn
up, down or back, deflect (‫ھـ‬s.th.); to
distort, corrupt, twist, pervert,
misconstrue, falsify (‫ ھـ‬s.th.) │‫حرفه عن‬
‫‘( موضعه‬an mauḍi‘ihī) to distort the sense
of 168 s.th., rob s.th. of its true meaning V
to turn off, branch off, take a turning; to
deviate, depart, digress (‫ عن‬from); to
avoid (‫ عن‬s.th.); to be or become bent off,
distorted, corrupted, perverted VII to tum
off, branch off, ta.ke a turning; to deviate,
depart, digress, turn away (‫ عن‬from); to
slope down, slant, be inclined (terrain); to
turn (‫ الى‬to, toward); to be twisted, be
distorted; to be oblique, slanting; to be
cocked, rakish (headgear); with ‫ ب‬to make
s.th. appear oblique, slanted, or distorted;
to be corrupted, perverted │ ‫ انحرف به عن‬to
dissuade s.o. from; ‫( انحرف مزاجه‬mizājuhū)
to be indisposed, be ill VIII to do (‫ ھـ‬s.th.)
professionally, practice (‫ ھـ‬s.th.) as a
profession; to strive for success
‫ حرف‬ḥarf pl. ‫ حرف‬ḥiraf (cutting) edge
(of a knife, of a sword); sharp edge;
border, edge, rim, brink, verge; -- (pl.
‫ حروف‬ḥurūf, ‫ احرف‬aḥruf) letter; consonant;
particle (gram.); type (typ.) │‫على حرف‬
irresolute, wavering, on the fence; ‫الفاظه‬
‫ بحروفھا‬alfāẓuhū bi-ḥurūfihā his words
literally; ‫ بالحرف‬or ‫ بالحرف الواحد‬literally,
verbatim, to the letter; ‫ حرفا بحرف‬ḥarfan
bi-ḥarfin literally, word for word; ‫وقع‬
‫( باالحرف االولى‬waqqa‘a, ūlā) to initial
(e.g., ‫ معاھدة‬mu‘āhadatan a treaty); ‫الحروف‬
‫( االبجدية‬abjadīya) the alphabetic letters,
the alphabet; ‫ حروف مجموعة‬matter (typ.);
‫( الحروف الشمسية‬šamsīya) the sun letters
(i.e., sibilants, dentals, r, l, n to which the
l of the article assimilates), ‫الحروف القمرية‬
(qamarīya) the moon letters (to which the
l of the article does not assimilate); ‫حرف‬
‫ الجر‬ḥ al-jarr preposition (gram.) ‫حرف‬
‫ الخفض‬ḥ al-ḳafḍ do.; ‫ حرف التعريف‬article
(gram.); ‫ حرف العطف‬ḥ al-‘aṭf coordinating
conjunction (gram.); ‫حرف االستفھام‬
interrogative particle (gram.); ‫ حرف القسم‬ḥ.
al-qasam particle introducing oaths
(gram.)
‫ حرفي‬ḥarfī literal
‫ حرف‬ḥurf common garden pepper cress
(Lepidium sativum L.; bot.)
‫ حرفة‬ḥirfa pl. ‫ حرف‬ḥiraf profession,
occupation, vocation, business, craft, trade
‫ حريف‬ḥarīf pl. ‫ حرفاء‬ḥurafā’2 customer,
patron, client (tun.)
‫ حريف‬ḥirrīf pungent, acrid (taste); ‫حريفات‬
spicy food, delicacies
‫ حرافة‬ḥarāfa pungency, acridity (taste)
‫ تحريف‬taḥrīf pl. -āt alteration, change;
distortion; perversion, corruption, esp.
phonetic corruption of a word
‫ انحراف‬inḥirāf pl. -āt deviation,
digression; obliqueness, obliquity,
inclination, slant; declination (astrom.);
ailment, indisposition, also ‫انحراف المزاج‬
‫ احتراف‬iḥtirāf professional pursuit (of a
trade, etc.)
‫ محرف‬muḥarraf corrupted (word)
‫ منحرف‬munḥarif oblique; slanted,
slanting, sloping, inclined; distorted,
perverted, corrupted, twisted; deviating,
divergent; trapezium (geom.)
‫ محترف‬muḥtarif one gainfully employed
(‫ ب‬in), person doing s.th. (‫)ب‬
professionally; professional, a pro
(sports); professional (adj.), e.g., ‫صحافي‬
‫( محترف‬ṣiḥāfī) professional journalist;
climber, careerist
‫ محترف‬muḥtaraf pl. -āt studio, atelier
‫ حرق‬ḥaraqa i (ḥarq) to burn (‫ ھـ‬s.th.); to burn,
hurt, sting, smart │‫( حرق قلبه‬qalbahū), pl.
‫( حرق قلوبھم‬qulūbahum) to vex, exasperate
s.o.; -- u (ḥarq) to rub together (‫ ھـ‬s.th.) II
to burn (‫ ھـ‬s.th.); ‫( حرق اسنانه‬asnānahū) to
gnash one’s teeth V to burn (‫ ھـ‬s.th.); to
destroy by fire (‫ ھـ‬s.th.); to singe, scorch,
parch (‫ ھـ‬s.th.); to scald (‫ ھـ‬s.th.); to kindle,
ignite, set on fire (‫ ھـ‬s.th.) │ ‫احرق فحمة ليله‬
‫(في‬faḥmata lailihī) to spend the night
doing 169 (s.th.), burn the midnight oil
over… V to burn, be aflame, burn up, take
fire, he consumed hy fire, he burned; to be
consumed (by an emotion), pine away (‫ھـ‬
with), he pained (‫ ھـ‬by), eat one’s heart
out │‫( تحرق شوقا‬šauqan) to be overcome
with longing or nostalgia VIII to burn, be
aflame, burn up, take fire, be consumed by
fire, he burned
‫ حرق‬ḥarq burning, incineration,
combustion; kindling, igniting, setting
afire; arson, incendiarism; pl. ‫ حروق‬ḥurūq
burn (med.)
‫ حرق‬ḥaraq fire, conflagration
‫ حرقة‬ḥurqa, ḥarqa burning, incineration,
combustion; stinging, smarting, burning
(as a physical sensation); torture, torment,
agony, pain, ordeal
‫ حراق‬ḥurāq, ḥurraq tinder
‫ حراق‬ḥarrāq hurning, aflame, afire; hot
‫ حريق‬ḥarīq and ‫ حريقة‬pl. ‫ حرائق‬ḥarā’iq2
fire; conflagration
O ‫ حراقة‬ḥarrāqa torpedo
‫ حرقان‬ḥaraqān burning, stinging,
smarting (as a painful sensation; e.g., of
the feet)
O ‫ محرق‬maḥraq pl. ‫ محارق‬maḥāriq2
focus (phys.)
‫ تحاريق‬taḥārīq2 (Eg.) season of the Nile’s
lowest water level, hottest season of the
year
‫ احراق‬burning, incineration, combustion
‫ تحرق‬taḥarruq buming, combustion;
burning desire
‫ احتراق‬iḥtirāq burning, combustion; fire,
conflagration │O ‫ غرفة االحتراق‬gurfat al-i.
combustion chamber (techn.); ‫قابل االحتراق‬
qābil al-i. combustible
 ‫ حارق‬ḥāriq arsonist, incendiary
‫ محروق‬maḥrūq burned, charred,
scorched, parched; reddish, hronze-
colored; pl. ‫ محروقات‬maḥrūqāt fuel │ ‫فخار‬
‫(محروق‬faḳḳār) fired clay
‫ محرق‬muḥriq: ‫( قنبلة محرقة‬qunbula)
incendiary bomb
O ‫ محرق‬muḥraq crematory
‫ محرقة‬maḥraqa burnt sacrifice
‫ حرقد‬ḥarqada pl. ‫ حراقد‬ḥarāqid2 Adam’s apple
‫ حرقفة‬ḥarqafa pl. ‫ حراقف‬ḥarāqif2 protruding
part of the hipbone
‫ حرك‬II to move, set in motion, drive, propel,
operate (‫ ھـ‬s.th.); to march, move (‫ه‬
troops); to stir (‫ ھـ‬s.th.); to start, get
started, get underway (‫ ھـ‬s.th.); to agitate,
excite, stimulate (‫ ھـ‬s.th.); to incite,
instigate, goad, prod, provoke, actuate,
urge (‫ على ه‬s.o. to do s.th.); to awaken,
arouse, foment, stir up (‫ ھـ‬s.th.); to vowel,
vowelize (gram., ‫ ھـ‬a consonant) │‫حرك‬
‫( مشاعره‬mašā‘irahū) to grip, excite, thrill
s.o.; ‫ حرك العواطف‬to affect the feelings, be
touching, moving, pathetic; ‫ال يحرك ساكنا‬
(sākinan) he doesn’t budge, he doesn’t
hend his little finger, he remains
immobile, apathetic; ‫( حرك ساكنه‬sākinahū)
to rouse s.o., put s.o. in a state of
excitement, commotion or agitation V to
move, be in motion, stir, hudge; to start
moving, get moving; to start out, get
underway (traveler); to depart, leave
(train); to put out, to sail (fleet); to he set
in motion, be driven, be operated; to be
agitated, be excited, be stimulated; to be
awakened, be roused, be fomented, be
provoked, be caused
‫ حرك‬ḥarik lively, active, brisk, agile,
nimble
‫ حركة‬ḥaraka pl. -āt movement, motion;
commotion; physical exercise; stirring,
impulse; proceeding, procedure, policy;
action, undertaking, enterprise; military
170 operation; continuation, progress;
traffic (rail, ohipplng, otreet); movement
(as a social phenomenon); vowel (gram.)
│‫( في حركاته وسكناته‬sakanātihī) in all his
doings; in every situation; ‫حركة المرور‬
(through) traffic; ‫ حركة المراكب‬shipplng
traffic; ‫ حركة البضائع‬exchange of goods;
‫ حركة األموال‬turnover (com.); ‫الحركة النسوية‬
(niswīya) feminist movement; ‫خفيف الحركة‬
nimble, lithe, light, quick, agile, adroit;
‫ ثقيل الحركة‬slow in motion, heavy-handed,
clumsy, sluggish, lumbering, inert,
indolent
O ‫ حركي‬ḥarakī kinetic (phys.)
‫ حراك‬ḥarāk movement, motion
‫ محرك‬maḥrak path, trajectory (of a
projectile)
‫ محراك‬miḥrāk poker, fire iron
‫ تحريكي‬taḥrīkī dynamic
‫ تحرك‬taḥarruk pl. -āt movement,
motion; forward motion; start; departure;
sailing (of a fleet)
‫ حارك‬ḥārik withers
‫ محرك‬muḥarrik mover, stirrer; rouser,
inciter, fomenter, awakener, agent;
instigator; -- (pl. -M) motive, springs,
incentive, spur, motivating circumstance,
causative factor; motor, engine (tech.)
‫ متحرك‬mutaḥarrik moving, movable,
mobile; pronounced with following
vowel, voweled, vowelized (consonant;
gram.) │‫( صور متحركة‬ṣuwar) movies,
motion pictures
‫ حركث‬ḥarkata (and ‫ حركش‬ḥarkaša) to stir up,
agitate, excite, thrill
‫ حرم‬ḥaruma u, ḥarima a to be forbidden,
prohibited, interdicted, unlawful,
unpermitted (‫ على‬to s.o.); -- ḥarama i
(ḥirm, ‫ حرمان‬ḥirmān) to deprive, bereave,
dispossess, divest (‫ ھـ ه‬or ‫ من ه‬s.o. of s.th.)
take away, withdraw, withhold (‫ ھـ ه‬or ‫ھـ‬
‫ من‬or ‫ ه‬form s.o. s.th.), deny, refuse (‫ ھـ ه‬or
‫ ھـ من‬or ‫ من ه‬to s.o. s.th.); to exclude,
debar, preclude, cut off (‫ ھـ ه‬or ‫ من ه‬s.o.
from s.th.); to excommunicate (‫ ه‬s.o.) II to
declare (‫ ھـ‬s.th.) sacred, sacrosanct,
inviolable, or taboo, to taboo (‫ ھـ‬s.th.); to
declare (‫ ھـ‬s.th.) unlawful, not permissible,
forbid, interdict, proscribe (‫ ھـ‬s.th., j. to
s.o.); to render (‫ ه‬s.o.) immune or proof (
‫ من‬against), immunize (‫ من ه‬s.o. against) │
‫ حرمه على نفسه‬to deny o.s. s.th., abstain,
refrain from s.th. IV to excommunicate (‫ه‬
s.o.; Chr.); to enter into the state of ritual
consecration (esp., of a Mecca pilgrim;
see ‫ احرام‬iḥrām) V to be forbidden,
interdicted, prohibited; to be holy, sacred,
sacrosanct, inviolable VIII to honor,
revere, venerate, esteem, respect (‫ ه‬،‫ ھـ‬s.o.,
s.th.) │‫ احترم نفسه‬to be self-respecting X to
deem (‫ ھـ‬s.th.) sacrosanct, sacred, holy,
inviolable; to deem (‫ ھـ‬s.th.) unlawful or
unpermissible
‫ حرم‬ḥirm excommunication (Chr.)
‫ حرم‬ḥaram p1. ‫ احرام‬aḥrām forbidden,
prohibited, interdicted; taboo; holy,
sacred, sacrosanct; s.th. sacred, sacred
object; sacred possession; wife; sanctum,
sanctuary, sacred precinct; ‫ الحرمان‬the two
Holy Places, Mecca and Medina │‫ثالث‬
‫ الحرمين‬tālit al-ḥaramain the third Holy
Place, i.e., Jerusalem
‫ حرمة‬ḥurma pl. -āt, ḥurumāt, ḥuramāt
holiness, sacredness, sanctity,
sacrosanctity, inviolability; reverence,
veneration, esteem, deference, respect;
that which is holy, sacred, sacrosanct,
inviolable, or taboo; -- (pl. ‫ حرم‬ḥuram)
woman, lady; wife
‫ حرام‬ḥarām pl. ‫ حرم‬ḥurum forbidden,
interdicted, prohibited, unlawful; s.th.
forbidden, offense, sin; inviolable, taboo;
sacred, sacrosanct; cursed, accursed │‫ابن‬
‫ حرام‬ibn ḥ. illegitimate son, bastard; 171
‫ االراضي الحرام‬no man’s land; neutral
territory; ‫( البيت الحرام‬bait) the Kaaba; ‫الشھر‬
‫( الحرام‬šahr) the Holy Month Muharram;
‫( المسجد الحرام‬masjid) the Holy Mosque in
Mecca; ‫ حرام عليك‬you mustn’t do (say)
that! ‫ بالحرام‬illicitly, illegally, unlawfully
‫ حرام‬ḥirām pl. -āt, ‫ احرمة‬aḥrima a
woolen blanket (worn as a garment around
head and body)
‫ حريم‬ḥarīm pl. ‫ حرم‬ḥurum a sacred,
inviolable place, sanctum, sanctuary,
sacred, precinct; harem; female members
of the family, women; wife
‫ حريمي‬ḥarīmī women’s (in compounds),
for women
‫ حروم‬ḥurūm pl. -āt excommunication
(Chr.)
‫ حرامي‬ḥarāmī pl. -īya thief, robber,
bandit
‫ حرمان‬ḥirmān deprivation,
bereavement, dispossession (of s.o., ‫ من‬of
s.th.) debarment, exclusion, preclusion (‫من‬
from); excommunication (CHr.);
privation │‫ حرمان االرث‬ḥ. al-irt exclusion
from inheritance, disinheritance (Isl. Law)
‫ محرم‬maḥram pl. ‫ محارم‬maḥārim2 s.th.
forbidden. inviolable, taboo, sacrosanct,
holy, or sacred; unmarriageable, being in a
degree of consanguinity precluding
marriage (Isl. Law)
‫ محرمة‬maḥrama pl. ‫ محارم‬maḥārim2
handkerchief
‫ تحريم‬taḥrīm forbiddance, interdiction,
prohibition, ban
‫ احرام‬iḥrām state of ritual consecration
of the Mecca pilgrim (during which the
pilgrim, wearing two seamless woolen or
linen sheets, usually white, neither combs
nor shaves, and observes sexual
continence); garments of the Mecca
pilgrim
‫ احترام‬iḥtirām pl. -āt deference, respect,
regard, esteem, reverence; honoring (e.g.,
of a privilege); pl. honors, respects,
tributes
‫ محروم‬maḥrūm deprived, bereaved,
bereft (‫ من‬of); excluded, precluded,
debarred (‫ من‬from); suffering privation (as
opposed to ‫ ;)مرزوق‬excommunicated
(Chr.)
‫ محرم‬muḥarram forbidden, interdicted;
Muharram, name of the first Islamic
month; ‫ محرم الحرام‬m. al-ḥarām honorific
name of this month
‫ محرم‬muḥrim Mecca pilgrim who has
entered the state of ritual consecration (see
‫ احرام‬iḥrām)
‫ محترم‬muḥtaram honored, revered,
venerated, esteemed, respected; (in the
salutation of letters:) my dear …;
venerable, reverend; notable, remarkable,
considerable
‫ حرمل‬ḥarmal African rue (Peganum harmala
L.; bot.)
‫ حرمل‬ḥarmala pl. ‫ حرامل‬ḥarāmil2 loose
wrap worn over the shoulders (garment of
the dervishes)
‫ حرن‬ḥarana, ḥaruna u (‫ حرن‬ḥiran, ḥuran) to
be obstinate, stubborn, headstrong
‫ حرون‬ḥarūn pl. ‫ حرن‬ḥurun obstinate,
stubborn, refractory, reluctant, resistant
‫ حارون‬ḥārūn brazior
‫ حروة‬ḥarwa burning; wrath, rage; acridity,
pungency (of taste); pungent, disagreeable
odor
‫ حرى‬V to seek, pursue (‫ ھـ‬s.th.), strive (‫ ھـ‬for),
asplre (‫ ھـ‬to); to examine, investigate (‫ھـ‬
s.th.); to inquire (‫ عن‬or ‫ ھـ‬into), make
inquiries (‫ عن‬or ‫ ھـ‬about); to be intent (‫ھـ‬
on s.th.), take cars (‫ ھـ‬of s.th.), attend (‫ ھـ‬to
s.th., also ‫)في‬, look (‫ ھـ‬after s.th., also ‫;)في‬
to see to it (‫ ان‬that) 172
‫ بالحرى‬bi-l-ḥarā hardly, barely
‫ حرى‬ḥarīy pl. ‫ احرياء‬aḥriyā’ adequate,
appropriate, suitable (‫ ب‬for), worthy (‫ ب‬of
s.th.) │ ‫( حرى بالذكر‬dikr) worth
mentioning, considerable; ‫حري بالتصديق‬
credible, believable; ‫ او بالحري‬or to be
exact, or rather
‫ احرى‬aḥrā more adequate, more proper,
more appropriate │ ‫ او باالحرى‬or to tell the
truth, or more explicitly, or put more
exactly, or rather
‫ تحر‬taḥarrin pl. ‫ تحريات‬taḥarriyāt
inquiry; investigation │ ‫ شرطة التحري‬šurṭat
at-t. or ‫ مصلحة التحري‬maṣlaḥat al-t. secret
police
‫ حز‬ḥazza u (ḥazz) to notch, nick, incise, indent
(‫ في‬s.th.), make an incision, cut (‫ في‬into
s.th.) II and VIII = I
‫ حز‬ḥazz pl. ‫ حزوز‬ḥuzūz incision, notch,
nick; the right time, the nick of time
‫ حزة‬ḥazza incision, notch, nick; tim; the
right time, the nick of time; predicament,
plight
‫ حزاز‬ḥazāz head scurf, ringworm; tetter,
eruption (med.)
‫ حزازة‬ḥazāza rancor, hatred, hate
‫ محز‬maḥazz notch, nick │‫ اصاب المحز‬to
find the right solution, hit the nail on the
head, hit the mark, strike home
‫ حزب‬ḥazaba u (ḥazb) to befall (‫ ه‬s.o.), happen,
occur (‫ ه‬to s.o.) │ ‫ حزب االمر‬the matter
became serious II to rally (‫ ه‬s.o.); to form
or found a party 111 to side, take sides (‫ه‬
with), be an adherent (‫ ه‬of s.o.) V to take
sides; to form a party, make common
cause, join forces
‫ حزب‬ḥizb pl. ‫ احزاب‬aḥzāb group, troop,
band, gang; party (pol.); the 60th part of
the Koran │ ‫ ھو من احزابه‬he belongs to his
clique. he is of the ...me breed
‫ حزبي‬ḥizbī party (adj.), factional
‫ حزبية‬ḥizbīya party activities;
partisanship, partiality; factionalism
‫ حيزبون‬ḥaizabūn old hag
‫ تحزب‬taḥazzub factiousness;
factionalism
‫ حازب‬ḥāzib: ‫ حزبه حازب‬ḥazabahū ḥāzib
he met with a mishap
‫ متحزب‬mutaḥazzib partial, biased;
partisan
‫ حزر‬ḥazara i u (ḥazr, ‫ محزرة‬maḥzara) to
estimate, assess, appraise (‫ ھـ‬s.th.); to
make a rough estimate (‫ ھـ‬of s.th.), guess (
‫ ھـ‬s.th.)
‫ حزر‬ḥazr estimation, assessment,
appraisal; conjecture, guess, surmise
‫ حزورة‬ḥazūra riddle, puzzle
‫ محزرة‬maḥzara estimation, assessment,
appraisal; conjecture, guess, surmise
‫ حزيران‬ḥazīrān June (Syr., Leb., Ir., Jord.)
‫ حزقاني‬ḥuzuqqānī choleric
‫ حزوقة‬ḥazūqa, ‫ حازوقة‬ḥāzūqa hiccups
‫ حزم‬ḥazama i (ḥazm) to tie up, bundle, wrap
up, pack, do up in a package or bundle (‫ھـ‬
s.th.); to girth (‫ ھـ‬an animal); to make fast,
fasten, tie (‫ ھـ‬s.th.) │ ‫( حزم امره‬amrahū) to
take matters firmly in hand; -- ḥazuma u
(ḥazm, ‫ حزامة‬ḥazāma, ‫ حزومة‬ḥuzūma) to be
resolute, firm, stouthearted, intrepid II to
gird (‫ ه‬s.o.) V and VIII to be girded; to
gird o.s. put on a belt
‫حزم‬ḥazm packing, packaging,
wrapping; determination, resoluteness,
firmness, energy; judiciousness,
discretion, prudence
‫ حزمة‬ḥuzma pl. ‫ حزم‬ḥuzam s.th.
wrapped up or tied up, bundle, fagot,
fascine; beam of rays, radiation beam
 (phys.); bunch (of herb., etc.); sheaf;
package, parcel
‫ حزام‬ḥzām pl. -āt, ‫ احزمة‬aḥzima, ‫حزم‬
ḥuzum belt, girth; girdle; cummerbund,
173 waistband (worn over the caftan to
fasten it); sword belt │‫ حزام االمن‬ḥ. al-amn
wety belt
‫ احزم‬aḥzam2 more resolute: more
judicious
‫ حازم‬ḥāzim pl. ‫ حزمة‬ḥazama and ‫حزيم‬
ḥazīm pl. ‫ حزماء‬ḥuzamā’ resolute,
energetic; judicious, discreet, prudent
‫ حزن‬ḥazana u to make sad, sadden, grieve (‫ه‬
s.o.); -- ḥazina a (ḥuzn, ḥazan) to be sad,
grieved (‫ ل‬or ‫ على‬at or because of): to
grieve. mourn (‫ على‬over) II and IV to
make sad, sadden, grieve (‫ ه‬s.o.)
‫ حزن‬ḥuzn pl. ‫ احزان‬aḥzān sadness, grief,
sorrow, affliction
‫ حزن‬ḥazn pl. ‫ حزون‬ḥuzūn rough, rugged,
hard ground
‫ حزن‬ḥazin sad, mournful, grieved
‫ حزين‬ḥazīn pl. ‫حزناء‬ḥuzanā’2, ‫حزانى‬
ḥazānā sad; mourning (for a deceased
person); sorrowing, mournful, grieved │
‫( الجمعة الحزينة‬jum‘a) Good Friday (Chr.)
‫ حزنان‬ḥaznān2 very sad, very grieved,
worried; in mourning
□ ‫ حزايني‬ḥazāyinī (‫ حزائني‬ḥazā’inī) sad,
mournful, melancholic; mourning (in
compounds), mortuary, funereal │‫قماش‬
‫( حزايني‬qumāš) cloth for mourning
garments
‫ تحزن‬taḥazzun sadness; behavior of a
mourner
‫ محزون‬maḥzūn grieved, grief-stricken,
pained, sad, saddened
‫ محزن‬muḥzin grievous, saddening; sad;
melancholic; tragic: ‫ محزنات‬muḥzināt
grievous things │ ‫( قصة تمثيلية محزنة‬qiṣṣa
tamtīlīya) and ‫( رواية محزنة‬riwāya) tragedy
(theat.)
‫ حس‬ḥassa (1st pers. perf. ḥasastu) u (ḥass) to
curry, currycomb (‫ ھـ‬an animal); to feel,
sense (‫ ھـ‬s.th.); -- ḥassa (1st pers. perf.
ḥasistu) a to feel srry, feel sympathy or
compassion (‫ ل‬for), sympathize (‫ ل‬with),
II to grope, feel IV to perceive, sense,
experience (‫ ھـ‬or ‫ ب‬s.th.); to feel (‫ ھـ‬or ‫ب‬
s.th.); to notice (‫ ھـ‬or ‫ ب‬s.th.); to hear (‫ ھـ‬a
sound, a noise, etc.); to take notice (‫ ه‬of
s.o.) V to grope, probe (‫ ھـ‬for s.th.), finger,
handle, touch (‫ ھـ‬s.th.), run the hand (‫ھـ‬
over s.th.); to grope about, feel around: to
seek information, make inquiries (‫من‬
about); to sense, experience, perceive (،‫ھـ‬
‫ ب‬s.th.); to feel (‫ ب‬s.th.); to be affected, be
deeply touched (‫ ب‬by s.th.)
‫ حس‬ḥass sensation, perception, feeling,
sentiment
‫ حس‬ḥiss sensory perception, sensation;
feeling, sentiment; sense; voice; sound;
noise
‫ حسي‬ḥissī sensory; sensuous;
perceptible; palpable │O ‫المذھب الحسي‬
(madhab) sensationalism, sensualism
‫ حسيات‬ḥissīyāt sensations
‫ حسيس‬ḥasīs faint noise
‫ حساس‬ḥassās sensitive; sensible; readily
affected, susceptible; sensual (pleasure)
‫ حساسة‬ḥassāsa sensory organ
‫ حساسي‬ḥassāsī allergic │ ‫امراض حساسية‬
allergic diseases, allergies (med.)
‫ حساسية‬ḥassāsīya sensitivity (also
techn.); sensibility; faculty of sensory
perception; susceptibility; sensuality │
‫ مرض الحساسية‬maraḍ al-ḥ. allergy (med.)
‫ محسة‬miḥassa currycomb
‫ احساس‬iḥsās pl. -āt, ‫ احاسيس‬aḥāsīs2 feel,
feeling: sensation, sense (‫ ب‬of s.th.)
perception (‫ ب‬of s.th.); sensitivity; pl.
‫ احساسات‬feelings, sentiments │O ‫احساس‬
‫ بالنور‬sensitivity to light; O ‫شديد االحساس‬
١٧٤ highly sensitive; ‫احساس مشترك‬
(muštarak) feeling of harmony, concord,
unanimity; ‫ قلة االحساس‬qillat al-i.
insensitivity, dullness, obtuseness
O ‫ الطائفة االحساسية‬aṭ-ṭā’ifa al-iḥsāsīya
the impressionists
‫ حاسة‬ḥāssa pl. ‫ حواس‬ḥawāss2 senastion;
sense │ ‫ الحواس الخمس‬the five senses
‫ محسوس‬maḥsūs felt; sensed;
perceptible, noticeable, palpable, tangible;
appreciable, considerable (e.g., loss);
 ‫ المحسوس‬that which ill perceptible through
the senses; appearance, evidence;
‫ المحسوسات‬things perceptible through the
senses
‫ حسب‬ḥasaba u (ḥasb, ‫ حساب‬ḥisāb, ‫حسبان‬
ḥisbān, ḥusbān) to compute, reckon,
calculate; to count; to charge, debit (‫على ھـ‬
s.th. to s.o., to s.o.’s account); to credit (‫ل‬
‫ ھـ‬s.th. to s.o., to s.o.’s account) │ ‫حسب‬
‫( حسابه‬ḥisābahū) to take s.th. or s.o. into
account or into consideration, reckon with
s.th. or s.o., count on s.th. or s.o.; ‫حسابا ل‬
‫( حسب‬ḥisāban) do.; to attach importance to
s.o. or s.th.; ‫( حسب الف حساب ل‬alfa) to hove
a thousand apprehensions about …; --
ḥasiba a i (‫ حسبان‬ḥisbān, ‫ محسبا‬maḥsaba,
maḥsiba) to regard (‫ ه ه‬s.o. as), consider,
deem (‫ ه ه‬s.o. to be …); to think, believe,
suppose, assume; to consider, regard (‫من ه‬
s.o. as belonging to), count (‫ من ه‬s.o.
among); to see (‫ ھـ في‬in s.o. s.th.); --
ḥasuba u (ḥasab, ‫ حسابة‬ḥasāba) to be of
noble origin, be highborn; to be highly
esteemed, be valued III to settle an
account, get even (with s.o.); to call (‫ه‬
s.o.) to account, ask (‫ ه‬s.o.) for an
accounting; to hold (‫ ه‬s.o.) responsible,
make (‫ ه‬s.o.) answerable │ ‫حاسب على نفسه‬
to be careful, be on one’s guard V to be
careful, be on one’s guard; to take
precautions; to seek to know, try to find
out (‫ ھـ‬s.th.) VI to settle a mutual account
VIII to debit or credit; to take into
account, take into consideration (‫ ب‬or ‫ھـ‬
s.th.); to reckon (‫ ب‬or ‫ ھـ‬with); (to
anticipate a reward in the hereafter by
adding a pious deed to one’s account with
God -- such as resigning in God’s will at
the death of a relative; hence:) ‫احتسب ولدا‬
waladan) to give a son, be bereaved of a
son; ‫ احتسب عند ﷲ الشيء‬to sacrifice s.th. in
anticipation of God’s reward in the
hereafter; to charge (‫ على ھـ‬s.th. for); to
think, believe, suppose; to take (‫ ه ه‬s.o. for
or to be …); to be content, content o.s.(‫ب‬
with); to disapprove (‫ على ھـ‬s.th. in s.o.),
take exception (‫ على ھـ‬to s.th. in s.o.),
reject (‫ على ھـ‬s.th. in s.o.); to call (‫ على‬s.o.)
to account, ask (‫ على‬s.o.) for an accounting
‫ حسب‬ḥasb reckoning, computing,
calculation; thinking, opinion, view;
sufficiency │‫ حسبك )بحسبك( درھم‬ḥasbuka
(bi-ḥasbika) dirhamun one dirham is
enough for you; ‫ حسبك ان‬it suffices to say
that …; you know enough when you hear
that …; you need only ... ; ‫بحسبك مقنعا ان‬
(muqni‘an) it will be enough to convince
you if …; ‫( وحسبك بھذا كله شرا‬bi-hādā
kullihī šarran) but enough of all these
negative aspect! ‫ فحسب‬fa-ḥasb and that’s
all, and no more, only (interchangeable
with ‫)فقط‬
‫ حسبي‬ḥasbī ‫( مجلس حسبي‬majlis) pl. ‫مجالس‬
‫ حسبية‬guardianship court, probate court
(Eg.)
‫ حسب‬ḥasab pl. ‫ احساب‬aḥsāb measure,
extent, degree, quantity, amount; value;
esteem, high regard enjoyed by s.o.; noble
descent; ḥasaba (prep.), ‫ بحسب‬bi-ḥasabi
and ‫‘ على حسب‬alā ḥasabi according to, in
accordance with, commensurate with,
depending on
‫ حسبما‬ḥasbamā (conj.) according to
what ... , as, depending on how … │‫حسبما‬
‫( اتفق‬ttafaqa) as chance will have it
‫ حسبة‬arithmetical problem, sum 175
‫ حسيب‬ḥasīb pl. ‫ حسباء‬ḥusabā’2
respected, esteemed; noble, of noble birth,
highborn
‫ حسبان‬ḥusbān calculation, reckoning,
accounnting; computation │‫كان في الحسبان‬
to be taken into account, be taken into
consideration; to be expected, be
anticipated; ‫ كان في الحسبان ان‬it was
expected that ... ; ‫ حسباني ان‬I expect that …
‫ حساب‬ḥisāb arithmetic, reckoning,
calculus; computation; calculation,
estimation, appraisal; accounting,
settlement; consideration,
consideratedness; caution; -- (pl. -āt) bill,
invoice; statement of costs (bank)
account; pl. ‫ حسابات‬bookkeeping │‫حساب‬
‫ الجمل‬ḥ. al-jummal (al-jumal) use of the
alphabetic letters according to their
numerical value; ‫‘ علم الحساب‬ilm al-ḥ.
arithmetic; ‫ حساب التفاضل‬ḥ. al-tafāḍul
differential calculus; ‫ حساب التكامل‬ḥ. at-
takāmul integral calculus; ‫ كان في حسابه‬he
reckoned with it, he expected it, he was
prepared for it; ‫ عمل حسابا له‬to take s.o. or
s.th. into consideration; to reckon with s.o.
or s.th.; ‫( الحساب الختامي‬ḳitāmī) and ‫حساب‬
 ‫( نھائي‬nihā’ī) final statement of account,
final accounting; ‫( دعاه الى الحساب‬da‘āhū) he
called him to account; ‫ يوم الحساب‬yaum al-
ḥ. the Day of Reckoning, Judgment Day;
‫ اقام حسابا ل‬to render account to s.o.; ‫بال‬
‫ حساب‬without limit or bounds, to excess, to
an unlimited extent; ‫ من غير حساب‬blindly,
without forethought, at random; ‫لحساب فالن‬
to s.o.’s credit, to s.o.’s advantage; ‫على‬
‫ حساب فالن‬to s.o.’s debit, at s.o.’s expense,
to s.o.’s disadvantage; ‫لقي سوء الحساب‬
laqiya sū’a 1-ḥ. he got a raw deal, he was
in for it; ‫( حساب جار‬jārin) current account;
‫ حسابات صندوق التوفير‬ḥ. ṣundūq at-taufīr
savings-bank accounts; ‫حساب موقوف‬
blocked account; ‫ حسابات دوبية‬double-entry
bookkeeping; ‫( الحساب الشرقي‬šarqī) the
Julian calendar; ‫( الحساب الغربي‬garbī) the
Gregorian calendar
‫ حسابي‬ḥisābī arithmetical, mathematical,
computational
‫ محاسبة‬muḥāsaba pl. -āt accounting;
clearing (com.); bookkeeping; request for
accounting; examination of conscience
(theol.) │‫ قسم المحاسبة‬qism al-m. accounting
department, comptroller’s office; clearing
house
‫ احتساب‬iḥtisāb computation; calculation,
consideration, reflection; debiting;
crediting; valuation; contentedness,
satisfaction
‫ حاسب‬ḥāsib counter, reckoner,
arithmetician, calculator, computer
‫ محسوب‬maḥsūb pl. -ūn, ‫ محاسب‬maḥāsib2
protégé, pet, favorite; obedient,
subservient (‫ على‬to s.o.)
‫ محسوبية‬maḥsūbīya esteem enjoyed by
s.o., position of distinction; patronage,
favored position, favoritism
‫ محاسب‬muḥāsib, ‫ محاسبجي‬muḥāsibgī
(eg.) accountant, bookkeeper; comptroller,
auditor
‫ محتسب‬muḥtasab that for which one can
expect reward in the hereafter (e.g.,
suffering, loss, etc.)
‫ حسد‬ḥasada u (ḥasad) to envy, grudge (‫ ه‬s.o.,
‫ على‬or ‫ ھـ‬s.th.), be envious (‫ ه‬of s.o., ‫ على‬or
‫ ھـ‬because of s.th.) VI to envy each other
‫ حسد‬ḥasad envy
‫ حسود‬pl. ‫ حسد‬ḥusud envious
‫ تحاسد‬taḥāsud mutual envy
‫ حاسد‬pl. ‫ حساد‬ḥussād, ‫ حسدة‬ḥasada
envious; envier, grudger
‫ محسود‬maḥsūd envied; smitten by the
evil eye
‫ حسر‬ḥasara u i (ḥasr) to pull away or off,
remove (‫ عن ھـ‬s.th., a cover, a veil, from);
to uncover, lay bare, unveil (‫ عن‬s.th.); --
(ḥusūr) to become dim (sight); -- ḥasira a
((ḥasar, ‫ حسرة‬ḥasra) to regret (‫ على‬s.th.),
be grieved, be pained (‫ على‬by 176 s.th.); to
sigh (‫ على‬over s.th.); -- ḥasara i, ḥasira a
(ḥasar) to become tired, fatigued II to
fatigue, tire, weaken, sap (‫ ه‬s.o.); to
grieve, sadden (‫ ه‬s.o.), cause pain or grief
(‫ ه‬to s.o.); to remove (‫ ھـ‬a cover, ‫ عن‬from),
lay bare, unveil (‫ عن‬s.th.) V to be
distressed, be pained, be grieved (‫ على‬by);
to sigh (‫ على‬over) VII to be pulled away or
off, be removed (‫ عن‬from); to be rolled up.
be turned back (sleeve, ‫ عن‬from the arm);
to disappear suddenly (‫ عن‬from)
‫ حسر‬ḥasar fatigue, debility, weakness
│‫ حسر البصر‬ḥ. al-baṣar nearsightedness,
myopia
‫ حسر‬ḥasir grieved, sad; fatigued,
languid, weary, tired
‫ حسر‬ḥasra pl. ḥasarāt grief, sorrow,
pain, distress, affliction; sigh │‫ يا للحسرة‬yā
la-l-ḥasrati alas! Unfortunately! ‫يا حسرتي‬
yā ḥasratī and ‫ وا حسرتاه‬wā ḥasratāh what
a pity! too bad!
‫ حسير‬ḥasīr pl. ‫ حسرى‬ḥasrā tired, weary,
fatigued, exhausted; dim, dull (eye),
nearsighted │‫ حسير البصر‬ḥ. al-baṣar
nearsighted, myopic
‫ حسور‬ḥasūr nearsightedness, myopia
‫ حسران‬ḥasrān regretful, sorry, sad,
distressed, grieved
‫ تحسر‬taḥassur sighing; regret
‫ حاسر‬ḥāsir pl. ‫ حواسر‬ḥawāsir2 bared,
denuded │ ‫ حاسر البصر‬ḥ. al-baṣar
nearsighted, myopic; ‫ حاسر الرأس‬ḥ. ar-ra’s
bareheaded, hatless
‫ حسك‬ḥasak (coll.; n. un. ‫ )ة‬thorns, spines;
spikes, pricks; fish bones; awns, beard
 (bot.); name of several prickly herbs, esp.
of the genus Tribulus
‫ حسكي‬ḥasakī thorny, prickly, spiny
‫ حسم‬ḥasama i (ḥasm) to cut, sever, cut off (‫ھـ‬
s.th.); to finish, complete, terminate (‫ھـ‬
s.th.); to decide (‫ ھـ‬a question); to settle (‫ھـ‬
an argument); to deduct, discount (‫ ھـ‬an
amount from a sum of money) VII to be
severed, be cut off; to be finished, be
completed, be terminated; to be settled
(argument)
‫ حسم‬ḥasm finishing, completion,
termination; decision; settling, settlement
(of an argument); discontinuance,
shutdown, closing down; deduction,
discounting (of an amount)
‫ حسام‬ḥusām sword, sword edge
‫ حسوم‬ḥasūm fatal, trying, grueling (pl.;
days, nights, also years)
‫ حاسم‬ḥāsim decisive; final, peremptory,
conclusive, definite, definitive
‫ حسن‬ḥasana u (ḥusn) to be handsome,
beautiful, lovely, nice, fine, good; to be
expedient, advisable, suitable, proper,
fitting; to be in a proper state, be in a
desirable condition │‫ ان حسن لديك‬in ḥ.
ladaika if you like it, if it seems all right
to you; ‫ يحسن بك ان‬it is to your advantage
that you ... ; you ought to …; ‫حسن استعداده ل‬
he was all willing to … II to beautify,
embellish (‫ ھـ‬s.th.); to adorn, decorate (‫ھـ‬
s.th.); to improve, put into better form,
ameliorate, better (‫ ھـ‬s.th.); to make a
better presentation (‫ ھـ‬of s.th.); to present
in a favorable light, depict as nice or
desirable (‫ ل ھـ‬s.th. to s.o.; to sugar-coat,
make more palatable (‫ ھـ‬s.th. unpleasant,
s.th. disadvantageous) III to treat (‫ ه‬s.o.)
with kindliness IV to do right, act well; to
do (‫ ھـ‬s.th), well, expertly, nicely; to know
(‫ ھـ‬how to do s.th.), be able (‫ ھـ‬to do s.th.);
to master (‫ ھـ‬s.th.), have command (‫ ھـ‬of
s.th.), be proficient (‫ ھـ‬in s.th.; a language,
an art, a handicraft, etc.), be conversant (‫ھـ‬
with s.th.); to do good, be charitable; to do
favors, do good (‫ الى‬or ‫ ب‬to s.o.), do (‫ ب‬or
‫ ب‬s.o.) a good turn, be nice, friendly (‫الى‬
or ‫ ب‬to s.o.); to give 177 alms, give charity
(‫ الى‬to s.o.) │‫ ما احسنه‬mā aḥsanahū how
good he is! how handsome he is! ‫احسنت‬
aḥsanta well done! bravo! ‫احسن االلمانية‬
(almānīya) to master the German language,
know German well; ‫ احسن التسديد‬to aim well
or accurately; ‫( احسن مشورته‬mašūratahū) to
give good advice; ‫( احسن الظن ب‬ẓanna) to
have a good opinion of ... , judge s.th.
favorably; ‫( احسن معاملته‬mu‘āmalatahū) to
treat s.o. well V to become nicer, more
handsome, more beautiful; to improve,
ameliorate, get better X to deem (‫ ھـ‬s.th.)
nice, etc., or good; to regard (‫ ھـ‬s.th.) as
right, advisable or appropriate; to approve (
‫ ھـ‬of s.th.), sanction, condone (‫ ھـ‬s.th.); to
come to like, to appreciate (‫ ھـ‬s.th.), find
pleasure (‫ ھـ‬in s.th.); also = IV: ‫استحسن‬
‫( االنجليزية‬ingilīzīya) to know English well;
pass. ustuḥsina to be good, commendable,
advisable
‫ حسن‬ḥusn beauty, handsomeness,
prettiness, loveliness; excellence,
superiority, perfection │‫لحسن الحظ‬
fortunately; ‫ حسن السلوك‬good manners, good
behavior; good conduct; ‫( حسن السير والسلوك‬ḥ.
as-sair) an irreproachable life; ‫حسن التصرف‬
ḥ. al-taṣarruf discretion, individual
judgment; ‫ حسن الظن‬good opinion, favorable
judgment; ‫ حسن التعبير‬euphemism; ‫حسن القصد‬
‫ ))النية‬ḥ. al-qaṣd (an-nīya) good intention,
good will, good faith; ‫ حسن يوسف‬ḥ. yūsuf
beauty spot, patch; ‫ ست الحسن‬a kind of
bindweed (Convolvulus cairicus L.; bot.);
deadly nightshade, belladonna
‫ حسن‬ḥasan pl. ‫ حسان‬ḥisān beautiful,
handsome, lovely; pretty, nice; good,
agreeable; excellent, superior, exquisite;
‫ حسنا‬ḥasanan well, splendidly, excellently,
beautifully; ‫ الحسان‬the ladies; -- high sandhill
‫ الحسنيون‬al-ḥasanīyūn the Hasanides, the
descendants of ḥasan, son of ‘Alī and
Fāṭima
‫ احسن‬aḥsan2 pl. ‫ احاسن‬aḥāsin2 better;
nicer, lovelier, more beautiful; more
excellent, more splendid, more admirable│
he is better off than
they are; (bi-llatī) in a
friendly manner, amicably, with kindness
‫ حسناء‬ḥasnā’2 pl. ‫ حسان‬ḥisān (of a woman)
beautiful, a beauty, a belle
‫ الحسنى‬al-ḥusnā pl. -āt (f. of ‫ االحسن‬al-
aḥsan) the best outcome, the happy ending;
fair means, amicable manner │‫بالحسنى‬
amicably, by fair means, in a friendly
 manner; ‫( االسماء الحسنى‬asmā’) the 99
attributes of God
‫ حسنة‬ḥasana pl. -āt good deed,
benefaction; charity, alms; pl. ‫حسنات‬
advantages, merits
‫ حسون‬ḥassūn pl. ‫ حساسين‬ḥasāsīn2 gold-
finch
‫ محسنة‬maḥsana s.th. nice, s.th. good;
advantage; pl. ‫ محاسن‬maḥāsin2 beauties,
charms, attractions, merits, advantages,
good qualities
‫ تحسين‬taḥsīn beautification,
embellishment; improvement, amelioration,
betterment; processing, refining, finishing;
(pl. ‫ تحاسين‬taḥāsīn) ornament, decoration
│O ‫ تحسين النسل‬t. an-nasl eugenics
‫ محاسنة‬muḥāsana friendly treatment,
kindliness amicability
‫ احسان‬iḥsān beneficence. charity,
almsgiving, performance of good deeds
‫ تحسن‬taḥassun improvement,
amelioration │‫ في التحسن‬on the way to
recovery
‫ استحسان‬istiḥsān approval, consent;
acclaim; discretion; application of discretion
in a legal decision (Isl. Law)
‫ محسن‬muḥassin embellisher, beautifier,
improver; pl. ‫ محسنات‬muḥassināt cosmetics
‫ محسن‬muḥsin beneficent, charitable
‫ مستحسن‬mustaḥsan approved,
commendable; pleasant, agreeable 178
(‫ حسو( حسا‬ḥasā u (ḥasw), V and VIII to drink, sip
(‫ ھـ‬s.th.)
‫ حسو‬ḥasw and ‫ حساء‬ḥasā’ soup, broth
‫ حسوة‬ḥaswa pl. ḥasawāt a sip
‫ حسوة‬ḥuswa pl. ḥusuwāt, ḥusawāt, ‫احسية‬
aḥasiya a sip, small quantity of liquid; soup,
broth; bouillon
‫ حش‬ḥašša u (ḥašš) to mow, cut (‫ ھـ‬s.th.) II to
smoke hashish
‫ حشيش‬ḥašīš (coll.) pl. ‫حشائش‬hāšā’iš2
herbs, grasses; weeds; hay; hemp (Cannabis
sativa L.; bot.), hashish, Cannabis; stillborn
child │ ‫ حشيش الدينار‬ḥ. ad-dīnār hops
‫ حشيشة‬ḥašīša (n. un.) herb
‫ حشاش‬ḥaššāš pl. -ūn smoker or chewer of
hashish. hashish addict
‫ حشاش‬ḥuššāš, ‫ حشاشة‬ḥušāša last breath,
last spark of life
‫ حشيشي‬ḥašīšī (eg.) sap-green, reseda-
colored
‫ محش‬miḥašš, ‫ محشة‬miḥašša pl. ‫محاش‬
maḥāšš2 sickle, scythe; fire iron, poker
‫ محشة‬miḥašša pl. -āt (eg.) tool for
weeding, weeder
‫ محشش‬maḥšaš, ‫ محشش خانة‬m. ḳāna hashish
den
‫ محششة‬pl. ‫ محاشش‬maḳāšiš2 hashish den
‫ حشد‬ḥašada i u (ḥašd) to gather, concentrate,
mass (‫ ه‬esp. troops), call up, mobilize (‫ ه‬an
army); to pile up, store up, accumulate (‫ھـ‬
s.th., ‫ الى‬at a place) II to amass, accumulate (
‫ ھـ‬s.th.), mass, concentrate (‫ ه‬esp. troops) V
and VIII to rally, come together, assemble,
gather, crowd together, throng together; to
be concentrated, be massed (troops); to fall
into line (troops)
‫ حشد‬ḥašd pl. ‫ حشود‬ḥušūd assembling, rallying;
gathering, assembly, crowd, throng;
concentration, massing (esp. of troops);
mobilization. calling up (of an army)
‫ حشد‬taḥaššud pl. -āt concentration (of
troops)
‫ احتشاد‬iḥtišād pl. -āt gathering, crowd;
concentration (of troops)
‫ حشيد‬numerous (of an assembly),
crowded (of a public demonstration)
O ‫ حاشدة‬ḥāšida battery (el.)
‫ حشر‬ḥašara i u (ḥašr) to gather, assemble, rally (
‫ ه‬people); to cram, crowd, pack, jam
(together); to squeeze. press, force, stuff,
tuck (‫ بين‬or ‫ في ھـ‬s.th. into)
‫ يوم الحشر‬yaum al-ḥašr the day of
congregation (of the dead), the Day of
resurrection
‫ حشرة‬ḥašara pl. -āt insect; pl. vermin,
insect pests │ ‫‘ علم الحشرات‬ilm al-ḥ.
entomology
‫ حشري‬ḥašarī insectile, insectival, insect-
(in compounds); entomologic(al)
‫ حشرج‬ḥašraja and II taḥašraja to rattle in the
throat
‫ حشرجة‬ḥašraja rattling, rattle in the throat
‫ حشف‬V to be dressed shabbily, dress slovenly
 ‫ حشف‬ḥašaf dates of inferior quality
‫ حشفة‬ḥašafa glans (penis; anat.)
‫ حشك‬ḥašaka i (ḥašk) to cram, jam, squeeze, stuff
(‫ في ھـ‬s.th. into)
‫ حشم‬ḥašama i (ḥašm) to shame, put to shame (‫ه‬
s.o.) 11 and IV do. V and VIII to be
ashamed to face s.o. (‫ من‬or ‫ ;)عن‬to be
reticent, modest, shy, bashful, diffident
‫ حشم‬ḥašam servants, retinue, entourage,
suite
‫ حشمة‬ḥišma shame, bashfulness, timidity,
diffidence; modesty; decency, decorum 179
‫ حشيم‬ḥašīm pl. ‫ حشماء‬ḥušamā’2 modest,
timid, bashful, shy, diffident
‫ محاشم‬maḥāšim2 pubes, genitals
‫ تحشم‬taḥaššum and ‫ احتشام‬iḥtišām shame,
shyness, modesty, reticent, decency,
decorum
‫ محتشم‬muḥtašim shy, bashful; modest,
reticent, decent, decorous
‫ )حشا )حشو‬ḥaša u (ḥašw) to stuff, fill, dress (‫ب ھـ‬
s.th. with; esp. fowl, etc.); to fill in (‫ ھـ‬s.th.);
to load (‫ ھـ‬a firearm; ‫ ھـ ھـ‬s.th. with, e.g., a
camera); to fill (‫ ھـ‬a tooth); to insert (‫ ھـ‬s.th.)
11 to interpalate (‫ ھـ‬s.th.); to insert (‫ ھـ‬s.th.);
to provide (‫ ھـ‬s.th.) with a margin; to hem (
‫ ھـ‬a dress); to supply (‫ ھـ‬a book) with
marginal notes or glosses III to except,
exclude (‫ من ه‬s.o. from) V to keep away,
stand aloof, abstain (‫ من ه‬from), avoid, shun
(‫ من‬s.th.), beware (‫ من‬of), be on one’s guard
(‫ من‬against) VI to keep away, abstain (‫ عن‬or
‫ من‬from), beware (‫ ھـ‬or ‫ عن‬or ‫ من‬of), avoid,
shun (‫ ھـ‬or ‫ عن‬or ‫ من‬s.th.)
‫ حشو‬ḥašw that with which s.th. is stuffed
or filled; dressing, stuffing (of fowl, .to.);
filling (of tooth); insertion; (gram.)
‫ حصالبان‬see ‫حصى‬
parenthesis; interpolation
‫ حصب‬ḥaṣaba i u to cover or strew with pebbles
‫ حشو‬ḥašwa pl. -āt filling, stuffing
or gravel (‫ ھـ‬ground); to macadamize (‫ھـ‬
(cushion, cookery, etc.); load (of a
ground), metal (‫ ھـ‬a road); -- ḥaṣiba a and
cartridge), charge (of a min.); panel, inlay,
pass. ḥuṣiba to have the measle II to cover
inserted piece (in paneling, in a door)
or strew with pebbles or gravel (‫ ھـ‬ground);
‫ حشا‬ḥašan pl. ‫ احشاء‬aḥšā’ bowels,
intestines; interior, inside │‫ في احشاء‬in the
interior of, within, in
‫ حشى‬ḥašan = ‫ حشا‬ḥašan
‫ حشية‬ḥašīya pl. –āt, ‫ حشايا‬ḥašāyā cushion,
pillow; mattress
‫ حاشا‬ḥāšā (with genit., acc. or ‫ )ل‬except,
save │ ‫ حاشا‬، ‫ حاشى‬God forbid! ‫حاشا لك ان‬
far be it from you that you ...; ‫ حاش لك‬، ‫حاش‬
(ḥāša) = ١٨٠ ‫ حاشا لك‬، ‫حاشا‬
‫ تحشية‬taḥšya insertion; interpolation
‫ تحاش‬taḥāšin avoidance
‫ حاشية‬ḥāšiya pl. ‫ حواش‬ḥawāšin border;
seam, hem; edge; margin (of a book);
marginal gives; marginal notes;
commentary on certain words and passages
of a book, supercommentary; footnote;
postscript; retinue, entourage, suite,
servants; dependents; pl. ‫ حواش‬critical
apparatus │ ‫ رقيق الحاشية‬and ‫ رقيق الحواشي‬nice,
polite, courteous, gracious, amiable, kindly,
friendly; ‫ رقة الحھشية‬riqqat al-ḥāš. niceness,
amiability, graciousness
‫ محشو‬maḥšūw filled, dressed; stuffed;
loaded (firearm); pl. ‫ محشوات‬maḥšūwāt
filled, or stuffed, dishes
‫ محشي‬maḥšīy filled, stuffed (esp. food);
s.th. filled or stuffed
‫ حص‬ḥaṣṣa u to fall as a share (‫ ه‬to s.o.) III to
share (‫ ه ھـ‬s.th. with s.o.) IV to allot s.o. (‫)ه‬
his share
‫ حص‬ḥuṣṣ saffron
‫ حصة‬ḥiṣṣa pl. ‫ حصص‬ḥiṣaṣ share, portion,
allotment; share (fin.); contingent, quota;
span of time; lesson, class period │ ‫حصة في‬
‫الربح‬ḥ. fī r-rabḥ dividend (fin.); O ‫حصة‬
‫ التأسيس‬founders’ share; O ‫ نظام الحصص‬quota
system, apportionment; ‫ في حصة وجيزة‬in a
short time
‫ تحصيص‬taḥṣīṣ quota system,
apportionment
‫ محاصة‬muḥāṣṣa allotment; sharing (with
s.o.), partaking, participation
to macadamize (‫ ھـ‬ground), metal (‫ ھـ‬a road)
180
‫ حصب‬ḥaṣab road metal, crushed rock,
ballast
‫ حصب‬ḥaṣbā’2 (coll.) pebbles; gravel
‫ حصب‬ḥaṣba measles (med.)
 ‫ حاصبة‬ḥāṣiba storm, hurricane
‫ حصحص‬ḥaṣḥaṣa to be or become clear, plain,
manifest; to come to light (truth)
‫ حصد‬ḥaṣada i u (ḥaṣd, ‫ حصاد‬ḥaṣad, ḥiṣad) to
harvest, reap (‫ ھـ‬s.th.); to mow (‫ ھـ‬s.th.) IV,
VIII and X to be ripe
‫ حصد‬ḥaṣd and ‫ حصاد‬ḥiṣād harvesting,
reaping, harvest; ‫ حصاد‬harvest time
‫ حصيد‬ḥaṣid, ‫ حصيدة‬ḥaṣīda pl. ‫حصائد‬
ḥaṣā’id2 crop, harvest yield │ ‫قائم وحصيد‬
everything without exception
‫ حصاد‬ḥaṣṣād reaper; harvester
‫ محصد‬miḥṣad pl. ‫ محاصد‬maḥāṣid2 sickle
O ‫ حصادة‬ḥaṣṣāda and O ‫ محصدة‬miḥṣada
mowing machine, mower │ O ‫حصادة دراسة‬
(darrāsa) combine
‫ حاصد‬ḥāṣid reaper
O ‫ حاصدة‬ḥāṣid mowing machine, mower
‫ محصود‬maḥṣūd harvested, reaped, mown
‫ محصد‬muḥṣid and mustaḥṣid ripe
‫ حصر‬ḥaṣara i u (ḥaṣr) to surround, encircle,
encompass, ring (‫ ھـ‬s.th.); to enclose (‫ھـ‬
s.th.); to parenthesize (‫ ھـ‬a word); to
blockade (‫ ه‬،‫ ھـ‬s.o., s.th.); to besiege,
beleaguer (‫ ه‬،‫ ھـ‬s.o., s.th.); to detain, deter,
restrain, contain, hold back (‫ ه‬s.o.); to limit,
restrict (‫ في ھـ‬or ‫ ب‬s.th. to); to condense,
reduce in scope (‫ ھـ‬s.th.); to narrow down,
confine (‫ في ھـ‬s.th. to, also a suspicion to
s.o.); to bring together, compile, arrange (‫في‬
‫ ھـ‬s.th. under a rubric); to enter (‫ في ھـ‬s.th. in
a list); to put together, set up, list, enumerate
(‫ ھـ‬s.th.); to comprise, contain, include,
involve (‫ ھـ‬s.th.); -- ḥaṣira a (ḥaṣar) to be in
a fix, be in a dilemma III to encircle,
surround (‫ ه‬،‫ ھـ‬s.o., s.th.); to shut off,
seclude (‫ ه‬،‫ ھـ‬s.o., s.th.); to block (‫ ھـ‬s.th.); to
beleaguer, besiege (‫ ه‬،‫ ھـ‬s.o., s.th.); to
blockade (‫ ه‬،‫ ھـ‬s.o., s.th.); to detain, deter,
restrain (‫ ه‬s.o.) VII to be straitened,
confined, narrowed in; to be or become
restricted, limited (‫ ب‬or ‫ في‬to); to limit o.s. (
‫ ب‬or ‫ في‬to); to be condensed (‫ في‬to), be
concentrated (‫ في‬in); to be or become united
(e.g., ‫ تحت حكمه‬under s.o.’s rule); to be
reducible (‫ في‬to), be expressible (‫ في‬in terms
of), consist (‫ في‬in)
‫ حصر‬ḥaṣr encirclement, encompassment,
enclosure, corralling; parenthesizing;
blocking, blockading, beleaguering, siege;
detention, determent; restraint, retention,
containment, check; limitation, restriction,
confinement ~ narrowing; gathering,
collecting (of s.th. scattered), compilation;
enumeration, listing, counting, computing;
centralization, concentration; (tobacco)
monopoly │ ‫ بالحصر‬strictly speaking; ‫على‬
‫ سبيل الحصرحصر‬exhaustively; ‫ حصر التموين‬ḥ.
al-tamwīn rationing; ‫‘ عالمة الحصر‬alāmat al-
ḥ. parentheses, brackets (typ.); ‫ال يدخل تحت‬
‫( الحصر‬yadḳulu) or ‫( ال حصر له‬ḥaṣra)
boundless, infinite, immeasurable,
innumerable; ‫ يفوق الحصر‬yafūqu al-ḥaṣra
do.; O ‫ اجازة الحصر‬ijāzat al-ḥ. patent on an
invention; ‫ ادارة حصر التبغ والتنباك‬idārat ḥ. at-
tibg wa-t-tumbāk Government Tobacco
Monopoly (Syr.)
‫ حصر‬ḥuṣr retention (of urine);
constipation
‫ حصر‬ḥaṣar dyslogia, inability to express
o.s. effectively
‫ حصير‬ḥaṣīr pl. ‫ حصر‬ḥuṣur mat
‫ حصيرة‬ḥaṣīra pl. ‫ حصائر‬ḥaṣā’ir2 mat
‫ حصار‬ḥiṣār block, blockage, barrier;
blockade; siege 181
‫ محاصرة‬muḥāṣara block, blockage,
barrier; blockade; siege
‫ انحصار‬inḥiṣār restrictedness, limitation,
confinement; (tobacco) monopoly
‫ محصور‬maḥṣūr blocked, blockaded;
beleaguered, besieged; limited, restricted,
confined (‫ في‬to); narrow
‫ حصرم‬ḥiṣrim (coll.; n. un. ‫ )ة‬unripe and sour
grapes (syr.)
‫ حصف‬ḥaṣufa u (‫ حصف‬ḥaṣāfa) to have sound
judgment, be judicious, discriminating
‫ حصف‬ḥaṣif endowed with sound
judgment, judicious, discriminating
‫ حصيف‬ḥaṣīf endowed with sound
judgment, judicious, discriminating
‫ حصافة‬ḥaṣāfa sound judgment,
judiciousness
‫ حصل‬ḥaṣala u (‫ حصول‬ḥuṣūl) to set in; to be
there, be existent, extant; to arise, come
about; to result, come out; to happen, occur,
transpire, come to pass, take place; to
happen, occur (‫ ل‬to s.o.), come (‫ ل‬upon
s.o.), befall, overtake (‫ ل‬s.o.); to originate,
emanate, derive, stem (‫ من‬from), be caused,
be produced (‫ من‬by); to attain, obtain, get,
receive, achieve (‫ على‬s.th.), win (‫ على‬s.o. or
s.th.); to come into possession (‫ على‬of s.th.);
to seek (‫ على‬a permit), apply (‫ على‬for a
permit); to collect, recover (‫ على‬a debt), call
in (‫ على‬funds); to receive. take in (‫ على‬s.th.)
II to cause s.th. (‫ )ھـ‬to happen or set in; to
attain. obtain (‫ ھـ‬s.th.); to acquire (‫ ھـ‬s.th.,
also knowledge); to infer, deduce (‫ ھـ‬s.th.);
to collect (‫ ھـ‬a fee, fare, etc.), levy (‫ ھـ‬taxes,
fees, etc.), call in (‫ ھـ‬money); to summarize,
sum up (‫ ھـ‬s.th.) V to result (‫ من‬from), come
out (sum); to be obtained, be attained; to be
raised, be levied, be required. be demanded;
to be taken in, come in (fees, taxes, funds);
to be collected (taxes); to procure for o.s.,
get (‫ على‬s.th.); to attain, receive, obtain (‫على‬
s.th.); to acquire (‫ على‬s.th.); to collect (‫على‬
fees) X to procure for o.s., get (‫ على‬s.th.); to
attain. Receive, obtain (‫ على‬s.th.); to acquire
(‫ على‬s.th.)
‫ حصول‬ḥuṣūl setting in, occurrence,
incidence. happening (of an event or
process); obtainment. attainment (‫ على‬of
s.th.); achievement (‫ على‬of s.th.); acquisition
(‫ على‬of s.th.)
‫ حصيلة‬ḥaṣīla pl. ‫ حصائل‬ḥaṣā’il2 rest,
remainder; amount collected, proceeds,
returns; revenue, receipts, yield, income,
takings
‫ حوصلة‬،‫ حوصل‬and ‫ حويصلة‬look up
alphabetically
‫ حصالة‬ḥaṣāla collection box, alms box
‫ محصل‬maḥṣal result, outcome, upshot,
issue
‫ تحصيل‬taḥṣīl pl. -āt attainment,
obtainment, gain; acquisition (also of
knowledge); learning, studying, scientific
studies; collection, raising, levy(ing), calling
in (of funds, taxes); income, revenue,
receipts, returns, proceeds; résumé,
summary, gist (of a speech or opinion); ‫من‬
‫ تحصيل الحاصل ان يقال‬in summary, it may be
said ...
‫ تحصيلجي‬taḥṣīlgī (eg.) = ‫ محصل‬muḥaṣṣil
‫ حاصل‬ḥāṣil pl. ‫ حواصل‬ḥawāsil2 setting
in, occurring, taking place, happening;
result, outcome, sum, total, product (also
math.); revenues, receipts, proceeds, gain;
income, returns; crop, harvest; warehouse,
storehouse, granary, depot, magazine; main
content, purport, gist, essence, substance (of
a speech); ‫ الحاصل‬briefly, in short; pl.
‫ حاصالت‬product(s), yield. produce.
production (econ.)
‫ محصول‬maḥsūl pl. -āt, ‫ محاصل‬maḥāṣīl2
result, outcome, issue; yield, gain; product,
produce; crop, harvest; production 182
‫ محصل‬muḥaṣṣil collector; tax collector;
cashier; (bus, streetcar) conductor
‫ متحصل‬mutaḥaṣṣil yield, revenue,
proceeds, receipts, returns (‫ من‬from)
‫ حصن‬ḥaṣuna u (‫ حصانة‬ḥaṣāna) to be
inaccessible, be well fortified; to be chaste
(woman) II to make inaccessible (‫ ھـ‬s.th.);
to strengthen (‫ ھـ‬s.th.); to fortify, entrench
(‫ ھـ‬s.th.); to immunize, make proof (‫ضد‬
ḍidda against) IV to make inaccessible (‫ھـ‬
s.th.); to fortify, entrench (‫ ھـ‬s.th.); to be
chaste, pure (woman); to remain chaste,
be of unblemished reputation (woman) V
to strengthen one’s position, protect o.s.;
to be fortified; to be secure, be protected
‫ حصن‬ḥiṣn pl. ‫ حصون‬ḥuṣūn fortress, fort,
castle, citadel, stronghold; fortification,
entrenchment; protection │ ‫حصن طائر‬
Flying Fortress
‫ حصان‬ḥiṣān pl. ‫ حصن‬ḥuṣun, ‫احصنة‬
aḥsina horse; stallion │ ‫ حصان البحر‬ḥ. al-
baḥr hippopotamus; ‫( حصان بخاري‬buḳārī)
iron horse; ‫ قوة حصن‬qūwat ḥ., or ‫حصان‬
alone, horse power
‫ حصين‬ḥaṣīn inaccessible, strong,
fortified, firm, secure(d), protected;
immune, proof, invulnerable (‫ ضد‬ḍidda
against) │ ‫( الحصن الحصين‬ḥiṣn) stronghold
(fig.; e.g., of radicalism)
‫ ابو الحصين‬abū l-ḥuṣain fox
‫ حصانة‬ḥaṣāna strength, ruggedness,
forbiddingness, impregnability,
inaccessibility; shelteredness, chastity (of
a woman); invulnerability, inviolability;
immunity (of deputies, diplomats; against
illness)
‫ تحصين‬taḥṣīn pl. -āt fortification,
entrenchment; strengthening, cementing,
solidification; immunization
‫ احصان‬iḥṣān blamelessness,
unblemished reputation, integrity (Isl.
Law)
 ‫ تحصن‬taḥaṣṣun securing, safeguarding,
protection, protectedness
‫ محصن‬muḥaṣṣan fortified; entrenched;
immune, proof (‫ ضد‬ḍidda against)
‫ محصنة‬muḥṣina, muḥṣana sheltered,
well-protected, chaste; of unblemished
reputation (woman; Isl. Law)
‫ حصى‬IV to oount, enumerate (‫ ھـ‬s.th.); to
II to ready, make ready, prepare (‫ ھـ‬s.th., also,
calculate, compute (‫ ھـ‬s.th. ‫ من‬from); to
debit, charge (‫ على ھـ‬s.th. to s.o.’s
account), hold (‫ ھـ‬s.th. ‫ على‬against s.o.) │‫ال‬
‫( يحصى‬yuḥṣā) innumerable
‫ حصى‬ḥaṣan (coll.) pebbles, little stones
‫ حصاة‬ḥaṣāh, ‫ حصوة‬ḥaṣwa pl. ‫حصيات‬
ḥaṣayāt little stone; pebble; calculus,
stone (med.) │ ‫( حصاة بولية‬baulīya) cystic
calculus; ‫( حصاة صفراوية‬ṣafrāwīya)
gallstone, biliary calculus
‫ حصى لبان‬ḥaṣā lubān, ‫ حصالبان‬rosemary
(bot.)
‫ حصوي‬ḥaṣawī stony, pebbly, gravelly
‫ احصاء‬iḥṣā’ pl. -āt count, counting;
enumeration; calculation, computation;
statistics │ ‫ احصاء السكان‬i. as-sukkān
census
‫ احصائي‬iḥṣā’ī statistic(al); (pl. -ūn)
statistician
‫ احصائية‬iḥṣā’īya pl. -āt statistics
‫ حض‬ḥaḍḍa u (ḥaḍḍ) and II to spur on, incite (‫ه‬
s.o., ‫ على‬to), goad, prod (‫ ه‬s.o.• ‫ على‬to do
s.th.)
‫ حض‬ḥaḍḍ incitement, inducement,
prodding, prompting, instigation
‫ حضيض‬ḥaḍīḍ, pl. ‫ حضض‬ḥuḍuḍ, ‫احضة‬
aḥiḍḍa foot of a mountain; lowland;
perigee (astron.); depth; state of decay │
‫ نزل الى الحضيض‬to sink low (fig.); ‫دكه الى‬
‫( الحضيض‬dakkahū) to ruin s.th.
completely, run s.th. into the ground
‫ حضر‬ḥaḍara u (‫ حضور‬ḥuḍūr) to be present (‫ھـ‬
at), be in the presence (‫ ه‬of s.o.); to 183
attend (‫ ھـ‬s.th.); to be present (‫ ھـ‬in s.o.’s
mind), be readily recalled (‫ ه‬by s.o.); to
take part, participate (‫ مجلسا‬majlisan in a
meeting); to come, get (‫ الى‬or ‫ ه‬،‫ ھـ‬to s.o.,
to a place), arrive (‫ الى‬or ‫ ھـ‬at a place); to
visit (‫ ھـ‬a place), attend (‫ ھـ‬a public event),
go (‫ ھـ‬to a performance, etc.); to appear (
‫ امام‬before a judge, etc., ‫ الى‬in, at), show up
(‫ الى‬in, at); to betake o.s., go (‫الى من‬
from ... to); (‫ حضارة‬ḥaḍāra) to be settled,
sedentary (in a civilized region, as
opposed to nomadic existence)
e.g., as medicine = to compound), make,
produce, manufacture (‫ ھـ‬s.th.); to study,
prepare (‫ ھـ‬a lesson); to fetch, get, bring (‫ه‬
s.o., ‫ ھـ‬s.th.), procure, supply (‫ ھـ‬s.th.); to
settle (‫ ه‬s.o), make s.o. (‫ )ه‬sedentary; to
civilize (‫ ه‬s.o., ‫ ھـ‬s.th.) III to give a lecture,
present s.th. in a lecture (‫ ه‬to s.o.); to
lecture, give a course of lectures IV to
fetch, get, bring (‫ ه‬،‫ ھـ‬s.o., s.th.), procure,
supply (‫ ھـ‬s.th.); to take (‫ ه‬s.o., ‫ ھـ‬s.th., ‫الى‬
to a place) │‫ احضره معه‬to have s.th. with
one, bring s.th. along V to prepare o.s.,
ready o.s., get ready (‫ ل‬for); to be ready,
prepared; to become settled, be sedentary
in a civilized region; to be civilized, be in
a state of civilization; to become
urbanized, become a town dweller VIII to
come (‫ ه‬to s.o.), be in the presence (‫ ه‬of
s.o.); to live in a civilized region; pass.
ustuḥḍira to die X to have s.th. (‫)ھـ‬
brought, to call, send (‫ ه‬،‫ ھـ‬for s.o., for
s.th.), have s.o. (‫ )ه‬come; to summon (‫ه‬
s.o.); to fetch, procure, supply, get, bring (
‫ ھـ‬s.th.); to conjure, call up, evoke (‫ ھـ‬a
spirit); to visualize, envision, call to mind
(‫ ھـ‬s.th.); to carry with o.s., bring along (‫ھـ‬
s.th.); to prepare (‫ ه‬،‫ ھـ‬e.g., a medicinal
preparation)
‫ حضر‬ḥaḍar a civilized region with
towns and villages and a settled
population (as opposed to desert, steppe);
settled population, town dwellers (as
opposed to nomads)
‫ حضري‬ḥaḍarī settled, sedentary,
resident, not nomadic, non-Bedouin, like
urbanites; civilized; urban; town dweller
‫ حضرة‬ḥaḍra presence │‫ في حضرة‬in the
presence of ...; ‫‘( الحضرة العالية‬āliya) His
Highness (formerly, title of the Bey of
Tunis); ‫ حضرتكم‬a respectful form of
address, esp. in letters; ‫ حضرة الدكتور‬cf. Fr.
Monsieur le docteur
 ‫ حضور‬ḥuḍūr presence; visit,
participation, attendance; (as one pl. of
‫ )حاضر‬those present │‫ بحضوره‬in his
presence; ‫ حضور الحفلة‬ḥ. al-ḥafla
attendance of the celebration‫حضور الذھن‬
ḥ. ad-dihn presence of mind; ‫ورقة حضور‬
waraqat ḥ. summons (jur.)
‫ حضوري‬ḥuḍūrī: ‫( احكام حضورية‬aḥkām)
judgments delivered in the presence of the
litigant parties after oral proceedings
(jur.); ‫ حضوريا‬ḥuḍūrīyan contradictorily
(jur.)
‫ حضارة‬ḥaḍāra civilization; culture;
settledness, sedentariness
‫ حضيرة‬ḥaḍīra pl. ‫ حضائر‬ḥaḍā’ir2 a small
group of 6 to 12 people (specif., the
smallest unit of boy scouts = patrol);
section, squad (mil.; Syr.)
‫ محضر‬maḥḍar presence; attendance,
coming, appearance (of s.o.); assembly,
meeting, gathering, convention; (pl. ‫محاضر‬
maḥāḍir2) minutes, official report,
process-verbal, record of the factual
findings │‫ محضر الجرد‬m. al-jard inventory
list; ‫ بمحضر منه‬bi-maḥḍarin minhu in s.o.’s
presence
‫ تحضير‬taḥḍīr preparing, readying,
making ready; (pl. -āt) preparation (‫ ل‬for;
also e.g., for an examination); making,
preparation, cooking (of food, etc.),
production, manufacture
‫ تحضيري‬taḥdīrī preparatory, preparative
│‫( المدارس التحضيرية للمعلمين‬mu‘allimīn)
184 preparatory institutes for teachers,
teachers’ colleges (Eg.)
‫ محاضرة‬muḥāḍara pl. -āt lecture
‫ احضار‬iḥḍār procurement, supply,
fetching, bringing
‫ تحضر‬taḥaḍḍur civilized way of life
‫ احتضار‬iḥtiḍār demise, death
‫ استحضار‬istiḥḍār making, production,
manufacture; preparation; summoning │
‫ استحضار االرواح‬istiḥḍār al-arwāḥ evocation
of spirits, spiritism
‫ حاضر‬ḥāḍir pl. ‫ حضر‬ḥuḍḍar, ‫حضور‬
ḥuḍūr present; attending; ‫ الحاضر‬the
present (time); prepared (‫ ل‬for); ready; (pl.
‫ حضار‬ḥuḍḍār, ‫ حضرة‬ḥaḍara) settled,
sedentary, resident, village or town
dweller, not nomadic │ ‫ في الحاضر‬or ‫في‬
‫ الوقت الحاضر‬at present, now; ‫ حاضر الفكر‬ḥ.
al-fikr quick-witted, quick at repartee; ‫نقد‬
‫( حاضر‬naqd) cash, ready money
‫ حاضرة‬ḥāḍira pl. ‫ حواضر‬ḥawāḍir2
capital city, metropolis; city (as a center of
civilization)
‫ محضور‬maḥḍūr possessed, haunted or
inhabited by a jinni; demoniac
‫ محضر‬muḥaḍḍir maker, producer,
manufacturer; dissector (med.)
‫ محاضر‬muḥāḍir lecturer, speaker
‫ محضر‬muḥḍir court usher
‫ متحضر‬mutaḥaḍḍir civilized
‫ محتضر‬muḥtaḍar dying, in the throes of
death, on the brink of death; a dying
person; haunted or inhatbited by a jinni;
demoniac
‫ مستحضر‬mustaḥḍar pl. -āt preparation
(chem., pharm.) │ ‫( مستحضر دوائي‬dawā’ī)
medicinal preparation
‫ حضرموت‬ḥaḍramaut2 Hadhramaut
‫ حضرمي‬ḥaḍramī pl. ‫ حضارم‬ḥaḍārim2
man from Hadhramaut; Hadhramautian
(adj.)
‫ حضن‬ḥaḍana u (ḥaḍn, ‫ حضانة‬ḥiḍāna) to clasp
in one’s arms, embrace, hug (‫ ه‬s.o.);
to nurse, bring up, raise (‫ ه‬a child); (ḥaḍn,
‫ حضان‬ḥidān, ‫ حضانة‬ḥiḍāna, ‫ حضون‬ḥuḍūn)
to hatch, brood, incubate (‫ ھـ‬an egg; of a
bird) VI to embrace one another, cling to
one another, nestle against each other VII
to clasp in one’s arms, embrace, hug (‫ ه‬،‫ھـ‬
s.o., s.th.); to harbor in one,s bosom (‫ھـ‬
feeling); to hatch, concoct, contrive (‫ھـ‬
s.th.); to bring up, raise (‫ ھـ‬a child)
‫ حضن‬ḥaḍn pl. ‫ احضان‬aḥḍān breast,
bosom (between the outstretched arms);
armful, that which can be carried in one's
arms │ ‫( قبله بالحضن‬qabilahū) he received
him with open arms; ‫ بين احضان‬and ‫في‬
‫ احضان‬amid, among; with, in the presence
of (s.o.); ‫( في احضان الصحراء‬saḥrā’) in the
heart (or folds) of the desert; ‫اخذتني بين‬
‫ احضانھا‬she took me in her arms
 ‫ حضانة‬ḥiḍāna, ḥaḍāna raising, bringing
up, nursing (of a child); hatching (of an
egg), incubation │ ‫دار الحضانة‬children’s
home, day nursery, crèche
‫ حضين‬in embraced, bugged, resting in
s.o.’s arms
‫ محضن‬maḥḍan pl. ‫ محاضن‬maḥādin2
children’s home, day nursery, crèche
‫ احتضان‬iḥtiḍān embrace, hug(ging),
accolade
‫ حاضنة‬ḥāḍina pl. ‫ حواضن‬ḥawāḍin2
nurse-maid, dry nurse
‫ محتضن‬muḥtaḍin embracing, hugging;
tender, affectionate
‫ حط‬ḥaṭṭa u (ḥaṭṭ) to put, place, put down, set
down (‫ ھـ‬s.th.); to take down (‫ ھـ‬a load,
burden); to lower, decrease, diminish,
reduce (‫ ھـ‬or ‫ من‬s.th.); to depreciate (‫من‬
‫ قدره‬min qadrihī or ‫ من قيمته‬min qudratihī
the value of s.th.) │‫( حط الرحال‬riḥāla) to
halt, make a stop, dismount, encamp
(while traveling on horseback, 185
camelback. etc.); -- u (ḥaṭṭ, ‫ حطوط‬ḥuṭūṭ) to
sink, descend, go down; to alight (bird); to
land (airplane); to drop (price) II to put
down, set down, take off, unload (‫ ھـ‬a
load) VII to sink, descend, go down; to
decrease, diminish; to decline, decay,
wane VIII to put down, set down, take
down (‫ ھـ‬s.th.)
‫ حط‬ḥaṭṭ (act of) putting or setting down;
depreciation, belittling, derogation,
disparagement (‫ من‬of s.th.); reduction,
diminution, decrease (‫ من‬of s.th.)
‫ حطة‬ḥiṭṭa alleviation, relief, mitigation;
abasement, debasement, demotion,
degradation (in rank, dignity, prestige);
humiliation, insult, indignity
‫ احط‬aḥaṭṭ lower
‫ حطيطة‬ḥaṭīṭa price reduction
‫ محط‬maḥaṭṭ place at which s.th. is put
down or deposited; stopping place, stop;
pause fermata, hold, concluding strain,
cadence (mus.) │‫ محط اآلمال‬object of hope,
that on which one's hopes are pinned; ‫كان‬
‫ محط األنظار‬to attract the glances, draw
attention to o.s.; ‫ محط الكالم‬m. al-kalām
sense, or meaning, of one’s words
‫ محطة‬maḥaṭṭa pl. -āt stopping place,
stop (also of public conveyances); station,
post; railroad station; broadcasting station,
radio station │ ‫ محطة تحويل التيار‬m. taḥwīl
at-tayyār transformer station; ‫محطة االذاعة‬
‫ ))الالسلكية‬m. al-idā‘a (al-lāsi1kīya)
broadcasting station, radio station;
transmitter (station); ‫( محطة رئيسية‬ra’īsīya)
(railroad) main station; O ‫ محطة االشارات‬m.
al-išārāt signal post; O ‫ محطة االرسال‬m. al-
irsāl transmitter (station; radio); ‫محطة‬
‫( لالرصاد الجوية‬li-l-arṣād al-jawwīya)
meteorological station, weather station;
‫ محطة الصرف‬m. aṣ-ṣarf (Eg.) pump station
(for drainage); power plant; O ‫محطة‬
‫ االستقبال‬receiving station (radio); O ‫محطة‬
‫( السلكية قصيرة األمواج‬lā-silkīya qaṣīrat al-
amwāj) short-wave transmitter station;
‫ محطة توليد الكھرباء‬m. taulīd al-kahrabā’ and
‫ محطة كھربائية‬power plant
‫ انحطاط‬inḥiṭāṭ decline, fall, decay,
decadence; inferiority │‫احساس االنحطاط‬
iḥsās al-inḥ. sense of inferiority
‫ انحطاطي‬inḥiṭāṭ postclassical writer
‫ منحط‬munḥaṭṭ low, base, low-level, low-
grade; fallen, degraded (woman); mean,
vile, vulgar; inferior
‫ حطب‬ḥaṭaba i to gather firewood │ ‫حطب في‬
‫(حبله‬fī ḥablihī) to support s.o., stand by
s.o., back s.o. up VIII to gather firewood
‫ حطب‬ḥaṭab pl. ‫ احطاب‬aḥṭāb firewood
‫ حطاب‬ḥaṭṭāb wood gatherer; wood-
cutter, lumberjack; vendor of firewood
‫ تحطيب‬taḥṭīb singlestick fencing (a
popular game, esp. in rural areas; eg.)
‫ حاطب‬taḥṭīb wood gatherer; woodcutter,
lumberjack; vendor of firewood │ ‫كحاطب‬
‫ ليل‬ka-ḥāṭibi lailin lit.: like one who
gathers wood at night, i.e., blindly, at
random, heedlessly (said of s.o. who does
not realize, or think about, what he is
doing)
‫ حطم‬ḥaṭama i (ḥaṭm) to break, shatter, smash,
wreck, demolish (‫ ھـ‬s.th.) II = I; V to
break. go to pieces; to be broken, b.
smashed, be shattered; to crash (e.g.,
airplane, structure, etc.); to be wrecked
(ship) VII = V
 ‫ حطمة‬ḥiṭma pl. ‫ حطم‬ḥiṭam particle, small
piece, shred, bit, morsel; s.th. broken
‫ حطام‬ḥuṭām debris, rubble; fragments,
shards, broken pieces; wreckage, wreck
(of a ship) │‫ حطام الدنيا‬ad-dunyā the
ephemeral things of this world, the
vanities of the world
‫ حطيم‬ḥaṭīm smashed, shattered, wrecked
186
‫ تحطيم‬taḥṭīm smashing, shattering,
wrecking, breaking, demolition,
destruction, disruption │O ‫سفينة تحطيم الجليد‬
icebreaker
‫ تحطم‬taḥaṭṭum crumbling,
disintegration; crash (of an airplane);
collapse, breakdown
‫ حاطمة‬ḥāṭima: O ‫ حاطمة الجليد‬icebreaker
(naut.)
‫ محطم‬muḥaṭṭim crashing, thundering,
roaring (of an explosion. etc.) – muḥaṭṭam
broken (language)
‫ محطمة‬muḥaṭṭima: ‫( محطمة ثلجية‬taljīya)
icebreaker (naut.)
‫ حظ‬ḥaẓẓa a (ḥaẓẓ) to be lucky, Fortunate IV=I
‫ حظ‬ḥaẓẓ pl. ‫ حظوظ‬ḥuẓūẓ part, portion,
share, allotment; lot, fate, destiny; good
luck, good fortune; affluence, wealth,
fortune; prosperity; pleasure │ ‫ذو حظ من‬
endowed with; ‫ لحسن الحظ‬li-ḥusni l-ḥ. and
‫ من حسن الحظ‬fortunately, luckily; ‫سوء الحظ‬
sū’ al-ḥ. bad luck, misfortune; ‫سيء الحظ‬
sayyi’ al-ḥ. unlucky, unfortunate; ‫لسوء‬
‫ الحظ‬unfortunately; ‫ من حسن حظي‬luckily for
me, fortunately; ‫ كان من حسن حظه ان‬he was
lucky in that he ...; ‫ ليس احسن منھا حظا‬he is
no better off than she is
‫ حظيظ‬ḥaẓīẓ lucky, fortunate
‫ محظوظ‬lucky, fortunate; content(ed),
happy, glad
‫ حظر‬ḥaẓara u (ḥaẓr) to fence in, hedge in (‫ھـ‬
s.th.); to forbid (‫ ھـ على‬to s.o. s.th.),
prohibit (‫ ھـ على‬s.o. from doing s.th.)
‫ حظر‬ḥaẓr forbiddance, interdiction,
prohibition, ban; embargo
‫ حظار‬ḥiẓār, ḥaẓār wall, partition,
screen; fence, palisade, railing
‫ حظيرة‬ḥaẓīra pl. ‫ حظائر‬ḥaẓā’ir2
enclosure, railing, fence, palisade, hedge;
compound, yard, pound, pinfold; corral,
pen, paddock, coop; hangar, shed; field,
domain, realm (fig.) │‫( في حظيرة‬with foll.
genit.) inside of, within; ‫جذبه الى حظيرته‬
(jadabahū) to bring s.o. under one’s
influence; ‫ حظائر الطائرات‬aircraft hangars;
‫ حظيرة القدس‬ḥ. al-quds Paradise
‫ محظور‬maḥẓūr interdicted, prohibited,
forbidden (‫ على‬to s.o.); embargoed; pl.
‫ محظورات‬forbidden things, restrictions
(‫ حظو‬and ‫ حظي( حظي‬ḥaẓiya a (‫حظوة‬
ḥuẓwa, ḥiẓwa) to enjoy the favor or good
graces of s.o. (‫)عند‬, be in s.o.’s (‫ )عند‬favor
or good graces; to acquire, obtain, attain,
gain, win (‫ ب‬s.th.)
‫ حظوة‬ḥuẓwa, ḥiẓwa favored position,
role of favorite; precedence; favor, grace;
good will, benevolence; prestige, credit,
standing, respect, esteem │ ‫نال حظوة عند‬
‫ ))لدى‬to find favor with s.o.
‫ حظية‬ḥaẓīya pl. ‫ حظايا‬ḥaẓāyā paramour,
mistress, concubine
‫ محظية‬maḥẓīya pl. -āt paramour.
mistress, concubine
‫ حف‬ḥaffa u (ḥaff) to surround (‫ ه‬،‫ ب ھـ‬s.o., s.th.
with, also ‫ ب‬and ‫ حول‬s.o., s.th.), enclose,
encompass, border (‫ ھـ‬،‫ ب‬s.th.); to depilate
(‫ ھـ‬a part of the body), unhair (‫ ھـ‬the skin);
to trim, clip (‫ ھـ‬the beard); to chafe, rub
off, abrade (‫ ھـ‬s.th.) │ ‫تحف به العين‬he is the
object of admiring glances, he is the
center of attention, all eyes are upon him;
-- i (‫ حفيف‬ḥafīf) to rustle II and VIII to
surround, (‫ ه‬،‫ ھـ‬،‫ ب‬،‫ حول‬s.o., s.th.), enclose,
encompass, border (‫ ھـ‬،‫ب‬،‫ حول‬s.th.)
‫ حفاف‬ḥifāf side
‫ حفيف‬ḥafīf rustle, rustling
‫ محفة‬miḥaffa (also maḥaffa) pl. -āt
litter, stretcher; roller stretcher; sedan
‫ حاف‬ḥaff: ‫( خبز حاف‬ḳubz) plain bread
(without anything to go with it; eg.)187
‫ حافة‬ḥāffa pl. -āt enclosure, edge,
margin; brim of a vessel; border, brink,
verge; fringe, hem │ ‫’على حافة الخراب‬alā ḥ.
al-ḳarāb on the brink of ruin
‫ حفيد‬ḥafīd pl. ‫ احفاد‬aḥfād, ‫ حفدة‬ḥafada grandson;
descendant, offspring, scion
‫ حفيدة‬ḥafīda granddaughter
‫ حفر‬ḥafara i (ḥafr) to dig (‫ ھـ‬s.th.): to drill (for
oil): to excavate (archeol.): to carve (‫ھـ‬
s.th.): to engrave, etch (‫ ھـ‬metal) │ ‫حفر‬
‫خنادق‬to dig trenches; ‫( حفر حفرة‬ḥufratan) to
prepare a pitfall, prepare an ambush VII
pass. of I; VIII to dig
‫ حفر‬ḥafr digging, earthwork, excavation
(also archeol.); unearthing; drilling (for
oil): carving, inscribing (e.g., of letters);
engraving, etching; graphic arts (etching,
wood engraving); scurvy (syr.) │ ‫جھاز‬
‫ الحفر‬jahāz al-ḥ. oil rig; oil derrick
‫ حفرة‬ḥufra pl. ‫ حفر‬ḥufar pit; hollow,
cavity, excavation; hole
‫ حفرية‬ḥafrīya digging, excavation; O
gravure; pl. ‫ حفريات‬excavations (archeol.)
‫ حفار‬ḥaffār digger; engraver; driller;
stone mason │ ‫ حفار القبور‬gravedigger
‫ حفير‬ḥafīr dug, dug out, excavated,
unearthed
‫ حفيرة‬ḥafīra pl. ‫ حفائر‬ḥafā’ir2 s.th.
excavated or unearthed; pl. excavations
(archeol.)
‫ احفور‬uḥfūr pl. ‫ احافير‬aḥāfīr2 s.th.
excavated; fossil; pl. excavations
(archeol.)
‫ محفر‬miḥfar pl. ‫ محافر‬maḥāfir2 spade
‫ حافر‬ḥāfir pl. ‫ حوافر‬ḥawāfir2 hoof │‫وقع‬
‫ الحافر على الحافر‬to coincide, happen to
correspond exactly; ‫ على الحافر‬on the spot,
right away, at once
‫ حافري‬ḥāfirī ungular, ungulate
‫ حافرة‬ḥāfira original condition,
beginning │‫ عند الحافرة‬on the spot, right
away, at once; ‫ رجع الى حافرته‬to revert to its
original state or origin
‫ محفور‬maḥfūr dug; inscribed, engraved;
carved
‫ حفز‬ḥafaza i (ḥafz) to pierce, stab (‫ ه‬s.o., ‫ب‬
with the spear); to incite, instigate, urge,
prompt, induce (‫ على‬or ‫ الى ه‬s.o. to s.th.) V
to prepare o.s. get ready, be ready, be
about to do s.th. (‫ ل‬or ‫)الى‬. set out to do
s.th. (‫ ل‬or ‫ ;)الى‬to get ready to jump, make
a running start; to listen, pay attention
VIII to be about to do s.th., be ready (‫ل‬
for)
‫ تحفز‬taḥaffuz preparedness, readiness;
vim, dash, verve, sweep, élan
‫ حافز‬ḥāfiz pl. ‫ حوافز‬ḥawāfiz2 spur, drive (
‫ على‬to do s.th.), incentive (‫ على‬to),
initiative
‫ مستحفز‬mutaḥfiz ready, prepared (‫ ل‬for)
‫ حفظ‬ḥafiẓa a (ḥifẓ) to preserve (‫ ھـ‬s.th.); to
protect, guard, defend (‫ ه‬s.o.): to observe,
bear in mind (‫ ھـ‬s.th.), comply (‫ ھـ‬with
s.th.), be mindful, be heedful (‫ ھـ‬of s.th.);
to keep up, maintain, sustain, retain,
uphold (‫ ھـ‬s.th.); to hold, have in
safekeeping (‫ ھـ‬s.th.), take care (‫ ھـ‬of
s.th.); to keep, put away, save, store (‫ھـ‬
s.th); to conserve, preserve (‫ ھـ‬s.th.); to
retain in one’s memory, remember, know
by heart (‫ ھـ‬s.th.); to memorize, learn by
heart, commit to memory (‫ ھـ‬s.th., esp. the
Koran); to reserve (‫ ھـ لنفسه‬for o.s. s.th.): to
stay, discontinue, suspend (‫ التحقيق‬a
judicial investigation; jur.) │‫ حفظه ﷲ‬may
God protect him! ‫ حفظ بالبريد‬to hold in care
of general delivery (‫ ھـ‬s.th.); ‫يحفظ في‬
‫( البوسطة‬yuḥfaẓu) in care of general
delivery, poste restante; ‫حفظ الوفاء ل‬
(wafā’a) to be loyal to s.o., keep faith with
s.o. II to have s.o. (‫ )ه‬memorize (‫ ھـ‬s.th.)
III to preserve, keep up, maintain, uphold,
sustain (‫ على‬s.th.); 188 to supervise,
control (‫ على‬s.th.), watch (‫ على‬over s.th.);
to watch out (‫ على‬for), take care, be
heedful, be mindful (‫ على‬of), look (‫على‬
after), attend, pay attention (‫ على‬to); to
keep, follow, observe, bear in mind (‫على‬
s.th.), comply (‫ على‬with), conform (‫ على‬to)
; to protect, guard, defend (‫ ھـ‬and ‫على‬, also
‫ عن‬s.th.) IV to vex, annoy, gall, irritate,
hurt, offend (‫ ه‬s.o.) V to keep up,
maintain, preserve (‫ ب‬s.th.); to observe,
keep in mind (‫ ب‬s.th.), be mindful, be
heedful, take care (‫ ب‬of s.th.), be
concerned (‫ ب‬with); to be cautious, be
wary, be on one’s guard; to be reserved,
aloof; to have reservations VIII to
maintain, uphold (‫ ب‬or ‫ ھـ‬s.th., e.g., ‫بحقوقه‬
one’s rights); to keep up, maintain, retain (
‫ ب‬or ‫ ھـ‬s.th., e.g., a posture, a
characteristic); to take care, take over
custody (‫ ب‬of s.o.), protect, guard (‫ ب‬s.o.);
to defend (against encroachment), hold,
maintain (‫ ب‬a possession); to preserve,
sustain, continue, keep up (‫ ب‬s.th.); to
hold, possess (‫ ب‬s.th.); to put away, hold,
have in safekeeping (‫ ب‬s.th.), take care (‫ب‬
of s.th.); to keep, retain (‫ ب‬s.th.); ‫احتفظ لنفسه‬
to keep for o.s., appropriate, reserve for
o.s. (‫ ب‬or ‫ ھـ‬s.th.), take complete
possession (‫ ھـ‬of) X to ask s.o. (‫ )ه‬to guard
or protect (‫ ھـ‬or ‫ على‬s.th.); to entrust (‫على‬
or ‫ ھـ ه‬to s.o. s.th.), commit s.th. (‫ على‬or ‫)ھـ‬
to the charge of s.o. (‫)ه‬
‫ حفظ‬ḥifẓ preservation; maintenance,
sustentation, conservation, upholding;
protection, defense, guarding; custody,
safekeeping. keeping, storage; retention;
observance, compliance (with);
memorizing, memorization; memory;
(jur.) discontinuance, stay, suspension (of
legal action, of a judicial investigation) │
‫حفظ اآلثار‬preservation of ancient
monuments (Eg.); ‫ حفظ الصحة‬ḥ. aṣ-ṣiḥḥa
hygiene, sanitation; ‫ رجال الحفظ‬police
‫ حفظة‬ḥifẓa anger, indignation,
resentment, rancor
‫ حفاظ‬ḥifāẓ pl. -āt dressing, ligature,
bandage │ ‫ حفاظ الحيض‬ḥ. al-ḥaiḍ sanitary
napkin
‫ حفيظ‬ḥafīẓ attentive, heedful, mindful;
preserving, keeping, guarding (‫ على‬s.th.)
‫ حفيظة‬ḥafīẓa pl. ‫ حفائظ‬ḥafā’iẓ2 grudge,
resentment, rancor
‫ محفظة‬maḥfaẓa, miḥfaẓa pl. -āt, ‫محافظ‬
maḥāfiẓ2 folder, bag, satchel, briefcase
dispatch case, portfolio; wallet, pocket,
book
‫ محفظة‬miḥfaẓa capsule
‫ تحفيظ‬taḥfīẓ memorization drill,
inculcation (esp. of the Koran)
‫ حفاظ‬ḥifāẓ defense, protection, guarding
(esp. of cherished, sacred things);
preservation, maintenance (‫ على‬of
interests); keeping, upholding (of loyalty),
adherence (to a commitment)
‫ محافظة‬muḥāfaẓa guarding;
safeguarding; preservation; protection,
defense; conservation, sustaining,
upholding; retention, maintenance (‫ على‬of
s.th.) conservativism (pol.), conservative
attitude; following, observance (‫ على‬of
s.th.), compliance (‫ على‬with s.th.),
adherence (‫ على‬to); guarding (‫ من‬against
misfortune), saving (‫ من‬from
misadventure); garrison (mil.); (pl. -āt)
governorate (one of five administrative
divisions of Egypt, in addition to a
mudīrīyāt); office of the muḥāfiẓ (head of
a governorate); province, anyone of the
larger administrative districts (Syr.) │
‫ المحافظة على النفس‬self-preservation; ‫مذھب‬
‫ المحافظة‬madhab al-m. conservative
movement, conserativism, Toryism
‫ تحفظ‬taḥaffuẓ caution, wariness,
restraint, reticence, reserve, aloofness; --
189 (pl. -āt) precaution, precautionary
measure; reservation, limiting condition,
conditional stipulation, proviso │‫مع التحفظ‬
with full reservation
‫ تحفظي‬taḥaffuẓī precautionary,
preventive │‫( اجراءات تحفظية‬ijrā’āt)
precautionary measures; ‫( صلح تحفظي‬ṣulḥ)
settlement before action, preventive
settlement (jur.)
‫ احتفاظ‬iḥtifāẓ guarding, safeguarding;
preservation; retention, maintenance,
continuation, conservation, defense,
protection, vindication, sustaining,
upholding; keeping, holding, safekeeping,
custody (‫ ب‬of s.th.)
‫ حافظ‬ḥāfiẓ keeper, guarder, guardian,
custodian, caretaker; (pl. ‫ حفاظ القرآن‬ḥuffāẓ,
‫ حفظة‬ḥafaẓa) one who knows the Koran by
heart (formerly an honorific epithet)
‫ حافظة‬ḥāfiẓa memory; -- (pl. ‫حوافظ‬
ḥawāfiẓ) wallet, pocketbook, money order
(Eg.)
‫ محفوظ‬maḥfūẓ kept, held in safekeeping,
deposited, guarded, preserved;
memorized, committed to memory, etc.;
conserved, preserved (food); reserved;
ensured, secured, safeguarded; -- pl.
‫ محفوظات‬canned goods, concerves;
archives; memorized material, what s.o.
knows by heart │ ‫ دار المحفوظات المصرية‬the
Egyptian Public Record Office; ‫مأكوالت‬
‫ محفوظة‬concerves, canned goods; ‫جميع‬
‫ الحقوق محفوظة‬all rights reserved
‫ محافظ‬muḥāfiẓ supervisory, controlling;
observing (‫ على‬s.th.), complying (‫على‬
 with), etc.; conservative (pol.), ‫المحافظون‬
the Conservatives, the Tories; keeper,
guarder, guardian, custodian, caretaker,
supervisor, superintendent; mayor;
governor (Eg.: title of the chief officer of
a governorate; Syr.: chief officer of a
province); director general, president (=
Brit. governor)
‫ متحفظ‬mutaḥaffiẓ vigilant, alert, wary,
cautious; reticent, reserved, aloof; staid,
sedate
‫ مستحفظ‬mustaḥfaẓ pl. -āt reserve (mil.)
‫ حفل‬ḥafala i (ḥafl) to gather, assemble,
congregate; to flow copiously; to be
replete, teem, superabound (‫ ب‬with); to
pay attention, attend, give one’s mind (‫ب‬
or ‫ ل‬to s.th.), concern o.s. (‫ ب‬with), make
much (‫ ب‬of), set great store (‫ ب‬by) │ ‫ال‬
‫(حفل به‬lā ḥafla) indifferent, of no
consequence II to adorn, decorate,
ornament (‫ ب ه‬s.th. with) VIII to gather,
rally, throng together; to celebrate (‫ ب‬s.th.,
s.o.); to concern o.s. (‫ ب‬or ‫ ل‬with), attend,
pay attention. give one’s mind (‫ ب‬or ‫ ل‬to
s.th.); to honor, welcome, receive kindly (
‫ ب‬s.o.)
‫ حفل‬ḥafl gathering, meeting,
assembling; assembly, congregation,
throng, crowd; performance, show, public
event; celebrations; feast, festival
‫ حفلة‬ḥafla pl. -āt assembly, gathering,
meeting, congregation; party; (social or
public) event; show, performance (theater,
cinema); concert; festivity, ceremony,
festival, festive event, celebration │ ‫حفلة‬
‫التأبين‬commemoration. Commemorative,
ceremony for a deceased person; ‫الحفلة‬
‫( األولى‬ūlā) premiere; ‫ حفلة حافلة‬numerous
assembly; ‫( حفلة خيرية‬ḳairīya) charity
performance, charity event; ‫ حفلة الدفن‬ad-
dfn funeral ceremony, obsequies; ‫حفلة دينية‬
(dīnīya) religious ceremony, Divine
Service; ‫ حفلة ساھرة‬and ‫ حفلة سمر‬ḥ. samar
evening party, soirée; ‫ حفلة سينمائية‬motion-
picture show; ‫ حفلة الشاي‬tea party; ‫حفلة العرس‬
ḥ. al-‘urs wedding;‫( حفلة االستقبال‬public)
reception; ‫ حفلة موسيقية‬concert
‫ حفيل‬ḥafīl eager, assiduous, diligent
‫ محفل‬maḥfil pl. ‫ محافل‬maḥāfil2 assembly,
congregation, meeting, gathering; party;
190 body, collective whole; circle, quarter
│‫ محفل ماسوني‬Masonic lodge; ‫المحافل الرسمية‬
‫( ))السياسية‬rasmīya, siyāsīya) the official
(political) circles or quarters
‫ احتفال‬iḥtifāl pl. -āt celebration,
ceremony, festival, festivities
‫ حافل‬ḥāfil pl. ‫ حفل‬ḥuffal, ‫ حوافل‬ḥawāfil2
full (‫ ب‬of), filled, replete (‫ ب‬with);
abundant, copious, lavish; much
frequented, well attended (by visitors,
participants, etc.), numerous (of
attendance); solemn, ceremonial, festive
‫ حافلة‬hāfila pl. -āt, ‫ حوافل‬ḥawāfil 2 O
autobus
‫ محتفل‬muḥtafil: ‫ المحتفلون‬the participants
in a festive event, the celebrators
‫ محتفل‬muḥtafal assembly place,
gathering place; party; ‫ محتفل به‬celebrated
‫ حفن‬ḥafana u to scoop up with both hands (‫ھـ‬
s.th.); to give a little (‫ ل‬to s.o.)
‫ حفنة‬ḥafna pl. ḥafanāt handful
1
(‫ حفو‬and ‫ حفى( حفي‬ḥafiya a (‫ حفاوة‬ḥafāwa) to
receive kindly and hospitably, to
welcome, receive with honors, honor (‫ب‬
s.o.) V to behave with affection, be
affectionate (‫ ب‬toward) VIII do.; to
celebrate (‫ ب‬an occasion, a festival)
‫ حفي‬ḥafīy welcoming, receiving kindly,
greeting (‫ ب‬s.o., s.th.)
‫ حفاوة‬ḥafāwa friendly reception,
welcoming, welcome, salutation (‫ ب‬of
s.o.)
‫ احتفاء‬iḥtifā’ reception, welcome,
salutation (‫ ب‬of s.o.); celebration, festivity
2
‫حفي‬ḥafiya a (‫ حفاء‬ḥafā’) to go barefoot; to
have sore feet
‫ حاف‬ḥāfin pl. ‫ حفاة‬ḥufāh barefoot(ed)
‫ حق‬ḥaqqa i u to be true, turn out to be true, be
confirmed; to be right, correct; (also pass.
ḥuqqa) to be necessary, obligatory,
requisite, imperative (‫ على‬for s.o.), be
incumbent (‫ على‬upon s.o.); to be adequate,
suitable, fitting, appropriate (‫ على‬for s.o.);
to be due (‫ ل‬s.o.); ‫ يحق له‬he is entitled to it,
he has a right to it; ‫ حق عليه‬he deserved it
(punishment); -- u to ascertain (‫ ھـ‬s.th.),
make sure, be sure (‫ ھـ‬of s.th.); to
recognize. identify (‫ ه‬s.o.) II to make s.th.
(‫ )ھـ‬come true; to realize (‫ ھـ‬s.th., e.g., a
hope), carry out (‫ ھـ‬e.g., a wish), carry into
effect, fulfill, put into action,
consummate, effect, actualize (‫ ھـ‬s.th.); to
implement (‫ ھـ‬e.g., an agreement); to
produce, bring on, yield (‫ ھـ‬results); to
determine, ascertain, find out, pinpoint,
identify (‫ ھـ‬s.th.); to prove s.th. (‫ )ھـ‬to be
true, verify, establish, substantiate (‫ھـ‬
s.th.); to confirm, assert, aver, avouch,
affirm (‫ ھـ‬s.th.); to be exact, painstaking,
meticulous, careful (‫ ھـ‬in doing s.th.), e.g.,
‫( حقق النظر‬naẓara) to look closely; to
study, examine, investigate, explore (‫ھـ‬
s.th.), look, inquire (‫ ھـ‬into s.th.); to verify,
check (‫ ھـ‬or ‫ في‬s.th.); to investigate (‫في‬
s.th., police); to make an official inquiry (
‫ ھـ‬into s.th.), institute an investigation (‫ھـ‬
of or into; court; jur.); to interrogate (‫مع‬
s.o.), conduct a hearing (‫ مع‬of s.o.; jur.) III
to contend for a right (‫ ه‬with s.o.), contest
or litigate a right (‫ ه‬against s.o.) IV to tell
the truth; to be right (‫ في‬in s.th.); to
enforce (‫ ھـ‬s.th., e.g., a legal claim) V to
prove true. turn out to be true, be
confirmed, prove to be correct; to
materialize, become a fact; to be realized,
be effected, come into effect; to be
examined, be explored; to ascertain (‫ھـ‬
s.th., also ‫)من‬, make sure, reassure o.s.,
gain proof, convince o.s., be convinced,
be sure, be certain (‫ ھـ‬of s.th.); to check,
verify (‫ ھـ‬or ‫من‬. s.th.); to be serious (‫ب‬
about s.th.) X to be entitled, have a claim (
‫ ھـ‬to s.th.); to claim (‫ ھـ‬s.th.), lay claim (‫ھـ‬
to); to deserve, merit (‫ ھـ‬s.th.), be worthy (
‫ ھـ‬of); to require, demand, 191 necessitate,
make requisite (‫ ھـ‬s.th.); to fall due.
become payable (sum of money), mature.
become due (note); to be due (‫ ل‬s.o.) │
‫( يستحق الذكر‬dikra) worth mentioning,
noteworthy; ‫( ال يستحق عليه الرسم‬rasmu) not
subject to a fee. free of charge
‫ حق‬ḥaqq truth; correctness, rightness;
rightful possession. property; one’s due;
duty; proper manner; true, authentic, real;
right, fair and reasonable; correct, sound,
valid; ‫ الحق‬an attribute of God; (pl. ‫حقوق‬
ḥuqūq) right, title, claim, legal claim (‫في‬
to); ‫ الحقوق‬law, jurisprudence, legal
science; ‫ حقا‬ḥaqqan really, in reality, in
effect, actually, in fact, indeed, truly, in
truth; justly, rightly, by rights │‫ احقا ذلك؟‬is
that (really) so? really? ‫ بحق‬justly, rightly,
by rights; ‫ بالحق‬truly, in reality, actually;
properly, appropriately, in a suitable
manner; ‫ بحق‬bi-haqqi and ‫ في حق‬as to ..., as
for ..., with respect to, concerning,
regarding; ‫ ھو على حق‬he is in the right; ‫الحق‬
‫ معن‬you are right; ‫ الحق عليك‬you are wrong;
‫ ھو حق عليك‬it is your duty; ‫ ھذا حقي عليكم‬you
owe this to me; ‫‘( عرفانا لحقھا عليه‬irfānan) in
recognition of what he owed her; ‫ من حقه‬he
is entitled to it, it is his due; ‫كان من حقه ان‬
he should have ..., he ought to have …; ‫له‬
‫ الحق في‬he is entitled to ...; ‫والحق يقال‬
(yuqāl) one may say, it must be admitted,
it’s only fair to say, say what you
will ..., ... though (as a parenthetical
phrase); ‫( عرف حق المعرفة‬ḥaqqa l-ma‘rifa)
to know exactly, know for certain, know
very well, also ‫( علم حق العلم‬ḥaqqa l-‘ilm);
‫ فھم حق الفھم‬fahima ḥaqqa l-fahm to
understand precisely, comprehend
thoroughly, be fully aware; ‫السعادة الحقة‬
(sa‘āda) true happiness; ‫ كلية الحقوق‬kullīyat
al-ḥ. law school, faculty of law
‫ حق‬ḥuqq hollow, cavity; socket of a
joint (anat.); also = ‫ حقة‬ḥuqqa
‫ حقة‬ḥuqqa pl. ‫ حقق‬ḥuqaq, ‫ حقاق‬ḥiqāq,
‫ احقاق‬aḥqāq small box, case, pot or jar;
receptacle, container; -- (pl. -āt, ‫حقق‬
ḥuqaq) a weight (Syr., Pal.) = ‫ اقة‬uqqa; ‫حقة‬
١.٢٨٠ = ‫ استانبولية‬kg (Ir.)
‫ احق‬aḥaqq2 worthier, more deserving (
‫ ب‬of s.th.); more entitled (‫ ب‬to s.th.)
‫ حقيق‬ḥaqīq pl. ‫ احقاء‬aḥiqqā’2 worthy,
deserving (‫ ب‬of s.th.), fit, competent,
qualified; entitled (‫ ب‬to)
‫ حقيقة‬ḥaqīqa pl. ‫ حقائق‬ḥaqā’iq2 truth,
reality (also philos.); fact; the true state of
affairs, the facts; true nature, essence; real
meaning, true sense; ḥaqīqatan really, in
reality, in effect, actually, in fact, indeed,
truly, in truth │ ‫ رأيته على حقيقته‬I saw its
true nature, as it really is; ‫ في حقيقة األمر‬in
reality, really, actually; ‫ ليس له حقيقة‬it does
not really exist, it is not real
‫ حقيقي‬ḥaqīqī real, true; actual; proper,
intrinsic, essential; genuine; authentic;
positive
 ‫ حقوقي‬ḥuqūqī juristic(al); (pl. -ūn) jurist,
jurisprudent, lawyer
‫ احقية‬aḥaqqīya legal claim, title, right
‫ حقاني‬ḥaqqānī correct, right, proper,
sound, valid, legitimate, legal
‫ حقانية‬ḥaqqānīya justice, law │ ‫وزارة‬
‫ الحقانية‬Ministry of Justice (formerly Eg.)
‫ تحقيق‬taḥqīq realization, actualization,
effectuation, implementation; fulfillment
(of a claim, of a wish, etc.); achievement,
accomplishment, execution;
ascertainment, determination,
identification, verification; substantiation;
assertion, affirmation, confirmation;
pinpointing, precise determination;
exactness, accurateness, precision; (= ‫تحقيق‬
‫ النطق‬t. an-nuṭq) precise pronunciation; --
(pl. -āt) verification, check, checkup,
investigation; official or judicial inquiry,
192 inquest │‫ التحقيق ان‬it is a matter of fact
that ..., it is certain that ...; ‫على التحقيق‬
properly speaking, strictly speaking,
actually; exactly, precisely; positively,
definitely; ‫ عند التحقيق‬properly speaking,
strictly speaking, actually; ‫ تحقيق الشخصية‬t.
aš-šaḳšīya identification (of a person),
proof of identity; ‫شھادة تحقيق الشخصية‬
šahādat t. aš-šaḳšīya identity card; ‫قلم تحقيق‬
‫ الشخصية‬qalam t. aš-š. bureau of
identification; ‫ تحقيق الذاتية‬t. ad-dātīya
identification; ‫ قاضي التحقيق‬examining
magistrate; ‫ تحقيق األرباح‬realization of
profits (stock market)
‫ احقاق‬iḥqāq: ‫ احقاقا للحق‬iḥqāqan li-l-ḥaqq
(so) that truth may prevail
‫ تحقق‬taḥaqquq ascertainment, making
sure; conviction, certainty, certitude;
verification, check, checkup
‫ استحقاق‬istiḥqāq pl. -āt worthiness,
deservingness, merit; one’s due or desert;
maturity, payability, falling due (of a sum
of money); reclaiming or calling in of s.th.
due, demand of a right; vindication (1.1.
Law), replevin, detinue│‫عن استحقاق‬
deservedly, justly, by rights; ‫بدون استحقاق‬
undeservedly; ‫ تاريخ االستحقاق‬date of
maturity (e.g., of a bond); ‫االستحقاق اللبناني‬
(lubnānī) name of a Lebanese order
‫ محقوق‬maḥqūq worthy, deserving (‫ ل‬،‫ب‬
of), fit, competent, qualifying (‫ ل‬،‫ ب‬for);
wrong, at fault, on the wrong track
‫ محقق‬muḥaqqiq investigator; inquirer;
examining magistrate
‫ محقق‬muḥaqqaq sure, certain, beyond
doubt, unquestionable, indubitable;
assured, established, accepted, recognized
│ ‫من المحقق ان‬it is certain that ..., it is a fact
that …
‫ محق‬muḥiqq telling the truth, in the
right, being right
‫ محقق‬mutaḥaqqiq convinced, sure,
certain, positive
‫ مستحق‬mustaḥiqq entitled; claiming;
beneficiary (of a wakf); deserving, worthy
│‫ مستحق الدفع‬m. ad-daf‘ due, payable (sum)
‫ حقب‬VITI to put into one's bag, to bag (‫ ھـ‬s.th.)
‫ حقب‬ḥuqb pl. ‫ احقاب‬aḥqāb, ‫ حقاب‬ḥiqāb
long stretch of time, long period
‫ حقبة‬ḥiqba pl. ‫ حقب‬ḥiqab long time,
stretch of time; period, age │ ‫حقبة من الزمان‬
ḥiqbatan min az-zamān for quite a time,
for some time
‫ حقب‬ḥaqab pl. ‫ احقاب‬aḥqāb a kind of
ornamental belt
‫ حقاب‬ḥiqāb pl. ‫ حقب‬ḥuqub a kind of
ornamental belt
‫ حقيبة‬ḥaqība pl. ‫ حقائب‬ḥaqā’ib2 valise,
suitcase, traveling bag; leather bag │ ‫حقيبة‬
‫ دبلوماسية‬diplomatic pouch; ‫حقيبة النقود‬
portemonnaie, change purse; ‫ حقيبة اليد‬ḥ.
al-yad ladies’ purse, handbag
‫ حقد‬ḥaqida a, ḥaqada i (ḥaqd, ḥiqd) to harbor
feelings of hatred (‫ على‬against) IV to incite
to hatred or resentment, embitter,
envenom (‫ ه‬s.o.) V = I; VI to hate one
another
‫ حقد‬ḥiqd pl. ‫ احقاد‬aḥqād, ‫ حقود‬ḥuqūd
hatred, malice, spite, resentment, rancor
‫ حقيدة‬ḥaqida pl. ‫ حقائد‬ḥaqā’id2 hatred,
malice, spite, resentment, rancor
‫ حقود‬ḥaqūd full of hatred, spiteful,
resentful, malicious, malevolent,
rancorous
 ‫ حاقد‬ḥāqid full of hatred, spiteful,
resentful, malicious, malevolent,
rancorous; pl. ‫ حقدة‬ḥaqada malevolent
people
‫ حقر‬ḥaqara i (ḥaqr) to despise, scorn,
disdain (‫ ه‬s.o., ‫ ھـ‬s.th.); to look down (‫ ه‬،‫ھـ‬
on), have a low opinion (‫ ه‬،‫ ھـ‬of); --
ḥaqura u 193 to below, base,
contemptible, despicable; to be despised,
degraded, humiliated II to disparage,
decry, depreciate (‫ ه‬s.o.), detract, derogate
(‫ ه‬from s.o.); to degrade, debase, humble,
humiliate; to regard with contempt,
despise, scorn, disdain (‫ ه‬s.o., ‫ ھـ‬s.th.) VIII
to despise, scorn, disdain (‫ ه‬s.o., ‫ ھـ‬s.th.),
look down (‫ ه‬،‫ ھـ‬on) X to regard as
contemptible or despicable, disdain,
despise (‫ ه‬s.o., ‫ ھـ‬s.th.), look down (‫ ه‬،‫ھـ‬
on)
‫ حقير‬ḥaqīr pl. ‫ حقراء‬ḥuqarā’2 low, base,
mean, vulgar, vile; little, small, paltry,
inconsiderable, poor, wretched, miserable;
despised; despicable, contemptible
‫ احقر‬aḥqar2 lower, baser, more
contemptible
‫ حقارة‬ḥaqāra lowness, vulgarity,
baseness, vileness, meanness; smallness,
paltriness, insignificance, poorness,
wretchedness, miserableness;
despicability, contemptibleness;
ignominy, infamy
‫ تحقتر‬taḥqīr contempt, disdain, scorn;
degradation, humiliation, abasement
‫ احتقار‬iḥtiqār contempt, disdain, scorn │
‫(نظر اليه بعين االحتقار‬bi-‘aini l-iḥt.) to regard
s.o. with contempt, look down one’s nose
at s.o.
‫ محتقر‬muḥtaqar despised; contemptible,
despicable
‫ حقل‬ḥaql pl. ‫ حقول‬ḥuqūl field (also fig. =
domain); column │ ‫حقول البترول‬oil fields;
‫ حقل الزيت‬ḥ. az-zait, ‫ حقل النفط‬ḥ. an-nafṭ oil
field; oil area; ‫ حقول التجارب‬experimental
fields; ‫( حقل كھربائي‬kahrabā’ī) electric field
‫ حقلي‬ḥaqlī field- (in compounds)
‫ محاقلة‬muḥāqala sale of grain while still
in growth, dealing in grain futures (Isl.
Law)
‫ حقن‬ḥaqana u (ḥaqn) to hold back, withhold,
keep back, detain, retain (‫ ھـ‬s.th.); to
suppress, repress, restrain (‫ ھـ‬s.th.); to
keep to o.s. (‫ السر‬as-sirra the secret); to
spare (‫ دمه‬damahū s.o.’s blood or life); to
give (‫ ه‬s.o.) an injection (med.) VIII to
become congested (esp. blood); to suffer
from strangury; to take an enema, a
clyster; to be injected │‫احتقن وجھه‬
(wajhahū) his face was flushed, his face
turned red
‫ حقن‬ḥaqn retention, withholding;
sparing; injecting. injection (med.) │ ‫حقنا‬
‫ لدمائھم‬ḥaqnan li-dimā’ihim in order to
spare their blood; ‫حقن في حبل الوريد‬
intravenous injection (med.)
‫ حقنة‬ḥuqna pl. ‫ حقن‬ḥuqan injection
(med.); hypodermic; clyster; enema
‫ محقنة‬miḥqana pl. ‫ محاقن‬maḥāqin2
syringe (med.)
‫ احتقان‬iḥtiqān congestion │ ‫ احتقان الدم‬iḥt.
ad-dam vascular congestion
‫ محتقن‬muḥtaqan reddened by blood
congestion, flushed, red (face)
‫ حقو‬ḥaqw pl. ‫ حقاء‬ḥiqā’, ‫ احقاء‬aḥqā’ loin, groin
│‫ شدد حقويه‬šaddada ḥaqwaihi to gird one’s
loins
1
‫ حك‬ḥakka u (ḥakk) to rub, chafe; to scrape; to
scratch; to rub off, scrape off, scratch off,
abrade (‫ ھـ‬s.th.) │ ‫( حك في صدره‬ṣadrihī) it
impressed him, affected him, touched s.th.
inside him IV to itch V to rub o.s., scrape,
chafe (‫ ب‬against); to pick a quarrel (‫ب‬
with s.o.) VI to rub or scrape against each
other VIII to rub o.s. scrape, chafe (‫ب‬
against); to be in contact, in touch (‫ب‬
with) │ ‫( احتك في صدره‬ṣadrihī) it impressed
him, affected him, touched s.th. inside him
‫ حك‬ḥakk rubbing, chafing; friction;
scratching
‫ حك‬ḥakka itching; scabies, itch (med.)
‫ حكاك‬ḥakkāk lapidary 194
‫ محك‬miḥakk touchstone; test │‫ثبت على‬
‫ محك النظر‬tabata ‘alā m. in-naẓar to stand a
critical test
‫ محكة‬miḥakka currycomb
‫ تحاك‬taḥākk (reciprocal) friction
 ‫ احتكاك‬iḥtikāk pl. -āt (reciprocal)
friction; close touch or contact; friction
(fig., = dissension, controversy) │‫من غير‬
‫ احتكاك‬min gair ḥt. frictionless
‫ محكك‬muḥakkak chafed, worn away
2
‫ حكة‬ḥukka (tun., = ḥuqqa) pl. ‫ حكك‬ḥukak small
box, case, pot or jar
‫ حكر‬VIII to buy up, hoard and withhold, corner
(‫ ھـ‬a commodity); to monopolize (‫ ھـ‬a
commercial article); to have exclusive
possession (‫ ھـ‬of s.th.), hold a monopoly (
‫ ھـ‬over s.th.)
‫ حكر‬ḥikr, ḥukr and ‫ اجرة الحكر‬ujrat al-ḥ.
ground rent, quitrent
‫ حكر‬ḥakar, ḥukar hoarded
‫ حكرة‬ḥukra hoarding (of goods);
monopoly
‫ حاكورة‬ḥākūra small vegetable garden
‫ احتكار‬iḥtikār pl. -āt cornering, buying
up; monopoly; preferential position;
supremacy, hegemony │ ‫احتكار تجارة البن‬al-
bunn coffee-trade monopoly; ‫احتكار السكر‬
iḥ. as-sukkar sugar monopoly
‫ احتكاري‬iḥtikārī rapacious, grasping,
greedy
‫ حكم‬ḥakama u (ḥukm) to pass judgment,
express an opinion (‫ في‬،‫ على‬on s.th.), judge
(‫ على‬s.th., ‫ ب‬by, from); to decide, give a
decision, pass a verdict, pass sentence (‫على‬
on); to sentence (‫ على‬s.o., ‫ ب‬to a penalty;
said of the judge), impose, inflict (‫ ب‬a
penalty) on s.o. (‫ ;)على‬to pronounce a
verdict or judgment, deliver judgment,
rule (‫ ل‬in s.o.’s favor); to adjudicate,
adjudge, award (‫ ب ل‬to s.o. s.th.); to take (
‫ ب‬s.th.) as a standard or norm; to have
judicial power, have jurisdiction, have
authority (‫ على‬and ‫ ه‬over), govern, rule,
dominate, control (‫ على‬or ‫ ه‬s.o.); to order,
command (‫ ب‬s.th.); to bridle, check, curb (
‫ ھـ‬،‫ ه‬s.th., s.o.) │ ‫( حكم عليه باالعدام‬ḥukima,
i‘dām) he was sentenced to death; ‫حكم‬
‫( بإدانته‬bi-idānatihī) to convict s.o., find
s.o. guilty (jur.); ‫( حكم ببراءته‬bi-barā’atihi)
to acquit s.o. (jur.) II to appoint (‫ ه‬s.o.) as
ruler; to choose (‫ ه‬s.o.) as arbitrator, make
(‫ ه‬s.o.) the judge (‫ في‬over or in s.th., ‫بين‬
between) III to prosecute (‫ ه‬s.o.); to
arraign, bring to trial, hale into court (‫ه‬
s.o.); to interrogate, hear (‫ ه‬s.o.) IV to
make (‫ ھـ‬s.th.) firm, strong, sturdy, solid;
to fortify (‫ ھـ‬s.th.); to strengthen,
consolidate (‫ ھـ‬s.th.); to do well, do
expertly, master (‫ ھـ‬field, work), be
proficient (‫ ھـ‬in) │ ‫( احكم امره‬amrahu) to do
s.th. thoroughly, carefully, properly; ‫احكم‬
‫( قفل الباب‬qafla l-bāb) to lock the door
firmly; ‫( احكم لغة‬lugatan) to master a
language V to have one's own way (‫ في‬in),
proceed (‫ في‬with) at random, at will,
handle (‫ في‬s.th.) arbitrarily; to pass
arbitrary judgment (‫ في‬on); to make o.s.
the judge (‫ على‬of), pass judgment (‫ على‬on);
to decide (‫ ب‬on); to rule, reign, hold sway
(‫ في‬over); to dominate, control (‫ في‬s.th.),
be in control, be in command (‫ في‬of) VI to
bring one another before the judge (‫الى‬
‫ ;)الحاكم‬to appeal (‫ الى‬to) for a legal
decision; to be interrogated, be heard (in
court) VIII to have one’s own way (‫ في‬in),
proceed (‫ في‬with, in s.th.) at will, at
random, handle (‫ في‬s.th.) arbitrarily, judge
arbitrarily; to rule, reign, hold sway (،‫على‬
‫ في‬over); to be in control, be in possession
(‫ على‬of); to appeal (‫ الى‬to) for a legal
decision, seek a decision (‫ الى‬from), have
s.o. (‫ )الى‬decide X to be strong, sturdy,
solid, firm; to become stronger, be
strengthened, be 195 consolidated; to take
root, be or become deep-rooted, deep-
seated, ingrained, inveterate, marked,
pronounced (feeling, trait)
‫ حكم‬ḥukm pl. ‫ احكام‬aḥkām judgment,
valuation, opinion; decision, (legal)
judgment, verdict, sentence;
condemnation, conviction; administration
of justice; jurisdiction, legal consequence
of the facts of a case (Isl. Law);
regulation, rule, provision, order,
ordinance, decree; judiciousness, wisdom,
judgeship, command, authority, control,
dominion, power; government, regime; pl.
‫ احكام‬statutes, by-laws, regulations, rules,
provisions, stipulations, principles,
precepts; ‫ حكما‬ḥukman virtually; legally │
‫ بحكم‬bi-ḥukmi by virtue of, on the strength
of, pursuant to, by force of; ‫ في حكم‬as good
as, all but, e.g., ‫( ھو في حكم‬fī ḥukm l-‘adam)
it is as good as nothing, it is practically
nonexistent; ‫ اصبح في حكم المقرر‬aṣbaḥa fī
ḥukmi l-muqarrar it is all but decided, ‫كان‬
‫ في حكم الشيء‬also: to be subject to s.th.; ‫نزل‬
‫ على حكمه‬to give in, yield to s.o., ‫حكم البراءة‬
ḥ. al-barā’a acquittal, ‫( حكم حضوري‬ḥuḍūrī)
judgment delivered in the presence of the
litigant parties, after oral proceedings
(jur.), ‫( الحكم باالعدام‬i‘dām) death sentence;
‫( حكم غيابي‬giyābī) judgment by default
(jur.); ‫( الحكم الذاتي‬dātī) self-determination,
autonomy (pol.); ‫( الحكم الجمھوري‬jumhūrī)
the republican form of government, the
republican regime; ‫( الحكم المطلق‬muṭlaq) the
absolute, i.e., authoritarian, regime, ‫الحكم‬
‫( النھائي‬niyābī) the parliamentary regime,
parliamentarianism; ‫ لجنة الحكم‬lajna al-ḥ.
board of examiners, review board; ‫االحكام‬
‫‘( العرفية‬urfīya) martial law; ‫احكام انتقالية‬
(intiqālīya) provisional regulations (jur.);
‫( احكام ختامية‬ḳitāmīya) final regulations
(jur.); ‫( احكام خاصة‬ḳāṣṣa) special
regulations; ‫( لكل سن حكمه‬sinn) every age
has its own set of rules, must be judged by
its own standards, ‫( للضرورة احكام‬li-ḍ-
ḍarūra) necessity has its (own) rules,
(approx.: necessity knows no law)
‫ حكمي‬ḥukmī legal
‫( حكمدار‬eg.; pronounced ḥikimdār)
commandant; chief of police
‫( حكمدارية‬eg.; pronounced ḥikimdārīya)
commandant’s office
‫ حكم‬ḥakam pl. ‫ حكام‬ḥukkām arbitrator,
arbiter; umpire, referee
‫ حكمة‬ḥikma pl. ‫ حكم‬ḥikam wisdom;
sagacity; philosophy, maxim, rationale,
underlying reason │ ‫( لحكمة‬with foll.
genit.) on account of, because of
‫ حكمي‬ḥikmī gnomic, aphoristic,
expressing maxims │ ‫( الشعر الحكمي‬ši'r)
gnomic poetry
‫ حكمة‬ḥakama pl. -āt bit (of a horse’s
bridle)
‫ حكيم‬ḥakīm pl. ‫ حكماء‬ḥukamā’2 wise,
judicious; wise man, sage; philosopher;
physician, doctor
‫ حكيمباشي‬ḥakīmbāšī senior physician,
chief surgeon
‫ حكومة‬ḥukūma pl. -āt government
‫ حكومي‬ḥukūmī of government,
governmental; official, state-owned, state-
controlled of the state, state- (in
compounds)
‫ احكم‬aḥkam2 wiser
‫ محكمة‬maḥkama pl. ‫ محاكم‬maḥākim2
court, tribunal │ ‫ محكمة االستئناف‬m. al-
isti’nāf court of appeal, appellate court;
‫( محكمة اھلية‬ahlīya) indigenous court (Eg.;
jurisdiction limited to Egyptian nationals),
‫( محكمة ابتدائية‬ibtidā’īya) court of first
instance, ‫( محكمة ابتدائية كلية‬kullīya) civil
court with jurisdiction in cases of major
importance, at the same time appellate
instance of ‫( محاكم جزئية‬Eg.); 196 ‫محكمة‬
‫( جزئية‬juz’īya) in Eg., lowest court of both
‫( محاكم اھلية‬approx.: district courts) and of
‫ محاكم شرعية‬canonical courts (with
jurisdiction in marital and family matters);
summary court; ‫ محكمة الجنايات‬m. al-jinīyāt
criminal court; ‫محاكم األحوال الشخصية‬
(šaḳṣīya) courts dealing with vital
statistics; ‫( محكمة مختلطة‬muḳtaliṭa) mixed
court (with jurisdiction over residents of
foreign nationality); ‫( محكمة شرعية‬šar’īya)
canonical court (administering justice on
the basis of the Sharia), court dealing with
family matters of Muslims; ‫محكمة مركزية‬
(markazīya) county court, dealing with
minor offenses, esp. misdemeanors (Eg.);
‫ محكمة القضاء االداري‬m. al-qaḍā’ al-idārī
administrative court; ‫ محكمة النقض واالبرام‬m.
an-naqḍ wa-l-ibrām Court of Cassation,
the highest court of appeal in Egypt;
‫ محكمة التمييز‬Court of Cassation (Syr., Leb.
= ‫ محكمة النقض واالبرام‬in Eg.); ‫ساحة المحاكم‬
tribunals
‫ تحكيم‬taḥkīm appointment of an
arbitrator; arbitration; arbitral decision,
award; pl. ‫ تحكيمات‬fortifications │ ‫تحكيم‬
‫ الحال‬starting from the present state of a
court’s findings (Isl. Law); ‫ھيئة التحكيم‬
hai’at at-t. board of arbitration; jury,
committee of judges, committee of
umpires (in sports), committee of referees
(in mil. maneuvers); ‫( لجنة تحكيمية‬lajna) do.
‫ محاكمة‬muḥākama judicial proceeding;
trial, hearing (in court); legal prosecution
‫ احكام‬iḥkām perfection; accuracy,
exactness, exactitude, precision; exact
performance, precise execution │
‫باالحكام‬accurately, exactly, precisely; ‫بالغ في‬
‫ االحكام‬of highest perfection
‫ تحكم‬taḥakkum arbitrariness, arbitrary
powers or action; despotism; domination,
 dominion, rule, sway, power; control (‫في‬
of, over)
‫ تحكمي‬taḥakkumī arbitrary; despotic
‫ استحكام‬istiḥkām intensification,
increase, strengthening; consolidation,
stabilization; fortification; pl. ‫استحكامات‬
fortifications
‫ حاكم‬ḥākim ruling, governing; decisive;
--(pl. -ūn, ‫ حكام‬ḥukkām) ruIer, sovereign;
governor; judge │ ‫(حاكم‬bi-amrihī)
autocratic; autocrat, dictator; ‫حاكم عام‬
(‘āmm) governor general; ‫ حاكم المباراة‬al-
mubārāh umpire, referee (athlet.); ‫حاكم‬
‫ الصلح‬ḥ. aṣ-ṣulḥ (Syr.) justice of the peace;
‫ حاكم الناحية‬ḥ. an-nāḥiya (Tun.) district
magistrate
‫ حاكمية‬ḥākimīya domination, dominion,
rule, sovereignty; judgeship, judicature,
jurisdiction (ir.)
‫ محكوم عليه‬maḥkūm ‘alaih sentenced (‫ب‬
to) │ ‫(محكوم عليھم باالعدام‬i‘dām) those
sentenced to death; ‫( محكوم عليه بالفشل‬fašal)
doomed to fail
‫ محكم‬muḥakkam pl. -ūn arbitrator,
arbiter; umpire, referee (‫ في‬in, over)
‫ محكم‬muḥkam strengthened, reinforced;
firm, solid, sturdy; tight, taut; perfect,
masterly, masterful; well-aimed (blow,
hit); accurate, precise, exact │ ‫محكم التدبير‬
well-planned, well-contrived
‫ مستحكم‬mustaḥkam reinforced, fortified;
strengthened, consolidated, strong;
inveterate, deep-seated, deep-rooted,
ingrained (custom, trait, etc.); pl. ‫مستحكمات‬
defenses, fortifications
‫ حكمدارية‬،‫ حكمدار‬see ‫حكم‬
‫ حكى‬ḥakā i (‫ حكاية‬ḥikāya) to tell, relate (
‫ ھـ‬s.th.), report, give an account (‫ ھـ‬of); to
speak, talk (syr., leb.); to imitate, copy (‫ھـ‬
s.th.); to resemble (‫ ه‬،‫ ھـ‬s.o., s.th.) III to
imitate, copy (‫ ھـ‬s.th.), assimilate o.s. (‫ھـ‬
to); to be similar (‫ ھـ‬to), be like s.th. (‫)ھـ‬,
resemble (‫ ھـ‬s.th.), be attuned, adjusted,
adapted (‫ ھـ‬to), be in harmony (‫ ھـ‬with)
197 ‫ حكاية‬ḥikāya pl. -āt story, tale,
narrative, accountj (gram.) literal
quotation (of the words of others)
‫ محاكاة‬muḥākāh imitation; similarity,
resemblance; harmony
‫ حاك‬ḥākin narrator, storyteller;
phonograph; O loudspeaker, radio
‫ محكي‬maḥkīy imitated, imitation (adj.)
‫ حكيمباشي‬see ‫حكم‬
1
‫ حل‬ḥalla u (ḥall) to untie (‫ ھـ‬a knot),
unbind, unfasten, unravel, undo (‫ ھـ‬s.th.);
to solve (‫ ھـ‬a problem, a puzzle); to
decipher, decode (‫ ھـ‬s.th.): to dissolve in
water (‫ ھـ‬s.th.; chem.); to resolve (‫ ھـ‬s.th.
into its components), analyze (‫ ھـ‬s.th.); to
melt (‫ ھـ‬s.th.); to decompose, disintegrate (
‫ ھـ‬s.th.); to disband, break up, dissolve (‫ھـ‬
an organization or party, parliament); to
open, unpack (‫ ھـ‬a package, and the like);
to loosen, relax (‫ ھـ‬s.th.); to release, set
free, let go (‫ ھـ‬s.th., ‫ ه‬s.o.); to clear,
exonerate, exculpate (‫ من ه‬s.o. from),
absolve (‫ ه‬s.o., ‫ من‬from his sins; Ch,.);
pass. ḥulla to be free; to be relaxed; -- i u (
‫ حلول‬ḥulūl) to dismount, alight, stop, halt;
to settle down, stay (‫ ب‬at a place, also ‫في‬
and ‫ ھـ؛ على‬with s.o., at s.o.’s house), come
(for a visit, ‫ على‬to); to take up residence (‫ھـ‬
in a place or country); to descend, come
down; to descend (‫ على‬upon s.o.; wrath);
to overcome, overwhelm (‫ على‬s.o.; sleep);
to befall (‫ ب‬and ‫ على‬s.o.; punishment,
suffering), occur, happen (‫ ب‬to s.o.); to
become incarnate (‫ في‬in s.o.; God); to set
in, arrive, begin (time, season); -- i to pass
into solution, dissolve: to fade (color); -- i
(ḥill) to be allowed, permitted,
permissible, lawful; to be due, payable
(debt) │‫( حل في منصب‬manṣib) to take over
or hold an office; ‫( حل محله‬maḥallahū) to
be in the right place; ‫ حل محل‬،‫حل محل فالن‬
‫( الشيء‬maḥalla) to take the place of s.o. or
s.th., replace, supersede s.o. or s.th.,
substitute for s.o. or s.th.; ‫حلت في قلبه محال‬
(qalbihī) she held a place in his heart; ‫حل‬
‫( محل التقدير لديه‬maḥalla t-taqdīri ladaihi) to
enjoy s.o.’s. high esteem; ‫حل من نفوس القراء‬
‫( محل‬min nufūsi l-qurrā’i maḥalla l-
istiḥsān) to appeal to the readers, meet
with the readers' approval II to dissolve,
resolve (into its component parts), break
up, decompose, analyze (‫ ھـ‬s.th.): to make
a chemical analysis (‫ ھـ‬of s.th.): to be
dissolvent, act as a solvent (‫ ھـ‬on; med.):
to discharge, absolve, clear, exonerate,
exculpate (‫ ه‬s.o.); (‫ تحلة‬taḥilla) to expiate
an oath: to make permissible or lawful,
legitimate, sanction, justify, warrant (‫ھـ‬
s.th.); to declare permissible or lawful,
allow, permit (‫ ھـ‬s.th.) IV to discharge,
release, absolve, disengage (‫ من ه‬s.o.
from); to declare (‫ ھـ‬s.th.) lawful, legally
permissible, permit, allow (‫ ھـ‬s.th.); to
cause to set in or occur, bring about,
produce, cause to take root, establish,
stabilize (‫ ھـ‬s.th.): to cause (‫ ھـ‬s.th.) to take
or occupy the place (‫ ھـ‬of), shift, move,
translocate (‫ ھـ ھـ‬s.th., e.g., a tribe, to a
place); to settle (‫ بين ھـ‬s.th. among) │‫احله‬
‫( محل‬maḥallahū) to cause s.o. or s.th. to
take the place of s.o. or s.th. else, replace
s.o. or s.th. by, substitute s.o. or s.th. for,
take s.o. or s.th. as substitute for; ‫أحل الشيء‬
‫( محل العناية‬maḥalla l-‘ināya) to pay
attention to s.th., make s.th. one’s concern
V to dissolve, melt, disintegrate; to
disengage o.s., disassociate o.s., extricate
o.s., free o.s. (‫ من‬from) VII to be untied
(knot); to be solved, be unraveled
(problem); to be dissolved, be broken up,
be disbanded (also, of an organization, a
party, etc.); to dissolve, melt; to become
.lock, limp, weak, loose, relaxed; to
disintegrate; to melt away VIII to settle
down (‫ ھـ‬at a place); to occupy (mil., ‫ ھـ‬a
territory); to assume, take over, occupy,
hold, have (‫ ھـ‬a place, 198 a rank, an
office) │‫( احتل المكان األول‬al-makāna l-
awwala) to occupy the foremost place;
‫( احتل أعماله‬a‘mālahū) to take over s.o.’s
functions X to regard (‫ ھـ‬s.th.) as
permissible or lawful, think that one may
do s.th. (‫ ;)ھـ‬to regard as fair game, as easy
prey, seize unlawfully, misappropriate,
usurp (‫ ھـ‬s.th.)
‫ حل‬ḥall pl. ‫ حلول‬ḥulūl untying,
unfastening, undoing (of a knot); solution
(of a problem, of a puzzle, etc.);
unriddling, unraveling, explanation;
solution (chem.); dissolution,
disbandment, breaking up (of all
organization, etc.), abolition, cancellation,
annulment; release, freeing, liberation;
decontrol, release, unblocking (e.g., of a
blocked sum); discharge. clearing,
exoneration, exculpation; absolution
(Chr.) │‫ قابل للحل‬soluble, solvable; O ‫الحل‬
‫( الطيفي‬ṭaifī) spectral analysis; ‫اھل الحل والعقد‬
ahl al-ḥ. wa-l-‘aqd or ‫( اھل الحل والربط‬rabṭ)
influential people, those in power; ‫في حله‬
‫( وترحاله‬tarḥālihī) in all his doings, in
everything he did
‫ حل‬ḥill: (‫( عن( كان في حل من‬ḥillin) he was
free to …, he was at liberty to ...; he had
free disposal of ...; ‫ انت في حل من‬you’re free
to ..., you may readily ...
‫ حلة‬ḥalla pl. ‫ حلل‬ḥilal low copper
vessel; cooking pot (eg.)
‫ حلة‬ḥilla way station, stopping place,
stop, stopover; encampment; absolution
(Chr.); dispensation (Chr.)
‫ حلة‬ḥulla pl. ‫ حلل‬ḥulal clothing, dress,
garb; vestments (ecclesiastic; Chr.);
(complete) suit of clothes; (Western) suit
│‫( حلة رسمية‬rasmīya) uniform; ‫ حلة السھرة‬ḥ.
as-suhra formal dress
‫ حالل‬ḥalāl that which is allowed,
permitted or permissible; allowed,
permitted, permissible, allowable,
admissible, lawful, legal, licit, legitimate;
lawful possession │‫ ابن حالل‬ibn ḥ.
legitimate son; respectable man, decent
fellow
‫ حلول‬ḥulūl stopping, putting up, staying;
descending, coming on, befalling,
overtaking; incarnation; setting in, advent,
arrival (of a time, of a deadline),
beginning, dawn; substitution (for s.o.)
‫ حليل‬ḥalīl pl. ‫ احالء‬aḥillā’2 husband
‫ حليلة‬ḥalīla pl. ‫ حالئل‬ḥalā’il2 iI' wife
‫ احليل‬iḥlīl outer opening of the urethra;
urethra (anat.)
‫ محل‬maḥall pl. -āt, ‫ محال‬maḥāll2 place,
location, spot, site, locale, locality, center;
(place of) residence; business; business
house, firm, commercial house; store,
shop; object, cause (e.g., of dispute,
admiration, etc.); gear (automobile) │‫حل‬
‫ محله‬and ‫ احله محله‬see ‫ حل‬I and IV; ‫محله‬
(maḥallahū) in his (its) place; ‫ في محله‬in
his (its) place, in his (its) stead, instead of
him; ‫ كان في محله‬to be in the right place; to
be appropriate, expedient, advisable; to be
justified, warranted; ‫ في غير محله‬improper,
misplaced, unsuitable, ill-suited; out of
place; inappropriate, inexpedient,
inopportune; ‫ صادف محله‬ṣādafa maḥallahū
to be convenient, be most opportune; ‫ال‬
‫( محل له‬maḥalla) there is no room for ... ; it
is out of place, quite déplacé; ‫ محل العمل‬m.
al-‘amal place of employment; ‫محل االقامة‬
m. al-iqāma (place of) residence, address;
‫( محل نجاري‬tijārī) business house,
commercial house; ‫المحالت العمومية‬
(‘umūmīya, tijārīya) public utilities and
commercial houses; ‫ اسم المحل‬ism al-m.
firm; ‫ محل رھونات‬m. ruhūnāt pawnshop;
‫محالالت السياحة‬m. as-siyāḥfa travel
agencies; ‫ محل مرطبات‬m. muraṭṭibāt
refreshment parlor; ‫ محل اللھو‬m. al-lahw
and ‫ محل المالھي‬m. al-malāhī (pl. ‫)محال‬
amusement center; ‫ محل نزاع‬m. nizā‘ object
199 of controversy, controversial matter;
‫ ال ارى محال لعجب‬lā arā m. li-‘ajabin I don’t
see any reason for amazement, there is
nothing to be astonished about; ‫ محل‬m.
naẓar s.th. deserving attention, a striking,
remarkable thing
‫ محلي‬maḥallī local; native, indigenous;
parochial; pl. ‫ محليات‬local news, local page
(of a newspaper)
‫ محل‬maḥill due date; date of delivery
‫ محلة‬maḥalla pl. -āt way station,
stopping place, stop, stopover,
encampment; camp; section, part, quarter
(of a city) │‫( المحلة الكبرى‬kubrā) Mahalla el
Kubra (city in N Egypt)
‫ تحليل‬taḥlīl dissolution, resolution,
breaking up, decomposition, specification,
detailing, analyzation; (pl. ‫ تحاليل‬taḥālīl2)
analysis (chem.); absolution (Chr.) │
‫ بالتحليل‬in detail; ‫ معمل تحليل‬ma‘mal t.
laboratory for chemical analyses; ‫تحليل‬
‫( كھربائي‬kahrabā’ī) electrolysis; ‫التحليل‬
‫( )النفسي )النفساني‬nafsī) psychoanalysis
‫ تحليلي‬taḥlīlī analytic(al)
‫ تحلل‬taḥallul dissolution, breakup;
separation, disengagement, disassociation
‫ انحالل‬inḥilāl dissolution, breakup,
decomposition; disintegration; decay,
putrefaction; slackening, exhaustion,
prostration, weakness, impotence
‫ احتالل‬iḥtilāl occupation (mil.) │‫جيوش‬
‫ االحتالل‬occupation forces
‫ احتاللي‬iḥtilālī occupying, occupation
(used attributively); advocate of foreign
occupation
‫ محلول‬maḥlūl solved; dissolved,
resolved, broken up; loose; untied,
unfastened, unfettered, free, at large;
weakened, prostrate, exhausted, languid;
solution (liquid; chem.) │‫ محلول الشعر‬m.
aš-ša‘ar with loose, disheveled hair
‫ محلل‬muḥallil analyzer
‫ منحل‬munḥall solved; dissolved,
resolved, broken up; disbanded; languid,
prostrate, weak; permitted, allowed
‫ جيوش محتلة‬juyūš muḥtalla occupation
forces
2
‫ حيلولة‬see ‫حول‬
2
‫ حلب‬ḥālaba i u (ḥalb) to milk (‫ ھـ‬an animal) │
‫ حلب الدھر اشطره‬ḥalaba d-dahra ašṭurahū
he has seen good and bad days V to run,
drip, trickle, ooze, seep, leak; to water.
drool (mouth, with appetite) │‫تتحلب له‬
‫( األفواه‬afwāh) making the mouth water,
appetizing; ‫( تحلب اللعاب في فمي‬al-lu‘ābu fī
famī) my mouth was watering VIII to milk
(‫ ھـ‬an animal) X do.; to squeeze juice (‫ھـ‬
from)
‫ حلب‬ḥalb milking
‫ حلب‬ḥalab milk
‫ حلبة‬ḥalba pl. ḥalabāt race track; arena;
dance floor; race horses │‫ حلبة الرقص‬ḥ. ar-
raqṣ dance floor; ‫ انه ليس من تلك الحلبة‬he is
not made for that, he doesn’t belong there,
it is not in his line; ‫ فارس حلبة ب‬a master of,
excelling or outstanding in
‫ حلبة‬ḥulba fenugreek (Trigonella
foenum-graecum; bot.); tonic, prepared of
yellowish grains, for women in childbed
(eg., syr.)
‫ حليب‬ḥalīb milk │‫ لبن حليب‬laban ḥ.
cow’s milk (eg.)
‫ حلوب‬ḥalūb lactiferous │‫بقرة حلوب‬
(baqara) milk cow; ‫( الماشية الحلوب‬māšiya)
dairy cattle
‫ حالب‬ḥallāb milker
‫ حالبة‬ḥallāba milkmaid, dairymaid;
dairywoman; milk cow 200
‫ محلب‬maḥlab mahaleb (Prunus mahaleb;
bot.)
‫ حالب‬ḥālib ureter
 ‫ مستحلب‬mustaḥlab emulsion│‫مستحلب اللوز‬
m. al-lauz almond milk
2
‫ حلب‬ḥalab2 Aleppo
‫ حلتيت‬ḥiltīt, ḥaltīt asafetida (Ferula assafoetida;
bot.)
‫ حلج‬ḥalaja i u (ḥalj, ‫ حليج‬ḥalīj) to gin (‫ھـ‬
cotton)
‫ حلج‬ḥalj ginning (of cotton)
‫ حليج‬ḥalīj ginning (of cotton); ginned
(cotton)
‫ حالجة‬ḥilāja cotton ginner’s work or
trade
‫ حالج‬ḥallāj cotton ginner
‫ محلج‬miḥlaj, ‫ محلجة‬miḥlaja pl. ‫محالج‬
maḥālij2 cotton gin
‫ محلج‬maḥlaj pl. ‫ محالج‬maḥālij2 cotton
ginnery
‫ حلحل‬ḥalḥala to remove, drive away, shove
away II taḥalḥala to stir from one’s place;
to move, stir, budge
‫ حلزون‬ḥalazūn snail; spiral
‫ حلزونة‬ḥalazūna (n. un.) snail; spiral
‫ حلزونى‬ḥalazūnī spiral, helical, volute,
‫ حلق‬ḥalaqa i (ḥalq) to shave (‫ ھـ‬the head, the
winding
‫ حلس‬ḥalisa a to remain, stay permanently (‫ ب‬at
a place), stick (‫ ب‬to a place)
‫ حلس‬ḥi1s pl. ‫ احالس‬aḥlās (with foll.
genit.) one addicted or given to s.th., one
adhering to s.th.│‫ احالس اللھو‬a. al-lahw
people given to pleasure and amusement,
bons vivants, playboys
‫ حلس‬ḥils pl. ‫ احالس‬aḥlās, ‫ حلوس‬ḥulūs
saddle blanket
‫ احلس‬aḥlas2, f. ‫ حلساء‬ḥulasā’2 bay,
chestnut (horse)
‫ حلف‬ḥalafa i (ḥalf, ḥilf) to swear ( ‫ با‬by God)│
‫( حلف يمينا‬yamīnan) to take an oath II to
make (‫ ه‬s.o.) swear; to put to oath, swear
in (‫ ه‬s.o.); to adjure, entreat earnestly (‫ه‬
s.o.) III to enter into a confederation, into
an alliance (‫ ه‬with s.o.), become an ally (‫ه‬
of s.o.) VI to commit one another by oath
(‫ على‬to do s.th.), join in alliance; to ally,
makc an alliance (‫ مع‬with) X to make (‫ه‬
s.o.) swear, exact an oath (‫ ه‬from s.o.); to
adjure, entreat earllestly (‫ ه‬s.o.)
‫ حلف‬ḥalf, ḥilf swearing, oath│ ‫حلف اليمين‬
taking the oath
‫ حلف‬ḥilf sworn alliance, confederacy,
league; federation; (pl. ‫ احالف‬aḥlāf) ally│
‫‘( حلف عسكرى‬aakarī) military alliancc;
‫( الحلف االطلنطى‬aṯlanṯī) the Atlantic Pact
‫ حليف‬ḥaīf pl. ‫ حلفاء‬ḥulafā’2 confederate;
ally; allied │‫ الحلفاء‬the Allies (pol.)
‫ حليفة‬ḥalīfa pl. -āt f. of ‫حليف‬
‫ حلوف‬ḥallūf pl. ‫ حالليف‬ḥalālīf2 (magr.,
eg.) wild boar; pig, swine
‫ حلفاء‬ḥulafā’ and ‫ حلفة‬ḥalfa (bot.) alfa,
esparto
‫ تحليف‬taḥlīf swearing in │‫لجنة التحليف‬
lajnat at-t. the jury (in court)
‫ محالفة‬muḥālafa alliance
‫ تحالف‬taḥāluf state of alliance; alliance,
treaty of alliance
‫ محلف‬muḥallaf sworn, bound by oath;
(pl. -ūn) juror (in court)
‫ متحالف‬mutaḥālif interallied, allied
face); to shave off (‫ ھـ‬the beard) II to
circle in the air, hover; to fly, soar (bird;
airplane; ‫ على‬and ‫ )فوق‬over or above s.th.);
to round, make round, circular or ring-
shaped (‫ ھـ‬Sotho); to 201 ring, surround,
encircle (‫ على‬s.o., s.th.); to clothe V to
form a circle, sit in a circle; to gather in a
circle (‫ على‬around s.o.)
‫ حلق‬ḥalq shaving, shave; (pl. ‫ حلوق‬ḥulūq,
‫ احالق‬aḥlāq) throat, gullet, pharynx
‫ حلقى‬ḥalqī guttural, pharyngeal
‫ حلق‬ḥalaq rings, earrings
‫ حلقة‬ḥalqa, ḥalaqa pl. ‫ حلق‬ḥalaq, ‫حلقات‬
ḥalaqāt ring (also earring, etc.); link (of a
chain); circle (also of people); group of
students studying under a professor,
hence: lecture, course (e.g., at Al Azhar
University); part of a sequence or series;
ringlet; disk; decade; market│ ‫ حلقة النجاة‬ḥ.
an-najāh life buoy, life preserver; Jl- ‫حلقة‬
‫ االتصال‬ḥ. al-ittiṣāl and ‫ حلقة الوصل‬ḥ. al-
waṣl connecting link (‫ بين‬between; fig.);
 ‫ الحلقة المفقودة‬the missing link, the
intermediate form; ‫فى الحلقة السادسة من عمره‬
(‘umrihī) in the sixth decade of his life, in
his fifties; ‫ حلقة االسماك‬fish market; ‫حلقة القطن‬
ḥ. al-quṯn cotton market
‫ حلقي‬ḥalaqī annular, ring-shaped,
circular
‫ حالق‬ḥallāq pl. -ūn barber │‫حالق صحي‬
(ṣiḥḥī), ‫ حالق الصحة‬ḥ. aṣ-ṣiḥḥa barber-
surgeon
‫ حليق‬ḥalīq shaved, shaven, shorn
‫ حالقة‬ḥallāqa shaving, shave; barber’s
trade │ ‫ صابون الحالقة‬ṣābūn al-ḥ. shaving
soap; ‫ صالون الحالقة‬barbershop; ‫قاعة الحالقة‬
qā‘at al-ḥ. do.; O ‫ ماكينة حالقة‬and O ‫آلة حالقة‬
safety razor
‫ محلق‬miḥlaq pl. ‫ محالق‬maḥāliq2 straight
razor
‫ تحليق‬taḥlīq flying, flight (of all aircraft;
‫ على‬and ‫ فوق‬over a country); take-off (of
an airplane)
(‫ حلو‬and ‫ )حلى‬ḥaluwa u, ḥaliya a, ‫ حال‬ḥalā u (
‫ من حالق‬min ḥāliq from above
‫ حلقوم‬ḥulqūm pl. ‫ حالقم‬ḥalāqim2 throat, gullet │
‫ راحة الحلقوم‬rāḥat al-ḥ. a kind of sweet
made of cornstarch, sugar, mastic and
pistachios (eg.)
‫ حلك‬ḥalika a (ḥalak) to be pitch-black, deep-
black XII ‫ احلولك‬iḥlaulaka do.
‫ حلك‬ḥalak intense blackness
‫ حلكة‬ḥulka intense blackness
‫ حلك‬ḥalik pitch-black, deep-black;
gloomy, murky
‫ حلوكة‬ḥulūka gloominess, darkness;
blackness
‫ حالك‬ḥālik pitch-black, deep-black;
gloomy, murky
‫ حلم‬ḥalama u to dream (‫ ب‬or ‫ عن‬of; ‫ فى ان‬of
being, becoming, doing, etc., in the
future); to muse, reflect, meditate (‫ ب‬on
s.th.); to attain puberty; -- ḥaluma u to be
gentle, mild-tempered VIII to attain
puberty
‫ حلم‬ḥulm, pl. ‫ احالم‬aḥlām, dream; pl.
irreality, utopia
‫ حلمي‬ḥulmī dream- (in compounds), of
or pertaining to dreams
‫ حلم‬ḥulum sexual maturity, puberty │ ‫بلغ‬
‫الحلم‬to attain puberty
‫ حلم‬ḥilm, pl. ‫ حلوم‬ḥulūm, ‫ احالم‬aḥlām
gentleness, clemency, mildness;
forbearance, indulgence; patience; insight,
discernment, understanding, intelligence,
reason │ ‫ صغار االحالم‬simpleminded
people, simple souls
‫ حلم‬ḥalam (coll.; n. un. ‫ )ة‬tick; mite;
nipple, teat, mammilla (of the female
breast)
‫ حلمي‬ḥalamī parasitic; mammillary,
nipple-shaped
‫ حليم‬ḥalīm, pl. ‫ حلماء‬ḥulamā’ 2 mild, mild-
tempered, gentle; patient 202
‫حلوم‬ḥālūm, ‫ حالوم‬ḥālūm a kind of
Egyptian cheese
‫ حالم‬ḥālim pl. -ūn dreamer
‫ محتلم‬muḥtalim sexually mature,
pubescent, marriageable
‫ حالوة‬ḥalāwa, ‫ حلوان‬ḥulwān) to be sweet; to
be pleasant, agreeable (‫ ل‬to s.o.) │‫حال له‬
‫ الشيء‬he enjoyed the thing; ‫ حال له ان‬it
pleased him that ..., he was delighted
that ...; ‫( حسبما يحلو له‬ḥasabamā) at his
discretion, as he pleases; -- ‫ حلى‬ḥalā i to
adorn, grace; -- ‫ حلى‬ḥaliya a to be adorned
(‫ ب‬with) II to sweeten (II s.th., e.g., a
beverage with sugar); to adorn, bedeck,
embellish, attire, furnish, provide (‫ ه‬،‫ھـ‬
s.o., s.th., ‫ ب‬with) V to adorn o.s., be
adorned, decked out, embellished, graced,
endowed, furnished, provided (‫ ب‬with) X
to find sweet or pleasant, like (‫ ھـ‬s.th.), be
delighted (‫ ھـ‬by)
‫ حال‬ḥalan sweetness, pleasantness
‫ حلو‬ḥulw sweet; pleasant, nice,
charming, delightful, pretty │‫ حلو الحديث‬a
gifted raconteur, amusing, entertaining;
‫( الغدة الحلوة‬gudda) pancreas (anat.)
‫ حلي‬ḥaly pl. ‫ حلي‬ḥulīy piece of jewelry,
trinket
‫ حلية‬ḥilya pl. ‫ حلى‬ḥilan, ḥulan
decoration, embellishment, finery;
ornament
‫ حلوى‬ḥalwa pl. ‫ حالوى‬ḥalāwa candy,
confection, confectionery, sweetmeats
 ‫ حلواء‬fi.alwa'2 candy, confection, con·
fectionery, sweetmeats
‫ حلويات‬ḥalwayāt (and eg. ḥalawīyāt)
sweets (in general); sweet pastry; candies,
confectionery, sweetmeats
‫ حالوة‬ḥalāwa sweetness; candies,
confectionery, sweetmeats; grace,
gracefulness, charm, refinement,
wittiness, wit; present of money; ransom
│ ‫( حالوة حمصية‬ḥummuṣīya) a sweet made
of roasted chick-peas; ‫حالوة طحينية‬
(ṭahīnīya) a sweet made of sesame-seed
meal; ‫( حالوة لوزية‬lauzīya) a sweet made of
almonds
‫ حلوان‬ḥulwān present of money,
gratuity, tip
‫ حلواني‬ḥalwānī and ‫ حلوائي‬ḥalwā’ī
confectioner, candy dealer; pastry cook,
fancy baker
‫ ما احيلى‬mā uḥailā oh, how sweet is ...,
‫ ما احياله‬oh, how sweet he is!
‫ تحلية‬taḥliya decoration, embellishment,
ornamentation
‫ محلى‬muḥallan sweetened; decorated,
embellished, adorned, ornamented (‫ب‬
with)
1
‫ حم‬ḥam pl. ‫ احماء‬aḥmā’ father-in-law; pl.
relatives of the wife by marriage, in-laws
of the wife
‫ حماة‬ḥamāh pl. ‫ حموات‬ḥamawāt mother-
in-law; see also 1 ‫ حمى‬and 2‫حمى‬
2
‫ حم‬ḥuma see 2 ‫حمو‬
3
‫ حم‬ḥamma u (ḥamm) to heat, make hot (‫ھـ‬
s.th.); pass. ḥumma to be feverish, have a
fever │‫( حم له ذلك‬ḥumma) that was decreed
to him, that is his lot, his destiny II to
heat, make hot (‫ ھـ‬s.th.); to bathe, wash (‫ھـ‬
or ‫ ه‬s.o. or s.th.) IV to heat, make hot (‫ھـ‬
s.th.) X to bathe, take a bath
‫ حمة‬ḥamma hot spring
‫ حمة‬ḥumma blackness, swarthiness,
dark coloration; fever
‫ حمم‬ḥumam (n. un. ‫ )ة‬charcoal; anything
charred or carbonized; ashes, cinder; lava
‫ حمى‬ḥumma f., pl. ‫ حميات‬ḥummayāt
fever, fever heat │‫ الحمى التيفودية‬and ‫الحمى‬
‫( التيفية‬tīfīya) typhoid fever, typhus fever;
‫ حمى الدق‬ḥ. d-diqq hectic fever; ‫ حمى الربع‬ḥ.
r-rib‘ quartan fever; ‫ الحمى الراجعة‬relapsing
fever; ‫ الحمى الصفراء‬or ‫الحمى الصفراوية‬
(ṣafrā’, ṣafrāwīya) yellow fever; ‫حمى الغب‬
ḥ. l-gibb tertian fever; ‫الحمى الفحمية‬
(faḥmīya) anthrax; ‫الحمى القرمزية‬
(qirmizīya) scarlet fever; ‫ حمى القش‬ḥ. l-
qašš hayfever; ‫( الحمى القالعية‬qulā‘īya) foot-
and-mouth disease; ‫الحمى المخية الشوكية‬
(mukkīya, šaukīya) cerebrospinal
meningitis; ‫( الحمى المتموجة‬mutamawwija)
undulant fever, Malta fever, brucellosis;
‫( الحمى النفاسية‬nifāsīya) puerperal fever,
childbed fever; O ‫( الحمى النمشية‬namašīya)
spotted fever
‫ حمي‬ḥummī feverish, febrile, fever- (in
compounds)
‫ حمام‬ḥamām (coll.; n. un. ‫ )ة‬pl. -āt, ‫حمائم‬
ḥamā’im2 dove, pigeon │‫ حمام الزاجل‬carrier
pigeon; ‫ ساق الحمام‬bugloss, oxtongue
(Anchusa officinalis; bot.)
‫ حمام‬ḥimām (fate of) death
‫ حمام‬ḥammām pl. -āt bath; swimming
pool; spa, watering place │‫ حمام شمس‬ḥ.
šams sunbath; ‫( حمامات بحرية‬baḥrīya)
seaside resorts
‫ حميم‬ḥamīm pl. ‫ احماء‬aḥimmā’2 close
friend; close, intimate; -- hot water
‫ احم‬aḥamm2, f. ‫ حماء‬ḥammā’2, pl. ‫حم‬
ḥumm black
‫ محم‬miḥamm hot-water kettle, caldron,
boiler
‫ استحمام‬istiḥmām bathing, bath
‫ محموم‬maḥmūm feverish, having a
fever; frantic, hectic
1
‫ حمأ‬ḥama’a a to clean out, dredge (‫ ھـ‬a well)
‫ حمأ‬ḥama’, ‫ حمأة‬ḥam’a mud, mire, sludge
2
‫ حمئ‬ḥami’a to be or become angry, furious,
mad (‫ على‬at s.o.)
‫ حمحم‬ḥamḥama (‫ حمحمة‬ḥamḥama) to neigh,
whinny (horse)
‫ حمحمة‬ḥamḥama neigh(ing), whinnying,
whinnies
‫ حمحم‬ḥimḥim oxtongue, bugloss
(Anchusa officinalis; bot.)
‫ حمد‬ḥamida a (ḥamd) to praise, commend,
laud, extol (‫ على ه‬s.o. for, ‫ ھـ‬s.th.) II to
praise highly (‫ ه‬s.o.)
‫ حمد‬ḥamd commendation, praise,
laudation │ ‫ الحمد‬al-ḥamdu lillāh thank
God! praise be to God! praised be the
Lord!
‫ حميد‬ḥamīd praiseworthy, laudable,
commendable; benign, harmless (disease)
‫ حمود‬ḥamūd praiseworthy, laudable,
commendable, praised
‫ احمد‬aḥmad2 more laudable, more
commendable
‫ الشريعة األحمدية‬aš-šarī‘a al-aḥmadīya
Mohammedan Law
‫ محمدة‬maḥmada pl. ‫ محامد‬maḥāmid2
commendable act; pl. ‫ محامد‬praises,
encomiums
‫ محمود‬maḥmūd praised; commendable,
laudable, praiseworthy
‫ محمد‬muḥammad praised;
commendable, laudable
‫ محمدي‬muḥammadī pertaining or
attributable to Mohammed
‫ حمدل‬ḥamdala to pronounce the formula ‫الحمد‬
"Praise be to God!”
‫ حمدلة‬ḥamdala the formula ‫( الحمد‬see
above)
‫ حمر‬II to redden, color or dye red (‫ ھـ‬s.th.); to
roast (‫ ھـ‬s.th.); to fry (‫ ھـ‬s.th.); to brown (‫ھـ‬
flour in preparing a roux) IX to turn red,
take on a reddish color, redden, blush 204
‫ حمر‬ḥumar asphalt
‫ حمري‬ḥumarī asphaltic, asphalt, tar,
tarry
‫ حمرة‬ḥumra redness, red color(ation),
red; rouge (cosm.); brick dust, brick
rubble; erysipelas, St. Anthony's fire
(med.)
‫ حمار‬ḥimār pl. ‫ حمير‬ḥamīr, ‫ حمر‬ḥumur,
‫ احمرة‬aḥmira donkey, ass │‫ حمار الوحش‬ḥ.
al-waḥš and ‫( حمار وحشي‬waḥšī) wild ass,
onager; ‫ سم الحمار‬samm al-ḥ. oleander
(Nerium oleander; bot.)
‫ حمارة‬ḥimāra pl. ‫ حمائر‬ḥamā’ir2 she-ass,
female donkey
‫ حمور‬ḥumūr red, red color(ation),
redness
‫ حميرة‬ḥumaira redstart (zool.)
‫ حمار‬ḥammār pl. ‫ ة‬donkey driver
‫ احمر‬aḥmar2, f. ‫ حمراء‬ḥamrā’2, pl. ‫حمر‬
ḥumr red, red-colored, ruddy; rosy, pink │
‫ دون األحمر‬،‫ تحت األحمر‬infrared; ‫البحر األحمر‬
the Red Sea; ‫ الصليب األحمر‬the Red Cross;
‫( الموت األحمر‬maut) violent death; ‫الھوى‬
‫( األحمر‬hawā) sexual intercourse; ‫األحمران‬
(“the two red ones”, i.e.) wine and meat;
‫“( االسود واالحمر‬the black and the red”, i.e.)
all mankind; ‫ احمر الشفاه‬lipstick
‫ حمراء‬ḥamrā’2 smut, rust (disease
affecting cereals); ‫ الحمراء‬Alhambra, the
Citadel of Granada
‫ يحمور‬yaḥmūr red; deer, roe, roebuck;
wild ass; hemoglobin (physiol.)
‫ احمرار‬iḥmirār reddening, blush(ing),
redness, red coloration; erythema (med.)
‫ محمر‬muḥammar roasted │‫بطاطس محمرة‬
(baṭāṭis) fried potatoes
‫ حمز‬ḥamaza i (ḥamz) to bite, or burn, the
tongue (taste)
‫ حمس‬ḥamisa a to work with zeal, be zealous,
eager, ardent, be or become enthusiastic,
get all worked up, get excited, be filled
with fanatic enthusiasm V = I; to be
overzealous or over-enthusiastic (‫ في‬in
s.th.); to advocate fervently (‫ ل‬s.th.),
throw o.s. wholeheartedly behind s.th. (‫)ل‬
‫ حمس‬ḥamis and ‫ احمس‬aḥmas2
unflinching, staunch, steadfast, ardent,
eager, zealous, stout, hearty; fiery,
enthusiastic, full of enthusiasm
‫ حماس‬ḥamās, and ‫ حماسة‬ḥamāsa
enthusiasm, fire, ardor, fervor, zeal,
fanaticism
‫ حماسي‬ḥamāsī enthusiastic, ardent,
fiery, zealous, fanatic; stirring, rousing,
thrilling, electrifying
‫ تحمس‬taḥammus unflinching zeal,
enthusiasm (‫ ل‬for), fanaticism
‫ متحمس‬mutaḥammis enthusiastic,
ardent, fiery, zealous, fanatic; an ardent
follower, a fanatic adherent, a fanatic
‫ حمش‬ḥamaša u to excite, irritate, infuriate,
enrage (‫ ه‬s.o.)
‫ حمشة‬ḥamša catgut (med.)
‫ حمل‬ḥamala i (ḥaml) to carry, bear (‫ ھـ‬s.th.); to
1
‫ حمص‬II to roast; to fry, broil (A s.th.)
‫ حمص‬ḥimmiṣ, ḥimmmaṣ; (colloq.)
ḥummuṣ (coll.; n. un. ‫ )ة‬chick-pea
2
‫ حمص‬Mm,' Homs (the ancient Emesa, city in
oentral Syria)
‫ حمض‬ḥamuḍa u (‫ حموضة‬ḥumūḍa) to be or
become sour II to make sour, sour,
acidify, acidulate (‫ ھـ‬s.th.); to develop (‫ ھـ‬a
photographic plate, a film; phot.); to cause
(‫ ھـ‬s.th.) to oxidize
‫ حمض‬ḥamaḍa pl. ‫ احماض‬aḥmāḍ acid
(chem.) │‫( حمض بولي‬baulī) uric acid
‫ شجر حمضي‬šajar ḥamḍī citrus trees
‫ حمضية‬ḥamḍīya pl. -āt citrus fruit 205
‫ حموضة‬hummūḍa sourness, acidity │
‫ مولد الحموضة‬muwallid al-ḥ. oxygen
(chem.)
‫ حماض‬ḥammāḍ, ‫ حميض‬ḥummaiḍ sorrel
(bot.)
‫ تحميض‬taḥmīḍ souring, acidification;
development (phot.)
‫ احماض‬iḥmāḍ jocular language, joking
remark
‫ حامض‬sour, acid; acidulous; (pl. ‫حوامض‬
ḥawāmiḍ) acid (chem.) │‫ حامض الفحم‬ḥ. al-
faḥm carbonic acid: ‫( حامض كبريتي‬kibrītī)
sulphuric acid
‫ حمق‬ḥamiqa a and ḥamuqa u (ḥumq, ‫حماقة‬
ḥamāqa) to be stupid, silly, foolish,
fatuous; to become angry or furious II and
IV to regard (‫ ه‬s.o.) as a fool, consider (‫ه‬
s.o.) dumb, stupid, idiotic n pretend to be
stupid VII to become angry or furious X
to consider (‫ ه‬s.o.) dumb, stupid, idiotic
‫ حمق‬ḥumq stupidity, silliness,
foolishness, folly
‫ حماقة‬ḥamāqa stupidity, silliness,
foolishness, folly; anger, wrath ‫حماق‬
ḥumāq, ḥamāq smallpox, variola (med.)
‫ حمق‬aḥmaq2, f. ‫ حمقاء‬ḥamqā’2, pl. ‫حمق‬
ḥum(u)q, ‫ حمقى‬ḥamqā, ‫ حماقى‬ḥamāqā
dumb, stupid, silly, foolish, fatuous; fool,
simpleton, imbecile
‫ حمق‬ḥamqān dumb, stupid, silly,
foolish; angry, furious
lift, pick up (‫ ھـ‬s.th. in order to carry it),
load up and take along (‫ ھـ‬s.th.): to hold (‫ھـ‬
s.th., in one’s hand); to carry on or with
one. take or bring along (‫ ھـ‬s.th.); to
transport, carry, convey (‫ ھـ‬s.th.); to bring,
take (‫ الى‬or ‫ ل ھـ‬s.th. to s.o.); to take upon
o.s. (‫ عن‬instead of or for s.o., ‫ ھـ‬a burden),
carry, assume (‫ ھـ‬the burden, ‫ عن‬of s.o.
else), relieve (‫ ھـ عن‬s.o. from s.th.), take (
‫ ھـ‬a burden, a grievance, etc.) from s.o. (
‫ ;)عن‬to extend, show, evince, cherish,
ha.rbor (‫ ھـ‬a feeling, ‫ ل‬toward s.o.); to
become or be pregnant (‫ من‬by s.o.): to
bear fruit (tree); to induce, cause, prompt,
get (‫ على ه‬s.o. to do s.th.), make s.o. (‫ )ه‬do
s.th. (‫ ;)على‬to convert, bring around, win
over (‫ على رأيه ه‬s.o. to one’s opinion),
convince (‫ على رأيه ه‬s.o. of one’s opinion);
to attack (‫ على‬s.o.), also ‫حمل حملة على‬
(ḥamlatan) to launch or make an attack
on; to know by beart (‫ ھـ‬a book); to relate,
refer (‫ على ھـ‬s.th. to). bring (‫ ھـ‬s. th.) to
bear (‫ على‬upon s.th.), link, correlate, bring
into relation (‫ ھـ‬s.th., ‫ على‬with); to trace,
trace back (‫ على ھـ‬s.th. to); to ascribe,
attribute, impute (‫ على ھـ‬s.th. to s.o.); to
make (‫ ھـ‬a word) agree grammatically (‫على‬
with another) │ ‫حمل في نفسه‬to feel
annoyed, be in a melancholy mood, feel
blue; ‫ حمل على نفسه‬to pull o.s. together,
brace o.s.; ‫( حمله على محمل‬maḥmali) to take
s.th. to mean …, interpret or construe s.th.
in the sense of …, as if it were ...; ‫حمله على‬
‫ غير محمل‬to misinterpret, misconstrue s.th.;
‫( حمله محمل الجد‬maḥmala l-jidd) to take s.th.
seriously, take s.th. at face value II to have
or make (‫ ه‬s.o.) carry or bear (‫ ھـ‬s.th.),
load, burden, charge, task (‫ ه‬،‫ ھـ‬s.o. or s.th.
‫ ھـ‬with), impose (‫ ھـ ه‬on s.o. s.th.) V to
hear, assume, take upon o.s. (‫ ھـ‬s.th., e.g.,
‫ النفقات‬an-nafaqāt the expenses, ‫ المسؤولية‬al-
mas’ūlīya the responsibility); to bear up (
‫ ھـ‬under), bear, stand, sustain, endure,
tolerate, stomach (‫ ھـ‬s.th.); to undergo,
suffer (‫ ھـ‬s.th.); to be able to stand (‫ ه‬s.o.)
or put up (‫ ه‬with s.o.); to set out, get on
one’s way; to depart VI to maltreat, treat
unjustly (‫ على‬s.o.), be prejudiced, be
biased, take sides (‫ على‬against s.o.); to
struggle to 206 one’s feet, rise with great
effort │ ‫( تحامل على نفسه‬nafsihi) to brace
o.s.; to pull o.s. together, take heart, pluck
up courage VIII to carry, bring (‫ ھـ‬s.th.);
to carry away, take away, haul off, lug off
(‫ ھـ‬s.th.); to suffer, undergo, bear, stand,
endure, sustain (‫ ھـ‬s.th.); to allow, permit,
suffer, tolerate, brook, stomach (‫ ھـ‬s.th.),
acquiesce (‫ ھـ‬in), put up, bear (‫ ھـ‬with
s.th.); to hold (‫ ھـ‬s.th.), have capacity (‫ھـ‬
for); to imply that s.th. (‫ )ھـ‬is possible,
permissible, or conceivable; ‫يحتمل‬
yaḥtamilu and (pass.) yuḥtamalu (it is)
bearable, tolerable; (it is) conceivable,
possible, probable, likely
‫ حمل‬ḥaml carrying, bearing;
inducement, prompting, encouragement
(of s.o., ‫ على‬to); delivery; transport,
transportation, conveyance; portage,
carrying charges; -- (pl. ‫ احمال‬aḥmāl, ‫حمال‬
ḥimāl) foetus; pregnancy │‫عدم الحمل‬
‘adam al-ḥ. sterility (of a woman)
‫ حمل‬ḥiml, ḥaml pl. ‫ احمال‬aḥmāl cargo,
load, burden │‫ حمل حي‬ḥaml ḥayy pay load,
commercial load, live load; ‫حمل ميت‬
mayyit) dead load; dead weight (arch.);
‫( حمل موازن‬muwāzin) counterpoise,
counterweight
‫ حمل‬ḥamal pl. ‫ حمالن‬ḥumlān, ‫احمال‬
aḥmāl lamb; (unconsecrated) Host
(Chr.Copt.); Aries, Ram (astron.)
‫ حملة‬ḥamla pl. ḥamalāt attack (‫ على‬on);
offensive; campaign; military expedition;
expeditionary force │‫( حملة تأديبية‬ta’dībīya)
punitive expedition; m‫حملة صحافيي‬
(ṣiḥāfīya) press campaign; ‫حملة استكشافية‬
(istikšāfīya) reconnaissance raid (mil.);
‫ حملة ميكانيكية‬motorized detachment (mil.);
‫( حملة انتخابية‬intikābīya) election campaign
‫ حملي‬ḥamalī pl. -īya ambulant water
vendor
‫ حميل‬ḥamīl foundling; guarantor,
warrantor
‫ حميلة على‬ḥamīla ‘alā a burden to,
completely dependent upon
‫ حمول‬ḥamūl long-suffering; gentle,
mild-tempered
‫ حمال‬ḥamnāl pl. -ūn, ‫ ة‬porter, carrier
‫ حمالة‬ḥimāla work and trade of a porter
or carrier
‫ حمالة‬ḥammāla (carrier) beam, girder,
support, base, post, pier, pillar; suspenders
│‫( حمالة الصدر‬ṣadr) brassiere
‫ حمولة‬ḥumūla pl. -āt load capacity, load
limit, capacity; tonnage (of a vessel);
portage, freightage, transport charges; (pl.
‫ حمائل‬ḥamā’il2) family (Ir.)
‫ محمل‬maḥmal see ‫ حمل‬ḥamala; also ‫أخذ‬
‫( شيئا على محمل الجد‬m. il-jidd) to take s.th.
seriously
‫ محمل‬maḥmil (colloq. maḥmal) pl. ‫محامل‬
maḥāmil2 camel-borne litter; mahmal, a
richly decorated litter sent by Islamic
rulers to Mecca as an emblem of their
independence, at the time of the hadj
‫ تحميل‬taḥmīl burdening; encumbrance;
imposition; loading, shipping, shipment
‫ تحميلة‬taḥmīla pl. ‫ تحامل‬taḥāmil2
suppository (med.)
‫ تحمل‬taḥammul taking over, assumption
(of burdens); bearing, standing,
sufferance, endurance; durability;
strength,hardiness, sturdiness, solidity (of
a material)
‫ تحامل‬taḥāmul prejudice, bias, partiality;
intolerance
‫ احتمال‬iḥtimāl bearing, standing,
suffering, sufferance, toleration;
probability, likelihood, potentiality │‫صعب‬
‫( االحتمال‬ṣa‘b) hard to bear, oppressive
‫ حامل‬ḥāmil pl. ‫ حملة‬ḥamala porter,
carrier; bearer (of a note, of a check, etc.;
of an order or decoration); holder (of an
identification paper, of a diploma, of a
207 certificate); holding device, holder,
clamp, fastener, hold, support (tech.);
fighter (‫ على‬against), (pl. ‫ حوامل‬ḥawāmil2)
pregnant │‫ حامل البريد‬courier, ‫ حملة األسھم‬ḥ.
al-ashum shareholders; ‫ حملة األقالم‬the
publicists, the writers; ‫ حامل كالم ﷲ‬ḥ.
kalām allāh one who knows the Koran by
heart; ‫( تيار حامل‬tayyār) carrier current
(el.), ‫( موجات حاملة‬maujāt) carrier waves
(el.)
‫ حاملة‬ḥāmila pl. -āt device for carrying,
carrier │ ‫حاملة خريطة‬map case; ‫حاملة طائرات‬
ḥ. ṭā’irāt aircraft carrier
 ‫ محمول‬maḥmūl carried, borne, bearable,
tolerable; load weight, service weight,
cargo; tonnage (of a vessel); predicate,
attribute (logic), ‫ محمول عليه‬subject (logic)
│‫( مشاة محمولة‬mušāh) motorized infantry
(mil.); ‫ جنود محمولون جوا‬airborne troops
(mil.)
‫ محمل‬muḥammal loaded, laden, heavily
charged, burdened (‫ ب‬with), encumbered (
‫ ب‬by)
‫ محتمل‬muḥtamal bearable, tolerable;
probable, likely
‫ حملق‬ḥamlaqa (‫ حملقة‬ḥamlaqa) to stare, gaze (
‫ في‬or ‫ ب‬at)
‫ حماليا‬ḥimalāyā Himalaya
1
‫ حمو‬ḥamū (construct state of ‫ حم‬ḥam) and ‫حماة‬
ḥamāh see 1 ‫حم‬
2
‫ )حمو‬and ‫ حمى( حمي‬ḥamiya a to be or become
hot; to glow (metal); to flare up; to fly into a
rage, become furious (‫ على‬at) │ ‫حمى‬
‫الوطيس‬fierce fighting broke out II to make hot,
heat (‫ ھـ‬s.th.), to heat to glowing (‫ ھـ‬metal); to
fire up (‫ ھـ‬a stove); to kindle, inflame, stir up,
excite (‫ ھـ‬s.th.); to bathe (= 3 ‫ حم‬II) IV to make
hot, heat (‫ ھـ‬s.th.)
‫ حمو‬ḥamw heat │‫ حمو النيل‬ḥ. an-nīl
prickly heat, heat rash, lichen tropicus
(eg.)
‫ حمو‬ḥumūw heat
‫ حمة‬ḥuma pl. -āt, ‫ حمى‬ḥuman sting,
stinger (of insects); prick, spine (of plants)
‫ حمي‬ḥamīy hot, glowing; heated, exited
‫ حمى‬ḥummā see 3 ‫حم‬
‫ حمية‬ḥamīya zeal, ardor, fervor;
enthusiasm, ardent zeal, fanaticism;
violence, vehemence; passion, rage, fury;
heat of excitement; temper, temperament
│ ‫(الحمية القومية‬qaumīya) chauvinism
‫ حميا‬ḥumayyā heat; excitement,
agitation; enthusiasm; fire, passion,
impetuosity, vehemence; fury, rage; wine
‫ حماوة‬ḥamāwa heat
‫ محمى‬maḥman fire chamber, furnace (of
a stove, oven, etc.)
‫ حام‬ḥāmin hot; heated, violent, fierce
(e.g., a battle); glowing, passionate, fiery;
burning
1
‫ حمى‬ḥamā i (ḥamy, ‫ حماية‬ḥimāya) to defend,
guard (‫ ه‬،‫ ھـ‬s.o., s.th., ‫ من‬against), protect,
shelter, shield (‫ ه‬،‫ من ھـ‬s.o., s.th. from); to
deny (‫ المريض‬the patient) harmful food (‫;ھـ‬
= to put him on diet); to forbid (‫ ان ه‬s.o. to
do s.th.) III to defend (‫ من‬s.o. or s.th., also,
of a lawyer in court); to shield, protect,
support (‫ عن‬s.o. or s.th.), take up the cause
of (‫)عن‬, stand up for (‫ )عن‬VI to keep away
(‫ ھـ‬from), shun, avoid (‫ ھـ‬s.th.) VIII to
protect o.s. (‫ ھـ‬،‫ ه‬from s.th., from s.o.),
defend o.s., cover o.s. (‫ ب‬with s.th.), seek
protection, seek shelter or refuge (‫ ب‬with
s.o., also ‫ عند؛ من‬from)
‫ حمى‬ḥiman protection; defense;
sanctuary
‫ حمية‬ḥimya that which is defended; diet
208
‫ حماية‬ḥimāya pl. -āt protection,
patronage, sponsorship, auspices;
protectorate (pol.)
‫ محاماة‬muḥāmāh defense (jur.); legal
profession, practicing of law │ ‫ھيأة المحاماة‬
ḥai’at al-m. the bar
‫ احتماء‬iḥtimā’ seeking cover, seeking
protection; cover, shelter, protection
‫ حام‬ḥāmin pl. ‫ حماة‬ḥumāh protector,
defender, guardian; patron │ ‫الدولة الحامية‬
(daula) protecting power (of a
protectorate)
‫ حامية‬ḥāmiya pl. -āt patroness,
protectress; garrison (mil.)
‫ محمي‬maḥmīy protected (‫ ب‬by); being
under a protectorate, having the status of a
protectorate │‫( منطقة محمية‬minṭaqa)
protectorate (country)
‫ محمية‬maḥmīya pl. -āt protectorate
(country; pol.)
‫ محام‬muḥāmin pl. ‫ محاميون‬muḥāmūn
defense counsel, counselor-at-law, lawyer,
barrister, attorney (at law), advocate
‫ محامية‬muḥāmiya woman lawyer
‫ محتم‬muḥtamin one who seeks
protection; protégé; being under a
 protectorate, having the status of a
protectorate
2
‫ حماه‬،‫ حماة‬ḥamāh Hama (city in W Syria)
‫ حن‬ḥanna i (‫ حنين‬ḥanīn) to long, yearn, hanker
(‫ الى‬for), crave (‫ الى‬s.th.); -- (‫ حنة‬ḥanna,
‫ حنان‬ḥanān) to feel tenderness, affection,
sympathy (‫ على‬for s.o.); to sympathize,
commiserate (‫ على‬with), feel compassion (
‫ على‬for); to pity (‫ على‬s.o.), have mercy (‫على‬
on) II to move, touch, fill with tenderness,
soften, fill with compassion (‫ قلبه‬qalbahū
s.o.’s heart); to blossom, flower, be in
bloom (tree) V to feel sympathy, feel pity,
feel compassion (‫ على‬for s.o.),
commiserate (‫ على‬with s.o.); to be tender,
affectionate
‫ حنة‬ḥanna sympathy; commiseration,
compassion, pity; favorable aspect,
advantage
‫ حنان‬ḥanān sympathy, love, affection,
tenderness; commiseration, compassion,
pity; ‫ حنانيك‬ḥanānaika have pity! have
mercy!
‫ حنانة‬ḥanāna compassion, pity,
commiseration
‫ حنين‬ḥanīn longing, yearning,
hankering, nostalgia, craving, desire
‫ حنون‬ḥanūn affectionate, loving, soft-
hearted, tenderhearted, compassionate,
merciful; tender, soft, gentle, kind,
moving, touching (voice)
‫ حنان‬ḥannān affectionate, loving,
tender; compassionate, sympathetic
‫ تحنان‬tiḥnān attachment, devotion,
loyalty
‫ تحنن‬taḥannun tenderness, affection,
sympathy
‫ حنأ‬II to dye red (‫ ھـ‬s.th., with henna)
‫ حناء‬ḥinnā’ henna (a reddish-orange
cosmetic gained from leaves and stalks of
the henna plant) │‫ ابو الحناء‬abū l-ḥ. robin
(redbreast); ‫( تمر الحناء‬colloq. tamr el-
ḥinna) henna plant (Lawsonia inermis;
bot.)
‫ حانبة‬look up alphabetically
‫ حنبلي‬ḥanbalī Hanbalitic, of or pertaining to the
madhab of Aḥmad ibn ḥanbal; puritanical,
strict in religious matters; (pl. ‫حنابلة‬
ḥanābila) Hanbalite
‫ حانوتي‬،‫ حانوت‬see ‫حنو‬
‫ حنث‬ḥanita a (ḥint) with ‫ في يمينه‬or ‫بيمينه‬: to
break one’s oath V to practice piety,
perform works of devotion; to seek
religious purification; to scorn sin, not
yield to sin
‫ حنث‬ḥint pl. ‫ احناث‬aḥnāt perjury; sin 209
‫ حنجرة‬ḥanjara pl. ‫ حناجر‬ḥanājir2 larynx, throat
‫ حنجور‬ḥunjūr pl. ‫ حناجير‬ḥanājīr 2 larynx,
throat
‫ حنجل‬ḥanjala to prance (horse); to caper,
gambol II taḥanjala to dance, caper,
gambol, frisk
‫ حندس‬ḥindis pl. ‫ حنادس‬ḥanādis2 dark night
‫ حندقوق‬ḥandaqūq (bot.) melilot, (yellow) sweet
clover (Melilotus)
‫ حنش‬ḥanaš pl. ‫ احناش‬aḥnāš snake
‫ حنط‬II to embalm (‫ ه‬a corpse); to stuff (‫ ھـ‬a
carcass)
‫ حنطة‬ḥinṭa wheat
‫حناطة‬ḥināṭa embalming
‫ تحنط‬taḥannuṭ mummification
‫ محنط‬muḥannaṭ mummified
‫‘ عربة الحنطور‬arabat al-ḥanṭūr, victoria, light
carriage. designed for two passengers
‫ حنظل‬ḥanẓal (coll.; n. un. ‫ )ة‬colocynth
(Citrullue colocynthis; bot.)
‫ حنف‬ḥanafa i to turn or bend sideways
‫ حنيف‬ḥanīf pl. ‫ حنفاء‬ḥunafā’2 true
believer, orthodox; one who scorns the
false creeds surrounding him and
professes the true religion; true (religion)
│‫( الدين الحنيف‬din) the True (i.e., Islamic)
Religion, also ‫( الحنيفة السمحاء‬samḥā’)
‫ حنفي‬ḥanafī pagan, heathen, idolater
(Chr.); Hanafitic (see ‫( ;)حنيفة‬pl. -ūn)
Hanafi
‫ حنفية‬ḥanafīya paganism, heathendom
(Chr.); Hanafitic madhab (an orthodox
school of theology founded by Abu
Hanifah); -- (pl. -āt) faucet, tap; hydrant
 ‫ الحنيفية‬al-ḥanīfīya the True (i.e.,
Islamic) Religion
‫ احنف‬aḥnaf2 afflicted with a distortion
of the foot
‫ حنق‬ḥaniqa a (ḥanaq) to be furious, mad,
angry; to be annoyed, exasperated,
peeved, irritated (‫ على‬or ‫ من‬at, by), be
resentful (‫ على‬or ‫ من‬of) IV to infuriate,
enrage, embitter, exasperate, irritate (‫ه‬
s.o.)
‫ حنق‬ḥanaq fury, rage, ire, wrath, anger,
exasperation, resentment, rancor
‫ حنق‬ḥaniq furious, mad, angry;
resentful, bitter, embittered, annoyed,
exasperated, peeved
‫ حانق‬ḥāniq furious, mad, angry;
resentful, bitter, embittered, annoyed,
exasperated, peeved │‫حانق على الحياة‬
(ḥayāh) weary of life, dispirited, dejected;
‫( حانق على النساء‬nisā’) misogynist
‫ محنق‬muḥannaq infuriated, enraged;
embittered, bitter, angry, exasperated,
resentful
‫ حنك‬ḥanaka i u, II and IV to sophisticate, make
experienced or worldly-wise through
severe trials (said of fate, time, age)
‫ حنك‬ḥanak pl. ‫ احناك‬aḥnāk palate
‫ حنكي‬ḥanakī palatal
‫ حنك‬ḥunk, ḥink and ‫ حنكة‬ḥunka worldly
experience, worldly wisdom gained
through experience, sophistication
‫ محنك‬muḥannak experienced, worldly wise,
sophisticated │‫( محنك مبنك‬mubannak)
shrewd, smart, sharp
(‫ حنو‬and ‫ حنى( حنا‬ḥanā u and ‫ حنى‬ḥanā i to
bend, curve, twist, turn; to lean, incline (
‫ على‬or ‫ الى‬toward s.o.); to feel for s.o. (
‫)على‬, sympathize (‫ على‬with s.o.),
commiserate, pity (‫ على‬s.o.), feel
compassion, feel pity (‫ على‬for s.o.); to
bend, bow, flex, curve, crook (‫ ھـ‬s.th.) IV
to bend, bow, tilt, incline (‫ ھـ‬s.th.; e.g.,
‫ رأسه‬ra’sahū one’s head); to sympathize (
٢١٠ ‫ على‬with s.o.), feel compassion, feel
pity (‫ على‬for s.o.), commiserate, pity (‫على‬
s.o.) VII to bend, curve, twist, turn; to be
winding, be tortuous, wind, meander (e.g.,
a road); to turn, deviate, digress (‫عن‬
from); to bow (‫ ل‬to s.o.); to lean, incline (
‫ على‬or ‫ ;فوق‬over s.th., ‫ الى‬toward s.o.,
toward s.th.); to devote o.s. eagerly (‫ على‬to
s.th.); to contain, harbor (‫ على‬s.th.) │‫ان‬
‫( ضلوعي ال تنحني على ضغن‬ḍulū‘ī, ḍign) I
harbor no grudge, I feel no resentment
‫ حنو‬ḥanw bending, deflection, flexing,
flexure, curving, curvature, twisting,
turning
‫ حنو‬ḥinw pl. ‫ احناء‬aḥnā’ bend, bow, turn,
twist, curved line, curve, contour; pl. ribs
│‫ بين احنائھا‬in her bosom
‫ حنو‬ḥunuw sympathy, compassion,
tenderness, affection
‫ حني‬ḥanīy bending, deflection, flexing,
flexure, curving, ourvature, twisting,
turning
‫ حنية‬ḥanya bend, turn, curve
‫ حنية‬ḥanīya pl. ‫ حنايا‬ḥanāyā arc; camber,
curvature │‫ في حنايا صدره‬in his bosom; ‫في‬
‫ حنايا نفسه‬in his heart, deep inside him
‫ حناية‬ḥināya curving, curvature,
twisting, turning, bending
‫ حانوت‬see below
‫ محنى‬maḥnan pl. ‫ محان‬maḥānin
curvature, bend, flexure, bow, turn, curve
‫ انحناء‬inḥinā’ bend, deflection,
curvature; curve; arc; inclination, tilt;
how, curtsy
‫ انحناءة‬inḥinā’a (n. vic.) bow, curtsy
‫ الحواني‬al-ḥawānī the longest ribs; (fig.)
breast, bosom │‫ بملء حوانيھم‬bi-mil’i ḥ.
(they shouted) at the top of their lungs,
with all their might
‫ محنى‬maḥnīy bowed, inclined (head);
bent, curved, crooked
‫ منحن‬munḥanin bent, curved, crooked,
twisted; inclined, bowed
‫ منحنى‬munḥanan pl. ‫ منحنيات‬munḥanayāt
bend, flexure, deflection, curvature; turn,
twist, break, angle; curve (of a road, end
math.); slope
‫ حانوت‬ḥānūt pl. ‫ حوانيت‬ḥawānīt2 store, shop;
wineshop, tavern
 ‫ حانوتي‬ḥānūtī pl. -īya (eg.) corpse
washer; undertaker, mortician,
gravedigger
‫ حواء‬ḥawwā’2 Eve
‫ حوب‬V to abstain from sin; to lead ‫ ش‬pious
life; to refrain, abstain (‫ من‬from s.th.)
‫ حوبة‬ḥauba sin, offense, misdeed,
outrage
‫ حوباء‬ḥaubā’2 soul
‫ حوت‬pl. ‫ حيتان‬ḥītān, ‫ احوات‬aḥwāt fish; whale;
Pisces, Fishes (astron.) │‫ حوت سليمان‬ḥ.
sulaimān salmon
‫ حوج‬IV aḥwaja to have need, stand in need, be
in went (‫ الى‬of s.th.), need, require, went (
‫ الى‬s.th.); to put (‫ ه‬s.o.) in need of (‫)الى‬,
make necessary (‫ الى ه‬for s.o. s.th.), require
(‫ الى ه‬of s.o. s.th.), compel, oblige (‫ الى ه‬s.o.
to); to impoverish, reduce to poverty (‫ه‬
s.o.) │ ‫( ما احوجه الى‬aḥwajahū) how much
he .tends in need of ...! how urgently he
needs ...! VIII to have need, stand in need,
be in went (‫ الى‬of; also ‫)ل‬, need, want,
require (‫ الى‬s.th. s.o.)
‫ حوج‬ḥauj need, want, lack, deficiency,
destitution
‫ حاجة‬ḥāja pl. -āt need (‫ الى‬or ‫ ب‬of);
necessity, requirement, prerequisite;
natural, bodily need; pressing need,
neediness, poverty, indigence, destitution;
object of need or desire; desire, wish,
request; necessary article, requisite;
matter, concern, business, job, work;
thing, object; -- pl. ‫ حوائج‬ḥawā’ij2 needs
211 necessities, necessaries; everyday
objects, effects, belongings, possessions,
stuff; clothes, clothing │‫)كان في حاجة الى )ل‬
to stand in need, be in want of (s.th.),
need, require (s.th.); ‫( )ال حاجة الى )ل‬ḥājata)
… is not necessary, not required, there is
no need of ...; ‫ ال حاجة لي به‬I don’t need it;
‫ عند الحاجة‬if (or when) necessary, if need
be, in case of need; ‫( في غير حاجة‬gairi
ḥājatin) unnecessarily; ‫ ما به الحاجة‬the
essentials; ‫ محل الحاجة‬maḥall al-ḥ. the
essential passage, the gist, the substance,
the crux, the interesting part (of an
exposition); ‫ سد حاجته‬sadda ḥājatahū to
meet s.o.’s needs, provide for s.o.’s needs;
‫ قضى حاجته‬qaḍā ḥājatahū to fulfill s.o.’s
wish; ‫ قضى الحاجة‬to relieve nature
‫ حاجيات‬ḥājīyyāt everyday commodities,
utensils, utilities, necessaries, necessities
‫ احوج‬in greater need (‫ الى‬of s.th.); more
necessary
‫ احتياج‬iḥtiyāj want, need, requirement,
(pre)requisite, necessity; pl. -āt needs,
necessities, necessaries
‫ محاويج‬maḥāwīj2 (pl. of ‫ محوج‬muḥwij)
needy, poor, destitute people
‫ محتاج‬muḥtāj in need, in want (‫ الى‬of
s.th.), requiring (‫ الى‬s.th.); poor, destitute,
indigent
‫ حوجلة‬ḥaujala pl. ‫ حواجل‬ḥawājil2 phial (chem.)
‫ )حاد )حود‬ḥāda u (ḥaud) to turn aside, turn
away (‫ عن‬from), turn (‫ عن‬off) II to turn
off, take a turning
‫( حودة‬ḥauda) turn, turning
‫ )حاذ )حوذ‬ḥāda u (ḥaud) to urge on, spur on (‫ھـ‬
animals) IV do. X ‫ استحوذ‬istaḥwada to
overwhelm, overcome, overpower (‫على‬
s.o.; esp. emotions), get the better of (
‫)على‬, gain mastery (‫ على‬over); to seize (‫على‬
on), take possession (‫ على‬of), usurp (‫على‬
s.th.)
‫ حوذي‬ḥūdī coachman, cabman, driver
‫ حوذية‬ḥūdīya coachman’s work or trade
‫ )حار )حور‬ḥāra u to return (‫ الى‬to); to recede,
decrease, diminish, be reduced (‫ الى‬to) II
to change, alter, amend, transform,
reorganize, remodel, modify (‫ ھـ‬or ‫من‬
s.th.); to roll out (‫ ھـ‬dough); to make
white, whiten (‫ ھـ‬s.th.); to bleach (‫ ھـ‬a
fabric) III to talk, convene, have a
conversation (‫ ه‬with s.o.); to discuss,
debate, argue IV (with ‫ جوابا‬jawāban) to
answer, reply (with negations only) V to
be altered, changed, amended,
transformed, reorganized, remodeled,
modified VI to carry on & discussion
‫ حور‬ḥawar white poplar (also
pronounced ḥaur); bark-tanned sheepskin,
basil; marked contrast between the white
of the cornea and the black of the iris
‫ حارة‬hāra pl. -āt quarter, part, section
(of & city); (Tun.) ghetto; lane, alley, side
street (with occasional pl. ‫ حواري‬ḥawārī │
‫ حارة السد‬ḥ. as-sadd blind alley, dead-end
street
 ‫ احوار‬aḥwār2, f. ‫ حوراء‬ḥaurā’2, pl. ‫حور‬
ḥūr having eyes with a marked contrast of
white and black, (also, said of the eye:)
intensely white and deep-black
‫ حوارة‬ḥawāra (ḥawarāt) cretaceous
rook; chalk
‫ حواري‬ḥawārī pl. -ūn disciple, apostle
(of Jesus Christ); disciple, follower
‫ حوارى‬ḥawārā cretaceous rock; chalk
‫ حورية‬ḥūrīya pl. -āt, ‫ حور‬ḥūr houri,
virgin of paradise; nymph; (pl. -āt) young
locust │‫ حورية الماء‬water nymph, nixie
‫ حوران‬ḥaurān2 the Hauran, a
mountainous plateau in SW Syria and N
Jordan 212
‫ محور‬miḥwar pl. ‫ محاور‬maḥāwir2 rolling
pin; pivot, core, heart, center; axis; axle,
axletree
‫ محار‬maḥār (coll.; n. un. ‫ )ة‬oysters;
shellfish, mussels; mother-of-pearl, nacre
‫ محارة‬maḥāra (n. un.) oyster; oyster
shell, mussel; trowel
‫ تحوير‬taḥwīr alteration, change,
transformation, reorganization, reshuffle,
remodeling, modification
‫ حوار‬ḥiwār talk, conversation, dialogue;
argument, dispute; text (of a play); script,
scenario (of a motion picture)
‫ محاورة‬muḥāwara talk, conversation,
dialogue; argument, dispute
‫ تحاور‬taḥāwur discussion
(‫ حوز‬and ‫ حيز( حاز‬ḥāza u (ḥauz, ‫ حيازة‬ḥiyāza) to
possess, own, have (‫ ھـ‬s.th.); to gain, win,
get, receive, obtain, achieve, attain (‫ھـ‬
s.th., e.g., success, victory, etc.); to gain
pos....ion. gain control (‫ ھـ‬of s.th.), seize,
monopolize (‫ ھـ‬s.th.); -- ḥāza i (‫ حيز‬ḥaiz)
to drive on, urge on (‫ ھـ‬camels) V
taḥawwaza and taḥayyaza to writhe, twist,
coil; -- taḥayyaza to stay away, keep
away, seclude o.s., isolate o.s. (‫ عن‬from);
to be disposed, incline, tend, lean (‫الى‬
toward); to join (‫ الى‬s.o. or s.th.); to side (
‫ الى‬،‫ ل‬with), take sides (‫ الى‬،‫ ل‬in favor of)
VII to isolate o.s., seclude o.s. separate,
segregate,· disengage o.s., dissociate o.s.,
stay away, keep away, retire, withdraw (
‫ عن‬or ‫ من‬from); to join (‫ الى‬S.o. or s.th.); to
unite (‫ الى‬with); to side (‫ الى‬or ‫ ل‬with),
take sides (‫ الى‬or J in favor of) VIII to
possess, own, have (‫ ھـ‬s.th.); to take
possession (‫ ھـ‬of s.th.); to keep, prevent,
hinder (‫ عن ه‬s.o. from)
‫ حوز‬ḥauz possession, holding, tenure;
obtainment, attainment, acquisition;
taking possession, occupation, occupancy;
(jur.) tenancy; -- (pl. ‫ احواز‬aḥwāz)
enclosed area, enclosure; precinct(s),
boundary, city limits
‫ حوزي‬ḥauzī possessor, tenurial
‫ حوزة‬ḥauza possession, holding, tenure;
property; area, territory │‫ في حوزه‬or ‫في‬
‫ حوزة يده‬fī ḥ. yadihī in his possession; ‫الدفاع‬
‫ عن حوزة مصر‬the defense of Egyptian
territory
‫ حيز‬ḥayyiz, ḥaiz pl. ‫ احياز‬aḥyāz scope,
range, reach, extent, compass, confines,
field, domain, realm; sphere │‫ال يدخل في‬
‫( حيز المعقول‬yadkul) it is not within the
bounds of reason; ‫( برز الى حيز المعقول‬to
advance to the realm of fact, i.e.) to
become a reality; ‫ في حيز االمكان‬fī ḥ. il-
imkān within the realm of possibility,
quite possible
‫ حيازة‬ḥiyāza possession, holding,
tenure; taking possession, occupation,
occupancy; acquisition of title, acquisition
of the right of possession; obtainment,
attainment, acquisition
‫ تحيز‬taḥayyuz partiality; prejudice, bias
‫ انحياز‬inḥiyāz isolation, seclusion,
retirement; partiality; prejudice, bias
‫ حائز‬ḥā’iz possessor, holder, tenant
‫ متحيز‬mutaḥayyiz partial, prejudiced,
biased
‫ منحاز‬munḥāz secluded, retired,
withdrawn, removed (‫ عن‬from); an
outsider, a stranger (‫ عن‬to)
‫ حوس‬VIII (eg.) to be in a quandary, waver,
hesitate
1
‫ )حاش )حوش‬ḥāša u (ḥauš) to round up, drive
into a trap (‫ ھـ‬game); to stop, check,
prevent, hinder (‫ ھـ‬s.th.), stand in the way
(‫ ھـ‬of); to hold back, stem, stave off (‫ھـ‬
s.th.) II to gather, collect, amass,
accumulate, pile up, hoard (‫ ھـ‬s.th.); to
 save, put by (‫ ھـ‬money); to find (‫ ھـ‬s.th.)
213
‫ حوش‬ḥauš p1. ‫ احواش‬aḥwāš, ‫ حيشان‬ḥīšān
enclosure, enclosed area; courtyard
‫ حوش‬ḥawaš mob, rabble, riffraff
‫ حوشي‬ḥūšī wild; unusual, odd, queer,
strange
‫ اسبوع الحاش‬usbū‘ al-ḥāš Passion Week
(Chr.)
2
‫ حاشى‬،‫ حاشا‬see ‫ حاش‬،‫ حشو‬ḥāša lillāh = ‫حاشى‬
‫ حوص‬ḥawaṣ squinting of the eye (caused by
constant exposure to glaring light)
‫ احوص‬aḥwaṣ2 f. ‫ حوصاء‬ḥauṣā’2, pl.
‫ حوص‬ḥūṣ having narrow, squinting eyes
‫ حياصة‬ḥiyāṣa girth
‫ حوصل‬ḥauṣa, ‫ حوصلة‬ḥauṣala craw (of a bird);
bladder; pelican │ ‫الحوصلة المرارية‬
(marārīya) gall bladder, bile (anat.)
‫ حويصل‬ḥuwaisil blister, bleb, vesicle;
water blister
‫ حويصلة‬ḥuwaisila pl. -āt blister, bleb,
vesicle
‫ حوض‬ḥauḍ pl. ‫ احواض‬aḥwāḍ, ‫ حياض‬ḥiyāḍ
basin; water basin; trough, tank, cistern,
reservoir, container; basin of a river or
sea; pool; (in the Egyptian irrigation
system) a patch of land surrounded by
dikes, flooded by high water of the Nile;
pond; pelvis (anat.); (garden) bed; dock;
pl. ‫( حياض‬ḥiyāḍ) ground, area, domain (to
be protected), sanctum │ ‫( حوض جاف‬jāff)
dry dock; ‫ حوض حمام‬ḥammām bathtub;
‫‘( حوض عوام‬awwām) floating dock; ‫ذاد عن‬
‫ حياضه‬to assume the defense of s.o., make
o.s. the champion of s.o.; to defend o.s.;
‫( ذب حن حياض الدين‬dabba) to defend the
faith; ‫ احواض الفم والحديد‬coal and iron
deposits
O ‫ حويضة‬ḥuwaiḍa renal pelvis (anat.)
‫ )حاط )حوط‬ḥāṭa u (ḥauṭ, ‫ حيطة‬ḥaiṭa, ‫حياطة‬
ḥiyāṭa) to guard, protect (‫ ه‬،‫ ھـ‬s.o., s.th.),
watch (‫ ه‬،‫ ھـ‬over s.o., over s.th.), have the
custody (‫ ه‬،‫ ھـ‬of); to attend (‫ ھـ‬to), take
care (‫ ھـ‬of), look after s.th. (‫ ;)ھـ‬to
surround, encircle, enclose, encompass (‫ب‬
s.o., s.th.) II to build a wall (‫ ھـ‬around
s.th.), wall in (‫ ھـ‬s.th.); to encircle,
surround (‫ ھـ‬s.th.), close in from all sides (
‫ ھـ‬on s.th.) III to try to outwit, dupe, or
outsmart (‫ ه‬s.o.); to mislead, lead astray,
seduce (‫ ه‬s.o.) IV to surround (‫ ب‬s.o., s.th.,
also ‫ ه‬،‫ ھـ‬s.o., s.th., y with); to encompass,
enclose, embrace, comprise, contain (‫ب‬
s.th., also ‫ ;)ھـ‬to ring, encircle (‫ ب‬s.o.,
s.th., also ‫ ه‬،‫ ھـ‬s.o., s.th., ‫ ب‬with s.th.),
close in from all sides (‫ ب‬on); to know
thoroughly, comprehend, grasp
completely, understand fully (‫ ب‬s.th.), be
familiar, be thoroughly acquainted (‫ب‬
with) │‫’( احاط به علما‬ilman) to know s.th.
thoroughly, have comprehensive
knowledge of s.th.; to take cognizance,
take note of s.th.; ‫ اجاطه علما ب‬he informed
him of ..., he let him know about ... ; he
brought ... to his notice V to guard, protect
(.., 6 s.o., s.th.); to take precautions (‫ھـ‬
with regard to), attend (‫ ھـ‬to); to be
careful, be cautious, be on one’s guard
VIII to be careful, be cautious, watch out,
be on one’s guard; to take precautions,
make provision (‫ ل‬for, so as to ensure ... );
to surround (‫ ب‬s.o., s.th.); to guard,
protect, preserve (‫ على ب‬s.th. from), take
care (‫ ب‬of), attend (‫ ب‬to), look after (‫)ب‬,
see to it (‫ بأن‬that)
‫ حيطة‬ḥīṯa, ḥaṭa, ‫ حوطة‬ḥauṭa
cautiousness, caution, provident care,
prudence, circumspection │ ‫أخذ‬
‫(حيطته‬ḥīṭatahu) to be on one’s guard, take
precautions; ‫ بال حيطة‬thoughtlessly,
unthinkingly, inadvertently
‫ حياطة‬ḥiyāṭa guarding, custody,
protection, care 214
‫ تحويط‬taḥwīṭ encirclement
‫ احاطة‬iḥāṭa encirclement,
encompassment; comprehension, grasp,
understanding, knowledge, cognizance (‫ب‬
of s.th.), acquaintance, familiarity (‫ب‬
with); information, communication
‫ تحوط‬taḥawwuṭ provision, care,
attention, precaution, prudence; pl. -āt
precautionary measures, precautions
‫ احتياط‬iḥtiyāṭ caution, cautiousness,
prudence, circumspection, carefulness;
provision, care, attention, precaution,
prevention; pl. -āt precautionary
measures, precautions │‫ على سبيل المثال‬as a
 precaution, out of precaution, to be on the
safe side
‫ احتياطي‬ihṭiyāṭī precautionary;
prophylactic; preventive; replacement;
spare- (in compounds); reserve- (in
compounds); stand-by; reserve funds,
capital reserves (fin.); reserve (mil.) │‫حبس‬
‫( احتياطي‬ḥabs) detention pending
investigation; ‫ تدابير احتياطية‬precautionary
measures, precautions ‫( قوات احتياطية‬quwāt)
reserves (mil.); ‫ مال احتياطي‬capital reserve,
reserve fund; ‫( احتياطى الزيت الخام‬crude-)oil
reserves
‫ حائط‬pl. ‫ حيطان‬ḥīṭān, ‫ حياط‬ḥiyāṭ, ‫حوائط‬
ḥawā’iṭ2 wall │‫ حائط المبكى‬ḥ. al-mabkā
Wailing Wall (in Jerusalem); ‫ضرب( به‬
‫ عرض الحائط‬or) ‫ القى‬alqā (ḍaraba) bihī
‘urḍa l-ḥā’iṭ to make little of s.th., scorn,
disdain, despise s.th.; to reject s.th.,
discard s.th., throw s.th. overboard; to
ruin, thwart, foil s.th.
‫ حويط‬ḥāwiṭ (eg.) clever, smart, shrewd
‫ محيط‬muḥīṭ surrounding (‫ ب‬s.th.);
comprehensive; familiar, acquainted (‫ب‬
with); -- (pl. -āt) circumference,
periphery; extent, range, scope, compass,
reach, domain, area; milieu, environment,
surroundings; ocean; pl. ‫محيطات‬
surroundings, environment │ ‫المحيط‬
‫(االطلنطي‬aṭlanṭī) the Atlantic Ocean; ‫المحيط‬
‫( الھادئ‬ḥādi’) the Pacific Ocean
‫ محاط‬muluiJ surrounded (‫ ب‬by)
‫ متحوط‬mutaḥawwiṭ cautious, prudent,
provident, circumspect, careful, watchful
‫ حوف‬ḥauf edge, rim, brim, brink; border, hem,
fringe
‫ حافة‬ḥāfa pl. -āt, ‫ حواف‬ḥawāfin border,
rim, brim, brink, verge; edge; fringe, hem
│‫ بين حوافيه‬within it, in it, therein
‫ )حاق )حوق‬ḥāqa u (ḥauq) to surround, enclose,
infold, embrace (‫ ب‬s.o.. s.th.) II = I (‫على‬
s.o., s.th.)
1
‫ حوقل‬ḥauqala (‫ حوقلة‬ḥauqala) to pronounce
the formula: ‫( ال حول وال قوة اال با‬see ‫حول‬
ḥaul)
2 change the course III (ḥāwala to try,
‫حوقلة‬ḥauqala pl. ‫ حواقل‬ḥawāqil2 phial
(chem.), Florence flask
‫ )حاك )حوك‬ḥāka u (ḥauk, ‫ حياك‬ḥiyāk, ‫حياكة‬
ḥiyāka) to weave (‫ ھـ‬s.th.); to interweave (
‫ ھـ‬s.th.); to knit (‫ ھـ‬s.th.); to braid, plait (‫ھـ‬
s.th.); to contrive, devise, hatch, concoct (
‫ ھـ‬s.th.; e.g., ruses, intrigues, pretexts),
think up, fabricate, create (‫ ھـ‬s.th. in one’s
imagination)
‫ حياكة‬ḥiyāka weaving; knitting;
braiding, plaiting
‫ حائك‬ḥā’ik pl. ‫ حاكة‬ḥāka weaver; --
(mor.) an outer garment made of a long
piece of white woolen material, covering
body and head
(‫ حول‬and ‫ حيل( حال‬ḥāla u to change, undergo a
change, be transformed; to shift, turn,
pass, grow (‫ الى‬into s.th., also ‫)ھـ‬, become
(‫ الى‬s.th.); to deviate, depart (‫ عن‬from, e.g.,
a commitment), dodge, evade, fail to meet
(‫ عن‬s.th.); to elapse, pass go by (time); -- (
‫ حيلولة‬ḥailūla) to prevent (‫ دون‬s.th.); to
intervene, interfere, interpose, come (‫بين‬
between) │‫‘( حال عن عھد‬ahd) to withdraw
from a contract; ٢١٥ ‫حال بين فالن وبين األمر‬
to make s.th. inaccessible to s.o.,
impossible for s.o.; to bar or obstruct
s.o.’s way to s.th.; to prevent s.o. from
s.th., deny s.o. s.th.; ‫حال بين نفسه وبين اإلشفاق‬
(išfāq) to resist compassion, deny o.s. any
sympathy II ḥawwala to change (‫ الى ھـ‬or
‫ ھـ ھـ‬s.th. to s.th. else), transform,
transmute, convert, turn, make (‫ الى ھـ‬or ‫ھـ‬
‫ ھـ‬s.th. into s.th. else); to transplant (s.th.);
to transfer (‫ ھـ‬s.th.); to convert (‫ ھـ‬s.th.,
mathematically); to switch commutate (‫ھـ‬
current; el.); to convert, transform (‫ھـ‬
current; el.); to shunt (‫ ھـ‬a railroad car); to
switch (‫ ھـ‬a railroad track); to remit, send,
transmit (‫ ھـ‬s.th., e.g., money by mail, ‫الى‬
to s.o.); to pass on, hand on (‫ الى ھـ‬s.th. to
s.o.); to forward (‫ الى ھـ‬s.th. to s.o. or to an
address); to endorse (‫ ھـ‬a bill of exchange,
a promissory note); to direct, turn (‫ ھـ‬s.th.,
also ‫ نظرة‬naẓratan a glance, ‫ الى‬to or
toward); to divert, distract, keep (‫ عن ھـ‬or ‫ه‬
s.o. or s.th. from); to turn away, avert (
‫ بصره عن‬baṣarahū one's eyes from); to
turn off, switch off, disconnect (‫ ھـ‬current;
el.) │‫( حول الدفة‬daffa) to turn the helm,
attempt, endeavor (‫ ھـ‬s.th., ‫ ان‬to do s.th.),
make an attempt, make an effort (‫ ان‬to do
s.th.); to seek to gain (‫ ھـ‬s.th.) by artful
means; to deceive by pretenses, make
excuses, hedge, dodge IV to change ‫ھـ ھـ‬
or ‫ الى ھـ‬s.th. to), transform, transmute,
turn, make (‫ ھـ ھـ‬or ‫ الى ھـ‬s.th. into); to
convert, translate (‫ ھـ ھـ‬or ‫ الى ھـ‬s.th. into);
to transfer (‫ ھـ‬s.th.); to remit, send (‫ ھـ‬s.th.
‫ الى‬or ‫ على‬to s.o.); to assign (‫ ه‬،‫ ھـ‬s.o., s.th.,
‫ الى‬or ‫ على‬to s.o.); to turn over, hand over,
pass on (‫ على ھـ‬or ‫ ه‬s.o. or s.th. to); to
forward (‫ على ھـ‬s.th. to); to refer (‫ الى ه‬s.o.
to); to cede, transfer (‫ ھـ‬a debt, ‫ على‬to s.o.;
jur.) │‫( احيل على )الى( المعاش‬uḥīla, ma‘āš)
and ‫( احيل الى التقاعد‬taqā‘ud) he was
pensioned off; ‫ احيلت الكمبيالة الى البروتستو‬the
bill was protested (fin.) V taḥawwala to
change, undergo a change; to be changed (
‫ الى‬to), be transformed, be transmuted, be
converted (‫ الى‬into), become (‫ الى‬s.th.),
turn, grow (‫ الى‬into), transform (‫ الى‬--‫ من‬or
‫ عن‬from -- into), change, develop, evolve (
‫ الى‬-- ‫ من‬from to); to withdraw, go away,
leave; to move (‫ الى‬to a residence); to turn
away (‫ من‬from), turn one’s back (‫ عن‬on);
to deviate (‫ عن‬from); to depart, digress,
stray (‫ عن الطريق‬from the way); to
renounce, forgo, relinquish, disclaim
(s.th.); to proceed slyly or cunningly │
‫ تحول كل حيلة‬to employ every conceivable
trick; -- taḥayyala to employ artful means;
to ponder ways and means (‫ ل‬to an end, in
order to attain s.th.) VI taḥāwala to try,
endeavor, take pains (‫ على‬to do s.th.),
strive (‫ على‬for); -- taḥāyala and VIII to
employ artful means, resort to tricks, use
stratagems (‫ على‬against s.o.); to deceive,
beguile, dupe, cheat, outwit, outsmart (‫على‬
s.o.); to be out (‫ على‬for s.th.) or achieve (
‫ على‬s.th.) by artful means, by tricks VIII to
work or strive (on one’s own resources),
make efforts (on one’s own) IX ‫احول‬
aḥwala to be cross-eyed, to squint X to
change (‫ الى‬to, into), turn, be transformed,
be converted (‫ الى‬into); to be
transubstantiated (bread and wine, ‫ الى‬into
the body and blood of Christ; Chr.); to
proceed, pass on, shift, switch (‫ الى‬to s.th.
new or s.th. different); to be impossible (
‫ على‬for s.o.); to be inconceivable, absurd,
preposterous
‫ حال‬ḥāl m. and f., pl. ‫ احوال‬aḥwāl
condition, state; situation; position, status;
circumstance; case; present, actuality (as
opposed to future); circumstantial
expression or phrase (gram.); pl.:
conditions, circumstances; matters, affairs,
concerns; cases; ḥāla (prep.) during;
immediately upon, right after; just at; in
case of …, in the event of …; ٢١٦ ‫حاال‬
ḥālan presently, immediately, at once,
right away, without delay; now, actually,
at present │‫ في الحال‬and ‫ للحال‬on the spot, at
once, immediately; ‫( على كل حال‬kulli ḥālin)
and ‫( على أي حال‬ayyi ḥ.) in any case, at any
rate, anyhow; ‫( يبقى على حاله‬yabqā) it
remains unchanged, just as it is; ‫في حال من‬
‫ األحوال‬in some case or other, anyway, if
occasion should arise, possibly; (with
neg.) by no means, under no
circumstances, not at all, in no way; ‫على‬
‫ بأي حال‬،‫ بحال‬،‫ حال‬bi-ayyi ḥ. with neg.: by
no means, not at all, in no way; ‫كذلك الحال‬
‫ في‬the same goes for ..., it is the same with
…; it is also the case with ...; ‫كما ھو الحال في‬
as is the case with; ‫ كيف حالك‬how are you?
‫ شيء بحاله‬a thing in itself, a separate,
independent thing; ‫( األحوال الجوية‬jawwīya)
atmospheric conditions; ‫محاكم األحوال‬
‫( الشخصية‬šakṣīya) courts dealing with vital
statistics; ‫ األحوال الشخصية )نظام‬or) ‫قانون‬
personal statute; ‫ صاحب الحال‬noun referent
of a circumstantial phrase (gram.); ‫عرض‬
‫‘ حال‬arḍ ḥ. application, memorial, petition;
‫ لسان حاله‬,‫ لسان الحال‬see ‫لسان‬
‫ حالما‬ḥālama (conj.) as soon as
‫ حالة‬ḥala pl. -āt condition, state;
situation; (possible, actual) case; ḥālata
(prep.) during │‫ حالة ان‬ḥālata an (conj.)
whereas; ‫ والحالة ھذه‬under these
circumstances, such being the case, things
being as they are; ‫( في حالة‬ḥālati) in (the)
case of ..., in the event of …, e.g., ‫في حالة‬
‫( غيابه‬giyābihī) in case of his absence, ‫في‬
‫( حالة الوفاة‬wafāh) in case of death; ‫في ھذه‬
‫ الحالة‬in this (that) case; ‫ لحالة ان‬li-ḥālati an
in case that …, in the event that …; ‫في حالة‬
‫ ما اذا‬if; ‫ كما ھي الحالة في‬if as is the case with
…; ‫( حالة اجتماعية‬ijtimā‘īya) marital status;
‫( الحالة الجوية‬jawwīya) atmospheric
conditions; ‫ حالة الخطر‬ḥ. al-kaṭar stand-by,
alert, state of alarm; ‫ الحالة الراھنة‬the status
quo; ‫ حالة الطوارئ‬ḥ. aṭ-ṭawāri’ state of
emergency; ‫( في حالة التلبس‬talabbus)
flagrante delicto (jur.); ‫الحالة المدنية‬
(madanīya) civil status, legal status; ‫سوء‬
‫ الحالة‬sū’ al-ḥ. predicament, plight
 ‫ حالي‬ḥālī present, current, actual,
existing; momentary, instantaneous; ‫حاليا‬
ḥālīyan at present, actually │‫صورة حالية‬
(ṣūra) snapshot (phot.)
‫ حالية‬ḥālīya actuality, topicality,
timeliness
‫ حول‬ḥaul pl. ‫ احوال‬aḥwāl year; might,
power │ ‫ ال حول وال قوة اال با‬lā ḥaula wa-lā
quwata illā bi-llāh there is no power and
no strength save in God; ‫ال حول له وال حيلة‬
(wa-lā ḥīlata) he is completely powerless,
he can do nothing, he is at the end of his
resources
‫ حول‬ḥiwal change of place, change │‫ال‬
‫( يبتغون عنه حوال‬yabtagūna) they don’t want
it otherwise, they ask for it
‫ حول‬ḥaula (prep.) around, about; circa,
about, some, approximately, roughly (with
following number); about (esp. in news
headings, approx. = re, concerning) │ ‫من‬
‫( حوله‬ḥaulihī) (= ‫ )حوله‬around him (or it),
about him (or it); ‫( من حوليھما‬ḥaulaihimā)
around the two of them, about them; from
their vicinity, from their surroundings
(dual)
‫ حولي‬ḥaulī periodic, temporary, interim;
one year old (animal), yearling; young
animal; lamb, wether
O ‫ حوليات‬ḥaulīyāt yearbook, annals (=
Fr. annales, as a scientific publication)
‫ حيل‬ḥail strength, force, power, vigor │
‫(على حيله‬standing) upright, erect; ‫ال قوة له وال‬
‫( حيل‬qūwata) completely helpless and
paralyzed
‫ حيلة‬ḥīla pl. ‫ حيل‬ḥiyal, ‫ احاييل‬aḥāyīl2 artifice,
ruse, stratagem, maneuver, subterfuge,
wile, trick; device, shift; a 217 means to
accomplish an end; expedient, makeshift,
dodge, way-out; legal stratagem (for the
purpose of in fraudem legis agere) │‫ما‬
‫ الحيلة‬what’s to be done! ‫( ال حيلة له في‬ḥīlata)
I have no possibility to …, I am in no
position to …; ‫( ما بيدي حيلة‬bi-yadī) I can
do nothing, I can get nowhere; ‫لم يجد حيلة اال‬
lam yajid ḥīlatan illā he couldn’t do
anything except …, he had no other
choice than …; ‫( اعيته الحيلة‬a‘yathu) he was
at a loss, he was at the end of his wits
‫ حيلي‬ḥiyalī cunning, crafty, wily, sly,
tricky, foxy
‫ احيل‬aḥyal2 craftier, wilier
‫ حول‬ḥawal squinting, strabismus
‫ احول‬aḥwal2, f. ḥaula’2 ḥaulā2, pl. ‫حول‬
ḥūl squinting, squint-eyed, wall-eyed,
walleyed
‫ حؤول‬ḥu’ūl change, transformation,
transmutation; prevention (‫ دون‬of s.th.)
‫ حوال‬ḥiwāl obstacle; partition, screen
‫ حيال‬ḥiyāla (prep.) in view of ..., with
regard to …, in the lace of, opposite, in
front of, before
‫ حوالة‬ḥawāla pl. -āt assignment, cession
(jur.); bill of exchange, (promissory) note,
check, draft │‫ حوالة بريدية‬,‫ حوالة البريد‬money
order; ‫ حوالة السفر‬ḥ. safar traveler’s check
‫ حوالى‬ḥawālā (prep.) around, about;
circa, approximately, roughly, about,
some (with following number)
‫ حيلولة‬ḥailūla separation, interruption,
disruption; prevention (‫ دون‬of s.th.)
‫ ال محال‬lā maḥalla = ‫( ال محالة‬see below)
‫ محالة‬muḥāla roller, wheel (of a draw
well)
‫ ال محالة منه‬lā maḥālata minhu it is
inevitable; there is no doubt about it; (also
‫ ال محالة‬alone) most certainly, positively,
absolutely, by all means
‫ تحويل‬taḥwīl transformation,
transmutation, conversion (‫ الى‬into s.th.);
change, alteration, modification;
transplantation; transposition, reversal,
inversion, translocation, dislocation,
displacement; transfer, assignment;
conversion (e.g., of currency); conversion,
transformation (of electric current); O
transfer (fin.; also ‫ تحويل الدين‬t. ad-dain);
remittance (of money), transmittal,
sending, forwarding; bill of exchange,
promissory note, draft (com.); check;
endorsement (com.); c.o.d., cash on
delivery │‫قابلية العملة للتحويل الى العمالت االجنبية‬
(qābilīyal al-’mla, ajnabīiya)
convertibility of currency
 ‫ تحويلة‬taḥwīla pl. ‫ تحاويل‬taḥāwīl2 branch,
offshoot; siding, sidetrack (railroad); side
canal (irrigation; Eg.); switch (railroad)
‫ محاولة‬muḥāwala pl. -āt attempt, try;
effort, endeavor;. recourse to expedients,
shifts, or dodges, dodging, hedging │
‫(محاولة على حياته‬ḥayātihī) attempt on s.o.’s
life, murderous assault
‫ احالة‬iḥāla transfer, conveyance,
assignment; remittance; forwarding,
referring (‫ الى‬or ‫ على‬to a competent
authority); transmission, transmittal; O
transfer (fin.); cession, assignment (Isl.
Law); absurdity │ ‫ باالحالة على‬with
reference to; ‫ قاضي االحالة‬magistrate sitting
at defendant’s arraignment, trial judge;
‫( احالة الى )على( المعاش‬ma‘āš) and ‫احالة الى‬
‫( التقاعد‬taqā‘ud) pensioning off
‫ تحول‬taḥawwul change, transformation,
transmutation; abrupt change, sudden turn,
reversal; shift, transition; departure,
deviation, digression (‫ عن‬from);
renunciation ( of) │‫ نقطة التحول‬nuqṭat
at-t. turning point
‫ تحيل‬taḥayyul use of tricks, trickery 218
‫ تحايل‬taḥāyul and ‫ احتيال‬iḥtiyāl use of
tricks, trickery; cunning, craft, subtlety,
artfulness; malice, treachery, perfidy;
deception, fraud
‫ تحايلي‬taḥāyulī and ‫ احتيالي‬iḥtiyālī
fraudulent, e.g., ‫( افالس احتيالي‬iflās)
fraudulent bankruptcy
‫ استحالة‬istiḥāla change, transformation,
transmutation, turn, shift, transition;
transubstantiation (Chr.); impossibility,
inconceivability, absurdity,
preposterousness
‫ حائل‬ḥā’il pl. ‫ حوائل‬ḥawā’il obstacle,
obstruction, impediment (‫ دون‬on the way
to s.th., ‫ و‬-- ‫ بين‬see ‫ حال‬ḥāla I); barrier;
partition, screen, folding screen; -- (pl.
‫ حول‬ḥuwwal) changeable, variable,
frequently changing; feeble, languid, wan,
pallid
‫ محول‬muḥawwil pl. -āt converter,
transformer (el.); endorser
‫ محولة‬muḥawwila switch (railroad)
‫ محول عليه‬muḥawwal ‘alaihi c.o.d., cash
on delivery; ‫ محول به‬collected on delivery
‫ محيل‬muḥīl transferor, assignor (Isl.
Law)
‫ محال‬muḥāl inconceivable, unthinkable,
impossible, absurd, preposterous,
unattainable
‫ متحول‬mutaḥawwil changeable,
variable, changing │ ‫(األعياد المتحولة‬a‘yād)
the movable feasts (Chr.)
‫ محتال‬muḥtāl artful, cunning, deceitful,
treacherous, perfidious, fraudulent;
swindler, cheat, impostor, fraud; crook,
scoundrel; assignee (Isl. Law) │ ‫محتال عليه‬
debtor of a ceded claim, transferee (Isl.
Law)
‫ مستحيل‬mustaḥīl impossible, absurd,
preposterous; ‫ مستحيالت‬impossible things,
impossibilities, absurdities
(‫ حوم( حام‬ḥāma u (ḥaum, ‫ حوم‬ḥawamān) to
circle, hover. glide (in the air; of a bird,
also of an aircraft); to hover, swarm, buzz
(‫ حول‬and ‫ على‬around) │ ‫حامت الشبھة ضده‬
(šubha, ḍiddahū) suspicion concentrated
on him, he was suspected II to circle in the
air; to hover in circles, to circle; to go
around, revolve (thoughts and images, in
one’s head or mind); to browse (‫ في‬in a
book)
‫ حومة‬ḥauma pl. -āt turmoil of battle,
thick of the fray; main part, bulk, main
body; (tun.) quarter, section (of a city)
‫ حان‬and ‫ حانة‬see ‫حين‬
‫ حانوت‬see ‫حنو‬
‫ حوى‬ḥawā i to gather, collect, unite (‫ ھـ‬s.th.);
to encompass, embrace, contain, hold,
enclose, comprise, include (‫ ھـ‬s.th.); to
possess, own, have (‫ ھـ‬s.th.); to clasp (‫ھـ‬
s.th., the hand) V to curl (up), coil (up)
VIII to encompass, embrace, contain,
hold, enclose, comprise, include (‫ ھـ‬or ‫على‬
s.th.); to possess, own, have (‫ ھـ‬or ‫على‬
s.th.)
‫ حوية‬ḥawīya convolution, coil, curl,
roll; pl. ‫ حوايا‬ḥawāyā intestine, bowels,
entrails
‫ حواية‬ḥiwāya pl. -āt (eg.) wase round
pad to support a burden on the head or on
the back
 ‫ حاو‬ḥāwin pl. ‫ حواة‬ḥuwāh snake
charmer; juggler, conjurer, magician
‫ محتويات‬muḥtawayāt content(s) (of a
book. of a receptacle) │‫ محتويات النفوس‬the
innermost thoughts. the secrets of the
heart
(‫ حيو( حيي‬،‫ حى‬ḥayiya, ‫ حي‬ḥayya ‫ يحيا‬yaḥyā (‫حياة‬
ḥayāh) to live; ‫ حي‬ḥayya to live to see,
experience, witness (‫ ھـ‬s.th.), live (‫ھـ‬
through a time) ‫ ليحي الملك‬li-yaḥyā 219 l-
malik long live the king! ‫ حيي‬ḥayiya ‫يحيا‬
yaḥyā (‫ حياء‬ḥayā’) to be ashamed (‫ من‬of;
because of) II ‫ حيا‬ḥayyā to keep (‫ ه‬s.o.)
alive, grant (‫ ه‬s.o.) a long life; to say to
s.o. (‫ حياك ﷲ‬:(‫ ه‬may God preserve your
life!; to greet, salute (‫ ه‬s.o.) IV ‫ احيا‬aḥyā to
lend life (‫ ه‬،‫ ھـ‬to s.o., to s.th.), enliven,
animate, vitalize, endow with life, call
into being (‫ ھـ‬s.th.), give birth (‫ ھـ‬to); to
revive, reanimate, revivify (‫ ھـ‬s.th.), give
new life (‫ ھـ‬to); to put on, produce, stage,
arrange (‫ ھـ‬e.g., a theatrical performance, a
celebration, and the like); to celebrate (‫ھـ‬
s.th., also a festival) │‫( احيا الذكرى‬dikrā) to
commemorate (a deceased person),
observe the anniversary (of s.o.’s death);
‫( احيا الليل‬lail) to burn the midnight oil, ‫احيا‬
‫( الليل صالة‬ṣalātan) to spend the night in
prayer; ‫( احيا السھرة‬sahrata) to perform in
the evening (of an artist); ‫احيا حفلة‬
(ḥaflatan) to give a performance; to
perform at a celebration (artist); ‫قد احيت‬
‫ الفرقة ثالث ليال‬qad aḥyat il-firqatu talāta
layālin the theatrical troupe gave three
evening performances X ‫ استحيا‬istaḥyā to
spare s.o.’s (‫ )ه‬life, let live, keep alive (‫ه‬
s.o.); ‫ استحيا‬istaḥyā, ‫ استحى‬istaḥā to be
ashamed (‫ ه‬to face s.o.; ‫ من‬of s.th., because
of s.th.); to become or feel embarrassed (
‫ من‬in front of s.o.), be embarrassed (‫من‬
by); to be bashful, shy, diffident
‫ حي‬ḥayy pl. ‫ احياء‬aḥyā’ living, live,
alive; lively, lusty, animated, active,
energetic, unbroken, undaunted,
undismayed; living being, organism; tribe,
tribal community; block of apartment ‫ احياء‬iḥyā’ animation, enlivening; revival,
houses; section, quarter (of a city) │‫علم‬
‫‘ األحياء‬ilm al-aḥyā’ biology; ‫‘ حي العالم‬ilm
al-‘ālam houseleek tree (Sempervivum
arboreum L.; bot.)
‫ حي‬ḥayya: ‫ حي على الصالة‬ḥayya ‘alā ṣ-
ṣalāh come to prayer!
‫ حية‬ḥayya pl. -āt snake, serpent, viper
O ‫ احيائي‬aḥyā’ī biologic(al); (pl. -ūn)
biologist │‫( كيمياء احيائية‬kīmiyā’) bio-
chemistry
‫ حيي‬ḥayīy bashful, shy, diffident,
modest
‫ حياء‬ḥayā’ shame, diffidence,
bashfulness, timidity; shyness │‫قليل الحياء‬
shameless impudent; ‫ قلة الحياء‬qillat al-ḥ.
shamelessness, impudence
‫ حياة‬ḥayāh pl. ‫ حيوات‬ḥayawāt life; life-
blood; liveliness animation │‫ حياة الريف‬ḥ.
ar-rīf country life, rural life; ‫الحياة العامة‬
(‘āmma) public life; ‫ الحياة العائلية‬family life;
‫ ميتوى الحياة‬mustawā l-ḥ. living standard; O
‫‘ علم الحياة‬ilm al-ḥ. biology
‫ حيوي‬ḥayawī lively, full of life, vital,
vigorous; vital, essential to life
‫ حيوية‬ḥayawīya vitality, vigor, vim
‫ حيويات‬ḥayawīyāt: ‫مواد مضادة للحيويات‬
(mawādd muḍādda) antibiotics
‫ حيوان‬ḥayawān pl. -āt animal, beast;
(coll.) animals, living creatures │‫حيوانات‬
‫( ثدية‬tadyīya) mammals; ‫حيوانات مجترة‬
(mujtarra) ruminants; ‫( حيوان طفيلي‬ṭufailī)
parasite; ‫‘ علم الحيوان‬ilm al-ḥ. zoology
‫ حيواني‬ḥayawānī animal (adj.);
zoologic(al)
‫ حيوانية‬ḥayawānīya bestiality; animality,
animal nature
‫ حوين‬ḥuwayyin pl. -āt minute animal,
animalcule
‫ احيى‬aḥyā livelier; more vigorous, more
vital
‫ تحية‬taḥīya pl. –āt, ‫ تحايا‬taḥāyā greeting,
salutation; salute; cheer (= wish that God
may give s.o. long life) │‫تحية لذكراه‬
taḥīyatan li-dikrāhu in order to keep his
memory alive, in remembrance of him;
‫‘( التحية العسكرية‬askarīya) military salute
revitalization, revivification; arranging,
staging. conducting, putting on, 220
holding (of a celebration) │‫ احياء الذكرى‬i.
ad-dikrā commemoration (of a deceased
person); ‫ احياء لذكرى‬I (iḥyā’an) (with foll.
gen.) in commemoration of …, in
 memoriam ...; ‫ احياء الموات‬i. al-mawāt
cultivation of virgin land
‫ استحياء‬istiḥyā’ shame; diffidence,
2
bashfulness, timidity; shyness
‫ محيا‬mūḥayyan face, countenance
‫ الست المستحية‬as-sitt al-mustahīya
sensitive plant (Mimosa pudica; bot.)
1
‫ حيث‬ḥaitu (conj.) where (place and direction);
wherever; since, as, due to the fact that;
whereas; inasmuch as │‫( حيث ان‬anna)
since, as, because, due to the fact that ... ;
in that ... ; ‫ حيث كان‬wherever it be; in any
case, at any rate; ‫ الى حيث‬ilā ḥaitu where
(direction); to where …, to the place
where ...; ‫ من حيث‬min ḥaitu from where,
whence, wherefrom; where (place);
whereas; (with foll. nominative) as to, as
for, concerning, regarding, with respect to,
in view of, because of; ‫ من حيث الثقافة‬min ḥ.
taqāfatu with regard to education, as far as
education is concerned; ‫من حيث يدري وال‬
‫( يدري‬yadrī wa-lā yadrī) whether he
knows it or not, knowingly or without his
knowledge; ‫( من حيثالال‬with foll. perf.)
without (being, doing, etc.); ‫من حيث ھو‬
such, in itself, ‫‘( العالم من حيث ھو‬ālam) the
world in itself, the world as such; ‫من حيث‬
‫( ان‬anna) inasmuch as; in view of the fact
that; since, as, due to the fact that; ‫ بحيث‬bi-
ḥaitu inasmuch as; in such a manner
that ..., so as to ...; so that ...; such as ...;
(he found himself) at a point or degree
where, e.g., ‫كان من البراءة بحيث ال ترى‬
(barā’a, tarā) = she was so naive that she
couldn't see ...; ‫ بحيث ال‬insofar as ... not,
provided that … not; ‫( بحيث ان‬anna) in
such a manner that ..., so as to ..., so
‫ حيدراباد‬ḥaidarābād2 Hydarabad
that ...
‫ )حار )حير‬ḥāra (1st pers. perf. ‫ )حرت‬a (‫حيرة‬
‫ حيثما‬ḥatumā wherever, wheresoever
(place); wherever, no matter where ...
(direction) │‫( حيثما اتفق‬ittafaqa) anywhere,
wherever it was (or he), haphazardly, at
random
‫ حيثية‬ḥaitīya pl. -āt standpoint; view,
point, point of view, approach; aspect,
respect, regard, consideration; high social
standing, social distinction, dignity; pl.
also: considerations, legal reasons on
which the judgment is based, opinion
(jur.) │‫( )ذوو الحيثية )البارزة‬dawū) or ‫اصحاب‬
‫ اصحاب الحيثيات‬،‫ الحيثية‬people of (high)
social standing, prominent people, people
of distinction; ‫من الحيثية الحيوانية‬
(ḥayawānīya) from a zoological viewpoint
‫ الحيثيون‬al-hātīyūn the Hittites
(‫ حيد( حاد‬ḥāda i (ḥaid, ‫ حيود‬ḥuyūd, ‫حيدان‬
ḥayadān, ‫ محيد‬maḥīd) to deviate, swerve,
depart, desist (If from); to leave, quit, give
up, abandon, relinquish (‫ عن‬s.th.); ‫حاد به عن‬
to dissuade or get s.o. away from ... ; to
incline, tend (‫ نحو‬،‫ الى‬to, toward), sbade,
blend (‫ نحو‬،‫ الى‬into) II to keep aside, put
aside (‫ ھـ‬s.th.) III to stay away, keep apart
(‫ ه‬،‫ ھـ‬from s.o., from s.th.); to avoid, shun (
‫ ه‬،‫ ھـ‬s.o., s.th.) VII to depart, deviate,
digress, swerve (‫ عن‬from)
‫ حيد‬ḥaid, ‫ حيدان‬ḥayadān deviation,
digression, departure, swerving, turning
aside, turning away
‫ حيدة‬ḥaida deviation, digression,
swerving, departure (from a course);
neutrality; impartiality │‫ على حيدة‬aside,
apart, to one side
‫ محيد‬maḥīd avoidance (‫ عن‬of s.th.) │‫ال‬
‫( محيد‬maḥīda) it is unavoidable
‫ حايد‬ḥiyād neutrality (pol.) │‫على الحياد‬
neutral; ‫( حياد عن الخط‬kaṭṭ) derailment
(railroad) 221
‫ حيادي‬ḥiyādī neutral (pol.)
‫ محايدة‬muḥāyada neutrality (pol.)
‫ حائد‬ḥā’id neutral (pol.)
‫ محايد‬muḥāyid neutral (pol.); ‫المحايدون‬
the neutrals (pol.)
‫ متحايد‬mutaḥāyid neutral (pol.)
ḥaira, ‫ حيران‬ḥayarān) to become confused;
to become or be helpless, be at a loss,
know nothing (‫ في‬of, about); to waver,
hesitate, be unable to choose (‫ وبين‬-- ‫بين‬
between - and) │‫( حار في امره‬amrihi) to be
confused. baffled, bewildered, dismayed
to be at a loss, be at one’s wit’s end II to
confuse, baffle, bewilder, nonplus,
embarrass (‫ ه‬s.o.) V to become confused;
to be or become dismayed, startled,
baffled, perplexed (‫ في‬by), be at a loss (‫في‬
to); to waver (uncertainly) (‫ بين‬between) │
‫( تحير في امره‬amrihi) to be confused,
 baffled, bewildered, disconcerted, be at a
loss, be at one’s wit’s end VIII = V
‫ حير‬ḥair fenced-in garden, enclosure │
‫ حير الحيوان‬ḥ. al-ḥayawān zoological
garden, zoo
‫ حيرة‬ḥaira confusion, perplexity,
bewilderment, embarrassment,
helplessness ‫ في حيرة‬embarrassed, at a loss,
helpless
‫ حيران‬ḥairān2, f. ‫ حيرى‬ḥairā, pl. ‫حيارى‬
ḥayārā, ḥuyārā confused, perplexed,
startled, dismayed, disconcerted, baffled,
Nonplused, bewildered, appalled, taken
aback, stunned; embarrassed, at a loss, at
one’s wit’s end; uncertain, helpless,
sheepish (smile, etc.), confused,
incoherent (words, and the like)
‫ تحير‬taḥayyur confusion, perplexity,
bewilderment, dismay; embarrassment,
helplessness
‫ حائر‬ḥā’ir disconcerted, perplexed,
startled. dismayed; embarrassed, helpless,
at a lost, at one’s wit’s end; baffled,
bewildered, confused, uncertain (‫في‬
about); straying, astray │‫حائر في امره‬
(amrihī) confused, baffled, bewildered,
embarrassed, at a loss, helpless
‫ محير‬muḥayyar embarrassed, at a loss,
helpless
‫ محير‬muḥayyir and ‫ محتار‬muḥtār = ‫حائر‬
‫ حيز‬see ‫حوز‬
‫ حيزبون‬see ‫حزب‬
‫ )حاص )حيص‬ḥāṣa i (ḥaiṣ, ‫ حيصة‬ḥaiṣa, ‫محيص‬
maḥīṣ) to flee, escape (‫ عن‬s.th. or from
s.th.), run away (‫ عن‬from), turn one’s back
(‫ عن‬on) VII do.
‫ حيص‬ḥaiṣ, ‫ حيصة‬ḥaiṣa flight, escape
‫ وقع في حيص بيص‬waqa‘a fī ḥaiṣa baiṣa
to get into a bad fix, meet with difficulties
‫ حياصة‬see ‫حوص‬
‫ محيص‬maḥīṣ flight, escape; place of
refuge, retreat, sanctuary │‫ ما عنه محيص‬it
is unavoidable; ‫ لم يكن لھم من محيص‬they
couldn’t but ..., they had no other
alternative but to ...
(‫ حيض( حاضت‬ḥāḍat i (ḥaiḍ, ‫ محيض‬maḥīḍ,
‫ محاض‬maḥāḍ) and V to menstruate, have a
monthly period
‫ حيض‬ḥaiḍ (n. un. ‫ )حيضة‬and ‫ حياض‬ḥiyāḍ
menstruation, monthly period
‫ حائض‬ḥā’iḍ (f.) and ‫ حائضة‬menstruating
‫ حياط‬،‫ حيطان‬،‫ حياطة‬،‫ حيطة‬see ‫حوط‬
1
‫ )حاف )حيف‬ḥāfa i (ḥaif) to deal unjustly (‫على‬
with s.o.), wrong, injure, harm (‫ على‬s.o.);
to restrict, limit, curtail, impair (‫ على‬s.th.),
encroach (‫ على‬upon) V to 222 impair,
injure, prejudice, violate (‫ ھـ‬or ‫ من‬s.th.),
encroach, infringe (‫ ھـ‬or ‫ من‬upon)
‫ حيف‬ḥaif wrong, injustice; harm,
damage, prejudice │ ‫حيف عليه‬what a pity!
too bad! ‫( ال حيف به‬ḥaifa) it is not out of
place, it is quite appropriate
2
‫ حيفاء‬ḥaifā’ Haifa (seaport in NW Israel)
‫ )حاق )حيق‬ḥāqa i to surround, beset from all
sides (‫ ب‬s.o.); to fall, descend, come (‫ب‬
upon s.o., punishment), befall, overtake,
grip, seize, overcome (‫ ب‬s.o.), happen,
occur (‫ ب‬to); to penetrate, pierce (‫ في‬the
body; of a sword); to affect, influence (‫في‬
s.o., s.th.) IV to surround, beset from all
sides (‫ ب‬s.o.); to bring down (‫ ھـ ب‬upon
s.o. s.th.), cause s.th. (‫ )ھـ‬to descend (‫ھـ ب‬
upon s.o.)
‫ حيق‬ḥaiq consequence, effect (of a
misdeed redounding upon the evildoer)
‫ حيك‬II to weave
‫ حياكة‬see ‫حوك‬
‫ حيك‬ḥaik = ‫ حائك‬see ‫حوك‬
1
‫ حيل‬V, ‫ حيلولة‬,‫ حيال‬,‫ احيل‬,‫حيلة‬, etc., see ;‫حول‬
‫ احيلي‬see ‫حلو‬
2
‫حايل‬ḥāyil2 Hail (town and oasis in N Nejd)
‫ )حان )حين‬ḥāna i to draw near, approach, come,
arrive (time); to happen accidentally │‫حان‬
‫ الوقت‬the (right) time has come; now is the
time; ‫ حان له الوقت‬the time has come for
him to …; ‫( اما حان لھم ان يفھموا‬amā, an
yafhamū) haven’t they understood yet ...?;
‫( حانت مني التفاتة‬minnī iltifāta) I happened to
turn around (‫ الى‬to), it just happened that
my eyes fell on (‫ )الى‬II to set a time (‫ ه‬for
s.o.) IV to destroy, wipe out (‫ ه‬s.o.) V to
watch, wait (‫ ھـ‬fur a time or an
 opportunity) │‫( تحين الفرصة‬furṣata) to wait
for an opportunity, bide one's time X
‫ استحين‬istaḥyana to wait for the right time
‫ حان‬ḥān bar; cabaret
‫ حانة‬ḥāna pl. -āt bar, wineshop, wine
tavern; pub, tavern, taproom
‫ حين‬ḥain death, destruction
‫ حين‬ḥīn pl. ‫ احيان‬aḥyān, ‫ احايين‬aḥāyīn2
time; propitious time, good time,
opportunity; ḥīna (prep.) at the time of ...,
at, upon; (conj.) at the time when, when;
as soon as; ‫ حينا‬ḥīnan for some time; once,
one day; ‫ احيانا‬aḥyānan occasionally, from
time to time, sometimes │‫ حينا‬-- ‫حينا‬
sometimes -- sometimes, at times -- at
times; ‫ في االحايين‬at times, sometimes, once
in a while; ‫ )في بعض األحيان )األحايين‬fī ba‘ḍi
l-a. and ‫ بعض األحيان‬ba‘ḍa l-a. sometimes,
occasionally, now and then, once in a
while, from time to time, at times; ‫في اغلب‬
‫ األحيان‬fī aglabi l-a. mostly, most of the
time, in most cases; ‫ الى حين‬for some time;
meanwhile, for the time being; ‫في حينه‬
then, at the time, in his (its) time; in due
time, at the appointed time; ‫ ذا الحين‬dā l-
ḥīna just now, right now; ‫ من ذلك الحين‬from
that time on, from then on; ‫الى ذلك الحين‬
until that time, till then; ‫( في حين‬with foll.
verb) whereas; ‫ في حين ان‬and ‫على حين ان‬
(ḥīni) at the same time when ..., while;
whereas, also without ‫ان‬, e.g., ‫على حين ھم‬
‫‘ يزعمون‬alā ḥīni hum yaz‘umūna whereas
they, on the other hand, claim; ‫من حين الى‬
‫ من حين آلخر‬،‫ حينا بعد حين‬،‫ بين حين وحين‬،‫حين‬
(li-ākara) and ‫( بين حين وآلخر‬wa-ākara)
from time to time, now and then, once in a
while
‫ حينئذ‬ḥīna’idin at that time, then, that
day
‫ حينذاك‬ḥīnadāka at that time, then, that
day
‫ حينما‬ḥīnamā (conj.) while; when, as
‫ حيوي‬،‫ حيوان‬and ‫ حيوية‬see ٢٢٣ ‫حي‬
‫خ‬
‫ خاء‬ḳā’ name of the letter ‫خ‬
‫ خاتون‬ḳātūn pl. ‫ خواتين‬ḳawātīn2 lady, socially
prominent woman│‫ زھرة الخاتون‬zahrat al-
ḳ. little blue flower of the steppe (syr.)
‫ خاخام‬ḳāḳām (=‫ )حاخام‬rabbi
‫ خارصين‬ḳāriṣīn and ‫ خارصينى‬ḳāriṣīnī (eg.) zinc
‫ خازوق‬ḳāzūq pl. ‫ خوازيق‬ḳawāzīq2 post, stake,
pole; dirty trick│ ‫ ھذا خازوق‬that’s tough
luck!
‫ خاقان‬ḳāqān pl. ‫ خواقين‬ḳawāqīn2 overlord, ruler,
sovereign, monarch, emperor
‫ خاكى‬ḳākī earth-colored, khaki
‫ خؤولة‬،‫ خؤول‬see ‫خول‬
‫ خام‬ḳām raw, unworked, unprocessed;
untanned; linen; calico; (pl. -āt) raw
material; inexperienced, green, untrained,
unskilled, artless, uncouth, boorish; pl.
‫ خامات‬raw materials│‫ جلود خام‬raw leather;
‫ خيوط خام‬raw fibers; ‫( زيت خام‬zait) crude
oil; ‫( سكر خام‬sukkar) raw sugar; ‫المواد الخام‬
(mawādd) the raw materials
‫ خان‬ḳān pl. -āt hostel, caravansary; inn, pub,
tavern│‫( الخان الخليلى‬ḳalīlī) district of Cairo
(center of art trade and market activity);
‫ خان يونس‬Khan Yunis (town in Gaza
sector)
‫ خانة‬pl. -at column (e.g., of a
newspaper); square (e.g., on a chessboard)
‫ خب‬ḳabba u (ḳabb, ‫ خبب‬ḳabab, ‫ خبيب‬ḳabīb) to
amble (animal); to trot (horse); to jog,
saunter (person), to sink (‫ فى‬in sand); -- u
(ḳabb) to surge, heave, be rough (sea) V
and VIII to amble (animal); to trot (horse)
‫ خبب‬ḳabab amble; trot
‫ خب‬ḳabb, ḳibb heaving, surging (of the
sea, rough sea
‫ خب‬ḳabb impostor. swindler
‫ خب‬ḳaba’a a and II to bide, conceal (‫ ھـ‬s.th) V
to hide, conceal o.s.; to be hidden, be
concealed VIII to hide, conceal o.s.; to
disappear; to be hidden, be concealed
‫ خبء‬ḳib’ that which is hidden, a hidden thing
‫ خبيئة‬ḳabī’a pl. ‫ خبايا‬ḳabāyā that which is
hidden; a hidden, secret thing; a cache│
‫ خبايا االرض‬ḳ. l-arḍ that which is hidden in
the earth; natural resources
‫ مخبأ‬maḳba’ pl. ‫ مخابئ‬maḳābi’2 hiding place;
hide-out, refuge, haunt, retreat; cellar,
shelter, air-raid shelter
‫ خباء‬ḳibā’ pl. ‫ اخبئة‬aḳbi’a, ‫ اخبية‬aḳbiya tent;
husk, hull (of grain)
‫ خابئة‬ḳābi’a, ‫ خابية‬ḳāiya pl. ‫ خوابئ‬ḳawābī’2, ‫خواب‬
ḳawābin large vessel, cask, jar
‫ مخبآت‬muḳabba’āt hidden, secret things;
secrets
‫ مختبئ‬muḳtabi’ hidden, concealed
‫ خبت‬IV to be humble (‫ الى‬before God(
‫ خبث‬ḳabuta u (ḳubt, ‫ )خباثة‬to be bad; to be
wicked, evil, malicious, vicious,
malignant VI to behave viciously, display
malice; to feel awkward, feel embarrassed
‫ خبث‬ḳubt badness, wickedness;
malignancy (e.g., of a disease); malice,
malevolence, viciousness
‫ خبث‬ḳabat refuse, scum, dross, slag
‫ خبيث‬ḳabīt pl. ‫ خبث‬ḳubut, ‫ خبثاء‬ḳubatā’2,
‫ اخباث‬aḳbāt, ‫ خبثة‬ḳabata bad, evil, wicked;
malicious, vicious, spiteful; noxious,
injurious, harmful; malignant (disease);
offensive, repulsive, nauseating,
disgusting (odor)
‫ اخبث‬aḳbat worse; more wicked
‫ خباثة‬ḳabāta badness wickedness;
malice, malevolence, viciousness,
malignancy
‫ خبر‬ḳabara u (ḳubr, ‫ خبرة‬ḳibra) to try, test (‫ھـ‬
s.th.); to experience (‫ ھـ‬s.th.); to have
tried, have experienced, know by
experience (‫ ھـ‬s.th.); to get to know
thoroughly, know well (‫ ھـ‬s.th., ‫ ه‬s.o.);
ḳabura u to know thoroughly (‫ ب‬or ‫ھـ‬
s.th.), be fully acquainted (‫ ب‬or ‫ ھـ‬with
s.th.) II to notify, advise, apprise, inform,
tell (‫ ه‬s.o., ‫ ب‬of or about) III to write (‫ ه‬to
s.o.). address (‫ ه‬s.o.), turn, appeal (‫ ه‬to
s.o.), contact (‫ ه‬s.o.) in writing; to
negotiate, treat, parley (‫ ه‬with s.o.) IV to
notify, inform, apprise, advise (‫ ب ه‬s.o.
of), let know, tell (‫ ب ه‬s.o. about); to
communicate, report, relate (‫ ب ه‬to s.o.
s.th.), tell (‫ ب ه‬s.o. s.th.) V to inquire (‫ ه‬of
s.o.), ask (‫ ه‬s.o.) VI to inform one another,
notify one another; keep one another
informed; to correspond, write each other;
to negotiate, treat, parley (‫ مع‬with s.o., ‫في‬
about) VIII to explore (‫ ھـ‬s.th.), search (‫ھـ‬
into), seek information (‫ ھـ‬about); to test,
examine (‫ ه‬s.o., ‫ ھـ‬s.th.); to try, put to the
test (‫ ه‬s.o., ‫ ھـ‬s.th.); to have tried, have
experienced, know by experience (‫ھـ‬
s.th.); to know well (‫ ھـ‬s.th.) X to inquire (
‫ عن ه‬of s.o. about), ask (‫ عن ه‬s.o. about)
‫ خبر‬ḳabar pl. ‫ اخبار‬aḳbār news;
information, intelligence: report,
communication, message; notification;
rumor; story; matter, affair; (gram.)
predicate of a nominal clause; pl. annals │
‫ سأله عن أخباره‬to inquire of s.o. about s.o.
else; ‫ كان في خبر كان‬or ‫دخل في خبر كان‬
(ḳabari kana) to belong to the past, be
passé, be no longer existent
‫ خبرة‬ḳibra, ‫ خبر‬ḳubr experience;
knowledge
‫ خبير‬kabīr experienced, expert (‫ ب‬in);
familiar, conversant, well-acquainted (‫ب‬
with), cognizant (‫ ب‬of); ‫ الخبير‬the Knowing
(one of the attributes of God); (pl. ‫خبراء‬
kubarā’2) expert, specialist │ ‫خبير‬
‫الضرائب‬tax expert, tax adviser
‫ خابور‬kābūr pl. ‫ خوابير‬kawābīr2 peg; pin;
wedge
‫ مخبر‬makbar sense, intrinsic
significance; (pl: ‫ مخابر‬makābir2)
laboratory
‫ مخبار‬mikbār pl. ‫ مخابير‬makābīr2 test
tube (chem.)
‫ مخابرة‬mukābara pl. -āt correspondence,
(esp. written) information (in classified
ads: ‫ المخابرة ب‬please write to ..., please
contact ...), notice, notification,
communication │ ‫ مخابرة تلفونية‬telephone
call, telephone conversation; ‫مخابرة خارجية‬
(kārijīya) long-distance call; ‫مخابرة سرية‬
(sirriya) secret communiqué; ‫قلو المخابرات‬
qalam al-m. intelligence bureau; ‫المخابرة‬
‫( حضوريا‬ḥuḍūrīyan) apply in person (in
classified ads)
‫ اخبار‬ikbār notification, information,
communication, note, message; report;
indirect discourse, oratio obliqua (gram.)
‫ اخباري‬ikbārī news-, information- (in
compounds)
‫ تخابر‬takābur negotiation;
correspondence
‫ اختبار‬iktibār pl. -āt exploration, study;
examination; test; test item (of an
examination); trial, testing; (scientific)
 investigation, research, experiment;
experience, empirical knowledge;
practical experience │‫اختبارات تحريرية‬
(taḥrīrīya) written examination items;
٢٢٥ ‫( اختبار ذاتي‬dātī) personal experience;
‫ على سبيل االختبار‬experimentally; ‫تحت االختبار‬
on probation, on trial; ‫حقول االختبار‬
experimental fields
‫ اختباري‬iktibārī experimental;
experiential; empirical
‫ اختبارية‬ihtibārīya empiricism
‫ استختبار‬istikbàr pl. -āt inquiry │ ‫دائرة‬
‫االستختبارات‬information bureau
‫ مخبر‬mukbir pl. -ūn reporter; detective
‫ مختبر‬muktabar pl. -āt laboratory
‫ خبز‬kabaza i (kabz) to bake (‫ ھـ‬bread) VIII do.
‫ خبز‬kubz pl. ‫ اخباز‬akbāz bread
‫ خبزة‬kubza loaf of bread
‫ خباز‬kubza pl. -ūn, ‫ خبازة‬baker
‫ خباز‬kubbaz, ‫ خبيز‬kubbaiz, ‫خبازى‬
kubbazā mallow (bot.)
‫ خبازة‬kibāza baker’s trade, art of baking
‫ مخبز‬makbaz, ‫ مخبزة‬pl. ‫ مخابز‬makābiz2
bakery
‫ خبص‬kabaṣa i (kabṣ) to mix, mingle, intermix
(‫ ب ھـ‬s.th. with) II to mix, mingle,
intermix (‫ ھـ‬s.th.); to muddle, jumble,
confuse (‫ ھـ‬s.th.), make a mess (‫ ھـ‬of)
‫ خبيص‬kabīl, ‫ خبيصة‬medley, mess,
mishmash, hodgepodge; ‫ خبصة‬a jellylike
sweet
‫ خباص‬kabbāṣ one who causes
confusion, who messes things up; an
irresponsible, light-minded person
‫ خبط‬kabaṭa i (kabṭ) to beat, strike (‫ ھـ‬s.th.,
against s.th.); to knock, rap (‫ ھـ‬on, ‫ الباب‬on
the door); to stamp (‫ االرض‬the ground; of
animals) │ ‫( يخبط خبط عشواء‬kabṭa ‘ašwā’)
he acts haphazardly, he proceeds rashly or
at random V to beat, strike, hit (‫ ه‬s.o.); to
bring down, fell, knock out, throw to the
ground (‫ ه‬s.o.); to bump, hit (‫ ھـ‬against),
collide (‫ ھـ‬with), stumble (‫ ھـ‬over); to be
lost, wander about, stray; to grope about,
fumble about; to struggle, resist; to clatter
over the ground, gallop (horse) VIII to
bump (against); to struggle, resist; to
grope about, fumble about; to be lost,
wander around, stray; to stir, bustle
‫ خبطة‬kabta blow, stroke; rap, knock;
noise, din, uproar
‫ خباط‬kubāṭ insanity, madness, mental
disorder
‫ خبل‬kabala u (kabl) to confound, confuse,
mess up, complicate (‫ ھـ‬s.th.); to hinder,
impede, handicap, stop, hold back (‫ ه‬s.o.);
to befuddle (‫ ه‬s.o.), confuse s.o.’s (‫ )ه‬mind,
rob (‫ ه‬s.o.) of his senses make (‫ ه‬s.o.)
crazy; -- kabila a (kabal, ‫ خبال‬kabal) to get
confused; to be or become mentally
disturbed, crazy, insane II to confound,
confuse (‫ ھـ‬s.th., ‫ ه‬s.o.); to complicate,
entangle, mess up, muddle, throw into
disorder (‫ ھـ‬s.th.); to rob of his senses,
drive insane (‫ ه‬s.o.) VIII to become
muddled, disordered (mind)
‫ خبل‬kabl, kabal confusion; mental
disorder, insanity
‫ خبل‬kabil mad, crazy, insane;
feebleminded, dim-witted
‫ اخبل‬akbal 2 mad, crazy, insane; feeble-
minded, dim-witted
‫ اختبال‬iktibāl mental disorder
‫ مخبول‬makbūl mad, crazy, idiotic,
imbecilic, mentally deranged, insane;
muddlehead, dolt, fool
‫ مخبل‬makbal confused. baffled,
perplexed, dismayed; muddled, confused,
mixed up
(‫ خبو( خبا‬kabā u (kabw, kubūw) to go out, die
(fire)
‫ خبايا‬and ‫ خباء‬pl. ‫ اخبية‬see ‫خبأ‬
‫ خابية‬pl. ‫ خواب‬see ٢٢٦ ‫خبأ‬
‫ خبياري‬kibyārī caviar
‫ ختر‬katara i (katr) to betray (‫ ه‬s.o.), act
perfidiously, disloyally (‫ ه‬toward s.o.); to
deceive, cheat, dupe (‫ ه‬s.o.)
‫ ختر‬katr disloyalty, breach of
confidence, perfidy, treachery, betrayal,
deception
‫ ختار‬kattār traitor, disloyal person,
cheat, swindler
 ‫ خاتر‬kātir treacherous, perfidious,
disloyal
‫ ختل‬katala i u (katl, ‫ ختال‬katalan) to dupe, gull,
cheat, double-cross, deceive (‫ ه‬s.o.) III to
deceive, cheat, dupe (‫ ه‬s.o.); to behave
hypocritically VIII = I
‫ ختل‬katl and ‫ مخاتل‬mukātala deception,
trickery, double-dealing, duplicity,
duping, gulling
‫ مخاتل‬mukātil deceitful, crafty, wily,
foxy
‫ ختم‬katama i (katm, ‫ ختام‬kitām) to seal, provide
with a seal or signet (‫ ھـ‬s.th.); to stamp,
impress with a stamp (‫ ھـ‬s.th.); to seal off,
close, make impervious or inaccessible (‫ھـ‬
s.th.; also ‫ على‬the hearts, said of God); to
put one’s seal (‫ ھـ‬on), conclude, terminate
(‫ ھـ‬s.th.); to wind up, finish, complete (‫ھـ‬
s.th.); to close, heal, cicatrize (wound) V
to put on or wear a ring (‫ب( │ تختم بالذھب‬
(dahab) to wear a golden ring VIII to
conclude, finish, terminate, wind up (‫ھـ‬
s.th.)
‫ ختم‬katm sealing; -- (pl. ‫ اختام‬aktām, ‫ختوم‬
kutūm) seal, signet, seal imprint; stamp,
stamp imprint; also = ‫( ختمة‬see below) │
‫ختم البريد‬postmark, (postal) cancellation
stamp; ‫ شمع الختم‬šam‘ al-k. sealing wax
‫ ختمة‬katma pl. katamāt recital of the
entire Koran, esp. on festive occasions
2
‫ خاتم‬kātam, kātam pl. ‫ خواتم‬kawātim seal
ring, signet ring; ring, finger ring; seal,
signet; stamp │‫ خاتم الزواج‬k. zawāj
wedding ring; ‫ خاتم النبيين‬k. an-nabīyīn the
Seal (i.e., the last) of the Prophets =
Mohammed
2
‫ خاتام‬kātām pl. ‫ خواتيم‬kawātīm seal ring,
signet ring; ring
‫ ختام‬kitām sealing wax; end, close,
conclusion, termination │‫ في الختام‬at the
end, at last, finally, eventually
‫ ختامي‬kitāmī final, concluding │‫كلمة‬
‫( ختامية‬kalima) concluding speech
‫ اختتام‬iktitām end, close, conclusion,
termination
‫ خاتمة‬kātima pl. ‫ خواتم‬kawātim2, ‫خواتيم‬
kawātīm2 end, close, conclusion,
termination; epilogue (of a book); ‫خواتيم‬
final stage
‫ مختم‬mukattam ringed, adorned with a
ring or rings (hand)
‫ مختتم‬muktatam end, close, conclusion,
termination
1
‫ختن‬katana i (katn) to circumcise (‫ ه‬a boy)
VIII pass
‫ ختن‬katn circumcision
‫ ختن‬katan pl. ‫ اختان‬aktān son-in-law
bridegroom
‫ ختان‬kitān, ‫ ختانة‬kitāna circumcision
2
‫ خاتون‬look up alphabetically
‫ خثر‬katara u and katira a to become solid,
become thick, solidify, thicken; to be or
become viscous, syrupy; to clot, coagulate
(liquid); to curdle (milk) II and IV to
thicken, inspissate, condense, coagulate (‫ھـ‬
liquid); to curdle (‫ ھـ‬milk) V = I
O ‫ خثرة‬katra thrombosis (med.)
‫ خثار‬kutar dregs (of a liquid); scum of
the earth, riffraff, mob
‫ خثارة‬kutāra dregs (of a liquid);
sediment, lees 227
‫ تخثر‬takattur coagulation │O ‫( تخثر المخ‬mukk)
cerebral thrombosis
‫ خاثر‬kātir thickened, inspissated, condensed;
viscous, ropy, sirupy; curdled, coagulated,
clotted; yoghurt, curd
‫ مخثر‬mukattar thickened, inspissated,
condensed; viscous, ropy, sirupy; curdled,
coagulated, clotted
‫ خجل‬kajila a (kajal) to become embarrassed; to
be ashamed (‫ من‬of s.th. or to face s.o.), be
abashed ( by s.th.), feel embarrassed (‫من‬
about s.th. or in front of s.o.) II and IV to
shame (‫ ه‬s.o.); to embarrass, abash, put to
shame (‫ ه‬s.o.)
‫ خجل‬kajal shame (‫ من‬at); bashfulness
diffidence, timidity, shyness; abashment;
disgrace, shame, ignominy │‫( يا للخجل‬la-l-
kajal) O disgrace! the shame of it!
‫ خجل‬kajil abashed, embarrassed;
bashful, diffident, shy, timid; overgrown
with luxuriant, profuse vegetation; long
and flowing (garment)
 ‫ خجول‬kajūl abashed, ashamed, shame-
faced; shy, bashful, diffident, timid
‫ خجالن‬kajalān abashed, ashamed,
shamefaced; shy, bashful, diffident, timid;
bewildered with shame, embarrassed
‫ مخجول‬makjūl ashamed, shamefaced
‫ مخجل‬mukjil arousing shame, shameful;
shocking, disgraceful, ignominious │
‫( اعضاء المخجلة‬a‘ḍā’) the pudenda
‫ خد‬kadda u to furrow, plow (a the ground) V to
be furrowed; to become wrinkled (akin)
‫ خد‬kadd pl. ‫ خدود‬kudūd cheek; lateral
portion, side │‫ صعر خده‬ṣa‘‘ra kaddahū to
put on a contemptuous mien
‫ خد‬kadd and ‫ خدة‬kudda pl. ‫ خدد‬kudad
furrow, ridge, groove, rut
‫ اخدود‬ukdūd pl. ‫ اخاديد‬akādīd2 furrow,
ridge, groove, rut; trench, excavation
‫ خد‬mikadda pl. ‫ مخاد‬makadd2 cushion,
pillow; seat cushion
‫ خديج‬kadīj premature child
‫ خداج‬kidāj abortion, miscarriage
‫ خدر‬kadira a (kadar) to be numb, prickle,
tingle (leg, arm); to be or become limp,
benumbed, paralyzed; -- kadara u to
confine to women’s quarters, keep in
seclusion (‫ ھا‬a girl) II to numb, benumb,
stupefy (‫ ه‬s.o., ‫ ھـ‬a s.th.); to anesthetize,
narcotize, put to sleep (‫ ه‬s.o., ‫ ھـ‬s.th.;
med.); to confine to women’s quarters,
keep in seclusion (la a girl) IV to make
torpid, stupefy, benumb, deprive of
sensation, narcotize (‫ ه‬s.o., ‫ ھـ‬s.th.) V to be
numbed. be stunned, be stupefied, be
deprived of sensation; to come to rest,
calm down
‫ خدر‬kidr pl. ‫ خدور‬kudūr, ‫ اخدار‬akdār,
‫ اخادير‬akādīr2 curtain, drape; women’s
quarters of a tent; boudoir, private room
(of a lady)
‫ خدر‬kadar and ‫ خدرة‬kudra numbness,
insensibility (esp. of a limb gone to sleep);
daze. torpor, stupor
‫ خدر‬kadir numb (limb); benumbed,
torpid, dazed
‫ خدر‬takdīr anesthetization,
narcotization
‫ خادر‬kādir limp, languid; benumbed,
torpid, dazed; hidden in his den, lurking
(lion)
‫ خادرة‬kādira chrysalis (of a caterpillar;
zool.)
‫ مخدر‬mukaddir anesthetic, painkilling,
tranquilizing; (pl. -āt) an anesthetic; a
narcotic, drug, dope
‫ مخدر‬mukaddar numb, torpid,
insensible; (eg.) tipsy, fuddled, drunk
‫ مخدرة‬mukaddira girl kept in seclusion
from the outside world 228
‫ خدش‬kadaša i (kadš) to scratch (‫ ھـ‬s.th.); to
maul, lacerate, tear to pieces (‫ ھـ‬s.th.); to
violate (‫ ھـ‬the rules of decency, s.o.’s
honor, and the like); to disturb (‫ ھـ‬the
peace); to ruin, sully, run down (‫سمعته‬
sum‘atahū s.o.’s reputation) II to scratch (
‫ ھـ‬s.th.) j to maul, lacerate, tear to pieces (
‫ ھـ‬s.th.); to violate (‫ ھـ‬the rules of decency,
s.o.’s honor, etc.); to ruin, sully, run down
(‫ سمعته‬sum‘atahū s.o.’s reputation)
‫ خدش‬kadš pl. ‫ خدوش‬kudūš, ‫ اخداش‬akdāš
scratch, scratch mark; graze, abrasion
‫ خدع‬kada‘a a to cheat (‫ ه‬s.o., ‫ عن‬out of s.th.);
to deceive, mislead, dupe, gull (‫ ه‬s.o.);
pass. kudi‘a to be mistaken, be wrong (‫عن‬
about); to fail to see clearly (‫ عن‬with
regard to), get the wrong impression (‫عن‬
of s.th.) III to cheat, dupe, deceive, take in
(‫ ه‬s.o.); to try to deceive or double-cross (‫ه‬
s.o.) VII to let o.s. be deceived, be
deceived, deluded, misled (‫ ب‬by); to be
mistaken, be wrong
‫ خدع‬kud‘a pl. ‫ خدع‬kuda‘, -āt deception,
cheating, swindle
‫ خدعة‬kuda‘a impostor, swindler, cheat,
sharper
‫ سوى خدع‬sawwā akda‘ahū to crush
s.o.’s pride, humble s.o.
‫ خديعة‬kadī‘a pl. ‫ خدائع‬kadā’i‘2 deception,
deceit, betrayal, treachery, perfidy,
trickery, imposture
‫ خداع‬kaddā‘ impostor, swindler,
sharper, cheat, crook; deceptive, delusive
‫ خيدع‬kaida‘ fata morgana, mirage
 ‫ اخاديع‬akādi‘2 swindles, underhand
dealings, crooked practices; phantoms,
phantasms, delusions
‫ مخدع‬mika‘, mukda‘, makda‘ pl. ‫مخادع‬
makādi2 small room, chamber, cabinet;
bedchamber
‫ خداع‬kidā‘ deception, deceit, swindle,
imposture, betrayal, treachery, perfidy,
trickery, duplicity
‫ خداعي‬kidā‘ī deceitful, fraudulent;
deceptive, delusive, fallacious
‫ مخادع‬mukādi‘ swindler, impostor,
cheat, sharper, crook
‫ خدل‬kadala a to stiffen, become rigid; to
become numb, torpid, limp
‫ خدم‬kadama i u (‫ خدم‬kidma) to serve, be at
service, do service; to have a job; to work;
to wait (‫ ه‬on s.o.); to serve (‫ ه‬s.o., ‫ ھـ‬s.th.);
to render a service (‫ ه‬to s.o., ‫ ھـ‬to s.th.),
stand up (‫ ه‬for s.o.) │ ‫ خدم األرض‬to till or
cultivate the soil; ‫خدمه خدمات كثيرة‬
(kidamātin katīratan) he rendered him
many services; ‫( خدم ركاب فالن‬rikāba) to be
at s.o.’s beck and call; ‫خدم مصالح فالن‬
(maṣāliḥa) to serve s.o.’s interests; ‫خدم‬
‫( القداس‬quddāsa) to celebrate Mass (Chr.)
II to employ, hire (‫ ه‬s.o.), engage the
services (‫ ه‬of s.o.); to give work (‫ ه‬to s.o.),
provide work (‫ ه‬for) X to employ, hire,
take on (‫ ه‬s.o., ‫ ل‬for s.th.), engage the
services (‫ ل ه‬of s.o. for s.th.); to put in
operation, operate (‫ ھـ‬e.g., a public utility);
to employ, use (‫ ھـ‬s.th., ‫ ل‬for), make use,
avail o.s. (‫ ھـ‬of s.th., ‫ ل‬for a purpose)
‫ خدم‬kadam servants, attendants
‫ خدمة‬kidma pl. ‫ خدم‬kidam, -āt a service
(rendered); attendance, service; operation;
office, employment, occupation, job; work
│ ‫في خدمة شيء‬in the service of s.th.; ‫في‬
‫ خدمتكم‬at your service; ‫خدم للحقيقة‬
(kidmatan) in the interest of truth, for the
sake of truth; ‫'( خدمة عسكرية‬askarīya)
military service; ‫( الخدمة االجبارية‬ijbārīya)
‫ خديو‬kidīw, ‫ خديوي‬kudaiwī khedive
conscription, compulsory service; ‫الخدمة‬
‫( السرية‬sirrīya) secret service (pol.); ‫خدمة‬
‫ القداس‬k. al-quddās celebration of Mass
(Chr.) 229
‫ خدام‬kaddām pl. ‫ ة‬manservant, servant,
attendant; woman servant, female
domestic servant, maid
‫ خدام‬kadāma attendance, service;
employment, occupation, office, job
‫ خدام‬kaddāma pl. -āt woman servant,
female domestic servant, maid
‫ تخديم‬takdīm work, occupation or duty
of an employment agent (‫ مخدم‬mukaddim
see below) │ ‫ مكتب التخديم‬maktab at-t. labor
office, employment bureau
‫ استخدام‬istikdām (putting into) operation;
use, utilization; employment, hiring (of an
employee); service, occupation, position,
job
‫ خادم‬kādim pl. ‫ خدام‬kuddām, ‫خدمة‬
kudama domestic servant, help;
manservant; woman servant; employee;
attendant; waiter; deacon (Chr.)
‫ خادمة‬kādima woman servant; female
domestic servant, maid; woman attendant
‫ خادمية‬kādimīya status of a servant
‫ مخدوم‬makdūm pl. -ūn, ‫ مخاديم‬makādīm2
master, employer
‫ مخدومة‬makdūma mistress, lady (of the
house), woman employer
‫ مخدومية‬makdūmīya status of the master
or employer
‫ مخدم‬mukaddim pl. -ūn employment
agent
‫ مستخدم‬mustakdim pl. -ūn employer; --
mustakdam (colloq. mustakdim) pl. -ūn
employee, official
‫ خدن‬III to befriend (‫ ه‬s.o.), make friends (‫ ه‬with
s.o.); to associate socially (‫ ه‬with)
‫ خدن‬kidn pl. ‫ اخدان‬akdān (intimate)
friend, companion, confidant
‫ خدين‬kadīn (intimate) friend,
companion, confidant
‫ خديوي‬kidīwī khedivial
‫ خذأ‬X to submit, subject o.s.
‫ مستخذئ‬mustakdi’ submissive, servile,
subservient, obedient
‫ خذروف‬kūdrūf pl. ‫ خذاريف‬kadārīf2 (spinning)
top
‫ خذروفي‬kudrūfī turbinate, toplike
‫ خذف‬kadafa i (kadf) to hurl away (‫ ب‬،‫ ھـ‬s.th.)
‫ مخذفة‬mikdafa sling, slingshot, catapult
‫ خذل‬kadala u (kadl, ‫ خذالن‬kidlān) to leave,
abandon, forsake, desert, leave in the
lurch (‫ ه‬or ‫ عن‬s.o.); to stay behind; to
disappoint; pass. kudila to fail, suffer a
setback, meet with disappointment III to
leave, abandon, forsake, desert, leave in
the lurch (‫ ه‬s.o.) VI to let up, flag, grow
slack, languish, wane, decrease, fade,
grow feeble VII to be left in the lurch; to
be helpless; to be defeated; to meet with
disappointment
‫ خذل‬kidlān disappointment
‫ تختذل‬ta!:d4u.l fatigue, languor,
weakness, feebleness; relaxation,
lessening of tension; disagreement,
dissent, disunion
‫ انخذال‬inkidāl forsakenness,
desertedness, abandonment; defeat
‫ خذل‬mutakādil languid, weak, exhausted,
spent, effete
‫ خذو‬X to submit, subject o.s.
‫ استخذاء‬istikdā’ subservience,
submissiveness, servility
‫ مستخذ‬mustakdin submissive, servile,
subservient, obedient
‫ خر‬karra i (‫ خرير‬karīr) to murmur, bubble,
gurgle, purl (of running water); to ripple,
trickle; to snore; -- (karr, ٢٣٠ ‫ خرور‬kurūr)
to fall, fall down, drop; to sink to the
ground, prostrate o.s. │ ‫خر على األرض‬fall
to the ground; ‫( خر بين يديه‬baina yadaihi)
he prostrated himself before him; ‫خر تحت‬
‫( قدميه‬taḥta qadmnaihi) he fell at hill feet
‫ خرير‬karīr purl, murmur, ripple (of water)
‫ خرئ‬kari’a a (‫ خرء‬kar’) to evacuate the
bowels, defecate
‫ خرء‬kur’ and ‫ خراء‬karā’ excrement,
feces
‫ خراسان‬kurāsān2 Khurasan (province in NE
Iran)
1
‫ خرب‬karaba i (karb) to destroy, wreck,
demolish, shatter, devastate, lay waste (‫ھـ‬
s.th.); -- kariba a (‫ خراب‬karāb) to be or
become destroyed, ruined, waste, go to
ruin, fall apart, disintegrate II to devastate,
lay waste, destroy, wreck, demolish, ruin,
lay in ruins (‫ ھـ‬s.th.) IV = II; V to be or
become destroyed, ruined, waste, go to
ruin, Call apart, disintegrate
‫ خرب‬karb destruction, devastation
‫ خرب‬kurb hole; eye of a needle; anus
‫ خرب‬karib destroyed, demolished,
wrecked, devastated, waste; dilapidated,
tumble-down, ramshackle; broken, ruined,
out of order
‫ خربة‬kirba pl. ‫ خرب‬kirab (site of)
ruins; ruin, disintegrating structure
‫ خربة‬karba, kurba irreligion,
lawlessness
‫ خربة‬kurba pl. ‫ خرب‬kurab hole; eye of a
needle; anus
‫ خربة‬kariba (site of) ruins
‫ خراب‬karàb ruin, ruination; state of
destruction or dilapidation; desolation; (pl.
‫ اخربة‬akriba) (site of) ruins
‫ خرابة‬karāba pl. -āt, ‫ خرائب‬karā’ib2
disintegrating structure, ruin, ruins
‫ خربان‬karbān, kirbān destroyed,
wrecked, demolished, devastated, waste;
ruined, broken, out of order
‫ تخريب‬takrīb pl. -āt devastation,
destruction, wrecking, demolition;
sabotage
‫‘ عمل تخريبي‬amal takrībī act of sabotage
‫ خارب‬kārib annihilator, destroyer
‫ مخرب‬mukarrib pl. -ūn annihilator,
destroyer; saboteur
‫ مخرب‬mukrib annihilator, destroyer
2
‫ خروب‬karrūb (coll.; n. un. ‫ )ة‬carob, locust;
carob bean, locust pod, St.-John’s-bread
‫ خروبة‬karrūba pl. -āt kharouba, a dry measure
(Eg.; = 1/16 ٢٩١. = ‫ قدح‬l)
‫ خربش‬karbaša to scratch; to scrawl, scribble
‫ خربوش‬karbuš pl. ‫ خرابيش‬karābīš (syr.)
tent
 O ‫ مخربشات‬mukarbašāt graffiti
‫ خربط‬karbaṭa to throw into disorder,
disarrange, confuse (‫ ھـ‬s.th.)
‫ خربق‬karbaqa to perforate, riddle (‫ ھـ‬s.th.); to
spoil, mar (‫ ھـ‬s.th.)
‫ خربق‬karbaq hellebore (bot.)
‫ خرت‬karata u (kart) to pierce, bore, perforate (
‫ ھـ‬s.th.), make a hole (‫ ھـ‬in)
‫ خرت‬kurt, kart pl. ‫ اخرات‬akrāt, ‫خروت‬
kurūt hole; bore, drill hole; ring, eye,
eyelet
‫ حريت‬kirrīt experienced, practiced,
skilled; guide
‫ خرتيت‬kartīt rhinoceros
‫ خرج‬karaja u (‫ خروج‬kurūj) to go out, walk out;
to come out (‫ من‬of), emerge (‫ من‬from); to
drive or ride out, go out (in a vehicle); to
flow out, exude, effuse; to go away,
depart, leave, retire; to protrude, 231
project, stick out; to leave (‫ من‬s.th.); to
dismount, alight, disembark (‫ من‬from), get
out, step out (‫ من‬of); to emanate, issue,
arise, originate, result (‫ من‬from); to draw
away, segregate, separate, secede, dissent
(‫ عن‬from), disagree (‫ عن‬with); to deviate,
depart (‫ عن‬from an arrangement, from a
principle); to be an exception (‫ عن‬to); to
be outside a given subject (‫)عن‬, go beyond
a topic (‫)عن‬, exceed (‫ عن‬a topic); to be
alien (‫ عن‬to), be extraneous (‫ عن‬from), not
to belong (‫ عن‬to), be not included (‫ عن‬in),
have nothing to do with (‫ عن(؛ ال يخرج عن‬it
is limited to ..., it is nothing but ... ; to go
forth (into battle); to attack (‫ على‬s.o., s.th.),
rise, fight (‫ على‬against); to rebel, revolt (
‫ على‬against); to violate, break, infringe (
‫ على‬a rule, a regulation); ‫ خرج عليه ب‬to
come up to s.o. with …, confront s.o. with
... ; to get out, bring out, take out (‫ ب‬s.o.);
to turn out, oust, dislodge (‫ ب‬s.o.); to lead
away, dissuade (‫ عن ب‬s.o. from); to find
out, discover (‫ ب‬s.th.) │‫( خرج عن الخط‬kaṭṭ)
to be derailed, run off the track (train) II to
move out, take out, dislodge (‫ ه‬s.o., ‫ھـ‬
s.th.); to turn out, oust, expel, evict, drive
out (‫ ه‬s.o., ‫ ھـ‬s.th.); to remove, eliminate (‫ه‬
s.o., ‫ ھـ‬s.th.); to exclude, except (‫ ھـ‬s.th.);
to train (‫ ه‬s.o., ‫ في‬in a skill, and the like);
to educate, bring up (‫ ه‬s.o.); to distill (‫ھـ‬
s.th.); to pull out, extract (‫ ھـ‬s.th.); to
gather, deduce, infer (‫ ھـ‬s.th.); to explain,
interpret, expound, elucidate (‫ ھـ‬s.th.) IV
to move out, take out, get out, bring out,
dislodge (‫ ه‬s.o., ‫ ھـ‬s.th.); to unload (‫ھـ‬
s.th.), disembark, detrain, etc. (‫ ه‬s.o., e.g.,
troops); to turn out, oust (‫ ه‬s.o.); to emit,
send out (‫ ھـ‬s.th., e.g., electric waves); to
stick out (‫ ھـ‬e.g., the tongue); to fish out (
‫ ھـ‬s.th. from the pocket); to bring out into
the open, make public (‫ ھـ‬s.th.); to
remove, extract (‫ ھـ‬s.th.); to eliminate (‫ھـ‬
s.th.); to expel, evict, exile, expatriate (‫ه‬
s.o., ‫ من‬from a country); to dismiss, fire,
remove (‫ ه‬s.o., ‫ من‬from an office); ‫اخرجه من‬
‫( ثروته‬tarwatihī) to rob s.o. of his property,
dispossess, expropriate s.o.; to give off,
sound, emit (‫ ھـ‬s.th., e.g., a tone; said of a
musical instrument); to set forth, state,
express, utter, voice (‫ ھـ‬an opinion); to
break (‫ ريحا‬rīḥan wind); to educate, bring
up (‫ ه‬s.o.); to train (‫ ه‬s.o.); to stage,
produce (‫ ھـ‬a play; theat.); to bring out,
make, shoot (‫ رواية‬riwāyatan a film, said
of a director); to except, exclude (‫ ھـ‬s.th.,
‫ عن‬from); to pull out, extract (‫ ھـ‬s.th.); to
select (‫ ھـ‬s.th.) V to be educated; to be
trained (‫ في‬in a school, college, also ‫من؛ في‬
in a field); to graduate (‫ في‬from a school,
from a college, also ‫ )من‬VI to part
company, separate; to disengage,
disassociate, withdraw from one another;
to cede, assign, transfer, make over (‫ل عن‬
s.th. to s.o.) X to get out, move out,
remove (‫ ھـ‬s.th., ‫ من‬from); to take out,
draw (‫ ھـ‬s.th., ‫ من‬from); to pull out, extract
(‫ ھـ‬s.th., ‫ من‬from); to mine, extract,
recover (‫ ھـ‬mineral resources); to win,
gain, make (‫ ھـ‬a product, ‫ من‬from); to
copy, excerpt (A s.th., ‫ من‬from a book or
document); to derive, draw, deduce, figure
out, compute (‫ من ھـ‬s.th. from); to elicit (‫ھـ‬
s.th., e.g., astonishment, ‫ من‬from s.o.); to
find out, discover (‫ ھـ‬s.th.)
‫ خرج‬karj expenditure, outlay,
expense(s), costs; land tax; s.th.
appropriate or suitable, that which is s.o.’s
due, which s.o. deserves, which s.o. needs;
(eg.) ration (food); (pl. ‫ خروجات‬kurūjāat)
trimming; edge, edging, piping; pl. lace;
trimmings │‫ ھذا خراجك‬that’s what you
need, what you deserve; ‫ خرج المشنقة‬k. al-
mašnaqa one who deserves to be hanged
 ‫ خرج‬kurj pl. ‫ خرجة‬kiraja saddlebag,
portmanteau 232
‫ خرجة‬karja pl. karajāt exit, departure;
protrusion, protuberance, projection,
salient part; (eg.) funeral
‫ خراج‬karāj tax; kharaj, land tax (Isl.
Law)
‫ خراجي‬karājī of or pertaining to land
tax; of or pertaining to the taxed and
cultivable area
‫ خرج‬kurāj (coll.; n. un. ‫ة‬, pl. -āt) skin
eruption; tumor, abscess
‫ خروج‬kurūj exit; egression, emergence;
departure; exodus; emigration; raid,
foray, sortie (‫ على‬against), attack,
assault (‫ على‬on) │ ‫( خروج عن الخط‬kaṭṭ)
derailment (of a train)
‫ خريج‬kirrīj pl. -ūn graduate (of a school,
college, or university) │‫مؤتمر الخريجين‬
‫ العرب‬mu’tamar al-k. al-‘arab Congress of
Arab Graduates (a supra-national
organization of university graduates
advocating a unified Arab world)
‫ مخرج‬makraj pl. ‫ مخارج‬makārij2 (place
of) exit; way out (of a difficult situation),
outlet, escape, loophole, shift, dodge,
excuse; articulation (of a sound); O
cathode (el.) │‫ علم مخارج الحروف‬phonetics
‫ تخريج‬takrīj education, training (in
schools, colleges); raising, upbringing,
rearing (of children); extraction;
derivation, deduction; interpretation,
exegesis
‫ اخراج‬ikrāj taking out, moving out,
removal; unloading, disembarkment,
detrainment; emission; moving, carting
away, hauling off; evacuation;
publication, publicizing, bringing before
the public; extraction, removal;
elimination; dismissal, removal (from an
office); ousting, expulsion, eviction,
expatriation, banishment (from a country);
excretion (biol.); finding out, discovery,
figuring out; training, formation,
education; direction, production, staging
(motion pictures, theater) │‫تولى االخراج‬
(tawallā) to have the, direction (motion
pictures, theater); ‫ من اخراج‬... directed by
(motion picture)
‫ تخرج‬takarruj graduation (from a
school or college)
‫ تخارج‬takāruj separation, disassociation,
disengagement, (mutual) withdrawal
‫ استخراج‬istikrāj taking out, moving out,
pulling out, removal; withdrawing;
extraction, derivation, gaining (of
industrial products, etc.), mining, recovery
(of mineral resources); preparation of an
extract; excerpting, copying; deduction,
inference; solution (of a problem)
‫ خارج‬kārij outer, outside, outward,
exterior; external, foreign j outside,
exterior (n.); foreign country or countries;
quotient (arith.); karija (prep.) outside,
out of ‫ خارجا‬kārijan outside │‫خارجا عن‬
outside of, apart from; ‫ في الخارج‬abroad, in
foreign countries; outside; ‫الى الخارج‬
abroad, to foreign countries; to the
outside, outward, out
‫ الخارجة‬El Khārga (town in central
Egypt, in Khārga oasis)
‫ خارجي‬kārijī outer, out- (in
compounds), outside, outward, exterior,
external; foreign; nonresident │‫عيادة خارجية‬
(‘iyāda) policlinic; ‫ وزارة خارجية‬ministry of
foreign (external) affairs, foreign ministry;
‫( تلميذ خارجي‬tilmīd) a student not living at a
boarding school, a day student
‫ خوارج‬kawārij2 the Khawarij, Kharijites
(the oldest religious sect of Islam);
dissenters, dissidents, backsliders, rebels
‫ مخرج‬mukrij pl. -ūn (screen or stage)
director
‫ مخرج‬mukraj excerpt, extract (from a
book); ‫ مخرجات‬excretions (biol.) 233
‫ متخرج‬mutakarrij pl. -ūn graduate (‫ في‬or
‫ من‬of a school or college)
‫ مستخرج‬mustakraj pl. -āt extract;
excerpt (‫ من‬from), partial copy (‫ من‬of)
‫ خرخر‬karkara to snore
1
‫ خرد‬karida a to be a virgin, be untouched,
innocent, chaste
‫ خريدة‬karida pl. ‫ خرائد‬karā’id2, ‫خرد‬
kurud virgin; unbored pearl
2
‫ خردة‬kurda scrap metal, scrap iron; pl. ‫خردوات‬
kardawāt notions, smallwares; small
 goods, smalls, miscellaneous small
articles; (eg. also) novelties, fancy goods
for ladies
‫ خردجي‬kurdajī dealer in miscellaneous
smallwares
‫ خردق‬kurdaq, kurduq small shot, buckshot
‫ خردل‬kardal (coll.; n. un. ‫ )ة‬mustard seeds;
mustard
‫ خرز‬karaza I u to pierce, bore (‫ ھـ‬s.th.)
‫ خرز‬karaz (coll.; n. un. ‫ )ة‬pearls
‫ مخرز‬mikraz pl. ‫ مخارز‬makāriz2 awl;
punch
‫ مخراز‬mikrāz awl; punch
1
‫ خرس‬karisa a (karas) to be dumb mute; to
become silent, keep silent, hold one’s
tongue IV to silence, reduce to silence,
gag (‫ ه‬s.o.)
‫ خرس‬karas dumbness, muteness
‫ اخرس‬akras2, f. ‫ خرساء‬karsā’2 pl. ‫خرس‬
kurs, ‫ خرسان‬kursān dumb, mute
‫ خرسان‬karsān2 dumb, mute
2
‫ خرسان‬karasān, ‫ خرسانة‬karasāna concrete
(béton) │O ‫( خرسانة مسلحة‬musallaḥa)
armored (or reinforced) concrete
‫ خرشوف‬kuršūf (coll.; n. un. ‫ )ة‬pl. ‫خراشيف‬
karāšīf artichoke
‫ خرص‬karaṣa u (karṣ) to guess estimate (‫ھـ‬
s.th.); to conjecture, surmise (‫ ھـ‬s.th.),
form conjectures (‫ ھـ‬about); to tell an
untruth, a falsehood, to lie V to fabricate
lies (‫ على‬against s.o.); to raise false
accusations (‫ على‬against s.o.)
‫ خرص‬kirṣ, kurṣ, pl. ‫ خرصان‬kirṣān,
kurṣān earring
‫ خراص‬karrāṣ pl. -ūn Ii&!', slanderer,
calumniator
‫ خرط‬karaṭa u i (karṭ) to pull off, strip (‫ھـ‬
leaves from a tree); to turn, lathe, shape
with a lathe (‫ ھـ‬wood, metal); to
exaggerate, boast, brag, lie; -- u (eg.) to
cut into small pieces; to mince, chop, dice
(‫ ھـ‬meat, carrots, etc.) II (eg.) to cut into
small pieces, mince, chop (‫ ھـ‬s.th.) VII to
be turned. be lathed. be shaped with a
lathe; to join, enter (‫ في سلك‬،‫ في‬fī silk an
organization, a community), affiliate (،‫في‬
‫ في سلك‬with an organization, a
community); to penetrate (‫ في‬s.th. or into);
to plunge headlong (‫ في‬into), embark
rashly (‫ في‬upon); to labor, slave, toil │
‫( انخرط في البكاء‬bukā’) to break into tears
‫ خرط‬karṭ pulling-off (of leaves); ‫دون ذلك‬
‫ خرط القتاد‬see ‫ دون‬turning, turnery
‫ خراط‬karrāṭ pl. -ūn turner, lather;
braggart, bluffer, storyteller
‫ خراطة‬kirāṭa turner’s trade, turnery, art
of turning
‫ خراطة‬karrāta skirt (syr.)
‫ خريطة‬karīṭa pl. ‫ خرائط‬karā’iṭ, ‫خرط‬
kuruṭ map, chart
‫ مخرطة‬mikraṭa, makraṭa pl. ‫مخارط‬
makāriṭ2 lathe
‫ خارطة‬kāriṭa pl. -āt map, chart
‫ مخروط‬makrūṭ cone (math.); conic 234
‫ مخروطي‬makrūṭī conic
‫ خرطوش‬karṭūš, ‫ خرطوشة‬karṭūša pl. ‫خراطيش‬
karāṭīš 2 cartridge; lead (of a pencil);
cartouche (arch.); daybook
‫ خرطال‬karṭāl oats
‫ خرطوم‬karṭūm pl. ‫ خراطيم‬karāṭīm2 proboscis,
trunk (of the elephant); hose
‫ الخرطوم‬al-karṭūm Khartoum (capital of
the Sudanese Republic)
‫ خراطين‬karāṭīn2 a kind of earthworm
‫ خراطيني‬karāṭīnī wormlike, vermiform
‫ خرطيط‬karṭīṭ rhinoceros
‫ خرع‬karu‘a u (kur‘, ‫ خراعة‬kurā‘a) and kari‘a a
(kara‘) to droop, be or become slack,
limp, flabby; to be or become languid,
soft, spineless, yielding VII do. VIII to
invent, devise, contrive (‫ ھـ‬s.th.); to create.
originate (‫ ھـ‬s.th.)
‫ خرع‬kari‘ and ‫ خريع‬karī‘ soft, languid,
yielding, spineless, devoid of energy,
nerveless
‫ خروع‬kirwa‘ castor-oil plant, palma
Christi (Ricinus communis; bot.)
‫ اختراع‬iktirā‘ pl. -āt invention
‫ مخترع‬muktari‘ pl. -ūn inventor
‫ مخترع‬muktara‘ pl. -at invention
‫ خرف‬karifa a (karaf) to dote, be senile and
feeble-minded; to drivel, talk foolishly
‫ خرف‬karaf feeble-mindedness, dotage,
senility; childishness (of an old man)
‫ خرف‬karif and ‫ خرفان‬karfān feeble-
minded, doting; childish; dotard
‫ خريف‬karīf autumn, fall
‫ خريفي‬karīfī autumnal
‫ خروف‬karūf pl. ‫ خراف‬kirāf, ‫ اخرفة‬akrifa,
‫ خرفان‬kirfān young sheep, lamb, yearling;
wether
‫ خرافة‬kurāfa pl. -āt superstition; fable,
fairy tale
‫ خرافي‬kurāfī fabulous, fictitious,
legendary
‫ مخرفة‬makrafa prattle, drivel, twaddle,
bosh
‫ تخريف‬takrīf folly, delusion; foolish
talk, drivel, twaddle, bosh, buncombe
‫ مخرف‬mukarrif childish, foolish; (pl.
-ūn) prattler, chatterbox, windbag;
charlatan
‫ خرفش‬kartaša to shuffle, mix (‫ ھـ‬s.th.)
‫ خرفوشة‬karfūša pl. ‫ خرافيش‬karāfīš2 card
of low value, discard (in card playing)
‫ خرق‬karaqa I u (karq) to tear, rend, tear apart (
‫ ھـ‬s.th.); to make a hole (‫ ھـ‬in); to
perforate, pierce, bore (‫ ھـ‬s.th.); to
penetrate (‫ ھـ‬s.th.), break, pass (‫ ھـ‬through
s.th.); to traverse, cross, transit (‫ ھـ‬s.th., a
country); to violate, impair, infringe (‫ھـ‬
s.th.), encroach (‫ ھـ‬upon); to break (‫ ھـ‬a
vow, and the like), commit a breach of (
‫ ;)ھـ‬to exceed the ordinary, be unusual,
extraordinary, unprecedented, unheard-of
│‫ خرق العادة‬to go beyond what is ordinary
or customary IV to lurk, lie in wait V and
VII to be torn, be rent, be pierced, be
broken VIII to pierce (‫ ھـ‬s.th.); to cut,
break, pass' (‫ ھـ‬through s.th.), penetrate (‫ھـ‬
s.th.); to traverse, cross, transit (‫ ھـ‬s.th.),
travel through s.th. (‫ ;)ھـ‬to exceed (‫ ھـ‬e.g.,
a limit), go beyond s.th. (‫ھـ( │اخترق مسامعه‬
(masāmi‘ahū) to shrill in s.o.’s ears
‫ خرق‬karq tearing, rending, laceration; piercing,
boring, perforation; penetration;
disruption; breakthrough; traversion,
crossing, transit; violation, breach; (pl.
‫ خروق‬kurūq) hole, aperture, opening │‫خرق‬
‫ األمن من العام‬k. al-amn al-‘āmm violation of
public security; ‫ خرق العادة‬offense against
common usage, violation of mores; ‫اتسع‬
‫( الخرق على الراقع‬ittasa‘a) the rent is beyond
repair 235
‫ خرق‬kurq and ‫ خرقة‬kurqa awkwardness,
clumsiness; stupidity │ ‫( خرق في الرأي‬ra’y)
stupidity; folly, madness; ‫من الخرق في الرأي‬
‫ ان‬... it would be very unwise to ...
‫ خرقة‬kirqa pl. ‫ خرق‬kiraq tatter, shred;
rag; scrap (of paper); polishing cloth;
eraser (cloth)
‫ اخرق‬akraq2 f. ‫ خرقاء‬karqā’2, pl. ‫خرق‬
kurq clumsy, awkward; stupid; irregular;
illegal, illicit, unlawful
‫ مخرقة‬makraqa trickery, sleight of hand,
legerdemain, hocus-pocus, swindle
‫ مخارق‬makāriq2 a kind of pastry (tun.)
‫ اختراق‬iktirāq penetration; piercing,
disruption; traversion, crossing, transit
‫ خارق‬kāriq and (‫ للعادة‬or) ‫خارق العادة‬
exceeding the customary, unusual,
extraordinary, unprecedented, unheard-of;
pl. ‫ خوارق‬kawāriq2 preternatural
phenomena. miracles; that which
transcends the conceivable or the rational
│ ‫ خارق الطبيعة‬supernatural; ‫خوارق المصادفات‬
k. al-muṣādafāt miraculous coincidences
‫ مخترق‬muktaraq passage, passageway
‫ خرم‬karama i (karm) and II to pierce (‫ ھـ‬s.th.),
make a hole or holes (‫ ھـ‬in); to perforate (
‫ ھـ‬s.th.) VII to be pierced, be riddled, be
torn; to be deranged, unsettled,
disorganized; to come to an end, run out,
peter out, get lost VIII to destroy,
annihilate (‫ ه‬s.o.); to carry off, carry away
(‫ ه‬s.o., of death); to break (‫ الصفوف‬the
ranks), pass through s.th. (‫)ھـ‬
‫ خرم‬karm pl. ‫ خروم‬kurūm gap, blank
(e.g., in a manuscript, or the like)
‫ خرم‬kurm hole │ ‫ خرم االبرة‬k. al-ibra eye
of the needle
‫ خرامة‬karāma drill, bit, auger, gimlet;
punch, perforator
‫ خرم‬akram2 having a perforated nasal
septum
 ‫ تخريم‬takrīm piercing, boring, drilling;
perforation; punching; lace-making, lace-
work
‫ تخريمة‬takrīma lace, lace-work,
openwork, filigree
‫ انخرام‬inkirām state of unsettlement,
disturbance, disorganization, derangement
│‫( انخرام في التوازن‬tawāzun) disturbance of
equilibrium
‫ مخروم‬makrūm defective, incomplete
(e.g., a manuscript)
‫ مخرم‬mukarram perforated; done in
openwork, in filigree
‫ خرماشة‬kurmāša pl. -āt (ir.) harrow
‫ خرنوب‬kurnūb carob, locust; carob bean, locust
pod, St.-John’s-bread
‫ خرنق‬kirniq pl. ‫ خرانق‬karāniq2 young hare,
leveret
‫ خروع‬kirwa‘ castor-oil plant, palma Christi
(Ricinus communis; bot.)
1
‫ خز‬kazza u to pierce, transfix (‫ ه‬s.o.); to stab (
‫ ه‬s.o., ‫ ب‬with) VIII to pierce, transfix (‫ه‬
s.o., ‫ ب‬with)
2
‫ خز‬pl. ‫ خزوز‬kuzūz silk fabric
1 ‫ خزن‬kazana u (kazn) to store, stock, lay up,
‫ خزر‬kazara uto look askance (‫ ه‬at s.o.), give
s.o. (‫ )ه‬a sidelong glance
2
‫ بحر الخزر‬baḥr al-kazar the Caspian Sea
‫ خيزران‬kaizurān pl. ‫ خيازر‬kayāzir2 cane, reed;
rattan; bamboo
‫ خيزرانة‬kaizurāna cane, stick
‫ خزع‬kaza‘a a (kaz‘) to cut, sever (‫ ھـ‬s.th.)
‫ خزعبل‬kuza‘bal idle talk, bosh
‫ خزعبل‬kuza‘bala pl. -āt idle talk, bosh; joke,
jest, hoax; fib, yarn; cock and bull story
236
‫ خزف‬kazaf pottery, earthenware; porcelain,
china; ceramics
‫ خزفي‬kazafī (made of) porcelain;
porcelaneous, porcelain, china (adj.)
‫ خزاف‬kazzāf dealer in chinaware; potter
‫ خزافة‬kizāfa potter’s trade, pottery
‫ خزق‬kazaqa i to pierce, stab, transfix (‫ ه‬،‫ ھـ‬s.o.,
s.th.); to drive, ram ‫ ھـ في األرض‬s.th. into
the ground); to tear, rend, rip apart (‫ھـ‬
s.th.) II to tear, rend, rip apart (‫ ھـ‬s.th.) V
and VII pass of I and II
‫ خزق‬kazq rip, rent, tear, hole (in a garment)
‫ خازوق‬kāzūq pl. ‫ خوازق‬kawāziq2 post, stake,
pole; dirty trick │‫ ھذا خازوق‬that’s tough
luck!
2
‫ خوزق‬look up alphabetically
‫ خزل‬kazala i (kazl) to cut off, sever (‫ ھـ‬s.th.); to
hinder, prevent, hold back, restrain, keep (
‫ ه‬s.o., ‫ عن‬from) VIII to cut off, cut short,
end abruptly (‫ ھـ‬s.th.); to shorten, abridge,
abbreviate (‫ ھـ‬s.th.); to stand alone (‫ ب‬with
an opinion)
‫ اختزال‬iktizāl abridgment, abbreviation;
shorthand, stenography
‫ مختزل‬muktazil stenographer
‫ خزم‬kazama i (kazm) to string, thread (‫ھـ‬
pearls) │ ‫( خزم انفه‬anfahū) to pierce the
nasal septum (of a camel) and insert the
nose ring for the bridle; to make s.o.
subservient to one’s will
‫ خزام‬kizām, ‫ خزامة‬kizāma pl. ‫خزائم‬
kazā’im2 nose ring
‫ خزامى‬kuzāmā lavender (bot.)
hoard, amass, accumulate; to keep secret,
keep (‫ ھـ‬a secret) II and VIII to store,
stock, lay up, warehouse (‫ ھـ‬s.th.); to store
up, accumulate (‫ ھـ‬s.th.); to dam (‫ ھـ‬s.th.);
to put in safekeeping, keep (‫ ھـ‬s.th.)
‫ خزن‬kazn storing; accumulation,
hoarding, amassing; storage, warehousing
‫ خزنة‬kazna treasure house; safe, coffer,
vault; wardrobe, locker; cupboard
‫ خزانة‬kizāna pl. -āt, ‫ خزائن‬kazā’in2
treasure house; vault, coffer, safe;
treasury, treasury department (of an
official agency), any office for the deposit
and disbursement of funds; locker,
wardrobe, closet; cupboard; library │‫خزانة‬
‫ الدولة‬k. ad-daula and ‫‘( خزانة عامة‬āmma)
public treasury, exchequer; ‫ خزانة الثلج‬k. at-
talj icebox, refrigerator; ‫ خزانة الكتب‬k. al-
kutub bookcase; library; ‫خزانة خصوصية‬
(kuṣūṣīya) private library; ‫خزانة المالبس‬
wardrobe, closet, locker
 ‫ خزينة‬kazīna pl. ‫ خزائن‬kazā’in2 treasure
house; public treasury, exchequer;
treasury, treasury department (of an
official agency), any office for the deposit
and disbursement of funds; cashier’s
office; vault, coffer, safe; cashbox, till (of
a merchant) │ ‫( الخزينة الخاصة‬kāṣṣa)
(formerly) the Royal Privy Purse (Ir.);
‫ خزينة الدولة‬k. ad-daula public treasury,
exchequer; ‫ خزينة نقود راصدة‬،‫خزينة راصدة‬
cash register
‫ خزان‬kuzzān pl. -āt, ‫ خزازين‬kazāzīn2
dam; reservoir; basin, sump, pool; storage
tank (also for oil); - (pl. -ūn)
storehouseman, warehouseman
‫ مخزن‬makzan pl. ‫ مخازن‬makāzin2
storeroom, storehouse; depository; stock-
room, storage room; depot, magazine,
warehouse; store, shop, department store;
‫ المخزن‬al-makzan the Makhzan, the
Moroccan government (formerly:
govemmental finance department; Mor.)
│ ‫ مخزن ادوية‬m. adwiya drugstore; ‫مخزن‬
‫ االصدار‬m. al-iṣdār shipping room (com.);
‫ مخزن العفش‬m. al-‘afš trunk (of an
automobile) 237
‫ مخزني‬makzanī being under government
control or administration. belonging to the
government (Mor.) │‫( امالك مخزنية‬amlāk)
government land (Mor.)
‫ مخازني‬makāzinī pl. -īya native
gendarme (Mor.)
2
‫ مخازن‬makāzin , ‫ مخازن الطريق‬m. aṭ-ṭarīq
the nearest, shortest way, a short cut
‫ مخزنجي‬makzanjī storehouseman,
warehouseman
‫ خزندار‬kazandār, kaznadār treasurer
‫ تخزين‬takzīn storage, storing,
warehousing; storing up, accumulation;
damming
‫ خازن‬kāzin pl. ‫ خزنة‬kazana, ‫ خزان‬kuzzān
treasurer
‫ مخزون‬makzūn stored, stored up,
deposited, warehoused; (pl. -āt) stock,
supply, stock in trade
‫ خزي‬kaziya a (kizy, kazan) to be or become
base, vile, despicable, contemptible; (‫خزاية‬
kazāya) to be ashamed (‫ من‬of); -- kazā i to
disgrace, dishonor, discredit, put to shame
(‫ ه‬s.o.); to shame, abash, embarrass (‫ ه‬s.o.)
IV to humiliate, degrade, dishonor (‫ ه‬s.o.);
to shame, put to shame (‫ ه‬s.o.) X to be
ashamed
‫ خزى‬kizy, kazan shame, disgrace,
ignominy │‫ !يا للخزى‬yā la-l-kazā what a
shame!
‫ خزيان‬kazayān2 f. ‫ خزيا‬kazyā, pl. ‫خزايا‬
kazāya ashamed, shamefaced, abashed;
shameful, disgraceful, scandalous,
infamous, base, mean, vile
‫ مخزاة‬makzāh pl. ‫ مخاز‬makāzin a
shameful thing, a disgrace; reason for
shame; pl. shameful things, disgraceful
acts, infamies
‫ مخزي‬makzīy ashamed, shamefaced,
abashed; embarrassed, confused; ‫المخزي‬
the Devil
‫ مخز‬mukzin disgraceful, shameful,
scandalous, infamous
‫ مخزية‬mukziya pl. -at disgraceful act,
infamy
‫ خس‬kassa (1st pers. perf. kasistu) a (‫ خسة‬kissa,
‫ خساسة‬kasāsa) to be mean, base, vile; to
become less, decrease, diminish,
depreciate, fall in value; -- kassa u to
lessen, reduce, diminish (‫ ھـ‬s.th.) II to
lessen, reduce, diminish (‫ ھـ‬s.th.)
‫ خس‬kass lettuce (Lactuca sativa; bot.)
‫ خس‬kassa (n. un.) head of lettuce
‫ خس‬kissa and ‫ خساسة‬kasāsa meanness,
baseness, vileness
‫ خسيس‬kasīs pl. ‫ اخساء‬akissā’2 mean,
base, low, vile, despicable, contemptible,
miserable
‫ خسيسة‬kasīsa pl. ‫ خسائس‬kasā’is mean
trick, infamy
‫ خسأ‬kasa’a a (kas’) to chase away (‫ ه‬s.o.); --
‫ خسئ‬kasi’a a to be driven away, make off
│‫ خسئت‬kasi’ta beat it! scram! ‫اخسأ اليك‬
iksa’ ilaika do.
‫ اخسأ‬aksa’2 baser, meaner, more
despicable; weaker
‫ خاسئ‬kāsi’ spurned, rejected, outcast;
low, base, vulgar, despicable,
contemptible; disgraceful, shameful,
 scandalous, infamous; futile, vain
(attempt); weak, feeble, languid
‫ خستكة‬kastaka indisposition
‫ مخستك‬mukastak indisposed, unwell,
sickly
‫ خسر‬kasara a (kusr, ‫ خسار‬kasār, ‫ خسارة‬kasāra,
‫ خسران‬kusrān) to incur a loss, suffer
damage; to lose, forfeit (‫ ھـ‬s.th.); to go
astray, lose one’s way, get lost; to perish
II to cause loss or damage (‫ ھـ‬to s.o.); to
do harm (‫ ه‬to s.o.); to destroy, 238 ruin (‫ھـ‬
s.o.); to corrupt, deprave (‫ ه‬s.o.)
IV to cause a loss (‫ ه‬to s.o.); to shorten, cut,
reduce (‫ ھـ‬s.th.) X to grudge (‫ على‬or ‫في‬
s.o., s.th.), envy s.o. (‫ على‬or ‫ )في‬the
possession of (‫)ھـ‬
‫ خسر‬kur loss, damage
‫ خسران‬kusrān loss, damage, forfeiture;
decline, deterioration; depravity,
profligacy
‫ خسارة‬kasāra pl. ‫ خسائر‬kasā’ir2 loss,
damage; pl. losses, casualties (‫ في‬in; mil.)
│ ‫ يا خسارة‬what a pity! too bad!
‫ خسران‬kusrān (eg.) loser; affected by
damage or loss
‫ خاسر‬kāsir lost, hopeless; involving
substantial losses; loser; depraved,
corrupted; profligate, disreputable person,
scoundrel
‫ مخسر‬mukassir causing damage,
harmful, noxious, injurious, detrimental
‫ خسف‬kašafa i (kasf, ‫ خسوف‬kusūf) to sink, sink
down, give way, cave in, disappear, go
down; to be eclipsed (moon); -- i (kasf) to
cause to sink, cause to give way │ ‫خسف ﷲ‬
‫ به األرض‬k. llāh bihī l-arḍa God made him
sink into the ground, God made the
ground swallow him up VII to sink, sink
down, go down
‫ خسف‬kasf baseness, ignominy, disgrace,
shame; inferiority │ ‫ سام خسفا‬sāma kasfan
to humiliate, abase, degrade (.s.o.)
‫ خسوف‬kusūf occultation (astron.); lunar
eclipse
‫ خش‬kašša i u (kašš) to enter (‫ في‬s.th.)
‫ خشاش‬kišāš vermin, insects
‫ خشب‬II to lignify, become woody or woodlike;
to line, face or cue with wood, to panel,
wainscot (٨ ‫ھـ‬.tb.) V to lignify, become
woody or woodlike; to become bard, still,
firm, rigid; to stiffen, freeze (e.g., with
panic)
‫ خشب‬kašab pl. ‫ خشب‬akšāb wood,
lumber, timber │‫ خشب األنبياء‬k. al-anbiyā’
guaiacum wood, lignum vitae
‫ خشبة‬kašaba pl. –āt, ‫ اخشاب‬akšāb piece
of wood; a timber; pale, post; plank, board
│‫ خشب الميت‬al-mayyit coffin; ‫خشبة المسرح‬
al-masraḥ stage (of a theater), ‫على خشبة‬
‫ المسرح‬on the “boards”
‫ خشبي‬kašabī wooden, woody, ligneous,
made of wood; timber-, lumber- (in
compounds)
‫ خشاب‬kaššāb pl. ‫ ة‬lumber merchant
‫ تخشيب‬takšīb paneling, wainscoting
‫ تخشيبة‬takšība pl. -āt, ‫ تخاشيب‬takāšīib2
barrack, wooden shed
‫ تخشب‬takaššub stiffness, rigor, rigidity;
stiffening
‫ متخشب‬mutakaššib frozen, rigid; stiff,
bard, firm
‫ خشت‬kušt pl. ‫ خشوت‬kušūt javelin
1
‫ خشخاش‬kaškāš (coll.; n. un. ‫ )ة‬pl. ‫خشاخيش‬
kašākīš2 poppy
‫ خشخش‬kaškša to clank, clatter, rattle; to rustle
‫ خشخشة‬kaškaša pl. -āt noise; clank,
clatter, rattle; rustle, rustling; crash
‫ )خشخشية )= شخشيخة‬rattle (toy)
‫ خشارة‬kušāra leftover (of a meal); offal, refuse;
a discard, a worthless thing
‫ خشع‬kaša‘a a (‫ خشوع‬kušū‘) to be submissive,
be humble; to humble o.s.; to fade (voice)
│ ‫( خشع ببصره‬baṣarihī) to lower one’s eyes
II to humble, reduce to submission (‫ ه‬s.o.)
V to display humility; to be humble; to be
moved, be touched
‫ خشوع‬kušū‘ submissiveness,
submission, humility
‫ خاشع‬kaši‘ pl. ‫ خشعة‬kaša‘a submissive,
humble 239
‫ خشاف‬kušāf various fruits, stewed and waked
in syrup or rose water, compote
‫ خشكار‬kuškār coarsely ground grain, grits
‫ خشكريشة‬kaškarīša scab, slough, scurf
‫ خشم‬II to intoxicate, make drunk (‫ ه‬s.o.)
‫ خشم‬kašm nose; mouth; vent, outlet
‫ خيشوم‬kaišūm pl. ‫ خياشم‬kayāšim2 nose;
gills; also pl. ‫ خياشيم‬nose
‫ خشن‬kašuna u (‫ )خشونة‬to be rough, coarse,
crude; to be raw, uncut, unpolished II to
roughen, coarsen, make crude (‫ ھـ‬s.th.) III
to be rude, uncivil, boorish (‫ ه‬to s.o.) V to
display rough, rude, or coarse, manners; to
be rough, uneven; to lead as rough life XII
‫ اخشوشن‬ikšaušana to be rough, coarse,
crude; to lead a rough life
‫ خشن‬kašin pl. ‫ خشان‬kišān rough, crude;
coarse (as opposed to ‫ ناعم‬nā‘im); rude,
unpolished, uncouth; tough, harsh (life);
hoarse, raucous (voice) │‫ خشن اللمس‬k. al-
lams coarse to the touch, rough, uneven,
wrinkled; ‫ خشن الخلق‬k. al-kulq uncouth,
boorish; ‫ خشن القشرة‬k. al-qišra thick-
shelled; ‫( الجنس الخشن‬jins) the strong sex
‫ اخشن‬akšan2, f. ‫ خشناء‬kašnā’2, pl. ‫خشن‬
kušn rough, tough, harsh, rude, uncouth
‫ الخشناء‬al-kašnā’ the vulgar, uneducated
people
‫ خشونة‬kušūna roughness, coarseness;
crudeness; rudeness
‫ خشي‬kašiya a (kašy, ‫ خشية‬kašya) to fear, dread (
‫ ه‬s.o., ‫ ھـ‬s.th., ‫ على‬for s.o. or s.th.), be
afraid (‫ ه‬of) II to frighten, scare, terrify,
alarm (‫ ه‬s.o.) V = I; VIII to be
embarrassed; to be ashamed
‫ خشية‬kašya fear, anxiety, apprehension
│‫ خشية من‬kašyatan min for fear of
‫ اخشى‬akšā more timorous, more fearful;
more to be feared. more frightening
‫ خشيان‬kašyān2. f. ‫ خشيا‬kaāyā, pl. ‫خشايا‬
timorous, timid, anxious, apprehensive
‫ خاش‬kāšin timorous, timid, anxious,
apprehensive
‫ خص‬kašša u to distinguish, favor (especially,
before others), single out (‫ ه‬s.o.), bestow
special honors (‫ ه‬upon s.o., in preference
to others); to endow (‫ ب‬s.o. with), confer,
bestow (‫ ب‬upon s.o. s.th.); to apportion,
allot, assign, accord, give, dedicate,
devote (‫ ب ه‬to s.o. s.th., in preference to
others); with ‫ لنفسه‬to take possession (‫ھـ‬
of), demand (‫ ھـ‬s.th.; also ‫خص به نفسه‬
nafsahū); to be specifically associated (‫ه‬
with s.o.), be characteristic (‫ ه‬of s.o.), be
peculiar (‫ ه‬to); to apply in particular (‫ھـ‬
to), be especially valid (‫ ھـ‬for); to concern,
regard (‫ ه‬s.o., ‫ ھـ‬s.th.), have special
relevance (‫ ھـ‬to), bear (‫ ھـ‬on) │‫خصه بعنايته‬
(bi-‘ināyatihī) to devote one’s attention to
s.o., favor s.o. with one’s attention; ‫خصه‬
‫( بالذكر‬bi-d-dikr) to make special mention
of s.o. or s.th.; ‫( واخص منھم‬akuṣṣu) I
mention, among them, especially (with
foll. acc.); ‫ ھذا ال يخصني‬this does not
concern me, this is none of my business II
to specify, particularize, itemize (‫ ھـ‬s.th.);
to specialize (‫ ھـ‬s.th.), narrow, restrict (‫ل ھـ‬
s.th. to); to designate, destine, set aside,
earmark, single out (‫ ل ھـ‬or ‫ ه‬s.o. or s.th.
for a purpose); to devote in particular,
dedicate, assign (‫ ل ھـ‬s.th. to); to allocate,
allot, apportion (‫ ل ھـ‬s.th. to); to
appropriate (‫ ل ھـ‬funds for); to reserve,
held, withhold (‫ ل ھـ‬s.th. for); to tie down (
‫ ب ه‬s.o. to a special field) V to specialize (
‫ ل‬in, also ‫ ب‬or ‫ في‬in a scientific field); to
devote all one’s attention (‫ ل‬to s.th.); to
apply o.s. (‫ ل‬to), go in for s.th. (‫ ;)ل‬to be
peculiar (‫ ب‬to); to be chosen, destined,
earmarked (‫ ل‬for) VIII to distinguish,
favor (‫ ب ه‬s.o. with), confer distinction (‫ب‬
‫ ه‬upon s.o. by); to devote, give, accord,
afford (‫ ب ه‬to s.o. s.th., in preference to
others); to dedicate (‫ ب ه‬to s.o. s.th., e.g.,
one’s services); (with ‫ )لنفسه‬to take
exclusive possession (‫ ھـ‬of), claim,
demand (‫ ھـ‬s.th.), lay special claim (‫ ھـ‬to;
also ‫ اختص به نفسه‬nafsahu); to be
distinguished, be marked (‫ ب‬by); to
possess alone, in distinction from all
others, have above others (‫ ب‬s.th.), have
the advantage over others (‫ ب‬that); to be
peculiar (‫ ب‬to); to concern, regard (‫ب‬
s.th.), bear (‫ ب‬on); to be pertinent, have
relevance (‫ ب‬to), have to do (‫ ب‬with); to
be duly qualified, be competent, have
jurisdiction (‫ ب‬in; e.g., an authority); to
have as a special function or task (‫ ب‬s.th.)
‫ خص‬lettuce (bot.)
 ‫ خص‬kuṣṣ pl. ‫ خصاص‬kiṣāṣ, ‫اخصاص‬
akṣāṣ, ‫ خصوص‬kuṣūṣ, hut, shack, shanty,
hovel
‫ خصة‬kaṣṣa jet of water
‫ خصاص‬kaṣāṣ interstice, interval,
crevice, crack, gap
‫ خصاصة‬kaṣāṣa crevice, crack, interval,
gap
‫ خصيصة‬kaṣīṣa pl. ‫ خصائص‬kaṣā’iṣ2
special characteristic or quality, specialty,
particularity, peculiarity
‫ خصيصا‬kiṣṣīṣan particularly, especially,
specifically
‫ خصوص‬kuṣūṣ specialness; ‫خصوصا‬
kuṣūṣan especially, in particular,
specifically │‫ في خصوص‬،‫ بخصوص‬and ‫من‬
‫( خصوص‬with foll. genit.) as to,
concerning, regarding, with respect to, as
regards; ‫ بھذا الخصوص‬and ‫ من ھذا الخصوص‬in
this connection, in this matter, in this
respect, about this, concerning this; ‫على‬
‫ الخصوص‬and ‫( على وجه الخصوص‬wajhi l-k.)
especially, particularly, in particular,
specifically
‫ خصوصي‬kuṣūṣī; special; private,
personal
‫ خصاصة‬kaṣāṣa poverty, penury,
privation, destitution, want
‫ اخص‬akaṣṣ2 more special, more
specific │‫ على األخص‬especially; ‫في األخص‬
do.
‫ اخصاء‬akiṣṣā’2 intimate friends,
confidante
‫ اخصائي‬ikṣā’ī see 2‫خصى‬
‫ تخصيص‬takṣīṣ specialization;
specification, particularization,
itemization; designation, destination (for a
purpose); allotment, apportionment,
allocation; reservation; (pl. -āt)
appropriation, financial allocation; credit
│‫ على تخصيص‬and ‫على وجه التخصيص‬
specifically
‫ تخصص‬takaṣṣuṣ specialization (esp., in
a scientific field)
‫ اختصاص‬iktiṣāṣ pl. -āt jurisdiction,
competence; special province or domain,
bailiwick (fig.); pl. prerogatives,
privileges, monopolies; concessions
(Intern. Law); ‫ ( ذو )ذات( االختصاص‬duly
qualified, authorized, responsible,
competent; ‫ دائرة االختصاص‬scope of
competence, sphere of authority,
jurisdiction, province, domain, field
‫ اختصاصي‬iktiṣāṣī pl. -ūn specialist
‫ خاص‬kaṣṣ special, particular; specific,
peculiar; relative, relevant, pertinent (‫ب‬
to), concerning (‫ ب‬s.th.); earmarked,
Designated, destined, set aside (‫ ب‬for);
especially valid or true (‫ ب‬for), especially
applicable (‫ ب‬to), characteristic (‫ ب‬of);
distinguished; private; exclusive, not
public │‫ جريدة خاصة ب‬professional journal
for ...; ‫‘( الخاص والعام‬āmm) the special and
the general; high and low, all people;
‫ الطبيب الخاص‬physician in ordinary 241
‫ خاصة‬kāṣṣa pl. ‫ خواص‬kawāṣ2 exclusive
property; private possession; specialty,
particularity, peculiarity, characteristic,
property, attribute; essence, intrinsic
nature; leading personalities, people of
distinction, ‫ الخاصة‬the upper class, the
educated; kāṣṣatan and ‫ بخاصة‬bi-kāṣṣatin
especially, in particular │‫ في خاصة انفسھم‬fī
k. anfusihim at the bottom of their hearts,
deep inside
‫ خاصية‬kāṣṣīya pl. -āt, ‫ خصائص‬kaṣā’iṣ2
specialty, particularity, characteristic,
peculiarity, property, special attribute,
feature, trait, qualification; prerogative,
privilege; jurisdiction, competence
‫ خويصة‬kuwaṣṣa (dimin. of ‫ )خاصة‬one’s
own business, private affair │‫يدخل في‬
‫ خويصة امري‬he meddles in my private
affairs
‫ مخصوص‬makṣūṣ special
‫ مخصص‬mukaṣṣaṣ chosen, set aside,
earmarked, designated, destined (‫ ل‬for);
allotted, apportioned, allocated; -- pl.
‫( مخصصات‬financial) allocations;
appropriations, credits; (daily) allowance;
(food) rations │ ‫( مخصصات اضافية‬iḍāfīya)
extra allowances; ‫ مخصصات الملك‬m. al-
malik civil list
‫ مختص‬muktaṣṣ pertaining, pertinent,
relevant, relative (‫ ب‬to); duly qualified,
authorized, responsible, competent;
special; pl. ‫ مختصات‬muktaṣṣāt
 competences │ ‫المقامات المختصة‬the
competent authorities; ‫الدوائر المختصة‬
competent (or authoritative) quarters
‫ خصب‬kaṣaba i and kaṣiba a (kiṣb) to be fertile
(soil) II to make fertile (‫ ھـ‬s.th.); to
fructify, fertilize (‫ ھـ‬s.th.) IV = I
‫ خصب‬kaṣib fertility; abundance, plenty;
superabundance, profusion
‫ خصب‬kaṣib and ‫ خصيب‬kaṣīb fertile,
productive, fat
‫ خصوبة‬kuṣūba fertility
‫ تخصيب‬takṣīb fructification, fertilization
‫ اخصاب‬ikṣāb fertility
‫ مخصبات‬mukaṣṣibāt fertilizers
‫ مخصب‬mukṣib fertile, productive, fat
‫ خصر‬kaṣira a (kaṣar) to become cold; to suffer
from the cold III to clasp (‫ ه‬s.o.) around
the waist, put one’s arm around s.o.’s (‫)ه‬
waist VIII to shorten, condense, abridge,
epitomize (‫ ھـ‬s.th.); to summarize (‫ ھـ‬s.th.)
‫ خصر‬kaṣr pl. ‫ خصور‬kuṣūr hip, haunch,
waist
‫ مخصرة‬mikṣara pl. ‫ مخاصر‬makāṣir2
stick, baton, wand; mace, scepter
‫ اختصار‬iktiṣār shortening, condensation,
abridgment, summarization, epitomizing
(of a statement); brevity │‫ باالختصار‬and
‫ باختصار‬briefly, in short, in a few words
‫ مختصر‬muktaṣar shortened, condensed,
abridged; brief, short; concise, terse,
succinct; (pl. -āt) short excerpt, brief
exposition, synopsis, outline, summary,
abstract, epitome, compendium
‫ خاصرة‬kāṣira pl. ‫ خواصر‬kawāṣir2 hip,
haunch, waist │ ‫( شوكة في خاصرته‬šauka) a
thorn in his side
‫ خصف‬kaṣafa i (kaṣf) to mend, repair, sew (‫ ھـ‬a
shoe)
‫ خصفة‬kaṣfa pl. ‫ خصاف‬kiṣāf basket
(made of palm leaves)
‫ خصلة‬kuṣla pl. ‫ خصل‬kuṣal, -āt tuft; bunch,
cluster; lock, wisp (of hair)
‫ خصلة‬kaṣla pl. ‫ خصال‬kiṣāl quality,
property, characteristic, peculiarity, trait;
(natural) disposition
‫ خصم‬kaṣama i to defeat (‫ ه‬an opponent) in
argument; to deduct, subtract (‫ ھـ‬s.th., ‫من‬
from): to discount (‫ ھـ‬a bill, a note III to
argue, quarrel, dispute (‫ ه‬with s.o. 242
to bring legal action (‫ ه‬against s.o.), sue (‫ه‬
s.o.), litigate (‫ ه‬with); VI to quarrel, argue,
have a fight; to go to law, carry on a
lawsuit, litigate (‫ مع‬with s.o.) VII to be
deducted, be subtracted VIII to quarrel,
argue, have a fight
‫ خصم‬kaṣm pl. ‫ خصوم‬kuṣūm, ‫اخصام‬
akṣām adversary, antagonist, opponent;
opposing party (in a lawsuit)
‫ خصم‬deduction; subtraction; rebate;
discount; pl. ‫ خصوم‬kuṣūm
liabilities (fin.) │‫ سعر الخصوم‬si‘r al-k.
discount rate, bank rate; ‫ خصم الكمبياالت‬k.
al-kambiyālāt bill discount
‫ خصيم‬kaṣīm pl. ‫ خصماء‬kuṣamā’2, ‫خصمان‬
kuṣmān adversary, antagonist, opponent
‫ خصومة‬kuṣūma quarrel, argument,
dispute, controversy, feud; lawsuit
‫ خصام‬kiṣām quarrel, argument, dispute,
controversy, feud; lawsuit
‫ مخاصم‬mukāṣim adversary, opponent,
opposing party (in a lawsuit); antagonist;
litigant
1
‫ خصى‬kaṣā (‫ خصاء‬kiṣā’) to castrate, emasculate
(‫ ه‬s.o.)
‫ خصى‬kasīy pl. ‫ خصيان‬kiṣyān, ‫ خصية‬kiṣya
a castrate, eunuch
‫ خصية‬kuṣya pl. ‫ خصى‬kuṣan testicle
‫ مخصى‬makṣīy castrated, emasculated
‫( فرس مخصى‬faras) gelding
2
‫ اخصائي‬ikṣā’ī pl. -ūn specialist; expert (of a
specialized field)
‫ خض‬kaḍḍa (kaḍḍ) to jolt, jog (‫ ھـ‬s.th.); to
shake (‫ ھـ‬s.th.); to frighten, scare (‫ ه‬s.o.)
‫ لبن خض‬laban kaḍḍ buttermilk
‫ خضة‬kaḍḍa concussion, shock, jolt;
fright, terror, fear
‫ خضب‬kaḍaba i (kaḍb) to dye, color,
tinge (‫ ھـ‬s.th.); -- kaḍaba i and kaḍiba a (
‫ خضوب‬kuḍūb) to be or become green
(plant) II to color, tinge (‫ ھـ‬s.th.); to dye (
 ‫ ھـ‬s.th) XII ‫ اخضوضب‬ikḍauḍaba to be or
become green (plant)
O ‫ خضب‬kaḍb chlorophyll (biol.)
‫ خضاب‬kiḍāb dye, dyestuff │O ‫خضاب الدم‬
k. ad-dam hemoglobin (biol.)
‫ خضوب‬kuḍūb green, greenness, green
color
‫ خضيب‬kaḍīb dyed
‫ خضخض‬ḳaḍkaḍa (‫ خضخض‬ḳaḍkaḍa) to set in
motion, upset, rock, shake (‫ ھـ‬s.th.)
‫ خضخض‬kaḍkaḍa concussion, shock,
jolt
‫ خضد‬kaḍada i (kaḍd) to cut off, break off (‫ھـ‬
thorns) │ ‫( خضد شوكته‬šaukatahū) to tame
s.o., hold s.o. in check, curb s.o.’s power
‫ خضر‬kaḍira a (kaḍar) to be green II to make
green, dye or color green (‫ ھـ‬s.th.) │ ‫خضر‬
‫( األرض‬arḍ) to sow the land, till the earth
IX to be or become green XII ‫اخضوضر‬
ikḍauḍara = IX
‫ خضر‬kaḍir green, verdant; verdure,
greenery; young green crop (of grain)
‫ الخضر‬al-kaḍir, al-kiḍir a well-known
legendary figure
‫ خضرة‬kuḍra green, greenness, green
color; - (pl. ‫ خضر‬kuḍar) vegetation,
verdure, greenery, greens; meadow; ‫خضر‬
vegetables
‫ خضري‬kuḍarī greengrocer
‫ خضار‬kaḍār green, greenness, green
color; greens, herbs, potherbs
‫ خضير‬kadīr green
‫ خضارة‬kaḍāra greens, herbs, potherbs
‫ خضار‬kaḍḍār greengrocer
‫ اخضر‬akḍar f. ‫ خضراء‬kaḍrā’ pl. ‫خضر‬
kuḍr green │‫( اتى على االخضر واليابس‬atā) to
destroy everything, wreak havoc
‫ الخضراء‬al-kaḍrā’ “the Verdant”
(epithet of Tunis); the sky 243
‫ خضراوات‬kaḍrāwāt vegetables; greens,
herbs, potherbs
‫ الخضيراء‬al-kuḍairā’ Paradise
O ‫ يخضور‬yakḍūr chlorophyll (biol.)
‫ مخضرة‬makḍara meadow, lawn, turf,
sod, greens, verdant land
‫ مخضرات‬mukaḍḍarāt vegetables
‫ خضرم‬kiḍrim pl. ‫ خضارم‬kaḍārim2 abundant,
copious; well-watered, abounding in
water; openhanded, generous, liberal,
munificent
‫ مخضرم‬mukaḍram designation of such
contemporaries of Mohammed, esp. of
poets, whose life span bridges the time of
paganism and that of Islam; an old man
who has lived through several generations
or historical epochs
‫ خضع‬kaḍa‘a a (‫ خضوع‬kuḍū‘) to bow, defer,
submit, yield, surrender (‫ ل‬to s.o., to s.th.),
humble o.s. (‫ ل‬before), obey, follow (‫ل‬
s.o. or s.th.); to be subject (‫ ل‬and ‫ الى‬to a
law, to a power, etc.), be under s.o.’s (‫ ل‬or
‫ )الى‬control II and IV to humble,
subjugate, subdue, make tractable (‫ ه‬s.o.);
to submit, subject, expose (‫ ل ه‬or ‫ ھـ‬s.th. or
s.o. to s.th.)
‫ خضوع‬kuḍū‘ submission, obedience,
humility, subjection
‫ خضوع‬kaḍū‘ pl. ‫ خضع‬kuḍu‘ submissive,
humble
‫ اخضاع‬ikḍā‘ subjugation, subdual;
subjection
‫ خاضع‬kāḍi‘ pl. ‫ خضع‬kuḍa‘, ‫خضعان‬
kuḍ‘ān, kiḍ‘ān submissive, humble;
obedient, pliant, tractable; subject, liable,
prone (‫ ل‬to s.th.)
‫ خضل‬kaḍila a to be or become moist II and IV
to moisten, wet (‫ ھـ‬s.th.) IX = I
‫ خضل‬kaḍil moist, wet; juicy, succulent;
refreshing, gay, lighthearted
‫ خضم‬kaḍama i (kaḍm) to munch (‫ ھـ‬s.th., with
a full mouth), bite (‫ ھـ‬into s.th.)
‫ خضم‬kiḍamm vast (said of the sea); sea,
ocean
‫ خط‬kaṭṭa u (kaṭṭ) to draw or trace a line (‫على‬
on); to draw, trace, sketch, design (‫ھـ‬
s.th.); to write, pen (‫ ھـ‬s.th.); to carve,
engrave, inscribe (‫ ھـ‬s.th.); to outline,
mark, trace out, prescribe (‫ ھـ ل‬for s.o.
s.th.) │ ‫( )خط خطا )سطرا‬kaṭṭan, satran) to
draw a line; ‫( خطه الشيب‬šaibu) his hair
turned gray II to draw lines; to rule (‫ھـ‬
s.th.); to furrow, ridge (‫ ھـ‬s.th.); to mark
with lines or stripes, stripe, streak (‫ھـ‬
s.th.); to pencil (‫ ھـ‬the eyebrows); to mark,
designate, earmark, indicate (‫ ھـ‬s.th.); to
demarcate, delimit, delineate, stake out,
survey (‫ ھـ‬land, real estate); to layout, map
out (‫ ھـ‬roads) VIII to trace out, mark,
outline, prescribe (‫ ھـ‬a way); to mark,
demarcate, delimit, stake out, delineate (‫ھـ‬
s.th.); to map out, plan, project (‫ ھـ‬e.g., the
construction of a city); to make, design,
devise (‫ ھـ‬a plan); to plan (‫ ھـ‬s.th.), make
plans (‫ ھـ‬for)
‫ خط‬kaṭṭ pl. ‫ خطوط‬kuṭūṭ line; stroke;
stripe, streak; (railroad) line, line of
communication; telephone line; frontline
(mil.); furrow, ridge; handwriting; writing,
script; calligraphy, penmanship │O ‫خط‬
‫( ارضي‬arḍī) ground wire (radio); O ‫الخط‬
‫( االسفيني‬isfīnī) cuneiform writing; ‫الخطوط‬
‫( األمانية‬amāmīya) the foremost lines, battle
lines (mil.); ‫( خط بارز‬bāriz) relievo script;
‫ خط تلفوني‬telephone line; ‫خطوط جوية‬
(jawwīya) airlines; ‫( خط حديدي‬ḥadīdī) and
‫ خط سكة الحديد‬k. sikkat al-ḥadīd railroad
line, railroad track; ‫ خط الزوال‬k. az-zawāl
meridian (astron.; = ‫ خط نصف النھار‬k. niṣf
an-nahār); O ‫( الخط المسماري‬mismārī)
cuneiform writing; ‫ خط االستواء‬k. al-istiwā’
equator; ‫ خط الطول‬k. aṭ-ṭūl or ‫( خط طولي‬ṭūlī)
circle of longitude, meridian (geogr.); ‫خط‬
‫ العرض‬k. al-‘arḍ or ‫‘( خط عرضي‬arḍī)
parallel (of latitude) (geogr.); ‫خط تقسيم المياه‬
k. taqsīm al-miyāh divide, watershed; ‫خط‬
‫ القوة الكھربائية‬k. al-qūwa al-kahrabā’īya
power lines; ‫ خط الھاجرة‬meridian (grogr.);
‫ خرج عن الخط‬to derail, run off the rails
(train); ‫( على خط مستقيم‬mustaqīm)
straightaway, in a straight line; outright,
out and out; ‫( على طول الخط‬ṭūl al-k.) all
along the line
‫ خط‬kuṭṭ section, district, quarter (of a
city)
‫ خطي‬kaṭṭī handwritten; linear; spear
‫ خطة‬kuṭṭa matter, affair; condition,
state; office, function, position
‫ خطء‬kiṭ’ slip, lapse, fault, offense, sin
‫ خطة‬kiṭṭa, kuṭṭa pl. ‫ خطط‬kiṭaṭ, kuṭaṭ a
place of land acquired for the purpose of
building a house; a place of real estate,
lot; district; map or plan of a place of real
estate, layout; plan, project, design,
intention; line of action, course, policy,
rule, precept, guiding principle │‫خط العمل‬
k. al-‘amal operation plan, work plan; ‫طبقا‬
‫( لخطة مرسومة‬ṭibqan) according to
schedule, as scheduled or planned
‫ خطاط‬kaṭṭāṭ pl. -ūn penman,
calligrapher; -- tracing lines, leaving
straight trace │‫( فشك خطاط‬fašak) or ‫قذيفة‬
‫ خطاطة‬tracer bullet, tracer (mil.)
‫ تخطيط‬takṭīṭ ruling, drawing of, or
marking with, lines; lineation;
designation, marking, earmarking;
surveying, survey (of land); planning;
projecting, mapping out, laying out (of
cities, of roads); plan, design
‫( رسم تخطيطي‬rasm) rough draft, first
sketch, design
‫ مخطوط‬makṭūṭ handwritten; manuscript
‫ مخطوط‬makṭūṭa pl. -āt manuscript
‫ مخطط‬mukaṭṭaṭ striped, streaked, ruled;
furrowed; designated, marked, earmarked;
planned, guided, controlled; (pl. -āt)
sketch, design, plan, layout; map (of a
city)
‫ خطئ‬kaṭI’a a (‫ خطأ‬kaṭa’) to be mistaken; to
commit an error, make a mistake; to sin II
to charge with an offense, incriminate,
declare guilty (‫ ه‬s.o.); to accuse (‫ ه‬s.o.) of
an error or mistake; to fine (‫ ه‬s.o.; tun.) IV
to be mistaken, to err, commit an error, be
at fault (‫ في‬in); to be wrong (‫ في‬about, in);
to make a mistake (‫ في‬in, with); to miss (‫ه‬
s.o., e.g., a shot; ‫ ھـ‬the target); to escape (‫ه‬
s.o. or s.o.’s notice; a fact) │ ‫أخطأ‬
‫(فأله‬fa’luhū) (his omen was wrong, i.e.) his
expectations do not come true, are not
fultilled; that’s where he is wrong, that’s
where he made a mistake! ‫أخطأه الشيء‬
(šai’u) (lit.: the thing escaped him, missed
him, i.e.) he lacked it; ‫ أخطأه التوفيق‬he
failed, was unsuccessful; ‫أخطأ في استنتاجاته‬
he drew the wrong conclusions; ‫أخطأ بين‬
‫ الشيئين‬he confused the two things, he
mistook one thing for the other
‫ خطأ‬kaṭa’ and ‫ خطاء‬kaṭā’ error; mistake,
incorrectness; offense, fault; kaṭa’an
erroneously, by mistake │ ‫ من الخطأ ان‬...it
is (would be) wrong to …; ‫اصالح الخطأ‬
 iṣlāḥ al-k. corrigenda, errata, list of
corrections; ‫ قتل الخطأ‬qatl al-k. accidental
homicide (jur.)
‫ خطيئة‬kaṭī’a pl. -āt, ‫ خطايا‬kaṭāyā
mistake, blunder; slip, lapse; fault,
offense; crime, sin; fine (tun.)
‫ خاطئ‬kāṭi’ wrong, incorrect, erroneous;
mistaken, at fault; (pl. ‫ خطاة‬kuṭāh, actually,
pl. of colloq. kāṭī), f. ‫ خاطئة‬kāṭi’a pl. ‫خواطئ‬
kawāṭ’2 sinner
‫ مخطئ‬mukṭi’ mistaken, at fault, wrong;
incorrect, wrong, erroneous
‫ خطب‬kaṭaba u (‫ خطبة‬kuṭba, ‫ خطابة‬kaṭāba) to
deliver a public address, make a speech; to
preach, deliver a sermon (‫ في الناس‬and ‫الناس‬
an-nāsa to the people); -- (kaṭb, 245 ‫خطبة‬
kiṭba) to propose (‫ ھا‬to a girl; said of the
man), ask for a girl’s hand (‫ )ھا‬in marriage
(‫ ل‬on behalf of s.o.; said of the
matchmaker); to give in marriage, betroth,
affiance, engage (‫ على‬or ‫ بنته ل‬one’s
daughter to s.o.) │‫( خطب ودھا‬wuddahā)
and ‫( خطب مودتھا‬mawaddatahā) he courted
her love III to address (‫ ه‬s.o.), speak, talk,
direct one's words (‫ ه‬to s.o.), turn (‫ ه‬to s.o.,
orally or in writing) │‫ خاطبه بالتليفون‬to
telephone s.o., call s.o. up; ‫( خاطبه بالكاف‬bi-
l-kāf) to address s.o. on an intimate first-
name basis VI to talk to one another; to
converse, confer, have a talk, carry on a
conversation; to write each other,
correspond, carry on a correspondence
VIII to seek a girl’s (‫ )ھا‬hand in marriage,
ask for a girl’s hand
‫ خطب‬kaṭb pl. ‫ خطب‬kuṭb matter, affair,
concern, business; situation, conditions,
circumstances; misadventure, mishap │ ‫ما‬
‫خطبك‬what do you want? what’s the
trouble? what’s the matter with you? ‫ما‬
‫ خطبه في‬what concern of his is ...? what has
he to do with ...? ‫ ما خطب ذلك‬what’s it all
about?
‫ خطبة‬kiṭba courtehip; betrothal,
engagement
‫ خطبة‬kuṭba pl. ‫ خطب‬kuṭab public
address; speech; lecture, discourse;
oration; sermon, specif., Muslim Friday
sermon, khutbah │ ‫خطبة االفتتاح‬opening
address
‫ خطاب‬kiṭāb pl. -āt, ‫ اخطبة‬akṭiba public
address, speech; oration; letter, note,
message │ ‫ خطاب ترحيب‬welcoming
address; ‫ خطاب العرش‬k. al-‘arš speech from
the throne; ‫( خطاب مستعجل‬musta‘jil)
express letter, special-delivery letter; ‫خطاب‬
‫ تقدمة‬taqdima letter of introduction; O
‫( خطابات ذات القيمة المقررة‬dāt al-qīma al-
muqarrara) (= lettres avec valeur
declarée) registered, insured letters (eg.);
‫ فصل الخطاب‬faṣl al-k. (in letters:)
conclusion of the formal greetings by the
words ‫ اما بعد‬amma ba‘du; conclusion,
termination, end; decision; unmistakable
judgment; ‫ بيني وبينك فصل الخطاب‬we’re
through with one another once and for all
‫ خطابي‬kiṭābī oratorical, rhetorical,
speech-, lecturing (in compounds)
‫ خطيب‬kaṭīb pl. ‫ خطباء‬kuṭabā’ (public)
speaker; orator; lecturer; preacher, khatib;
suitor (for the hand of a girl); fiancé
‫ خطيبة‬kaṭība fiancée
‫ خطابة‬kaṭāba preaching, sermonizing,
oratory
‫ خطابة‬kiṭāba rhetoric, oratory; speech,
lecture, discourse
‫ خطوبة‬kūṭūba courtship; betrothal,
engagement
‫ مخاطبة‬mukāṭaba pl. -āt address; public
address, speech; proclamation;
conversation, talk; conference, parley │
‫ مخاطبة تليفونية‬telephone conversation,
telephone call
‫ تختطب‬takāṭub conversation; talk,
discussion; (inter)communication (also,
e.g., telephonic, by radio, etc.) │‫لغة التخطاب‬
lugat it-takāṭub colloquial language
‫ خاطب‬kāṭib pl. ‫ خطباء‬kuṭabā’2, ‫خطا‬kuṭṭāb
suitor; matchmaker
‫ خاطبة‬kāṭiba pl. ‫ خطاب‬kuṭṭāb woman
matchmaker
‫ مخطوبة‬makṭūba fiancée
‫ مخاطب‬mukāṭab addressed, spoken to;
(gram.) second person
‫ اخطبوط‬look up alphabetically
‫ خطر‬kaṭara i (‫ خطران‬kaṭarān) to swing, wave,
brandish (‫ ب‬s.th.); to shake, tremble,
vibrate; to walk with a (proud) swinging
gait; to strut, parade haughtily; -- i u (‫خطور‬
kuṭūr) to occur (‫ ل‬to s.o.), come 246 to
s.o.’s (‫ )ل‬mind │ ‫( خطر على باله‬bālihī) the
matter came to his mind, occurred to him,
he recalled the matter (also ‫ في باله‬and ‫بباله‬
or. ‫ على باله(؛ خطر له خاطر‬he had an idea; ‫امر‬
‫( لم يخطر ببال‬lam yakṭur bi-bālin) an
unexpected matter, s.th. one wouldn’t
dram of; -- kaṭura u (‫ خطورة‬kuṭūra) to be
weighty; to be important, significant; to be
grave, serious, momentous, dangerous,
perilous, risky, hazardous III to risk,
hazard, stake (‫ ب‬s.th. ‫ بنفسه‬one’s life); to
incur the danger, run the risk (‫ ب‬of), risk (
‫ ب‬s.th.); to bet, wager (‫ ه‬s.o., ‫ على‬a stake)
IV to notify, inform (‫ ه‬s.o.), let (‫ ه‬s.o.)
know (‫ ب‬about s.th.); to warn, caution (‫ه‬
s.o.) V to walk with a lofty, proud gait; to
stride, strut (with a swinging gait); to
pendulate, oscillate, vibrate VI to make a
bet (‫ على‬against stake)
‫ خطر‬kaṭar weightiness,
momentousness; importance,
consequence, significance; seriousness,
gravity; -- (pl. -āt, ‫ اخطار‬akṭār) danger,
peril, menace (‫ على‬to); riskiness,
dangerousness; risk; hazard; (pl. ‫خطار‬
kiṭār) stake, bet, wager │‫ جليل الخطر‬of very
great importance, momentous; ‫ذو خطر‬
dangerous, perilous; ‫معرض للخطر‬
(mu‘arraḍ) endangered, jeopardized; ‫اشارة‬
‫ الخطر‬išārat al-k. alarm signal
‫ خطر‬kaṭir dangerous, perilous, risky,
hazardous; serious, grave, weighty, ‫ خطرف‬kaṭrafa (eg.) to be delirious,. to rave, to
important, significant
‫ خطر‬kaṭara pl. kaṭarāt pompous walk,
strut; swinging gait; idea, thought, notion ‫ خطف‬kaṭifa a, kaṭafa i (kaṭf) to snatch, wrench
‫ خطار‬kaṭṭār pendulum (phys.)
‫ خطير‬kaṭīr pl. ‫ خطر‬kuṭr weighty,
momentous; important, significant; grave,
serious │‫ خطير الشأن‬of great importance
‫ خطورة‬kuṭūra weight(iness),
importance, moment(ousness);
consequence, significance; gravity,
seriousness
‫ خطران‬kaṭarān swinging, oscillation,
vibration
‫ اخطر‬akṭar2 more dangerous, riskier;
weightier, of greater consequence; more
serious, graver
‫ مخطرة‬look up alphabetically
‫ مخاطر‬makāṭir2 dangers, perils
‫ مخاطرة‬mukāṭara pl. -āt venture, risk,
hazard
‫ اخطار‬ikṭār notification, information;
warning
‫ خاطر‬kāṭir pl. ‫ خواطر‬kawāṭir2 ideas,
thought, notion; mind; desire, inclination,
liking │‫( ألجل خاطرك‬li-ajl) for your sake;
‫ من كل خاطر‬min'n kulli kāṭirin with all
one’s heart, most gladly; ‫‘ عن طيبة خاطر‬an
ṭībati kāṭirin gladly, with pleasure; of
one’s own free will, voluntarily; ‫على‬
‫ خاطرك‬as you like; ‫ اخذ بخاطره‬to afford
satisfaction to s.o., to comfort, reassure
s.o.; ‫ اخذ على خاطر من‬to feel offended by, to
take offense at; ‫ صدع خاطره‬ṣadda‘a
kāṭirahū to trouble, bother s.o.; ‫طمن‬
‫( الخواطر‬ṭammana) to calm the excitement;
‫( مر بخاطره ان‬marra) the thought crossed
his mind that ...; ‫( اكراما لخاطرك‬ikrāman)
for your sake, to please you; ‫سرعة الخاطر‬
sur‘at al-k. presence of mind; ‫سريع الخاطر‬
quick-witted
‫ مخاطر‬mukāṭir one who risks s.th., who
takes a chance; daring, bold, venturesome
‫ مخطر‬mukṭir dangerous, perilous, risky,
hazardous
talk irrationally
‫ خطرفة‬kaṭrafa delirium, raving
or wrest away, seize, grab (‫ ھـ‬s.th.); to
make off (‫ ھـ‬with s.th.); to abduct, kidnap
(‫ ه‬s.o.); to dazzle (٢٤٧ ‫ البصر‬al-baṣara the
eyes) V to carry away, sweep away (. s.o.)
VI to snatch or seize (‫ ھـ‬s.th.) from one
another VII to be snatched away, be
wrested away; to be carried away, be
swept away VIII to grab, seize, take
forcibly (‫ ھـ‬s.th.); to snatch, wrest, wrench
(‫ من ھـ‬s.th. from s.o.); to abduct, kidnap (‫ه‬
s.o.); to run away, elope (‫ ھا‬with a
woman); to make off (‫ ھـ‬with s.th.); to
dazzle (‫ البصر‬al-baṣara the eyes)
 ‫ خطف‬kaṭf grabbing, forcible seizure,
rape; abduction, kidnapping; ‫ خطفا‬kaṭfan
rapidly, quickly
‫ خطفة‬kaṭfa pl. kaṭafāt (n. vic.) a
snatching away, a grab; sudden stirring,
flash │‫( في خطفة البرق‬barq) instantly, in a
trice, like a streak of lightning; ‫خطفة من‬
‫ خطفات الشعور‬an impulse, a sudden emotion
‫ خطاف‬kaṭṭāf rapacious; robber
‫ خطاف‬kuṭṭāf pl. ‫ خطاطيف‬kaṭāṭīf2 (iron)
hook; fishhook; (coll.; n. un. ‫ )ة‬swift, a
variety of swallow
‫ خطيف‬kaṭīf pl. ‫ خطاطيف‬kaṭāṭīf2 iron hook
‫ اختطاف‬iktiṯāf grabbing, forcible seizure,
rape; abduction, kidnapping
‫ خاطف‬kāṭif pl. ‫ خواطف‬kawāṭif2 ravenous;
rapacious; rapid, prompt; quick, sudden;
lightninglike; fleeting; short, brief │‫ذئاب‬
‫ خاطفة‬ravenous wolves; ‫( صورة خاطفة‬ṣūra)
snapshot; ‫( حرب خاطفة‬ḥarb) Blitzkrieg
‫ خطل‬kaṭila a (kaṭal) to talk nonsense IV do. V
to strut, walk with a pompous gait; to
walk with a proud, swinging gait
‫ خطل‬kaṭal idle talk, prattle
‫ خطل‬kaṭil garrulous, chattering, given to
silly talk; stupid, foolish
‫ خطم‬kaṭm nose, snout, muzzle (of an animal);
front part (nose and mouth); foremost or
first part; important matter │‫اطل مخطمة‬
(aṭalla) approx.: to manifest its force, set
in (e.g., of a disaster)
‫ خطمي‬kiṭmī, kaṭmī (coll.; n. un. ‫ )ة‬marsh
mallow (Althaea officinalis; bot.)
‫ خطام‬kiṭām pl. kuṭum noseband, halter (of a
camel)
‫ )خطا )خطو‬kaṭā u (kaṭw) to step, pace, walk; to
proceed, advance, progress │‫خطا خطوات‬
‫( واسعة‬kaṭawātin) to take large strides, also
fig. = to make extraordinary progress II
and V to overstep, transgress (‫ ھـ‬s.th.), to
cross (‫ ھـ‬s.th.), go or walk through s.th. (
‫ ;)ھـ‬to ford (‫ ھـ‬a river); to leave its banks,
overflow (river); to cross, traverse (‫البحار‬
the seas); to omit, disregard, ignore, pass
by (‫ ه‬so.); to go beyond s.th. (‫ ;)ھـ‬to extend
(‫ الى‬to); to exceed, transcend (‫ ھـ‬s.th.); to
excel, surpass, outstrip, outdo (‫ ه‬s.o.); to
proceed, pass (‫ ھـ‬through s.th., ‫ الى‬to),
leave s.th. (‫ )ھـ‬behind and turn to s.th. else
(‫ ;)الى‬to disregard (‫ ه‬،‫ ھـ‬s.o., s.th.) in order
to turn one’s attention to (‫الى( │تخطى به الى‬
‫( االمام‬ilā l-amāmi) to promote, advance
s.th. VII to step, pace, walk; to proceed,
advance, progress
‫ خطوة‬kaṭwa pl. kaṭawāt and kuṭwa pl.
kuṭwāt, kuṭuwāt, ‫ خطى‬kuṭan step, pace,
stride │‫( سار في خطاه‬kuṭāhū) to walk, or
follow, in s.o.’s footsteps; ‫تقدم خطوة فخطوة‬
taqaddama kutwatan fa-kutwatan to
proceed or advance step by step; ‫اتخذ خطوة‬
‫( حاسمة‬ittakada) to take a decisive step;
‫ خطوتان وقفزة‬kaṭwatan wa qafza hop, skip
and jump (athlet.)
‫ خطية‬kaṭīya (= ‫ )خطيئة‬slip, lapse,
transgression, fault, offense, sin
‫ خطاة‬kuṭāh pl. of ‫ خاطئ‬kāṭi’ sinner
‫ خف‬kaffa i to be light (of weight); to be slight,
insignificant; to become lighter, decrease
in weight, lose weight; to decrease in
intensity, grow lighter (color); to be
nimble, agile, quick; to hasten, hurry, rush
(‫ الى‬to) II to make lighter (‫ ھـ‬s.th.), reduce
the weight of (‫ ;)ھـ‬to ease, lighten, relieve,
soften (‫ ھـ عن‬for s.o. s.th. difficult or
oppressive, also ‫ ھـ على؛ من‬s.th., e.g., s.o.’s
situation); to lessen, decrease, reduce,
diminish (‫ ھـ‬or ‫ من‬s.th.); to mitigate,
alleviate, moderate, temper (‫ ه‬or ‫ من‬s.th.);
to thin, dilute (‫ ھـ‬e.g., a liquid); (gram.) to
pronounce (‫ ھـ‬a consonant) without tašdīd
│‫ خفف عنك‬kaffif ‘anka! cheer up! be of
good cheer! ‫ خفف من سرعتك‬kaffif min
su‘atika! slow down! ‫ خفف اآلالم عنه‬to
soothe s.o.’s pains V to dress lightly; to
disburden, relieve o.s. (of a burden); to rid
o.s., free o.s. (‫ من‬of s.th.); to hurry away (
‫ من‬from), leave (‫ من‬s.th.) in a hurry X to
deem (‫ ھـ‬s.th.) light; to value lightly,
disdain, scorn, despise (‫ ب‬s.o. or s.th.),
look down (‫ ب‬upon), think nothing (‫ ب‬of),
make light (‫ ب‬of), set little store (‫ ب‬by);
not to take seriously (‫ ب‬s.th.), attach no
importance (‫ ب‬to); to carry away,
transport (‫ ه‬s.o., e.g., joy)
‫ خف‬kuff pl. ‫ خفاف‬kifāf, ‫ اخفاف‬akfāf shoe,
slipper; -- (pl. ‫ اخفاف‬akfāf) camel hoof;
foot (of the ostrich); sole (of the foot) │
‫ رجع بخفي حنين‬raja‘a bi-kaffai ḥunain to
return with empty hands, without having
 achieved one’s mission; to accomplish
nothing, fail, be unsuccessful
‫`خفة‬kiffa lightless (of weight);
slightness, insignificance, triviality;
sprightliness, buoyancy; agility,
nimbleness; inconstancy, fickleness,
flightiness, levity, frivolity │ ‫ خفة الحركة‬k.
al-ḥaraka, ‫ خفة في الحركة‬nimbleness,
agility, quickness; ‫ خفة الدم‬k. ad-dam
amiability, charm; ‫ خف الروح‬k. ar-rūḥ do.;
‫ خفة اليد‬k. al-yad manual skill, dexterity,
deftness
‫ اخف‬akaff2 lighter; lesser, slighter;
weaker │ ‫ اخف الضررين‬a. ad-ḍararain the
lesser of two evils
‫ خفاف‬kafāf, ‫ حجر الخفاف‬ḥajar al-k.
pumice, pumice stone
‫ خفان‬kuffān pumice, pumice stone
‫ خفيف‬kafīf pl. ‫ خفاف‬kifāf, ‫ اخفاف‬akfāf,
‫ اخفاء‬akiffā’2 light (of weight); slight, little,
trivial, insignificant; thin, scanty, sparse;
nimble, agile, sprightly, lively; -- ‫الخفيف‬
name of a poetic meter │‫ خفيف الحركة‬k. al-
ḥaraka easily movable, very mobile;
nimble, agile; ‫ خف الدم‬k. ad-dam amiable,
charming; ‫ خفيف الروح‬k. ar-rūḥ likable,
charming, winning, amiable; gay, in high
spirits, cheerful; ‫ خفيف الظل‬k. az-zill
likable, nice (person); ‫ خفيف العارضين‬k.
al-‘āriḍīn having a thin beard; ‫ خفيف العقل‬k.
al-‘aql feeble-minded, dimwitted; ‫خفيف اليد‬
k. al-yad nimble-fingered, deft; ‫شاي خفيف‬
weak tea
‫ تخفيف‬takfīf lightening, easing;
lessening, decrease, diminution;
reduction; allaying, mitigation, alleviation,
palliation, moderation; commutation
(jur.); relief; thinning. dilution (e.g., of a
liquid) │‫ ظروف التخفيف‬extenuating
circumstances (jur.)
‫ استخفاف‬istikfāf disdain, scorn,
contempt; levity, frivolity
‫ ظروف مخففة‬ẓurūf mukaffafa extenuating
circumstances (jur.)
‫ مخفف‬mukaffaf thin, diluted
‫ خفت‬kafata u (‫ خفوت‬kufūt) to become inaudible,
die down, die away (sound, voice); to
become silent, become still III ،‫خافت بكالمه‬
‫( بصوته‬bi-kalāmihī, bi-ṣautihī) to lower
one’s voice IV to silence, reduce to
silence (‫ ه‬s.o.) VIII = I
‫ خفوت‬kufūt fading (radio)
‫ خفت‬kāfit dying away, dying down,
becoming silent; inaudible; faint, dying,
fading, trailing off (sound, voice); soft,
subdued (light, color)
‫ مختفت‬muktafit soft, low, subdued 249
‫ خفر‬kafara u (kafr, ‫ خفارة‬kifāra) to watch (‫ ه‬،‫ھـ‬
s.o., s.th. or over s.o., over s.th.), guard,
protect (‫ ه‬s.o., ‫ ھـ‬s.th.); -- kafira a (kafar,
‫ خفارة‬kafāra) to be timid, shy, bashful II =
I kafara V = I kafira
‫ خفر‬kafr watching, watch, guard(ing)
‫ خفر‬kafar guard detachment, guard;
escort │ ‫ خفر السواحل‬coast guard (Eg.)
‫ خفر‬kafar timidity, shyness,
bashfulness, diffidence
‫ خفر‬kafir bashful, diffident, timid, shy,
embarrassed, coy
‫ خفير‬kafīr pl. ‫ خفراء‬kufarā’2 watchman;
protector, guardian; guard, sentry, sentinel
‫ خفارة‬kafāra watch(ing), guard(ing),
protection; guard duty
‫ مخفر‬makfar pl. ‫ مخافر‬maḳāfir 2
guardhouse, guardroom; guard, control
post │ ‫ مخفر الشرطة‬m. aš-šurṭa police
station
‫ خافرة‬kāfira: ‫ خافرة السواحل‬k. as-sawāḥil
coastguard cruiser (Eg.)
‫ مخفور‬makfūr under escort, escorted;
covered, sheltered, protected
‫ خفس‬kafasa u (kafs) to ridicule, scorn (‫ ه‬s.o.),
laugh, mock (‫ ه‬at); to destroy, demolish,
tear down (‫ ه‬a house)
‫ خفش‬kafaš day blindness, hemeralopia
‫ اخفش‬akfaš2, f. ‫ خفشاء‬kafšā’2, pl. ‫ خفش‬kufš day
blind, hemeralopic; weak-sighted,
afflicted with defective vision
‫ خفاش‬kuffāš pl. ‫ خفافش‬kafāfiš2 bat (zool.)
‫ خفض‬kafada i (kafḍ) to make lower (‫ ھـ‬s.th.);
to lower, decrease, reduce, lessen,
diminish (‫ ھـ‬s.th.); to lower, drop (‫ من‬،‫ھـ‬
s.th., also, e.g., the voice); (gram.) to
pronounce the final consonant of a word
 with i; to put (‫ ھـ‬a word) in the genitive │
‫( خفض جناحه‬janāḥahū)to unbend toward
s.o., show o.s. open-minded, responsive,
accessible to; -- kafuḍa u to be carefree,
easy, comfortable (life); to sink, dip, drop,
settle, subside; to become low, drop to an
undertone (voice) II to lower, decrease,
reduce (‫ ھـ‬s.th., price) │‫ خفض عليك‬kaffiḍ
‘alaika! take it easy! ‫خفض عليك جأشك‬
(ja’šaka) cool off! calm down! relax! IV
‫( اخفض صوته‬ṣautahū) he lowered his voice
V and VII to sink, dip, drop, settle,
subside; to be lowered, be reduced (price);
to decrease, grow less; to be diminished
‫ خفض‬kafḍ lowering, lessening,
decrease, diminution, reduction; subduing,
lowering, muffling (of the voice);
curtailment, limitation, restriction; ease
(of life); (gram.) pronunciation of the final
consonant with i │‫ خفض القيمة‬k. al-qīma
devaluation (of a currency); ‫ خفض العيش‬k.
al-‘aiš carefree, easy life; ‫ھو في خفض من‬
‫ العيش‬he lives in ease and comfort; ‫خفض‬
‫ الصوت‬k. aṣ-ṣaut lowering of the voice;
‫ حرف الخفض‬ḥarf al-k. preposition (gram.)
‫ خفض‬kafiḍ low, soft, subdued (voice)
‫ تخفيض‬takfīḍ lowering, cutback, reduction (esp.
of prices); diminution, decrease,
lessening, curtailment, restriction,
limitation
‫ انخفاض‬inkifāḍ sinking, dropping, subsidence;
lowering, reduction; lessen ing, decrease.
diminution, decrement; dropping of the
water level, low water │‫انخفاض جوي‬
(jawwī) low-pressure area (meteor.)
‫ مخفض‬mukaffaḍ lowered, reduced, low,
moderate (price, rate); lower
‫ منخفض‬munkafiḍ low (altitude, frequency,
price, etc.); soft, low, subdued, muffled
(voice) │‫ األراضي المنخفضة‬the Netherlands;
-- munkafaḍ pl. -āt low ground;
depression (geogr.) 250
‫ خفق‬kafaāqa i u (kafq, ‫ خفقان‬kafaqān, ‫خفوق‬
kufūq) to vibrate; to tremble, shake; to
beat, throb, palpitate (heart); to flutter,
wave, stream (flag); to flap the wings,
flutter (bird); to waver, flicker; -- (kafq) to
flash (lightning); to beat, whip (‫ ه‬s.th.;
eggs, cream, etc.); to make the sound of
footsteps (shoe); - (‫ خفوق‬kufūq) to drop
one’s head drowsily, nod off, doze off (
‫ خفق خفقة‬k. kafqatan); -- i (‫ خفوق‬kufūq) to
set, go down (celestial body) II to
roughcast, plaster, stucco (‫ ھـ‬a wall) IV to
flap the wings, flutter (bird); to set, go
down (celestial body); to be unsuccessful,
go wrong, fail, miscarry, come to nothing,
be abortive; to fail, be unsuccessful (‫ في‬in
s.th.)
‫ خفق‬kafq throb(bing) palpitation;
beating, beat; footfall, footstep, tread (of a
boot, of the foot)
‫ خفقة‬kafqa pl. kafaqāt (n. vic.) beat,
throb; tap, rap, knock; ticking noise, tick
‫ خفقان‬kafaqān palpitation of the heart,
heartbeat; throb(bing), beat(ing);
f1uttering, flutter
‫ خفاق‬kaffāq palpitant, throbbing (heart);
fluttering, waving, streaming (flag)
O ‫ مخفقة‬mikfaga whisk, eggbeater
‫ اخفاق‬ikfāq failure, fizzle, flop, fiasco
‫ خافق‬kāfiq palpitant, throbbing (heart);
fluttering, waving, streaming (flag); ‫الخفقان‬
al-kafaqān East and West; ‫ الخوافق‬al-
kawāfiq the cardinal points, the four
quarters of the world
‫ خافقي‬kāfiqī mortar, plaster, rough-cast;
stucco
‫ خفان‬see ‫خف‬
‫ خفى‬kafiya a to be hidden, be concealed; to be
unknown (a fact; ‫ على‬to s.o.); to disappear,
hide │‫ ال يخفى ان‬it is well known that ...; as
everybody knows ..., it is obvious that ... ;
‫ ال يخفى عليك‬you know very well ..., you are
well aware (of it); -- kafā i to hide,
conceal (‫ ھـ‬s.th.); to keep secret (‫ ھـ‬s.th.)
IV to hide, conceal (‫ ھـ‬s.th.); to afford (‫ھـ‬
s.o.) a place to hide, shelter, hide (‫ ھـ‬s.o.);
to keep secret (‫ ھـ‬s.th.); to disguise,
conceal (‫ ھـ‬s.th., ‫ على‬or ‫ عن‬from s.o.) │
‫ اخفى الصوت‬to lower the voice, speak in an
undertone V to hide, keep o.s. out of view;
to disguise o.s. VIII to hide, keep o.s. out
of view; to disappear, vanish; to be
hidden, be unknown; to be lacking, be
missing, be absent │‫ اختفى عن األنظار‬to be
hidden or disappear from sight X to hide,
keep o.s. out of view; to be hidden, be
concealed; to be hidden from s.o.’s (‫)عن‬
 view, become invisible (‫ عن‬to s.o.),
disappear from sight
‫ خفي‬kafīy hidden, concealed; secret,
unknown; unseen, invisible; mysterious │
‫ خفي االسم‬k. al-ism anonymous; O ‫انوار خفية‬
(anwār) indirect lighting
‫ خفية‬kufyatan, kifyatan secretly,
clandestinely, covertly; ‫ خفية عنه‬without his
knowledge
‫ خفية‬kafīya pl. ‫ خفايا‬kafāyā a secret, a
secret affair
‫ خفاء‬kafa’ secrecy, hiddenness │‫في الخفاء‬
secretly, clandestinely, covertly; ‫ال خفاء في‬
‫( ان‬kafā’a) it is quite evident, it is quite
obvious that ...
‫ اخفاء‬ikfā’ hiding, secretion;
concealment; lowering of the voice
‫ تخف‬takaffin disguise
‫ اختفاء‬iktifā’ disappearance
‫ خاف‬kāfin hidden, concealed; secret,
unknown; unseen, invisible
‫ خافية‬kāfiya pl. ‫ خواف‬kawāfin a secret; --
pl. ‫ الخوافى‬al-kawāfī the coverts, the
secondaries (of a bird’s wing)
‫ مخفي‬makfīy hidden, concealed 251
‫ متخف‬mutakaffin disguised, in disguise
‫ مختف‬muktafin hidden. Concealed,
clandestine, covert, secret; disappearing,
vanishing
‫ مختفى‬muktafan hiding place, hide-out
‫ خاقان‬look up alphabetically
‫ خل‬kalla u (kall) to pierce, transfix (‫ ھـ‬s.th.) II
to turn sour; to make sour, to sour, acidify
(‫ ھـ‬s.th.); to pickle, marinate (‫ ھـ‬s.th.); to
salt. cure with salt or in brine (‫ ھـ‬s.th.); to
pick (‫ ھـ‬the teeth); to run the fingers (‫ه‬
through s.th.), part, comb (‫ ھـ‬the hair, the
beard, also with the fingers) III to treat (‫ه‬
s.o.) as a friend IV to offend (‫ ب‬against),
infringe, transgress (‫ ب‬s.th.); to violate,
break (‫ ب‬s.th., e.g., a rule, a custom); to
fail to fulfill, fail to meet (‫ ب‬an
agreement); to forsake, desert, abandon (‫ب‬
s.o., s.th.); to disturb, upset, harm,
prejudice (‫ ب‬s.th.) V to be, lie or come
between s.th. (‫ ;ھـ‬also in time), intervene (
‫ ھـ‬between); to be located or situated, be
Interposed, be placed (‫ ھـ‬between); to
Permeate, pervade, interpenetrate (‫ھـ‬
s.th.), mix, mingle, blend (‫ ھـ‬with) VIII to
be or become defective; to be in disorder,
be faulty, deficient, imperfect; to become
disordered; to be upset, be unbalanced; to
be disturbed (order, system) │‫اختلت الشروط‬
the conditions are not fulfilled; ‫اختل توازنه‬
(tawāzunuhū) to lose one’s balance,
become unbalanced; ‫‘( اختل عقله‬aqluhū) to
be mentally deranged
‫ خل‬kall vinegar
‫ خل‬kill, kull pl. ‫ اخالل‬aklāl friend,
bosom friend
‫ خلل‬kalal pl. ‫ خالل‬kilāl gap, interval,
interstice; cleft, crack, rupture, fissure; a
defective, unbalanced state, imbalance;
defectiveness, imperfection; fault, flaw,
defeat, shortcoming; disturbance, upset,
disorder; damage, injury, harm (that s.th.
suffers or suffered); ‫ خالل‬kilāla during;
between; through │‫ في خلل‬fī kalali and ‫في‬
‫ خالل‬fī kilāli during; in the course of,
within, in a given period of; ‫في خالل ذلك‬
meanwhile, in the meantime; ‫ من خالل‬min
kilāli across, through, right through the
middle of; out of, from within; (to judge,
reason, draw conclusions, etc.) by, on the
basis of, on the strength of, (to recognize)
from
‫ خلة‬kalla need, want, luck; -- (pl. ‫خالل‬
(kilāl) property, attribute, peculiarity;
characteristic; natural disposition
‫ خلة‬kulla pl. ‫ خلل‬kulal friendship
‫ خالل‬kilāl pl. ‫ اخلة‬akilla boring or
drilling implement; peg, pin; spit, skewer;
(also ‫ خاللة‬pl. -āt) toothpick; see also ‫خلل‬
kalal
‫ خليل‬kalīl pl. ‫ اخالء‬akillā’2, ‫ خالن‬kullān
friend, bosom friend; lovers; ‫ الخليل‬Hebron
(town in Jordanian Palestine) │‫خليل ﷲ‬
epithet of Abraham
‫ خليلة‬kalīla pl. -āt girl friend, woman
friend; sweetheart, paramour
‫ ام الخلول‬umm al-kulūl river mussel
(zool.)
‫ اخالل‬iklāl pl. -āt breach, infraction,
violation (of a law, of a treaty, and the
like); offence (against), transgression,
 infringement (of); disturbance (of an
order, of a system); impairment, injury,
harm (to); average, damage, by sea │‫مع‬
‫‘( عدم االخالل ب‬adami l-i.) without
prejudice to, without detriment to ‫اختالل‬
iktilāl deficiency, defectiveness,
imperfection; (a falling into) disrepair,
deterioration; faultiness; disturbance (of a
system, of a function, of the equilibrium,
etc.); disorder, confusion
‫ مخلل‬mukallal pickled; salted; (pl. -āt)
pickles, pickled vegetables
‫ مخل‬mukill disgraceful, shameful │‫مخل‬
‫ باآلداب‬immoral, indecent, improper 252
‫ خلب‬kalaba i u (kalb) to seize with the claws,
clutch (‫ ھـ‬s.th.), pounce (‫ ھـ‬on); -- u (‫خالبة‬
kilāba) to cajole, coax, wheedle (‫ ه‬s.o.); to
inveigle, beguile, bewitch, enchant (‫ ه‬s.o.,
‫‘ عقله‬aqlahū s.o.’s mind); to charm,
fascinate, captivate (‫ ه‬s.o.) III to cajole,
wheedle, coax. inveigle, beguile, bewitch,
enchant (‫ ه‬s.o.) VIII to seize with the
claws, clutch (‫ ھـ‬s.th.), pounce (‫ ھـ‬on); to
cajole, inveigle, beguile, bewitch, enchant
(‫ ه‬s.o.)
‫ خلب‬kilb pl. ‫ اخالب‬aklāb fingernail,
claw, talon
‫ برق خلب‬barqun kallābun and barqu
kullabin lightning without a downpour; a
disappointing, disillusioning matter; ‫خلب‬
and ‫ خلب من برق‬delusion, illusion
‫ خلبي‬kullabī: ‫( فشك خلب‬fašak) blank
cartridges (Syr.; mil.)
‫ خالب‬kallāb gripping, captivating,
fascinating; attractive, engaging, winning;
tempting, enticing; fraudulent, deceitful;
deceptive, delusive, fallacious
‫ خالبة‬kilāba engaging manners,
attractiveness, charm
‫ مخلب‬miklab pl. ‫ مخالب‬makālib claw,
talon
‫ خالب‬kālib = ‫ خالب‬kallāb
‫ خلبص‬II kalbaṣa (eg.) to clown
‫ خلبوص‬kalbūṣ pl. ‫ خالبيص‬kalābīṣ2,
‫ خالبصة‬kalābiṣa (eg.) clown, buffoon,
harlequin
‫ خلج‬kalaja i and III to be on s.o.’s (‫ )ه‬mind,
trouble, preoccupy, prepossess (‫ ه‬s.o.,
s.o.’s mind; said of worries, doubts, etc.);
to pervade, fill (‫ ه‬s.o.; said of a feeling) │
‫( خالج قلبه‬qalbahū) to be uppermost in s.o.’s
heart V to be shaken, be convulsed, be
rocked VIII to quiver, tremble, quake,
shake; to twitch (eye, limb, body); to
animate, move, stir, inspire, fill, pervade,
possess (‫ في‬،‫ ھـ‬the heart; said of a feeling)
│ ‫( اختلج غما‬gamman) to be filled with
sorrow, with grief (heart)
‫ خلجة‬kalja pl. ka1ajāt emotion,
sentiment; scruple, qualm, misgiving
‫ خليج‬kalīj pl. ‫ خلج‬kulj, ‫ خلجان‬kuljān bay,
gulf; canal; ‫ الخليج‬name of Cairo’s ancient
city canal which was abandoned and
leveled at the end of the 19th century │
‫ الخليج الفارسي‬the Persian Gulf
‫ خالج‬kilāj misgiving, doubt, scruple,
qualm
‫ اختالجة‬iktilāja (n. vic.) convulsion, jerk,
twitch; tremor
‫ خالجة‬kālija pl. ‫ خوالج‬kawālij2 emotion,
sentiment; scruple, qualm; idea
‫ خلخل‬kalkala to shake, convulse, rock (‫ ھـ‬s.th.);
to rarefy (‫ ھـ‬s.th., e.g., air; chem.- phys.) II
takalkala to be shaken, be rocked; to come
off, become disjointed, become detached;
to become loose, work loose; to be or
become rarefied (chem.- phys.)
‫ خلخل‬kalkal pl. ‫ خالخل‬kalākil2 anklet
‫ خلخال‬kalkāl pl. ‫ خالخيل‬kalākīl 2 anklet
‫ تخلخل‬takalkul rarefication
‫ مخلخل‬mukalkal and ‫ متخلخل‬mutakalkil
rarefied
‫ خلد‬kalada u (‫ خلود‬kulūd) to remain or last
forever, be everlasting; to be immortal,
deathless, undying; to abide forever (‫ الى‬or
‫ ب‬in, with); to remain, stay (‫ الى‬or ‫ ب‬or ‫ل‬
at a place) │ ‫خلد الى الراحة‬to rest, relax; ‫خلد‬
‫ الى النوم‬to lie down to sleep II to make
eternal or everlasting, perpetuate,
eternalize (‫ ھـ‬s.th.), make immortal,
immortalize (‫ ھـ‬s.o.); to make
ineffaceable, unforgettable (‫ ھـ‬s.th.; a
memory); to remain, stay, abide, linger (‫ب‬
at, in a place); to grow very old, enjoy a
long life, be long-lived IV to eternize,
immortalize, make immortal (‫ ه‬s.o., ‫ھـ‬
s.th.); to perpetuate (‫ ھـ‬s.th.); to remain,
 stay, abide, linger (‫ الى‬or ‫ ب‬at, in a place)
253 to be disposed, incline, lean, tend (‫الى‬
to) V to become eternal or immortal,
perpetuate o.s. j to be or become long,
lasting, perpetual
‫ خلد‬kuld infinite duration, endless time,
perpetuity, eteruity │ ‫دار الخلد‬Paradise, the
hereafter
‫ خلد‬kuld mole (zool.)
‫ خلد‬kalad, pl. ‫ اخالد‬aklād mind, heart,
spirit, temper
‫ خلود‬kulūd infinite duration, endless
time, perpetuity, eternity; eternal life,
immortality; abiding, remaining, staying
‫ تخليد‬taklīd perpetuation, eternization,
immortalization
‫ خالد‬kālid everlasting, perpetual, eternal;
immortal, deathless, undying;
unforgettable, glorious; pl. ‫ خوالد‬kawālid2
mountains │‫ الجزائر الخالدات‬the Canary
Islands
‫ مخلد‬muklid disposed, inclined, tending
(‫ الى‬to)
‫ خلس‬kalasa i (kals) to steal (‫ ھـ‬s.th.); to pilfer,
filch, swipe, purloin (‫ ھـ‬s.th.) III ‫خلسه النظر‬
(naẓara) to glance furtively at s.o. VIII to
steal, pilfer, filch, swipe (‫ ھـ‬s.th.); to get
under false pretenses or by crooked means
(‫ ھـ‬s.th.); to embezzle, misappropriate (‫ھـ‬
s.th.); to spend secretly (‫ ھـ‬hours) │‫اختلس‬
‫( الخطى الى‬kuṭā) to sneak up on s.o.; ‫اختلس‬
‫ )النظر الى )في‬to glance furtively at s.o.
‫ خلسة‬kulsatan by stealth, stealthily,
surreptitiously, furtively
‫ خالسي‬kilāsī mulatto, bastard
‫ اختالس‬iktilās pl. -āt embezzlement,
misappropriation, defalcation
‫ مختلس‬muktalis embezzler, defalcator
‫ خلص‬kalaṣa u (‫ خلوص‬kulūṣ) to be pure,
unmixed, unadulterated; to belong (‫ ل‬to
s.o.); to get, come (‫ الى‬to), arrive (‫ الى‬at); --
(‫ خالص‬kallāṣ) to be or become free, be
freed, be liberated (‫ من‬from), be cleared,
get rid (‫ من‬of); to be saved, be rescued,
escape (‫ من‬from); to be redeemed, be
delivered, attain salvation (Chr.); --
(colloq.) to be finished, be done, be
through, be over; to be all gone II to clear,
purify, refine, purge, rectify (‫ ھـ‬s.th.); to
clarify (‫ ھـ‬a situation); to liberate, free,
save, rescue (‫ ه‬s.o., ‫ من‬from), rid (. s.o., ‫من‬
of); to redeem, deliver (Chr.); to prepay
the postage (‫ على‬on); to pay duty (‫على‬
‫ البضائع‬on merchandise), clear (‫ على‬goods);
to settle (‫ ھـ‬a bill); (colloq.) to finish (‫ھـ‬
s.th.) │‫( خلص حقه‬ḥaqqahū) to restore one’s
right, secure one’s due III to act with
integrity, with sincerity (‫ ه‬toward s.o.),
treat (‫ ه‬s.o.) fair and square; to get even,
become quits (‫ ه‬with s.o.) IV to dedicate (
‫ ھـ ل‬to s.o. s.th.); to be loyal (‫ ل‬to s.o.); to
be devoted, be faithful (‫ ل‬to) │‫اخلص له‬
‫( الحب‬ḥubba) to love s.o. dearly; ‫اخلص‬
‫( دينه‬li-llāhi dīnahū) to worship God
faithfully and sincerely V to rid o.s. (‫من‬
of), free o.s. (‫ من‬from), get rid (‫ من‬of); to
be freed, be delivered, be saved, be
rescued, escape (‫ من‬from) VI to act with
reciprocal integrity and sincerity; to be
quits, be even X to extract (‫ ھـ‬s.th., ‫من‬
from); to copy, excerpt (‫ ھـ‬s.th., ‫ من‬from);
to abstract, take, gather, work out (‫ ھـ‬s.th.,
as the quintessence, ‫ من‬of); to deduce,
infer, derive (‫ من‬s.th., ‫ من‬from); to
discover, make out, find out (‫ ھـ‬s.th.); to
select, choose (‫ ھـ‬s.th.) ; to demand
payment of a sum (‫ )ھـ‬and get it (‫ من‬from
s.o.) │‫ استخلص فائدة من‬to derive profit from,
profit, benefit from; ‫استخلص منه وعدا‬
(wa‘dan) to exact a promise from s.o.
‫ خالص‬kalāṣ liberation, deliverance,
riddance; rescue, salvation (‫ من‬from);
redemption (Chr.); payment, settlement,
liquidation (of a bill); receipt; placenta,
afterbirth 254
‫ خالصة‬kulāṣa pl. -āt excerpt; extract,
essence; quintessence, substance, gist (of
s.th.); abstract, resume, summary,
epitome; synopsis │‫( خالصة نھائية‬nihā’īya)
summation (jur.); ‫( الخالصة الالھوتية‬al-
lāhītīya) the “summa theological” (of
Thomas Aquinas); ‫‘( خالصة عطرية‬iṭrīya)
perfume essence; ‫ والخالصة‬in short, briefly,
in a word (introducing a summary of the
basic ideas)
‫ خليص‬kalīṣ, pl. ‫ خلصاء‬kulaṣā’2 pure,
clear, unmixed, unadulterated; sincere,
faithful, loyal; loyal adherent
‫ خلوص‬kulūṣ clearness, purity; sincerity,
candor; frankness
 ‫ خالص‬kallāṣ (magr.) tax collector
‫ مخلص‬maklaṣ safe place; refuge,
escape, rescue, salvation, deliverance
‫ تخليص‬taklīṣ clearing, purification,
refining, rectification; clarification;
liberation, extrication, deliverance, rescue,
salvation; payment, settlement,
liquidation; prepayment of postage (‫على‬
on); customs clearance, payment of duty (
‫ على البضائع‬on merchandise; also ‫تخليص‬
‫)البضائع‬
‫ مخالصة‬mukālaṣa pl. -āt receipt
‫ اخالص‬iklāṣ sincere devotion, loyal
attachment, sincere affection; sincerity,
frankness, candor; loyalty, faithfulness,
fidelity, allegiance (‫ ل‬to)
‫ تخلص‬takalluṣ freedom, liberation,
release, extrication, escape (‫ من‬from)
‫ استخالص‬istiklāṣ extraction; excerption;
derivation, deduction; selection; collecting
(of a sum of money)
‫ خالص‬kāliṣ pl. ‫ خلص‬kullaṣ clear; pure,
unmixed, unadulterated; sincere, frank,
candid, true; free, exempt (‫ من‬from) │
‫ خالص األجرة‬k. al-ujra post-free; ‫خالص الرد‬
k. ar-radd prepaid, reply paid for
(telegram); ‫( خالص من الكمرك‬gumrug)
dutyfree; ‫ خالص الضريبة‬tax-exempt
‫ مخلص‬mukalliṣ liberator; Savior,
Redeemer (Chr.)
‫ )مخلص )عليه‬mukallaṣ (‘alaihi) postage
paid
‫ مخلص‬mukliṣ devoted; sincere, frank,
candid; loyal; faithful (‫ ل‬to s.o., to s.th.);
purehearted, virtuous, righteous; ‫المخلص‬
(in letters) approx.: yours truly …,
sincerely yours ...
‫ مستخلص‬mustaklaṣ pl. -āt extract,
excerpt
‫ خلط‬kalaṭa i (kalṭ) to mix, mingle, commingle,
blend (‫ ب ھـ‬s.th. with); to confuse,
confound, mix up (‫ بين‬two things; ‫بين – وبين‬
s.th. with), mistake (‫ و‬-- ‫ بين‬s.th. for) II to
mix, mingle, commingle, blend (‫ ھـ‬s.th.);
to cause confusion III to mix, mingle,
blend, merge, fuse (‫ ھـ‬with s.th.); to
meddle (‫ ھـ‬in), interfere (‫ ھـ‬with); to mix,
associate (‫ ه‬with s.o.); to have to do (‫ ه‬with
s.o.) │‫( خالط نفسه‬nafsahū) to befall, attack
s.o. (pain, etc.); ‫ خولط في عقله‬kūliṭa fī
‘aqlihi to be or become disordered in
mind VIII to be mixed, mix, mingle, form
a mixture or blend; to consist of a
heterogeneous mixture, be motley,
promiscuous; to associate, be on intimate
terms (‫ ب‬with); to be or become confused,
get all mixed up
‫ خلط‬kalṭ mixing, blending;
combination; mingling, commingling (‫ب‬
with); confusing, confounding, mistaking,
mix-up, confusion
‫ خلط‬kilṭ pl. ‫ اخالط‬aklāṭ component of a
mixture; ingredient; pl. mixture, blend │
‫ اخالط االنسان‬the four humors of the human
body (blood, phlegm, yellow bile, and
black bile); ‫ اخالط من الناس‬common people,
populace, rabble, riffraff, mob; ‫ خلط ملط‬kilṭ
milṭ, kalṭ malṭ motley, pell-mell,
promiscuously 255
‫ خلطة‬kalṭa mixture, blend, medley
‫ خلطة‬kulta company; mixture
‫ خالط‬and ‫ خالطة‬kallāṭa pl. -āt mixer,
mixing machine
‫ خليط‬kalīṭ mixed, blended; motley,
heterogeneous, promiscuous; mixture,
blend (‫ من‬of); medley, hodgepodge; (pl.
‫ خلطاء‬kulaṭā’2) associate, companion,
comrade
‫ تخليط‬taklīṭ pl. -āt insanity; delirium
‫ مخالطة‬mukālaṭa company, intercourse,
association
‫ اختالط‬iktilāṭ (process of) mixing,
blending; mingling, commingling;
confusion; mental disorder; (social)
intercourse, association, dealings (‫ ب‬with)
‫ مخلوط‬maklūṭ pl. ‫ مخاليط‬makālīṭ2
mixture, blend; alloy
‫ مخلط‬mukallaṭ confused, disordered
‫ مخالط‬mukālaṭ stricken, afflicted (‫ ب‬e.g.,
by a disease)
‫ مختلط‬muktaliṭ mixed │ ‫المحاكم المختلطة‬
the mixed courts, see ‫محكمة؛ تعليم مختلط‬
coeducation
‫ خلع‬kala‘a a (kal‘) to take off, put off, slip off (
‫ ھـ‬a garment); to doff, take off (‫طربوشة‬
one’s tarboosh); to extract, pull (‫ ھـ‬a
tooth); to wrench, dislocate, luxate (‫ ھـ‬a
joint); to depose, remove, dismiss,
discharge (‫ ه‬s.o., ‫ من‬from an office); to
renounce, forgo, give up (‫ ھـ‬s.th.),
withdraw (‫ ھـ‬from); to throw off, cost off (
‫‘ عذاره‬idārahū one’s restraint, one’s
inhibitions); to refuse (‫ الطاعة‬obedience);
to disown, repudiate (‫ ابنه‬one’s son); to
divorce (‫ ھا‬one’s wife) in return for a
compensation to be paid by her; to get
through, have done (‫ ھـ‬with s.th.), be
through, have gone through s.th. (‫ھـ‬, e.g., a
hard day); to impart (‫ على ھـ‬s.th. to); to
confer, bestow (‫ على ھـ‬s.th. upon s.o.),
grant, award (‫ على ھـ‬s.th. to s.o.) │ ‫خلع ثيابه‬
(tiyābahū) to undress; ‫‘( خلعه من العرش‬arš)
to dethrone s.o.; ‫( خلع عليه خلعة‬kil‘atan) to
bestow a robe of honor upon s.o.; ‫خلع على‬
‫( نفسه حق‬ḥaqqa) to arrogate to o.s. the right
of ...; -- kalu‘a u (‫ خالعة‬kalā‘a) to be
dissolute, morally depraved II to take
away, remove, displace, dislocate (‫ھـ‬
s.th.); to knock out of joint, take or break
apart (‫ ھـ‬s.th.); pass. kulli‘a to fall to
pieces, get out of joint III to divorce (‫ھا‬
one’s wife, in return for a compensation to
be paid by her) V to go to pieces, fall
apart, break; to become or be luxated,
dislocated (joint); to take a vacation in the
country (tun.) │ ‫(تخلع في الشراب‬šarāb) to be
addicted to drinking, drink heavily VII to
be displaced, be dislocated, be removed;
to be divested, be deprived, be stripped (
‫ من‬of s.th.), forfeit, lose (‫ من‬s.th.) │ ‫انخلع‬
‫( قلبه‬qalbuhū) he was completely taken
aback, he was alarmed, startled
‫ خلع‬kal‘ slipping off, taking off (of
clothes); deposition (e.g., of a ruler);
dislocation, luxation │‫ خلع األسنان‬extraction
of teeth
‫ خلع‬kul‘ khula, divorce at the instance
of the wife, who must pay a compensation
(Isl. Law)
‫ خلعة‬kil‘a pl. ‫ خلع‬kila‘ robe of honor
‫ خليع‬kalī‘ pl. ‫ خلعاء‬kula‘a’2 deposed,
dismissed, discharged (from an office);
repudiated, disowned; wanton, dissolute,
dissipated, profligate, morally depraved
‫ خالع‬kallā‘ wild, unruly, wanton,
shameless, impudent
‫ خالعة‬kalā‘a dissoluteness, dissipation,
profligacy, wantonness, licentiousness,
moral depravity; (tun.) recreation in the
country, summer vacation
‫ خولع‬kaula’ fool, dolt, simpleton 256
‫ خالع‬kāli‘: ‫ خالع العذار‬k. al-‘idār
unrestrained, ;uninhibited, wanton;
libertine, debauchee, roué, rake
‫ مخلوع‬maklū‘ unrestrained, uninhibited,
wanton; wild, unruly; reckless, heedless,
irresponsible; crazy, mad
‫ خلف‬kalafa u to be the successor (‫ ه‬of s.o.),
succeed (‫ ه‬s.o.): to follow (‫ ه‬s.o.), come
after s.o. (‫)ه‬: to take the place of s.o. (‫)ه‬,
substitute (. for s.o.): to replace (‫ ه‬s.o., ‫ھـ‬
s.th.): to lag behind s.o. (‫)عن‬: to stay
behind (‫ عن‬after s.o.’s departure); to be
detained, be held back, be kept away, stay
away (‫ من‬from) II to appoint as successor (
‫ ه‬s.o.); to leave behind, leave (‫ ه‬,‫ ھـ‬s.o.,
s.th.); to have descendants, have offspring
III to be contradictory, contrary, opposed (
‫ ھـ‬to): to conflict, clash, be at variance (‫ھـ‬
with); to contradict (‫ ه‬s.o., ‫ ھـ‬s.th.); to be
different, differ, diverge (‫ ھـ‬from), be
inconsistent, incompatible, not in keeping,
not to harmonize (‫ ھـ‬with); to offend (‫ھـ‬
against a command, a rule), break, violate,
disobey (‫ ھـ‬a command, a rule) IV to leave
(‫ ه‬offspring, children); to compensate,
requite, recompense (‫ على‬s.o.; said of
God): to break, fail to keep (‫ وعده‬wa‘dahū
one’s promise), go back on one’s word; to
disappoint (‫ الرجاء‬ar-rajā’a the hopes) V
to stay behind; to lag or fall behind (‫;)عن‬
to stay, stay on, remain; to fail to appear
or show up; to play truant; to be absent; to
stay away (‫ عن‬from), not go (‫ عن‬to), not
attend (‫ عن‬s.th.) │‫( تخلف عن المجيء‬majī’) to
fail to come or arrive; ‫تخلف عن العودة‬
(‘auda) not to return VI to disagree, differ,
be at variance; to differ in opinion, be of a
different mind VIII to differ, be different,
vary (‫ عن‬from); to be varied, varying,
variable, various, diverse, dissimilar; to
vary (‫ بين‬between); to disagree, differ in
opinion, be at variance, argue, quarrel,
dispute (‫ في‬about); to come or go
frequently (‫ الى‬to), frequent, patronize (‫الى‬
a place), visit frequently (‫ الى‬s.o., s.th.),
come and go (‫ الى‬at); to come, descend (
‫ على‬upon s.o.; said of afflictions), befall,
overtake (‫ على‬s.o.) X to appoint as
successor or vicar (‫ ه‬s.o.)
‫ خلف‬kalf back, rear, rear part or portion;
successors; kalfu and ‫ من خلف‬min kalfu
(adv.) at the back, in the rear; kalfa (prep.)
behind, after, in the rear of │ ‫ جرى خلفھا‬he
ran after her: ‫ من خلف‬min kalfi behind, in
the rear of; ‫ من الخلف‬from behind, from the
rear; ‫ الى الخلف‬to the rear, backward, back;
‫ الى خلف الشيء‬in the wake of s.th.; ‫في الخلف‬
in the rear; at the back, in the background
‫ خلفي‬kalfī rear, hind, hinder, back
‫ خلف‬kilf pl. ‫ اخالف‬aklāf test, nipple,
mammilla
‫ خلف‬kulf dissimilarity, disparity,
difference, contrast, variance, discrepancy
‫ خلف‬kalaf pl. ‫ اخالف‬aklāf substitute;
successor; descendant, offspring, scion
‫ خلفة‬kilfa dissimilarity, disparity,
difference; that which follows s.th. and
replaces it (e.g., second growth of plants,
day and night, etc.)
‫ خليفة‬kalīfa pl. ‫ خلفاء‬kulafā’2, ‫خالئف‬
kalā’if2 vicar, deputy; successor; caliph;
(formerly) senior official of the native
administration in Tunis, assigned to a ‫قائد‬
(formerly) title of the ruler of Spanish
Morocco
‫ المنطقة الخليفية‬al-minṭaqa al-kalīfīya the
Caliphate Zone (formerly, designation of
Spanish Morocco)
‫ خالفة‬kilāfa vicarship, deputyship;
succession; caliphate, office or rule of a
caliph: (formerly) administrative
department of a ‫( خليفة‬Tun.), see above
‫ مخالف‬miklāf pl. ‫ مخاليف‬makālīf2
province (Yemen) 257
‫ خالف‬kilāf pl. -āt difference, disparity,
dissimilarity; divergence, deviation;
contrast, contrariety, incongruity,
contradiction, conflict; disagreement,
difference of opinion (‫ على‬or ‫ في‬about);
dispute, controversy; kilāfa (prep.) beside,
apart from, aside from │‫ خالفه‬kilāfuhū (=
‫ )غيره‬other, the like, ‫ خالفھم‬others (than
those mentioned), ‫ وخالفه‬and the like (after
an enumeration); ‫ بخالف‬bi-kilāfi beside,
apart 'from, aside from; contrary to, as
opposed to, unlike; ‫ خالفا ل‬kilāfan li
contrary to, against, in contradiction to;
‫ على خالف ذلك‬unlike that, contrary to that,
on the contrary, on the other hand
‫ خالفي‬kilāfī controversial, disputed
‫ مخالفة‬mukālafa pl. -āt contrast,
contrariety; contradiction, inconsistency;
contravention, infringement, violation;
misdemeanor (jur.; as distinguished from
‫ جنحة‬and ‫ ;)جناية‬fine (for a misdemeanor)
‫ تخلف‬takalluf staying away,
nonappearance, nonattendance,
nonpresence, absence, truancy (also ‫تخلف‬
‫ ;)عن الحضور‬staying behind, staying on;
stopover (railroad); backwardness
‫ اختالف‬iktilāf pl. -āt difference,
dissimilarity, disparity; diversity, variety;
variant, variation; difference of opinion,
disagreement; controversy │‫الرعية على‬
‫( اختالف المذاھب الدينية‬ra‘īya, dīnīya) the
subjects of every (= irrespective of their)
religious denomination; ‫على اختالف احزابھم‬
whichever party they may belong to; ‫الفواكه‬
‫ على اختالفھا‬all the different fruits, fruits of
every kind
‫ مخلوفة‬maklūfa pl. -āt camel saddle
‫ مخلف‬mukallaf left, left behind; left
over; pl. ‫ مخلفات‬heritage, legacy, estate;
scraps, leftovers
‫ مخالف‬mukālif divergent, varying,
different; inconsistent, incompatible,
contradictory, contrasting, conflicting;
transgressor (of a command)
‫ متخلف‬mutakallif residual; left over;
retarded, backward, underdeveloped
(mentally, in growth, etc.); pl. -ūn one left
behind; straggler; pl. ‫ متخلفات‬heritage,
legacy, estate; leftovers; scraps, refuse,
offal │‫( اتربة متخلفة‬atriba) waste material,
overburden, superstratum (in mining); ‫المياه‬
‫( المتخلفة‬miyāh) waste water, sewage
‫ مختلف‬muktalif different, varying,
divergent (‫ من‬from); varied, various,
diverse; having a different opinion,
disagreeing (‫ في‬or ‫ على‬about)
‫ )مختلف فيه )عليه‬muktalaf fīhi (‘alaihi)
controversial, disputed
‫ خلق‬kalaqa u (kalq) to create, make, originate (
‫ ھـ‬s.th.); to shape, form, mold (‫ ھـ‬s.th.); --
kaliqa a and kaluqa u to be old, worn,
shabby (garment); -- kaluqa u (‫خالقة‬
kalāqa) to be fit, suitable, suited II to
perfume (‫ ھـ‬s.th.) IV to wear out (‫ ھـ‬s.th.),
let (‫ ھـ‬s.th.) become old and shabby V
pass. of II; to be molded, be shaped (‫ ب‬by
a model or pattern), change (‫ ب‬with a
model); to become angry VIII to invent,
contrive, devise (‫ ھـ‬s.th.); to fabricate,
concoct, think up (‫ ھـ‬s.th.); to attribute
falsely (‫ ھـ على‬to s.o. s.th.)
‫ خلق‬kalq creation; making; origination;
s.th. which is created, a creation;
creatures; people, man, mankind; physical
constitution
‫ خلق‬kulq, kuluq pl. ‫ اخالق‬aklāq innate
peculiarity; natural disposition, character,
temper, nature; -- pl. ‫ اخالق‬aklāq character
(of a person); morals; morality │ ‫سوء الخلق‬
sū’ al-k. ill nature; ‫ سيئ الخلق‬sayyi’ al-k. ill-
natured; ‫ سھل الخلق‬sahl al-k. complaisant,
obliging; ‫ ضيق الخلق‬ḍayyiq al-k. impatient,
restless; ‫‘ علم األخالق‬ilm al-a. ethics; moral
science, morals; 258 ‫ سمو األخالق‬sumūw al-
a. nobility of character; ‫ مكارم األخالق‬noble
manners, high moral standards; ‫شرطة‬
‫ األخالق‬šurṭa al-a. vice squad
‫ خلقي‬kulqī ethic(al), moral │ ‫جرائم خلقية‬
offenses against public morals
‫ خلق‬kalaq (m. and f.) pl. ‫ خلقان‬kulqān,
‫ اخالق‬aklāq shabby, threadbare, worn
(garment)
‫ خلقة‬kilqa pl. ‫ خلق‬kilaq creation; innate
peculiarity of character, natural
disposition, nature; constitution;
physiognomy; kilqatan by nature
‫ خلقي‬kilqī natural, native, congenital,
innate, inborn, inbred
‫ خلقة‬kalaqa rag, tatter
‫ خالق‬kalāq share (of positive qualities,
of religion) │ ‫( ال خالق له‬kalāqa)
disgraceful, ignominious, despicable; a
worthless fellow, a good-for-nothing
‫ خليق‬kalīq pl. ‫ خلقاء‬kulaqā’2 fit,
qualified, suitable, appropriate (‫ ل‬،‫ ب‬for
s.th., ‫ ان‬to do s.th.); apt (‫ ان‬to do s.th.); in
keeping with (‫)ب‬, adequate (‫ ب‬to), worthy
(‫ ب‬of) │‫ نحن خليقون ان‬it is (would be) only
fair that we ..., we should ..., we ought
to ...; ‫ ھو خليق ان‬he is apt to ..., it is only
natural for him that he ...; ‫خليق بھذا ان يكون‬
‫( مؤلما‬mu’liman) this is apt to be paicful. it
is only natural that this is painful; ‫نظرة‬
‫( يسيرة خليقة ان تقنعنا بأن‬tuqni‘anā) no more
than a quick glance is apt to convince us
that ...
‫ خلوق‬kalūq of firm character, steadfast,
upright
‫ اخلق‬aklaq more adequate, more
appropriate, more natural
‫ خالق‬kallāq Creator, Maker (God)
‫ خليقة‬kalīqa the creation, the universe
created by God; nature; natural
disposition, trait, characteristic; creatures,
created beings; pl. ‫ خالئق‬kalā’iq2 creatures,
created beings
‫ اخالقي‬aklāqī moral; ethic(al); ethicist,
moral philosopher │‫( جرم اخالقي‬jurm)
offence against public morals; ‫الفلسفة‬
‫( األخالقية‬falsafa) moral science, moral
philosophy; ethics
‫ أخالقية‬aklāqīya morality, moral practice
‫ خلقاني‬kulqānī dealer in old clothes
‫ خالق‬kāliq creative; Creator, Maker
(God)
‫ مخلوق‬maklūq created; (pl. -āt. ‫مخاليق‬
makālīq2) creature, created being
‫ مختلق‬muktaliq inventor, fabricator (of
untruths)
‫ مختلق‬muktalaq fabricated, trumped up,
invented, fictitious; apocryphal; pl. -āt
lies, falsehoods, fabrications, fictions
‫ خلقين‬kalqīn pl. ‫ خالقين‬kalāqīn2 caldron,
boiler, kettle
1
‫ خلنج‬kalanj heath, erica (bot.)
2
‫ خلنجان‬kulungān (eg.) (rhizome of) galingale
(Polypodium Calaguala Kz.; bot.)
‫ )خال )خلو‬kalā u (kulūw, ‫ خالء‬kalā’) to be
empty, vacant; -- (kuluw) to be free (‫ من‬or
‫ عن‬from); to be devoid (‫ من‬of s.th.), lack,
want (‫ من‬s.th.), be in need (‫ من‬of); to be
vacant (office); -- (‫ خلوة‬kalwa) to be alone
(‫ مع‬،‫ الى‬،‫ ب‬with s.o., ‫ الى‬also: with or in
s.th.); to isolate o.s., seclude o.s.; to
withdraw, retire (‫ للمداولة‬li-l-mudāwala for
deliberation; court, jury); to withdraw for
spiritual communion, in order to take
counsel (‫ الى‬with); to devote o.s., apply
o.s.. give one's attention (‫ ل‬to s.th.); ‫خال به‬
to forsake, desert s.o., leave s.o. in the
lurch; -- to pass (‫ ه‬s.o.), go by s.o. (‫ ;)ه‬to
pass, elapse, go by, be bygone, past, over
(time) │‫( خال له الجو‬jaww) to have free
scope. have freedom 259 of action; ‫ال يخلو‬
‫( من جمال‬jamāl) it is not without a certain
beauty; ‫( ال يخلو من مبالغة‬mubālaga) it is
slightly exaggerated; ‫ ال يخلو من فائدة‬it is not
quits useless; ‫ خال الى نفسه‬to be alone with
o.s.; to commune with o.s., take counsel
with o.s., search one’s heart; ‫منذ عشر سنوات‬
‫ خلت‬mundu ‘ašri sanawātin kalat for the
past ten years II to vacate, evacuate (‫ھـ‬
s.th.); to leave, leave alone (‫ ه‬s.o.); to
release, let go (‫ ه‬s.o., ‫ ھـ‬s.th.); to desist,
abstain, refrain (‫ عن‬from), give up (‫عن‬
s.th.) │‫( خلى سبيله‬sabīlahū) to let s.o. off,
let s.o. go, release s.o.; ‫خلى بين فالن وبين‬
‫ الشيء‬to give s.o. a free hand in, let s.o.
have his own way with or in, let s.o. alone
with; to open the way for s.o. to; ‫خل عنك‬
‫ ھذه الميول‬kalli ‘anka h. l-muyūla desist
from such desires! IV to empty, void,
drain, deplete (‫ من ھـ‬s.th. of); to vacate,
leave uninhabited or untenanted (‫ ھـ‬a
place); to evacuate (‫ ھـ‬a city) │‫اخلى سبيله‬
(sabīlahū) to let s.o. off, let s.o. go, release
s.o.; ‫ اخلى السبيل ل‬to open the way for ...;
‫( اخلى طرف‬ṭarafahū) to dismiss, discharge
s.o., send s.o. away; to exonerate,
exculpate, clear s.o.; ‫( اخلى سمعه ل‬sam‘ahū)
to be all ears for ..., listen intently to ...;
‫ اخلى بينه وبين ما يقول‬to let s.o. say whatever
he likes, let s.o. talk freely V to give up,
relinquish, forgo, abandon (‫ عن‬or ‫ من‬s.th.),
withdraw, resign (‫ عن‬or ‫ من‬from); to cede,
leave, surrender (‫ ل عن‬s.th. to s.o.); to lay
down (‫ عن‬an office) VIII to retire,
withdraw, step aside, be alone (‫ ب‬or ‫مع‬
with)
‫ خلو‬kilw free (‫ من‬from), devoid (‫ من‬of)
‫ خلو‬kulūw emptiness, vacuity; freedom
(‫ من‬from)
‫ خم‬kamma u (kamm) to sweep (‫ ھـ‬a room); -- i
‫ خال‬kalā and ‫( ما خال‬with foll. acc. or
genit.) except, save, with the exception of
‫ خالء‬kalā’ emptiness, vacuity; empty
space, void, vacancy, vacuum; open
country │‫ تحت الخالء‬or ‫ في الخالء‬under the
open sky, outdoors, in the open air; ‫بيت‬
‫ الخالء‬bait al-k. toilet, water closet
‫ خلوة‬kalwa pl. kalawāt privacy,
solitude; seclusion, isolation, retirement;
place of retirement or seclusion, retreat,
recess; secluded room; hermitage;
religious assembly hall of the Druses;
booth, cabin │‫ على خلوة‬alone; in
retirement, in seclusion; ‫ خلوة الحمام‬k. al-
ḥammām bathhouse
‫ خلوي‬kalawī lonely, solitary, secluded,
isolated, outlying; located in the open
country, rural, rustic, country │‫بيت خلوي‬
(bait) country house
‫ خلى‬kalīy pl. ‫ اخلياء‬akliyā’2 free (‫من‬
from), void, devoid (‫ من‬of) │‫خلى البال‬
carefree, easygoing, happy-go-lucky
‫ خلية‬kalīya pl. ‫ خاليا‬kalāyā beehive; cell
(biol.) │‫( الخلية الحيوية األولى‬al-ḥayawīya l-
ūlā) protoplasm; ‫ من خاليا‬from within ...,
from inside ..., out of ...
‫ مخالة‬miklāh nosebag
‫ تخلية‬takliya vacating, evaluation
‫ اخالء‬iklā’ emptying, voiding, draining;
clearing; vacating, evacuation │‫اخالء سبيله‬
i. sabīlihī; his release
‫ تخل‬takallin relinquishment,
abandonment, surrender, renunciation,
resignation (‫ عن‬of s.th.)
‫ اختالء‬iktilā’ privacy, solitude
‫ خال‬kālin empty, void; open, vacant (office,
position); free, unrestrained, untrammeled,
unencumbered; free (‫ من‬from), devoid (‫من‬
of) │in numerous compounds
corresponding to Engl. -less or un-, e.g.,
‫ خال من الفائدة‬useless, ‫( خال من السكان‬sukkān)
uninhabited, untenanted, unoccupied; ‫خالي‬
‫ الدين‬kālī d-dain not bound by, without
obligation to, free (‫ من‬from); ‫خالى البال‬
carefree, easygoing, happy-go-lucky; --
(pl. ‫ خوال‬kawālin) 260 past, bygone (time)
│‫ القرون الخالية‬the past centuries; ‫في االيام‬
‫ الخوالي‬fī l-ayyāmi l-kawālī in the days past
u (kamm, ‫ خموم‬kumūm) to exude a rotten,
foul smell; to rot, putrefy, decay
‫ خم‬kumm pl. ‫ اخمام‬akmām coop, chicken
coop, brooder; poultry pen
‫ خمة‬kamma putrid smell, stench
 ‫ خام‬kāmm stinking, rotten, putrid, foul-
smelling; kām look up alphabetically
‫ مخم‬mukimm stinking, rotten, putrid,
foul-smelling
‫ خمج‬kamija a (kamaj) to spoil, rot,
decay
‫ خمد‬kamada u (‫ خمود‬kumūd) to go out, die
(fire); to abate, subside, let up, calm
down, cease, die down IV to extinguish,
put out (‫ ھـ‬fire); to calm, appease, placate,
soothe, lull, still, quiet (‫ ھـ‬s.th.); to
suppress, quell (‫ ھـ‬s.th.); to subdue, soften,
deaden, dull (‫ ھـ‬s.th.); to stifle, smother,
kill (‫ ھـ‬s.th.; fig.)
‫ خمود‬kumūd extinction; decline,
degeneration, deterioration; quietness,
stillness, tranquility, calm; immobility,
motionlessness
‫ اخماد‬ikmād extinction, putting out;
calming, soothing, placation,
appeasement, lulling, stilling; subduing,
softening, dulling; settlement;
suppression, quelling (of a riot)
‫ خامد‬kāmid dying; abating, subsiding;
calm, tranquil, still, quiet
‫ خمر‬kamara u (kamr) and II to cover, hide,
conceal (٨ ‫ھـ‬.th.); to leaven, raise (‫ھـ‬
dough); to ferment (‫ ھـ‬s.th.), cause
fermentation (‫ ھـ‬in) III to permeate,
pervade (‫ ھـ‬s.th.), mix, blend (‫ ھـ‬with); to
possess, seize, overcome (‫ ه‬s.o., e.g., an
idea, a feeling) IV to leaven, raise (‫ھـ‬
dough); to ferment (‫ ھـ‬s.th.), cause
fermentation (‫ ھـ‬in); to harbor, entertain (‫ھـ‬
s.th.); to bear a grudge, feel resentment (‫ل‬
against s.o.) V to ferment, be in a state of
fermentation; to rise (dough); to veil the
head and face (woman) VI to conspire,
plot, collude, scheme, intrigue (‫على‬
against) VIII to ferment, be in a state of
fermentation; to rise (dough); to become
ripe, ripen (also fig.: an idea in s.o.’s
mind)
‫ خمر‬kamr m. and f., pl. ‫ خمور‬kumūr
wine; pl. alcoholic beverages, liquor
‫ خمرة‬kamra wine
‫ خمري‬kamrī golden brown, reddish
brown, bronze-colored (actually, wine-
colored)
‫ خمرية‬kamrīya pl. -āt wine poem,
bacchanalian verse
‫ خمار‬/fimar pl. ‫ اخمرة‬akmira, ‫ خمر‬kumur
veil covering head and face of a woman
‫ خمار‬kumār aftereffect of intoxication,
hang-over
‫ خمير‬kamīr leavened (dough); ripe,
mature, mellow; leaven; leavened bread
‫ خميرة‬kamīra pl. ‫ خمائر‬kamā’ir2 leaven;
ferment; barm, yeast; enzyme (chem.);
(fig.) starter, nucleus, basis (from which
s.th. greater develops)
‫ خمار‬kammār wine merchant, keeper of
a wineshop
‫ خمارة‬kammāra wineshop, tavern
‫ خمير‬kimmīr winebibber, drunkard,
tippler, sot
‫ تخمير‬takmīr leavening, raising (of
dough); fermenting, fermentation
‫ اختمار‬iktimār (process of) fermentation
‫ مخمور‬makmūr drunk, intoxicated,
inebriated
‫ مختمر‬muktamir fermenting, fermented;
alcoholic 261
‫ خمس‬II to quintuple, make fivefold, multiply
by five (‫ ھـ‬s.th.); to make pentagonal (‫ھـ‬
s.th.); to divide into five parts (‫ ھـ‬s.th.)
‫ خمس‬kums pl. ‫ خمس‬akmās one fifth │
‫ ضرب اخماسه في اسداسه‬ḍaraba akmāsahū fī
asdāsihī and ‫( ضرب اخماسا ألسداس‬li-
asdāsin) to rack one’s brain in search of a
way out; to be at one’s wit’s end; to
scheme, intrigue
‫ خمسة‬kamsa (f. ‫ خمس‬kams) five
‫ خمسة عشر‬kamsata ‘ašara (f. ‫خمس عشرة‬
kamsa ‘ašrata) fifteen
‫ خمسون‬kamsūn fifty │ ‫‘ عيد الخمسين‬īd al-
k. Whitsuntide, Pentecost; ‫ احد الخمسين‬aḥad
al-k. Whitsunday; ‫ أيام الخمسين‬ayyām al-
kamsīn the period of about 50 days
between Easter and Whitsuntide; □ ‫خمسين‬
and ‫ خماسين‬khamsin, a hot southerly wind
in Egypt
‫‘ عيد خمسين‬īd kamsīn 50th anniversary
 ‫ خميس‬kamīs and ‫ يوم الخميس‬yaum al-k.
Thursday │‫ خميس الجسد‬k. al-jasad Corpus
Christi Day (Chr.); ‫ خميس الفصح‬k. al-fiṣḥ,
‫ خميس األسرار‬k. al-asrār, and ‫ خميس العھد‬k.
al-‘ahd Maundy Thursday (Chr.)
‫ خماس‬kammās pl. ‫ خماسة‬kamāmisa
(magr.) sharecropper receiving one fifth
of the crop as wages
‫ خماسي‬kumāsī fivefold, quintuple;
consisting of five consonants (gram.) │
‫( خماسي‬zawāyā) pentagonal, five-cornered
‫ خميسة‬kumaisa (mor. Pronounced
kmīsa) ornament in the shape of a hand
(worn by women and children as a
talisman against the evil eye)
‫ الخامس‬al-kāmis the fifth
‫ مخمس‬mukammas pentagonal, five-
cornered; pentagon; fivefold, quintuple; O
pentameter
‫ خمش‬kamaša i u (kamš) and II to scratch (‫ھـ‬
e.g., the face, the skin, with the nails)
‫ خمش‬kamš pl. ‫ خموش‬kumūš scratch,
scratch mark, scar
‫ خماشة‬kumāša pl. -āt scratch, scar
‫ خمص‬kamaṣa u and kamiṣa a to be empty,
hungry (stomach)
‫ خميص‬kamīs ‫ خميص البطن‬k. al-baṭn,
‫ خميص الحشا‬k. al-ḥašā with an empty
stomach, hungry
2
‫ اخمص القدم‬akmaṣ al-qadam pl. ‫ اخامص‬akāmiṣ
hollow of the sale (of the foot) │ ‫من الرأس‬
‫ الى اخمص القدم‬from head to toe
‫ خمع‬kama‘a a (kam‘, ‫ خموع‬kumū‘) to limp,
walk with a limp
‫ خمل‬kamala u (‫ خمول‬kumūl) to be unknown,
obscure, undistinguished; to be weak,
languid
‫ خمل‬kami and ‫ خملة‬kamla nap, the
rough, hairy surface of a fabric; fibers
‫ خمل‬kamil languid, sluggish, dull,
listless
‫ خمول‬kumūl obscurity; weakness
lassitude, languor, lethargy; indolence,
sluggishness, inactivity; apathy,
indifference; sleepiness, drowsiness
‫ خميلة‬kamīla pl. ‫ خمائل‬kamā’il2 place
with luxuriant tree growth; thicket, brush,
scrub
‫ خامل‬kāmil unknown, obscure,
undistinguished, unimportant, minor;
weak, languid, sluggish
‫ مخمل‬mukmal velvet-like fabric, velvet
‫ مخملي‬mukmalī velvety │‫( جلد مخملي‬jild)
deerskin, buckskin
‫ خمن‬II to guess, conjecture, surmise; to make
conjectures (‫ ھـ‬as to); to assess, appraise,
estimate (‫ ھـ‬s.th.) 262
‫ تخمين‬takmīn appraisal, assessment,
estimation; ‫ تخمينا‬takmīnan and ‫على تخمين‬
approximately, roughly
‫ خمن‬mukammin appraiser, assessor
1
‫خن‬kanna i (‫ خنين‬kanīn) to speak nasally,
nasalize; to twang, speak through the nose
‫ خنة‬kunna nasal twang
‫ خنين‬kanīn twanging, nasal twang
‫ اخن‬akann2, f. ‫ خناء‬kanna’2 twanging,
speaking through the nose
2
‫ خن‬kunn (= ‫ خم‬kumm) pl. ‫ اخنان‬aknān coop.
chicken coop, brooder
‫ خنث‬kanita a to be soft, effeminate V to
display effeminate manners, become or be
effeminate
‫ خنث‬kanit oft, effeminate
‫ خنثى‬kuntā pl. ‫ خناث‬kināt, ‫ خناثى‬kanatā
hermaphrodite
‫ خنوثة‬kunūta effeminacy
‫ تخنث‬takannut effeminacy
‫ مخنث‬mukannat bisexual; effeminate;
powerless, impotent, weak
‫ خنجر‬kanjar pl. ‫ خناجر‬kanājir2 dagger
‫ خنخن‬kankana to nasalize, speak, nasally; to
twang, speak through the nose
‫ خندق‬kandaqa to dig a ditch or trench (‫ ;)خندقا‬to
take up positions, prepare for battle
‫ خندق‬kandaq pl. ‫ خنادق‬kanādiq2 ditch; trench
‫ خنزوانية‬kunzuwānīya megalomania
‫ خنزب‬kanzab Satan, Devil
‫ خنزير‬kinzīr pl. ‫ خنازير‬kanāzir2 swine, pig, hog;
‫( خنزير بري‬barrī) wild hoar; ‫ خنازير‬scrofula,
scrofulosis (med.)
‫ خنزيرة‬kinzīra sow
‫ خنازيري‬kanāzīrī scrofulous
‫ الخناس‬al-kannās epithet of the Devil (properly
speaking, he who withdraw, when the
name of God is mentioned)
‫ اخنس‬aknas f. ‫ خنساء‬kansā’2, pl. ‫خنس‬
kuns pug-nosed
‫ خنشار‬kinšār fern (bot.)
‫ خنوص‬kinnauṣ pl. ‫ خنانيص‬kanānīṣ2 piglet
‫ خنصر‬kinṣir pl. ‫ خناصر‬kanāṣir2 little finger │
‫ عقد الخنصر )الخناصر( على‬to give s.th. top-
rating because of its excellence, put s.th.
above everything else
‫ خنع‬kana‘a a (‫ خنوع‬kunū‘) to yield, surrender,
bow, stoop (‫ ل‬or ‫ الى‬to s.o.). humble o.s.,
cringe (‫ ل‬or ‫ الى‬before s.o.)
‫ خنوع‬kanū‘ submissive, servile, meek,
humble; treacherous, perfidious, disloyal
‫ خنوع‬kunū‘ submissiveness, meekness,
servility
‫ خنف‬kanaf (eg.) twanging, nasal twang
‫ خنفر‬kanfara to snuffle, snort
‫ خنفس‬kunfus and ‫ خنفساء‬kunfusā’2 pl. ‫خنافس‬
kanāfis2 dung beetle, scarab
‫ خنق‬kanaqa u (kanq) to choke (‫ ه‬s.o.); to
suffocate, stifle, smother, strangle,
throttle, choke to death (‫ ه‬s.o.); to throttle
down (techn.; ‫ ھـ‬s.th.); to slow down, cut,
check, suppress (‫ ھـ‬s.th.) III to quarrel,
have a fight (‫ ه‬with s.o.) VI to quarrel,
dispute, have a fight (‫ مع‬with s.o.) VII
pass. of I; VIII to he throttled, be
suppressed; to be tight, constricted
(throat); to be strangled, be choked to
death
‫ خنق‬kanq strangling, strangulation; throttling,
suppression │ ‫خنق األنوار‬k. al-anwāar dim-
out
‫ خنقة اليد‬kanqat (kunqat) al-yad wrist
‫ خناق‬kunāq suffocation; angina (med.); kunāq
and ‫ خانوق‬kānūq quinsy, diphtheria 263
(med.); pl. ‫ خوانق‬kawāniq2 and ‫خوانيق‬
kawānīq2 do.
‫ خناق‬kannāq choking, throttling, strangling
‫ مخنق‬maknaq neck, throat │‫ أخذه بمخنقه‬to grab
s.o. by the throat, bear down on s.o.; to
have power over s.o.
‫ خناق‬kināq strangling cord; neck, throat │‫ضيق‬
‫( الخناق على‬ḍayyaqa) to tighten the grip
around s.o.’s throat, tread on s.o.’s neck,
oppress s.o., beset s.o. grievously; ‫أخذ بخناقه‬
to grab s.o. by the throat
‫ خناق‬kināq and ‫ خناقة‬kināqa quarrel,
fight, row
‫ اختناق‬iktināq suffocation, asphyxiation;
constriction; asphyxia (med.)
‫ خانق‬kāniq choking, strangling;
suffocating, asphyxiating, stifling,
smothering; throttling, throttle· (in
compounds; tech.); (pl. ‫ خوانق‬kawāniq2)
choke coil, reactor (radio); gorge, ravine,
canyon │ ‫ غاز خانق‬asphyxiating gas;
‫ خانق الذئب‬k. ad-di’b wolfsbane,
monkshood, aconite (bot.)
‫ مخنوق‬maknūq strangled; suffocated,
stifled, smothered; suppressed, choking
(voice, laughter, etc.); constricted;
strangulated; throttled
‫ مختنق‬muktaniq crammed, jammed, crowded,
chock-full (‫ ب‬with)
(‫ خنو‬and ‫ خنى( خنا‬kanā u, ‫ خني‬kaniya a (‫خنى‬
kanan) to use obscene language IV to hit
hard, afflict grievously, wear down, ruin,
destroy, crush (‫ على‬s.o., s.th.; said of fate)
‫ خنى‬kanan obscene language; s.th.
indecent or obscene; prostitution;
fornication
‫ خواجة‬kawāja pl. -āt sir, Mr. (title and form of
address, esp., for Christians and
Westerners, used with or without the
name of the person so addressed)
‫ خوان‬kuwān, kiwān pl. ‫ اخونة‬akwina, ‫اخاوين‬
akāwīn2 table │‫ خوان الزينة‬k. az-zīna
dressing table
‫ خوجة‬kōga (eg.) teacher, schoolmaster
‫ خوخ‬II (eg.) to rot, decay, spoil
‫ خوخ‬kauk (coll.; n. un. ‫ )ة‬peach (eg.);
plum (syr.)
‫ خوخة‬kauka pl. kuwak skylight,
windowlike opening; wicket (of a canal
 lock, of a gate); (eg.) alley connecting two
streets
‫ خوذة‬kūda pl. -āt, ‫ خوذ‬kuwad helmet
1‫ )خار )خور‬kāra (‫ خوار‬kuwār) to low, moo
2
(cattle); -- ‫ خور‬kawira a (‫ خور‬kawar) and
‫ خار‬kāra u to decline in force or vigor; to
grow weak, spiritless, languid, to
languish, flag; to dwindle, give out
(strength)
‫ خور‬kaur pl. ‫ اخوار‬akwār, ‫ خيران‬kīrān
inlet, bay
‫ خور‬kawar weakness, fatigue,
enervation, languor, lassitude
‫ خوار‬kuwār lowing, mooing
‫ خوار‬kawwār weak, languid,
strengthless
2 fearful, timid, timorous; coward, poltroon
‫ خوري‬kūrī pl. ‫ خورنة‬kawārina parson, curate,
priest; see also under ‫خير‬
‫ خورس‬kūrus choir (of a church)
‫ خوزق‬kauzaqa to impale (‫ ه‬s.o.); to comer,
drive into a comer, get into a bad fix (‫ه‬
s.o.)
‫ خازوق‬see ‫خزق‬
‫ ورق خوشق‬waraq kaušaq wrapping paper;
blotting paper
1
‫ خوص‬kūṣ (coll.; n. un. ‫ )ة‬palm leaves
‫ خوصة‬kūṣa (eg.) plaitwork of palm
leaves (resembling that of Panama hats;
used as a tarboosh lining)
‫ خواصة‬kiwwāṣa art of palm-leaf plaiting
264
2
‫ خوص‬kawaṣ and ‫ اخوص‬see ‫خوص‬
3
‫ خويصة‬see ّ‫خص‬
1
‫ )خاض )خوض‬kāḍ u (kauḍ, ‫ خياض‬kiyāḍ) to
wade (‫ ھـ‬into water); to plunge, dive, rush
(‫ ھـ‬into s.th.), tackle courageously (‫ھـ‬
s.th.), embark boldly (‫ ھـ‬on); to penetrate (
‫ خول‬II to grant, accord, give, concede (‫ ھـ ه‬to
‫ ھـ‬or ‫ في‬into), become absorbed, engrossed
(‫ ھـ‬or ‫ في‬in); to go into a subject (‫)في‬, take
up (‫ في ھـ‬subject), deal (‫ في‬with) │‫خاض‬
‫( المعركة‬ma‘raka) to rush into battle; ‫خاض‬
‫( غمار الحرب‬gimāra l-ḥarb) to enter the war
‫ خوض‬kawḍ, plunge, rush (into);
entering, entry (into, e.g., into war, into
negotiations); penetration; search (‫في‬
into), examination, discussion, treatment (
‫ في‬of a subject)
‫ مخاضة‬makāḍa pl. -āt, ‫ مخاوض‬makāwiḍ2
ford
‫ مخاض‬see ‫مخض‬
‫ )خاف )خوف‬kāfa (1st pers. perf. kiftu) a (kauf,
‫ مخافة‬makāata, ‫ خيفة‬kīfata) to be frightened,
scared; to be afraid (‫ ه‬،‫ ھـ‬or ‫من‬. of), dread (
‫ ه‬،‫ ھـ‬or ‫ من‬s.o. or s.th.); to fear (‫ ه‬،‫ ھـ‬or ‫من‬
s.o., s.th.; ‫ على‬for s.o., for s.th.; ‫ ان‬that) II
and IV to frighten, scare, alarm, fill with
fear (‫ ه‬s.o.) V = I
‫ خوف‬kauf fear, dread (‫ من‬of); ‫خوفا‬
kaufan for fear (‫ من‬of), fearing (‫ على‬for)
‫ خيفة‬kīfa fear, dread (‫ من‬of)
‫ خواف‬kawwāf, ‫ خويف‬kawīf fainthearted,
‫ اخوف‬akwaf2 more timorous; more
dreadful, more to be feared
‫ مخافة‬makāfa fear, dread │‫مخافة ان‬
(makāfatan) for fear that ..., afraid that ...
‫ مخاوف‬makāwif2 (pl. zu ‫ )مخافة‬fears,
apprehensions, anxieties; horrors, dangers,
perils
‫ تخويف‬takwīf and ‫ اخافة‬ikāfa
intimidation, bullying, cowing,
frightening, scaring
‫ تخوف‬takawwuf fear, dread
‫ خائف‬kā’if pl. ‫ خوف‬kuwwaf fearful,
timid, timorous; scared, frightened,
alarmed (‫ من‬by); afraid (‫ من‬of); anxious (
‫ على‬about), apprehensive (‫ على‬for)
‫ مخوف‬makūf feared, dreaded;
dangerous, perilous
‫ مخيف‬mukīf fear-inspiring, frightful,
dreadful, terrible, horrible
‫ خاكى‬look up alphabetically
s.o. s.th., also ‫ ;ھـ ل‬esp., the right, the
power to do s.th.), bestow, confer (‫ھـ ه‬
upon s.o. s.th., also ‫)ھـ ل‬, vest, endow (‫ھـ ه‬
s.o. with s.th., also. ‫)ل‬
‫ خال‬kāl pl. ‫ اخوال‬akwāl, ‫ خؤول‬ku’ūl, ‫خولة‬
ku’ūla (maternal) uncle; -- (pl. ‫ خيالن‬kīlān)
mole, birthmark (on the face);

O patch, beauty spot
‫ خالة‬kāla pl. -āt (maternal) aunt
‫ خول‬kawal chattels, property, esp., that
consisting in livestock and slaves;
servants; (eg.) dancer; effeminate person,
sissy
‫ خولى‬kaulī supervisor, overseer (of a
plantation); gardener
‫ خؤولة‬ku’ūla relationship of the
maternal uncle
‫ مخول‬mukawwal authorized (‫ ب‬to)
‫ خام‬look up alphabetically
1
‫ )خان )خون‬kana u (kaun, ‫ خيانة‬kiyāna) to be
disloyal, faithless, false, treacherous,
perfidious, act disloyally, treacherously,
perfidiously (‫ ه‬toward s.o.); to betray (‫ه‬
s.o.); to cheat, dupe, gull, hoodwink (‫ه‬
s.o.), impose (‫ ه‬upon), deceive (‫زوجته‬
one’s wife); to fool, deceive, mislead 265
(‫ ه‬s.o.; said, e.g., of the memory); to
forsake, let down, desert (‫ ه‬s.o.); to fail (‫ه‬
s.o.; e.g., the voice, and the like); to fail to
keep (‫ ھـ‬e.g., a promise), break (‫عھدا‬
‘ahdan a contract) II to regard as or call
faithless, false, disloyal, treacherous,
dishonest, unreliable (‫ ه‬s.o.); to distrust,
mistrust (‫ ه‬s.o.) V to impair, harm, hurt,
prejudice (‫ ھـ‬s.th.) VIII to dupe, gull,
cheat, deceive, double-cross, betray (‫ ه‬s.o.)
X ‫ استخون‬istakwana to distrust, mistrust (‫ه‬
s.o.)
‫ خيانة‬kiyāna faithlessness, falseness,
disloyalty, treachery, perfidy; breach of
faith, betrayal; treason; deception, fooling
│‫ خيانة األمانة‬k. al-amāna breach of faith;
‫‘( خيانة عظمى‬uẓmā) high treason; ‫خيانة الوعود‬
breach of promise
‫ خؤون‬ka’ūn faithless, false, disloyal,
traitorous, treacherous, perfidious;
unreliable, tricky, deceptive
‫ خوان‬kawwān unreliable, faithless,
disloyal, treacherous, perfidious; traitor
‫ خائن‬kā’in pl. ‫ خوان‬kuwwān, ‫خونة‬
kawana disloyal, faithless, false,
unreliable, traitorous, treacherous,
perfidious; traitor
2 ‫ جواره‬... (jiwārihī) approx.: the Lord has
‫ خان‬and ‫ خانة‬look up alphabetically
3
‫ خوان‬look up alphabetically
1
‫ خوي‬kawā i (‫ خواء‬kawā’, ‫ خوى‬kawan) to be
empty, be hungry; -- kawiya a (‫خواء‬
kawā’) to be empty, bare, dreary, desolate,
waste
‫ خواء‬kawā’ and ‫ خوى‬kawan
emptinessv(of the stomach), hunger
‫ خاو‬kāwin empty, vacant; dreary, waste,
desolate │‫‘( خاو على عروشه‬urūšihī)
completely devastated; ‫ خاوى الوفاض‬k. l-
wifāḍ (= ‫ )خالى الوفاض‬with an empty pouch,
empty-handed, without a catch
‫ خوى‬III to join (‫ ه‬s.o.), join the company of (‫)ه‬,
accompany (‫ ه‬s.o.)
‫ خوي‬kuwaiy little brother
‫ خوة‬kuwa brotherliness, fraternity (=
‫ اخوة‬ukūwa)
‫ مخاو‬mukāwin brotherly, fraternal
‫ خيار‬kiyār (coll.; n. un. ‫ )ة‬cucumber │ ‫خيار شنير‬
k. šanbar (eg.) drumstick tree, purging
cassia (Cassia fistula; bot.); ‫ خيار قشة‬k.
qašša (eg.) gherkins, pickles
‫ )خاب )خيب‬kāba i (‫ خيبة‬kaiba) to fail, miscarry,
be without success, be unsuccessful; to be
frustrated, be dashed, be disappointed
(hopes); to go wrong II and IV to cause to
fail; to thwart, frustrate, fail, defeat (‫ھـ‬
s.th.); to disappoint, dash (‫ أماله‬āmālahū
s.o.’s hopes) V = I
‫ خيبة‬kaiba failure, miscarriage, defeat,
frustration; fizzle, flop; disappointment │
‫ ولد خيبة‬walad k., f. ‫ بنت خيبة‬bint k. (eg.) a
good-for-nothing, a ne’er-do-well
‫ خائب‬kā’ib failing; abortive, unsuccessful;
disappointed
‫ )خار )خير‬kāra i to choose, make one’s choice;
to prefer (‫ على ھـ‬s.th. to) II to make or let (‫ه‬
s.o.) choose (‫ بين‬between, ‫ في‬from), give (‫ه‬
s.o.) the alternative, option or choice (‫بين‬
between, ‫ في‬in); to prefer (‫ على ھـ‬s.th. to)
III to vie, compete (‫ ه‬with s.o.); to make or
let (‫ ه‬s.o.) choose, give (‫ ه‬s.o.) the choice,
option or alternative V to choose, select,
pick (‫ ه‬،‫ ھـ‬s.o., s.th.) VIII to choose, make
one’s choice; to choose, select, elect, pick
(‫ ه‬،‫ ھـ‬s.o., s.th.), fix upon s.o. or s.th. (،‫ھـ‬
‫ ;)ه‬to prefer (‫ على ھـ‬s.th. to) │‫اختار ﷲ الى‬
taken ... unto Himself X to seek or request
what is good or best (‫ )ھـ‬for o.s. (‫ ه‬from
s.o.); to consult an oracle, cast lots │‫استخار‬
‫ ﷲ في‬to ask God for proper guidance in
‫ خير‬kair pl. ‫ خيار‬kiyār, ‫ اخيار‬akyār good;
excellent, outstanding, superior,
admirable; better; best; - (pl. ٢٦٦ ‫خيور‬
kuyūr) good thing, blessing; wealth,
property; -- good, benefit, interest,
advantage; welfare; charity │‫ خير الناس‬the
best of all people; ‫ اخيار الناس‬،‫ خيار الناس‬the
beat people, the pick of the human race; ‫ھو‬
‫ خير منك‬he ill better than you; ‫ ھو خير لك‬it is
better for you; ‫ الخير كل الخير‬the very best;
‫‘( الخير العام‬āmm) the commonweal, general
welfare; ‫ دولة الخير العام‬welfare state; ‫لخير‬
for the benefit of; ‫ لخير انفسھم‬li-k. anfusihim
for their own good; ‫ اعمال الخير‬charitable
deeds; ‫ صباح الخير‬ṣabāḥ al-k. and ‫صباحك‬
‫ بالخير‬good morning! ‫( ذكره بالخير‬dakarahū)
to retain a good impression. of s.o.; to
speak well of s.o.
‫ خيري‬kairī charitable, beneficent,
benevolent, philanthropic │‫جمعية خيرية‬
(jam‘īya) charitable organization
‫ خيرية‬kairīya charity, charitableness,
benevolence, beneficence
‫ خير‬kayyir generous, liberal,
openhanded, munificent; charitable,
beneficent, benevolent; benign, gracious,
kind
‫ خيرة‬kaira pl. -āt good deed, good
thing; pl. ‫ خيرات‬resources, treasures (e.g.,
of the earth, of a country), boons,
blessings
‫ خيرة‬kīra and kiyara the best, choice,
prime, flower, pick, elite
‫ خيري‬kīrī gillyflower (bot.)
‫ اخير‬akyar 2, f. ‫ خيرى‬kīrā, ‫ خورى‬kūrā pl.
‫ اخاير‬akāyir2 better, superior
‫ خيار‬kiyār choice; option, exercise of
the power of choice (Isl. Law); refusal,
right of withdrawal (Isl. Law); the best,
choice, prime, flower, pick, elite; see also
alphabetically
‫ خياري‬kiyārī optional, facultative;
voluntary
‫ اختيار‬iktiyār choice; election (also pol.;
pl. -āt); selection; preference ( ‫على‬to);
option; free will (philos.); ‫ اختيارا‬iktiyāran
of one’s own accord, spontaneously,
voluntarily
‫ اختياري‬iktiyārī voluntary, facultative,
elective (studies)
‫ مخير‬mukayyar having the choice or
option
‫ مختار‬muktār free to choose, having the
choice or option (‫ في‬in), volunteering,
‫ مختارا‬muktāran (adv.) voluntarily,
spontaneously, of one’s own accord;
choice, select, exquisite; chosen,
preferred, favorite; a favorite; ‫مختارات‬
selection, selected writings, anthology;
(pl. ‫ مخاتير‬makātīr2) village chief, mayor of
a village (šyr., Leb., Ir.)
‫ خيزران‬see ‫خزر‬
‫ )خاس )خيس‬kāsa i (‫ خيس‬kais, ‫ خيسان‬kayasān) to
break (‫ ب‬an agreement, a promise)
‫ خيش‬kaiš sackcloth, sacking, canvas
‫ خيش‬kaiš place of sackcloth; (pl. -āt,
‫ خيش‬kiyaš) sack; straw mattress, pallet;
Bedouin tent
‫ خيشوم‬see ‫خشم‬
‫ )خاط )خيط‬kāṭa i (kaiṭ) and II to sew, stitch (‫ھـ‬
s.th.)
‫ خيط‬kaiṭ pl. ‫ خيوط‬kuyūṭ, ‫ اخياط‬akyāṭ,
‫ خيطان‬kīṭān thread; twine cord; pack-
thread, string; fiber │‫ خيط امل‬k. amal a
spark of hope, a thread of hope
‫ خيطي‬kaiṭī threadlike; fibrous
‫ خياط‬kiyāṭ needle
‫ خياط‬kiyāṭa swing; needlework,
tailoring, dressmaking │‫ آلة الخياطة‬sewing
machine
‫ خياط‬kayyāṭ pl. -ūn tailor
‫ خياطة‬kayyāṭa pl. -āt dressmaker; seam-
stress
‫ مخيط‬mikyaṭ needle
‫ خائط‬kā’iṭ tailor 267
1
‫ )خال )خيل‬kāl to imagine, fancy, think,
believe, suppose (‫ ان‬that); to consider,
deem, think (‫ ه ه‬s.o. to be …, ‫ ھـ ھـ‬s.th. to
be ...), regard (‫ ه ه‬s.o. as, ‫ ھـ ھـ‬s.th. as) II to
make (‫ الى‬s.o.) believe (‫ ان‬that), suggest (
‫ الى‬to s.o., ‫ ھـ‬s.th.), give s.o. (‫ )الى‬the
impression that (‫ھـ( │خيل اليه )له( ان‬
(kuyyila) he imagined, fancied, thought
that it seemed, it appeared to him that …;
‫( على مل خيلت‬kayyalat; ‫ النفس‬being
understood) as the heart dictates, i.e., as
chance will have it, at random,
unhesitatingly IV to be dubious, doubtful,
uncertain, intricate V to imagine, fancy (‫ھـ‬
s.th.); to present itself, reveal itself (‫ ل‬to
s.o.’s mind), become the object of
imagination. appear (= II kuyyila; ‫ ل‬to
s.o.) │‫( تخيل فيه الخير‬kaira) to suspect good
qualities in s.o., have an inkling of s.o.’s
good qualities, think well of s.o., have ‫ھـ‬
good opinion of s.o. VI to pretend (‫ ب ل‬to
s.o. s.th., that ...), act (‫ ل‬toward s.o., ‫ ب‬as
if); to feel self-important, be conceited; to
behave in pompous manner, swagger,
strut about; to conceive eccentric ideas,
get all kinds of fantastic notions, have ‫ھـ‬
bee in one’s bonnet; to appear dimly, in
shadowy outlines; to appear, show (‫على‬
on), hover (‫ على‬about; e.g., ‫ ھـ‬smile about
s.o.’s lips) flit (‫ على‬across, e.g., ‫ ھـ‬shadow
across s.o.’s face, etc.) VIII to feel self-
important, be conceited; to behave in ‫ھـ‬
pompous manner, swagger, strut about
‫ خيال‬kayāl pl. ‫ اخيلة‬akyil disembodied
spirit, ghost, specter; imagination;
phantom, apparition; phantasm, fantasy,
chimera, vision; shadow, trace, dim
reflection │‫ خيال الشك‬k. ašakk slightest
doubt; ‫ خيال الصحراء‬k. aṣ-ṣaḥrā’ scarecrow;
‫ خيال الظل‬k. aẓ-ẓill shadow play
‫ خيالة‬kayāl pl. -āt ghost, spirit,
specter; phantom; phantasm, fantasy,
chimera
‫ خيالي‬kayālī imaginary, unreal; ideal,
ideational, conceptual; utopian
2
‫ اخيل‬akyal more conceited, haughtier,
prouder
‫ اخيل‬akyal pl. ‫ خيل‬kīl, ‫ اخايل‬akāyil2 green
woodpecker
2
‫ خيالء‬kuyalā’ (f.) conceit,
conceitedness, haughtiness, pride; ‫الخيالء‬
al-kuyalā’ haughtily, proudly
‫ خيلولة‬kailūl conceit, conceitedness,
snobbery, arrogance, haughtiness
‫ مخيلة‬makīl conceit, conceitedness,
snobbery, arrogance, haughtiness; (pl.
‫ مخايل‬makāyil2) indication, sign, symptom,
characteristic; pl. ‫ مخايل‬visions, mental
images, imagery
‫ تخييل‬takyīl playacting │‫ فن التخييل‬fann
at-t. dramatic art
‫ تخيل‬takayyul pl. -āt imagination,
phantasy; delusion, hallucination, fancy,
whim, fantastic notion
‫ تخيلي‬takayyulī fantastic, fanciful,
imaginary
‫ اختيال‬iktiyāl pride; arrogance,
haughtiness
‫ مخيلة‬mukayyil imagination, phantasy
‫ مخيل‬mukīl dubious, doubtful, uncertain,
intricate, tangled, confused; confusing,
bewildering
‫ مختال‬muktāl conceited, haughty,
arrogant
2
‫ خيل‬II to gallop (on horseback)
‫ خيل‬kail (coll.) pl. ‫ خيول‬kuyūl horses;
horsepower, H.P. │‫ سباق الخيل‬horse racing,
horse race
‫ خيال‬kayyāl pl. ‫ة‬, -ūn horseman, rider
‫ خيالة‬kayyāl cavalry (Ir.; Eg. 1939)
‫ سرية خيالة‬sarīy kayyāl cavalry
squadron (Eg. 1939) 268
2
‫ خال‬see ‫خول‬
1
‫ خيم‬II to pitch one’s tent, to camp; to settle
down; to stay, linger, rest, lie down, lie (
‫ على‬on, ‫ فى‬or ‫ ب‬at ‫ ھـ‬place); (fig.) to reign
(e.g., calm, silence, peace, etc.; ‫ فى‬or ‫ ب‬at,
in), settle (‫ على‬over) V to pitch one’s tent;
to camp
‫ خيمة‬ḳaim pl. -āt, ‫ خيام‬ḳiyām, ‫خيم‬
ḳiyam tent; tarpaulin; arbor, bower;
pavilion
‫ خيم‬ḳayyām tentmaker
‫ خيم‬muḳayyam pl. -āt camping ground,
camp, encampment
2
‫ خيم‬ḳīm natural disposition, nature, temper,
character; inclination, bent, tendency│‫اخذ‬
‫( خيمه‬eg.) to fool s.o.’s pulse, sound s.o.
out
3
‫ خام‬look up alphabetically
□ ‫ خية‬ḳayya pl. -āt noose

‫د‬
‫ دأب‬da’aba a (da’b, da’b, ‫ دؤوب‬du’ūb) to
persist, persevere, be indefatigable,
untiring, tireless (‫ فى‬or ‫ على‬in s.th.); to go
in for s.th. (‫)على‬, apply o.s., devote o.s. (
‫ على‬to), practice eagerly (‫ على‬s.th.)
‫ دأب‬da’b pl. ‫ ادؤب‬ad’ub habit
‫ دأب‬da’b, da’ab and ‫ دؤوب‬du’ūb
persistence, perseverance, tirelessness,
indefatigability, assiduity, eagerness
‫ دئب‬da’ib and ‫ دائب‬dā’ib addicted,
devoted, persistent, assiduous, eager,
indefatigable, untiring, tireless (‫ على‬in)
‫ دؤوب‬da’ūb untiring, tireless,
indefatigable, persevering, persistent
‫ ادأب‬ad’ab2 more persistent, more
assiduous
‫ دادة‬dāda governess, dry nurse, nurse
‫ داغ‬dāg pl. -āt brand (made on cattle, etc.)
‫ دال‬dāl name of the letter ‫د‬
‫ داليا‬dāliyā dahlia(s) (bot.)
‫ دبج‬II to embellish, decorate, adorn, ornament (
‫ داما‬dāmā checkers│ ‫ لوحة الداما‬lauḥat ad-d.
checkerboard
‫ دامجانة‬see ‫دمجانة‬
‫( دانتيال‬Fr. dentelle) dantilla lace
‫ دانق‬dānaq, dāniq pl. ‫ دوانق‬dawāniq2 an ancient
coin. = 1/4 dirham; small coin; a square
measure (Eg.; = 4 sahm = 29.17 m2)
‫ دانمارك‬dannmark Denmark
‫ دانماركى‬danmarkī Danish
‫ الداننوب‬ad-dānūb the Danube
‫ داية‬dāya pl. -āt wet nrse; midwife
‫ دب‬dabba i (dabb, ‫ دبيب‬dabīb) to creep, crawl
(reptile); to proceed, advance, or move
slowly; to go on all fours; to enter (‫فى‬
s.th.), come (‫ فى‬into); to steal, creep (‫فى‬
‫ نفسه‬into s.o.’s heart; of a feeling, e.g.,
doubt); to spread (‫ فى‬over, in, through),
fill, pervade, invade (‫ فى‬s.th.) ; to gain
ground; to gain ascendancy (‫ فى‬in s.o.; of
a condition, an idea, a sensation); to
stream in, ruah in (of sensations, ‫ فى‬upon
s.o.)│ ‫( دب فيه دبيب الحياة‬d. al-ḥayāh) to gain
vitality II to sharpen, point, taper (‫ ھـ‬s.th.)
‫ دب‬dubb pl. ‫ ادباب‬adbāb, ‫ دببة‬dibaba
bear│ ‫(الدب االصغر‬aṣgar) Little Bear, Ursa
Minor (astron.); ‫( الدب االكبر‬akbar) Great
Bear, Ursa Major (astron.) 269
‫ دبي‬dubbī ursine
‫ دبة‬dabba sand hill, mound
‫ دبيب‬dabīb creeping, crawling;
infiltration; influx, inflow, flow (e.g., of
sensations, of life, of vigor); reptile
‫ دباب‬dabbāb creeping, crawling, repent,
reptant
‫ دبابة‬dabbāba pl. -āt tank, armored car
‫ مدب‬midabb: ‫من مدب النيل الى مصبه‬
(maṣabbihī) from the lower Nile to its
mouth
‫ دابة‬dābba pl. ‫ دواب‬dawābb2 animal,
beast; riding animal (horse, mule, donkey)
‫ دويبة‬duwaibba tiny animal, animalcule;
insect
‫مدبب‬mudabbab pointed, tapered
‫ ھـ‬s.th.); to put in good style, formulate,
compose, write down, put down in writing
(‫ ھـ‬s.th.)
‫ ديباج‬dībāj pl. ‫ دبابيج‬dabābīj2 silk
brocade
‫ ديباجة‬dībāja (n. un. of ‫ )ديباج‬brocade;
introductory verses or lines, proem,
preamble; face, visage; style, elegance of
style; renown, repute, standing, prestige
‫ تدبيج‬tadbīj embellishment, adornment,
ornamentation; composition, writing (of a
book)
‫ مدبجات‬mudabbajāt embellishments of
speech, fine figures of speech
‫ دبدب‬dabdaba to tread, tap
‫ دبدبة‬dabdaba sound of footsteps,
footfall, pitapat; pattering or clattering
noise; snapping, flapping noise
‫ دبدوبة‬dabdūba pl. ‫ دباديب‬dabādīb2 point,
tip, tapered end
1
‫ دبر‬dabara u (‫ دبور‬dubūr) to turn one’s back;
to elapse, pass, go by (time) II to make
arrangements, make plans (‫ ھـ‬for),
prepare, plan, organize, design, frame,
devise, concert, arrange, get up, bring
about (‫ ھـ‬s.th.); to hatch (‫ ھـ‬a plot, etc.); to
contrive, work up (‫ ھـ‬a ruse); to direct,
conduct, manage, run, engineer, steer,
marshal, regulate (‫ ھـ‬s.th.), be in charge (‫ھـ‬
of); to manage well, economize (‫ ھـ‬s.th.) │
‫( دبر خطة‬kiṭṭatan) to devise a plan; ‫دبر‬
‫ الشؤون‬to conduct the course of business,
be in charge IV to turn one’s back (‫ عن‬or
‫ على‬on s.o.); to flee, run away; to escape,
dodge; to slip away V to be prepared,
planned, organized, managed; to reflect,
ponder (‫ في‬or ‫ ھـ‬on); to consider, weigh,
contemplate (‫ في‬or ‫ ھـ‬s.th.); to treat or
handle with care, with circumspection (‫في‬
s.th.) VI to face in opposite directions,
stand back to back; to be contrary,
opposite, opposed; to be inconsistent,
incompatible X to turn the back (‫ ه‬on s.o.)
‫ دبر‬dubr, dubur pl. ‫ ادبار‬adbār rump
backside, buttocks, posteriors; rear part,
Rear, hindpart; back; last part, end, tail │
‫من دبر‬behind, at the back, in the rear; from
behind, from the rear; ‫ ولى دبره‬wallā
duburahū to turn one’s back; to flee, run
away
‫ دبري‬dabarī trailing behind, belated,
late
‫ دبرة‬dabra turn (of fate)
‫ دبور‬dabūr west wind
‫ دبور‬dabbūr pl. -āt dabābīr2 hornet;
wasp
‫ تدبير‬tadbīr pl. -āt planning,
organization; direction, management,
disposal, regulation; economy,
economization; -- (pl. ‫ تدابير‬tadābīr2)
measure, move, step │ ‫ تدبير المنزل‬t. al-
manzil housekeeping, household
management; ‫( تدبير منزلي‬manzilī) do.; ‫قام‬
‫ بالتدابير الالزمة‬and ‫اتخذ التدابير الالزمة‬
(ittakada,qāma) to take the necessary
measures
‫ ادبار‬idbār flight, retreat
‫ تدبر‬tadabbur reflection, meditation (‫في‬
on), thinking (‫ في‬about); consideration,
contemplation (‫ في‬of)
‫ تدابر‬taddbur disparity, dissimilarity,
contrast
‫ دابر‬dābir past, bygone (time); the
ultimate, utmost, extremity. end; root │
‫( قطع دابر الشيء‬dābira š-šai’) to eradicate,
root out s.th., suppress s.th. radically;
‫( باألمس الدابر‬amsi) sometime in the past;
‫( ذھب كأمس الدابر‬ka-amsi d-dābiri) to vanish
into thin air, disappear without leaving a
trace (actually: like yesterday gone by)
‫ مدبر‬mudabbir manager, director; ruler,
disposer; leader; ringleader │‫مدبر المكائد‬
schemer, intriguer, intrigant
‫ مدبر‬mudbir: ‫ مدبرا ومقبال‬mudbiran wa-
muqbilan from the rear and from in front
2
‫ دبارة‬dubāra (=‫ ) دوبارة‬packthread, string,
twine, cord, rope j thread
1
‫ دبس‬dibs sirup, molasses, treacle, esp. of
grapes
2
‫ دبوس‬dabbūs pl. ‫ دبابيس‬dabābīs2 pin; safety pin
│‫ دبوس انكليزي‬safety pin
‫ دبش‬dabaš junk, rubbish, trash; -- dabš
rubblestone, rubble; crushed rock (used as
substratum in macadamizing)
‫ دبغ‬dabaga a i u (dabg) to tan (‫ ھـ‬a hide)
‫ دباغة‬dibāga tanning, tanner’s trade
‫ دباغ‬dabbāg tanner
‫ مدبغة‬madbaga pl. ‫ مدابغ‬madābig 2
tannery
‫ دبق‬dabiqa a (dabaq) to stick, adhere (‫ ب‬to); to
cleave, cling (‫ ب‬to) II to catch with
birdlime (‫ ھـ‬a bird)
‫ دبق‬dibq birdlime
‫ دبق‬dabiq sticky, gluey, limy
‫ دبك‬dabaka u (dabk) to stamp the feet; to dance
the dabka (see below)
‫ دبكة‬dabka (syr.) a group dance in
which the dancers, lined up with looked
arms or holding hands, stamp out the
rhythm and sing
‫ دبلة‬dibla pl. ‫ دبل‬dibal ring
‫ دبلوم‬diblōm and ‫ دبلومة‬diblōma pl. -āt diploma
‫ دبلوماسي‬diblōmāsī diplomatic; diplomat
‫ دبلوماسية‬diblōmāsīya diplomacy
‫ دثر‬datara u (‫ دثور‬dutūr) to fall into oblivion,
be forgotten, become obsolete, antiquated,
extinct; to be blotted out, wiped out,
effaced, obliterated (track by the wind) II
to cover, envelop (‫ ه‬s.o.); to destroy,
annihilate (‫ ھـ‬s.th.) V to wrap o.s. (‫ في‬in),
cover o.s. (‫ في‬with) VII to be or become
wiped out, blotted out, effaced,
obliterated; to be old; to be forgotten, have
fallen into oblivion, be obsolete VIII
iddatara to wrap o.s. (‫ ب‬in), cover o.s. (‫ب‬
with)
‫ دثار‬ditār pl. ‫ دثر‬dutur blanket, cover
‫ مدثور‬madtūr past, bygone, ancient
(time)
‫ دج‬dajja i (dajj, ‫ دجيج‬dajīj) to walk slowly II
‫ دججه بالسالح‬to arm s.o. to the teeth
‫ دج‬dujj (syr.) thrush (zool.)
‫ دجة‬dujja intense darkness, pitch-
darkness
‫ دجاج‬dajāj (coll.) chickens; fowl (as a
generic designation)
‫ دجاجة‬dajāja (n. un.) hen; chicken │
‫دجاجة الحبش‬d. al-ḥabaš guinea fowl
‫ مدجج بالسالح‬mudajjaj bi-s-silāḥ heavily
armed, bristling with arms 271
‫ دجر‬dajira a (dajar) to be embarrassed, be at a
loss
‫ ديجور‬dajūr pl. ‫ دياجير‬dayājīr2 gloom,
darkness, dark
‫ ديجوري‬daijūrīi dark, gloomy
‫ دجل‬dajala u to deceive, dupe, cheat, take in (
‫ على‬s.o.); to be a swindler, a charlatan, a
quack II to coat, smear (‫ ھـ‬s.th.); to gild (‫ھـ‬
s.th.); to deceive, dupe, cheat, take in (‫على‬
s.o.), impose (‫ على‬on)
‫ دجل‬dajl deceit, trickery, humbug,
swindle
‫ دجال‬dajjāl pl. -ūn, ‫ دجاجلة‬dajājila
swindler, cheat, imposter; quack,
charlatan (fem. ‫ ;)دجالة‬Antichrist
‫ تدجيل‬tadjīl imposture, humbug;
charlatanry, quackery
2 roll, roll along; to roll down
‫ دجلة‬dijla the Tigris river
‫ دجن‬dajana u (dajn, ‫ دجن‬dujūn) to be dusky,
murky, gloomy (day); -- (dujūn) to
remain, stay; to get used, become
accustomed, become habituated; to
become tame, be domesticated II to tame;
to domesticate (‫ ھـ‬an animal) │ ‫دجنه لخدمة‬
‫( فالن‬li-kidmati f.) to put s.th. or s.o. to use
for s.o., make s.th. or s.o. of service to s.o.
III to flatter, cajole, coax, wheedle, try to
win or entice by gentle courtesy (‫ ه‬s.o.) IV
to be murky, gloomy, overcast (day); to be
dark (night)
‫ دجنة‬dujna, dujunna darkness,
gloominess, gloom
‫ ادجن‬adjan2 dark
‫ داجن‬dājin tame, tamed, domesticated
(animal); dark, gloomy │ ‫حيوانات داجنة‬
(ḥayawānāt) domestic animals
‫ دواجن‬dawājin2 poultry
‫ )دجا )دجو‬dajā u to be dark, gloomy, dusky; to
overshadow, cover, veil, shroud, blanket (
‫ ھـ‬s.th.), spread (‫ ھـ‬over) III to play the
hypocrite, JlOIl'l as a friend (‫ ه‬of s.o.); to
cajole, flatter (‫ ه‬s.o.)
‫ دجى‬dujan gloom, darkness, duskiness
‫ دياج الليل‬dayājī l-lail dark of night
‫ مداجاة‬mudājāh hypocrisy; flattery,
adulation, sycophancy
‫ داج‬dājin dark, gloomy
‫ دحدح‬II tadaḥdaḥa to waddle
‫ دحدح‬daḥdaḥ and ‫ دحداح‬daḥdāḥ dumpy,
squat, stocky
‫ دحر‬daḥara a (daḥr, ‫ )دحور‬to drive away, chase
away (‫ ه‬s.o.); to dislodge, remove (‫ ه‬s.o.);
to defeat (‫ ه‬an army) VIII to be driven
away, be routed, be repelled, be thrown
back; to be defeated (army); to go under,
go to ruin, succumb, break down, collapse
‫ اندحار‬indiḥār banishment, rejection;
(pl. -āt) defeat (mil.); ruin, fall, break-
down, collapse; catastrophe │‫اندحار الكون‬
ind. al-k. end of the world
‫ مدحور‬madḥūr routed, repelled;
expelled, cast out; ostracized, banished
‫ دحرج‬daḥraja to roll (‫ ھـ‬s.th.) II tadaḥraja to
‫ داحس‬dāḥis pl. dawāḥis whitlow, felon (med.)
‫ دحس‬daḥasa a (daḥs) to insert, thrust in, shove
in, foist in, smuggle in VII to interfere,
meddle; to mix
‫ دحض‬daḥāḍa a to be invalid, void, untenable
(argument); to disprove, refute, invalidate
(‫ ھـ‬an argument) II and IV to disprove,
refute, invalidate (‫ ھـ‬an argument)
‫ دحض‬daḥḍ refutation, disproof
‫ دحوض‬duḥūḍ: invalidity, shakiness,
weakness, refutability (of an argument or
a claim)
‫ مدحاض‬miḍḥāḍ: ‫( دعوى مدحاض‬da‘wā) an
invalid, unjustified claim 273
‫ )دحا )دحو‬daḥā u (daḥw) to spread out, flatten,
level, unroll
O ‫ مدحى‬midḥan pl. ‫ مداح‬madāḥin roller,
steamroller
‫ ادخر‬iddakara, ‫ مدخرة‬see ‫ذخر‬
‫ دخس‬dukas dolphin
‫ دخل‬dikala u (‫ دخول‬dukūl) to enter (‫ھـ‬, less
frequently ‫في‬, also ‫الى‬, s.th.), go, step,
walk, move, come, get (‫ الى‬،‫ في‬،‫ ھـ‬into); to
penetrate, pierce (‫ الى‬،‫ في‬،‫ ھـ‬s.th.); to take
possession of s.o. (‫)ه‬, befall, seize (‫ ه‬s.o.;
e.g., doubt); to take up (‫ خدمة‬a post), start
at a job; to enter s.o.’s (‫ )على‬room or
house, drop in on s.o. (‫)على‬, come to see
s.o. (‫ ;)على‬to call on s.o. (‫ ;)على‬to
consummate the marriage, cohabit, sleep
(", or ‫ على‬with a woman); to come (‫على‬
over s.o.; e.g., joy); (gram.) to be added (
‫ على‬to); to supervene, enter as a new
factor, aspect, element, etc. (‫ على‬upon
s.th.), be newly introduced (‫ على‬into s.th.);
to make one’s own, acquire (‫ على‬s.th.); to
join, enter (‫ ھـ‬or ‫ في‬e.g., a religious
community); to participate, take part (‫ھـ‬
in); to set in, begin (time, event); to be
included (‫ في‬in; ‫ ضمن‬ḍimna), fall, come (
‫ تحت‬,‫ ضمن‬،‫ في‬under), belong, pertain (،‫في‬
‫ تحت‬،‫ ضمن‬to), be within s.th. (,‫ ضمن‬،‫في‬
‫ ;)تحت‬pass.: dukila to be sickly, diseased,
abnormal │‫( دخل على األمر تعديل‬ta’dīlun) the
matter has undergone modification; ‫دخل‬
‫( الخدمة‬kidma) to take up one’s post, start
at a job, report for work; ‫دخل المدرسة‬
(madrasa) to enter school; ‫دخل الميناء‬
(mīnā’) to enter the harbor, put in; ‫دخل‬
‫ الموضوع‬to come to the point; ‫دخل في عقله‬
‫ ))في جسمه‬dukila fī ‘aqlihi (fī jismihī) to
suffer from a mental (physical)
disturbance II to make or let enter, bring
in, let in (‫ ه‬،‫ ھـ‬s.o., s.th.); to enter, insert,
include (‫ ه‬s.th., ‫ في‬or ‫ ھـ‬in) III to come
over s.o. (‫)ه‬, befall, seize (‫ ه‬s.o.; e.g.,
doubt, suspicion, despair) IV to make or
let enter, bring in, let in, admit, lead in,
show in (‫ ه‬s.o.); to move, take, haul (‫على‬
or ‫ في ھـ‬s.th. into); to incorporate, include,
embody, insert (‫ في‬or ‫ ھـ ھـ‬s.th. in); to
cause to set in, bring about, produce, set
off, trigger (‫ على ھـ‬s.th. in); to introduce (‫ھـ‬
s.th., e.g., an innovation, an improvement,
‫ على‬in or on s.th.) │‫( ادخله المدرسة‬madrasa)
to send s.o. to school; ‫ ادخل تغييرا على‬to
bring about a change in ...; ‫ادخلت عليه‬
‫( تعديالت‬udkilat) the matter was subjected
to modifications V to meddle (‫ في‬in),
interfere (‫ في‬in, with); to interpose,
intervene (‫ في‬in); to invade (‫ في‬s.th.),
intrude, obtrude (‫ في‬on), disturb (‫ في‬s.th.);
to interlock, mesh, gear VI to meddle (‫في‬
in, e.g., ‫ في شؤونه‬in s.o.’s affairs), butt in (
‫ في الحديث‬on a conversation); to interfere (
‫ في‬in, with), interpose, intervene (‫ في‬in); to
interlock, mesh, gear; to be superimposed;
to intergrade, shade, blend (‫ ببعض‬or ‫بعضه‬
‫ في بعض‬one into the other); to come over
s.o. (‫)ه‬, befall, strike, seize (‫ ه‬s.o.; e.g.,
doubt. grief)
‫ دخل‬dakl income; revenues, receipts,
returns, takings (as opposed to karj);
interference, intervention; doubt,
misgiving │‫ ضريبة الدخل‬income tax; ‫ليس له‬
‫( اي دخل فيه‬ayyu daklin) and ‫ ال دخل به‬or ‫له‬
‫( فيه‬dakla) he should not meddle in ..., he
has nothing to do with ..., it is none of his
business
‫ دخل‬dakal disturbance, derangement,
disorder, imbalance, or defect of the mind;
defect, infirmity
‫ دخلة‬dikla intrinsic nature, essence;
inner self, innermost, heart, soul (of a
person); secret intention │‫ راجع دخلته‬rāja‘a
diḳlatahū to commune with o.s., search
one’s soul
‫ دخلة‬dukla: ‫ ليلة الدخلة‬lailat ad-d.
wedding night
‫ دخلة‬dukkala a variety of warbler 273
 ‫ دخيل‬dakī1 inner, inward, internal; inner
self, heart, core; -- (pl. ‫ دخالء‬dukalā’2)
extraneous; foreign, alien; exotic;
foreigner, alien, stranger; not genuine,
false, spurious; newly added (‫ على‬to);
novice; (new) convert; guest; protégé,
charge, ward │‫( كلمة دخيلة‬kalima), ‫لفظ دخيل‬
(lafẓ) foreign word or expression; (syr.-
pal.) ‫( دخيلك‬dakīlak) please, if you please
‫ دخيلة‬dakīla pl. ‫ دخائل‬dakā’il2 inner self,
inmost being, intrinsic nature, essence;
heart, soul │‫ في دخيلة نفسه‬inwardly, inside,
in his heart; ‫ دخائل نفوسنا‬our inmost being;
‫ دخائل األمور‬the underlying nature of things,
the factors at the bottom of things; ‫دخائل‬
‫ شؤونه‬d. šu’ūnih his private affairs, (of a
country, etc.) its internal affairs
‫ دخول‬dukūl entry, entranoe, admission;
entering, ingress; beginning, setting in;
penetration; intrusion, invasion; first
coition in marriage (Isl. Law) │‫دخول الحرب‬
d. al-ḥarb entry into war
‫ دخولية‬dukūlīya octroi, city toll
‫ دخل‬madkal pl. ‫ مداخل‬madākil2 entrance;
hallway, vestibule, anteroom; entrance
hall, lobby, foyer; mouth (of a port, of a
canal); O anode (el.); introduction (to a
field of learning); behavior, conduct │
‫( مدخل السيارات‬sayyārāt) driveway; ‫مدخل‬
‫ لدراسة القانون‬introduction to the study of
law; ‫ حسن المدخل‬ḥusn al-m. good manners,
good conduct
‫ مداخلة‬mudākala interference,
intervention; participation, interest (‫ في‬in)
‫ ادخال‬idkāl leading in, showing in,
bringing in, taking in, hauling in;
involvement, implication; insertion,
interpolation, incorporation, inclusion;
introduction (e.g., of a constitution; of an
improvement, ‫ على‬on an apparatus, or the
like)
‫ تدخل‬tadakkul entry, entrance; invasion;
interference (‫ في‬with, in), intervention;
intrusion, obtrusion │ ‫‘ عدم التدخل‬adam at-
t. noninterference, nonintervention (pol.)
‫ تداخل‬tadākul interference, intervention;
interlock, meshing, gearing;
superimposition; intergradations;
permeation, pervasion; O interference
(phy.)
‫ داخل‬belonging, pertaining (‫ في‬to), falling (‫في‬
under), included (‫ في‬in); inner, inward,
inside, interior, internal; inside, interior
(of s.th.); dākila (prep.) within, inside, in;
‫ داخال‬dākilan inside (adv.) │‫ من الداخل‬from
within; from the inside
‫ داخلة‬dākila pl. ‫ دواخل‬dawākil2 interior, inside,
inmost, hidden part; ‫ الداخلة‬the Dakhla
oasis (in central Egypt)
‫ داخلي‬dākilī inner, inward; internal; interior,
inside; domestic, home, inland (as
opposed to ‫ خارجي‬kārijī external, foreign;
pol.); indigenous, native; private;
belonging to the house; ‫ داخليا‬dākilīyan
inside (adv.) │‫ تالميذ داخلية‬boarding
students (as opposed to ‫ خارجية‬day
students); ‫( حرب داخلية‬ḥarb) civil war;
‫( مدرسة داخلية‬madrasa) boarding school;
‫ مالبس داخلية‬underwear; ‫ مالحة داخلية‬inland
navigation
‫ داخلية‬dākilīya interior │‫ داخلية البالد‬the interior
of the country, the inland; ‫وزارة الداخلية‬
ministry of the interior; ‫وزير الداخلية‬
minister of the interior
‫ مدخول‬madkūl sickly, diseased, abnormal;
(mentally) disordered; of weak character,
spineless; (pl. ‫ مداخيل‬madākīl2) revenue,
receipts, takings, returns
‫ دخمس‬dakmasa (‫دخمسة‬, dakmasa) to fool (‫على‬
s.o.) about one’s real intentions, pull the
wool over s.o.’s (‫ )على‬eyes; to cheat; to be
sly, crafty, artful
‫ دخمسة‬dakmasa deception, fooling, trickery;
cunning, craft, slyness 274
‫ دخن‬dakina a to be smoky; to taste or smell of
smoke; -- dakina a u to smoke, emit
smoke (fire) II to fumigate, fume (‫ ھـ‬s.th.);
to smoke, cure with smoke (‫ ھـ‬foodstuffs);
to smoke (‫ ھـ‬a cigarette, tobacco, a pipe)
IV to smoke, emit smoke (tire) V to be
smoked, be cured with smoke; to be
fumigated
‫ دخن‬dukn pearl millet, dukhn
‫ دخن‬dakan smoke, fume, vapor
‫ دخان‬dukān (dukkān) pl. ‫ ادخنة‬adkina
smoke, fume, vapor; tobacco
‫ دخنة‬dukna smoke color; a kind of
incense (Calamus aromatious)
 O ‫ دخينة‬dakīna cigarette
‫ دخاخني‬dakākinī (eg., tun.) tobacconist
‫ دخن‬madkana pl. ‫ مداخن‬madākin2
chimney, smokestack, funnel
‫ تدخين‬tadkīn fumigation; smoking (e.g.,
of fish); (tobacco) smoking
‫ داخنة‬dākina pl. ‫ دواخن‬dawākin2
‫ درابزين‬darābazīn railing, parapet, banisters,
chimney, smokestack, funnel
‫ مدخن‬mudakkin smoker
‫ دراج‬Durrës (It. Durazzo, seaport in W
‫ ديدبان‬look up alphabetically
‫ ديدن‬daidan habit, practice
‫ ددى‬III to pamper, spoil (‫ ه‬a child)
‫ در‬darra i u (darr) to flow copiously; to
stream, flow, well; to accrue (‫ على‬to s.o.;
profit, wealth); to be abundant, plentiful
IV to cause to flow; to bestow lavishly,
heap (‫ على ه‬s.th. upon s.o.), shower,
overwhelm (‫ على ه‬with s.th. s.o.); to yield (
‫ ھـ‬a profit, ‫ على‬to s.o.) X to stream, flow;
to be abundant; to cause or try to bring
about the abundant flow of (‫ ;)ھـ‬to cause
s.th. (‫ )ھـ‬to yield in abundance; to be out
for s.th. (‫)ھـ‬, seek to gain (‫ ھـ‬a profit), try
to make (‫ ھـ‬a living)
‫ درر‬darr milk; achievement,
accomplishment │‫ دره‬li-llāhi darruhū
(literally: his achievement is due to God)
how capable, how good, how excellent he
is!
‫ در‬durr (coll.) pearls
‫ درة‬durra (n. un.) pl. -āt, ‫ درر‬durar
pearl; -- a variety of parrot (Psittacus
A1exandri L.)
‫ دري‬durrī glittering, twinkling, brilliant
(star)
‫ درة‬dirra, darra pl. ‫ درر‬dirar teat; udder
‫ مدرار‬midrār showering abundant rain
(sky, cloud); spouting, pouring forth,
welling out
‫ دار‬dārr flowing copiously; productive,
rich, lucrative; profitable
‫ مدر‬mudirr: ‫( مدر البول‬baul) diuretic(al),
pl. ‫ مدرات البول‬diuretics; ‫‘( مدر العرق‬araq)
sudorific
‫ درأ‬dara’a (dar’) to reject (‫ ھـ‬s.th.); to avert,
ward off (‫ ھـ‬s.th., e.g., ‫ خطرا‬kaṭaran a
danger, ‫ عن‬from) VI iddāra’a to contend (
‫ في‬for)
‫ درء‬dar’ repulsion, prevention,
averting; warding off, parrying
‫ دريئة‬darī’a pl. -āt target
balustrade
Albania)
‫ دراق‬durrāq (syr.) peach
‫ درامي‬dərāmī dramatic
‫ درب‬dariba a (darab, ‫ درب‬durba) to be
accustomed, be used (‫ ب‬to), be practiced,
trained, skilled (‫ ب‬in) II to habituate,
accustom (‫ ه‬،‫ ھـ‬s.o.) s.th., ‫ في‬or ‫ ب‬or ‫على‬
to); to practice, drill (‫ ه‬s.o., ‫ على ب‬or ‫على‬
in); to school, train, coach, tutor (‫ ه‬s.o., ،‫في‬
‫ ب‬or ‫ على‬in) V to be accustomed, be used (
‫ على‬or ‫ في‬to); to be or become 275
practiced, skilled, trained, drilled,
schooled (‫ على‬or ‫ فى‬in); to train (athlet.)
‫ درب‬darb pl. ‫ دروب‬durūb narrow
mountain pass; path, trail, track; road;
alley, lane│‫ درب التبانة‬d. at-tabbāna the
Milky Way
‫ دربة‬durba habituation, habitude, habit;
familiarity (with s.th.), experience; skill,
practice
‫ دريبة‬darība court of first instance (Tun.)
‫ تدريب‬tadrīb habituation, accustoming;
practice; drill; schooling, training,
coaching, tutoring│ ‫التدريب العسكري‬
(‘askarī) military training
‫ مدرب‬mudarrib pl. -ūn instructor, drill
instructor; trainer, coach (atthlet.); tamer
(of wild animals)
‫ مدرب‬mudarrab experienced; practiced,
skilled; trained; schooled
‫ درازين‬darābazīn and ‫ درزين‬darbazīn railing,
parapet, banisters, balustrade
‫ دربس‬darbasa to bolt (‫ ھـ‬a door)
‫ درباس‬dirbās pl. ‫ درابيس‬darābīs2 bolt,
doorbolt
‫ دربكة‬darabukka (eg.), dirbakka (syr.) pl. –āt
darabukka, a conical, one-headed hand
drum, open at the small end
‫ دربكة‬darbaka banging or rattling noise,
din, uproar, turmoil
‫ درج‬daraja u (‫ دروج‬durūj) to go, walk, move,
proceed, advance (slowly); to approach
gradually, step by step (‫ الى‬s.th.); to follow
a course (‫)على‬, proceed along the lines of (
‫)على‬, proceed in such and such a manner (
‫ ;)على‬to go away, leave, depart; to outgrow
(‫ من‬a nest, a habitation); to be past,
bygone, over (time); to have passed away,
be extinct; to circulate, be in circulation,
be current, have currency; to grow up
(child); -- (darj) to roll up, roll together (‫ھـ‬
s.th.); to wrap, wind, twist (‫ على ھـ‬s.th.
around); -- darija a to rise or advance step
by step│‫ درج العرف على‬daraja l-‘urfu ‘alā
it has become the general practice to ... II
to make (‫ ه‬s.o.) rise or advance by steps,
promote (‫ ه‬s.o.) by degrees; to move or
bring (‫ ھـ‬s.th.) gradually closer (‫ الى‬to); to
approximate (‫ الى ھـ‬s.th. to); to roll up, fold
up (‫ ھـ‬s.th.); to circulate, put into
circulation (‫ ھـ‬s.th.), give currency (‫ ھـ‬to
s.th.), make (‫ ھـ‬s.th.) the general practice;
to divide into degrees, steps or grades,
graduate, grade, gradate (‫ ھـ‬s.th.); to insert,
include, enter (‫ فى ھـ‬s.th. in) III to go, keep
up (‫ ھـ‬with, e.g., with the time, with a
fashion) IV to insert, include, incorporate,
embody (‫ فى ھـ‬s.th. in); to enter, register (
‫ فى ھـ‬s.th., e.g., in a list), book (‫ ھـ‬s.th.) V
to progress by steps, advance gradually; to
proceed step by step (‫ الى‬to); to make
progress (‫ فى‬in); to graduate, grade, be
graded, graduated, gradated VII to be
inserted, entered, incorporated, embodied,
included (‫ فى‬in); to be classified (‫ فى‬in,
‫ تحت‬under) X to make (‫ ه‬s.o.) advance or
rise gradually, promote (‫ ه‬s.o.) by degrees;
to lead (‫ ه‬s.o.) gradually (‫ الى‬to), bring (‫ه‬
s.o.) around to (‫ ل‬،‫ ;)الى‬to bait, allure (‫ه‬
s.o.); to entice, tempt, lure into destruction
(‫ ه‬s.o.)
‫ درج‬darj entry, entering, registering,
registration, recording; a rolled or folded
paper; roll, scroll│ ‫ فى درج الكتاب‬in the
book; ‫ فى درج الكالم‬d. il-kalām in the course
of the talk
‫ درج‬durj pl. ‫ ادراج‬adrāj drawer (of a
table, desk, etc.); desk (e.g., for pupils in
school)
‫ درج‬daraj pl. ‫ ادراج‬adrāj way, route,
course; flight of steps, stairs, staircase│
‫ رجع ادراجه‬raja‘a adrājahū (also ‫)عاد ادراجه‬
to retrace one's steps, go back the way one
came; to go back, turn back; 276 ‫ذھب ادراج‬
‫( الرياح‬adrāja r-riyāḥ) to go the ways of
the winds, i.e., to pass unnoticed, without
leaving a trace; to end in smoke, come to
nothing, be futile, be in vain
‫ درجة‬daraja pl. -at step, stair; flight of
steps, stairs, staircase; degree, step, tone
(of a scale; mus.); degree (math., geogr.;
of temperature); grade, fate; degree, order,
rank; club (also, e.g., in trains, of a
decoration); phase state, stage (of a
development); mark, grade (in school)│
‫ درجة الحرارة‬d. al-ḥarāra (degree of)
temperature; ‫‘( الدرجات العليا‬ulyā) the
maximal temperatures; ‫الدرجات السفلى‬
(suflā) the minimal temperatures; ‫درجة‬
‫ الطول‬d. aṯ-ṯūl degree of longitude
(geogr.); ‫‘( )درجة علمية )جامعية‬ilmīya,
jāmi’īya) academic degree; ‫ درجة العقل‬d.
al-'aql level of intelligence, IQ; ‫دفتر‬
‫ الدرجات‬report card (in school); (‫من )فى‬
‫( الدرجة االولى‬ūlā) first-rate, first-class; ‫ذو‬
‫ درجة‬of superior quality, high-grade, high-
class; ‫( لدرجة ان‬li-darajati) to the extent
that ... ; to such an extent that ...; to much
that ...
‫ دراج‬durrāj pl. ‫ دراريج‬darārīj2 francolin
(zool.); see also alphabetically
‫ تدرج‬tadruj2, ‫ تدرجة‬tadruja pheasant
‫ دراجة‬darrāja pl. -at bicycle│‫دراجة نارية‬
motorcycle
‫ مدرج‬madraj pl. ‫ مدارج‬madārij2 way that
one follows or pursues; course, route;
road, path; starting point, outset, rise,
growth, birth, dawn, beginning(s); tarmac,
runway (of an airfield); (as also mudarraj)
amphitheater; (amphitheatered)
auditorium or lecture room; grandstand,
bleachers│ ‫ منذ مدرجه‬since its beginnings;
‫ مدرج نشأته‬naš’atihī the place where he
grew up; ‫( سار فى مدارج الرقي‬m. ir-ruqīy) to
travel the road of progress

‫ تدريج‬tadrīj graduation; classification,
categorization; gradation│ ‫ مع‬،‫على التدريج‬
‫ بالتدريج‬،‫ التدريج‬gradually, by and by, by
degrees, by steps, step by step, more and
more
‫ تدريجى‬tadrījī gradual, gradatory,
progressive; ‫ تدريجيا‬tadrījīyan gradually,
by and by, by steps, by degrees, in stages
‫ ادراج‬idrāj insertion, interpolation,
incorporation; entry, registration,
recording (‫ فى‬in a list)
‫ تدرج‬tadarruj gradual advance or
progress; gradation, graduation│ ‫بالتدرج‬
gradually, by and by; ‫ تدرج ارتقائه‬t.
irtiqā’ihi his gradual rise
‫استدراج‬istidrāj capability of gradually
winning s.o. over, persuasiveness, art of
persuasion
‫دراج‬darrāj current, prevalent,
widespread, popular, common, in vogue,
circulating, in circulation│ ‫الكالم الدراج‬
(kalām) and ‫( اللغة الدارجة‬luga) the popular
language, colloquial language
‫ مدرج‬mudarraj graded, graduated; -- (pl.
-āt) open staircase, open-air stairs, fliers,
stoop; grandstand, bleachers;
amphitheater; (amphitheatered)
auditorium or lecture room
‫ مدرج‬mudrai inserted, interpolated,
incorporated; entered, registered;
contained, included (‫ ب‬,‫ فى‬in), comprised (
‫ ب‬,‫ فى‬by)
‫ درد‬darida a (darad) to become toothless, lose
one’s teeth
‫ ادرد‬adrad2 toothless
‫ دردى‬durdī sediment, dregs, lees
‫ دردبيس‬dardabīs ugly old woman. hag
‫ دردرة‬dardara roar, rush (of water); idle talk,
prattle, chatter
‫ دردار‬dardār elm (bot.)
‫ دردور‬durdūr eddy, whirlpool, vortex
‫ دردش‬dardaša idle talk, prattle, chatter 277
1
‫ درز‬daraza u to sew, stitch
‫ درز‬darz pl. ‫ دروز‬durūz seam, hem;
suture
2
‫ درزى‬durzī pl. ‫ دروز‬durūz Druse│‫جبل الدروز‬
jabal ad-d. the Jebel ed Druz, the
mountainous homeland of the Druses in S
Syria
‫ درس‬darasa u (dars) to wipe out, blot out,
obliterate, efface, extinguish (‫ ھـ‬s.th.); to
thresh (‫ ھـ‬grain); to learn, study (‫ ھـ‬s.th.,
‫ على‬under s.o.), ‫‘( درس العلم على‬ilm) to study
under (a teacher, a professor); -- u (‫دروس‬
durūs) to be effaced, obliterated, blotted
out, extinguished II to teach; to instruct (‫ه‬
s.o., ‫ ھـ‬in s.th.); III to study (‫ ه‬together
with s.o.) VI to study (‫ ھـ‬s.th.) carefully
together VII to become or he wiped out,
blotted out, effaced, obliterated,
extinguished
‫ درس‬dars effacement, obliteration,
extinction; -- (pl. ‫ دروس‬durūs) study,
studies; lesson, chapter (of a textbook);
class, class hour, period; lecture; lesson
(taught by experience, etc.)│ ‫القى دروسا عن‬
(alqā) to lecture on ... ; ‫( اعطى دروسا‬a‘ṯā)
to give lessons; ‫( دروس منزلية‬manzilīya)
homework (of a pupil or student)
‫ دراس‬dirās threshing (of grain)
‫ دراسة‬dirasa pl. -āt studies; study│ ‫دراسة‬
‫‘( عالية‬āliya) collegiate studies; ‫دراسة ثانوية‬
(tānawīya) attendance of a secondary
school, secondary education, high-school
education; ‫( دراسة متوسطة‬mutawassiṯa)
secondary education, high-school
education (Syr.)
‫ دراسى‬dirāsī of or pertaining to study or
studies; scholastic, school; instructional,
educational, teaching, tuitional│ ‫رسوم‬
‫ دراسية‬tuition fees; ‫( سنة دراسية‬sana)
academic year; scholastic year, school
year
‫ دريس‬darīs dried clover
‫‘ عمال الدريسة‬ummāl ad-darīsa (eg.)
railroad section gang, gandy dancers
‫ دراس‬darrās pl. -ūn (eager) student
O ‫ دراسة‬darrāsa flail; threshing
machine│O ‫( حصادة دراسة‬ḥaṣṣāda)
combine
‫ درواس‬dirwās mastiff
‫ مدرسة‬madrasa pl. ‫ مدارس‬madāris2
madrasah (a religious hoarding school
associated with a mosque); school│ ‫مدرسة‬
 ‫( ابتدائية‬ibtidā’īya) the lower grades of a
secondary school, approx. = junior high
school; ‫( مدرسة اولية‬awwalīya) elementary
school, grade school; ‫مدرسة ثانوية‬
(tānawīya) secondary school, high school;
‫( مدرسة تجارية‬tijārīya) commercial college
or school; ‫( مدرسة حربية‬ḥarbīya) military
academy; ‫( مدرسة داخلية‬dāḳilīya) boarding
school; ‫‘( )مدرسة عالية )عليا‬āliya, ‘ulyā)
college; ‫ مدرسة الفنون والصنائع‬school of
industrial arts, school of applied art and
handicraft; ‫( مدرسة كبرى‬kubrā) college;
‫ المدرسة القديمة‬the old “school” (=
intellectual or artistic movement)
‫ مدرسي‬madrasī scholastic, school
‫ تدريس‬tadrīs teaching, instruction, tuition
│‫ ھيئة التدريس‬hai’at at-t. teaching staff;
faculty, professoriate (of an academic
institution)
‫ دارس‬dāris pl. ‫ دوارس‬dawāris2 effaced,
obliterated; old, dilapidated, crumbling │
‫ تجدد دارسه‬tajaddada dārisuhū to rise from
one’s ashes
‫ مدرس‬mudarris pl. -ūn teacher,
instructor; lecturer │‫( مدرس مساعد‬musā‘id)
assistant professor
‫ درع‬II to arm; to armor, equip with armor (‫ھـ‬
s.th.) V and VIII iddara‘a to arm o.s., take
up arms, put on armor
‫ درع‬dir‘ m. and f., pl. ‫ دروع‬durū‘, ‫ادرع‬
adru‘, ‫ ادراع‬adrā‘ coat of mail, hauberk;
(suit of) plate armor; armor plate; armor;
armature; (pl. ‫ ادراع‬adrā‘) chemise 278
‫ دراعة‬darrā‘a pl. -āt armored cruiser
‫ دراعة‬durrā‘a pl. ‫ درارع‬darārī‘2 loose
outer garment with sleeves, slit in front
‫ دارع‬dāri‘ armored, armor-clad, ironclad
‫ دارعة‬dāri‘a pl. ‫ دوارع‬dawārī‘2 armored
cruiser
‫ مدرع‬mudarra‘ armored; armadillo
(zool.) │ ‫( قوة مدرعة‬qūwa) tank corps; ‫سيارة‬
‫( مدرعة‬sayyāra) armored car; ‫مشاة مدرعون‬
(mušāh) armored infantry (mil.)
‫ مدرعة‬mudarra‘a pl. -āt armored cruiser
‫ درف‬darf side, flank, wing; protection
‫ درفة‬darfa pl. ‫ درف‬diraf leaf (of a double door
or window)
‫ درفيل‬darfīl dolphin
1
‫درقة‬daraqa (leather) shield
O ‫ درق‬daraq thyroid gland
‫ درقي‬daraqī shield-shaped; thyroid │ ‫الغدة‬
‫(الدرقية‬gudda) thyroid gland
2
‫ دراق‬look up alphabetically
1
‫ درك‬II to last, continue, keep up (rains) III to
reach, get, catch, overtake, outdistance,
outrun (‫ ه‬،‫ ھـ‬s.o., s.th.), catch up, come up
(‫ ه‬,‫ ھـ‬with); to keep up, continue without
interruption (‫ ھـ‬s.th.) IV to attain, reach (‫ھـ‬
s.th.), arrive (‫ ھـ‬at); to get, catch, overtake
(‫ ه‬s.o., ‫ ھـ‬s.th.), catch up, come up (‫ ه‬,‫ھـ‬
with); to come suddenly, unexpectedly (‫ه‬
upon s.o.), overtake (‫ ه‬s.o.; death); to
obtain (‫ ھـ‬s.th.); to grasp, comprehend (‫ھـ‬
s.th.); to perceive, discern, notice (‫ ھـ‬s.th.);
to realize, understand (‫ ھـ‬s.th.), become
aware, become conscious (‫ ھـ‬of s.th.); to
mature, ripen (e.g., a fruit); to attain
puberty, reach sexual maturity (boy) V
‫( تداركت الشمس الى المغيب‬šams, magīb) the
sun prepared to set VI to reach and seize
one another; to continue without
interruption, go on incessantly; to face,
meet, obviate, take steps to prevent (‫ھـ‬
s.th.); to put in order, set right, correct (‫ھـ‬
s.th.), make amends (‫ ھـ‬for), provide
compensation or indemnity (‫ ھـ‬for a loss,
or the like) X to correct, rectify, emend (‫ھـ‬
s.th.); to set right, put in order, straighten
out (‫ ھـ‬s.th.); to make good, repair, redress
(‫ ھـ‬a damage, a mistake, etc.), make up (‫ھـ‬
for); to supplement, supply (‫ ھـ‬that which
is missing); to anticipate, forestall, obviate
(‫ ھـ‬an event)
‫ درك‬darak attainment, achievement,
accomplishment; overtaking, catching up;
police; (pl. ‫ ادراك‬adrāk) bottom, lowest
level
‫ دركي‬darakī policeman
‫ دركة‬daraka lowest level; pl. –āt
descending steps (as opposed to ‫ ;درجات‬cf.
‫ درجات الحيات ودركات الموت‬darajāt al-ḥayāh
wa-d. al-maut)
‫ دراك‬darrāk much-accomplishing,
efficient, successful
‫ مدارك‬madārik2 mental faculties, mental
powers, intelligence, intellectual
 capacities, perception, discernment │
‫ المدارك الخمس‬the five senses
‫ دراكا‬dirākan (adv.) constantly,
incessantly, without interruption
‫ ادراك‬idrāk reaching, attainment,
achievement, accomplishment; realization,
perception, discernment, awareness,
consciousness (‫ فقد االدراك‬faqd al-i.
unconsciousness); comprehension,
understanding, grasp; reason, intelligence;
sexual maturity, puberty; age of maturity
│‫ سن االدراك‬of sinn al-i. age of discretion
(Isl. Law)
‫ تدرك‬tadarruk gradual decline
‫ استدراك‬istidrāk redress, reparation;
correction, emendation, rectification 279
‫ مدرك‬mudrik rational, reasonable,
endowed with reason, intelligent;
(sexually) mature, pubescent, at the age of
puberty
‫ مدركات‬mudrakāt realizations;
cognitions; fixed notions, established
concepts
2 informed, knowing better (‫ ب‬s.o., s.th.),
‫( درك‬Engl.) derrick, derrick crane
‫ درم‬darima a to fall out (teeth) II to clip, trim (
‫ ھـ‬nails)
‫ درن‬darina a (daran) to be dirty, filthy IV do.
V to suffer from tuberculosis
‫ درن‬darn pl. ‫ ادران‬adrān dirt, filth;
tubercles; tuberculosis │ ‫( درن رئوي‬ri’awī)
pulmonary tuberculosis
‫ درنة‬darana (n. un.) pl. -āt tubercle;
small tumor, outgrowth, excrescence,
tuberculc, nodule
‫ درني‬daranī tubercular, tuberculous
‫ تدرن‬tadarrun tuberculosis │‫تدرن رئوي‬
(ri’awī) and ‫ تدرن الرئة‬t. ar-ri’a pulmonary
tuberculosis
‫ تدرني‬tadarrunī tuberculous
‫ متدرن‬mutadarrin affected with
tubercles, tuberculated
‫ مدره‬midrāh pl. ‫ مداره‬madārih2 spokesman
‫ درھم‬dirham pl. ‫ دراھم‬darāhim2 dirhem,
drachma (Ir. = coin of 50 ‫ ;)فلس‬a weight
(Eg. = 1/12 ‫ = اوقية‬ca. 3.12 g); ‫دراھم‬
money, cash
‫ دريھمات‬duraihimāt (dimin. with a
derogatory sense; approx.:) pennies
‫ دروة‬dirwa pl. -āt (eg.) protecting screen or
wall; parapet
‫ درواس‬dirwās mastiff
‫ درويش‬darwīš pl. ‫ دراويش‬darāwīš2 dervish
1
‫ درى‬darī ī (‫ دراية‬dirāya) to know (‫ ب‬or ‫ ھـ‬s.th.
or of s.th.); to be aware, be cognizant (‫ب‬
or ‫ ھـ‬of); to understand, comprehend (‫ ب‬or
‫ ھـ‬s.th.) │‫ وما يدري اال و‬... all of a sudden
there was ... III to flatter, treat with
flattery or gentle courtesy, cajole, coax (‫ه‬
s.o.); to deceive, fool, mislead (‫ ه‬s.o.); to
dissemble; to conceal, hide, mask,
disguise (‫ ه‬s.th.) IV to let (‫ ه‬s.o.) know (‫ب‬
s.th. or about s.th.), inform, notify, advise
(‫ ب ه‬s.o. of) │‫ وما ادراك ما‬... (adrāka), also
‫ وما ادراك ب‬do you realize what ... is? you
don’t even know what ... means! VI to
hide, conceal o.s.
‫ دراية‬dirāya knowledge, cognizance,
acquaintance
‫ ادرى‬adrā more knowledgeable, better
better acquainted (‫ ب‬with)
‫ ال ادري‬lā-adrī a skeptic
‫ مداراة‬mudārāh sociability, affability,
companionableness
‫ دار‬dārin knowing, aware, cognizant (‫ب‬
of s.th.)
2
‫ مدرى‬midran, ‫ مدرة‬midra (= ‫ مردى‬mirdan),
‫ مدراة‬midrāh pl. ‫ مدار‬madārin pole (esp.
one for punting boats)
‫ درياق‬diryāq (= ‫ )ترياق‬theriaca; antidote
‫( دزينة‬It. dozzina) dazzīna dozen
‫ دس‬dassa u (dass) to put, get, slip, shove,
thrust, insert (‫ في ھـ‬s.th. into); to bury (‫في‬
‫ ھـ‬s.th. in the ground); to instill, infuse (‫في‬
‫ ھـ‬،‫ ب‬s.th. in); to administer surreptitiously
(‫ السم‬as-samma poison, ‫ ل‬to s.o.); to foist (
‫ في ھـ‬s.th. into); to smuggle (‫ في ھـ‬s.th. into,
‫ بين ه‬s.o. among); to interpolate (‫ ھـ‬s.th.); to
intrigue, scheme, plot (‫ ل‬,‫ على‬against s.o.)
│‫ دس الدسائس‬to engage in secret
machinations, intrigue scheme II to put in,
get in, slip in, shove in, thrust in, insert (‫ھـ‬
s.th.); to hide, conceal (‫ ھـ‬s.th.) V to
engage (secretly, ‫ الى‬in); to be hidden (‫في‬
 in) VII to slip (‫ بين‬between or among, ‫في‬
into), creep, steal, sneak (‫ بين‬among, ‫في‬
into), 280 infiltrate (‫ في‬s.th.); to ingratiate
o.s., insinuate o.s. (‫ في‬or ‫ الى‬to s.o., into
s.o.’s confidence); to be hidden
‫ دسيسة‬dasīsa pl. ‫ دسائس‬dasā’is intrigue,
machination, scheme, plot │‫دس الدسائس‬
dass ad-d. machinations, intrigues,
scheming, plotting (‫ ضد‬against); plot,
conspiracy
‫ دساس‬dassās pl. -ūn intriguant,
intriguer, schemer, plotter, conspirator;
sand snake (Eryx jaculus)
1
‫ دست‬dast pl. ‫ دسوت‬dusūt place of honor, seat
of honor, seat of office; council │‫دست الحكم‬
d. al-ḥukm (a ruler’s) throne
2
‫ دست‬dist pl. ‫ دسوت‬dusūt kettle, boiler, caldron
made of copper (eg., syr.)
3
‫ دستة‬dasta dozen; pack, packet, package
2
‫ دستور‬dustūr pl. ‫ دساتير‬dasātīr statute;
regulations; by-laws; (basic) constitutional
law; constitution (pol.); -- (colloq.) dastūr
permission
‫ دستوري‬dustūrī constitutional │‫النظام‬
‫ الدستورى‬constitutional form of government
‫ دستورية‬dustūrīya constitutionality │ ‫عدم‬
‫’الدستورية‬adam ad-d. unconstitutionality
‫ دسر‬dasara u (dasr) to push, shove, push off (
‫ ھـ‬s.th.)
O ‫ داسر‬dāsir propeller, airscrew
‫ دسكر‬daskara pl. ‫ دساكر‬dasākir2 village
‫ دسم‬dasam fatness (of meat); fat, grease
‫ دسم‬dasim fat; fatty, greasy, grimy,
grubby; rich, abundant, substantial; meaty,
pithy, full of thoughts (e.g., reading
material)
‫ ادسم‬adsam2, f. ‫ دسماء‬dasmā’2, pl. ‫دسم‬
dusm very fat; fatty, greasy, grimy,
grubby; -- richer, more substantial, pithier
‫ دسامة‬dasāma fattiness, greasiness,
griminess, grubbiness
‫ دسومة‬dusūma fatness; richness,
substantiality
‫ دسام‬dassām plug, stopper
‫ ديسم‬daisam amaranth (bot.)
‫ دسمبر‬disembir, disambir December
‫ دسو‬II to introduce, bring in (‫ ھـ‬s.th.) V to be
hidden, concealed; to penetrate (‫ الى‬into)
‫( دش‬Fr. douche) duš shower, douche
‫ دشيش‬dašīš and ‫ دشيشة‬a kind of porridge made
of crushed wheat and butter
‫ دشت‬dašt junk, trash, rubbish, refuse
‫ دشن‬II to hand over, present (‫ ھـ‬s.th.); to
consecrate, dedicate, inaugurate (‫ ھـ‬s.th.)
‫ تدشين‬tadšīn consecration, dedication,
inauguration │ ‫ تدشين الكنيشة‬consecration of
the church
‫ دشو‬V to belch, burp, eruct
‫ دعة‬da‘a see ‫ودع‬
‫ دع‬da‘‘ to rebuff, turn down (contemptuously,
II the poor, an orphan)
‫ دعب‬da‘aba a (‫ دعابة‬du‘āba) to joke, jest, make
fun (‫ ه‬with s.o.) III to play, toy (‫ ھـ‬،‫ ه‬with
s.th., with s.o.); to joke, jest, make fun (‫ه‬
with s.o.); to give (‫ ه‬s.o.) a good-natured
slap or smack (‫ ;)ب‬to flirt (‫ ھا‬with a
woman) ; to dally, philander, play around
(‫ ھا‬with a woman); to play (‫ ه‬about s.o.;
e.g., waves); to stroke gently, caress,
fondle (‫ ه‬s.th.); to beguile, tempt, delude (‫ه‬
s.o.; said of hopes); to play (‫ ھـ‬a musical
instrument) │ ‫داعب البيانو‬to play on the
piano VI to make fun, have fun together,
have a good time
‫ داعب‬dā‘ib joking, jocose, playful, jolly,
gay, funny 281
‫ دعابة‬du‘āba pl. -āt joking, jesting, fun-
making, fun; joke, jest
‫ دعاب‬da‘‘āb jocose, playful, jolly, gay
‫ مداعبة‬mudā‘aba pl. -āt play, fun-
making, fun; joke, jest; pleasantry;
dalliance, flirtation, philandery
‫ داعب‬dā‘ib joking, jocose, playful, jolly,
gay, funny
‫ مداعب‬mudā‘ib joking, jesting
‫ دعبل‬di‘bil frog spawn, frog’s eggs
‫ مدعبل‬muda‘bal indisposed, out of sorts;
round, ball-shaped
‫ ادعج‬ad‘aj2, f. ‫ دعجاء‬da‘jā’2, pl. ‫ دعج‬du‘j black-
eyed; deep-black and large (eye)
‫ دعر‬da‘ira a (da‘ar) to be immoral
‫ دعر‬da‘ar immorality, indecency
‫ دعر‬da‘ir unchaste, lewd, licentious,
dissolute, obscene, bawdy, immoral,
indecent
‫ دعارة‬da‘āra, di‘āra indecency,
immorality, licentiousness, debauchery │
‫ بيت الدعارة‬bait ad-d. brothel
‫ داعر‬dā‘ir pl. ‫ دعار‬du‘‘ār unchaste,
lewd, licentious, dissolute, obscene,
bawdy, indecent, immoral
‫ دعس‬da‘asa a (da‘s) to tread underfoot,
trample down, crush (‫ ھـ‬s.th.); to knock
down, run over (‫ ه‬s.o.; automobile) VII
pass. of I
‫ دعك‬da‘aka a (da‘k) to rub (‫ ھـ‬s.th.); to scrub,
scour (‫ ھـ‬s.th.); to scrub on a washboard (
‫ ھـ‬laundry); to crush, squash, mash (‫ھـ‬
s.th.); to crumple (‫ ھـ‬paper)
‫ دعم‬da‘ama a (da‘m) and II to support, hold up
(‫ ھـ‬s.th.); to prop, shore up, stay, buttress,
underpin (‫ ھـ‬s.th.); to cement, consolidate,
strengthen (‫ ھـ‬s.th.) VIII ‫ ادعم‬idda‘ama to
be supported; to rest, be based (‫ على‬on)
‫ دعمة‬da‘ma pl. ‫ دعم‬di‘am support, prop
‫ دعامة‬di‘āma pl. -āt, ‫ دعائم‬da‘ā’im2
support, prop, stay, shore; pier; buttress;
pillar (esp. fig., e.g., ‫ دعائم السيادة‬pillars of
authority)
‫ تدعيم‬tad‘īm support, strengthening,
reinforcement, consolidation,
underpinning
‫ )دعو‬and ‫ دعي( دعا‬da‘ā u (‫ دعاء‬du‘ā’) to call (‫ه‬
s.o.); to summon (‫ ب‬or ‫ ه‬s.o.), call or send
for s.o. (‫ ب‬or ‫ ;)ه‬to call up (‫ ب‬s.o., ‫ ل‬،‫الى‬
for); to call upon s.o. (‫)ه‬, appeal to s.o. (‫)ه‬
for s.th. or to do s.th. (‫ الى‬،‫)ل‬, invite, urge (
‫ الى ه‬،‫ ل‬s.o. to do s.th.); to invite, ask to
come (‫ الى ه‬s.o. to; e.g., to a banquet); to
move, induce, prompt (‫ الى ه‬،‫ ل‬s.o. to do
s.th.), prevail (‫ الى ه‬،‫ ل‬on s.o. to do s.th.);
to call (‫ ھـ ه‬،‫ ب‬s.o. by a name), name (‫ ھـ‬،‫ب‬
‫ ه‬s.o. so and so), pass.: ‫ دعي‬du‘iya to be
called, be named; to invoke (‫ ﷲ‬God = to
pray to); to wish (‫ ل‬s.o.) well, bless (‫ل‬
s.o.; properly: to invoke God in favor of
s.o.), invoke a blessing (‫ )ب‬upon s.o. (‫)ل‬,
pray (‫ ب‬for s.th., ‫ ل‬on behalf of s.o.),
implore (‫ ب ل‬for s.o. s.th.); to curse (‫على‬
s.o.; properly: to invoke God against s.o.),
call down evil, invoke evil (‫ على‬upon s.o.);
to propagate, propagandize (‫ ل‬s.th.), make
propaganda, make publicity (‫ ل‬for); to
demand, require (‫ الى‬s.th.), call for (‫ ;)الى‬to
call forth, bring about, cause, provoke,
occasion (‫ الى‬s.th.), give rise (‫ الى‬to) │‫دعي‬
‫( لالجتماع‬du‘ya) to be summoned, be called
into session (parliament); ‫دعي الى حمل‬
‫ السالح‬du‘iya ilā ḥamli a-silāḥ to be called
up for military service, be called to the
colors; ‫ رجل يدعى‬... (yud‘ā) a man
called ..., a man by the name of ...; ‫دعا له‬
‫( بطول العمر‬ṭūli l-‘umr) he wished him a
long life III to challenge (‫ ه‬s.o.); to pick a
quarrel (‫ ه‬with); to proceed judicially (‫ه‬
against), prosecute (‫ ه‬s.o.) VI to challenge
each other, call each 282 other forth or
out, summon each other; to evoke one
another (thoughts, reminiscences,
sentiments); to be dilapidated, be tumble-
down, threaten to fall (walls); to sink,
subside, cave in; to fall down, sink to the
ground (person); to collapse, break down,
decline, degenerate (fig., of a cultural
phenomenon); to dock together, rally VIII
‫ ادعى‬idda‘ā to allege, claim, maintain (‫ھـ‬
s.th., ‫ ان‬that); to lay claim (‫ ھـ‬to s.th.),
demand, claim (‫ ھـ‬s.th.); to make undue
claims (‫ ھـ‬to s.th.), arrogate (to o.s.),
assume unduly or presumptuously (‫ھـ‬
s.th.); to effect, feign, simulate, pretend,
purport (‫ ب‬s.th.); to testify (in court); to
accuse (‫ ب‬or ‫ ھـ على‬s.o. of), charge (‫ ب‬or ‫ھـ‬
‫ على‬s.o. with), blame (‫ ب‬or ‫ ھـ على‬s.o. for),
hold s.th. (‫ ب‬or ‫ )ھـ‬against s.o. (‫ )على‬X to
call or send (‫ ه‬for s.o.), summon (‫ ه‬s.o.); to
cite, summon for examination or trial (‫ه‬
s.o.; court, police); to recall (‫ ه‬s.o., e.g., a
diplomatic envoy); to call, appoint (‫ ه‬s.o.,
e.g., a professor to a chair); to invoke (‫ه‬
s.o.); to invite, urge (‫ الى ه‬s.o. to do s.th.),
suggest (‫ الى ه‬to s.o. s.th. or to do s.th.),
call upon s.o. (‫ )ه‬to do s.th. (‫)الى‬, appeal (
‫ الى ه‬to s.o. for s.th. or to do s.th.); to call
for (‫)ھـ‬, require, demand, necessitate,
make necessary or requisite (‫ ھـ‬s.th.)
‫ دعوة‬da‘wa call; appeal; bidding,
demand, request; call, convocation,
summons (‫ الى‬to), calling up, summoning;
(official) summons, citation; invitation;
claim, demand, plea; missionary activity,
missionary work (also ‫ نشر الدعوة‬našr ad-
 d.), propaganda; -- (pl. ‫ دعوات‬da‘awāt)
invocation, imploration, supplication,
prayer; good wish │‫ دعوات صالحات‬good
wishes; ‫( دعوة بالشر‬šarr) imprecation,
curse; ‫ صاحب الدعوة‬host
‫ دعوى‬da‘wā pl. ‫ دعاوى‬da‘āwā, ‫دعاو‬
da‘āwin allegation, pretension; claim;
lawsuit, case, action, legal proceedings
(Isl. Law) │‫ بدعوى ان‬on the pretext that ...
2
‫ دعي‬da‘īy pl. ‫ ادعياء‬ad‘iyā’ adopted
son; bastard; braggart, bigmouth, show-
off; pretender; swindler, impostor
‫ دعاء‬du‘ā’ pl. ‫ ادعية‬ad‘iya call;
invocation of God, supplication, prayer;
request, plea; good wish (‫ ل‬for s.o.);
imprecation, course (‫ على‬against s.o.)
‫ ادعى‬ad‘ā more conducive, more
stimulating, of greater incentive (‫ ل‬،‫ الى‬to),
causing or provoking to a greater extent (
‫ ل‬،‫ الى‬s.th.)
‫ دعاوة‬da’āwa, di‘āwa pl. -āt propaganda
(pol.); publicity (‫ الى‬for)
‫ دعاوى‬da‘āwī, di‘āwī propagandistic
‫ دعاية‬di‘āya propaganda (pol.)
‫ دعائي‬di‘ā’ī propagandistic
‫ مدعاة‬mad‘āh determining factor,
decisive motive or incentive, cause,
occasion
‫ تداع‬tadā‘in imminent collapse,
impending breakdown; mutual
summoning │‫ تداعى المعانى‬tadā‘ī l-ma‘ānī
association of ideas
‫ ادعاء‬iddi‘ā’ pl. -āt claim; arrogation,
undue assumption, presumption;
allegation; pretension, pretense;
accusation, charge; ‫ االدعاء‬the prosecution
(in a court of justice)
‫ استدعاء‬istid‘ā’ summons, summoning;
recall, calling back; official summons,
citation
‫ داع‬dā‘in pl. ‫ دعاة‬du‘āh one who invites,
inviter; propagandist; host; motive,
reason, cause │‫( ال داعي‬dā‘iya) it is not
necessary, there is no need, there is no
cause (‫ ل‬for)
‫ داعية‬dā‘iya one who calls for s.th. (‫)الى‬, invites
to s.th. (‫ ;)الى‬propagandist (with foll. genit.
or ‫الى‬: of s.th.), herald; 283 (pl. ‫دواع‬
dawā‘in) motive, reason, cause, occasion;
pl. ‫ دواع‬requirements, exigencies │‫داعية‬
‫ حرب‬warmonger; ‫ لدواع صحية‬li-dawā‘in
ṣiḥḥīya for reasons of health; ‫من دواعي‬
‫ سروري‬it gives me great pleasure ...
‫ مدعو‬mad‘ūw one invited, guest; called,
named, by the name of
‫ متداع‬mutadā‘in evoking one another,
one leading to the other (reminiscences,
thoughts); frail. shaky (constitution);
dilapidated, tumble-down; ready to fall,
threatened with collapse; declining, in a
stage of decline, on the downgrade
‫ مدع‬muda‘in one who makes an
allegation or pretension, alleger,
pretender; claimer, claimant; plaintiff;
prosecutor (jur.); arrogant, presumptuous,
bumptious │‫‘( المدعي العمومي‬umūmī) the
public prosecutor; ‫‘( المدعى العام‬āmm) do.
(Mor.)
‫ مدعى‬muda‘an claimed; ‫ المدعى عليه‬the
defendant (jur.); pl. ‫ مدعيات‬muda‘ayāt
claims, pretensions
‫ مستدع‬mustad‘in applicant, petitioner
‫ دغدغ‬dagdaga to tickle (‫ ه‬s.o.); to crush; to
chew, munch (‫ ھـ‬s.th.)
1
‫ دغر‬dagara a (dagr, ‫ دغرى‬dagrā) to attack (
‫ على‬s.o.). fall upon s.o. (‫)على‬
‫ دغر‬dagr attack, assault
‫ دغرى‬dagrā attack, assault
2
‫ دغرى‬dugrī (eg., syr.) direct, straight; straight
ahead
‫ دغش‬IV ‫ ادغشت الدنيا‬adgašat id-dunyā it became
dark, twilight fell
‫ دغش‬dagaš darkness, dusk, twilight
‫ دغيشة‬dagīša darkness, dusk
‫ دغص‬dagiṣa a (dagaṣ) to be chock-full, on tile
point of bursting
‫ داغصة‬dāgiṣa pl. ‫ دواغص‬dawāgiṣ knee-pan,
kneecap, patella
‫ دغل‬dagal pl. ‫ ادغال‬adgāl, ‫ دغال‬digāl place with
luxuriant tree growth; thicket, bush,
jungle; -- defectiveness, faultiness,
corruption
 ‫ داغل‬dagil covered with dense
undergrowth (place); impenetrable;
corrupted
‫ مدغل‬mudgil covered with dense
undergrowth (place); false, perfidious,
insidious (in character)
‫ دغم‬IV and VIII ‫ ادغم‬iddagama to put (‫في ھـ‬
s.th. into), insert, incorporate, embody (‫في‬
‫ ھـ‬s.th. in); (gram.) to contract (‫ في ھـ‬one
letter into another), assimilate (‫ في ھـ‬s.th.
to) VII to be incorporated, embodied,
merged, amalgamated; to be assimilated,
contracted
‫ دف‬daffa i (‫ دفيف‬dafīf) to flap the wings (bird)
II to hurry, rush
‫ دف‬daff pl. ‫ دفوف‬dufūf side; lateral
surface
‫ دف‬duff, daff pl. ‫ دفوف‬dufūf tambourine
‫ دفة‬daffa side; leaf (of a double door or
window); cover (of a book), ‫ الدفتان‬the two
covers of a book; rudder, helm │‫ قائد الدفة‬or
‫ مدير الدفة‬mudīr ad-d. steersman,
helmsman; ‫ قبض على دفة التنفيذ‬to take the
helm, make o.s. the leader; ‫ يد الدفة‬yad ad-
d. tiller; ‫( من الدفة للشابورة‬eg.) all together,
one and all, all without exception
‫ دفية‬diffīya (eg.) loose woolen cloak
‫ دفئ‬dafi’a a and ‫ دفؤ‬dafu’a u to be warm; to
feel warm II and IV to warm, heat (‫ھـ‬
s.th.) V, VIII ‫ ادفأ‬iddafa’a and X to warm
o.s.
‫ دفء‬dif’ warmth, warmness, heat
‫ دفئ‬dafi’ and ‫ دفيء‬dafī’ warm
‫ دفآن‬daf’ān2, f. ‫ دفأى‬daf’ā warm
‫ دفاء‬difā’ heating
‫ دفاءة‬dafā’a warmth, warmness, heat
□ ‫ دفاية‬daffāya pl. -āt stove 284
‫ مدفأ‬midfa’ and ‫ مدفأة‬midfa’a pl. ‫مدافئ‬
madāfi’2 stove, heating stove
‫ تدفئة‬tadfi’a heating, generation of heat
‫ دفتر‬daftar pl. ‫ دفاتر‬dafātir 2 booklet; notebook,
copybook; daybook, journal; ledger
(com.); roster, register, official register │
‫( دفتر حسابي‬ḥisābī) account book; bank-
book, passbook; ‫ دفتر الحسابات‬d. al-ḥisābāt
letter file, letter book, folder, portfolio;
‫ دفتر الشروط‬publication setting forth the
terms of a purchase, the conditions of a
lease, the stipulations of a contract, or the
like; ‫ دفتر االشتراك‬subscription booklet; ‫دفتر‬
‫ الصندوق‬d. aṣ-ṣundūq cashbook (com.); ‫دفتر‬
‫ المساحة‬cadastre, land register; ‫ دفتر اليومية‬d.
al-yaumīya diary, journal; ‫ مسك الدفاتر‬mask
ad-d. bookkeeping
‫ دفترخانة‬daftarkāna archives, public
records office (Eg.) │ ‫دفترخانة األمالك العقارية‬
d. al-amlāk al-‘aqārīya land-registry
office (Tun.)
‫ دفتيريا‬diftēriyā diphtheria
‫ دفر‬dafara to push, push back (‫ ه‬s.o.); dafira a
(dafar) to stink
‫ دفر‬dafar stench
‫ دفر‬dafir stinking, fetid
‫ دفس‬dafasa to hide (A s.th.); to push
‫ دفع‬dafa‘a a (daf‘) to push; to push away,
shove away, push back, drive back, repel,
remove, dislodge, drive away (‫ ه‬،‫ عن ھـ‬s.o.,
s.th. from); ‫( دفعه جانبا‬jāniban) to push,
shove, or elbow, s.o. aside; to rid (‫عن نفسه‬
o.s., ‫ ھـ‬of s.th.), get rid of s.th.; to get the
better (‫ ه‬،‫ ھـ‬of s.o., of s.th.), conquer,
master control (‫ ه‬s.o., ‫ ھـ‬s.th.); to fight (‫ب‬
‫ ھـ‬s.th. with); to reject, repudiate (‫ ھـ‬s.th.);
to rebut, refute, disprove (‫ ھـ‬s.th.); to
propel, drive (‫ ھـ‬s.th.); to move, cause,
urge, impel, egg on, goad (‫ ه‬or ‫ ب‬s.o., ‫الى‬
or ‫ ل‬to do s.th.), induce, incite, force,
compel, oblige (‫ ه‬or ‫ ب‬s.o., ‫ الى‬or ‫ ل‬to),
make s.o. (‫ ب‬or ‫ )ه‬do s.th. (‫ الى‬or ‫ ;)ل‬to
band over, present, turn over (‫ ل‬or ‫الى ھـ‬
s.th. to s.o.); to pay (‫ ثمنا‬tamanan a price,
‫ الى‬or ‫ ل‬to s.o.) │‫( دفع خطاه الى‬kuṭāhū) to
wend one’s way to III to resist, withstand
(‫ ه‬s.o., .s.th.). offer resistance (‫ ه‬،‫ ھـ‬to); to
contradict, oppose (‫ ه‬s.o., ‫ عن‬so as to make
him abstain from s.th.), dissuade (‫ ه‬s.o., ‫عن‬
from); to suppress (‫ ھـ‬s.th.); to defend (‫عن‬
s.o., s.th.), uphold (‫ عن‬s.th.); to be
entrusted with the defense (‫ عن‬of s.th., of
s.o., also jur.) V to dash forward; to dart
off, rush off; to pour forth, flow, stream,
gush forth (water); to spring up, make
itself felt (an idea, a social tendency, and
the like) VI to shove or push one another;
to push or shove one another away or
aside; to push off, shove off (‫ عن‬from); to
issue in intermittent bursts, gush forth
intermittently; to burst forth, rush out,
sally (‫ من‬from); to be propelled, be driven
forward; to storm forward VII to dart off,
rush off; to proceed rashly, blindly,
without forethought; to be too impetuous,
be too hotheaded; to plunge headlong (‫في‬
into s.th.); to rush, dart. make (‫ الى‬at s.th.),
pounce (‫ الى‬on s.th.); to rush off, hurry off,
go quickly (‫ الى‬to; with foll. imperf.: to do
s.th.); to give o.s. (‫ ل‬to s.o.); to burst forth,
gush out, pour forth, spurt, spout, flow,
run (‫ من‬from; water); to let o.s. be carried
away or be overcome (‫ وراء‬by s.th., e.g.,
‫ وراء شھواته‬šahawātihī by one’s bodily
appetites, ‫ وراء شعوره‬by one’s feelings, ‫وراء‬
‫ العاجلة‬by worldly things); to proceed, set
out, begin (with foll. imperf.: to do s.th.)
X to try to ward off or stave off (‫ ھـ‬s.th., ‫ب‬
by)
‫ دفع‬daf‘ pushing back, shoving aside;
repulsion. driving away, driving off;
dispelling; parrying, warding off, staving
off; repulse, rejection. repudiation;
rebuttal; handing over, turning in;
payment 285
‫ دفعة‬daf‘a (n. vic.) pl. dafa‘āt shove,
push, thrust; impetus, impact, momentum,
forceful impulse, drive; ejaculation;
payment; deposit; disbursement; pl. issues
(stock market)
‫ دفعة‬daf‘a pl. dufu‘āt, dafa‘āt that
which issues at anyone time, a burst, a
gush, a spurt, and the like; time, instance
│‫( دفعة واحدة‬duf‘atan) all at one time, all at
once, in one stroke, in one fell swoop; ‫ھذه‬
‫ الدفعة‬this time; ‫ ست دفعات‬six times; ‫على‬
‫( دفعات متفاوتة‬mutafāwita) at different times
‫ دفاع‬daffā’ propelling, impelling, giving
impetus; O piston (techn.)
‫ مدفع‬midfa’ pl. ‫ مدافع‬madāfi‘2 gun,
cannon │O ‫( مدافع بعيدة المرمى‬ba‘īdat al-
marmā) long-range guns; ‫مدفع رشاش‬
(raššāš) machine gun; O ‫مدافع ضخمة‬
(ḍakma) heavy artillery; O ‫المدافع المضاد‬
‫( للطائرات‬muḍādda) or ‫المدافع المقاومة للطائرات‬
(muqāwima) antiaircraft guns; O ‫مدفع ثالثي‬
‫( مضاد للطائرات‬tulātī, muḍādd) three-
barreled anti-aircraft gun (mil.); ‫مدفع ھون‬
m. hāwun mortar; ‫ ضرب مدفع الظھر‬ḍarb m.
aẓ-ẓuhr marking of exact noon by cannon
shot
‫ مدفعي‬midfa‘ī gun-, cannon-, artillery-
(in compounds); artilleryman, gunner,
cannoneer
‫ مدفعية‬midfa‘īya artillery
‫ دفاع‬difā‘ protection; defense (‫ عن‬of
s.th., of s.o., also jur.) │‫ خط الدفاع‬kaṭṭ ad-d.
line of defense; halfbacks (soccer); ‫مجلس‬
‫ الدفاع‬majlis ad-d. defense council; ‫وزارة‬
‫ الدفاع‬ministry of defense, war ministry;
‫( الدفاع الوطني‬waṭanī) national defense; ‫الدفاع‬
‫( المضاد للطائرات‬muḍādd) anti-aircraft
defense; ‫ دفاع شرعي‬legitimate self-defense
‫ دفاعي‬difā‘ī defensive, protective
‫ مدافعة‬mudāfa‘a defense (‫ عن‬of s.th.)
‫ اندفاع‬indifā‘ pl. -āt rush(ing), plunging,
plunge (‫ في‬into); outburst, outbreak
eruption; élan, dash, impetuosity,
rashness, hotheadedness, fire, exuberance,
effusiveness; self-abandon; ‫اندفاعا‬
indifā‘an spontaneously
‫ اندفاعة‬indifā‘a (n. vic.) sudden outburst,
outbreak (e.g., of wailing)
‫ دافع‬dāfi‘ repellent, expellant; driving,
pushing, giving impetus, incentive,
impellent, propelling, propulsive, etc.;
repeller; payer, e.g., ‫ دافعوا الضرائب‬the tax-
payers; (pl. ‫ دوافع‬dawfi‘2) incentive,
impulse, impetus, spur, motive; ‫( بدافع‬with
foll. genit.) motivated by ..., by reason
of ..., on the strength of …
‫ مدفوعات‬madfū‘āt payments
‫ مدافع‬mudāfi‘ defender (‫ عن‬of s.o., of
s.th.)
‫ دفق‬dafaqa u i (dafq) to pour out, pour forth (‫ھـ‬
s.th.); -- u (dafq, ‫ دفوق‬dufūq) to be shed; to
flow, well out, spout, gush forth; to
overflow (0 with s.th.) V to pour forth,
spout forth, gush forth; to rush in; to break
forth, break out, burst out; to go off (shot);
to plunge blindly (‫ الى‬،‫ في‬into s.th.); to
rush (‫ على‬against); to crowd (‫ على‬into) VII
=V
‫ دفق‬dafq pouring out, effusion
‫ دفقة‬dufqa pl. dufuqāt, dufaqāt, dufqāt =
‫ دفعة‬duf‘a │‫( دفقة واحدة‬dufqatan) = ‫دفعة‬
 ‫ واحدة؛ دفقات الريح‬d. ar-rīḥ gusts; ‫دفقة من الماء‬
gush of water
‫ دفاق‬dafāq bursting forth, darting out,
rushing out
‫ تدفق‬tadaffuq outpour, outflow, issue,
effluence, efflux, effusion; influx, run,
rush, inrush, inpour; outbreak, outburst;
impulsiveness; exuberance, effusiveness
‫ دافق‬dāfiq pl. ‫ دوافق‬dawāfiq2 bursting
forth, breaking out, erupting; gushing,
torrential
‫ متدفق‬mutadaffiq impulsive; exuberant,
effusive 286
‫ دفلى‬diflā oleander (Nerium oleander L.; bot.)
‫ دفن‬dafana i (dafn) to bury, inter, inhume (‫ه‬
s.o.); to hide, conceal, keep secret (‫ ھـ‬s.th.)
‫ دفن‬dafn burial, interment, inhumation
‫ دفين‬dafn pl. ‫ دفناء‬dufanā’2 buried,
intend; hidden, secret
2
‫ دفينة‬dafīna pl. ‫ دفائن‬dafā’in hidden
treasure, treasure-trove
‫ مدفن‬madfan, ‫ مدفنة‬madfana pl. ‫مدافن‬
madāfin 2 burying place, burial ground,
cemetery
‫ دفاية‬see ‫دفئ‬
‫ دق‬daqqa i (‫ دقة‬diqqa) to be thin, fine, fragile,
frail; to be little, small, tiny, minute; to be
subtle, delicate; to be insignificant,
unimportant, trifling, inconsiderable; to be
too fine, too subtle (‫ عن‬for perception); --
u (daqq) to crush, bruise, bray (‫ ھـ‬s.th.); to
grind, pulverize, powder (‫ ھـ‬s.th.); to
pound (‫ ھـ‬s.th., e.g., meat); to strike
(clock); to beat, throb (heart); to hammer,
throb (engine); to knock, rap, bang (‫الباب‬
al-bāba on the door); to bump (‫رأسه بالحائط‬
ra’sahū bi-l-ḥā’iṭ one’s head against the
wall); to drive (‫ ھـ‬a nail); to ram in, drive
in (constr. eng.); to beat, strum, play (‫على‬
a musical instrument); to type (‫ على‬on a
typewriter); -- to sound, resound, ring out
(said of musical instruments) │ ‫دق‬
‫(الجرس‬jarasa) to ring the bell; ‫دق جرس‬
‫( الخطر‬j. al-kaṭar) to sound the alarm; ‫دق‬
‫ الجرس على‬to call s.o. up, give s.o. a ring;
‫( دق الجرس‬jarasu) the bell rang; ‫دقت الساعة‬
the clock struck II to triturate, pulverize,
reduce to powder (oil s.th.); to he precise,
exact, strict, meticulous, painstaking,
proceed with utmost accuracy or care (‫في‬
in s.th.); to scrutinize, examine closely,
determine exactly (‫ ه‬s.th.); to do (‫ ه‬s.th.)
carefully, with precision! ‫( دقق البحث‬baḥta)
to investigate carefully; ‫( دقق النظر‬naẓara)
to watch attentively or carefully,
scrutinize, examine closely (‫ في‬s.th.); ‫دقق‬
‫( المالحظة‬mulāḥaẓa) to observe closely III
to deal scrupulously (‫ ه‬with s.o.) IV to
make fine, make thin (‫ ه‬s.th.) VII to be
crushed, brayed, pounded; to be broken │
‫‘( اندق عنقه‬unquhū) he broke his neck X to
be or become thin or fine
‫ دق‬daqq crushing, bruising, braying,
pounding; pulverization, trituration;
grinding (down); beat(ing), throb(bing);
bang(ing), knock(ing), rap(ping);
tattoo(ing) │‫ دق الجرس‬d. al-jaras peal,
ringing, sound of a bell; ‫ دق الحنق‬d. al-
ḥanak chatter, prattle
‫ دق‬diqq fine, thin; little, small, tiny,
minute; delicate, fragile, frail │‫شجر دق‬
(šajar) shrubbery, brush, scrub; ‫حمى الدق‬
ḥumma d-d. hectic fever
‫ دقة‬daqqa (n. vic.) pl. -āt bang, knock,
rap; beat, throb; stroke, striking (of a
clock); hammer, hammering sound;
thumping, thump │‫ دقات القلب‬d. al-qalb
heartbeats; ‫ دقة الجرس‬d. al-jaras peal, or
ring, of a bell; telephone call, ring
‫ دقة‬diqqa thinness; fineness; smallness,
tininess, minuteness; triviality, pettiness,
paltriness; subtlety, subtleness, finesse;
critical or precarious state, delicate
situation; accuracy, exactness, exactitude,
precision │‫ بدقة‬exactly, accurately,
precisely, minutely, painstakingly,
meticulously, sharply; ‫ دقة الشعور‬acuteness
of feeling, sensitivity, sensitiveness,
sensibility
‫ دقة‬duqqa pl. ‫ دقق‬duqaq fine dust;
powder
‫ دقاق‬duqāq crushed, brayed, or
pulverized, substance; powder; dour of
lupine
‫ دقيق‬daqīq pl. ‫ دقاق‬diqaq, ‫ ادقة‬adiqqa
fine, thin; delicate, frail, fragile; little,
small, tiny, puny, minute; subtle; 287
paltry, petty, trifling, trivial; precise,
 accurate, exact; painstaking, scrupulous,
meticulous; inexorable, relentless, strict,
rigorous; delicate (situation), critical,
trying, serious, precarious; -- flour, meal
│‫ دقيق الحساب‬keeping strict account, strict,
relentless, inexorable; ‫ دقيق الشعور‬sensitive;
‫ دقيق الصنع‬d. aṣ-ṣan‘ finely worked, of
delicate workmanship; ‫ دقيق النظر‬d. an-
naẓar clear-sighted, penetrating,
discerning, sensitive; ‫ ابو دقيق‬abū d.
butterfly; ‫( األعضاء الدقيقة‬a‘ḍā’) the genitals
‫ دقيقة‬daqīqa pl. ‫ دقائق‬daqā’iq2 particle;
nicety; intricacy; detail, particular; minute
(time unit) │‫ دقائق األمور‬the niceties,
intricacies, or secret implications of things
‫ دقاق‬daqqāq grinder, crusher; flour
merchant; frequently or constantly
beating, striking, etc.; player of an
instrument │‫ ساعة دقاقة‬repeater (watch)
‫ دقاقة‬daqqāqa knocker, rapper (of a
door)
‫ ادق‬adaqq2 finer; more delicate;
smaller, tinier; more accurate, preciser;
stricter
‫ مدق‬midaqq beetle; pounder, pestle;
(eg.) trail, footpath
‫ مدقة‬midaqqa pl. ‫ مداق‬madāqq2 pounder,
pestle; beetle; clapper. tongue (of a bell)
‫ تدقيق‬tadqīq accuracy, precision,
exactness, exactitude ‫ بتدقيق‬exactly,
precisely, accurately, minutely
‫ مدقق‬mudaqqiq exact, accurate
(scholar), thorough (investigator),
painstaking, meticulous, strict, relentless
‫ مدقق‬mudaqqiq precise, exact (data)
2 2
‫ داقرة‬dāqira pl. ‫ دواقر‬dawāqir elay vessel
(tun.); -- stipend for underprivileged
students (tun.)
‫ دقشوم‬daqšūm (eg.) rubblestone, crushed rock;
brickbats, gravel
‫ دقع‬daqi‘a a (daqa‘) to grovel, cringe; to be
miserable, wretched, humble, abject; to
live in poverty IV do.; to make miserable (
‫ ه‬s.o.; poverty)
‫ ادقاع‬iddiqā‘ mass poverty
‫ مدقع‬mudqi‘ miserable, wretched;
degrading, abasing (poverty)
‫ دقل‬daqal mast (of a ship); mainmast; (coll.; n.
un. ‫ )ة‬a brand of dates of good quality
(magr.)
1
‫ دك‬dakka u (dakk) to make flat, level or even,
to smooth, level, ram, stamp, tamp (‫ھـ‬
earth, the ground, a road); to press down,
weigh down; to beat down; to devastate,
demolish, destroy, ruin (‫ ھـ‬s.th.) II to mix,
mingle (‫ ه‬s.th.) VII to be crushed; to be
leveled
‫ دك‬dakk pl. ‫ دكوك‬dukūk level ground; --
devastation, demolition, destruction
‫ دكة‬dakka pl. -āt rubblestone, crushed
rock; hallast
‫ دكة‬dikka pl. ‫ دكك‬dikak bench
‫ دكان‬dukkān pl. ‫ دكاكين‬dakākīn2 bench;
store, shop
‫ دكانجي‬dukkānjī storekeeper,
shopkeeper, retailer
‫ مدك‬midakk pl. -āt ramrod; O tamper rammer
2
‫ دك‬II to provide (‫ ھـ‬trousers) with a waist-
band (dikka or tikka)
‫ دكة‬dikka (= ‫ تكة‬tikka) waistband (in the
upper seam of trousers)
‫ دكتاتورية‬diktātūrīya dictatorship
‫ دكتاتورى‬diktātūrī dictatorial
‫ دكتور‬duktūr pl. ‫ كاترة‬dakātira doctor │ ‫دكتور في‬
‫الحقوق‬doctor of laws, LL.D.; ‫دكتور في الطب‬
(ṭibb) doctor of medicine, M.D.
‫ دكتوراة‬duktūrāh doctorate, doctorship,
doctor’s degree, title of doctor │ ‫الدكتور‬
‫( الفخرية‬fakrīya) honorary doctorate 288
‫ ادكر‬see ‫ذكر‬
‫( دكريتو‬It. decreto) dikrītō pl. ‫ دكريتات‬decree
1
‫ ادكن‬adkan2, f. ‫ دكناء‬daknā’2 pl. ‫ دكن‬dukn
blackish, dark (color)
‫ داكن‬dākin dark, dark-colored │‫احضر‬
‫ داكن‬dark green; ‫ اصفر داكن‬yellowish, of a
dingy yellow, mud-colored
2
‫ دكان‬see 1‫دك‬
‫ دل‬dalla a (‫ داللة‬dalāa) to show, demonstrate,
point out (‫ على ه‬to s.o. s.th.); to lead,
guide, direct, conduct (‫ الى‬or ‫ على ه‬s.o. to),
show s.o. (‫ )ه‬the way (‫ الى‬or ‫ على‬to); to
show, indicate, mark (‫ على‬s.th.); to point (
‫ على‬to s.th.), evince, indicate, denote,
imply, bespeak, suggest (‫ على‬s.th.), be
indicative, be suggestive (‫ على‬of); to
furnish evidence (‫ على‬for s.th.), prove (‫على‬
s.th.); -- (1st pers. perf. dalaltu) i (‫دالل‬
dalīl) to be coquettish, flirt, dally (of a
woman; ‫ على‬with s.o.) II to prove (‫على‬
s.th.), furnish the proof (‫ على‬for), confirm,
corroborate (‫ ب على‬s.th. with); to sell or
put up at auction, auction off (‫ على‬s.th.); to
pamper, coddle, spoil (‫ ه‬s.o.); to fondle,
caress, pet (‫ ه‬a child) IV to make free, take
liberties (‫ على‬with s.o.); to pride o.s. (‫ب‬
on), be conceited (‫ ب‬of) V to be
coquettish, flirt, dally (of a woman; ‫على‬
with s.o.); to be coy, behave affectedly; to
take liberties (‫ على‬with s.o.); to pamper,
coddle (‫ على‬s.o.) X to ask to be shown (‫على‬
s.th.); to seek information, inform o.s. (‫على‬
about); to obtain information; to be
informed (‫ على‬about); to be guided (‫ ب‬by),
act or proceed in accordance with (‫ ;)ب‬to
conclude, gather, infer (‫ على‬s.th., ‫ ب‬or ‫من‬
from), draw conclusions (‫ ب‬or ‫ من‬from,
‫ على‬with regard to), judge (‫ على‬s.th., ‫ ب‬or
‫ من‬by)
‫ دل‬dall proper, dignified conduct;
coquetry, flirtation
‫ دلة‬dalla pl. ‫ دالل‬dilāl pot with long
curved spout and handle used for making
coffee (among Syrian nomads and in some
parts of Saudi Arabia)
‫ دالل‬dalāl coquetry, coquettishness;
pampering, coddling, spoiling
‫ دليل‬dalīl pl. ‫ ادلة‬adilla, ‫ دالئل‬dalā’l2, ‫ادالء‬
adillā’2 (the latter of persons) indication (
‫ على‬of); sign, token; symptom; proof,
evidence (‫ على‬of); guide; tourist guide,
cicerone; pilot (of a ship, of an airplane);
guidebook, guide manual, handbook;
directory, telephone directory; railroad
guide, timetable; guide rail (tech.); roller
path (in steel construction) │‫اقام الدليل على‬
to furnish the proof for, demonstrate,
prove s.th.; ‫( دليل ظرفي‬ẓarfī) circumstantial
evidence; ‫ دليل قاطع‬cogent proof,
conclusive evidence
‫ دالل‬dallāl auctioneer; broker, jobber,
middleman, agent, commission merchant;
hawker
‫ داللة‬dalāla pl. -āt pointing; guidance;
leading, leadership; indication (‫ على‬of);
sign, token; sense, meaning
‫ داللة‬dilāla auction, public sale;
business of a broker or middleman;
brokerage commission; trade of a dealer,
jobber or agent
‫ داللة‬dallāla middlewoman, woman
broker
‫ ادل‬adall2 proving more cogently (‫على‬
s.th.), more indicative or suggestive (‫على‬
of) │‫( ادل دليل على‬dalīlin) the surest
evidence of, the best proof of
‫ تدليل‬tadlīl reasoning, argumentation,
demonstration; proving (‫ على‬of),
furnishing of proof or evidence (‫ على‬for);
corroboration, substantiation,
confirmation; pampering, oeddling,
spoiling; fondling, petting, caressing; pet
form (of a name) │‫ اسم التدليل‬pet name; ‫تدليال‬
‫ من‬a pet form of ...
‫ تدلل‬tadallul coquetry, coquettishness;
pampering, coddling, spoiling 289
‫ استدالل‬istidlāl reasoning, argumentation,
demonstration; conclusion, inference,
deduction; proof, evidence (‫ على‬of)
‫ دالة‬dālla familiarity, chumminess; liberty (that
one takes with s.o.); audacity. boldness
‫ مدلول‬madlūl proven; (pl. -āt) meaning,
sense │‫ مدلوالت الكلمات‬m. al-kalimāt lexical
meanings
‫ مدلل‬mudallal pampered, spoiled (child)
‫ مدل‬mudill presumptuous, arrogant │‫مدل‬
‫( بنفسه‬bi-nafsihī) conceited, self-important
1
‫ دل‬dulb plane tree, sycamore (bot.)
2
‫ دولب‬pl. ‫ دواليب‬look up alphabetically
‫ دلتا‬Nile Delta, Lower Egypt
‫ دلج‬IV to set out at nightfall
‫ دلوح‬dalūḥ pl. ‫ دلح‬duluḥ moisture-laden cloud
‫ دلدل‬daldala to set into a swinging motion,
dangle II tadaldala to hang loosely,
dangle
‫ دلدل‬duldul and ‫ دلدول‬duldūl porcupine
(zool.)
‫ دلس‬II to swindle, cheat; to counterfeit, forge,
falsify (‫ ھـ‬s.th.) III to deceive, defraud (‫ه‬
s.o.), impose (‫ ه‬on)
‫ تدليس‬tadlīs deceit, fraud; swindle
‫ تدليسي‬tadlīsī fraudulent
‫ مدلس‬mudallas forged, counterfeit │‫نقود‬
‫ مدلسة‬counterfeit money; ‫ مفاتيح مدلسة‬forged
keys
‫ دلع‬dala‘a a (dal‘) with ‫ لسانه‬lisānahū: to stick
out one’s tongue; to loll, let the tongue
hang out II to pamper, spoil (‫ ه‬a child); to
caress, fondle, pet (‫ ه‬s.o.) IV ‫شيء يدلع نفسه‬
(eg.) a nauseating, disgusting thing VII to
stick out, be stuck out, hang out, loll
(tongue); to dart out, lick out, leap out.
dare up (dame), break out (fire); to be
pampered, spoiled (child)
‫ دلع‬dal‘: ‫ اسم الدلع‬ism ad-d. pet name
‫ دالع‬dallā‘ (coll.; n. un. ‫ )ة‬watermelon
(magr.)
‫ دلغان‬dilgan clay
‫ دلف‬dalafa i (dalf, ‫ دلوف‬dulūf, ‫ دلفان‬dalafān) to
walk with short steps. toddle; to go or
walk slowly, saunter, stroll (‫ الى‬to); to
advance (Jo toward); to approach step by
step (‫ الى‬s.o. or s.th.); to penetrate, reach (
‫ الى‬as far as); to grope (‫ الى‬for, of the
hand); to leak, drip, trickle (water)
O ‫ دالف‬dālif pl. ‫ دوالف‬dawālif2 ricochet
(mil.)
‫ دلفين‬dulfīn pl. ‫ دالفين‬dalāfīn2 dolphin
‫ دلق‬dalaqa u to spill, pour out (‫ ھـ‬a liquid) VII
to be spilled (liquid)
‫ دلك‬dalaka u (dalk) to rub (‫ ھـ‬s.th.); to stroke (
‫ ھـ‬s.th.), pass the hand (‫ ھـ‬over s.th.); to
knead (‫ العجين‬the dough); -- u (‫ دلوك‬dulūk)
to set, go down (sun) II to rub (‫ ھـ‬s.th., ‫ه‬
s.o.), embrocate (‫ ھـ‬s.th.); to knead; to
massage (‫ ه‬s.o.)
‫ دلك‬dalk rubbing; grazing, brushing,
touching, touch
‫ دلوك‬dalūk liniment
‫ دلوك‬dulūk, ‫ دلوك الشمس‬d. aš-šams sunset
‫ تدليك‬tadlīk embrocation; massage
‫ مدلكة‬mudallika pl. -āt masseuse
‫ دله‬II to rob s.o. (‫ )ه‬of his senses, drive (‫ ه‬s.o.)
crazy (love) V to go out of one’s mind, go
crazy (with love) │‫( تدلھت في حبه‬ḥubbihī)
she has fallen in love with him
‫ مدله‬mudallah madly in love 290
‫ دلھم‬IV idlahamma to be dark, gloomy; to be
deep-black
‫ دلھم‬dalham dark, gloomy; deep-black
‫ ادلھمام‬idlihmām a deep black
‫ مدلھم‬mudlahimm dark, gloomy; deep-
black
‫ دلو‬II to let hang, dangle (‫ ھـ‬s.th.); to hang,
suspend (‫ ھـ‬s.th.); to lower (‫ ھـ‬s.th.); to
drop, let down, let fall down (‫ ھـ‬s.th.) IV =
II; to cast down (‫ ھـ‬glances, ‫ الى‬on s.o.); to
let one’s glance (‫ بانظاره‬bi-anẓārihī) sweep
down; to express, utter, voice (‫ ب‬s.th.,
e.g., ‫ برأيه‬bi-ra’yihī one’s opinion); to
deliver, make (‫ بتصريح‬a statement; pol.); to
adduce, present, advance, offer (‫ بحجة‬bi-
ḥijjatin an argument); to inform, notify,
advise (‫ ب الى‬s.o. of), let (‫ الى‬s.o.) know (‫ب‬
about); to offer, present (‫ ب الى‬to s.o.
s.th.); to grant, give (‫ بحديث ل‬an interview
to s.o.); to slander, defame: asperse (‫في‬
s.o.) │‫( ادلى دلوه بين الدالء‬dalwahū, dilā’) or
‫ ادلى بدلوه في الدالء‬to make one’s
contribution (together with others), add
one’s touch, put in one’s two bits’ worth
V to hang down, be suspended, dangle (‫ب‬
from); to be lowered, be let down; to be or
become low; to sink, descend │‫تدلى للسقوط‬
to threaten to fall down, be ready to fall
‫ دلو‬dalw usually f., pl. ‫ ادل‬adlin, ‫دالء‬
dilā’, ‫ ادالء‬adlā’ leather bucket; bucket,
pail; Aquarius (astron.)
‫ دالية‬dallāya pendant
‫ ادالء‬idlā’ delivery (of a statement);
utterance, statement; presentation;
granting
‫ دالية‬dāliya pl. ‫ دوال‬dawālin waterwheel
(for irrigation); trellis, espalier on which
grapevines are trained; varix, varicose
vein
‫ متدل‬mutadallin pendent, suspended,
hanging, dangling; projecting,
overhanging, ready to fall down
‫ داليا‬look up alphabetically
1
‫ دم‬dam pl. ‫ دماء‬dimā’ blood; ‫ دماء‬homicide
cases (jur.) │‫ دم األخوين‬d. al-akawain
dragon’s blood (a dark-red, resinous
substance derived from the dragon tree,
Dracaena draco)
‫ دمي‬damī blood- (in compounds),
sanguine
‫ دموي‬damawī blood- (in compounds),
sanguine; sanguinary, bloody
2
‫ دم‬damma u (damm) to coat, smear, besmear (
‫ ب ھـ‬s.th. with); to paint, daub, color, dye,
tinge, tint (‫ ب ھـ‬s.th. with) II to rub,
embrocate, anoint (‫ ب ھـ‬s.th. with)
‫ دم‬damm ointment, unguent, salve,
liniment, embrocation; paint; pigment,
dye, dyestuff; rouge
‫ دمام‬dimām ointment, unguent, salve,
liniment, embrocation; paint; pigment,
dye, dyestuff; rouge
‫ دميم‬damīm pl. ‫ دمام‬dimām ugly;
deformed, misshapen │ ‫دميم الخلقة‬d. al-
kilqa ugly to look at, of repulsive
appearance
‫ دمامي‬damāma ugliness; ugly
appearance; abominableness, monstrosity
‫ الدمام‬ad-dammām Dammam (seaport in
E Saudi Arabia, on the Persian Gulf)
‫ دمث‬damuta u (‫ دماثة‬damāta) to be gentle, mild
(character) II to soften, mellow (‫ ھـ‬s.th.)
‫ دمث‬damit pl. ‫ دماث‬dimāt: ‫دمث األخالق‬
gentle, mild-tempered
‫ دماثة‬damāta mildness, gentleness,
tenderness (of character)
‫ دمج‬damaja u (‫ دومج‬dumūj to enter (‫ في‬s.th.), go
or come into (‫)في‬, be inserted,
incorporated (‫ في‬in) II to write shorthand
IV to twist tightly, twine firmly (‫ ھـ‬s.th.);
to enter, insert, include, incorporate,
embody (‫ في ھـ‬s.th. in); to 291 introduce,
interpolate, intercalate (‫ في ھـ‬s.th. in); to
annex (‫ في‬s.th. to) VII to be inserted, be
incorporated (‫ في‬in); to be annexed (‫ في‬to);
to merge (‫ في‬with), be swallowed up, be
absorbed (‫ في‬by); to be fused, fuse,
amalgamate
‫ تدميج‬tadmīj shorthand, stenography
‫ ادماج‬idmāj insertion, incorporation,
interpolation; inclusion (‫ في‬in);
assimilation
‫ اندماج‬indimāj incorporation, insertion (
‫ في‬in); amalgamation, merger, merging (‫في‬
with); absorption (‫ في‬by); annexation (‫في‬
to); fusion; assimilation
‫ مدمج‬mudmaj firm, compact
‫ مندمج‬mundamij firm, compact, tight
‫ دمجانة‬damajāna (also ‫ )دامجانة‬pl. -āt demijohn,
carboy
‫ دمدم‬damdama to mutter, grumble, growl, snarl
‫ دمدم‬damdama pl. -āt growl, snarl;
rumbling noise, rumble
1
‫ دمر‬damara u to perish, he ruined, he
destroyed II to annihilate, destroy, ruin,
demolish, wreck (‫ ھـ‬s.th.) V to he
destroyed, demolished, ruined, wrecked
VII to he destroyed, be annihilated
‫ دمار‬damār ruin, destruction
‫ تدمير‬tadmīr annihilation, destruction,
demolition
‫ اندمار‬indimār utter defeat, rout,
destruction, annihilation
‫ مدمرة‬mudammira pl. -āt destroyer
(naut.)
2
‫دمور‬dammūr (eg.) a coarse calico-like fabric
‫ دموري‬dammūrī (eg.) made of dammūr
(see above)
3
‫ دميرة‬damīra (eg.) flood season of the Nile
4
□ ‫ال دومرى‬lā dūmarī (= ‫ )ال تدمري‬nobody, no
one, not a living soul
5
‫ تدمر‬tadmur2, usually pronounced tudmur,
Palmyra (ancient city in Syria, now a
small village)
‫ تدمري‬tadmurī, usually pronounced tudmurī,
someone, somebody; ‫ ال تدمري‬nobody, no
one, not a living soul
‫ دمس‬damasa u to hide, conceal, disguise (‫ھـ‬
s.th.); to bury (‫ ه في األرض‬s.o. in the
ground) II do.
‫ دمس‬dims (eg.) cinders, ashes
‫ دماسة‬damāsa darkness
‫ ادماس‬admās (pl.) hovels, shanties, huts
 ‫ دموس‬dammūs pl. ‫ دماميس‬damāmīs2
cave, cavern
‫ ديماس‬daimās, dīmās, ‫ ديموس‬daimūs pl.
‫ دياميس‬dayāmīs2 dungeon; vault
‫ دامس‬dāmis pitch-dark; dark, gloomy,
dusky
‫ فول مدمس‬fūl mudammas stewed beans
‫ دمشق‬dimašq2, dimišq2 Damascus (capital of
Syria)
‫ مدمشق‬mudamšaq damascened,
damasked; (syr.) having adopted a
sophisticated style of living (imitating that
of Damascus), urbanized
‫ دمع‬dama‘a a to water (eye) IV to cause to
weep, evoke tears, make (the eyes) water
‫ دمع‬dam‘ pl. ‫ دموع‬dumū‘ tears
‫ دمعة‬dam‘a (n. un.) tear, teardrop; (eg.)
dim‘a gravy
‫ دمعي‬dam‘ī: ‫( قنبلة دمعية‬qunbula) teargas
bomb
‫ دمعة‬dam‘a and ‫ دميع‬damī’ pl. ‫دمعى‬
dam‘ā, ‫ دمائع‬damā’i‘2 readily inclined to
weep, frequently weeping, tearful,
lachrymose (woman) 292
‫ دموع‬damū‘ and ‫ دماع‬dammā‘ watering,
watery, tearful (eyes)
‫ مدمع‬madma‘ pl. ‫ مدامع‬madāmi‘
lachrymal canal
1
‫ دمغ‬damaga a to refute, invalidate (‫ ھـ‬a
falsehood, an error, a false accusation); to
triumph (‫ ھـ‬over falsehood; said of truth)
‫ دماغ‬dimāg pl. ‫ ادمغة‬admiga brain
‫ دامغة‬dāmiga cogent argument; ‫شھادة‬
‫( دامغة‬šahāda) irrefutable testimony
2 ‫ دمان‬dumān see ‫دومان‬
‫ دمغ‬damaga u (damg) to stamp, provide or
mark with a stamp (‫ ھـ‬s.th.); to hallmark (
‫ ھـ‬gold and silver articles); to brand (‫ ھـ‬an
animal)
‫ دمغ‬damg stamping │‫ دمغ المصوغات‬d.
al-maṣūgāt hallmarking of gold and silver
articles
‫ دمغة‬damga stamp; hallmark (on gold
and silver articles) │‫ ورق دمغة‬waraq d.
stamped paper
‫ مدموغ‬madmūg stamped, bearing a stamp
‫ دمقراطي‬dimuqrāṭī democratic; democrat
‫ دمقراطية‬dimuqrāṭīya democracy;
democratic attitude or conviction
‫ دمقس‬dimaqs raw silk
‫ دمقسي‬dimaqsī silken, silky
‫ مدموك‬madmūk and ‫ مدمك‬mudmak firm, tight,
taut
‫ دمل‬damala u (daml, ‫ دمالن‬damalān) to
fertilize, manure, dung (‫ ھـ‬the soil); --
damila a (damal) to heal, heal up, scar
over, cicatrize (wound) VII to heal, heal
up, scar overt cicatrize (wound); to fester,
suppurate (sore)
‫ دمل‬dummal (n. un. ‫ )ة‬pl. ‫ دمامل‬damāmil
2
, ‫ دماميل‬damāmīl2 abscess, boil, sore,
tumor, ulcer; furuncle; bubo, plague boil;
inveterate evil
‫ طاعون دملي‬ṭā‘ūn dummalī bubonic
plague
‫ دملج‬dumluj pl. ‫ دمالج‬damālij2, bracelet, bangle
1
‫ دمن‬damana u (damn) to fertilize, manure,
dung (‫ ھـ‬the soil) IV to give o.s. up, devote
o.s., apply o.s. (‫ على‬or ‫ ھـ‬to), go in for (‫على‬
or ‫ ;)ھـ‬to be addicted (‫ على‬e.g., to liquor)
‫ دمن‬dimn (coll.; n. un. ‫ )ة‬pl. ‫ دمن‬diman
fertilizer, manure, dung
‫ دمنة‬dimna pl. ‫ دمن‬diman vestiges or
remnants of a dwelling, ruins
‫ دمان‬damān fertilizer, manure, dung
‫ ادمان‬idmān addiction; excess; mania;
dipsomania │‫ ادمان المسكرات‬i. al-muskirāt
alcoholism
‫ مدمن‬mudmin addicted, given up (‫على‬
e.g., to wine); an addict (‫ على‬of)
2
‫ دمنھور‬damanhūr2 Damanhur (city in N Egypt)
‫ دموي‬see 1‫دم‬
1
‫ دمى‬damiya a to bleed II and IV to cause to
bleed
‫ دام‬dāmin bleeding, bloody, gory
‫ مدمى‬mudamman, f. ‫ مدماة‬bloody; blood-
red
2
‫ دمية‬dumya pl. ‫ دمى‬duman statue, statuette;
image, effigy; dummy; doll
‫ دمياط‬dimyāṭ2 Damietta (city in N Egypt)
‫ دن‬danna u (dann, ‫ دنين‬danīn) to buzz, hum
(insect); to drone
‫ دن‬dann and ‫ دنين‬danīn buzz(ing),
hum(ming), droning, drone ‫ دانق‬look up alphabetically
‫ دن‬dann pl. ‫ دنان‬dinān earthen wine jug
293
‫ دنأ‬dana’a a and ‫ دنؤ‬danu’a u (‫ دنوءة‬dunū’a,
‫ دناءة‬danā’a) to be low, mean, base, vile,
contemptible, despicable
(‫ دنو‬and ‫ دنى( دنا‬danū u (‫ دنو‬dunūw, ‫دناوة‬
‫ دنيء‬danī’ pl. ‫ ادنياء‬adniyā’2, ‫ ادناء‬adnā’
low, base, mean, vile, despicable,
contemptible; inferior, second-rate, of
poor quality
‫ ادنأ‬adna’2 lower, viler, meaner; more
inferior, of poorer quality
‫ دناءة‬danā’a lowness, baseness,
meanness, vileness; inferiority
‫ دنتلة‬,‫( دنتال‬Fr. dentelle) dantilla lace, lacework
‫ دنجل‬dinjil (eg.) pl. ‫ دناجل‬danājil2 axle, axle-tree
‫( دندرمه‬Turk. dondurma) dandurma ice cream
‫ دنادشة‬danādiša common people, people of no
consequence
‫ دندن‬dandana to buzz, hum; to drone; to hum
softly, croon (a song); to murmur
‫ دندي‬dindī (eg.) turkey
‫ دينار‬pl. ‫ دنانير‬look up alphabetically
‫ دنس‬danisa a (danas) to be soiled, sullied,
defiled, polluted II to stain, soil, dirty,
befoul, sully, pollute, contaminate (‫ھـ‬
s.th.); to dishonor, disgrace (‫ ھـ‬s.th.); to
desecrate (‫ ھـ‬s.th.) V pass. of II
‫ دنس‬danas pl. ‫ ادناس‬adnās uncleanness,
dirt, filth, squalor; stain, blemish, fault
‫ دنس‬danis pl. ‫ ادناس‬adnās, ‫ دنساء‬dunasā’2
unclean, soiled, sullied, foul, polluted,
defiled, stained
‫ تدنيس‬tadnīs pollution, defilement,
soiling, sullying, contamination;
dishonoring, disgracing; desecration,
profanation
‫ دنف‬danifa a (danaf) to be seriously ill IV do.
‫ دنف‬danif pl. ‫ ادناف‬adnāf seriouly ill
‫ دنف‬danaf long illness; O cachexia,
marasmus (med.)
‫ مدنف‬mudnif, mudnaf emaciated,
haggard, weak
‫ دنقلة‬dunqula Dongola (town in N Sudan, on
the Nile)
‫دنكل = دنجل‬
‫ دنمرك‬danmark2 Denmark
danāwa) to be near, be close; to come or
go near s.o. or s.th. (‫ من‬or ‫ الى‬or ‫)ل‬,
approach (‫ ل‬،‫ الى‬،‫ من‬s.o., s.th.); to come
close, get close (‫ ل‬،‫ الى‬،‫ من‬to), approximate
(‫ ل‬،‫ الى‬،‫ من‬s.th.); to draw near, be
imminent (time, event); ‫ دنا به من‬to bring
s.o. close to ...; -- ‫ دني‬daniya a (‫ دنا‬danan,
‫ دناية‬danaya) to be low, lowly; to be or
become mean, base, vile, despicable,
contemptible II to bring close (‫ ھـ‬s.th., ‫ه‬
s.o., ‫ من‬to), bring, take or move (‫ ھـ‬s.th., ‫ه‬
s.o.) near (‫)من‬, approximate (‫ ھـ‬s.th., ‫من‬
to); to apply o.s. (‫ في‬to s.th.), busy o.s. (‫في‬
with s.th.), delve (‫ في‬into); ‫دنى نفسه‬
(nafsahū) to lower o.s., abase o.s., humble
o.s. III to approach (‫ ه‬s.o., ‫ ھـ‬s.th.), come
or get near s.o. or s.th. (‫ ھـ‬،‫)ه‬, come or get
close (‫ ه ھـ‬to); to approximate (‫ ھـ‬s.th.); to
measure up (‫ ه‬،‫ ھـ‬to) │‫( شيء ال يدانى‬yudānā)
an unequaled thing IV to be near, be
close; to approach (‫ من‬or ‫ الى‬or ‫ ل‬s.o. or
s.th.), come, go or draw near s.o. or s.th. (
‫ ل‬،‫ الى‬،‫)من‬, come close, get close (‫ ل‬،‫ الى‬،‫من‬
to); to bring close (‫ ه‬s.o., ‫ ھـ‬s.th., ‫ من‬to),
bring, take or move (‫ ه‬s.o., ‫ ھـ‬s.th.) near (
‫)من‬, approximate (‫ ھـ‬s.th., ‫ من‬to); to lower,
drop (‫ ھـ‬s.th., e.g., the veil) V to approach
gradually (‫ الى‬s.th. or s.o.); to be debased,
sink low, sink, decline; to lower o.s.,
abase o.s., humble o.s. VI to come near
each other, get close to each other,
approach one another; to 294 be close
together; to approach, approximate (‫من‬
s.th.) VIII ‫ ادنى‬iddanā to be near, be close,
come or draw near, approach X to wish to
be nearer or closer, try to come nearer or
closer; to seek to fetch or bring closer (‫ھـ‬
s.th., ‫ الى‬to, to o.s.), reach out (‫ ھـ‬for s.th.),
wish (‫ اليه ه‬for s.th.)
 ‫ دنو‬dunūw advent, approach; proximity,
nearness, imminence (of an event)
‫ دنى‬danīy pl. ‫ ادنياء‬adniyā’ near, close;
low, lowly; mean, base, vile, despicable,
contemptible, inferior, infamous, depraved
‫ دنية‬danīy pl. -āt, ‫ دنايا‬danāyā a base
quality or habit; s.th. disgraceful, infamy,
vile action
‫ ادنى‬adnā, f. ‫ دنيا‬dunyā pl. m. ‫ادان‬
adānin, ‫ ادنون‬adnūn pl. f. ‫ دنى‬dunan nearer,
closer; situated lower down, nether; lower,
inferior; lowlier; smaller, of less
significance; more appropriate, better
suited, more suitable │‫( الشرق األدنى‬šarq)
the Near East; ‫( المغرب األدنى‬magrib)
Algeria; ‫( ادنى من حبل الوريد‬ḥabli al-warīd)
very near or close, imminent; ‫األقارب األدنون‬
the closest relatives; ‫من ادناه الى اقصاه‬
(aqṣāhū) from one end to the other;
wholly, entirely, completely, altogether;
‫( الحد األدنى‬ḥadd) the minimum; ‫ادناه‬
hereinafter, below (in writings,
documents, etc.) e.g., ‫الموقعون ادناه‬
(muwaqqi‘ūn) those signed below, the
undersigned; ‫( ال ادنى‬with foll. genit.) not
the least, not a single, not one
‫ دنيا‬dunyā (f. of ‫ ادنى‬adnā) world; earth;
this world (as opposed to ‫ ;)آخرة‬life in this
world. worldly existence; worldly.
temporal things or possessions; earthly
things or concerns │‫ الحياة الدنيا‬life in this
world; ‫ ام الدنيا‬umm ad-d. Cairo; ‫اقام الدنيا‬
‫ واقعدھا‬aqāma d-d. wa-aq‘adahā approx.:
to kick up a dust, make a stir, move
heaven and earth
‫ دنيوي‬dunyawī, ‫ دنياوي‬dunyāwī worldly,
mundane, secular; earthly, temporal,
transitory, transient
‫ دناوة‬danāwa nearness, closeness,
proximity, propinquity; lowness,
lowliness; meanness, baseness, vileness
‫ دناية‬danāya lowness, lowliness;
meanness, baseness, vileness
‫ تدن‬tadannin sinking, decline; low
level, nadir (fig.) │‫( التدني األخالقي‬aklāqī)
the low level of morality, the moral
1
decline
‫ دان‬dānin low; near, close
‫ متدان‬mutadānin close together
‫ دھر‬dahr pl. ‫ دھور‬duhūr, ‫ ادھر‬adhur time; long
time, age, epoch; lifetime; eternity; fate,
destiny │‫ بنات الدھر‬banāt ad-d. blows of
fate, trials, afflictions, misfortune; ‫تصاريف‬
‫ الدھر‬and ‫ صروف الدھر‬vicissitudes of fate.
changes of fortune; adversities, adverse
circumstances; ‫ دھر الداھرين‬dahra d-
dāhirīn for all eternity, foever and ever;
‫ الى أخر الدھر‬ilā ākir d-d. do.; ‫ الدھر كله‬... ‫ال‬
(ad-dahra kullahū) never in all one’s life
‫ دھري‬dahrī an adherent of the dahrīya,
a materialistic, atheistic doctrine in Islam;
atheist, freethinker
‫ دھري‬duhrī very old, far advanced in
years
‫ دھس‬dahasa a (= ‫ )داس‬to trample underfoot,
trample down, crush (‫ ھـ‬s.th.), tread (‫ ھـ‬on
s.th.); to run over (‫ ه‬s.o.)
‫ دھش‬dahiša a and pass. duhiša to be
astonished, amazed, surprised (‫ من‬or ‫ ل‬at);
to wonder, marvel (‫ من‬at); to be baffled,
startled, puzzled, perplexed, taken aback (
‫ من‬or ‫ ل‬by) II and IV to astonish, amaze,
surprise, baffle, puzzle, perplex, startle (‫ه‬
s.o.) VII = dahiša 295 ‫ دھش‬dahaš
perplexity, surprise, consternation, alarm,
dismay
‫ دھش‬dahiš astonished, amazed,
surprised; baffled, puzzled, nonplused,
perplexed, startled, disconcerted, alarmed,
upset; dazed, stunned
‫ دھشة‬dahša astonishment, amazement,
surprise, wonder; perplexity,
consternation, bafflement, bewilderment,
dismay, alarm
‫ اندھاش‬indihāš astonishment,
amazement; perplexity, consternation,
bafflement, bewilderment
‫ مدھش‬mudhiš astonishing, amazing,
surprising, marvelous; pl. -āt amazing
things, marvels, wonders
‫ مدھوش‬madhūš and ‫ مندھش‬mundahiš
astonished, amazed, surprised; perplexed,
baffled, puzzled, nonplused, startled;
overwhelmed
‫ دھق‬dahaq stocks (to hold the feet of an
offender by way of punishment)
‫ دھاق‬diḥāq full (cup), brimful
2
‫دھقان‬dihqān, pl. ‫ دھاقنة‬dahāqina, ‫دھاقين‬
dahāqīn2 man of importance, one who
plays an important role, leading
personality; grandee (in ancient Persia) │
‫ دھاقين السياسة‬d. as-siyāsa the political
leaders
‫ دھك‬dahaka a (dahk) to crush; to mash (‫ھـ‬
s.th.)
‫ دھلز‬II tadahlaza to stroll about, walk about (in
a hall)
‫ دھليز‬dihlīz pl. ‫ دھاليز‬dahālīz 2 anteroom,
vestibule, lobby, foyer; corridor, hall-way
│‫ ابن الدھليز‬ibn ad-d. pl. ‫ابناء الدھاليز‬
foundling
‫ دھلي‬dihlī Delhi
‫ دھم‬dahama a (dahm) and dahima a (daham)
to come or descend (‫ ه‬upon s.o.) suddenly;
to surprise, take unawares, take by
surprise (‫ ه‬s.o.), come unexpectedly (‫ ه‬to
s.o.); to enter suddenly, raid, invade (‫ھـ‬
s.th.) II to blacken (‫ ه‬s.th.) III to befall,
seize, grip, attack (‫ ه‬s.o.), come over s.o. (
‫ ;ه‬e.g., sickness, despair); to surprise, take
unawares, catch red-handed (‫ ه‬s.o.); to
attack suddenly (‫ ه‬s.o.), fall upon s.o. (‫)ه‬,
invade, raid (‫ ه‬e.g., a house); to overtake (‫ه‬
s.o.; fate), catch up with (‫ )ه‬IX to be black
‫ دھمة‬duhma blackness
‫ ادھم‬adham2, f. ‫ دھماء‬dahmā’ 2, pl. ‫دھم‬
duhm black, deep-black │‫داھية دھماء‬
(dahiya) disaster, catastrophe
‫ الدھماء‬ad-dahmā’ 2 the masses, the
common people, the populace, also ‫دھماء‬
‫الناس‬
‫ مداھمة‬mudāhama police raid; house
search
‫ مدھم‬mudhamm very dark, pitch-dark
‫ دھن‬dahana u (dahn) to oil (‫ ھـ‬،‫ ه‬s.th., s.o., ‫ب‬
with); to anoint (‫ ھـ‬،‫ ه‬s.th., s.o., ‫ ب‬with); to
grease, smear (‫ ھـ‬،‫ ب‬s.th., s.o., ‫ ب‬with); to
rub, embrocate (‫ ھـ‬،‫ ه‬s.th., s.o., ‫ ب‬with); to
paint, daub (‫ ه‬s.th.); to varnish (‫ ھـ‬s.th.) II
do. III to treat with gentleness (‫ ه‬s.o.); to
cajole, flatter (‫ ه‬s.o.), fawn (‫ ه‬on s.o.); to
cheat, dupe, gull, take in, outsmart (‫ ه‬s.o.)
V pass. of I
‫ دھن‬dahn oiling, greasing; painting,
daubing
‫ دھن‬duhn pl. ‫ ادھان‬adhān, ‫ دھون‬duhūn,
-āt, ‫ دھان‬dihān oil (edible, lubricating, for
the skin); fat, grease
‫ دھن‬duhnī oily, oil, oleic, oleo- (in
compounds); fatty, greasy
‫ دھنيات‬duhnīyāt fats, oils; fatty
substances
‫ دھناء‬dahnā’ desert
‫ دھان‬dahhān house painter, painter
‫ دھينة‬dahīna pomade 296
‫ دھان‬dihān pl. -āt, ‫ ادھنة‬adhina cosmetic
cream, cold cream, salve, ointment,
unguent; consecrated oil, anointing oil;
paint, varnish; hypocrisy, dissimulation,
deceit; -- (without pl.) painting, daubing;
whitewashing │ ‫( ورشة للدھان‬warša)
paintshop
‫ مداھنة‬mudāhana flattery, adulation,
sycophancy, fawning; hypocrisy,
dissimulation; deceit, trickery
‫ مداھن‬mudāhin flatterer, adulator,
sycophant; hypocrite
‫ مدھن‬mudhin oily; fatty, greasy
‫ دھور‬dahwara to hurl down (‫ ھـ‬s.th.); to tear
down, topple, overthrow (‫ ھـ‬s.th.) II
tadahwara pass. of I; to fall, tumble; to
slump, sink; to be dragged down, sink to
the lowest level
‫ تدھور‬tadahwur fall, downfall; decline,
slump
‫ دھي‬dahiya a (‫ دھاء‬dahā’) to be clever, smart,
cunning, artful, wily; -- dahā a to befall,
overtake, hit, strike (‫ ه‬s.o.), come over s.o.
(‫ ;ه‬misfortune) II = dahā VI to pretend to
be smart or cunning
‫ دھاء‬dahā’ smartness, slyness,
shrewdness, subtlety, cunning, craft
‫ ادھى‬adhā smarter, shrewder; craftier,
wilier; more skillful, subtler, more
resourceful; worse, more calamitous
‫ داه‬dāhin pl. ‫ دھاة‬duhāh smart, sly,
shrewd, subtle, cunning, wily, artful;
resourceful person
‫ داھية‬dāhiya smart fellow, old fox, sly
dog
 ‫ داھية‬dāhiya pl. ‫ دواه‬dawāhin calamity,
disaster, catastrophe │‫( داھية دھياء‬dahyā’)
and ‫( داھية دھماء‬dahmā’) disaster,
catastrophe; ‫( فليذھب في داھية‬fal-yadhab) let
him go to hell!
2
□ ‫ مدود‬midwad = ‫مذود‬
‫ )داء )دوء‬dā’ pl. ‫ ادواء‬adwā’ disease, malady │
‫ داء الثعلب‬d. at-ta‘lab alopecia, loss of the
hair; O ‫ داء الرقص‬d. ar-raqṣ St. Vitus’s
dance; O ‫ داء الفيل‬d. al-fīl elephantiasis; ‫داء‬
‫ المنطقة‬d. al-minṭaqa shingles, herpes
zoster (med.)
‫ دواء‬see ‫دوى‬
‫ دوب‬II to wear out, wear off (‫ ھـ‬s.th.)
‫ دوبرة‬dūbara packthread, string, twine, cord,
rope; thread
‫ دوبيت‬dūbait a rhymed poem consisting of four
hemistichs
‫ دوح‬VII to spread
‫ دوح‬dauḥ branching trees, branches
‫ دوحة‬dauḥa tall tree with many
branches; family tree, genealogical table
‫ داحة‬dāḥa top (child’s toy)
‫ )داخ )دوخ‬dāka u (dauk) to conquer, subjugate (
‫ الى‬a. country); to resign o.s., humble o.s.;
to be or become dizzy, have a feeling of
dizziness; to feel ill, be sick, feel nausea II
to conquer, subjugate (‫ ھـ‬a people); to
make submissive, subdue, humble,
humiliate, degrade (‫ ه‬s.o.); to make (‫ ه‬s.o.)
dizzy; to molest, bother, trouble (‫ ه‬s.o.); to
daze, stun (‫ ه‬s.o.) │‫( دوخ رأسه‬ra’sahū) to
make s.o.’s head go round, make s.o.
dizzy
‫ دوخة‬dauka vertigo, dizziness; coma;
nausea
‫ دائخ‬dā’ik dizzy
‫ تدويخ‬tadwīk subjugation, conquest
1
‫ دود‬II to be or become worm-eaten
‫ دود‬dūd (coll.; n. un. ‫ )ة‬pl. ‫ ديدان‬dīdān
worm; maggot; larva; caterpillar │ ‫دودة‬
‫ الحرير‬and ‫ دود القز‬d. al-qazz silkworm; ‫دود‬
‫ القرع‬d. al-qar‘, ‫( دود قرعي‬qar‘ī) ascarids;
‫ دود القرمز‬d. al-qirmiz cochineal; ‫دود المش‬
٢٩٧ d. al-mišš cheese maggots; ‫الدودة الوحيدة‬
tapeworm
‫ دودي‬dūdī wormlike, worm-shaped,
vermiform.
‫ مدود‬madūd, mudawwid wormy, worm-
eaten
‫ )دار )دور‬dāra u (daur, ‫ دوران‬dawarān)to turn,
revolve, rotate, move in a circle (،‫على‬
‫ حول‬,‫ ب‬around s.th. or s.o.), circle (،‫على‬
‫ حول‬،‫ ب‬s.th. or s.o.); to begin to turn or
rotate; to circulate; to go round, spread,
be current, make the rounds (of
rumors, etc.); to run, be in operation
(of a machine or engine); to start
running, start up (engine); to walk or
go about, run around; to roam, rove,
move about, wander about, gad about;
to make the rounds (‫ على‬among
people), turn successively (‫ على‬to
several people); to turn, turn one’s
face, wheel around; to veer, shift,
change its direction; to change, take a
different turn, become different; to turn
(‫ على‬against s.o.); to have to do, deal (
‫ حول‬or ‫ على‬with), treat (‫ حول‬or ‫ على‬of),
refer (‫ حول‬or ‫ على‬to), bear (‫ حول‬or ‫على‬
on), concern (‫ حول‬or ‫ على‬s.th.); to take
place, be going on, be in progress, be
under way; to be discussed, be talked
about (‫ بين‬among); to circulate, pass
around (‫ ب‬s.th.); to lead, guide or
&how around (‫ ب‬s.o.); to let roam, let
wander (‫ بعينه‬،‫ بنظره‬bi-naẓarihī,
bi-‘ainaihi one’s eyes, one’s glance, ‫في‬
over) │‫ در‬dur! about face! (command;
mil.); ‫( دار رأسه‬ra’suhū) to be or
become dizzy, giddy; ‫دار مع الفرص‬
(furaṣ) to trim sail, adapt o.s. to the
situation; ‫( دارت رحى الحرب‬raḥā l-ḥarb)
war broke out; ‫المعارك التي دارت رحالھا‬
‫ امس‬the battles that raged yesterday; ‫دار‬
‫( بنفسه‬bi-nafsihī) it passed through his
mind; ‫( دار على األلسن‬alsun) to be much-
discussed, be on everyone’s lips; ‫دار‬
‫( على األفواه واسالت األقالم‬afwāh, asalāt
al-aqlāmi to be current in both the
spoken and written language, be in
general use, be generally accepted
(e.g., words); ‫دار بالدا واكل اعيادا‬
(bilādan, a‘yādan) he had bean around
in the world and had seen a lot;
(colloq.) ‫( دار باله‬bālahū) to pay
attention (‫ على‬،‫ الى‬to), be careful (،‫الى‬
 ‫ على‬with); ‫ دارت عليھم الدائرة‬calamity
overtook them II to turn in a circle,
spin, whirl, rotate, revolve (‫ ھـ‬،‫ ب‬s.th.);
to turn, turn around (‫ ھـ‬،‫ ب‬s.th.); to
invert, reverse (‫ ھـ‬،‫ ب‬s.th.); to make
round, to round (‫ ھـ‬s.th.); to circulate,
pass around (‫ ھـ‬s.th.); to set going, set
in motion, start (‫ ھـ‬s.th.); to wind (‫ ھـ‬a
watch, a clock); to look, search (‫على‬
for s.th.) │‫( دور رأسه‬ra’sahū) to turn
s.o.’s head, persuade s.o., bring s.o.
round III to go or walk around (‫ ه‬with
s.o.); to try to bring (‫ ه‬s.o.) round; to
ensnare, inveigle (‫ ه‬s.o.); to try to
ensnare (‫ ه‬s.o.); to try to deceive (‫ه‬
s.o.); to cheat, trick (‫ على‬or ‫ عن ه‬s.o. out
of s.th.); to get away, escape, dodge,
duck out IV to turn, revolve, rotate,
spin, whirl (‫ ب‬,‫ ھـ‬s.th.); to turn around,
turn (‫ ب‬،‫ ھـ‬s.th., ‫ رأسه الى‬one’s head
toward); to direct (‫ على‬or ‫ الى ھـ‬s.th. to,
toward), aim (‫ على‬or ‫ الى ھـ‬s.th. at); to
circulate, pass around (‫ ھـ‬s.th.); to set
in operation, set going, set in motion (
‫ ھـ‬a machine, an apparatus); to start,
start up (‫ المحرك‬al-muḥarrik the
motor); to play, play back (‫ ھـ‬e.g.,
‫ شرائط ناطقة‬tapes); to act upon s.th. (‫)ھـ‬,
drive (‫ ھـ‬s.th.); to get under way (‫ ھـ‬a
job, a project); to take up (‫ ھـ‬s.th.); to
initiate (‫ ھـ‬s.th.); to divert, turn away (
‫ ه‬,‫ عن ھـ‬s.o., s.th. from); to direct,
conduct, steer, manage, head, run (‫ھـ‬
s.th.), be in charge (‫ ھـ‬of); to revolve in
one’s mind, think over, ponder (‫ ھـ‬s.th.,
‫ ان‬that) │‫( ادار بوجھه الى‬bi-wajhihī) to
turn around to s.o., look back at s.o.;
‫( ادار رأسه‬ra’sahū) to turn s.o.’s head,
persuade s.o., bring s.o. round; ‫ادار‬
‫ الحديث في الموضوع‬to bring 298
conversation around to a topic, broach
or discuss a subject V to be or become
round; to be circular X do.; to circle,
rotate, revolve, spin, turn; to turn (‫الى‬
to), face (‫ الى‬s.o.); to turn around; to
turn one’s head, look back; to circle (
‫ حول‬s.th.), walk around s.th. (~‫)حول‬
‫ دار‬dār f., pl. ‫ دور‬dūr, ‫ ديار‬diyār, ‫ديارات‬
diyārāt, ‫ ديرة‬diyara house; building,
structure, edifice; habitation, dwelling,
abode; residence, home; seat, side,
locality; area, region; land, country (esp.
pl. ‫ ديار‬see below │‫ دار اآلثار‬museum (of
antiquities); ‫ دار البريد‬post office; ‫ دار البقاء‬d.
al-baqā’ the eternal abode, the hereafter;
‫( الدار الباقية‬bāqiya) do.; ‫ انتقل للدار الباقية‬to
pass away, die; ‫( ال دار البيضاء‬baiḍā’)
Casablanca (seaport in W Morocco); the
White House (in Washington); ‫دار التجارة‬
commercial house, business house; ‫دار‬
‫ الحرب‬d. al-ḥarb war zone, enemy territory
(Isl. Law: non-Muslim countries); ‫دار‬
‫ الرياسة‬seat of the chief executive of a
country; ‫ دار السعادة‬d. as-sa‘āda
Constantinople; ‫ دار السلطنة‬d. as-salṭana
Constantinople (designation before World
War I); ‫ دار السالم‬d. as-salām paradise,
heaven; epithet of Baghdad; Dar es
Salaam (seaport and capital of Tanganyika
Territory); ‫ دور السينما‬cinemas, movie
houses; ‫ دار السلطة‬d. aš-šurṭa police station;
‫ دار الصنعة‬or ‫ دار الصناعة‬arsenal; ‫دار صيني‬
(ṣīnī) cinnamon; ‫ دار الضرب‬d. aḍ-ḍarb and
‫ دار السكة‬d. as-sikka mint (building); ‫الديار‬
‫‘( العراقية‬irāqīya) Iraq; ‫ دار العلوم‬name of a
college in Cairo; ‫ دار الفناء‬d. al-fanā’ (as
opposed to ‫ دار البقاء‬see above) the
temporal world, this world; ‫ دار القضاء‬d. al-
qaḍā’ court of justice, tribunal; ‫ دار الكتب‬d.
al-kutub public library; ‫ دور اللھو‬d. al-lahw
amusement centers; night clubs; ‫دار التمثيل‬
theater, playhouse; ‫ دار الملك‬d. al-mulk
(royal) residence; ‫( الديار المصرية‬miṣrīya)
Egypt; ‫ دار الھجرة‬d. al-hijra Medina; ‫دار‬
‫ األيتام‬d. al-aitām orphanage, orphans’
home
‫ دارة‬dāra pl. -āt halo (of the moon);
circle; O (el.) circuit; O villa
‫ دارى‬dārī domestic, native
‫ دورى‬dūrī domestic (animal); ‫عصفور‬
‫‘( دوري‬uṣfūr) and ‫ دوري‬house sparrow
‫ دور‬daur pl. ‫ ادوار‬adwār round (of a
patrol; in sports); role, part (played by s.o.
or s.th.); film role, stage role; periodic
change, rotation, alternation; crop
rotation; period; (one’s) turn; phase, stage,
step, degree, station; epoch, age. era; fit,
attack, paroxysm (of a disease); floor,
story; musical composition; number,
single performance (within a program) │
‫( دور وتسلسل‬wa-tasalsul) vicious circle,
circulus vitiosus; ‫( دور نھائي‬nihā’ī) final
round, finals (athlet.); ‫ دور االنعقاد‬d. al-
in‘iqād session, term (parl.); ‫الدور األول‬
(awwal) or ‫ دور البطولة‬d. al-buṭūla leading
role, starring role; ‫ قام بدور‬or ‫لعب دورا‬
(la‘iba) to play a part or role; ‫دور ارضي‬
(arḍī) ground floor, first floor; ‫ كان دوره‬it
was his turn; ‫ الدور له‬it is his turn; ((‫انا‬
‫ بدوري‬I for one; (I) for my part, (‫ھو( بدوره‬
he in turn, (he) for his part; ‫بالدور‬
alternately, by turns
‫ دورة‬daura pl. -āt turn, revolution,
gyration, rotation; circulation; cycle;
circuit; round, patrol; procession (Chr.);
round trip; tour (in general, of an artist or
performer); detour; period (O also el.);
session (of parliament); course (of
instruction) (ir., syr.) │‫الدورة الدموية‬
(damawīya) blood circulation; ‫الدورة الجوية‬
(jawwīya) air circulation; (‫دورة اجتياز )تجاوز‬
‫ الرتبة‬d. ijtiyāz (tajāwuz) ar-rutba officers’
training course (mil., Syr.); ‫دورة زراعية‬
(zirā‘īya) crop rotation; ‫دورة تشريعية‬
(tašrī‘īya) legislative period; ‫ دورة الفلك‬d.
al-falak revolution of celestial bodies; ‫دورة‬
‫( التفافية‬iltifāfīya) flanking maneuver (mil.);
‫( دورة مالية‬mālīya) 299 financial period,
fiscal year; ‫ دورة المياه‬d. al-miyāh lavatory
(with running water), toilet, water closet
‫ دوري‬daurī patrolling, patrol- (in
compounds); periodic, occurring at
regular stated times, recurring,
intermittent; circulatory, cyclic, etc., see
‫ دور‬and ‫ دورة‬series (athlet.) ‫الجھاز الدوري‬
(jahāz) the circulatory system
‫ دورية‬daurīya pl. -āt patrol, round;
patrol, reconnaissance squad │‫دوريات‬
‫ االستكشاف‬reconnaissance squads, patrols
□ ‫ داورية‬dāwirīya = ‫ دورية‬daurīya
‫ دير‬dair pl. ‫ اديار‬adyār, ‫ اديرة‬adyira, ‫ديورة‬
duyūra monastery, convent, cloister
‫ ديري‬dairī monastic, ministerial,
cloistral
‫ ديرة‬dīra region, area, land, homeland
(bedouin)
‫ دوار‬duwār, dawār vertigo, dizziness,
giddiness; seasickness
‫ دوار‬dawwār rapidly or constantly
turning, whirling, spinning, rotating,
circling, circulating; revolving, rotary,
rotatory; whirlpool, eddy, vortex;
itinerant, ambulant, roving; (eg.) farm
building, farm │‫ باب دوار‬revolving door;
‫ بائع دوار‬peddler, hawker; ‫جھاز حفر دوار‬
(jahāz ḥafr) rotary drilling rig; ‫ دار الشمس‬d.
aš-šams sunflower
‫ ديار‬dayyār monastic, friar, monk
‫ ديرانى‬dairānī monastic, friar, monk
‫ دوارة‬dawwāra whirlpool, eddy, vortex;
compass, pair of dividers (syr.) │O ‫دوارة‬
‫ الھواء‬d. al-hawā’ weather vane
‫ دياري‬diyārī domestic; native
‫ دوران‬dawarān turn(ing), rotation,
revolution, gyration; circulation, circling,
circuiting; round trip, tour
‫ ادور‬adwar2 (elative): ‫ادور على األلسن‬
(alsun) more talked about, more
frequently expressed or discussed
‫ مدار‬madār pl. -āt orbit; circling,
circuiting, circuit, revolution; axis; pivot;
(fig.) that upon which s.th. turns or
depends, the central, cardinal, or crucial
factor, the pivot; center; subject, topic,
theme (of a conversation, of negotiations);
scope, range, extent, sphere; tropic
(geogr.); O steering wheel │‫مدار السرطان‬
m. as-saraṭān Tropic of Cancer, ‫مدار الجدي‬
m. al-jady Tropic of Capricorn; ‫كان مداره‬
‫ على‬it (i.e., the dispute, or the like) was
about ..., it hinged on ...; ‫( على مدار السنة‬m.
is-sana) throughout the year, all year
round
‫ تدوير‬tadwīr recitation of the Koran at
medium speed (between tartīl and ḥadr; a
technical term of tajwīd)
‫ مداورة‬mudāwara pl. -āt cheating,
humbug, trickery; outwitting; attempted
evasion or circumvention, shift, dodge;
persuasion, inveigling, ensnaring
‫ ادارة‬idāra turning; turning around or
over, reverting, reversion, inversion;
starting, setting in operation; operation;
drive (techn.); direction, management;
administration; administrative agency,
department, office, bureau │‫ ادارة األمن‬i.
al-amn the police; ‫‘( ادارة عرفية‬urfīya)
military administration; ‫ سوء اإلدارة‬sū’ al-i.
mismanagement, maladministmtion; ‫مجلس‬
‫ اإلدارة‬Majlis al-i. board of directors,
administrative board, committee of
management; ‫ مرنز اإلدارة‬markaz al-i.
administration center, headquarters
 ‫ اداري‬idārī administrative,
departmental; administrative officer;
manager (athlet.); ‫ اداريا‬idāriyan through
administrative channels, administratively,
officially
‫ استدارة‬istidāra roundness, rotundity,
circularity
‫ دائر‬dā’ir turning, revolving, spinning;
circulating; current (e.g., expression),
common; ambulant, itinerant; in progress,
300 under way j working, in operation;
running (machine, engine); round
‫ دائرة‬dā’ira pl. ‫ دوائر‬dawā’ir2 circle (also
math.); ring; circumference, perimeter,
periphery; sphere, scope, range, compass,
extent, circuit; field, domain (fig.); official
agency, department (esp. Ir., Syr., Leb.);
office, bureau; department of a court of
justice (Eg., Tun.); farm, country estate
(eg.); misfortune, calamity, affliction │‫في‬
‫ دائرة‬... within the framework of ...; ‫على شكل‬
‫‘ نصف دائرة‬alā šakli niṣfi d. semicircular;
‫ نقطة الدائرة‬nuqṭat ad-d. essential factor,
pivot, crucial point, crux; O ‫دائرة كھربائية‬
(kahrabā’īya) electric circuit; O ‫دائرة قصيرة‬
short circuit (el.); ‫دائرة المعارف‬
encyclopedia; ‫ دوائر الحكومة‬government
circles, ‫ العسكرية‬،‫)الدوائر الرسمية )السياسية‬
(rasmīya, siyāsīya, ‘askarīya) official
(political, military) circles or quarters
(journ.); ‫ دائرة االختصاص‬jurisdiction (of an
official agency, esp., of a court of justice);
‫( الدائرة السنية‬sanīya) civil list; ‫دائرة استئنافية‬
(isti’nāfīya) appellate court (Eg.; jur.);
‫( دائرة انتخابية‬intikābīya) electoral district;
‫ دارت عليه الدوائر‬to suffer adversities
‫ دائري‬dā’irī circular, ring-shaped,
annular
‫ مدور‬mudawwar round, circular
‫ مدير‬mudīr head, chief, director;
administrator; manager; intendant,
superintendent; rector (of a university);
mudir, chief officer of a mudiria, approx.
= governor (Eg.); (pl. ‫ مدراء‬mudarā’2)
administrative officer at the head of a
county (Syr., Leb., Ir., Saudi Ar.) │ ‫مدير‬
‫ الجوق‬m. al-jauq bandleader, conductor of
an orchestra
‫ مديرة‬mudīra directress; administratress
‫ مديرية‬mudīrīya direction;
administration; management; -- (pl. -āt)
mudiria, province (Eg.); approx.: main
department of a ministry (Ir.)
‫ مستدير‬mstadīr round; circular │‫مؤتمر‬
‫( المائدة المستديرة‬mu’tamar al-mā’idat al-m.)
roundtable conference
‫ دورق‬dauraq pl. ‫ دوارق‬dawāriq2 (eg.) bulging
vessel with a long, slender neck, carafe
‫ دوزن‬dauzana to tune (a musical instrument);
O to tune in (radio)
‫ دوزان‬dūzān and ‫ دوزنة‬dauzana tuning
(of a musical instrument); ‫ دوزنة‬O tuning
(radio)
‫( دوزينة‬It. dozzina) dōzīna dozen
‫ )داس )دوس‬dāsa u (daus, ‫ دياس‬diyās) to tread,
step (‫ ھـ‬on); to tread (‫ ھـ‬s.th.); to tread
down, trample down, trample underfoot,
crush (‫ ھـ‬s.th.); to thresh (grain); to treat
with disdain, humiliate (‫ ه‬s.o.); to run over
(‫ ه‬s.o.; automobile) VII pass. of I
‫ دوس‬daus treading, trampling, tread,
step
‫ ديسة‬dīsa dense forest, jungle, thicket
‫ دواسة‬dawwāsa pedal
‫ مداس‬madās shoe, sandal
‫ مدوس‬madūs, ‫ مداس‬mudās trodden,
trampled down; crushed; run over
‫ دوسنطاريا‬dusinṭāriyā, ‫دوسنتاريا‬dysentery
‫( دوسية‬Fr. dossier) dosyē, ‫ دوسيه‬dōsē pl. -āt
dossier, file
1
‫( دوش‬eg.) dawaš to irritate (‫ ه‬s.o.) or drive s.o.
crazy by noise
‫ دوشة‬dauša (eg.) din, noise, clamor, uproar,
hubbub, hullabaloo
2
‫(دوش‬Fr. douche) dūš pl. -āt shower, douche
‫( دوطة‬It. dote) dōṭa dowry
‫ دوغ‬II to imprint a mark, to brand
‫ داغ‬dāg pl. -āt brand (on cattle) 301
‫ )داف )دوف‬dāfa u (dauf) to mix, mingle (‫في ھـ‬
s.th. with); to add, admix (‫ في ھـ‬s.th. to)
‫ دوق‬dūq duke
‫ دوقة‬dūqa duchess
 ‫ دوقي‬dūqī ducal
‫ دوقية‬dūqīya dukedom, duchy
‫ دوك‬II to chatter, prattle
‫ دوك‬dauka din, row, hubbub, turnult,
confusion
1
‫ )دال )دول‬dāla u" (‫ دولة‬daula) to change
periodically, take turns, alternate, rotate;
to change, turn (time, fortune) │‫دالت دولة‬
‫ االستبداد‬the time of absolutism is over,
belongs to the past; ‫ دالت له الدولة‬fortune has
turned in his favor (‫ عليه‬against him) III to
alternate, rotate (‫ ه‬،‫ ھـ‬s.o., s.th.); to cause
to succeed by turns or to follow one
another (‫ األيام‬al-ayyāma the days; God); to
alternate (‫ بين‬between); to confer, talk (‫ه‬
with s.o., ‫ في‬about), discuss (‫ في ه‬with s.o.
s.th.) IV to give ascendancy, afford
superiority, give the upper hand (‫ من ه‬to
s.o. over); to make victorious, let triumph
(‫ على ه‬s.o. over), grant victory (‫ على ه‬to s.o.
over); to replace (‫ ب ھـ‬or ‫ من‬s.th. with),
exchange, substitute (‫ ب ھـ‬or ‫ من‬for s.th.
s.th.) │‫ اديل لبني العباس من بني امية‬udīla li-
banī 1-‘abbās min banī umayyata the rule
passed from the Ommaiads to the
Abbasides VI to alternate, take turns (‫ھـ‬
with or in s.th., e.g., in some work); to
hand each other s.th. (‫)ھـ‬, pass s.th. (‫)ھـ‬
alternately between themselves; to handle
alternately (‫ ھـ‬different things), take now
this, now that; to exchange (‫ الرأى‬ar-ra’y
views); to make frequent use (‫ ھـ‬of s.th.);
to confer, have a discussion, take counsel,
deliberate; to parley, negotiate; to
circulate, be in circulation, be current,
have currency │‫ تداولته األيدي‬tadāwalathu l-
aidī it passed from hand to hand, it made
the rounds, it circulated; ‫تداولته األلسن‬
(alsun) it passed from mouth to mouth, it
was the talk of the town, it was on
everybody’s lips
‫ دولة‬daula pl. ‫ دول‬duwal alternation,
rotation, change; change of time, turn of
fortune; dynasty; state, country; power,
empire │‫ صاحب الدولة‬title of the Prime
Minister; ‫ دولة رئيس الحكومة‬daulat r. al-ḥ.
His Excellency, the Prime Minister; ‫فخامة‬
‫ الدولة‬fakāmat ad-d. title of the President of
the Republic (Syr., Leb.); ‫الدولة العلية‬
(‘alīya) name of the ancient Ottoman
Empire; ‫( )الدول الكبرى )العظمى‬kubrā, ‘uẓmā)
the big powers; ‫( دولة منتدبة‬muntadaba)
mandatory power
‫( دولة‬dam., pronounced dōle = ‫ركوة‬
rakwa) metal vessel with long curved
handle used for making coffee
‫ دولي‬daulī state (adj.); duwalī
international
‫ دولية‬duwalīya internationality;
internationalism; the International
‫ دويالت‬duwailāt petty states, small
countries
‫ دواليك‬dawālaika alternately, by turns;
successively, one by one, one after the
other │‫( وھكذا دواليك‬wa-hākadā) and so
forth, and so on
‫ تدويل‬tadwīl internationalization
‫ مداولة‬mudāwala pl. -āt parley,
negotiation; deliberation, consultation;
discussion; mudāwalatan alternately, one
after the other, one at a time
‫ تداول‬tadāwul alternation, rotation;
circulation, currency; circulation of
money │‫ بالتداول‬alternately, by turns, one
by one
‫ متداول‬mutadāwal current, circulating,
in circulation; valid; common, in common
use, prevailing │‫( الكالم المتداول‬kalām) the
colloquial language 302
2
‫ دوال‬dawālin see ‫دول‬
‫ دوالب‬dūlāb pl. ‫ دواليب‬dawālīb2 wheel; tire;
gearing, gears, wheels, mechanism,
machine, machinery; closet, looker,
cabinet, cupboard │‫ دوالب المالبس‬wardrobe
‫ دوالر‬dūlār pl. -āt dollar
2
‫ )دام )دوم‬dāma u (daum, ‫ دوام‬dawām) to last,
continue, go on; to persevere, persist │ ‫ما‬
‫ دام‬mā dāma as long as; (the more so)
since, inasmuch as, as, because; while he
is ..., when he is ... ; ‫( ما دام حيا‬ḥayyan) as
long as he is alive; ‫( ما دمت معك‬dumtu) so
long as (or while) I am with you II to
move in a circle, turn, spin, revolve,
rotate, gyrate, circle; to turn, revolve, spin,
twirl (‫ ھـ‬s.th.) III to persevere, persist (‫على‬
in), apply o.s. diligently and steadily (‫على‬
to), pursue with diligence and
perseverance (‫ على‬s.th.); to continue IV to
cause to last or continue, perpetuate, make
 lasting, make permanent (‫ ھـ‬s.th.) X to
make (‫ ھـ‬s.th.) last or continue; to
continue, go on (‫ ھـ‬with s.th.)
‫ دوم‬daum continuance, permanence,
duration; ‫ دوما‬dauman constantly, at all
times, ever, always; -- doom palm (bot.)
‫ ديمة‬dīma pl. ‫ ديم‬diyam, ‫ ديوم‬duyūm
continuous rain
‫ دوام‬dawām duration, continuance,
permanence, perpetuity; uninterrupted
succession; endurance, perseverance;
abiding, stay (of s.o., ‫ في‬at a place); ‫دواما‬
dawāman and ‫ على الدوام‬permanently,
perpetually, at all times, ever, always │
‫ ساعات الدوام‬،‫ اوقات الدوام‬،‫ وقت الدوام‬working
hours, office hours (Ir., Syr.)
‫ ديمومة‬daimūma = ‫دوام‬
‫ دوامة‬duwwāma top (child’s toy);
whirlpool, eddy, vortex
‫ مداومة‬mudāwama perseverance,
endurance, persistence; continuance,
duration; continuation
‫ دائم‬dā’im lasting, enduring; endless,
eternal, perpetual, everlasting; perennial;
continued, continuous, continual,
incessant, unceasing, constant; permanent,
standing, established; durable │‫دائم التقدم‬
‫ والنمو‬d. at-taqaddum in a state of constant
progress and growth
‫ دائما‬dā’iman always │‫( دائما ابدا‬abadan)
always and ever
‫ دائمي‬dā’imī = ‫دائم‬
‫ مدام‬mudām wine
‫ مستديم‬mustadīm constant, continuous,
continual, incessant, uninterrupted
2
‫ دومان‬dūmān rudder, helm
‫ دومانجي‬dūmānjī steersman, helmsman
1
‫ دون‬II to record, write down, set down, put
down in writing (‫ ھـ‬s.th.); to enter, list,
register, book (‫ ھـ‬s.th.); to collect (‫ھـ‬
poems) │‫( دون شرطا‬šarṭan) to stipulate a
condition V to be recorded, be written
down, be put down in writing
‫ ديوان‬dīwān pl. ‫ دواوين‬dawāwīn2 account
books of the treasury (in the older Islamic
administration); divan, collection of
poems written by one author;
governmental office, administrative
office; chancellery, office, bureau,
secretariat; council or state, cabinet;
council, consultative assembly, board of
advisers, executive committee;
government; court or justice, tribunal;
hall; davenport, divan; (railway)
compartment │‫ لغة الدواوين‬lugat ad-d.
official jargon, officialese; ‫ديوان التفتيش‬
inquisitional court; the Inquisition
‫ ديواني‬dīwānī administrative,
administrational, official; an Ottoman
style of cursive (used by the secretaries of
the State Chancellery for treaties,
diplomas, firmans, etc.)
‫ تدوين‬tadwīn recording, writing down;
entry, listing. booking; registering,
registration 303
‫ مدونة‬mudawwana pl. -āt record, note;
entry: body of laws; pl. ‫ مدونات‬writings,
literature (on a given subject)
2
‫ دون‬dūn low, lowly; bad, poor, inferior;
meager, inadequate │ ‫عامله بالدون‬
(‘āmalahū) he snubbed him
‫ دون‬dūna (prep.) below, beneath, under
(in rank, value, etc.); this side of, short of;
before; without more than; with the
exclusion of, leaving ... aside,
disregarding ...; and not by any means, but
not │ ‫( دون ذلك‬with foll. nominative) on
the way to that, there is ... , before
accomplishing that one must …, ‫دون ذلك‬
‫( خرط القتاد‬karṭ al-qatad) before one can do
that, one must strip the tragacanth of its
leaves, i.e., accomplish the impossible;
‫ من دون‬،‫( بدون‬dūni) without; with the
exclusion of, excluding; ‫ بدون ان‬and ‫من دون‬
‫ ان‬without (+ foll. gerund in Engl.); ‫دونك‬
dūnaka (with foll. acc.) here you are!
take ...! watch out (‫ ھـ‬for)! beware (‫ ھـ‬of)!
‫ ھو دون‬he is below him, he doesn’t
measure up to him; ‫كان دونه أھمية‬
(ahammīyatan) to be of less importance
than ...; ‫ اثم دونه كل اثم‬itmun dūnahū kullu
itmin a sin to end all sins; ‫الذين ھم دون السن‬
‫( العسكرية‬sinn, ‘askarīya) those below the
age for military service; ‫دون ما نظر الى‬
(naẓarin) regardless of, irrespective of;
‫ دون ما فائدة‬with no benefit at all;
completely useless; ‫تخشى ان يسعدن دونھا‬
(takšā an yas‘adna) she is afraid they will
 be happier than she is; ‫تلك الكتب دون غيرھا‬
(kutub, gairihā) those books and no
others; ‫ان متعجب من فضلك دون علمك‬
(muta‘ajjib, faḍlika, ‘ilmika) I admire
your virtue, but not your knowledge, or, I
admire your virtue more than your
knowledge; ‫كم األفواه دون دون التذمر والشكوى‬
(kamma, tadammur, šakwā) he stopped
their mouths to keep them from muttering
and complaining; ‫اذا كان الغصن دون ما يحتمله‬
(guṣnu, yaḥtamiluhū) if the branch is not
strong enough to carry him; ‫وصل دونھم الى‬
‫الغاية‬it was he, not they, who reached the
goal; ‫( اشاحت بوجھھا دونه‬ašāḥat· bi-wajhihā)
she averted her face so that he could not
see her; ‫ حال دون الشيء‬to prevent s.th.; ‫األشعة‬
‫( دون الحمراء‬aši‘‘a, ḥamrā‘) the infrared
rays; ‫( الموجات دون القصيرة‬maujāt) ultra-
short waves (radio)
‫ دونم‬dūnum a square measure (Ir. = about 2500
m2; Pal. = roughly, 900 m2)
1 ‫( ديكور‬Fr. décor) pl. -āt décor, stage decoration
‫ دوى‬dawā and II to sound, resound, ring out;
to drone; to echo, reverberate III to treat (‫ه‬
a patient, ‫ ھـ‬a disease) VI to treat o.s. (with
a medicine); to be cured
‫ دوى‬dawan pl. ‫ ادواء‬adwā’ sickness,
illness, disease, malady
‫ دوي‬dawīy sound, noise, ring, clang,
roar, thunder, drone; echo, reverberation
‫ دواة‬dawāh (□ ‫ دواية‬dawāya) pl. ‫دوي‬
duwīy, diwīy, ‫ دويات‬dawayāt inkwell
‫ دواء‬dawā’ pl. ‫ ادوية‬adwiya remedy,
medicament, medication, medicine, drug
‫ دوائي‬dawd'i medicinal, medicative,
curative
‫ داء‬see ‫دوء‬
‫ دواء‬diwā’ treatment, therapy (med.)
‫ مداواة‬mudāwāh treatment, therapy
(med.)
‫ تداو‬tadāwin cure
2
‫( دوى‬Fr. douille) dūy socket (of a light bulb)
‫ ديالوج‬diyalōg (Eg. spelling) pl. -āt dialogue
‫ ديباج‬and ‫ ديباجة‬see ‫دبج‬
‫ ديوث‬dayyūt (□ ‫ )ديوس‬cuckold; procurer, pimp;
a variety of warbler (zool.)
‫ ديجور‬see ‫دجر‬
‫ الديجوليون‬ad-dēgōlīyūn (Eg. spelling) the
Gaullists 304
‫ ديدبان‬daidabān, daidubān pl. -āt, ‫ديادبة‬
dayādiba guard, sentry: sentinel │‫ديدبان‬
‫ المراكب‬ship’s pilot
‫ ديدن‬see ‫ددن‬
‫ ديراني‬،‫ ديار‬،‫ ديرى‬،‫ اديرة‬،‫ اديار‬،‫ ديرة‬،‫ دير‬see ‫دور‬
‫ ديس‬dīs diss (Ampelodesma tenax; bot.)
‫ ديسم‬see ‫دسم‬
‫ ديسمبر‬disembir, disambir December
‫ ديك‬dīk pl. ‫ ديكة‬dīka, ‫ ديوك‬duyūk, ‫ ادياك‬adyāk
cock, rooster │‫ ديك الحبش‬d. al-kabaš
turkey, turkey cock; ‫( ديك رومي‬rūmī) do.;
‫ وزن الديك‬wazn ad-d. bantam weight
‫ السعال الديكي‬as-su‘āl ad-dīkī whooping
cough
‫ديكتاتوري = دكتاتوري‬
‫ ديماس‬daimās, dīmās, ‫ ديموس‬daimūs pl. ‫دياميس‬
dayāmīs2 dungeon, vault
‫ ديمومة‬،‫ ديم‬،‫ ديمة‬see ‫دوم‬
‫ ديموطيقي‬dīmūṭīqī demotic (writing)
‫ ديمقراطي‬،‫ ديموقراطي‬dimuqrāṭī democratic;
democrat
‫ ديمقراطية‬,‫ ديموقراطية‬dimuqrāṭīya pl. -āt
democracy; democratic attitude or
conviction
1
‫ )دان )دين‬dāna i to borrow, take up a loan; to
be a debtor, be indebted; to owe (‫ ب ل‬s.o.
s.th., also, e.g., ‫( دان له بالشكر‬šukr) d. lahū
bi-š-šukr to owe s.o. one’s thanks; ‫ ب‬s.th.,
e.g., ‫ بالحياة‬bi-l-ḥayāh one’s life, ‫ ل‬to s.th.
or s.o.); to be indebted (‫ ب ل‬to s.o. for); to
be subject, subject o.s., bow, yield, (‫ ل‬to
s.o. or s.th.), be under s.o.’s (‫ )ل‬power,
owe allegiance (‫ ل‬to s.o.), obey (‫ ل‬s.o.); to
grant a loan, lend money (‫ ه‬to s.o.); to
subject, subjugate (‫ ه‬s.o.): to requite, repay
(‫ ه‬s.o.): to condemn (‫ ه‬s.o.), pass judgment
(‫ ه‬on s.o.) III to have a debt (‫ ه‬with s.o.),
be indebted (‫ ه‬to s.o.): to be the creditor (‫ه‬
of s.o.), have a money claim (‫ ه‬on s.o.) │
‫( داينه بمبلغ خمسة قروش‬bi-mablag kamsat q.)
he had a claim of five piasters on him IV
to lend money (‫ ه‬to s.o.): to sell on credit (
‫ ه‬to s.o.); to convict, find guilty,
 pronounce guilty (‫ ه‬s.o.) V to be indebted,
have debts; to subject o.s. (‫ ل‬to) VI ‫تداينوا‬
‫( بدين‬dain) to contract a mutual loan,
borrow money from each other X to make
or incur debts, take up a loan
‫ دين‬dain pl. ‫ ديون‬duyūn debt; pecuniary
obligation, liability: obligation (Isl. Law);
claim (Isl. Law), financial claim │‫ بالدين‬on
credit; ‫ رب الدين‬rabb ad-d. creditor; ‫ديون‬
‫ الحرب‬d. al-ḥarb war debts: ‫دين مضمون‬
bonded, or funded, debt; ‫دين ممتاز‬
(mumtāz) preferred, or privileged, debt;
‫( دين موحد‬muwaḥḥlad) consolidated debt;
‫( دين مطلق‬muṭlaq) debt not bound to the
physical person of the debtor, but
outliving him (Isl. Law); ‫دين مستغرق‬
(mustagriq) claims against an estate which
exceed or equal the assets (Isl. Law)
‫ دينونة‬dainūna judgment; Last Judgment
‫ الديان‬ad-dayyān the Judge (attribute of
God)
‫ مدينة‬madīna pl. ‫ مدائن‬madā’in2, ‫مدن‬
mudun town, city; ‫ المدينة‬Medina (city in W
Saudi Arabia); see ‫مدن‬
‫ ادانة‬idāna verdict of guilty: conviction
│‫ صدر الحكم بإدانته‬ṣadara l-ḥukmu bi-
idānatihī he was convicted
‫ استدانة‬istidāna incurrence of debts
‫ دائن‬dā’in creditor
‫ مديون‬madyūn indebted, in debt:
obligated, under obligation 305
‫ مديونية‬madyūnīya indebtedness
obligation
‫ مدين‬madīn owing; indebted, obligated,
under obligation; debtor │‫( مدين بالشكر‬šukr)
owing gratitude, much obliged; ‫كان مدينا ل‬
to be indebted to s.o., stand in s.o.’s debt
‫ مدين‬mudīn moneylender, creditor
‫ مدان‬mudān convicted, found guilty;
guilty; judged, condemned
2
‫ )دان )دين‬dāna i to profess (‫ ب‬a religion, a
conviction. etc.) │ ‫ دان باإلسالم‬to profess
Islam; ‫( دان بعاداته‬bi-‘ādātihī) to adhere to
one’s customs V to profess (‫ ب‬a religion)
‫ دين‬dīn pl. ‫ اديان‬adyān religion, creed,
faith, belief │‫ يوم الدين‬yaum ad-d. the Day
of Judgment
‫ ديني‬dīnī religious; spiritual │‫ الديني‬ir-
religious; O ‫ العلم الديني‬science of religion
‫ دين‬dayyin religious, pious, godly,
devout
‫ ديانة‬diyāna pl. -āt religion;
communion, confession, denomination,
sect │‫ صاحب الديانة‬founder of a religion
‫ ديان‬dayyān pious, godly, devout,
religious
‫ تدين‬tadayyun piety, godliness,
devoutness, religiousness, religiosity
‫ متدين‬mutadayyin pious, godly, devout,
religious
‫ متدينة‬mutadayyina religious community
‫ دينار‬pl. ‫ دنانير‬danānīr2 dinar, a monetary unit
(Ir., Jord.); pl. ‫ دنانير‬money
‫ ديناري‬dīnārī diamonds (of a deck of
cards)
‫ دينامو‬dīnāmō dynamo, generator
‫ ديناميت‬dīnāmīt dynamite
O ‫ دينم‬dainam pl. ‫ ديانم‬dayānim2 dynamo,
generator
‫ دية‬see ‫ودى‬
‫ ديوان‬pl. ‫ دواوين‬and ‫ ديواني‬see 1‫دون‬
‫ذ‬
‫( ذا‬demonstr. pron.) pl. ‫ اوالء‬ulā’i this one, this;
‫ بذا‬bi-dā by this, by this means, thereby; ‫لذا‬
li-dā therefore; ‫ كذا‬ka-dā so, thus, in this
manner; so and so, so and so much; ‫ھكذا‬
hā-ka-dā so, thus, in this manner; serves
as intensifier after interrogative pronouns
(roughly corresponding in English to such
phrase as: ... on earth, ... then, or the like):
‫ ماذا‬what on earth? ‫ لماذا‬why then? why in
heaven’s name? – ‫ ھو ذا‬huwa dā, f. ‫ھي ذي‬
hiya dī that one; look at that one; why,
that is ..., now if that isn’t ...!; ‫ھاءنذا‬
hā’anadā behold, it is I, here I am, pl. ‫ھا‬
‫ نحن اوالء‬hā naḥnu ulā’i; -- used as an
accusative in the construct state: master,
owner, or possessor of, with ‫ ذو‬nominative
(q.v.), ‫ ذي‬as genitive; -- ‫ ذاك‬dāka, f. ‫تاك‬
tāka, ‫ تيك‬tīka, pl. ‫ اوالئك‬ulā’ika this, this
one; ‫( اذ ذاك‬id) then, at that time; in those
days; -- ‫ ذلك‬dālika f. ‫ تلك‬tilka, pl. ‫اوالئك‬
 ulā’ika that, that one; ‫ بذلك‬bi-dālika by
that, by that means, in that manner; ‫ لذلك‬li-
dālika therefore; ‫ بعد ذلك‬ba‘da dālika after
that, upon that, thereafter, thereupon; ‫مع‬
‫ ذلك‬ma‘a dālika yet, still, 306 nevertheless,
for all that; ‫( وذلك ان‬anna) that is (to say),
namely, to wit; ‫( وذلك ألن‬li-anna) and that
is because ..., for the one reason that ...;
‫( ذلك بأن‬bi-anna) this is due to the fact
that ...; ‫ كذلك‬ka-dālika so, thus, in that
manner; equally, likewise, in the lame
manner; -- ‫ ذلكم‬dālikum f. ‫ تلكم‬tilkum, pl.
‫ اوالئكم‬ulā’ikum that one; -- ‫ ھذا‬hādā f. ‫ھذه‬
hādihī, ‫ ھذي‬hādī, pl. ‫ ھؤالء‬hā’ulā’I, dual m.
‫ ھذان‬hādāni, f. ‫ ھاتان‬hātāni this, this one,
see ‫( ھذا‬alphabetically)
‫ ذأب‬X to be wolflike, be fierce or cruel like a
wolf
‫ ذئب‬di‘b pl. ‫ ذئاب‬di’āb, ‫ ذؤبان‬du’bān dieb
(Canis anthus), jackal; wolf │ ‫مرض الذئب‬
‫ األحمر‬maraḍ ad-d. al-aḥmar name of a
noncontiguous skin disease
‫ ذؤابة‬du’āba pl. ‫ ذوائب‬dawā’ib2 lock,
strand (of hair); tuft, wisp
‫ ذاتي‬،‫ ذات‬and ‫ ذاتية‬see ‫ذو‬
‫ ذا‬see ‫ذا‬
‫ ذال‬dāl name of the letter ‫ذ‬
‫ ذب‬dabba u to drive away, chase away (‫ ه‬،‫ھـ‬
s.o., s.th.); to defend (‫ عن‬s.o., s.th.)
‫ ذباب‬dubāb (coll.; n. un. ‫ )ة‬pl. ‫اذبة‬
adibba, ‫ ذبان‬dibbān flies, fly │ ‫ذباب قارض‬
gadfly, horsefly
‫ ذبابة‬dubāba pl. -āt (n. un. of ‫ )ذباب‬fly;
tip (of the sword, or the like)
‫ ذبانة‬dubbāna, dibbāna fly; sight, bead
(on a firearm)
‫ مذبة‬midabba fly whisk, fly swatter
‫ ذبح‬dabaḥa a (dabḥ) to kill (by slitting the
throat); to slaughter, butcher; to massacre;
to murder, slay; to sacrifice, offer up,
immolate (‫ ھـ‬an animal) II to kill,
slaughter, butcher, massacre, murder
‫ ذبح‬dabḥ slaughtering, slaughter
‫ ذبح‬dibḥ sacrificial victim, blood
sacrifice
‫ ذبحة‬dibḥa, dubḥa angina (med.);
diphtheria │ ‫( الذبحة الصدرية‬ṣadrīya) angina
pectoris (med.); O ‫( الذبحة الفؤادية‬fu’ādīya)
do.
‫ ذباح‬dabbāḥ slaughtering, killing,
murdering; slaughterer, butcher
‫ ذبيح‬dabīḥ slaughtered
‫ ذبيحة‬dabīḥa pl. ‫ ذبائح‬dabā’iḥ2 slaughter
animal; sacrificial victim, blood sacrifice;
sacrifice, immolation; offering, oblation
‫ مذبح‬madbaḥ pl. ‫ مذابح‬madābiḥ2
slaughterhouse; altar (Chr.)
‫ مذبحة‬madbaḥa massacre, slaughter,
carnage, butchery
‫ ذبذب‬dabdaba to set into a swinging motion,
swing, dangle (‫ ھـ‬s.th.) II tadabdaba to
swing, pendulate; to oscillate (el.); to be
deflected (magnetic needle); to vibrate; to
fluctuate; to waver, vacillate, hesitate
‫ ذبذبة‬dabdaba pl. -āt pendulous motion,
pendulation; oscillation (el.); vibration
‫ تذبذب‬tadabdaba pendulous motion,
pendulation, swinging; oscillation (el.);
deflection (of a magnetic needle)
O ‫ مذبذب‬mudabdib oscillator (el.)
‫ مذبذب‬mudabdab fluctuating, variable;
vacillating, wavering, hesitant, unsteady
‫ متذبذب‬mutadabdib: ‫( تيار متذبذب‬tayyār)
oscillating current (el.)
‫ ذبل‬dabala, dabula u (dabl, ‫ ذبول‬dubūl) to be
wilted, to wilt, wither; to fade; to become
dry, dry up; to waste away; to become
dull, lose its luster (eye)
‫ ذبل‬dabl mother-of-pearl, nacre
‫ ذبالة‬dubāla wick
‫ ذابل‬dābil pl. ‫ ذبل‬dubul wilted, withered;
dry, dried up; faded (color); languid, dull,
lackluster, languishing (glance); feeble,
weak, tired 307
‫ ذحل‬daḥl pl. ‫ اذحال‬adḥāl, ‫ ذحول‬duḥūl
resentment, rancor, hatred;
revengefulness, vindictiveness; blood
revenge
‫ ذخر‬dakara a to keep, preserve, store away,
put away (‫ ھـ‬s.th.); to save, lay by (‫ ھـ‬s.th.)
VIII ‫ ادخر‬iddakara to keep, preserve, store
away, put away (‫ ھـ‬s.th.); to store,
accumulate, gather, hoard, amass (‫ ھـ‬s.th.);

to lay by (‫ ھـ‬s.th.); to save (‫ ھـ‬s.th., also
strength, trouble, etc.) │ ‫ادخر حبا ل‬
(ḥubban) to harbor love for; ‫ال يدخر جھدا‬
(juhdan) he spares no effort
‫ ذخر‬dukr pl. ‫ اذخار‬adkār s.th. stored
away, put by, hoarded, or accumulated;
stores, supplies; treasure
‫ ذخيرة‬dakīra pl. ‫ ذخائر‬dakā’ir2 treasure;
stores, supplies; provisions, food;
ammunition (mil.); (holy) relic
‫ ادخار‬iddikār storage; hoarding,
amassing, accumulation; storing,
gathering; saving
‫ مذخر‬mudakkir pl. -ūn assistant gunner,
ammunition passer (mil., Syr.)
‫ مذخر‬mudakkar pl. -āt supply
‫ مدخرة‬muddakira pl. -āt (Syr.) storage
battery, battery
1
‫ ذرة‬dura see ‫ذرو‬
2
‫ذر‬darra u (darr) to strew, scatter, spread (‫ھـ‬
s.th.); to sprinkle (‫ ب ھـ‬on s.th. s.th.) │ ‫ذر‬
‫(الرماد في عينيه‬ar-ramāda fī ‘ainaihī) to
throw dust in s.o.’s eyes; -- u (‫ ذرور‬durūr)
to rise, come up, rise resplendent over the
horizon (sun) │ ‫( ذر قرنه‬qarnuhū) it began
to show, it emerged
‫ ذر‬darr strewing, scattering, sprinkling;
(coll.) tiny particles, atoms, specks, motes
‫ ذرة‬darra (n. un.) pl. -āt atom; tiny
particle; speck, mote │ ‫ مثقال ذرة‬mitqāl d.
the weight of a dust particle, a tiny
amount; a little bit; ‫ مقدار ذرة‬miqdār d. a
tiny amount, a jot, an iota; ‫ذرة من الشك‬
(šakk) the least doubt
‫ ذري‬darrī atomic │ ‫( قنبلة ذرية‬qunbula)
atomic bomb; ‫( النشاط الذري‬našāṭ) and ‫طاقة‬
‫( ذرية‬ṭāqa) atomic energy
‫ ذرور‬darūr powder
‫ ذروري‬darūrī powdery, powdered,
pulverized
‫( ذريرة‬darīra pl. ‫ ذرائر‬darā’ir2 fragrant
powder, cosmetic scented powder
‫ ذري‬durrī of or pertaining to the
offspring or progeny
‫ ذرية‬durrīya pl. -āt, ‫ ذراري‬darārīy
progeny, descendants, children, offspring
3
‫ يذر‬yadaru see (‫)وذر‬
‫ ذرب‬dariba a (darab) to be sharp,
cutting
‫ ذرب‬darab diarrhea (med.)
‫ ذرب‬darib pl. ‫ ذرب‬durb sharp, cutting │
‫( جرح ذرب‬jurḥ) a malignant, incurable
wound
‫ ذراح‬durrāḥ pl. ‫ ذراريح‬darārīḥ2 Spanish fly,
blister beetle (zool.)
‫ ذرع‬dara‘a a (dar‘) to measure (‫ ھـ‬s.th.); to
take the measure or measurements (‫ ھـ‬of
s.th.); to cover (‫ ھـ‬a distance); to cross,
travel (‫ ھـ‬a country), travel through (‫ ;)ھـ‬to
intercede, intervene, mediate, put in a
word (‫ ل‬for s.o., on behalf of s.o., ‫ عند‬with
s.o. else) V to use, employ, apply (‫بذريعة‬
bi-darī‘a or ‫ بوسيلة‬bi-wasīla a means, an
expedient); to use as a pretext, as an
excuse (‫ ب‬s.th.); to use as a means (‫ب‬
s.th., ‫ الى‬to an end) VII to proceed,
advance; to intervene
‫ ذرع‬dar‘ power, ability, capability (‫ ب‬to
do s.th.) │‫ ضاق ذرعا ب‬and ‫ضاق عنه ذرعا‬
(dar‘an) not to be up to s.th., be unable to
do or accomplish s.th.; to be unable to
stand or bear s.th., be fed up with, be tired
of, feel uneasy about, be oppressed by 308
‫ ذراع‬dirā‘ f. and m., pl. ‫ اذرع‬adru‘, ‫ذرعان‬
dur‘ān arm; forearm; connecting rod;
cubit, in Syria = .68 m │in Egypt: ‫ذراع‬
‫( بلدي‬baladī) = .58 m, ‫ذراع استانبولي‬
(istanbūlī) = .665 m, ‫( ذراع ھندازة‬hindāza)
= .656 m, ‫( ذراع ﻣﻌﻤﺎري‬mi‘mārī) = ca. .
75 m, ‫( ذراع ﻣﻌﻤﺎري ﻣﺮﺑﻊ‬murabba‘) = .
5625 m; in Iraq: ‫( ذراع ﺣﻠﺒﻲ‬ḥalabī) =
ca. .68 m, ‫( ذراع ﺑﻐﺪادي‬bagdādī) or ‫ذراع‬
‫( ﺑﻠﺪي‬baladī) = ca. .80 m, ‫ذراع ﻣﻌﻤﺎري‬
see 800 above
‫ ذرﻳﻊ‬darī‘ stepping lively, walking
briskly; rapid, quick; torrential; rapidly
spreading, sweeping (death); devastating;
intercessor
‫ ذرﻳﻌﺔ‬darī‘a pl. ‫ ذراﺋﻊ‬darā’i‘2 medium,
means, expedient; pretext, excuse
‫ ذرف‬darafa i (darf, ‫ ذرﻳﻒ‬darīf, ‫ ذروف‬durūf,
‫ ذرﻓﺎن‬darafan) to flow, well forth (tears);
to shed (‫ ھـ‬tears; said of the eye) II to
exceed (‫ على‬an age) X to let flow, shed (‫ھـ‬
tears)
‫ ذرق‬daraqa i u (darq) to drop excrement
(bird) IV do.
‫ ذرق‬darq droppings, excrement (of a
bird)
(‫ ذرو‬and ‫ ذرى( ذرا‬darā u (darw) to disperse,
scatter (‫ ھـ‬s.th.); to carry off, blow away (
‫ ھـ‬dust; said of the wind); to winnow, fan (
‫ ھـ‬grain); -- ‫ ذرى‬darā i (dary) do. II do. IV
= I; to throw down, throw off (‫ ه‬،‫ ھـ‬s.o.,
s.th.) │ ‫( اذرت العين الدمع‬dam‘a) the eye
shed tears V to be winnowed, be fanned;
to climb (‫ ھـ‬on), scale (‫ ھـ‬s.th.); to seek
shade or shelter (‫ ب‬in, at, under); to take
refuge (‫ ب‬with), flee (‫ ب‬to) X to take
refuge (‫ ب‬with), place o.s. under s.o.’s (‫)ب‬
protection, flee (‫ ب‬to s.o.)
‫ ذرة‬dura durra, a variety of sorghum │
‫( ذرة ﺷﺎﻣﻲ‬eg.) Indian corn, maize (Zea
mays L.); ‫( ذرة ﺻﻔﺮاء‬ṣafrā’) do. (syr.);
‫( ذرة ﻋﻮﻳﺠﺔ‬eg.) a variety of millet
(Andropogon Sorghum Brot. var. Schwein
furtianus Kcke.); ‫( ذرة ﺑﻴﻀﺎء‬baiḍā’)
millet (syr.)
‫ ذرى‬daran protection, shelter
‫ ذروة‬durwa, dirwa pl. ‫ ذرى‬duran
summit; top; peak; culmination, climax,
acme, apex
‫ ﻣﺬرى‬midran and ‫ ﻣﺬارة‬midrāh pl.
‫ ﻣﺬار‬madārin winnow, winnowing fork
‫ ذﻋﺮ‬da‘ara a (da‘r) to frighten, scare, alarm,
terrify (‫ ه‬s.o.); pass. du‘ira to be
frightened (‫ ل‬by), get alarmed (‫ ل‬at); --
da‘ira a (da‘ar) to be terrified, alarmed,
dismayed IV to frighten, scare, alarm,
terrify (‫ ه‬s.o.) V and VII to be frightened,
become alarmed
‫ ذﻋﺮ‬du‘r fright, terror, alarm, panic
‫ ذﻋﺮ‬da‘ar fright, alarm, dismay,
consternation
‫ ذﻋﺎف‬du‘āf lethal, deadly, immediately killing
(poison) │ ‫( ﻣﻮت ذﻋﺎف‬maut) a sudden,
immediate death
‫ ذﻋﻖ‬da‘aqa a (da‘q) to frighten (‫ ه‬s.o.) by
screaming
‫ ذﻋﻦ‬da‘ana a (da‘an) and IV to submit, yield,
give in (‫ ل‬to s.o.), obey (‫ ل‬s.o., an order,
etc.); to concede voluntarily, grant
willingly (‫ ب ل‬to s.o. s.th.)
‫ اذﻋﺎن‬id‘ān submissiveness, pliability,
compliance, obedience
‫ ﻣﺬﻋﻦ‬mud‘in submissive, pliable,
tractable, obedient
‫ ﻣﺬﻋﺎن‬mid‘an pliable, tractable, docile,
obedient, obliging, compliant
‫ ذفر‬dafar pungent smell, stench
‫ ذقن‬daqan, diqan pl. ‫ اذقان‬adqān, ‫ ذقون‬duqūn
chin; -- daqn f., pl. ‫ ذقون‬duqūn beard,
whiskers │ ‫ ذقن الشيخ‬d. aš-šaik; worm-
wood, absinthe; ‫ خروا ألذقانھم‬karrū li-
adqānihim they prostrated themselves;
309 ‫( غرق في العمل حتى الذقن‬gariqa fī
l-‘amal) to be up to one’s neck in work, be
swamped by work (properly: to drown in
work); ‫( ضحك على ذقنه‬ḍaḥika) pl. ‫على ذقونھم‬
(eg., syr.) to fool s.o., make fun of s.o.,
lead s.o. around by the nose (‫ ب‬with s.th.);
to put on an act for s.o.; ‫ ضحك في ذقنه‬to
laugh in s.o.’s face
‫ ذﻛﺮ‬dakara u (dikr, ‫ ﺗﺬﻛﺎر‬tadkār) to
remember, bear in mind (‫ ھـ‬s.th.), think (‫ھـ‬
of); to keep in mind (‫ ھـ‬s.th.); to recall,
recollect (‫ ھـ‬s.th.); -- (dikr) to speek, talk (
‫ ھـ‬of, about); to name, mention, cite, quote
(‫ ھـ‬s.th.); to state, designate, indicate (‫ھـ‬
s.th.); to give (‫ ھـ‬e.g., foots, data); to point,
refer (‫ ھـ‬to s.th.); to report, relate, tell (‫ل ھـ‬
s.th. to s.o.) │ ‫ ﺗﻘﺪم ﻳﺬﻛﺮ‬taqaddumun
yudkaru notable progress; ‫ﻻ ﻳﺬﻛﺮ‬
(yudkaru) inconsiderable, not worth
mentioning; ‫( )ذﻛﺮه ﺑﺨﻴﺮ )ﺑﺎﻟﺨﻴﺮ‬kair) to
have pleasant memories of s.o., hold s.o.
in fond remembrance; to speak well of
s.o.; ‫( ذﻛﺮه ﺑﺸﺮ‬šarr) to have unpleasant
memories of s.o.; to speak ill of s.o. II to
remind (‫ ب ه‬s.o. of s.th.), point out (‫ ب ه‬to
s.o. s.th.), call s.o.’s (‫ )ه‬attention (‫ ب‬to); to
make (‫ ھـ‬a word) masculine (gram.) III to
parley, negotiate, confer, have a talk, take
counsel (‫ ه‬with s.o.); to memorize, commit
to memory, learn, study (‫ ھـ‬one’s
assignment, one’s lesson) │ ‫ذاﻛﺮ دروﺳﻪ‬
(durūsahū) to study one’s lessons, do
one’s homework IV to remind (‫ ھـ ه‬s.o. of
s.th.), call (‫ ھـ‬s.th.) to s.o.’s (‫ )ه‬mind V to
remember, bear in mind (‫ ھـ‬s.th.), think (‫ھـ‬
of s.th.) VI to remind each other (‫ ھـ‬of),
revive each other’s memory of (‫ ;)ھـ‬to
confer (together), have a talk, take counsel
VIII ‫ ادﻛﺮ‬iddakara = V; X to remember,
recall, keep in mind, know by heart (‫ھـ‬
s.th.)
‫ ذﻛﺮ‬dikr recollection, remembrance,
reminiscence, memory, commemoration;
reputation, repute, renown; naming,
stating, mention(ing), quoting, citation;
report, account, narration, narrative;
invocation of God, mention of the Lord’s
name; (in Sufism) incessant repetition of
certain words or formulas in praise of
God, often accompanied by music and
dancing │‫( ﻋﻠﻰ ذﻛﺮ‬with foll. genit.)
apropos of, speaking of ...; ‫وﻋﻠﻰ ذﻛﺮ ذﻟﻚ‬
speaking of that, incidentally, in that
connection; ‫ اﻟﺬﻛﺮ اﻟﺤﻜﻴﻢ‬the Koran;
‫ ﺳﺎﻟﻒ اﻟﺬﻛﺮ‬abovementioned, afore-
mentioned; ‫ ﺳﻌﻴﺪ اﻟﺬﻛﺮ‬of blessed
memory, deceased, late; ‫اﺷﺎد ﺑﺬﻛﺮه‬
(ašāda) to celebrate, praise, commend s.o.
or s.th., speak in glowing terms of s.o. or
s.th.; ‫( ﻣﺎ زال ﻋﻠﻰ ذﻛﺮ ﻣﻦ‬dikr min) he
still remembered ..., he could still recall ...
‫ ذﻛﺮ‬dakar pl. ‫ ذﻛﻮر‬dukūr, ‫ذﻛﻮرة‬
dukūra, ‫ ذﻛﺮان‬dukrān male; (pl. ‫)ذﻛﻮر‬
penis
‫ ذﻛﺮة‬dukra reputation, repute, renown
‫ ذﻛﺮى‬dikrā pl. ‫ ذﻛﺮﻳﺎت‬dikrayāt
remembrance, recollection, memory; pl.
reminiscences, memoirs
‫ ذﻛﻴﺮ‬dakīr steel
‫ ﺗﺬﻛﺎر‬tadkār, tidkār remembrance;
reminder, memento; memory,
commemoration; souvenir, keepsake;
memorial day │‫ ﺗﺬﻛﺎر ﺟﻤﻴﻊ اﻟﻘﺪﻳﺴﻴﻦ‬t.
jamī‘ al-qiddīsīn All Saints’ Day (Chr.)
‫ ﺗﺬﻛﺎري‬tadkārī, tidkārī serving to
remind, helping the memory; memorial,
commemorative
‫ ﺗﺬﻛﺮة‬tadkira reminder; memento
‫ ﺗﺬﻛﺮة‬tadkira, mostly pronounced
tadkara, pl. ‫ ﺗﺬاﻛﺮ‬tadākir2 message, note;
slip, paper, permit, pus; card; ticket;
admission ticket │ ‫ ﺗﺬﻛﺮة ﺑﺮﻳﺪ‬postcard;
‫ ﺗﺬﻛﺮة اﺛﺒﺎت اﻟﺸﺨﺼﻴﺔ‬t. itbāt aš-šakṣīya
identity card; ‫ ﺗﺬﻛﺮة ذﻫﺎب واﻳﺎب‬t. dahāb
wa-iyāb round-trip ticket; ‫ﺗﺬﻛﺮة اﻟﺮﺻﻴﻒ‬
(eg.) platform ticket; ‫ﺗﺬﻛﺮة اﺷﺘﺮاك‬
subscription ticket; ‫( ﺗﺬﻛﺮة ﻃﺒﻴﺔ‬ṭibbīya)
medical prescription; ‫ ﺗﺬﻛﺮة ﻣﺮور‬permit,
pass, laissez-passer; passport; ‫ﺗﺬﻛﺮة‬
٣١٠ ‫( اﻟﻨﻔﻮس‬Syr.) identity card (= ‫بطاقة‬
‫ شخصية‬Eg.); ‫ ﺗﺬﻛﺮة اﻻﻧﺘﺨﺎب‬t. al-intikāb
ballot
‫ ﺗﺬﻛﺮﺟﻲ‬tadkarjī, ‫ ﺗﺬﻛﺮي‬tadkarī ticket
seller, ticket clerk; (streetcar) conductor
‫ ﺗﺬﻛﻴﺮ‬tadkīr reminding (of s.o., ‫ ب‬of
s.th:). reminder, memento; fecundation,
pollination (of female blossoms; in
pomiculture)
‫ ﻣﺬاﻛﺮة‬mudākara pl. -āt negotiation,
consultation. conference; deliberation (of
a court; Syr.); learning, memorizing,
memorization; study
‫ ﺗﺬﻛﺮ‬tadakkur memory, remembrance,
recollection
‫ اﺳﺘﺬﻛﺎر‬istidkār memorizing,
memorization, committing to memory
‫ ذاﻛﺮة‬dākira memory
‫ ﻣﺬﻛﻮر‬madkūr mentioned; said, above-
mentioned; celebrated │ ‫ﻟﻢ ﻳﻜﻦ ﺷﻴﺌﺎ‬
‫ ﻣﺬﻛﻮرا‬lam yakun šai’an m. it was of no
importance, it was nothing
‫ ﻣﺬﻛﺮ‬mudakkar masculine (gram.)
‫ ﻣﺬﻛﺮة‬mudakkira pl. -āt reminder;
note; remark.; notebook; memorandum,
memorial, aide-mémoire, (diplomatic)
note; ordinance, decree; treatise, paper,
report (of a learned society, = Fr.
mémoires); pl. reminiscences, memoirs │
‫ ﻣﺬﻛﺮة اﻻﺗﻬﺎم‬m. al-ittihām bill of
indictment (jur.); ‫ ﻣﺬﻛﺮة اﻟﺠﻠﺐ‬m. al-jalb
writ of habeas corpus; ‫ﻣﺬﻛﺮة ﺷﻔﺎﻫﻴﺔ‬
(šifāhīya) verbal note (dipl.)
(‫ ذﻛﻮ‬and ‫ ذﻛﻰ( ذﻛﺎ‬dakā u (dukūw, ‫ ذﻛﺎ‬dakan,
‫ ذﻛﺎء‬dakā’) to blaze, flare up (fire); to
exude a strong odor; -- ‫ ذﻛﻲ‬dakiya (‫ذﻛﺎء‬
dakā’) to be sharp-witted, intelligent II
and IV to cause to blaze, fan (‫ ھـ‬the fire);
to kindle (‫ ھـ‬s.th.) II to immolate an
animal X = dakā
‫ ذﻛﺎء‬dakā’ acumen, mental, acuteness,
intelligence, brightness; -- dukā’2 the sun
‫ ذﻛﻲ‬dakīy pl. ‫ اذﻛﻴﺎء‬adkiyā’2
intelligent, sharp-witted, clever, bright;
redolent, fragrant; tasty, savory, delicious
‫ ذل‬dalla i (dall, dull, ‫ ذاللة‬dalāla, ‫ ذلة‬dilla, ‫مذلة‬
madalla) to be low, lowly, humble,
despised, contemptible II to lower, debase,
degrade, humiliate, humble (‫ ه‬,‫ ھـ‬s.o.,
s.th.); to subject, break, subdue, conquer (‫ه‬
s.o.); to overcome, surmount (‫ھـ‬
difficulties, obstacles) IV to lower,
debase, degrade, humiliate, humble (‫ ه‬,‫ھـ‬
s.o., s.th.); to subject, break, subdue,
conquer (‫ ه‬,‫ ھـ‬s.o. s.th.) V to lower o.s,
humble o.s., cringe (‫ الى‬or ‫ ل‬before s.o.);
to be humble, obsequious X to think (‫ه‬
s.o.) low or despicable; to think little (‫ه‬
of), disesteem (‫ ه‬s.o.); to deride, flout,
disparage, run down (‫ ه‬s.o.)
‫ ذل‬dull lowness, lowliness,
insignificance; ignominy, disgrace, shame,
degradation, humiliation; humility,
humbleness, meekness, submissiveness
‫ ذلة‬dilla lowness, baseness, vileness,
depravity; submissivness, obsequiousness
‫ ذليل‬dalīl pl. ‫ اذالء‬adillā’2, ‫ اذلة‬adilla low,
lowly; despised, despicable, contemptible;
docile, tractable, pliable; humble,
submissive, abject, servile; obsequious,
cowering, cringing ‫ ذلول‬dalūl pl. ‫ ذلل‬dulul
docile, tractable, gentie (animal); female
riding camel
‫ مذلة‬madalla humbleness, meekness,
submissiveness; humiliation
‫ تذليل‬tadlīl derogation, degradation,
bemeaning; overcoming, conquering,
surmounting (of difficulties, of an
obstacle, and the like)
‫ اذالل‬idlāl degradation, debasement,
humiliation
‫ تذلل‬tadallul self-abasement 311
‫ ذلذل‬duldul pl. ‫ ذالذل‬dalādil2 lowest, nethermost
part of s.th.; train, hem (of a garment) │
‫ ذالذل الناس‬the mob, the riffraff
‫ اذلف‬adlaf2, f. ‫ ذلفاء‬dalfā’, pl. ‫ ذلف‬dulf having a
small and finely chiseled nose
‫ ذلق‬dalq tip, point; tip of the tongue
‫ الحروف الذلق‬al-ḥurūf ad-dulq, ‫الحروف‬
‫ الذلقية‬and ‫( الحروف الذوللقية‬dulaqiya) the
liquids r, l, n (phon.)
‫ ذلق‬dalq, daliq, ‫ ذليق‬dalīq eloquent, glib,
facile (tongue)
‫ ذالقة‬dalāqa eloquence, glibness (of the
tongue)
‫ ذلك‬etc., see ‫ذا‬
‫ ذم‬damma u (damm, ‫ مذمة‬madamma) to blame,
find blameworthy, dispraise, criticize (‫ه‬
s.o.), find fault (‫ ه‬with s.o.) II to rebuke,
censure sharply (‫ ه‬s.o.)
‫ ذم‬damm censure, dispraise, derogation,
disparagement
‫ ذمة‬dimma pl ‫ ذمم‬dimam protection,
care, custody; covenant of protection,
compact; responsibility, answerableness;
financial obligation, liability, debt;
inviolability, security of life and property;
safeguard, guarantee, security; conscience
│‫ بالذمة؟‬honestly? really? seriously? ‫في‬
‫ ذمتي‬and ‫ على ذمتي‬upon my word, truly;
‫ في ذمته‬,‫ بذمته‬in s.o.’s debt, indebted to s.o.;
‫ ما بذمته‬his debt; ‫ على ذمته‬under s.o.’s
protection; at s.o.’s disposal; for the
benefit of s.o. or s.th., for s.o. or some
purpose (allocation of funds); ‫ھي على ذمته‬
she is financially dependent on him, he
has to support her; ‫ اھل الذمة‬ahl ad-d. the
free non-Muslim subjects living in
Muslim, countries who, in return for
paying the capital tax, enjoyed protection
and safety; ‫ طاھر الذمة‬of pure conscience,
upright, honest; ‫( برأ ذمته‬barra’a) to relieve
one’s conscience, meet one’s obligation
‫ ذمي‬dimmī a zimmi, a free non-Muslim
subject living in a Muslim country (see ‫ذمة‬
dimma: ‫)اھل الذمة‬
‫ ذمام‬dimām pl. ‫ اذمة‬adimma right, claim,
title; protection, custody; security of life
and property │ ‫ في ذمام الليل‬fī d. al-lail
under cover of darkness
‫ ذميم‬damīm censured; blameworthy,
objectionable, reprehensible; ugly, unfair,
nasty
‫ ذميمة‬damīima pl. ‫ ذمائم‬damā’im2 blame,
censure
‫ مذمة‬madamma pl. -āt blame, censure
‫ مذموم‬madmūm censured; blameworthy,
objectionable, reprehensible
‫ ذمر‬V to grumble, complain (‫ من‬or ‫ على‬about)
‫ ذمار‬dimār sacred possession, cherished
goods; honor
 ‫ تذمر‬tadammur pl. -āt grumbling,
complaint, grievance
‫ ذمي‬damiya a (‫ ذماء‬damā’) to be in the throes
of death
‫ ذماء‬damā’ last remnant; last breath of
life │ ‫( ذماء من الحياة‬ḥayāh) last breath of
life
‫ ذنب‬IV to do wrong, commit a sin, a crime, an
offense; to be guilty, be culpable X to find
or declare (‫ ه‬s.o.) guilty of a sin, of a
crime, of an offense
‫ ذنب‬danb pl. ‫ ذنوب‬dunūb offense, sin,
crime, misdeed
‫ ذنب‬danab pl. ‫ ذنب‬adnāb tail; end;
adherent (pol.), follower, henchman
‫ ذنبي‬danabī caudal, tail- (in
compounds); append aged, appendant,
dependent
‫ ذنيب‬dunaib petiole, leafstalk (bot.)
‫ مذنب‬mudannab comet
‫ مذنب‬mudnib culpable, guilty; sinner;
evildoer, delinquent, criminal 312
‫ ذھب‬dahaba a (‫ ذھاب‬dahāb, ‫ مذھب‬madhab) to
go (‫ الى‬to); to betake o.s., travel (‫ الى‬to); to
go away, leave, depart; to disappear,
vanish, decline, dwindle; to perish, die, be
destroyed; with ‫ب‬: to carry s.th. off, take
s.th. away, abduct, steal s.th., sweep s.th.
or s.o. away, annihilate, destroy s.th. or
s.o.; ‫ ذھب به الى‬to lead or conduct s.o. to,
take s.o. along to; to think, believe (‫الى‬
s.th.), hold the view, be of the opinion (‫الى‬
that); to escape (‫ عن‬s.o.; fig.), slip (‫عن‬
s.o.’s mind), ‫ ذھب عنه ان‬to lose sight of the
fact that ..., forget that ... ; to ignore, skip,
omit (‫ عن‬s.th.); (with imperf.) to prepare
to ..., be about to ... │ ‫ ذھب وجاء‬to go back
and forth, walk up and down; ‫ذھب الى ابعد‬
‫( من‬ab‘ada) to go beyond ... (fig.); ‫ما يذھب‬
‫( في نزعته‬naz‘atihī) what follows along
these lines; ‫( !اين يذھب بك‬yudhabu) the idea
of it! you can’t mean it! ‫( ذھب سدى‬sudan)
to be futile, be in vain, be of no avail; ‫ذھب‬
‫( ادراج الرياح‬adrāja r-riyāḥ) to go the ways
of the winds, i.e., to pass unnoticed,
without leaving a trace; to end in smoke,
come to nothing, be futile, be in vain; ‫ذھب‬
‫( كأمس الدابر‬ka-amsi d-dābir) to vanish into
thin air, disappear without leaving a trace
(lit.: like yesterday gone by); ‫( ذھب ببھائه‬bi-
bahā’ihi) to take the glamor away from
s.th.; ‫( ذھب بنفسه‬bi-nafsihī) to kill s.o. (joy,
terror, etc.); ‫( ذھب بخياله‬bi-kayālihī) to let
one’s imagination wander (‫ الى‬to); ‫ذھب‬
‫( مذھبه‬madhabahū) to embrace s.o.’s
madhab (see below); to follow s.o.’s
teaching, make s.o.’s belief one’s own,
embrace s.o.’s ideas; to adopt s.o.’s
policy, proceed exactly like s.o.; ‫ذھب كل‬
‫( مذھب‬kulla madhabin) to do everything
conceivable, leave no stone unturned, go
to greatest lengths II to gild (‫ ھـ‬s.th.) IV to
cause to go away, make disappear,
remove, eliminate (‫ ھـ‬s.th.); to take away (
‫ ھـ‬s.th., ‫ عن‬from s.o.)
‫ مذھب‬II tamadhaba (deriv. of ‫مذھب‬
madhab) to follow, adopt, embrace (‫ ب‬a
teaching, a religion, etc.)
‫ ذھب‬dahab (m. and f.) gold; gold piece,
gold coin │O ‫( ذھب ابيض‬abyaḍ) platinum
‫ ذھبي‬dahabī golden, of gold; precious,
excellent, apposite (e.g., advice, saying,
etc.) │ ‫ آية ذھبية‬golden word, maxim,
epigram
‫ ذھبية‬dahabīya pl. -āt dahabeah, a long
light-draft houseboat, used on the Nile
‫ ذھاب‬dahāb going; passing, passage,
falling away, decrease, dwindling, loss,
disappearance; leave, departure; trip,
journey; outward-bound trip or journey
(as opposed to ‫ اياب‬iyāb return trip;
railroad); opinion, view (‫ الى ان‬that) │‫ذھابا‬
‫( وايابا‬iyāban) there and back; back and
forth, up and down; ‫تذكرة ذھاب واياب‬
tadkarat d. wa-iyāb round-trip ticket
‫ ذھوب‬duhūb going │ ‫ ذھوب ومآب‬coming
and going; ‫ في جيئة وذھوب‬coming and
going, in a state of fluctuation, having its
ups and downs
‫ مذھب‬madhab pl. ‫ مذاھب‬madāhib2 going,
leave, departure; way out, escape (‫عن‬
from); manner followed, adopted
procedure or policy, road entered upon;
opinion, view, belief; ideology; teaching,
doctrine; movement, orientation, trend
(also pol.); school; mazhab, orthodox rite
of fiqh (Isl. Law); religious creed, faith,
denomination │O ‫( مذھبه في الحياة‬ḥayāh) his
philosophy of life, his weltanschauung;
 ‫( المذھب المادي‬māddī) the materialistic
ideology, the materialistic approach to
life; ‫ ذھب مذھبا بعيدا‬to go very far, be very
extensive
‫ مذھبي‬madhabī denominational,
confessional; sectarian
‫ مذھبية‬madhabīya sectarianism 313
‫ ذاھب‬dāhib: ‫ ذاھب اللون‬d. al-laun faded,
colorless, discolored
‫ مذھوب به‬madhūb bihī and ‫ مذھوب العقل‬m.
al-‘aql out of one’s mind, demented
‫ مذھب‬mudahhab gilded
‫ ذھل‬dahala a (dahl, ‫ ذھول‬duhūl) to forget,
overlook, omit, neglect, fail to heed (‫عن‬
s.th.); -- dahlia a (‫ ذھول‬duhūl) to be
perplexed, alarmed, dismayed, startled,
surprised, baffled; to be astonished, be
amazed; to frighten, scare, take alarm,
flinch; to be absent-minded, be distracted;
to be or become distracted (‫ عن‬from),
forget, overlook, fail to heed, neglect (‫عن‬
s.th.) IV to baffle, startle, nonplus (‫ ه‬s.o.);
to distract (‫ عن ه‬s.o. from), make (‫ ه‬s.o.)
forget (‫ عن‬s.th.) VII = dahila
‫ ذھول‬duhūl perplexity, consternation,
bafflement, daze, stupor; confusion,
bewilderment, dismay, alarm, fright;
surprise; amazement, astonishment;
absentmindedness, distraction,
distractedness (‫ عن‬from)
‫ ذاھل‬diJAil negligent, forgetful,
oblivious, distracted, absent-minded;
dazed, in a stupor
‫ مذھول‬madhūl perplexed, startled,
alarmed, dismayed, dazed, confused,
baffled, bewildered; distracted,
absentminded
‫ ذھل‬mudhil startling, baffling, amazing
‫ منذھل‬mundahil alarmed, dismayed,
perplexed, startled, baffled; distracted,
absent-minded
‫ ذھن‬dihn pl. ‫ اذھان‬adhān mind; intellect
‫ ذھني‬dihnī mental, intellectual
‫ ذھنية‬dihnīya mentality
‫ ذو‬dū, genit. ‫ ذي‬dī, acc. ‫ ذا‬dā, f. ‫ ذات‬dāt, pl. m.
‫ ذوو‬dawū, ‫ اولو‬ulū, pl. f. ‫ ذوات‬dawāt (with
foll. genit.) possessor, owner, holder or
muter of, endowed or provided with,
embodying or comprising s.th. │‫ ذو عقل‬dū
‘aql endowed with brains, bright,
intelligent; ‫ ذو مال‬rich, wealthy; ‫ ذو صحة‬dū
ṣiḥḥa healthy; ‫ ذو شأن‬dū ša’n important,
significant; ‫ ذو القربى‬dū l-qurbā relative,
kin(sman); ‫( غير ذي زرع‬zar‘) uncultivated
(land); ‫ من ذي قبل‬min dī qablu than before;
‫ من ذي نفسه‬of one’s own accord,
spontaneously; ‫ ذووه‬dawūhu his relatives,
his kin, his folk; ‫ ذوو المعرفة‬dawū l-
mawadda wa-l-ma‘rifa friends end
acquaintances; ‫ ذوو الشبھات‬dawū š-šubuhāt
dubious persons, people of ill repute; ‫ذوو‬
‫ الشأن‬dawū š-ša’n important, influential
people; the competent people (or
authorities), those concerned with the
matter; ‫ اولوا االمر‬ulū l-amr rulers, leaders;
‫ اولو الحل والعقد‬ulū l-hall wa-l-‘aqd
influential people, those in power
‫ ذات‬dāt pl. ‫ ذوات‬dawāt being, essence, nature;
self; person, personality; the same, the
selfsame; -self; ‫ الذوات‬people of rank,
people of distinction, notables; ‫ ذاتا‬dātan
personally │ ‫ ذات البين‬d. al-bain
disagreement, dissension, disunion,
discord, enmity; friendship; ‫ ذات الجنب‬d.
al-janb pleurisy (med.); ‫ ذات الرئة‬d. ar-ri’a
pneumonia; ‫ ذات الصدر‬d. aṣ-ṣadr disease of
the chest, pectoral ailment; ‫ ذات اليد‬d. al-
yad wealth, affluence; ‫ ذات ايدينا‬d. aidīnā
our possessions; ‫ ذات اليمين‬dāta l-yamīn to
the right, ‫ ذات الشمال‬dāta š-šimāli to the
left, ‫ ذات اليسار‬dāta l-yasāri do.; ‫ذات مرة‬
dāta marratin once, one time, ‫ في ذات مرة‬fī
dāti marratin do.; ‫ ذات يوم‬dāta yaumin one
day, ‫ في ذات يوم‬fī dāti yaumin do.; ‫في ذات غد‬
fī dāti gadin sometime in the future,
before long; ‫ في ذات‬... fī dāti ... (with foll.
genit.) as to …, concerning ..., with
reference to …, re; ‫ بالذات‬bi-d-dāt none
other than ..., ... of all things, ... of all 314
people; personally, in person; ‫ انا بالذات‬I, of
all people, ..., none other than I ...; ‫في لندن‬
‫ بالذات‬in London, of all places; ‫السعادة بالذات‬
(sa‘āda) essential happiness, happiness
proper; ‫ ذات نفسه‬dāt nafsihī, ‫ ذات انفسھم‬d.
anfusihim his sejf, their selves, his (their)
very nature; ‫ ھو بذاته‬،‫( ھو ذاته‬he) himself;
‫ ذات الشيء‬the same thing; ‫ ذات األشياء‬the
same things; ‫( السنة ذاتھا‬sana) the same
year; ‫ لذاته‬by himself (itself); in itself; as
such; for his (its) own sake; ‫ في ذاته‬in
 itself; ‫ في حد ذاته‬fī ḥaddi d. do.; ‫ قائم بذاته‬self-
existent, independent, self-contained,
isolated; ‫( الثقة بالذات‬tiqa) self-confidence;
‫ حب الذات‬ḥubb ad-d. and ‫محبة الذات‬
maḥabbat ad-d. self-love, selfishness,
egoism; ‫ االعتماد على الذات‬self-confidence,
self-reliance; ‫ صريح بذاته‬self-evident, self-
explanatory; ‫ مناقض ذاته‬munāqiḍ dātahū
self-contradictory; ‫ ابن ذوات‬ibn dawāt
descended from a good family, highborn
‫ ذاتي‬dātī own, proper; self-produced,
self-created, spontaneous; personal; self-
acting, automatic; subjective (philos.); (pl.
-ūn) subjectivist (philos.); ‫ ذاتيا‬dātīyan of
o.s., by o.s.; personally, in person │ ‫الحكم‬
‫( الذاتي‬ḥukm) autonomy
‫ ذاتية‬dātīya personality; subjectivism
(philos.); identity (of a person) │‫تحقيق‬
‫ الذاتية‬identification (of a person)
‫ ال ذاتية‬lā-dātīya impersonality
‫ ذواتي‬dawātī high-class, exclusive, luxurious
1
‫ ذوابة‬see ‫ذأب‬
1 s.th.), go through s.th. (‫ )ھـ‬IV to have (‫ه‬
‫ ))ذاب )ذوب‬dāba u (daub), (daub, ‫ )ذوبان‬to
dissolve; to melt; to melt away; to liquefy,
deliquesce; to dwindle away, vanish; to
pine away, waste away (‫حسرة واسى‬
ḥasratan wa-asan with grief and sorrow)
│‫( ذاب حياء‬hayā’an) to die of shame; ‫ذابت‬
‫( اظفاره في‬aẓfāruhū) to strive in vain for,
make futile efforts in order to II to
dissolve, melt, liquefy (‫ ھـ‬s.th.) IV to
dissolve (also, e.g., tablets in water),
liquefy (‫ ھـ‬s.th.); to melt (‫ ھـ‬s.th.); to smelt
(‫ ھـ‬metal); to consume, spend, exhaust,
use up, sap (‫ ھـ‬s.th.) │‫( اذاب جھده‬juhdahū)
to exhaust s.o.’s energy; ‫اذاب عصارة مخه في‬
(‘uṣārata mukkihī) to rack one’s brain
with
‫ ذوب‬daub dissolution; solution (also, as
a liquid)
‫ ذوبان‬dawabān dissolution, melting,
deliquescence, liquefaction │‫ذوبان الثلج‬
‫ ))الثلوج‬d. at-talj (at-tulūj) snowbreak,
thaw; ‫ قابل للذوبان‬qābil li-d-d. meltable,
soluble, dissoluble
‫ تذويب‬tadwīb dissolution, solution,
melting, liquefaction
‫ اذابة‬idāba dissolution, solution,
melting, liquefaction
‫ ذائب‬dā’ib dissolved; melted, molten;
salable, dissoluble
‫ ذات‬and ‫ ذوات‬see ‫ذو‬
‫ )ذاد )ذود‬dāda u (daud, ‫ ذياد‬diyād) to scatter,
drive away, chase away; to remove (،‫عن ھـ‬
‫ ه‬s.o., s.th. from); to defend, protect (‫عن‬
s.o., s.th.) │‫( ذاد النوم عن عينه‬an-nauma ‘an
‘ainihī) to drive or keep the sleep from his
eyes
‫ ذود‬daud defense, protection (‫ عن‬of
s.th.)
‫ ذياد‬diyād defense, protection (‫ عن‬of
s.th.)
‫ مذود‬midwād pl. ‫ مذاود‬madāwid manger,
crib, feeding trough
‫ ذائد‬dā’id pl. ‫ ذادة‬dāda defender,
protector
‫ )ذاق )ذوق‬dāqa u (dauq, ‫ ذواق‬dawāq, ‫مذاق‬
madāq) to taste, sample (‫ ھـ‬food, etc.); to
try, try out, teat (‫ ھـ‬s.th.); to get a taste 315
(‫ ھـ‬of s.th.), experience, undergo, suffer (‫ھـ‬
s.o.) taste or sample (‫ ھـ‬s.th.), give (‫ ھـ ه‬s.o.
s.th.) to taste V to taste (‫ ھـ‬s.th.) slowly,
repeatedly, thoroughly; to get a taste (‫ ھـ‬of
s.th.); to sense, perceive (‫ ھـ‬s.th.); to enjoy
thoroughly, savor, relish (‫ ھـ‬s.th.); to
derive pleasure (‫ من‬from)
‫ ذوق‬dauq pl. ‫ اذواق‬adwāq gustatory
sense; taste (‫ ل‬for; also, e.g., literary
taste); perceptivity, responsiveness (‫في‬
for); sensitivity, sensitiveness; savoir-
vivre, suavity, urbanity, tact; liking,
inclination; taste, flavor (of food, etc.) │
‫ الذوق السليم‬good taste
‫ ذوقي‬dauqī of taste, gustative, gustatory
‫ ذواق‬dawāq taste
‫ ذواق‬dawwāq epicure, connoisseur,
gourmet, bon vivant
‫ مذاق‬madāq taste
‫ ذائقة‬dā’iqa sense of taste
‫ ذوى‬dawā i and dawiya a to wither, wilt, fad.;
to be withered, be dry IV to cause to wilt,
to dry
‫ ذاو‬dāwin withered, faded, drooping
‫ ذي‬see ‫ذو‬
‫ )ذاع )ذيع‬dā’a i (‫ ذيوع‬duyū‘) to spread, get
about, circulate, be spread, be
disseminated, be or become widespread;
to leak out, become public, become
generally known IV to spread. spread out,
disseminate, propagate (‫ ھـ‬or ‫ ب‬s.th.); to
make known, announce, make public,
publicize, publish (‫ ھـ‬or ‫ ب‬s.th.); to
promulgate (‫ ھـ‬or ‫ ب‬s.th.); to show,
manifest, display (‫ ھـ‬or ‫ ب‬s.th.), give
evidence (‫ ھـ‬or ‫ ب‬of); to reveal, disclose,
divulge (‫ ھـ‬or ‫ ب‬s.th.); to emit (‫ ھـ‬electric
waves); to broadcast, transmit (‫ ھـ‬s.th., ‫على‬
to the public; radio) │ ‫( اذاع بالتلفزة‬talfaza)
to telecast (‫ ھـ‬s.th.)
‫ ذيوع‬duyū‘ widespreadness,
commonness; spreading, spread,
dispersion, diffusion; circulation (of news)
‫ مذياع‬midyā‘ pl. ‫ مذاييع‬madāyī‘2 telltale,
talebearer, tattler, blabber,: indiscret
person; radio station, broadcasting station;
broadcasting; microphone; O radio set
‫ اذاعة‬idā‘a spreading, dissemination,
propagation; announcement,
proclamation; publication; revelation,
disclosure; playback (of a tape; as
opposed to recording); broadcasting,
radio; (pl. -āt) (radio) broadcast,
transmission │ ‫ اذاعة األخبار‬i. al-akbāir
newscast, news (radio); ‫اذاعة تلفزية‬
(talfazīya) television broadcast, telecast;
‫( اذاعة السلكية‬lā-silkīya) and ‫اذاعة راديوفونية‬
radio broadcast; broadcasting, radio; ‫اذاعة‬
‫ البوليس‬police radio; ‫ مجلة اإلذاعة‬majallat al-
i. radio magazine
‫ ذائع‬dā’i‘ widespread, common,
general; circulating, in circulation; widely
known │‫ ذائع الصيت‬d. aṣ-ṣīt famous, noted,
renowned, widely known
‫ مذيع‬mudī‘ spreader, disseminator,
propagator, proclaimer; broadcasting,
transmitting (used attributively); (radio)
transmitter; radio announcer
‫ مذيعة‬mudī‘a pl. -āt woman announcer
(radio)
‫ ذيل‬II to furnish (‫ ھـ‬s.th., esp. a book) with an
appendix, add a supplement (‫ ھـ‬to); to
provide (‫ ھـ‬s.th.) at the end (‫ ب‬with) IV to
trample underfoot, degrade, debase (‫ھـ‬
s.th.)
‫ ذيل‬dail pl. ‫ ذيول‬duyūl, ‫ اذيال‬adyāl the
lowest or rearmost part of s.th., lower end;
tail; hem, border (of a garment); train (of a
skirt); lappet, coat tail; bottom, foot, end
(of a page); appendage, appendicle;
add.nda, supplement, appendix (of a
book); retinue, 316 attendants, suite;
dependent; result, consequence │‫في ذيله‬
immediately thereafter: ‫ طاھر الذيل‬innocent,
blameless, upright, honest; ‫طھارة الذيل‬
ṭahārat ad-d. innocence, moral integrity,
probity, uprightness, honesty; ‫طويل الذيل‬
long, lengthy, extensive: ‫تمسك باذياله‬
tamassaka bi-adyālihī to cling to s.o.’s
coat tails, hold on to s.o.; ‫جر عليه ذيل العفاء‬
(jarra, ‘alaihi) to wipe out s.th., bring
about the doom of s.th., let s.th. sink into
oblivion: ‫ الذ بأذيال الشيء‬to resort to s.th.
‫ر‬
‫ راء‬rā’ name of the letter ‫ر‬
‫ رئة‬ri’a pl. ‫ رئون‬ri’ūn, ‫ رئات‬ri’āt lung
‫ رئوي‬ri’awī pulmonary, pulmonic,
pneumonic, of or pertaining to the lung,
lung (used attributively)
‫ رأب‬ra’aba a (ra’b) to mend, repair, patch up (
‫ ھـ‬a rent, and the like); to rectify, put in
order, set right (‫ ھـ‬s.th.)
‫ رؤبة‬ru’ba patch (for mending a rent)
‫ مرأب‬mir’ab pl. ‫ مرائب‬marā’ib2 repair shop,
garage
‫( رابور‬Fr. rapport) report
‫ راتينج‬ratinaj resin
‫( راتينة = رتينة‬look up alphabetically)
‫ رؤد‬ru’d soft, tender; ru’d and ‫( فتاة رؤد‬fatāh)
delicate young girl
‫ رئد‬ri’d pl. ‫ ارآد‬ar’ād person of
approximately the same age,
contemporary
‫ رادار‬rādār radar
‫ راديكال‬radikālī radical
‫ راديو‬rādiyō radio
‫ راديولوجي‬radiyōlōjī radiology
‫ راديوم‬radiyūm radium │ ‫ذو راديوم فاعل‬
radioactive
‫ رأرأ‬ra’ra’a: ‫( رأرأ بعينه‬bi-‘ainaihī) to roll one’s
eyes
‫ رأس‬ra’asa a (‫ رئاسة‬ri’āsa) to be at the head,
be the chairman, be in charge (‫ ھـ‬of s.th.);
to preside (‫ ھـ‬over s.th.); to had, lead,
direct, manage, run (‫ ھـ‬s.th.); -- ‫رؤس‬
ra’usa u to be the chief, the leader II to
appoint as chief or head, make the director
or leader, entrust with the direction,
management or chairmanship (‫ ه‬s.o.) V =
ra’asa VIII to become or be the chief,
head, leader, or director
‫ رأس‬ra’s m. and f., pl. ‫ رؤوس‬ru’ūs,
‫ ارؤس‬ar’us head (also as a enumerative of
cattle); chief, chieftain, head, leader;
upper part, upper end; tip; top, summit,
peak; vertex, apex; extremity, end;
promontory, headland, cape (geogr.);
main part; beginning: ‫ رأسا‬ra’san directly,
straightway; immediately │‫ برأسه‬sui
generis, in a class by itself, independent,
self-contained, e.g., ‫‘( علم برأسه‬ilm) a
science in itself; ‫( رأس برأس‬both) alike, one
like the other, equally, without distinction:
‫( على رأس‬with foll. genit.) at the head of; at
the end of; at the beginning of, before,
prior to; ‫( على الرأس والعين‬wa-l-‘ain) very
gladly; juts as you wish! at your service!
‫‘ على رؤوس األشھاد‬alā r. il-ašhād in public,
for all the world to see; ‫رأسا على عقب‬
ra’san ‘alā ‘aqbin upside down, topsy-
turvy, e.g., ٣١٧ ‫قلبه رأسا على عقب‬
(qalabahū) to turn s.th. completely upside
down, upset s.th. from the bottom up;
‫( الرأس الى القدم‬qadam) or ‫من الرأس الى أخمص‬
‫( القدم‬akmaṣi l-qadam) from head to toe;
‫ رفع به رأسا‬to pay attention to s.th.; ‫رأس‬
‫ اآلفات‬the principal evil, the root of all evil;
‫ رأس تنورة‬Ras Tanura (cape. E Saudi
Arabia, oil center); ‫ رأس ثوم‬r. tūm clove of
garlic: ‫ رأس الجسر‬r. al-jisr bridgehead; ‫رأس‬
‫( حامية‬ḥāmiya) hothead, hotspur, firebrand;
‫ رأس السنة‬r. as-sana New Year; ‫رأس العمود‬
r. al-‘amūd capital (of a column or
pilaster); ‫ رأس الكتاب‬letter-head; ‫رأس المال‬
pl. ‫ رؤوس المال‬capital (fin.): ‫مسقط الرأس‬
masqaṭ, masqiṭ ar-r. birthplace, home
town; ‫ سمط الرأس‬samṭ ar-r. zenith
(astron.); ‫( البلد الرأس‬balad) the capital city;
‫ رؤوس األصابع‬tiptoes
‫ رأسي‬ra’sī head (adj.), cephalic; main,
chief, principal; perpendicular, vertical
‫ رأسمالي‬ra’s-mālī capitalistic; (pl. -ūn)
capitalist
‫ رأسمالية‬ra’s-mālīya capitalism
‫ رئيس‬ra’īs pl. ‫ رؤساء‬ru’asā’ one at the
head, or in charge, of; head; chieftain;
leader; chief, boss; rais; director; head-
master, principal, chairman; governor;
president; manager, superintendent;
conductor (mus.); superior (as
distinguished from ‫ مرؤوس‬subordinate);
(mil.) captain (Ir. 1922. Leb.; formerly
also Syr. And Eg.); ‫( رئيس اول‬awwal)
military rank between captain and major
(= Fr. capitaine 1ière classe; Ir. 1922, Syr.
1952) │ ‫ رئيس األساقفة‬archbishop; ‫رئيس البلدية‬
r. al-baladīya chief of a municipality,
mayor; ‫ رئيس التحرير‬editor-in-chief; ‫رئيس‬
‫ اركان الحرب‬r. arkān al-ḥarb chief of
general staff; ‫ رئيس التشريفات‬r. at-tašrīfāt
chief of protocol, master of ceremonies
(of the king; formerly Ir.); ‫رأس الشماسمة‬
archdeacon; ‫ رئيس عرفاء‬r. ‘urafā’ (mil.)
master sergeant (Ir., Syr.); ‫ رئيس األقسام‬r.
al-aqsām technical director general (of the
State Railways; Eg.); ‫ رئيس النواب‬r. an-
nuwwāb president of parliament, speaker
of the (lower) house; ‫رئيس ھيئة اركان الحرب‬
r. hai’at arkān al-ḥarb chief of general
staff; ‫ رئيس الوزراء‬r. al-wuzarā’ and ‫رئيس‬
‫ الوزارة‬prime minister, premier
‫ رئيسة‬ra’īsa manageress; directress;
mother superior
‫ رئيسي‬ra’īsī main, chief, principal,
leading │‫( دور رئيسي‬daur) leading role,
leading part; ‫( سبب رئيسي‬sabab) principal
cause, main reason; ‫ شارع رئيسي‬main
street; ‫ الفضائل الرئيسية‬cardinal virtues
(Chr.); ‫( مقالة رئيسية‬maqāla) editorial,
leading article, leader
□ ‫ ريس‬rayyis (= ‫ )رئيس‬mate (naval rank;
Eg.) │‫( رئيس ممتاز‬mumtāz) a naval rank
(approx. = petty officer 3rd class; Eg.
1939)
‫ رئاسة‬ri’āsa, ‫ رياسة‬riyāsa (also ‫)رآسة‬
leadership, leading position; management,
direction; chairmanship; presidency,
presidentship; supervision,
superintendency │ ‫ رئاسة الوزارة‬prime
ministry, premiership; ‫دار الرياسة‬
presidential palace, seat of the chief
executive of a country
 ‫ ترؤس‬tara‘‘us direction, management;
chairmanship
‫ روائس‬rawā’is2 cliffs lining river bode
(wadis)
‫ مرؤوس‬mar’ūs subordinate; (pl. -ūn) a
subordinate, a subaltern
‫ رأف‬ra’afa a and ‫ رؤف‬ra’ufa u (‫ رأفة‬ra’fa, ‫رآفة‬
ra’āfa) to show mercy (‫ ب‬on s.o.), have
pity (‫ ب‬with s.o.), be kind, gracious,
merciful (‫ ب‬to s.o.) V do.
‫ رأفة‬ra’fa and ‫ رآفة‬ra’āfa morcy,
compassion, pity: kindliness graciousness
‫ رؤوف‬ra’ūf merciful, compassionate;
kind, benevolent; gracious
‫ ارأف‬ar’af kindlier, more gracious (‫ب‬
toward) 318
‫ رافيا‬rāfiyā raffia, raftia palm
1 show o.s. (‫ ل‬to s.o.); to appear, seem (‫ ل‬to
‫ رأم‬ra’ama a (ra’m) to repair, mend (‫ ھـ‬s.th.)
2
‫ رئم‬ra’ima a (‫ رئمان‬ri’mān) to love tenderly (‫ھـ‬
s.th.), be very fond (‫ ھـ‬of); to treat
tenderly, fondle, cares (‫ ھـ‬s.th.)
‫ رئم‬ri’m pl. ‫ ارآم‬ar’ām white antelope,
addax
‫ رءوم‬ra’ūm loving, tender (mother to
her children)
‫ رام ﷲ‬rāmallāh Ramallah (town in W Jordan,
N of Jerusalem)
‫ رامية‬rāmiya ramie, a strong, lustrous bast
fiber; China jute (bot.)
‫ راوند‬rāwand rhubarb
1
‫ رأى‬ra’ā ‫ يرى‬yarā (ra’y, ‫ رؤية‬ru’ya) to see; to
behold, descry, perceive, notice, observe,
discern (‫ ھـ‬s.th.); to look (‫ ھـ ھـ‬at s.th. as),
regard (‫ ھـ ھـ‬s.th. as), consider, deem,
think (‫ ھـ ھـ‬s.th. to be ...); to judge; to be of
the opinion (‫ ان‬that), believe, think (‫ان‬
that); to express one’s opinion; to feel (‫ان‬
that); to deem appropriate, think proper (‫ھـ‬
s.th.), decide (‫ ھـ‬on s.th., ‫ان‬to do s.th.); to
consider, contemplate │‫ أرأيت‬a-ra’aita tell
me! what do you think? ‫رأى رأي العين‬
(ra’ya l-ain) to see with one’s own eyes;
‫( رأى رؤيا‬ru’yā) to have a dream; ‫رأى منه‬
‫‘( العجب‬ajaba) to be amazed at s.th.; ‫رأى‬
‫ للشيء فائدة‬expect some benefit from s.th.;
‫( رأى من واجبه‬min wājibihī) to regard as
one’s duty, deem incumbent upon o.s.; ‫رأى‬
‫ له ان‬to think that it would be in s.o.’s
interest to ...; ‫( رأى رأيه‬ra’yahū) to share
s.o.’s. opinion; pass.: ‫( رؤي ان‬ru’iya) it
was decided that ...; ‫ رؤي الشيء‬it was felt
proper to do III it was thought to be the
right thing to do ill to act ostentatiously,
make a show before people, attitudinize;
to do eyeservice; to behave hypocritically,
act the hypocrite, (dis)simulate, dissemble
(‫ ه‬toward s.o.) IV ‫ ارى‬arā to show,
demonstrate (‫ ھـ ه‬to s.o. s.th.) ‫ يا ترى‬yā
turā (in interrogative sentences) what’s
your opinion? would you say ...? │I
wonder ..., ‫ متى يا ترى‬I wonder when ...,
‫ ترى ھل‬wonder if ..., would you say
that ...? ‫( اتراھا جاءت‬a-tarāhā) I wonder if
she has come, would you say she has
come? ‫ اتراني اعود‬would you say I should
go back? V to deem, think, believe VI to
present o.s. to or come into s.o.’s (‫ )ل‬view,
s.o.); to appear right, seem appropriate (‫ل‬
to s.o.), be thought proper (‫ ل‬by s.o.); to
see one another; to look at o.s. (in a
mirror); to act the hypocrite; to fake,
feign, simulate (‫ ب‬s.th.) VIII to consider,
contemplate (‫ ھـ‬s.th.); to be of the opinion
(‫ ان‬that), decide (‫ ان‬that) │‫ارتأى رأيا‬
(ra’yan) to have an opinion; ‫ارتأى رأيه‬
(ra’yahū) to share s.o.’s opinion
‫ رأي‬ra’y pl. ‫ آراء‬ārā’ opinion, view;
idea, notion, concept, conception; advice,
suggestion, proposal; (Isl. Law) subjective
opinion, decision hued on one’s individual
judgment (not on Koran and Sunna) │ ‫في‬
‫ رأيي‬and ‫ عند رأيي‬in my opinion; ‫انا من ھذا‬
‫ الرأي‬I am of this opinion; ‫ من رأيه ان‬he is of
the opinion that ...; ‫( أخذ الرأي على‬ukida) it
was put to the vote, (the matter) was voted
upon; ‫ لم يكن عند رأيھم‬he was not what they
had expected; ‫ لم يكن له فيه رأي‬he had no say
in the matter; ‫‘( الرأي العام‬āmm) public
opinion; ‫ ذو الرأي‬pl. ‫ ذوو اآلراء‬sensible,
judicious; man of good sense and
judgment; well-informed, knowledgeable
person, one in the know; ‫تبادل اآلراء‬
tabādul al-ārā’, exchange of views; ‫صلب‬
‫ الرأي‬ṣulba ar-r. obstinate, stubborn,
opinionated; ‫ قسم الرأي‬qism ar-r. committee
of experts, council on legal and economio
matters (attached to the ministries; Eg.)
‫ راية‬rāya pl. -āt banner, flag 319
 ‫ رؤية‬ru’ya seeing, looking, viewing;
inspection, examination
‫ رؤيا‬ru’ya pl. ‫ رؤى‬ru’an vision; dream
│ ‫ سفر الرؤيا‬sifr ar-r. the ‫ھـ‬pocalypse (Chr.)
‫ مرأى‬mar’an sight, view; vision;
apparition │ ‫ على مرأى من‬before s.o.’s
eyes; ‫( على مرأى ومسمع من‬wa-masma‘in)
before the eyes and ears of; with full
knowledge of
‫ مرآة‬mir’āh pl. ‫ مراء‬marā’in, ‫مرايا‬
marāyā looking glass, mirror; reflection,
reflected image
□ ‫ مراية‬mirāya pl. -āt looking glass
mirror
‫ رئاء‬ri’ā and ‫ رياء‬riyā’ eyeservice;
hypocrisy, dissimulation; dissemblance;
simulation (‫ ب‬of s.th.)
‫ مراءاة‬,‫ مراآة‬murā’āh eyeservice;
hypocrisy, dissimulation, dissemblance;
simulation (‫ ب‬of s.th.)
‫ راء‬rā’in viewer, onlooker, spectator,
observer
O ‫ رائية‬rā’iya pl. -āt view finder (of a
camera)
‫ مرئي‬mar’īy seen; visible; ‫ المرئيات‬the
visible things, the visible world
‫ مراء‬murā’in pl. ‫ مراؤون‬murā’ūun
hypocrite
2
‫ رئة‬and ‫ رئوي‬see ‫رء‬
3
‫ راي‬rāy an Egyptian variety of salmon
4
‫ راية‬see 2 ‫رأى‬
‫ رب‬rabba u (rabb, ‫ ربابة‬ribāba) to be master,
be lord, have possession (‫ ه‬،‫ ھـ‬of), control
(‫ ھـ‬،‫ ھـ‬s.o., s.th.), have command or
authority (‫ ه‬،‫ ھـ‬over); -- u (rabb) and II to
raise, bring up (‫ ه‬a child) II to deify,
idolize (‫ ه‬،‫ ھـ‬s.o., s.th.)
‫ رب‬rabb pl. ‫ ارباب‬arbāb lord; master;
owner, proprietor (Isl. Law); (with foil.
genit.) one possessed of, endowed with,
having to do with, etc.; ‫ الرب‬the Lord (=
God) │‫( رب بحري‬baḥrī) a naval rank
(approx. = seaman; Eg.); ‫ رب العائلة‬father
of the family, paterfamilias; ‫ارباب السلطان‬
a. as-sulṭān the rulers; ‫ ارباب المال‬the
capitalists; ‫ صعود الرب‬the ‫ھـ‬scension
(Chr.); ‫ ارباب المعاشات‬a. al-ma’āšāt
pensioners; ‫ ارباب السوابق‬those previously
convicted; ‫ ارباب الفنون‬artists
‫ ربة‬rabba pl. -āt mistress; lady │‫ربة‬
‫ المنزل‬r. al-manzil the lady of the house;
‫ ربة البيت‬r. al-bait landlady; ‫ ربة شعره‬r.
ši‘rihī his muse; ‫ ربات الحجال‬r. al-ḥijāl the
ladies
‫ رب‬rubb pl. ‫ رباب‬ribāb, ‫ ربوب‬rubūb rob,
thickened juice (of fruit): mash, pulp
‫ رب‬rubba (with fol. indet. genit.) many
a, e.g., ‫( رب رجل‬rajulin) many a man, ‫رب‬
‫( مرة‬marratin) many a time
‫ ربما‬rubbamā sometimes; perhaps,
maybe, possibly
‫ ربة‬rabba, ribba a kind of skin eruption
affecting the head and face
‫ رباب‬rabāib, ‫ ربابة‬rabāba rebab or
rebec, a stringed instrument of the ‫ھـ‬rabs
resembling the fiddle, with one to three
strings (in Eg. usually two-stringed)
‫ ربيب‬rabīb pl. -āt ‫ ارباء‬aribbā’ foster
son, stepson; foster father; confederate,
ally
‫ ربيبة‬rabība pl. ‫ ربائب‬rabā’ib2 foster
daughter, stepdaughter; foster mother;
(woman) ally
‫ ربوبية‬rubūbīya divinity, deity, godship
‫ ربان‬rubbān pl. -īya, ‫ ربابنة‬rabābina
captain, skipper; a naval rank, approx. =
captain, ‫( ربان ثان‬tānin) approx. =
commander (Eg. 1939)
‫ رباني‬rabbānī divine; pertaining to God
│ ‫ الربانيات‬divine things; ‫الصالة الربانية‬
(ṣalāh) the Lord’s Prayer (Chr.)
‫( مربة‬eg.) mirabba (= ‫ مربى‬murabban)
jam, preserved fruit 320
‫ راب‬rābb stepfather
‫ رابة‬rābba stepmother
‫ ربأ‬raba’a a to hold in esteem, esteem highly (
‫ ب‬s.o.); If '! 4J to consider s.o. above s.th.,
above doing s.th., have too high an
oplnion of s.o. as to suspect him of
(doing) s.th. or as to expect him to do
s.th.; ‫( ربأ بنفسه عن‬bi.-nafsii) to deem o.s.
above s.th., be too proud for, stand aloof
from
 ‫ ربيئة‬rabī’a pl. ‫ ربايا‬rabāya guard
‫ ربت‬rabata i (rabt) to pat, caress, stroke (‫ ه‬s.o.)
II do. │‫( ربت على خده‬kaddihi) to pat s.o.’s
cheek; ‫( ربت على كتفه‬katifihi) to pat s.o. on
the shoulder; ‫ ربت نفسه‬to be self-satisfied,
self-complacent, smug
‫ ربح‬rabiḥa a (ribḥ, rabaḥ) to gain (‫ ھـ من‬from
s.th. s.th.), profit (‫ من‬from); to win (sports,
games) │‫( ما ربحت تجارتھم‬tijāratuhum)
their business was unprofitable II and IV
to make (‫ ه‬s.o.) gain, allow s.o. (‫ )ه‬a profit
‫ ربح‬ribḥ pl. ‫ ارباح‬arbāḥ gain, profit;
benefit; interest (on money); pl. proceeds,
returns, revenues; O dividends │‫ربح بسيط‬
simple interest, ‫( ربح مركب‬murakkab)
compound interest
‫ رباح‬rabbāḥ pl. ‫ ربابيح‬rabābīḥ2 monkey
‫ اربح‬arbaḥ2 more profitable, more
lucrative
‫ مرابحة‬murābaḥ (Isl. Law) resale with
specification of gain, resale with an
advance
‫ رابح‬rābiḥ profiteer, gainer, winner;
beneficiary; lucrative, gainful, profitable
(business)
‫ مربح‬murbiḥ lucrative, gainful,
profitable
‫ ربد‬V to become clouded, become overcast
(sky); to turn ashen, take on a glowering
expression (face, with anger) IX to
become ashen, assume a glowering
expression (face)
‫ مربد‬murbadd clouded; gloomy, morose
(face)
‫ ربص‬rabaṣa u (rabṣ) to wait, look, watch, be
on the lookout (‫ ب‬for) V to lurk, lie in
wait (‫ ل‬for s.o.), waylay, ambush (‫ ل‬s.o.);
to lay an ambush, move into an ambush;
to take up positions (mil.); to expect (‫ ب‬،‫ھـ‬
s.th.), wait (‫ ب‬،‫ ھـ‬for s.th.) │‫تربص الفرصة‬
(furṣata) to wait (or look) for an
opportunity; ‫( تربص األمر‬amra) to wait for
s.th. to befall s.o. or to happen to s.o., e.g.,
; ‫ تربص به الدوائر‬to wait; for s.o. to meet
with disaster
‫ تربص‬tarabbuṣ probationary term (adm.)
‫ متربص‬mutarabbiṣ candidate, aspirant
‫ ربض‬rabaḍa (rabḍ, rubūd) to lie down; to lie,
rest (animals; with the chest to the
ground); to lurk (‫ ل‬for s.o.)
‫ ربض‬rabaḍ pl. ‫ ارباض‬arbāḍ outskirts,
suburb; place where animals lie down to
rest
‫ مربض‬marbaḍ pl. ‫ مرابض‬marābiḍ2 place
where animals lie down to rest; sheep pen,
fold
‫ ربط‬rabaṭa u i (rabṭ) to bind, tie up, make fast,
moor (‫ ھـ‬s.th.); to tie, fasten, attach, hitch (
‫ الى ھـ‬s.th. to); to connect (‫ الى ھـ‬s.th. with);
to fix, appoint, determine (‫ ھـ‬s.th.); to
value, rate, assess (‫ ھـ‬s.th.); to add,
append, affix (‫ الى ھـ‬s.th. to); to insert (‫الى‬
‫ ھـ‬s.th. in); to combine, unite (‫ ھـ‬s.th., – ‫بين‬
‫ وبين‬s.th. with); to ligate (‫ ھـ‬s.th.), apply a
tourniquet (‫ ھـ‬to); to bandage, dress (‫ ھـ‬a
wound); to bridle, check (‫ على‬،‫ ھـ‬s.th.); to
brake (‫ ھـ‬a train); to suspend (‫ ه‬a cleric;
Chr.) │‫( ربط لسانه‬lisānahū) to silence s.o.;
‫( ربط على قلبه‬qalbihī) to fortify s.o., give
s.o. patience (said of God); ‫ربط جأشه‬
(ja’šahū) to keep one’s self-control,
remain calm, be undismayed; 321 ‫ربط‬
‫ الطريقة‬to practice highway robbery III to
be lined up, posted, stationed (troops); to
line up, take up positions; to be moored
(ship); to move into fighting positions │
‫( رابط في قضيته‬qaḍīyatihī) to defend the
cause of, fight for VIII to bind o.s.,
commit o.s. engage o.s.; to be bound (‫ب‬
by, also, e.g., by an obligation), be tied (‫ب‬
to); to be linked, be connected (‫ ب‬with); to
depend (‫ ب‬on); to unite, join forces
‫ ربط‬rabṯ binding, tying; fastening,
joining, attaching, connecting; fixation,
determination (of an amount, of a
number); valuation, assessment │ ‫ربط مالي‬
financial allocation; ‫ اھل الحل والربط‬ahl al-
ḥall wa-r. infIuentiBJ people, those in
power; ‫ مكان الربط‬makān ar-r. (welded)
seam, weld (techn.)
‫ ربط‬rabaṭ (tun.) section, quarter (of a
city), suburb
‫ ربط‬rabṭa pl. -āt, ‫ رباط‬ribāṭ ribbon,
band, bandage; bundle; parcel, package │
‫ ربطة الرقبة‬r. ar-raqaba necktie; ‫ ربط الساق‬r.
as-sāq garter; ‫ ربطة النقود‬money purse
 ‫ رباط‬ribāṭ pl. -āt, ‫ ربط‬rubuṭ, ‫ اربطة‬ar-
biṭa ribbon, band; ligature, ligament;
bandage; dressing (of a wound); bond,
fetter, shackle; -- suspension (of a cleric;
Chr.); (pl. -āt, ‫ ربط‬rubuṭ) inn for travelers,
caravansary; hospice (for Sufis or the
poor) │‫ رباط االجربة‬r. al-ajriba garter; ‫رباط‬
‫ الجزمة‬r. al-jazma shoestring; ‫ رباط الرقبة‬r.
ar-raqaba necktie
‫ رباط‬ribāṭ, ‫ رباط الفتح‬ribāṭ al-fatḥ Rabat
(capital of Morocco)
‫ رباط الجأش‬ribāṭ al-ja’š composure, self-
control, calmness, intrepidity
2
‫ مربط‬marbiṭ, marbaṭ pl. ‫ مرابط‬marābiṭ
place where aniimals are tied up
‫ مربط‬mirbaṭ pl. ‫ مرابط‬marābiṭ2 hawser,
mooring cable; rope; O terminal (el.)
‫ ارتباط‬irtibāṭ connectedness, connection,
link; contact, 1iaison; tie (‫ ب‬to);
obligation, engagement, commitment;
bearing (‫ ب‬on), connection ((‫ ب‬with),
relation (‫ ب‬to); unity; league,
confederation │ ‫بدون ارتباط‬bidūn irt, not
binding, without obligation (com.); ‫ضابط‬
‫ ارتباط‬liaison officer
‫ رابط الجأش‬rābiṭ al-ja’š composed, calm,
unruffled, undismayed, fearless
‫ رابطة‬rābiṭa pl. ‫ روابط‬rawābiṭ2 band;
bond, tie; connection, link; confederation,
union, league │ ‫ روابط الصداقة‬r. aṣ-ṣadāqa
bonds of friendship; ‫الرابطة االسالمية‬
(Islāmīya) the Moslem League
‫ مربوط‬marbūṭ bound; connected;
fastened, tied, moored (‫ الى‬to); fixed,
appointed; fixed salary; estimate (of the
budget)
‫ مرابط‬murābiṭ posted, stationed;
garrisoned (troops); Marabout │ ‫الجيش‬
‫( المربوط‬jaiš) the Territorial Army (Eg.)
‫ مرتبط‬murtabiṭ connected, linked (‫ب‬
with); bound, committed (‫ ب‬by);
depending, conditional (‫ ب‬on)
‫ ربع‬raba‘a a to gallop (horse); -- to sit; to
squat; to stay, live II to quadruple,
multiply by four, increase fourfold (‫ھـ‬
s.th.); to square (‫ ھـ‬a number) V to sit or
sit down cross-legged; to sit │ ‫تربع على‬
‫‘(العرش‬arš) to mount the throne, sit on the
throne
‫ ربع‬rab‘ pl. ‫ ربوع‬rubū‘, ‫ رباع‬ribā‘, ‫ارباع‬
arbā‘, ‫ اربع‬arba‘ home, residence,
quarters; pl. ‫ ربوع‬region, area territory,
lands; ‫( ربع‬group of) people │ ‫الربع‬
‫الخالي‬Rub‘ al Khali (desert region in S
Arabia)
‫ ربع‬rib‘: ‫ حمى الربع‬ḥummā r-rib‘ quartan
(fever)
‫ ربع‬rub‘ pl. ‫ارباع‬arbā‘ quarter, fourth
part; roubouh, a dry measure 322 (Eg. =
٨.٢٥ = ‫ قدح‬l); (syr.) 25-piaster piece │‫ربع‬
‫ سنوي‬r. sanawī quarterly, trimestral
‫ ربعي‬rub‘ī quarterly, trimestral
‫ ربعة‬rab‘a: ‫ ربعة القوام‬r. al-qiwām and
‫ ربعة القامة‬r. al-qāma (m. and f.) or medium
height, medium sized
‫ ربعة‬rub‘a robhah, a dry measure (Eg.;
= ٠.٥١٦ = ‫ قدح‬l)
‫ رباع‬rabbā‘ athlete (boxer, wrestler,
weight lifter, etc.)
‫ ربيع‬rabī‘ spring, springtime, vernal
season; name of the third and fourth
months of the Muslim year (‫ ربيع األول‬r.
al-awwali Rabia I, and ‫ ربيع الثاني‬r. at-tānī
Rabia Il); quarter, fourth part
‫ اربعة‬arba‘a (f. ‫ اربع‬arba‘) four │
‫ ذوات األربع‬dawāt al-arba‘ the
quadrupeds
‫ اربعة عشر‬arba‘ata ‘ašara (f. ‫اربع عشرة‬
arba‘a ‘ašarata) fourteen
‫ اربعون‬arba‘ūn forty; ‫ األربعون‬a
ceremony held on the 40th day after s.o.’s
death │‫‘ عيد األربعين‬īd al-a. Ascension Day
(Chr.)
‫ رباعي‬rubā‘ī consisting or four,
quadripartite, fourfold, quadruple;
quadrangular; tetragonal; (gram.)
consisting of four radical letters,
quadriliteral; quartet; (pl. -āt) quatrain
(poet.) │‫( مؤتمر رباعي‬mu’tamar) four-
power conference; ‫رباعي األضالع‬
quadrilateral; ‫ رباعي األرجل‬r. l-arjul
quadruped(al), four-footed; ‫محرك رباعي‬
‫ المشوار‬muḥarrik r. l-mišwār four-cycle
engine
‫ األربعاء‬al-arba‘ā’, al-arbi‘ā’, ‫يوم األربعاء‬
yaum al-a. Wednesday
 ‫ يربوع‬yarbū‘ pl. ‫ يرابيع‬yarābī‘ jerboa
(Jaculus jaculus; zool.)
‫ مربع‬marba‘ pl. ‫ مرابع‬marābi‘ meadow
‫ تربيع‬tarbī‘ lunar quarter; -- (pl. ‫ترابيع‬
tarābī‘2) quadrangle; square, plaza
(surrounded by houses) │‫تربيع الدائرة‬
quadrature or the circle
‫ تربيعة‬tarbī‘a pl. ‫ ترابيع‬tarābī‘2 square,
quadrangle; square, plaza; square panel;
tile, floor tile
‫ تربيعي‬tarbī‘ī quadratic, square
‫ الرابع‬ar-rābi‘ the fourth; ‫ رابعا‬fourthly,
in the fourth place
‫ رابع‬rābi‘ (due to erroneous pointing) =
‫ رائع‬q.v.
‫ مربوع‬marbū‘ of medium height,
medium-sized
‫ مربع‬murabba‘ fourfold, quadruple;
quadragular; tetragonal; square, quadratic;
quadrangle; square; (pl. -āt) quadrangular
piece; quartet │‫( متر مربع‬mitr) square
meter; ‫ مربع األضالع‬quadrilateral (math.)
‫ مربعة‬murabba‘a pl. -āt section, district,
area
‫ مرابع‬murābi‘ partner in an agricultural
enterprise (sharing one quarter of the
gains or losses)
‫ جلس متربعا‬jalasa mutarabbi‘an to sit
crosslegs
‫ رابغ‬rābig pleasant, comfortable
‫ ربق‬ribq lasso, lariat
‫ ربقة‬ribqa, rabqa pl. ‫ ربق‬ribaq, ‫رباق‬
ribāq, ‫ ارباق‬arbāq noose
‫ ربك‬rabaka u (rabk) to muddle, entangle,
complicate (‫ ھـ‬s.th.); to confuse, throw
into confusion (‫ ه‬،‫ ھـ‬s.o., s.th.); -- rabika a
(rabak) to be in an involved, confused
situation VIII to be confused; to become
involved (‫ في‬in)
‫ ربك‬rabak involved, confused situation
‫ ربك‬rabik: confused; in trouble, beset
by difficulties
‫ ارتباك‬irtibāk pl. -āt entanglement,
involvement; snarl, tangle, muddle, mess;
confusion; embarrassment; upset (of the
stomach) 323
‫ مربك‬murabbik confusing, bewildering,
disconcerting
‫ مرتبك‬murtabik; confused, complicated,
involved; bewildered, disconcerted,
embarrassed; involved (‫ في‬in)
‫ ربل‬rabil plump, fleshy, fat (person)
‫ ربلي‬rablī, rabalī fleshy
‫ ربلة‬rabla pl. rabalāt (mass of) flesh (of
the body)
‫ ربيل‬rabīl fleshy, corpulent, fat
‫ ربالة‬rabāla corpulence
‫ ربما‬see ‫رب‬
‫ )ربا )ربو‬rabā u (‫ رباء‬rabā’, ‫ ربو‬rubūw) to
increase; to grow; to grow up; to exceed, (
‫ على‬a number, also ‫)عن‬, be more than ((‫على‬
‫ │ما يربو على المئة‬more than a hundred II to
make or let grow; to raise, rear, bring up (‫ه‬
s.o.); to educate; to teach, instruct (‫ ه‬a
child); to breed, raise (‫ ھـ‬e.g., poultry,
cattle); to develop (‫ ھـ‬e.g., a method) III to
practice usury IV to make grow, augment,
increase (‫ ھـ‬s.th.); to exceed (‫ على‬a
number, an age, a measure) V to be
brought up, be educated; to be bred, be
raised
‫ ربو‬rabw dyspnea, asthma
‫ ربوة‬rubwa (rabwa, ribwa) pl. ‫ربى‬
ruban hill
‫ ربوة‬ribwa pl. -āt ten thousand, myriad
‫ ربا‬riban interest; usurious interest;
usury
‫ ربوى‬ribawī usurious
‫ رباء‬rabā’ surplus, excess; superiority (
‫ على‬over s.o.); favor
‫ تربية‬tarbiya education, upbringing;
teaching, instruction; pedagogy; breeding,
raising (of animals) │‫ سيئ التربية‬sayyi’ at-t.
ill-bred; ‫ قليل التربية‬ill-bred, uncivil, ill-
mannered; ‫‘ علم التربية‬ilm at-t. pedagogy,
pedagogics; ‫ تربية األطفال‬baby care; ‫التربية‬
‫( البدنية‬badanīya) physical education,
physical training; ‫ تربية الحيوان‬t. al-
ḥayawān cattle farming, stockbreeding;
‫ تربية الدجاج‬t. ad-dajāj chicken farming,
 poultry husbandry; ‫ تربية السمك‬t. as-samak
pisciculture; ‫ تربية النباتات‬t. an-nabātāt plant
cultivation
‫ تربوي‬tarbawī, ‫ تربيوي‬tarbiyawī
pedagogic, pedagogical
‫ رابية‬rābiya pl. ‫ رواب‬rawābin hill
‫ مرب‬murabbin pl. ‫ مربون‬murabbūn
educator; pedagogue; breeder (of
livestock)
‫ مربية‬murabbiya pl. -āt tutoress,
governess; dry nurse, nursemaid
‫ مربى‬murabban raised, brought up;
educated; well-bred, well-mannered; jam,
preserved fruit; pl. ‫ مربيات‬murabbayāt
preserves
‫ مراب‬murābin usurer
‫ مترب‬mutarabbin well-bred, well-
mannered
‫( ربورتاج‬Fr. reportage) pl. -āt reportage, report
‫ ارت‬aratt2, f. ‫ رتاء‬rattā’2, pl. ‫ رت‬rutt afflicted
with a speech defect
‫ رتب‬II to array, arrange, dispose (‫ ھـ‬s.th. in a
regular sequence or order); to decorate,
dress (iii a show window); to settle,
determine, regulate (‫ ھـ‬s.th.); to put into
proper order, put together (‫ ھـ‬words); to
prepare, set aside, earmark (‫ ھـ‬s.th.); to fix,
appoint (‫ ل ھـ‬a salary for s.o.); to make (‫ھـ‬
s.th.) result or accrue (‫ على‬from), derive (
‫ على ھـ‬s.th. from), make (‫ ھـ‬s.th.) the result
or consequence of (‫ )على‬V to fall in line;
to be arranged, organized or set up (along
the lines of); to be set aside, be assigned;
to be subordinate (‫ على‬to s.th.), be the
result or consequence (‫ على‬of), result,
follow, derive, spring (‫ على‬from), be
caused (‫ على‬by) │‫( ترتب بذمته‬bi-dimmatihī)
to become the debtor of s.o. 324
‫ رتبة‬rutba pl. ‫ رتب‬rutab degree, grade,
level; rank, standing, station; class,
quality; (mil.) rank; clerical rank, order (of
the Christian ministry); religious
ceremony (Chr.) │‫ كتاب الرتب‬ritual (of the
Roman Catholic Church)
‫ رتابة‬ratāba monotony
‫ رتيب‬ratīb monotonous
‫ رتباء‬rutabā’2 noncommissioned
officers (Syr.; mil.)
‫ مرتبة‬martaba pl. ‫ مراتب‬marātib2 step; a
steplike elevation serving as a seat;
mattress; grade, degree, rank, class │‫في‬
‫( المرتبة األولى‬ūlā) first (mortgage)
‫ ترتيب‬tartīb pl. -āt order, arrangement,
array; sequence, succession; make-up,
setup; layout (of a complex, e.g., of
houses); organization; preparation,
arrangement, provision, measure, step; rite
of administering a sacrament (Chr.) │
‫ بالرترتيب‬one by one, in proper succession;
‫ من غيرترت‬disorderly, in confusion
‫ ترتيبي‬tartībī ordinal │‫‘( عدد ترتيبي‬adad)
ordinal number .
‫ راتب‬rātib monotonous; (pl. ‫رواتب‬
rawātib2 salary, pay, emolument; pl. ‫رواتب‬
certain supererogatory exercises of
devotion
‫ مرتب‬murattab arranged; organized, set
up, regulated, etc.; (pl. -āt) salary, pay,
emolument
‫ رتج‬rataja u (ratj) to look, bar, bolt (‫ ھـ‬the
door); -- ratija a (rataj) to be tonguetied,
be speechless, falter IV pass. ‫ارتج عليه‬
(urtija) words failed him, he was
speechless, he didn't know what to say, he
was at a loss
‫ رتاج‬ritāj pl. ‫ رتج‬rutuj, ‫ رتائج‬ratā’ij2
gate, gateway I eli)1 p muḥkam ar-r.
firmly bolted (gate)
‫ رتع‬rata‘a a (rat‘,‫ رتوع‬rutū‘, ‫ رتاع‬ritā‘) to
pasture, graze; to gormandize, carouse,
feast; to revel, indulge freely (‫ في‬in) IV to
pasture, put out to graze (‫ ھـ‬cattle)
‫ مرتع‬marta‘ pl. ‫ مراتع‬marāti‘2 rich
grazing land, pasture; fertile ground (‫ل‬
for; fig.); breeding ground, hotbed (of
vice, of evil, etc.)
‫ رتق‬rataqa u i (ratq) to mend, repair, patch up,
sew up (‫ ھـ‬s.th.)
‫ رتق‬ratq pl. ‫ رتوق‬rutūq patching,
mending, repair; dam (of a stocking)
‫ رتك‬rataka u i, (ratk, ratak, ‫ رتكان‬ratakān) to
run with abort steps, trot
‫ مرتك‬martak litharge (chem.)
‫ رتل‬ratila a (ratal) to be regular, well-ordered,
neat, tidy II to phrase elegantly (‫ الكالم‬al-
kalāma one’s words); to psalmodize,
recite in a singsong; to sing, chant (‫ھـ‬
spiritual songs, hymns; Chr.)
‫ رتل‬ratl pl. ‫ ارتال‬artāl railroad train │
‫( رتل آلي‬ālī) motorized convoy (mil.)
‫ رتيالء‬rutailā’2 harvestman
(Phalangium), daddy longlegs; tarantula
‫ ترتيل‬tartīl slow recitation of the Koran
(a technical term of tajwīd); psalmodizing,
psalmody, singsong recitation; singing,
chanting (of hymns, etc.; Chr.); -- (pl.
‫ تراتيل‬tarātīl2) hymn; religious song (Chr.)
‫ ترتيلة‬tartīla pl. ‫ تراتيل‬tarātīl2 hymn
‫ مرتل‬murattal church singer; choirboy,
chorister (Chr.); singer, chanter
‫ رتم‬ratama i (ratm) to utter, say (‫ بكلمة‬bi-
‫ رج‬raja u (rajj) to convulse, shake, rock (‫ھـ‬
kalima a word; only with neg.)
‫ رتم‬ratam (coll.; n. un. ‫ )ة‬retem (Retama
raetam Webb., Genista raetam Forsk.;
bot.)
‫ رتمة‬ratma and ‫ رتيمة‬ratīma pl. ‫رتائم‬
ratā’im2, ‫ رتام‬ritām thread wound around
one’s finger as a reminder 325
‫ )رتا )رتو‬ratā u and II ‫ رتى‬rattā to mend, darn (
‫ ھـ‬e.g., stockings)
‫( رتوش‬Fr. retouche) ritūš retouch
‫ رتينج‬ratīnaj (= ‫ )راتينج‬resin
‫( رتينة‬It. retina) ratīna pl. ‫ رتائن‬ratā’in2
incandescent mantle
‫ رث‬ratta i (‫ رثاثة‬ratāta, ‫ رثوثة‬rutūta) to
be ragged, tattered, shabby. worn
(garment)
‫ رجب‬rajaba u and rajiba a (rajab) to be afraid
‫ رث‬ratt pl. ‫ رثاث‬ritāt old, shabby, worn,
threadbare │‫ رث الھيئة‬r. al-hai’a of shabby
appearance
‫ رثة‬ritta old, outmoded things, worn
‫ رجح‬rajaḥa a i u (‫ رجوح‬rujūḥ, ‫ رجحان‬rujḥān) to
clothes
‫ رثيث‬ratīt old, .habby, worn, threadbare
‫ رثاثة‬ratāta shabbiness, raggedness
‫ رثوثة‬rutūta shabbiness, raggedness
‫ )رثو‬and ‫ رثي( رثا‬ratā u (ratw) to bewail,
lament, celebrate in an elegy, in a funeral
oration (‫ ه‬a deceased person); -- ‫ رثى‬ratā i
(raty, ‫ رثاء‬ritā’, ‫ مرثية‬martiya, ‫ مرثاة‬martāh)
to bewail, lament, bemoan (‫ ه‬a deceased
person); to elegize, celebrate in an elegy,
in a funeral oration (‫ ه‬a deceased person);
to mourn (‫ ل‬for, over), deplore (‫ ل‬s.o. or
s.th.); to pity (‫ ل‬s.o.), feel sorry (‫ ل‬for) │
‫ رثاه بمرثاة‬to elegize s.o. (a deceased
person), bewail and celebrate him in an
elegy; ‫( شيء يرثى له‬yurtā) a deplorable,
regrettable thing
‫ رثى‬raty bewailing, bemoaning,
lamentation
‫ رثاء‬ritā’ bewailing, bemoaning,
lamentation; regret; elegiac poetry
‫ رثية‬ratya pl. ratayāt arthritis, gout
‫ مرثية‬martiya and ‫ مرثاء‬martā’ pl. ‫مراث‬
marātin elegy, dirge, epicedium; pl. ‫مراث‬
funeral orations
s.th.); pass. rujja to be shaken, tremble,
shake, quake VIII to be convulsed, shake,
tremble, quake
‫ رج‬rajj shaking, rocking, convulsion
‫ رجة‬rajja convulsion; shook,
concussion
‫ رجاج‬rajjāj trembling, quaking,
shaking, rocking
‫ ارتجاج‬irtijāj shock, concussion;
trembling, tremor │ O ‫ ارتجاج المخ‬irt. al-
mukk cerebral concussion (med.)
‫ رجأ‬IV to postpone, adjourn, defer, put off (‫ھـ‬
s.th.)
‫ ارجاء‬irjā’ postponement, deferment,
adjournment
(‫ من‬or ‫ عن‬of), be awed (‫ من‬or ‫ عن‬by)
‫ رجب‬rajab Rajab, the seventh month of
the Muslim year
incline (scale of a balance); to weigh
more, be of greater weight; to
preponderate, predominate; to surpass,
excel (‫ ه‬s.o.); to be very likely (‫ ان‬that),
‫ رجح عنده ان‬it appeared to him most likely
that ...; -- to weigh (‫ ھـ بيده‬s.th. in the hand)
II to make (‫ ھـ‬s.th.) outweigh (‫ على‬s.th.
else), give preponderance (‫ ھـ‬to s.th., ‫على‬

over); to think (‫ ھـ‬s.th.) weightier; to
prefer (‫ على ھـ‬s.th. to), give (‫ ھـ‬s.th.)
preference (‫ على‬to), favor (‫ على ھـ‬s.th.
more than); to think likely or probable (‫ھـ‬
s.th., ‫ ان‬that) V to carry greater weight, be
weightier, preponderate; to swing back
and forth, pendulate; to rock; to seesaw,
tester VIII to swing back and forth,
pendulate; to rook; to seesaw, tester
‫ رجاحة‬rajāḥa forbearance, indulgence,
leniency; composure, equanimity
‫ رجحان‬rujḥān preponderance,
predominance (‫ على‬over), ascendancy,
superiority 326
2
‫ ارجح‬arjaḥ superior in weight,
preponderant; having more in its favor,
more acceptable; preferable; more likely,
more probable │ ‫ األرجح ان‬it is most likely
that ...; probably ...; ‫ على األرجح‬probably, in
all probability
‫ ارجحية‬arjaḥīya preponderance,
predominance, prevalence
‫ ارجوحة‬urjūḥa pl. ‫ اراجيح‬arājīḥ2 seesaw;
swing; cradle
‫ راجح‬rājiḥ) superior in weight,
preponderant; having more in its favor,
more acceptable; preferable; probable,
likely
‫ مرجوحة‬marjūḥa pl. ‫ مراجيح‬marājīḥ2
seesaw; swing
‫ مرجح‬murajjaḥ preponderant,
predominant; probable, likely
‫ رجرج‬rajraja and II tarajraja to tremble,
quiver; to sway
‫ رجراج‬rajrāj agitated; trembling,
tremulous; swaying; quivering; ‫ الرجراج‬the
sea
1
‫رجز‬VIII to compose or declaim poems in the
meter rajaz; to thunder, roar, surge (sea)
‫ رجز‬rujz, rijz punishment (inflicted by
God); dirt, filth
‫ رجز‬rajaz name of a poetical meter
‫ ارجاز‬arjāz verses in the meter rajaz;
little (work) song
‫ ارجوزة‬urjūza pl. ‫ اراجيز‬arājīz2 poem in
the meter rajaz
2
‫ ارجوز‬look up alphabetically
‫ رجس‬rajisa a (rajs) and rajusa u (‫ رجاسة‬rajāsa)
to be dirty, filthy; to commit a shameful
act, do s.th. disgraceful or dirty
‫ رجس‬rijs pl. ‫ ارجاس‬arjās dirt, filth; dirty
thing or act, atrocity
‫ رجس‬rajas pl. ‫ ارجاس‬arjās dirt, filth
‫ رجس‬rajis dirty, filthy
‫ رجاسة‬rajāsa dirt, squalor
‫ رجاس‬rajjās roaring, surging (sea);
thundering
‫ رجع‬raja‘a i (‫ رجوع‬rujū‘) to come back, come
again, return; to recur; to resort, turn (‫الى‬
to); to recommence, begin again, resume (
‫ الى‬s.th.); to fall back (‫ الى‬on), go back,
revert (‫ الى‬to); to look up (‫ الى‬s.th. in a
book), consult (‫ الى‬a book); to go back, be
traceable (‫ الى‬to), be attributable (‫ الى ان‬to
the fact that ...), derive, stem, spring (‫الى‬
from); ‫ رجع به الى‬to reduce s.th. to (its
elements, or the like); to depend (‫ الى‬on);
to be due, belong by right (‫ الى‬to); to fall
under s.o.’s (‫ )ل‬jurisdiction, be s.o.’s (‫)ل‬
bailiwick; to desist, refrain (‫ عن‬from); to
withdraw (‫عن‬, also ‫ في‬e.g., what one has
said), revoke, countermand, repeal, cancel
(‫ عن‬or ‫ على‬e.g., a decision); to turn against
s.o. (‫ على(؛ رجع به على فالن‬to claim
restitution of s.th. from s.o.; to demand,
claim (‫ ب‬s.th., ‫ على‬from s.o.); to entail,
involve (‫ ب‬s.th., a consequence); to have a
good effect (‫ في‬on), be successful (‫في‬
with) │‫‘( رجع على عقبه‬aqbihī) pl. ‫رجعوا على‬
‫( اعقابھم‬a‘qābihim) to retrace one's steps,
go back the way one came; ‫رجع الى الصحة‬
(ṣiḥḥa) to regain one’s health; ‫رجع الى‬
‫( صوابه‬ṣawābihī) to come to one's senses;
‫ رجع الى نفسه‬to watch o.s., examine o.s.;
‫ يرجع ذلك الى ان‬this is due to the fact that ...;
‫( يرجع السبب الى‬sabab) the reason is to be
found in ...; ‫ رجعت به الذاكرة الى‬he recalled,
remembered ...; ‫( رجع في كالمه‬kalāmihī) to
go back on one’s word II to cause to come
back or return; to return, give back; to
send back; to turn away (‫ عن ه‬s.o. from);
to sing or chant in a vibrant, quavering
tone; to echo, reverberate (‫ ھـ‬s.th.) │‫رجع‬
‫( صداه‬ṣadāhū) to return the echo of s.th.,
echo s.th. III to return, come back (‫ ه‬،‫ھـ‬
to); to revert 327
 ‫ رجعع‬rujū‘ return; reverting, coming
back (‫ الى‬to); recourse (‫ الى‬to); traceability
(‫ الى‬to); revocation, withdrawal, retraction
(‫ عن‬of s.th.); resignation, surrender (‫ عن‬of
‫ رجف‬rajafa a (rajf, ‫ رجفان‬rajfān) to be
s.th.); reclamation; recall; restitution,
return │‫ برجوع البريد‬by return mail
‫ رجيع‬rajī‘ excrement
‫ مرجع‬marji‘ pl. ‫ مراجع‬marāji‘ return;
authority to which one turns or appeals;
place of refuge, retreat; recourse resort;
authority, responsible agency; source (esp.
scientific), authoritative reference work;
resource; source to which s.th. goes back
or to which s.th. can be attributed; starting
point, origin; recourse (jur.) │ ‫مرجع‬
‫النظر‬m. An-naẓar jurisdiction, competence;
‫ المرجع اليه‬he is the one to turn to; ‫المرجع في‬
‫ ذلك الى‬I am thereby referring to …; ‫كان‬
‫ مرجع ھذا الشيء الى‬this was due to …, was
attributable to …; ‫( اليھم مرجع الفضل‬m. ul-
faḍl) the merit is due to them
‫ مرجعية‬marji‘īya authority
‫ مراجعة‬murāja‘a reiteration, repetition;
inspection, study, examination;
consultation (of a reference work);
request; application, petition (esp. to an
authority); application for advice or
instruction, etc., consultation (of s.o.);
checking, verification, re-examination;
auditing, audit (also ‫;)مراجعة الحساب‬
revision, correction (of a manuscript)
‫ ارجاع‬irjā‘ return, restitution;
refundment; attribution (‫ الى‬to); reduction
(‫ الى‬to)
‫ تراجع‬tarāju‘ withdrawal, retreat;
recession, retrogadation
‫ ارتجاع‬irtijā‘ return to an older form or
order, reactionism, reaction
‫ ارتجاعي‬irtijā‘ī reactionary 328
‫ استرجاع‬istirjā‘ reclamation; recovery,
retrieval; retraction, withdrawal,
revocation
‫ راجع‬rāji‘ returning, reverting, etc.; due,
attributable (‫ الى‬to); rightfully belonging (
‫ الى‬to s.o.); subject (‫ ل‬to s.th.); depending (
‫ ل‬on) │ ‫( الحمى الراجعة‬ḥummā) relapsing
fever
‫ مراجع‬murāji‘ checker, verifier,
examiner; reviser │ ‫ مراجع‬m. al-ḥisāb
auditor, comptroller
convulsed, be shaken; to tremble, quake;
to shiver, shudder; -- to agitate, convulse,
shake (‫ ه‬s.o.) IV to make (‫ ه‬s.o.) tremble or
shudder; to convulse, shake, rock (‫ ھـ‬s.th.);
to spread lies, false rumors; also with ‫ب‬,
e.g., ‫( ارجف بافتراءات‬bi-ftirā’āt) to spread
calumnies VIII to tremble, quake; to
shudder
‫ رجفة‬rajfa (n. vic.) trepidation, tremor;
shudder, shiver
‫ رجاف‬rajjāf trembling, quaking; shaken,
convulsed
‫ ارجاف‬irjāf pl. ‫ اراجيف‬arājīf untrue,
disquieting talk, false rumor
‫ رجل‬rajila a to go on foot, walk II to comb (‫ھـ‬
the hair); to let down (‫ ھـ‬the hair), let it
hang long V = I; to dismount (‫ من‬or if
from; rider); to assume masculine
manners, behave like a man │‫ترجل في‬
‫ طريقه‬to walk all the way VIII to
improvise, extemporize, deliver offhand (
‫ ھـ‬a speech) X to become a man, reach the
age of manhood, grow up; to act like a
man, display masculine manners or
qualities
‫ رجل‬rijl f., pl. ‫ ارجل‬ari"l foot; leg
‫ رجل‬rijl pl. ‫ ارجال‬arjāl swarm (esp. of
locusts); -- common purslane (Portulaca
oleracea L.; bot.)
‫ رجل‬rajil going on foot, pedestrian,
walking
‫ رجل‬rajul pl. ‫ رجال‬rijāl man; pl. ‫رجاالت‬
rijālāt great, important men, leading
personalities, men of distinction │‫رجال‬
‫ الدولة‬r. ad-daula statesmen; ‫ رجال السند‬r.
as-sanad informants, sources of
information
‫ رجالي‬rijālī men’s, for men (e.g.,
apparel)
‫ رجولة‬rajūla masculinity, virility,
manhood
‫ رجولية‬rajūlīya masculinity, virility,
manhood
 ‫ مرجل‬mirjal pl. ‫ مراجل‬marājil2 cooking
kettle, caldron; boiler
‫ ارتجال‬irtijāl improvisation,
extemporization, extemporary speech
‫ ارتجالي‬irtijālī extemporary, improvised,
impromptu, offhand, unprepared
‫ راجل‬rājil pl. ‫ رجل‬rajl, ‫ رجالة‬rajjāla,
‫ رجال‬rujjāl, ‫ رجالن‬rujlān going on foot,
walking; pedestrian
‫ مرتجل‬murtajal improvised,
extemporaneous, extemporary,
impromptu, offhand
1
‫ رجم‬raiama u (raim) to stone (‫ ه‬a.o.); to curse,
damn, abuse, revile (‫ ه‬s.o.) │‫رجم بالغيب‬
(gaib) to talk about s.th. of which one
knows nothing; to guess, surmise, make
conjectures; to predict the future II ‫رجم‬
‫ بالغيب‬do.
‫ رجم‬rajm stoning; (pl. ‫ رجم‬rujam)
missile │ ‫( رجم بالغيب‬gaib) conjecture,
guesswork; prophecy
‫ رجم‬rujum shooting stars, meteorites
‫ رجمة‬rajma pl. ‫ رجم‬rujam, ‫ رجام‬rijām
‫ رجي‬rajiya a to become silent; to remain
tombstone
silent; pass. ‫( رجي عليه‬rujiya) to be tongue-
‫ رجيم‬rajīm stoned; cursed, damned; see
also alphabetically
‫( رجيم‬Fr. régime) rijīm diet
2
‫ ترجمة‬،‫ ترجم‬look up alphabetically
‫ رحب‬raḥiba a (raḥab) and raḥuba u (ruḥb,
‫ مرجونة‬marjūna basket 329
‫ )رجا )رجو‬rajā u (‫ رجاء‬rajā’, ‫ رجاة‬rajāh, ‫مرجاة‬
marjāh) to hope; to hope for s.th. (‫;)ھـ‬
to .xpeat, anticipate (‫ ھـ‬s.th.), look forward
(‫ ھـ‬to); to wish (‫ ھـ‬for s.th., ‫ ھـ ل‬s.o. s.th.,
e.g., success); to ask (‫ ھـ‬for s.th., ‫ من‬or
s.o., ‫ ان‬to do s.th.), request (‫ ھـ‬s.th., ‫من‬
from s.o., ‫ ان‬that he ...) │ ‫رجاه في‬
‫(الحاح‬ilḥāḥ) to plead with s.o., implore s.o.;
‫‘( اجو عدم المؤاخذة‬adama l-mu’ākadata) │ I
must ask your indulgence V to hope (‫ ھـ‬،‫ه‬
for); to expect, anticipate (‫ ھـ‬،‫ ه‬s.th., s.o.),
look forward (‫ ھـ‬to); to request (‫ ه‬s.o.); to
ask (‫ ه‬s.o.) VIII to hope (‫ ھـ‬،‫ ه‬for); to
expect, anticipate (‫ ھـ‬،‫ ه‬s.th., s.o.), look
forward (‫ ھـ‬to); to dread (‫ ه‬s.o.)
‫ رجا‬rajan and ‫ رجاء‬rajā’ pl. ‫ ارجاء‬arjā’
side, direction; region; -- pl. ‫ ارجاء‬arjā’
vastness (of a land), expanses; whole
vicinity or area │‫ في ارجائه‬about its
interior, e.g., ‫( في ارجاء الغرفة‬gurfa) all
about the room, ‫ في ارجاء البالد‬all over the
country, throughout the country; ‫تجاوبت‬
‫( ارجاء الردھة باتصفيق‬a. ur-radha) the entire
auditorium resounded with applause; ‫شاسع‬
‫ األرجاء‬and ‫ واسع األرجاء‬vast in extent, vast-
dimensioned
‫ رجاء‬rajā’ hope (‫ في‬،‫ ب‬and genit.; of);
expectation, anticipation; urgent request │
‫ على رجاء‬in the hope of, hoping for; ‫رجاء‬
‫ العلم‬rajā’ al-‘ilm for your information (on
memos, records, etc.); ‫رأس الرجاء الصالح‬
Cape of Good Hope
‫ رجاة‬rajāh hope, expectation,
anticipation
‫ رجية‬rajīya s.th. hoped for; hope
‫ مرجاة‬marjāh hope
‫ راج‬rājin hoping, full of hope
‫ مرجو‬marjūw hoped for, expected;
requested │‫( المرجو من فضلك ان‬min faḍlika)
approx.; I hope you will be kind enough to
...; ‫( المرجو مراعاة ان‬murā‘ātu) please notice
that …, attention is called to the fact that
…
tied, be unable to utter a sound
‫ رحابة‬raḥāba) to be wide, spacious, roomy
II to welcome (‫ ب‬s.o., also ‫ ب‬s.th., e.g.,
news), bid welcome (‫ ب‬to s.o.); to receive
graciously, make welcome (‫ ب‬s.o.) V to
welcome (‫ ب‬s.o.), bid welcome (‫ ب‬to)
‫ رحب‬raḥb wide, spacious, roomy;
unconfined │ ‫ رحب الصدر‬r. aṣ-ṣadr
generous, magnanimous; broad-minded,
open-minded, liberal; frank, candid, open-
hearted; carefree; ‫( صدر رحب‬raḥb)
generosity, magnanimity; open-
mindedness, broad-mindedness, liberality;
frankness, candor; ‫ رحب الباع‬generous,
openhanded, liberal; ‫ رحب الذراع‬do.
‫ رحب‬ruḥb vastness, wideness,
spaciousness unconfinedness │ ‫اتى على‬
‫( الرحب والسعة‬atā, ṣa‘a) to be welcome; ‫وجد‬
‫( رحبا وسعة‬sa‘atan) to met with a friendly
reception
 ‫ رحب‬raḥab vastness, wideness,
spaciousness, unconfinedness │‫رحب الصدر‬
r. aṣ-ṣadr magnanimity, generosity;
lightheartedness
‫ رحبة‬raḥba, raḥaba pl. -āt public square
(surrounded by buildings); (pl. raḥabāt
and ‫ رحاب‬riḥāb) vastness, expanse │‫رحاب‬
‫ الكون‬and ‫ رحاب الفضاء‬r. al-faḍā’ vastness of
outer space
‫ رحيب‬raḥīb = ‫ رحب‬raḥb
‫ رحابة‬raḥāba wideness, vastness,
spaciousness, unconfinedness │‫رحابة الصدر‬
r. aṣ-ṣadr magnanimity, generosity
‫ مرحبا بك‬marḥaban bika welcome!
‫ ترحاب‬tarḥāb welcome, greeting │‫قابله‬
‫( بترحيب‬qābalahū) to receive s.o. with
open arms
‫ ترحيب‬tarḥīb welcoming, welcome,
greeting 330
‫ رحرح‬raḥraḥa: ‫( رحرح بالكالم‬kalām) to
equivocate, speak ambiguously, beat
around the bush
‫ رحرح‬raḥraḥ and ‫ رحراح‬raḥrāḥ wide,
broad, flat; carefree, pleasant (life)
‫ رحض‬raḥaḍa a (raḥḍ) to rinse, wash
‫ مرحاض‬mirḥāḍ pl. ‫ مراحض‬marāḥīḍ2
lavatory, toilet
‫ رحيق‬raḥīq exquisite wine; nectar
1
‫رحل‬raḥala a (‫ رحيل‬raḥīl) to set out; to depart,
leave; to move away, emigrate; to start (
‫ عن‬from a place) │ ‫( رجل يرحل ويقيم‬yuqīm)
a man constantly on the go, a dynamic
man II to make (‫ ه‬s.o.) leave, induce or
urge (‫ ه‬s.o.) to depart; to evacuate (‫الى ه‬
s.o. to), resettle, relocate (‫ الى ه‬s.o. in); to
deport (‫ الى ه‬s.o. to); to allow (‫ ه‬s.o.) to
emigrate; to give (‫ ه‬s.o.) travel clearance;
to carry (passengers e. g., a ship); to
transfer (‫ ھـ‬s.th.); to transport, convey,
forward (‫ ھـ‬s.th.); to dispatch, send out (‫ھـ‬
s.th.); to carry over, post (‫ ھـ‬an item;
bookkeeping); to carry forward (‫ ھـ‬the
balance; bank) V to wander, roam,
migrate, lead a nomadic life; to be
evacuated VIII to set out, leave, depart; to
move away, emigrate │‫ارتحل الى رحمة ربه‬
(ilā raḥmati rabbihī) to pass away, die
‫ رحل‬raḥl pl. ‫ رحال‬riḥāl camel saddle;
saddlebags; baggage, luggage; pl.
stopping place, stop, stopover │‫شد الرحال‬
(šadda) to set out, break camp; ‫القى رحاله‬
alqā riḥālahū to stop (‫ في‬in, at)
‫ رحلة‬riḥla travel, journey; trip, tour;
travelogue
‫ رحلة‬ruḥla destination, place for which
one is bound
‫ رحيل‬raḥīl departure, setting out;
emigration; exodus; demise
‫ رحال‬raḥḥāl pl. ‫ رحل‬riḥal roving,
roaming, peregrinating, wandering,
migratory nomadic; -- (pl. ‫ رحالة‬raḥḥāla)
great traveler, explorer; nomad │‫الطيور‬
‫ الرحالة‬migratory birds; (‫األعراب )العربان‬
‫‘( الرحل‬urbān) the nomadic Bedouins
‫ رحالة‬raḥḥāla great traveler, explorer;
globetrotter
‫ مرحلة‬marḥala pl. ‫ مراحل‬marāḥil2 a
day’s journey; leg of a journey; way
station; stage, phase │‫يزيد عليه بمراحل‬
(yazīdu) it exceeds it by far; ‫في مراحل حياتھا‬
(ḥayātihā) throughout her life, in every
stage of her life
‫ ترحال‬tarḥāl departure, setting out │‫حياة‬
‫ الترحال‬ḥayāt at-t. nomadic life
‫ ترحيل‬tarḥīl emigration, exodus;
effectuation of (s.o.’s) departure;
deportation; evacuation; resettlement;
transfer; moving; transport, transportation;
posting (of accounts); carrying forward
(fin.); dispatch │‫ ترحيل عمال‬t. ‘ummāl
assignment (or detailing) of workmen
‫ ارتحال‬irtiḥāl departure, setting out;
emigration, exodus; demise
‫ راحل‬rāḥil pl. ‫ رحل‬ruḥḥal departing
leaving, parting; traveling; (pl. -ūn)
deceased, late, ‫ الفقيد الراحل‬the deceased
‫ راحلة‬raḥila pl. ‫ رواحل‬rawāḥil2 female
riding camel│‫( شد راحلته‬šadda) to saddle
one’s camel, start out on a journey
‫ مرحل‬muraḥḥal pl. -āt carry-over │
‫ مجموع مرحل‬balance carried forward (fin.)
2
‫ راحيل‬rāḥīl Rachel
‫ رحم‬raḥima a (‫ رحمة‬raḥma, ‫ مرحمة‬marḥama) to
have mercy (‫ ه‬upon s.o.), have compassion
 (‫ ه‬for s.o.) ; to spare, let off (‫ ه‬s.o.); to be
merciful II ‫ رحم عليه‬to say to s.o.: ‫رحمك ﷲ‬
raḥimaka llāh may God have mercy upon
you; to ask God to have mercy (‫ على‬upon
s.o.), plead for God’s mercy (‫ على‬for what
has happened) V = II; VI to show human
understanding for one another, love and
respect one another X to ask (‫ ه‬s.o.) to
have mercy 331
‫ رحم‬raḥim, riḥm f., pl. ‫ ارحام‬arḥām
uterus; womb; relationship, kinship │‫ذوو‬
‫ االرحام‬dawū l-a. relatives on the maternal
side
‫ رحمة‬raḥma pity, compassion; human
understanding, sympathy, kindness; mercy
│‫ كان تحت رحمته‬to be at s.o.’s mercy; ‫جعله‬
‫ تحت رحمته‬to leave s.th. or s.o. to s.o.’s
mercy; ‫ بساط الرحمة‬pall
‫ رحيم‬raḥīm pl. ‫ رحماء‬ruḥamā’ and ‫رحوم‬
ruḥūm merciful, compassionate
‫ الرحمن‬ar-raḥmān the Merciful (i.e.,
God)
‫ مرحمة‬marḥama pl. ‫ مراحم‬marāḥim2 pity,
compassion, sympathy; mercy
‫ ترحيم‬tarḥīm: ‫( ترحيم الموتى‬mautā) pl.
‫ تراحيم‬tarāḥīm2 intercessory prayer for the
dead (Chr.)
‫ استرحام‬istirḥām plea for mercy
‫ مرحوم‬marḥūm deceased, late, e.g.,
‫ المرحوم السيد‬the late M. …
‫ رحى‬raḥan f., pl. ‫ ارحاء‬arḥā’, ‫ رحى‬ruḥīy, ‫ارحية‬
arḥīya quern, hand mill │ ‫ حجر الرحى‬ḥajar
ar-r. millotone; ‫)دارت رحى الحرب )القتال‬
dārat r. l-ḥarb the war (fighting) broke
out; the war (fighting) was going on
‫ رحوى‬raḥawī rotating, rotatory
‫ رحاوى‬raḥḥāy pl. -ūn grinder
‫ رخ‬raḳḳa u to mix with water, dilute (‫ ھـ‬wine)
‫ رخ‬raḳḳ (n. un. ‫ )ة‬light shower
‫ رخ‬rukk roc, name of a fabulous giant
bird; (pl. ‫ رخخة‬rikaka) rook, castle (chess)
‫ رخاخ‬rakāk soft (ground); comfortable,
pleasant, easy (life)
‫ رخص‬rakuṣa (rukṣ) to be cheap, inexpensive; (
‫ رخاصة‬rakāṣa) to be supple, tender, soft II
to permit, allow (‫ ل‬s.o. ‫ ب‬or ‫ في‬s.th.); to
authorize, license (‫ ل‬s.o., ‫ ب‬or ‫ في‬to do
s.th.); to empower (‫ ل‬s.o.); to reduce the
price (‫ ھـ‬of s.th.) IV to reduce the price (‫ھـ‬
of s.th.) V to be willing to please, meet on
fair term. (‫ مع في‬s.o. in), show o.s. ready to
compromise (‫ مع‬with s.o. ‫ في‬in s.th.); to
make concessions (‫ في‬or ‫ ب‬in s.th.); to
permit o.s. liberties, take liberties (‫ في‬in)
X to find cheap, regard as inexpensive (‫ھـ‬
s.th.); to request s.o.’s (‫ )ه‬permission
‫ رخص‬rakṣ supple, tender, soft
‫ رخص‬rukṣ cheapness, inexpensiveness
‫ رخصة‬rukṣa pl. ‫ رخص‬rukaṣ permission;
concession, license, franchise; admission;
authorization; leave; permit │‫رخصة قيادة‬
‫ السيارات‬r. qiyādat as-sayyārāt driving
permit, operator’s license
‫ رخيص‬rakīṣ supple, tender, soft, cheap,
inexpensive, low-priced; base, mean, low;
trash, trumpery
‫ ترخيص‬tarkīṣ pl. -āt, ‫ تراخيص‬tarākīṣ2
granting of permission; permission;
authorization; mandate; concession;
license; price reduction, price cut
‫ مرتخص‬murtakiṣ low-priced,
inexpensive, cheap │‫ كل مرتخص وغال‬kullu
murtakaṣin wa-gālin every conceivable
effort, everything (in one’s power)
‫ رخم‬rakuma u (‫ رخامة‬rakāma) and rakama u to
be soft, mellow, gentle, pleasant (voice);
‫ )رخمت بيضھا )على بيضھا‬rakamat baiḍahā
(‘alā baiḍihā) to sit on the eggs (hen) II to
soften, mellow (‫ ھـ‬the voice); to apocopate
(‫ ھـ‬a word); to tile with marble (‫ ھـ‬the
floor)
‫ رخم‬rakam (coll.; n. un. ‫ )ة‬Egyptian
vulture (Neophron percnopterus; zool.)
‫ رخام‬rukām marble
‫ رخام‬rukāma pl. -āt marble slab
‫ رخيم‬rakīm soft, mellow, pleasant,
melodious (voice); O note lowered by a
semitone, flat (mus.) 332
‫ ترخيم‬tarkīm shortening, apocopation, esp. of a
name in the vocative by elision of the final
consonant (gram.)
(‫ رخو‬and ‫ رخي( رخو‬rakuwa u and ‫ رخي‬rakiya a
(‫ رخاوة‬rakāwa, ‫ رخاء‬rakā’) to be or become
loose, slack, relaxed; to slacken, slump,
 sag, relax; -- ‫ رخاء‬rakā’ u (‫ رخاء‬rakā’): ‫رخا‬
‫‘( عيشه‬aišuhū) to live in easy
circumstances, live in opulence IV to
loosen, slacken (‫ ھـ‬s.th.); to relax (‫ ھـ‬s.th.);
to let go (‫ ھـ‬s.th.); to lower, drop, let down
(‫ ھـ‬s.th.) VI to slacken, sag, droop, become
limp; to show little energy or zeal, let up,
become lax, be remiss (‫ عن‬in s.th.); to go
down, slump (prices); to lag, become dull
or listless (stock market); to diminish,
flag, wane, ebb, decrease; to desist (‫عن‬
from); to be lowered, drop, fall (curtain);
to be delayed, be retarded VIII to slacken,
slump, sag, droop, become limp, flaccid,
flabby; to become loose, work loose; to
soften, become soft; to relax, become
relaxed, unbend; to abate, let up; to
languish, nag, lose force or vigor X = VIII
‫ رخو‬rakw, rikw loose, slack; limp,
flabby, flaccid; indolent, languid; soft;
supple
‫ رخاء‬rakā’ ease, comfort, happiness;
prosperity; abundance, opulence (of
living); welfare; fairness, lowness (of
prices)
‫ رخاء‬rukā’ gentle breeze
‫ رخاوة‬rakāwa softness; flaccidity,
limpness; laxity │‫ رخاوة العود‬r. al-‘ūd
weakness of character
‫ رخي‬rakīy feeble, weakened, languid;
relaxed, at ease; cozy, comfortable
‫ تراخ‬tarākin, limpness; slackness;
languor, lassitude; abatement, mitigation,
letup; relaxation; loosening, looseness
‫ ارتخاء‬irtikā’ loosening, slackening;
looseness, slackness; laxity; abatement
mitigation, letup; ease, relaxedness;
relaxation; limpness; languor, lassitude
‫ استرخاء‬istirkā’ = ‫ ارتخاء‬irtikā’
‫ راخ‬rākin sagging, drooping
‫ متراخ‬mutarākin limp, flaccid, flabby;
drooping; languid; negligent, indolent,
slack
‫ رد‬radda u (radd) to send back; to bring back,
take back (‫ ه‬،‫ الى ھـ‬s.o., s.th. to); to return (
‫ الى ھـ‬s.th. to its place). put back, lay back (
‫ الى ھـ‬s.th. in its place); to throw back,
repel, drive back, drive away (‫ ه‬s.o.); to
resist, oppose (‫ ه‬s.o.); to turn down, refuse,
decline (‫ ھـ‬s.th., e.g., the fulfillment of a
wish); to ward off, parry, repel (‫ھجوما‬
hujūman an attack); to reject (‫تھمة‬
tuhmatan a suspicion); to hand back, give
back, return, restore (‫ ھـ‬s.th., ‫ الى‬to s.o.); to
return (‫ السالم‬as-salāma the greeting); to
reply (‫ على‬to s.o.), answer (‫ على‬s.o.); to
reflect (‫ ھـ‬light); to throw back, echo (‫ھـ‬
the voice); to refute, disprove (‫ على‬s.th.);
to hold back, keep, restrain (‫ عن ه‬s.o. from
s.th.); to dissuade (‫ عن ه‬s.o. from), prevail
upon s.o. (‫ )ه‬not to do s.th. (‫ ;)عن‬to trace
back, attribute (‫ الى ھـ‬s.th. to an origin); to
bring, yield ( ‫ ھـ على‬s.th. to s.o.); to
reappoint, reinstate (‫ ه ه‬s.o. as, e.g., ‫حاكما‬
ḥākiman as governor) │‫ رد الباب‬to close
the door; ‫( رد جوابا‬jawāban) to answer; ‫ما‬
‫ يرد ھذا عليك شيئا‬this won’t help you at all; ‫ال‬
‫( يرد‬yuraddu) irrefutable; ‫رده على عقبيه‬
(‘aqibaih) pl. ‫( ردھم على اعقابھم‬a‘qābihim)
to drive s.o. back to where he came from;
‫‘( رد عينه عنه‬ainahū) he averted his eyes
from it II to keep away, avert, prevent,
stave off (‫ ھـ‬s.th.); to repel, throw back (،‫ھـ‬
‫ ه‬s.o., s.th.); to repeat (constantly,
frequently); to break forth, burst (‫ ھـ‬into,
e.g., into singing), strike up, intone, let
ring out (‫ ھـ‬a tune, or the like) │‫ردد الصدى‬
(ṣadā) to return the echo; ‫ردد النظر في‬
(naẓara) to look at s.th. again and again;
333 ‫( ردد طرفه بين‬ṭarafahū) to let one’s
eyes wander between, look first at one,
then at the other V to be thrown back, be
reflected (voice, echo); to ring out
(shouts); to shift repeatedly (wind); to
come and go (‫ على‬at s.o.’s house; rarely
‫)الى‬, frequent, visit frequently (‫ على‬s.o.’s
house, a place; rarely ‫ ;)الى‬to return, recur;
to hesitate, be reluctant (‫ في‬in s.th., to do
s.th.); to waver, become uncertain,
become doubtful ‫ في‬in s.th. or as to s.th.)
│‫( تردد على األلسنة‬alsina) to be frequently
diocussed (question) VIII to withdraw,
retreat, fall back; to move backward,
retrogress; to go back, return, revert (‫الى‬
to); to fall back (‫ الى‬on); to go away,
absent o.s.; to desist, refrain (‫ عن‬from),
renounce, give up, abandon, quit, leave (or
s.th.); to forsake, desert (or one’s faith,
one’s principles, etc.), apostatize, fall off (
‫ عن‬from) │‫‘( ارتد على عقبيه‬aqbaihi), pl.
‫( ارتدوا على اعقابھم‬a’qābihim) to withdraw,
turn back X to reclaim, demand back, call
in (‫ ھـ‬s.th.), demand the return (‫ ھـ‬of s.th.);
to bring back, lead back (‫ ه الى‬s.o. to); to
get back (‫ ھـ‬s.th.); to retrieve, recover,
regain (‫ ھـ‬s.th.); to withdraw (e.g., ‫يده‬
yadahū one’s hand; also fig., e.g., ‫استقالته‬
istiqālatahū one’s resignation); to
withdraw, take out (‫ ھـ‬money, from an
account, from a bank) │‫استرد انفاسه‬
(anfāsahu) to catch one’s breath
‫ رد‬radd pl. ‫ ردود‬rudūd return;
restoration, restitution; refund,
reimbursement; repayment, requital;
repulsion; warding off, parrying; denial,
refusal; rejection; reply, answer; reflection
(e.g., of light); refutation; attribution (‫الى‬
to) │‫ رد الفعل‬al-fi‘l reaction; ‫رد االعتبار‬
rehabilitation; ‫( ردا على‬raddan) in reply
to ...; ‫ اخذ ورد‬see ‫ أخذ‬akada
‫ ردة‬radda ugliness; reverberation, echo;
bran
‫ ردة‬ridda apostasy (‫ عن االسالم‬or from
Islam)
‫ ارد‬aradd2 more useful, more profitable
(‫ على‬to s.o.)
‫ مرد‬maradd fact to which s.th. is
attributable, underlying factor or reason;
averting, rejection, repulsion; responsory
(Chr.) │‫( ال مرد له‬maradda) irresistible;
‫( مرده الى‬maradduhū) it is attributable to ...,
one must ascribe it to ‫ال مرد له اال براعته‬
(maradda, barā‘atuhū) it can only be
attributed to his efficiency; ‫كان على مرد لسانه‬
(maraddi lisānihi) to be constantly on
s.o.’s lips, be a standing phrase with s.o.
‫ ترداد‬tardād frequent repetition;
frequentation
‫ ترديد‬tardīd repetition, reiteration
‫ تردد‬taraddud frequent coming and
going, frequentation; frequency (el.);
hesitation, irresolution, indecision,
wavering; reluctance
‫ ارتداد‬irtidād retreat, withdrawal;
retrogression; renunciation, desertion;
apostasy (‫ عن االسالم‬from Islam) │‫كارتداد‬
‫ الطرف‬ka-rtidādi ṭ-ṭarf in the twinkling of
an eye, in a jiffy
‫ استرداد‬istirdād reclamation, claim of
restitution, vindication (Isl. Law);
recovery, retrieval; retraction, withdrawal;
refundment, reimbursement; withdrawal,
taking out (of money, from an account)
‫ مردود‬mardūd yield, return(s)
‫ مرتد‬murtadd turncoat, renegade,
apostate
1
‫ ردأ‬rada’a a (rad’) to support, prop, shore up
(‫ ھـ‬a wall)
‫ ردء‬rid’ pl. ‫ ارداء‬ardā’ support; help,
helper
2
‫ ردؤ‬radu’a u (‫ رداءة‬radā’a) to be bad V to
become bad, be spoiled
‫ رديء‬radī’ pl. ‫ اردياء‬ardiyā’2 bad; mean,
base, vile; evil, wicked; vicious, 334
malicious │‫ رديء السمعة‬r. as-sum‘a of ill
repute
‫ اردأ‬arda’2 worse; more wicked
‫ رداءة‬radā’a badness; wickedness;
viciousness, maliciousness
‫ اردب‬irdabb (now commonly pronounced
ardabb) pl. ‫ ارادب‬arādib2 ardeb, a dry
measure (Eg.; = 1981)
‫ اردب‬irdabba cesspool
‫ ردح‬radaḥ long period of time │‫ردحا من الھر‬
radaḥan min ad-dahr for a long time
‫ ردس‬radasa i u (rads) to crush (‫ھـ‬. s.th.); to
roll smooth, level by rolling (‫ ھـ‬ground)
‫ ردع‬rada‘a a (rad‘) to keep, prevent (‫ ه عن‬s.o.
from) VIII to be kept, be prevented (‫عن‬
from)
‫ رادع‬rādi‘ deterring; (pl. ‫ روادع‬rawādi‘)
deterrent; impediment, obstacle, handicap;
restriction, limitation, curb, check;
inhibition (psych.)
‫ ردغة‬radga, radaga mud, mire, slush
‫ ردف‬radafa u (radf) and radifa a to come next,
come immediately after s.o. or s.th. (‫ ه‬،‫)ھـ‬,
follow, succeed (‫ ه‬s.o., ‫ ھـ‬s.th.) III to ride
behind s.o. (‫ ه‬on the same animal); to be
the substitute (‫ ه‬of s.o.), replace (‫ ه‬s.o., ‫ھـ‬
s.th.); to be synonymous (‫ ھـ‬with) IV to
seat (‫ ه‬s.o.) behind one (on an animal); to
make (‫ ه‬s.th.) be followed (‫ ب‬by s.th.
else); to complement, complete (‫ ب ھـ‬s.th.
with or by) VI to follow one another,
come in succession; to pile up in layers,
 become stratified; to form a single line; to
flock, throng (‫ على‬to); to be synonymous
‫ ردف‬ridf pl. ‫ ارداف‬ardāf rear man
(riding on the same animal); one who or
that which is subsequent, follows, comes
next; posteriors, backside, rump;
haunches, croup (of an animal); dual:
‫ الردفان‬ar-ridfān day and night
‫ رداف‬ridāf croup, rump (of an animal)
‫ رديف‬radīf rear man, one following next
in line; redif, reserve (in the army of the
former Turkish Empire)
‫ رديفة‬radīfa fem. of ‫رديف‬
‫ ترادف‬tarāduf succession; synonymity
‫ مرادف‬murādif synonym (of a word);
synonymous, consignificant (‫ ل‬with);
corresponding in meaning, analogous ‫ رذ‬radda u: ‫( رذت السماء‬samā’) and IV there
‫ مترادف‬mutarādif synonymous; ‫مترادفات‬
synonyms
‫ ردم‬radama i u (radm) to fill up with earth (‫ھـ‬
pit, pond) II to repair, fix, mend IV not to
leave (‫ على‬s.o.), cling (‫ على‬to s.o.; said of
disease) V to be mended, be repaired; to
repair, mend (‫ ھـ‬s.th.); to be worn, show
signs of wear
‫ ردم‬radm filling up (of swamps, ponds,
etc.); rubble, debris; dam
‫ رديم‬radīm worn, shabby, threadbare
(garment)
‫ ردن‬radana i (radn) to spin; to purr (cat); to
grumble (‫ على‬at)
‫ ردن‬rudn pl. ‫ اردان‬ardān sleeve
‫ ردينى‬rudainī spear (originally epithet
for one of superior quality)
2
‫ مردن‬mirdan pl. ‫ مرادن‬marādin spindle
‫( ردنجوت‬Fr. redingote) redengōt frock coat,
Prince Albert
‫ ردھة‬radha hall; large room, sitting room,
parlor; lobby; entrance hall, vestibule │
‫ ردھة االستقبال‬reception hall, drawing room,
parlor ‫ ردھة المحاضرة‬r. al-muḥāḍarāt
lecture room
‫ ردي‬radiya a (‫ ردى‬radan) to perish, be
destroyed II to bring to the ground (‫ ه‬s.o.),
bring about the fan of (‫ )ه‬IV to bring to the
ground (‫ ه‬s.o.), bring about the fall of (‫;)ه‬
to destroy, ruin (‫ ه‬s.o.); to fell 335 (‫ ه‬s.o.);
to kill (‫ ه‬s.o.) │‫( اراده قتيال‬qatīlan) to fell
s.o. with a deadly blow V to fall, tumble;
to decline, fall off, come down, go from
bad to worse; to deteriorate, become
worse; to clothe o.s. (‫ ب‬with), put on (‫ ب‬a
garment) VIII to put on (‫ ھـ‬a garment or
headgear); to wear (‫ ھـ‬a garment, a
headgear), be clothed, be clad (‫ ھـ‬in) │
‫( ارتدى مالبسه‬malābisahū) to put on one’s
clothes, dress, get dressed
‫ ردى‬radan ruin, destruction
‫ رداء‬ridā’ pl. ‫ اردية‬ardiya loose outer
garment, cloak, robe; (lady’s) dress,
gown; attire, costume │‫ رداء المساء‬al-
masā’ evening gown
‫ مترد‬mutaraddin dressed
was a drizzle, it drizzled
‫ رذاذ‬radād drizzle
‫ رذل‬radila a and radula u (‫ رذالة‬radāla) to be
low, base. vile. despicable. Contemptible;
-- radala u (radl) to reject, cast off,
discard, repudiate, disown (‫ ه‬،‫ ھـ‬s.o., s.th.);
to despise, disdain, scorn (‫ ه‬،‫ ھـ‬s.o. s.th.);
to disapprove (‫ ه‬،‫ ھـ‬of) IV to reject, cast
off, discard, repudiate, disown (‫ ه‬،‫ ھـ‬s.o.,
s.th.) X to regard as low or despicable (,‫ھـ‬
‫ ه‬s.o., s.th.)
‫ رذل‬radl rejection; repudiation; (pl.
‫ رذول‬rudūl, ‫ ارذال‬ardāl) low, base, mean,
vile, despicable, contemptible
‫ رذيل‬radīl pl. ‫ رذالء‬rudalā’ low, base,
mean, vile, despicable, contemptible,
depraved
‫ رذالة‬radāla lowness, baseness,
meanness, vileness, depravity
‫ رذالة‬radīla pl. ‫ رذائل‬radā’il vice;
depravity
‫ مرذول‬mardūl depraved, despicable,
mean, base, vile, evil, wicked
1
‫ رز‬ruzz (= ‫ )ارز‬aruzz) rice
2
‫ رز‬razza u (razz) to insert, drive in (‫ ھـ‬s.th.) II
to burnish, polish (‫ ھـ‬s.th.) IV to telephone
‫ رزة‬razza pl. -āt staple, U bolt; ring
screw; joint pin
O ‫ ارزيز‬irzīz telephone
‫ رزأ‬raza’a a (‫ رزء‬raz’) to deprive (‫ في‬or ‫ه ھـ‬
s.o. of s.th.); pass. ‫ رزئ‬ruzi’a to incur or
suffer loss; to lose (‫ ب‬s.th.); to be afflicted
(‫ ب‬by)
‫ رزء‬ruz’ pl. ‫ ارزاء‬arzā’ heavy loss,
serious damage; disaster, calamity
‫ رزيئة‬razī’a and ‫ رزية‬razīya pl. ‫رزايا‬
razāyā heavy loss, serious damage;
disaster, calamity
‫ رزب‬razaba u (razb) to keep, stick, cling (‫ھـ‬
to)
‫ مرزبة‬mirzabba pl. ‫ مرازب‬marāzib2 iron rod
‫ مرزاب‬mirzāb pl. ‫ مرازيب‬marāzīb2
waterspout, gargoyle; (roof) gutter
‫ رزح‬razaḥa a (‫ رزوح‬ruzūḥ, ‫ رزاح‬ruzāḥ, razāḥ)
to succumb, collapse, sink to the ground
(under a burden); to descend, hover (e.g.,
silence) III to suffer
‫ مرزغ‬marzig muddy, boggy, miry
‫ رزق‬razaqa u to provide with the means of
subsistence (‫ ه‬s.o.; said of God); to bestow
(‫ ه ھـ‬upon s.o. s.th., material or spiritual
possessions; said of God), endow (‫ ه ھـ‬s.o.
with); to bless (‫ ه ھـ‬s.o. with, esp. ‫مولودا‬
with a child); -- pass. ruziqa to be
endowed (‫ ھـ‬with); to live VIII to make a
living, gain one’s livelihood; to live (‫ من‬on
or by s.th.) X to seek one’s livelihood; to
ask for the means of subsistence
‫ رزق‬rizq pl. ‫ ارزاق‬arzāq livelihood,
means of living, subsistence; daily bread,
nourishment, sustenance; boon, blessing
336 (of God); property, possessions,
wealth, fortune; income; pay, wages │
‫ ارزاق ناشفة‬dry rations, emergency rations
(mil.)
‫ الرازق‬ar-rāziq the Maintainer, the
Provider (one of the 99 attributes of God)
‫ ارترزاق‬istirzāq independent livelihood, self-
support
‫ مرزوق‬marzūq blessed (by God), fortunate,
prosperous, successful
‫ مرتزق‬murtaziq hired, hireling, mercenary,
kept
‫ مرتزقة‬murtaziqa kept persons, hangers-on;
mercenaries
‫ مرتزق‬murtazaq means of subsistence,
livelihood, living
‫ رزم‬razama i u (razm) to bundle, bale, pack,
wrap up (‫ ھـ‬s.th.)
‫ رزمة‬rizma pl. ‫ رزم‬rizam bundle; bale, pack;
parcel, package; ream (of paper)
‫ رزن‬razuna u (‫ رزانة‬razāna) to be grave,
serious, sedate, staid, calm, composed,
self-possessed V to display grave or
sedate manners, show o.s. calm,
composed, self-possessed
‫ رزين‬razīn grave, serious, sedate, staid;
composed, calm, self-possessed
‫ رزانة‬razana gravity, sedateness,
staidness; composure, self-possession,
poise
‫ رزنامة‬ruznāma see ‫روزنامة‬
‫ رزية‬pl. ‫ رزايا‬see ‫رزيئة‬
‫ رسيس‬rasīs covered with verdigris
‫ رسب‬rasaba u (‫ رسوب‬rusūb) to sink to the
bottom, settle, subside (esp., in water); to
fail, dunk (in an examination) II to cause
to settle (‫ ھـ‬s.th., in a liquid), deposit (‫ ھـ‬a
sediment); to precipitate (‫ ھـ‬s.th.; chem.) V
to settle, subside, be deposited; to
precipitate (chem.)
‫ رسوب‬rusūb sediment, deposit; lees,
dregs, settlings; precipitate (chem.);
failure (in an examination)
‫ ترسيب‬tarsīb sedimentation;
precipitation (chem.)
‫ راسب‬rāsib pl. ‫ رواسب‬rawāsib2
sediment, deposit; dregs, lees, settlings;
precipitate (chem.); residue
‫ رستامية‬rustāmīya to tidy, arrange well, put in
order (‫ ھـ‬s.th.)
‫ رستق‬rastaqa to tidy, arrange well, put in order
(‫ ھـ‬s.th.)
‫ روستو‬،‫( رستو‬It. arrosto) rostō roast meat
‫( رستوران‬Fr. restaurant) restorān restaurant
‫ مرسح‬marsaḥ (= ‫ )مسرح‬pl. ‫ مراسح‬marāsiḥ2
theater, playhouse; stage; party, social
gathering
‫ مرسحي‬marsaḥī social, party (used
attributively); formal (dress)
‫ رسخ‬rasaka u (‫ رسوخ‬rusūk) to be firmly
established, be deeply rooted (‫ في‬in s.th.);
to be firm, solid, stable; to be conversant,
be thoroughly familiar (‫ في‬with s.th.), be
well versed, be at home (‫ في‬in s.th., in a
field); to seep in; to permeate (‫ في‬a fabric);
to become fast (color or dyes in a fabric)
II and IV to make (‫ ھـ‬s.th.) take root(s),
establish (‫ ھـ‬s.th.); to implant (‫ ھـ‬s.th.); to
secure, make fast, fix firmly, ground (‫ھـ‬
s.th.) │‫( ارسخ الشيء في ذھنه‬dihnihī) to
impress or inculcate s.th. upon s.o.
‫ ارسخ‬arsaka more firmly established,
more deeply rooted │‫( ارسخ قدما‬qadaman)
do.
‫ راسخ‬rāsiq, firmly established, deep-
rooted; grounded, firmly fixed, stable;
conversant (‫ في‬with s.th.), thoroughly
versed, completely at home (‫ في‬in a field)
‫ رسراس‬risrās (eg.) glue, adhesive, specif., one
for pasting leather, made of a yellow
powder 337
‫ رسغ‬rusg pl. ‫ ارساغ‬arsāg, ‫ ارسغ‬arsug wrist
‫ رسف‬rasafa u i to go in shackles; to be bound;
to be moored (ship)
‫ رسل‬rasila a (rasal) to be long and flowing
(hair) III to correspond, carry on a
correspondence, exchange letters (‫ ه‬with
s.o.); to contact (‫ ه‬s.o.), get in touch (‫ ه‬with
s.o.) IV to send out, dispatch (‫ ب‬or ‫ ه‬،‫ھـ‬
s.o., s.th. ‫الى‬, also ‫ل‬, to); to send off, send
away (‫ ب‬or ‫ھـ‬, .s.o., s.th. ‫الى‬, also ‫ل‬, to); to
send, forward, ship (‫ ب‬or ‫ ھـ‬s.th. ‫الى‬, also
‫ل‬, to); to send, transmit (radio); to release,
let go (‫ ھـ‬s.th.); to set free (‫ ھـ‬s.th.); to
discharge (‫ ھـ‬s.th.); to pour forth, vent (‫ھـ‬
s.th.), give vent (‫ ھـ‬to); to utter (‫ ھـ‬words);
to shed (‫ ھـ‬tears); to let (‫ ھـ‬the hair) hang
down, let it fall (‫ على‬on) │‫ارسل في طلبه‬
(ṭalabihī) to send for s.o.; ‫ارسل الكالم ارساال‬
(al-kalāma irsālan) to speak without
restraint, talk freely; ‫ارسل نفسه مع طبيعتھا‬
(nafsahū) to yield to one’s natural
impulse, do the natural thing; ‫ارسل على‬
‫( سجيته‬sajīyatihī) to make s.o. feel at home;
‫( ارسل نفسه على سجيتھا‬nafsahū) to feel at
home, let o.s. go V to proceed leisurely,
take one’s time (‫ في‬in s.th.); to hang down,
be long and flowing (hair) VI to keep up a
correspondence, exchange letters; to send
to one another, exchange (‫ ب‬s.th.) X to ask
(‫ من‬s.o.) to send (‫ ھـ‬s.th.), have s.o. (‫)من‬
send (‫ ھـ‬s.th.); to be relaxed, at ease, free
from restraint; to be long and flowing
(hair); to be friendly, affable, intimate,
chummy (‫ الى‬with s.o.); to act naturally,
without affectation; to let o.s. go; to
enlarge (‫ في الكالم‬fī l-kalām in discourse,
i.e., to talk at length); to abandon o.s., give
o.s. up (‫ في‬to s.th., also ‫ مع‬or ‫ ;)الى‬to persist
(‫ في‬in s.th.), keep up (‫ في‬s.th.)
‫ رسل‬rasl easy, gentle, leisurely (pace,
gait); loose, slack, relaxed; long and
flowing (hair)
‫ رسل‬risl moderation │‫ !على رسلك‬slowly!
gently! take it easy!
‫ رسيل‬rasīl pl. ‫ رسالء‬rusalā’2 messenger;
runner (mil.)
‫ رسول‬rasūl pl. ‫ رسل‬rusul messenger;
emissary; envoy, delegate; apostle (Chr.);
‫ الرسول‬or ‫ رسول ﷲ‬the Messenger of God
(i.e., Mohammed)
‫ رسولي‬rasūlī apostolic, papal (Chr.) │
‫( البركة الرسولية‬baraka) apostolic
benediction; ‫( السدة الرسولية‬sudda) the Holy
See; ‫ قاصد رسولي‬apostolic delegate
‫ رسالة‬risāla pl. -āt, ‫ رسائل‬rasā’l2
consignment, shipment; mail item;
(written) communication, (written) report;
missive; letter, note; epistle; dispatch;
message; treatise; radio message; (pl. -āt)
mission, calling, vocation │‫رسالة برقية‬
(barqīya) telegram; ‫( رسالة غرامية‬garāmīya)
love letter; ‫( رسالة مسجلة‬musajjala)
registered letter
‫ رسيالت‬rusailāt: ‫القى الخبر على رسيالته‬
(kabara) he didn’t take the matter
seriously
O ‫ مرسال‬mirsāl: ‫ مرسال نور‬m. nūr, pl. -āt
searchlight
‫ مراسلة‬murāsala exchange of letters,
correspondence; note, message, letter,
communication; orderly (mil.)
‫ ارسال‬irsāl sending, forwarding,
shipping, dispatch
‫ ارسالية‬irsālīya pl. -āt consignment; mail
item; shipment; transport; (mil.)
expedition; mission
‫ ترسل‬tarassul art of letter writing
 ‫ استرسال‬istirsāl ease, naturalness,
relaxedness; abandon; elaboration,
expatiation
‫ مراسل‬murāsil pl. -ūn correspondent,
reporter (of a newspaper) │‫مراسل حربي‬
(ḥarbī) war correspondent; ‫مراسل خاص‬
(kāṣṣ) 338 special correspondent; ‫مراسل‬
‫( رياضي‬riyāḍī) sports reporter
‫ مرسل‬mursil sender (of a letter); consignor;
O transmitter (radio)
O ‫ مرسلة‬mursala pl. -āt transmitter (radio)
‫ مرسل‬mursal sent, forwarded; dispatched;
delegated; transmitted (radio); long and
flowing (hair); (pl. -ūn) millionary
(Chr.); incompletely transmitted (of a
Prophetic tradition resting on a chain of
authorities that goes no further back
than the 2nd generation after the
Prophet) │‫ المرسل اليه‬recipient,
addressee (of a letter); consignee; ‫كالم‬
‫( مرسل‬kalām) prose
‫ مرسلية‬mursalīya mission
‫ مسترسل‬mustarsil loose, flowing (hair);
friendly, affable; intimate, chummy;
devoted, given up (‫ في‬or ‫ مع‬to s.th.)
‫ رسم‬rasama u (rasm) to draw, trace (‫ ھـ‬s.th.);
to sketch (‫ ھـ‬s.th.); to describe (‫ ھـ‬e.g., a
circle); to paint (‫ ھـ‬s.th.); to record, put
down in writing (‫ ھـ‬s.th.); to enter, mark,
indicate (‫ ھـ‬s.th.); to sketch, outline (‫ھـ‬
s.th.; fig.); to describe, depict, portray,
picture (‫ ھـ‬s.th.); to make, work out,
conceive (‫ خطة‬kiṭṭatan a plan); to
prescribe (‫ ب‬or ‫ ل ھـ‬to s.o. s.th.), lay down
as a rule (‫ ب‬or ‫ ل ھـ‬for s.o. s.th.); to ordain
(‫ ه‬a priest; Chr.) │‫ رسم شارة الصليب‬to make
the sign of the cross, cross o.s. (Chr.) II to
enter, mark, indicate (‫ ھـ‬s.th., ‫ في‬in); to
appoint to a public office (‫ ھـ‬s.o.; tun.) V
to follow (‫ ھـ‬s.th., esp. s.o.’s footsteps, an
example, etc.); to be appointed to a public
office (tun.) VIII to come out, find visible
expression; to be traced, engraved,
inscribed, written; to impress itself, leave
an impression (‫ على‬on); to be ordained, be
introduced into the office of the ministry
(priest; Chr.); to make the sign of the
cross (Chr.)
‫ رسم‬rasm drawing (e.g., as a subject in
school); -- (pl. ‫ رسوم‬rusūm, ‫رسومات‬
rusūmāt) a drawing; sketch; graph;
picture; photograph; illustration; pattern
(e.g., on a fabric); -- (pl. ‫ )رسوم‬trace,
impression) designation, mark;
inscription, legend; record, notes;
(official) document, (legal) instrument;
writing; design; prescription, regulation;
ceremony, form, formality; rate, fee, tax,
due │‫ برسم‬bi-rasmi intended for, care of
(c/o), for; ‫ اخذ الرسم‬akd ar-r. taking of a
picture; ‫( رسم بياني‬bayānī) illustrative
figure, diagram (in a book); ‫رسم الدخول‬
admission fee; ‫( رسم دخولي‬dukūlī) import
duty, tariff; ‫( رسم شمسي‬šamsī) photograph;
‫ رسم عمومي‬layout, ground plan (arch.); ‫رسم‬
‫ تفصيلي‬detail drawing; ‫( رسم قلبي‬qalbī)
cardiogram; ‫( رسوم قيدية‬qaidīya)
registration fees; ‫ رسم اإلنتاج‬r. al-intāj
excise tax; ‫( رسم قيمي‬qaimī) ad valorem
duty; ‫( رسم ھزلي‬hazalī) caricature, cartoon
‫ رسمي‬official, formal, conventional;
ceremonial; official, officeholder, public
servant; ‫ رسميا‬ramīyan officially; ‫رسميات‬
rasmīyāt formalities; ceremonies,
ceremonial, ritual; rules, regulations │
‫ رجال رسمية‬officials; ‫ مالبس رسمية‬official
dress; court dress; ‫ ثياب رسمية‬uniforms; ‫شبه‬
‫ رسمية‬šibh r. and ‫ شبيه بالرسمي‬semi-official;
‫ نصف رسمي‬niṣfu r. do.; ‫ غير رسمي‬gairu r.
unofficial
‫ رسام‬rassām pl. -āt draftsman; painter,
artist
‫ رسامة‬risāma, rasāma ordination,
consecration (of a priest; Chr.)
‫ روسم‬rausam pl. ‫ رواسم‬rawāsim2 O
cliché (Syr.)
‫ مرسم‬marsam studio (of an artist)
‫ مراسم‬marāsim2 ceremonies,
ceremonial, ritual; etiquette, protocol
(dipl.); customs; principles; regulations │
‫ مدير ادارة المراسم‬mudīr idārat al-m. and
٣٣٩ ‫ رئيس المراسم‬chief of protocol (dipl.);
‫ مراسم التتويج‬coronation ceremonies; ‫مراسم‬
‫ التشريفات‬court etiquette
‫ ترسم‬tarassum design, planning
‫ ارتسام‬irtisām pl. -āt (visible)
expression, manifestation (e.g., of a
feeling, of an emotion on s.o.’s face)
 ‫ مرسوم‬marsūm drawn, traced, sketched;
painted; recorded in writing, written;
designed, planned; decreed, ordered; --
(pl. ‫ مراسيم‬marāsīm2) decree; act, edict;
regulation, ordinance (‫ ب‬regarding); ‫مراسيم‬
ceremonies, ceremonial, ritual; etiquette;
regulations │‫( مرسوم بقانون‬bi-qānūn)
enactment, statute, ordinance (Eg.); ‫مرسوم‬
‫( تشريعي‬tašrī‘ī) and ‫( مرسوم اشتراعي‬ištirā‘ī;
Pal., Syr.) do.; ‫ مدير المراسيم‬mudīr al-m.
chief of protocol (dipl.)
□ ‫ رسمال‬rasmāl pl. ‫ رساميل‬rasāmīl2 = ‫رأس مال‬
capital (fin.)
‫ رشح‬rašaḥa a (rašḥ) to sweat, perspire; to leak,
‫ رسن‬rasana pl. ‫ ارسن‬arson, ‫ ارسان‬arsān, ‫ارسنة‬
arnsina halter
‫ )رسا )رسو‬rasā u (rasw) to be firm, stable,
steady; to anchor (‫ على‬off a coast), cast
anchor, land, dock; to ride at anchor (‫على‬
off a coast, ‫ في‬in a harbor); to disembark,
land (‫ ب‬s.o.; ship); to come or go
eventually (‫ على‬to), land (‫ على‬with) │‫رسا‬
‫( عليه المزاد‬mazād) it was knocked down to
him (at an auction); ‫رست عليه المناقصة‬
(munāqaṣa) the commission or contract
went to him (after an invitation to submit
tenders) IV to make fast, fix firmly (‫ھـ‬
s.th.); to anchor, place at anchor (‫ ھـ‬a ship)
‫ مرسى‬marsan pl. ‫ مراس‬marāsin
anchorage │‫ مرسى مطروح‬Mersa Matrûh
(village in NW Egypt, on Mediterranean
coast)
‫ مرساة‬mirsāh pl. ‫ مراس‬marāsin anchor
‫ راس‬rāsin pl. ‫ رواس‬rawāsin fixed,
stationary, immovable, firm, steady,
stable, firmly established; anchored, at
anchor; pl. ‫ راسيات‬rāsiyāt, ‫ رواس‬rawāsin
towering, unshakable mountains
‫ رسى )= رسا‬see above) to anchor
‫ رش‬rašša u (rašš) to spatter, splash, spurt (‫ ھـ‬a
liquid); to spray (‫ ھـ‬a liquid); to sprinkle (
‫ ھـ‬s.th., ‫ ب‬with, ‫ على‬on); to splatter,
spatter, bespatter (‫ ھـ‬s.th., ‫ ب‬with water,
etc.); to water (‫ ھـ‬s.th.)
‫ رش‬rašš sprinkling; watering;
splattering, spattering; spraying; buckshot
│‫ مصلحة الرش والكنس‬maṣlaḥat ar-r. wa-l-
kans street-cleaning department; ‫عربة الرش‬
‘arabat ar-r. watering cart, sprinkler; ‫رمى‬
‫ رشا‬to fire in bursts (mil.)
‫ رشة‬rašša light drizzle
‫ رشاش‬raššāš spattered liquid; drizzle,
dribble (esp. fig.)
‫ رشاش‬raššāš pl. -āt water hose;
machine gun │‫( مدفع رشاش‬midfa‘) machine
gun; ‫( مسدس رشاش‬musaddas) pl. ‫مسدسات‬
‫ رشاشة‬submachine gun, Tommy gun
‫ رشاشة‬raššāša pl. -āt perfume spray,
atomizer; O watering can; shower, douche
(Mor.)
O ‫ مرشة‬mirašša watering can
be leaky (vessel); to filter, strain, percolate
(‫ ھـ‬a liquid) II to raise, rear, bring up (‫ ه‬a
child); to train, prepare (‫ ه‬s.o.); to
nominate, put up as a candidate (. s.o., ‫ل‬
for, e.g., for an office), (with ‫ نفسه‬nafsahū)
to be a candidate, apply (‫ ل‬for an offioe.
etc.); to filter (‫ ھـ‬s.th.) V to be reared, be
brought up; to be suited, qualified, trained
(‫ ل‬for s.th.); to be nominated as a
candidate, be a nominee (‫ ل‬for s.th.); to
catch a cold
‫ رشح‬rašḥ secretion (of a fluid);
perspiration, sweating; leaking, leakiness;
filtering, filtration, percolation; oozing,
trickling; cold, catarrh 340
‫ رشاحة‬rušāḥa transudate, transudation
(med.)
‫ ترشيح‬taršīḥ training, preparation;
nomination (as a candidate, for election);
(= ‫ )ترشيح نفسه‬candidacy, candidature;
election; concession
‫ ترشح‬taraššuḥ infiltration (med.)
‫ ارتشاح‬irtišāḥ infiltration (med.)
‫ مرشح‬muraššiḥ pl. -āt filter; percolator;
filtering installation; purification plant
‫ مرشح‬muraššaḥ pl. -ūn candidate,
nominee; having a cold
‫ مترشح‬mutaraššiḥ pl. -ūn candidate,
nominee
‫ رشد‬rašada u (rušd) to be on the right way,
follow the right course, be well guided,
not go astray (esp., in religious matters);
to have the true faith, be a true believer; to
become sensible, become mature, grow
up; to come of age II to lead the right way,
guide well (‫ ه‬s.o.) IV to lead the right
way, guide well (‫ ه‬s.o.); to load, guide,
direct (‫ • الى‬s.o. to s.th.), show (‫ ه‬s.o.) the
way (‫ الى‬to; fig.); to lead s.o. (‫ )ه‬to the
discovery that (‫)الى ان‬, suggest to s.o. the
idea of, make s.o. realize that; to calls.o.’s
(‫ )ه‬attention (‫ الى‬to s.th.), point out (‫ الى ه‬to
s.o. s.th.); to teach (‫ الى ه‬s.o. to do s.th.),
instruct, (direct, guide (‫ الى ه‬s.o. in); to
inform (‫ الى ه‬s.o. about), acquaint s.o. (‫)ه‬
with the facts of (‫ ;)الى‬to advise, counsel (
‫ الى ه‬s.o. to do s.th.); to inform (‫ الى‬against
s.o.); to come of age X to ask (‫ ه‬or ‫ ب‬s.o.)
to show the right way, ask s.o. for
guidance or directions; to ask (‫ ه‬s.o.) for
instructions or information; to consult (‫ه‬
s.o.), ask s.o.’s (‫ )ه‬advice, seek guidance (‫ه‬
from s.o.); to be guided (‫ ب‬by)
‫ رشد‬rušd integrity of (one’s) actions,
proper, sensible conduct; reason, good
sense, senses; consciousness; maturity (of
the mind) │‫ سن الرشد‬sinn ar-r. majority,
full legal age; ‫( بلغ رشده‬rušdahū) to come
of age; ‫ ثاب الى رشده‬to come to one’s
senses, calm, down, sober up; ‫ ضاع رشده‬to
go out of one’s mind; ‫ ذھب برشده‬to drive
s.o. mad (pain)
‫ رشد‬rašad integrity of conduct,
straightforwardness, forthrightness
‫ رشاد‬rašād integrity of conduct; reason,
good sense, senses; maturity; garden
peppergrass (Lepidium sativum L.; bot.)
‫ رشيد‬rašīd rightly guided, following the
right way; having the true faith;
reasonable, rational, intelligent,
discriminating, discerning; mature; (pl.
‫ رشداء‬rušadā’) of full legal age, major;
Rosetta (city in N Egypt)
‫ مراشيد‬marāšid2 where the right way
leads to; salvation
‫ ترشيد‬taršīd a declaring (s.o.) of age
(jur.)
‫ ارشاد‬iršād guidance; a conducting,
showing the way (‫ الى‬to); guiding hand;
care; spiritual guidance; instruction;
direction; directive; information; advising,
advice; pl. ‫ )ارشادات‬directives, directions,
instructions, advice │‫ بإرشاده‬on his
instructions, following his direction; ‫وزارة‬
‫ اإلرشاد القومي‬wizārat al-i. al-qaumī
Ministry of National Guidance (Eg.)
‫ شعر ارشادي‬ši‘r iršādī didactic poetry
‫ راشد‬rāšid following the right way,
rightly guided, having the true faith;
sensible, reasonable; of full legal age,
major │‫( الخلفاء الراشدون‬kulafā’) the
orthodox caliphs (i.e., Abū Bakr, ‘Umar,
‘Utmān, ‘Alī)
‫ مرشد‬muršid pl. -ūn leader; guide to the
right way; adviser; spiritual guide;
informer; instructor; (ship) pilot; tourist
guide; Grand Master, Master (e.g., of the
Moslem Brotherhood)
‫ مرشدة‬muršida woman guide 341
‫ رشرش‬rušruš pl. ‫ رشرش‬rašārīš2 belt
‫ رشراش‬rašrāš tender (e.g., meat)
‫ رشف‬rašafa i u (rašf) and rašifa a (raša), V
and VIII to suck, sip (‫ ھـ‬s.th.); to drink (‫ھـ‬
s.th.); to drink up, drain (‫ ھـ‬a vessel)
‫ رشفة‬rašfa (n. un.) pl. -āt gulp, sip (of a drink)
‫ رشق‬rašaqa u (rašq) to throw (‫ ه ب‬at s.o.
s.th.), pelt, strike, hurt (‫ ه ب‬s.o. with s.th.); to
insert, fasten. fix (‫ في ھـ‬s.th. in); -- rašuqa
u (‫ رشاقة‬rašāqa) to he shapely, of graceful
stature; to he elegant, graceful, lissome VI
to pelt one another, hurt one another
‫ رشيق‬rašīq elegant, graceful (exterior,
style); svelte, slender, slim; lissome
‫ رشاقة‬rašāqa elegance, grace,
gracefulness; shapeliness graceful, slender
build; nimbleness, agility
‫ رشم‬rašama u (rašm) to mark, designate
(‫ ھـ‬s.th.); to make the sign of the cross; to
seal (‫ ھـ‬s.th.) │‫ رشم بصليب على‬to make the
sign of the cross over; ‫ رشم الصليب‬to make
the sign of the cross (Chr.)
‫ رشمة‬rašm pl. ‫ رشوم‬rušūm, ‫رشومات‬
rušūmāt sign of the cross (Chr.);
anointment (Copt.-Chr.)
‫ رشمة‬rašma ornamental halter
decorated with silver pendants, or the like;
camel halter
‫ راشن‬rāšin tip, baksheesh
‫ )رشا )رشو‬rašā u (rašw) to bribe (‫ ه‬s.o.) VIII to
accept as bribe, he corrupt, he venal
‫ رشو‬rašw bribery, corruption
‫ رشوة‬rišwa, rušwa, rašwa pl. ‫ رشى‬،‫ رشا‬rišan,
rušan, (eg.) ‫ رشاوى‬rašāwā bribe; bribery,
corruption, dishonesty
‫ رشاء‬rišā’ rope, well rope
‫ ارتشاء‬irtišā’ venality, corruptibility;
bribery, corruption
‫ رص‬raṣṣa u (rašṣ) to fit tightly together,
press together, compress (‫ ھـ‬s.th.); to ram,
force ( ‫ھـ‬s.th. into the ground); to pile up,
stack up (‫ ھـ‬s.th.); to join together, line up,
align, arrange .ide by side (‫ ھـ‬s.th.) II to fit
tightly together, press together, compress (
‫ ھـ‬s.th.); to ram home (‫ ھـ‬s.th.); to coat or
cover with lead (‫ ھـ‬s.th.) VI to be pressed
together, be packed together; to press
together, crowd together; to be or become
compact
‫ رصاص‬raṣāṣ lead; bullets │ ‫قلم رصاص‬qalam r.
pencil
‫ رصاصة‬raṣāṣa (n. un.) pellet; bullet
‫ رصاصي‬raṣāṣī lead, (made) of lead;
leady; leaden, lead-colored, dull gray
‫ رصيص‬raṣīṣ compressed, closely
packed, jammed together; compact
‫ رصع‬II to inlay, set, stud (‫ ھـ‬s.th., ‫ ب‬with gems
O ‫ تراص‬tarāṣṣ agglutination
‫ رصد‬raṣada u (raṣd) to keep one’s eyes (‫ ه‬،‫ھـ‬
on); to lie in wait (‫ ه‬for); to observe (‫ھـ‬
s.th.). watch (‫ ھـ‬s.th. or over s.th.), control
(‫ ھـ‬s.th.); to conjure (‫ ه‬demon) │ ‫رصد‬
‫ األفالك‬to observe the stars, practice
astronomy II to provide, set aside,
earmark (‫ ھـ‬funds); to prepare, keep ready
(‫ ھـ‬s.th.); to balance (‫ الحساب‬the account;
com.) IV to keep ready (‫ ھـ‬s.th.); to
provide, set aside, earmark (‫ ھـ ل‬s.th., esp.
funds, for); to procure, get (‫ ھـ‬s.th.) V
‫ ترصد األفالك‬to observe the stars, practice
astronomy
‫ رصد‬raṣd, raṣad pl. ‫ ارصاد‬arṣād
observation │ ‫ رصد األفالك‬r. al-aflāk
stargazing, astronomy; ‫ارصاد جوية‬
(jawwīya) meteorological observation;
‫ تقرير األرصاد‬weather report
‫ رصدخانة‬raṣdakāna observatory
‫ رصد‬raṣad pl. ‫ ارصاد‬arṣād spy, watcher,
watchdog; lookout, observation post;
ambush; talisman 342
‫ رصاد‬raṣṣād: ‫ رصاد الجو‬r. al-jaww
meteorologist
‫ رصيد‬raṣīd pl. ‫ ارصدة‬arṣida stock on
hand (of merchandise, of supplies);
avaible funds; balance (com.; also =
remainder of a sum to be paid later);
capital (fin.) │ ‫ شيك يدون رصيد‬uncovered
check, check without sufficient covering
funds
‫ مرصد‬marṣad pl. ‫ مراصد‬marāṣid 2
observatory │ ‫(مرصد جوي‬jawwī)
meteorological station, weather station
O ‫ مرصد‬marṣad telescope
‫ مرصاد‬mirṣād observation post, look-
out; ambush │ ‫ وقف المرصاد‬to lie in wait;
‫ كان منه بالمرصاد‬and ‫ وقف له بالمرصاد‬to lie in
ambush for s.o., waylay s.o.
‫ راصد‬rāṣid registering; (pl. ‫رصاد‬
ruṣṣād) watcher, watchdog, spy │O ‫خزينة‬
‫ راصدة‬cash register; O ‫( ميزان راصد‬mīzān)
self-registering balance
‫ راصدة‬rāṣida: ‫( راصدة فلكية‬falakīya)
telescope
‫ مبلغ مرصود‬mablag marṣūd security,
cover (fin.)
or gold); to adorn, decorate, ornament (‫ھـ‬
‫ ب‬s.th. with)
‫ رصف‬raṣafa u (raṣf) to pave, lay with stone (‫ھـ‬
s.th.); -- raṣufa u (‫ رصافة‬raṣāfa) to be
firmly joined II to lay with flagstones,
pave (‫ ھـ‬s.th.)
‫ رصف‬raṣf paving (of roads)
‫ رصيف‬raṣīf firmly joined, firm, solid,
compact; -- (pl. ‫ ارصفة‬arṣifa) pavement;
sidewalk; quay; wharf, pier; mole, jetty;
platform; (pl. ‫ رصفاء‬ruṣafā’) colleague │
‫ رصيف المحطة‬r. al-maḥaṭṭa (railway)
platform; ‫( رصيف ألعمال الحفر في البحر‬li-
a‘māli l-ḥafr fī l-baḥr) offshore drilling
platform (for oil drilling); ‫عوائد الرصيف‬
‘awā’id ar-r. quayage, pierage, wharfage
‫ رصيفة‬raṣīfa pl. -āt woman colleague │
‫( رصيفتنا الغراء‬garrā’) a phrase of courtesy
used by one newspaper when referring to
another; approx.: our honorable friends
‫ رصافة‬raṣāfa firmness compactness
 ‫ مرصوف‬marṣūf paved (‫ ب‬with)
‫ رصن‬raṣuna u (‫ رصانة‬raṣāna) to be firm,
strong; to be sedate, calm, composed
‫ رضي‬raḍiya a (‫ رضى‬riḍan, ‫ رضوان‬riḍwān,
‫ رصين‬raṣīn firm, unshakable; sedate,
calm, composed
‫ رصانة‬raṣāna sedateness, composure,
calmness, equanimity
‫ رض‬raḍḍa u (raḍḍ) to crush (‫ ھـ‬s.th.); to bruise
(‫ ھـ‬a part of the body)
‫ رض‬raḍḍ pl. ‫ رضوض‬ruḍūḍ bruise,
contusion
‫ رضيض‬raḍīḍ crushed; bruised
‫ رضاب‬ruḍāb spittle, saliva
‫ رضخ‬raḍaka a i (raḍk) to break, smash, shatter
(‫ ھـ‬s.th.); to crack (‫ ھـ‬a kernel); -- raḍaka a
(raḍk) to give (‫ ھـ‬s.o.) a small, paltry
present; -- (ruḍūk) to yield, bow, give in,
subordinate o.s., submit (‫ ل‬to s.o., to s.th.)
VIII ‫( ارتضخ لكنة‬luknatan) to speak Arabic
with a foreign accent
‫ رضخ‬raḍk, ‫ رضخة‬raḍka a small, paltry
gift
‫ رضيحة‬raḍīka a small, paltry gift; tip,
baksheesh
‫ رضوخ‬ruḍūk submission, surrender;
yielding, compliance; sympathetic
understanding (‫ ل‬of)
‫ مرضاح‬mirḍāk nutcracker
‫ رضرض‬raḍraḍa to break into coarse pieces,
pound, crush (‫ ھـ‬s.th.)
‫ رضراض‬raḍrāḍ pebbles, gravel 343
‫ رضع‬raḍi‘a a and raḍa‘a i a (raḍ‘, ‫رضاع‬
raḍā‘) to suck (‫ ثدي أمه‬tadya ummihī at its
mother’s breast) II and IV to nurse at the
breast, suckle, breast-feed (‫ ه‬a baby)
‫ رضيع‬raḍī‘ pl: ‫ رضعاء‬ruḍa‘ā‘2, ‫رضائع‬
raḍā’i‘2 suckling, infant, baby; foster
brother
O ‫ رضاعة‬raḍā‘a pl. -āt nursing bottle
‫ رضاع‬riḍā‘ foster relationship
‫ راضع‬rāḍi‘ pl. ‫ رضع‬ruḍḍa‘ sucking;
suckling, infant, baby; infant (adj.)
‫ مرضع‬murḍi‘ and ‫ مرضعة‬murḍi‘a pl.
‫ مراضع‬marāḍi‘2 wet nurse; foster mother
‫ رضه‬abbreviation of ‫ رضي ﷲ عنه‬see ‫رضى‬
‫ رضا‬see ‫ رضى‬riḍan
‫ مرضاة‬marḍāh) to be satisfied, be content (
‫ ب‬،‫ ھـ‬or ‫ في‬with); to consent, agree (‫ ب‬،‫ھـ‬
or ‫ في‬to); to approve (‫ ب‬،‫ ھـ‬or ‫ في‬of),
accept, sanction (‫ ب‬،‫ ھـ‬or ‫ في‬s.th.); to
accept the fact, resign o.s. to the fact (‫ان‬
that); to be pleased (‫ على‬،‫ ھـ‬or ‫ عن‬with); to
wish, desire (‫ ھـ‬s.th., ‫ ل‬for s.o.) │‫رضي لنفسه‬
‫( ب‬li-nafsihī) to permit o.s. s.th.; ‫ما رضي لھا‬
‫( المذلة‬madalla) he had no desire to
humiliate her; ‫( رضي او ابى‬au abā) whether
he likes it or not; ‫( رضي ﷲ عته‬Isl. eulogy)
may God be pleased with him; ‫رضي من‬
‫( الغنيمة باإلياب‬iyāb) to be content to return
without booty, be happy to have saved
one’s skin n to satisfy, gratify, please (‫ه‬
s.o.); to compensate (‫ ه‬s.o.) III to seek to
satisfy, try to please (‫ ه‬s.o.); to propitiate,
conciliate, win (‫ ه‬s.o.), gain the good will
of (‫ )ه‬IV to satisfy, gratify, please (‫ ه‬s.o.)
V to seek to satisfy, try to please (‫ ه‬s.o.);
to seek to propitiate (‫ ه‬s.o.); to conciliate.
appease (‫ ه‬s.o.) VI to come to terms VIII
to be satisfied, content, pleased (‫ ھـ‬with);
to consent, agree (‫ ھـ‬to s.th.); to approve (
‫ ھـ‬of s.th.), sanction (‫ ھـ‬s.th.) X to seek to
satisfy, try to conciliate, treat in a
conciliatory manner (‫ ه‬s.o.); to conciliate,
appease (‫ ه‬s.o.); to show o.s. obliging,
make o.s. popular, ingratiate o.s., try to
gain good will or favor
‫ رضا‬،‫ رضى‬riḍan contentment,
contentedness, satisfaction; agreement,
consent, assent, acceptance, approval;
pleasure, delight; good will, favor │‫عن‬
‫ رضى‬readily, gladly; ‫ سريع الرضى‬easy to
please, easily reconciled
‫ رضي‬raḍīy pl. ‫ ارضياء‬arḍiyā’2 satisfied,
content; pleasant, agreeable │‫بنفس راضية‬
(bi-nafs) gladly
‫ رضوان‬riḍwān consent, assent,
agreement, acceptance, approval,
sanction; good will, favor; pleasure,
delight
‫ مرضاة‬marḍāh a means affording
satisfaction or gratification; satisfaction,
pleasure
 ‫ ترضية‬tarḍiya satisfaction, gratification;
compensation
‫ رضاء‬riḍā’ contentment, contentedness,
satisfaction; agreement, consent, assent,
acceptance, approval, sanction;
propitiation, conciliation
‫ بالمراضاة‬bi-l-murāḍāh by fair means,
amicably
‫ إرضاء‬irḍā’ satisfaction, gratification;
fulfillment (of a claim, of a desire) │‫صعب‬
‫ االرضاء‬ṣa‘b al-i. hard to please, fastidious
‫ تراض‬tarāḍin mutual consent
‫ استرضاء‬istirḍā’ conciliatory attitude,
conciliatoriness; propitiation, conciliation
‫ استرضائي‬istirḍā’ī conciliatory
‫ راض‬rāḍin pl. ‫ رضاة‬ruḍāh satisfied,
content; agreeing, consenting; willing,
ready; pleasant, agreeable (life)
‫ مرض‬murḍin satisfactory; satisfying;
pleasant, pleasing, gratifying, sufficient
344
‫ رطب‬raṭiba a and raṭuba u (‫ رطوبة‬ruṭūba, ‫رطابة‬
raṭāba) to be moist, damp, humid; to be
wet II to moisten (‫ ھـ‬s.th.); to cool,
refresh; to soothe, soften, calm (‫ القلب‬al-
qalba the heart); to become succulent,
mellow, ripen (dates) IV to moisten (‫ھـ‬
s.th.); to become succulent, mellow, ripen
(dates) V to be moistened; to be cooled,
be refreshed; to be soothed, be softened,
be calmed
‫ رطب‬raṭb moist, damp, humid; wet;
fresh, cool; juicy, succulent, tender (plant)
‫ رطب‬ruṭab (coll.; n. un. ‫ )ة‬pl. ‫ارطاب‬
arṭāb, ‫ رطاب‬riṭāb fresh, ripe dates
‫ رطيب‬raṭīb pl. ‫ رطاب‬riṭāb moist, damp,
humid; fresh, cool; juicy, succulent, tender
(plant)
‫ رطوبة‬rṭūba moisture, dampness,
humidity; wetness
‫ راطب‬rāṭib moist, damp, humid; wet
‫ مرطبات‬muraṭṭibat refreshments, soft
drinks
‫ رطل‬raṭl pl. ‫ ارطال‬arṭāl rotl, a weight (in Eg. =
449.28 g; in Syr. = 3.202 kg, in Beirut and
Aleppo = 2.566 kg)
‫ رطم‬raṭama u (raṭm) to involve, implicate,
drag (‫ ه في‬s.o. into s.th. unpleasant) VIII to
tumble, fall, plunge (‫ في‬into); to stick fast,
be stuck; to be involved, be entangled (‫في‬
in s.th.); to run aground, strand (ship); to
bump, hit, crash (‫ ب‬against)
O ‫ مرطم‬marṭam breakwater, mole, jetty
‫ رطن‬raṭana u (‫ رطانة‬raṭāna, riṭāna) to speak
unintelligible language, talk gibberish,
jabber
‫ رطانة‬raṭāna, riṭāna lingo, gibberish
‫ رطينى‬rujainā lingo, gibberish
‫ رعاع‬ra‘ā‘ rabble, mob, riffraff, scum, ragtag;
rowdies, hooligans
‫ رعب‬ra‘aba a (ru‘b) to be alarmed, terrified;
to be afraid, be scared II and IV to
frighten, scare, terrify (‫ ه‬s.o.) VIII to
become frightened, become alarmed, be
afraid
‫ رعب‬ru‘b fright, alarm, dismay
‫ ارعاب‬ir‘āb frightening, intimidation
‫ راعب‬rā‘ib dreadful, horrifying, terrible
‫ مرعوب‬mar‘ūb frightened, terrified,
appalled, afraid
‫ مرعب‬mur‘ib frightening, terrifying,
terrible, horrible, dreadful
‫ رعد‬ra‘ada a u (ra‘d) to thunder; to appall (‫ل‬
‫ ب‬s.o. with) IV to make (‫ ه‬s.o.) tremble;
pass. ur‘ida to shudder, shiver, tremble (
‫ من‬with, e.g., with fear) VIII to tremble
‫ رعد‬ra‘d pl. ‫ رعود‬ru‘ūd thunder
‫ رعدة‬ra‘da, ri‘da tremor; shudder;
shiver
‫ رعاد‬ra‘‘ād (coll.; n. un. ‫ )ة‬electric ray
(zool.)
‫ رعديد‬ri‘dīd pl. ‫ رعاديد‬ra‘ādīd2
cowardly; coward
‫ رعرع‬ra‘ra‘a to come into the prime of life
(youth) II tara‘ra‘a to grow, develop,
flourish, thrive
‫ رعرع‬ra‘ra‘, ru‘rū‘ pl. ‫ رعارع‬ra‘āri‘2 in
full bloom
‫ رعراع ايوب‬ra‘rā‘ ayyūb (eg.) a variety
of fleabane (Pulicaria arabica Coss.,
Pulicarla inuloides D.C.; bot.)
‫ رعش‬ra‘aša a (ra‘š) and ra’iša a (ra’aš) to
tremble, shake IV to make (‫ ه‬s.o.) tremble;
to make (‫ ه‬s.o.) shiver VIII = ra’aša
‫ رعشة‬ri‘ša tremor │‫ رعشة الحمى‬r. al-
ḥummā feverish shiver
‫ ارتعاش‬irti‘āš tremor, trembling
‫ رعص‬V and VIII to writhe, wind, coil 345
‫ رعف‬ra‘afa u a and ra‘ifa a: ‫( رعف انفه‬anfahū)
to have a nosebleed
‫ رعاف‬ru‘āf and ‫ رعيف‬ra‘īf nosebleed
‫ راعف‬rā‘if tip of the nose
‫ رعلة‬ru‘la wreath
‫ رعيل‬ra‘īl pl. ‫ رعال‬ri‘āl squadron of
armored, motorized, or cavalry troops
(Syr., Ir.; mil.)
‫ رعام‬ru‘ām gladers
‫ رعمسيس‬ra‘amsīs Ramses (name of Eg. kings)
‫ رعن‬ra‘ana u (‫ رعونة‬ru‘ūna) to be lightheaded,
frivolous; -- ra‘ana u (ra‘n): ‫رعنته الشمس‬
ra‘anathu š-šamsu to have a sunstroke
‫ رعن‬ra‘n sunstroke; -- (pl. ‫ رعان‬ri‘ān)
mountain peak
‫ ارعن‬ar‘an2 lightheaded, frivolous,
flippant, rash, heedless, careless; stupid,
silly; thoughtless; unsteady, fickle,
volatile
‫ رعونة‬ru‘ūna pl. -āt levity, frivolity,
flippancy; thoughtlessness
‫ )رعا )رعو‬ra‘ā u (ra‘w, ‫ رعوة‬ra‘wa, ru‘wa,
‫ رعوى‬ra‘wā, ru‘wā) and IX ‫ ارعوى‬ir‘awā
to desist (‫ من‬or ‫ عن‬from sin, from error),
repent, see the light │‫ارعوى عن غيه‬
(gayyihī) to repent, turn over a new leaf
‫ رعوى‬ra‘wā, ru‘wā repentance,
amendment, conversion
‫ رعوى‬ra‘awī and ‫ رعوية‬see ‫رعى‬
‫ رعى‬ra‘ā a (ra‘y, ‫ رعاية‬ri‘āya, ‫مرعى‬
mar‘an) to graze; to tend (‫ ھـ‬a flock of
animals); -- (ra‘y, ‫ رعاية‬ri‘āya) to guard,
protect, take under one’s wing (‫ ه‬s.o.); to
care (‫ ه‬،‫ ھـ‬for), take care (‫ ه‬،‫ ھـ‬of); to watch
(‫ ھـ‬over); to male a point (‫ ھـ‬of s.th.), make
it one’s business; to observe, bear in mind,
heed, respect (‫ ھـ‬s.th.); to adhere (‫ ھـ‬to),
comply (‫ ھـ‬with), abide (e.g., ‫‘ عھدا‬ahdan
or ‫ معاھدة‬mu‘āhadatan by a treaty or an
agreement, etc.); to take into consideration
(‫ ھـ‬s.th.), allow (‫ ھـ‬for s.th.) in to
supervise, watch, control (‫ ھـ‬s.th.), keep an
eye (‫ ھـ‬on); to maintain, keep up, preserve
(‫ ھـ‬s.th.); to observe, bear in mind, heed,
respect (‫ ھـ‬s.th.), comply (‫ ھـ‬with, e.g.,
with regulations); to take into
consideration, take into account (‫ ھـ‬s.th.),
allow, make allowance (‫ ھـ‬for s.th.); to
show deference, regard or respect (‫ ه‬for
s.o.); to make provision, see to it (‫ ان‬that)
│‫( راعى خاطره‬kāṭirahū) to defer to s.o.,
respect s.o.’s feelings or wishes IV ‫ارعيته‬
‫ سمعى‬ar‘aituhū sam‘ī I listened to him;
‫ ارعنى سمعك‬ar‘inī sam‘aka listen to me!
‫( ارعى ھـ نظره‬naẓarahū) to follow s.th.
attentively with one’s eyes VIII to graze,
pasture (cattle) X to attract (‫ نظره‬naẓarahū
s.o.’s eyes, ‫ انتباھه‬intibāhahū s.o.’s
attention); to observe (‫ ھـ‬s.th.)
‫ رعى‬ra‘y care, keeping, custody,
guardianship; protection; observance (‫ل‬
of), adherence (‫ ل‬to, e.g., to agreements)
│ ‫ رعيا لك‬God be with you!
‫ رعية‬ra‘īya pl. ‫ رعايا‬ra‘āyā herd, flock;
parish (Chr.); subjects, citizens; a subject,
a citizen
‫ رعوي‬ra‘awī, ‫ رعاوى‬ra‘āwī and ‫رعائى‬
ra‘ā’ī pastoral, bucolic │ ‫كنيسة رعائية‬
parish church (Chr.); ‫ رسالة رعائية‬pastoral
letter (Chr.)
‫ مرعى‬mar‘ā pl. ‫ مراع‬marā‘in grassland,
grazing land; pasture
‫ رعاية‬ri‘āya keeping, custody, charge,
care; attention, consideration, regard;
patronage, auspices, sponsorship,
protectorate │‫ تحت رعاية‬under the auspices
of, sponsored by; ‫ مركز رعاية الطفل‬markaz
r. al-ṭifl health center for children (Eg.);
‫ شرط معاملة الدول األكثر رعاية‬šarṭ mu‘āmalat
ad-duwal al-aktar ri‘āyatan most-favored
nation clause 346
‫ مراعاة‬murā‘āh consideration, regard,
deference, respect; compliance (with),
observance (e.g., of regulations, of duties,
etc.) │ ‫( مراعاة ل‬murā‘atan) in deference
to, out of regard for, for the lab of; in
observance of; ‫ مراعاة لخواطرھم‬out of
deference to them, out of regard for their
 feelings, wishes, etc.; ‫ مع مراعاة ھذا‬taking
this into account, bearing this in mind
‫ راع‬rā‘in pl. ‫ رعاة‬ru‘āh, ‫ رعيان‬ru‘yān,
‫ رعاء‬ru‘ā’, ri‘ā’ shepherd, herdsman;
guardian, keeper, protector; patron,
sponsor; pastor (Chr.)
‫ مرعى‬mar‘ā observed, complied with
‫ رغب‬ragiba a (‫ رغبة‬ragba, ‫ رغب‬ragab) to
desire, wish, want, crave, covet (‫ في‬s.th.);
to ask (‫ من‬or ‫ الى‬s.o., ‫ في‬for s.th., ‫ ان‬to do
s.th.), request (‫ في‬s.th.; ‫ من‬or ‫ الى‬s.o., ‫ ان‬to
do s.th.); to prefer (‫ في على‬s.th. to, also ‫ب‬
‫ عن‬s.th. to), like s.th. (‫في‬, also ‫ )ب‬better
than (‫على‬, also ‫ ;)عن‬to dislike, detest,
loathe (‫ عن‬s.th.), have a distaste (‫ عن‬for);
to wish (‫ ل ب‬s.o. s.th.) │‫ال يرغب فيه‬
(yurgabu) undesirable II to make (‫ ه‬s.o.)
desirous (‫ في‬of), awaken a desire, a wish (‫ه‬
‫ في‬in s.o. for); to interest (‫ ه في‬s.o. in s.th.),
excite s.o.’s (‫ )ه‬interest in (‫ ;)في‬to awaken
an aversion (‫ ه عن‬in s.o. to s.th.) IV = II
‫ رغب‬ragab: ‫ رغبا ورھبا‬ragaban wa-
rahaban torn between greed and fear
‫ رغبة‬ragba pl. ragabāt wish, desire,
longing, appetite (‫ في‬for)
‫ رغيبة‬ragība pl. ‫ رغائب‬ragā’ib2 object of
desire, desideratum; wish, desire
‫ ترغيب‬targīb awakening of a desire or
longing (‫ في‬for); incitement to
covetousness; invitation, attraction
‫ راغب‬rāgib pl. ‫ رغبة‬desiring, desirous │
‫ آلخر راغب‬li-ākiri rāgibin (sale) to the
highest bidder
‫ مرغوب‬margūb: ‫ مرغوب فيه‬coveted,
sought after, in demand; desired,
desirable; ‫ غير مرغوب فيه‬undesirable; ‫شخص‬
‫( مرغوب فيه‬šakṣ) persona grata, ‫شخص غير‬
‫ مرغوب فيه‬persona non grate (dipl.); ‫مرغوب‬
‫ عنه‬undesirable, unwanted, objectionable,
loathsome
‫ مرغبات‬muraggibāt attractions, lures,
advantages
‫ رغث‬ragaṭa a (rugt) to suck (‫ ھا‬at the mother’s
teats; said of animals)
‫ رغوث‬ragūt unweaned young female
animal
‫ رغد‬raguda u (‫ رغادة‬ragāda) and ragida (rugd)
to be pleasant, comfortable, carefree (life)
‫ رغد‬ragd easy, carefree, pleasant,
agreeable (life) │ ‫‘(عيش رغد‬aiš) a life of
plenty and opulence
‫ رغيد‬ragīd easy, carefree, pleasant,
agreeable (life) │ ‫‘( عيش رغيد‬aiš) a life of
plenty and opulence
‫ رغد‬ragad comfort, opulenoe, affluence
(of living)
‫ رغادة‬ragāda comfort, opulence,
affluence (of living)
1
‫ رغرغ‬ragraga to live in opulence and luxury
2
□ ‫ رغرغ‬ragraga (= ‫ غرغر‬gargara) to gargle
‫ ارغاطة‬urgāṭa pl. –āt, ‫ اراغيط‬arāgīṭ (eg.)
windlass, winch; capstan
‫ رغيف‬ragīf pl. ‫ ارغفة‬argifa, ‫ رغفان‬rugfān, ‫رغف‬
ruguf loaf of bread; roll, bun (syr.)
‫ رغم‬IV to foroe, compel, coerce (‫ ه على‬s.o. to
do s.th.)
‫ رغم‬ragma (prep.) despite, in spite of │‫رغم ان‬
although, though; ‫ رغما عن‬ragman ‘an in
spite of, despite; ‫( رغما عن انفه‬anfihī) and
‫ على الرغم من انفه‬just to spite him, in
defiance of him, against, his will; ‫بالرغم من‬
bi-r-rami min and ‫ بالرغم عن‬and ‫على الرغم‬
‫ من‬despite, in spite of; ‫ بالرغم من كل ھذا‬in
347 spite of all this; ‫ بالرغم منه‬and ‫على الرغم‬
‫ منه‬against s.o.’s will; against one’s own
will, reluctantly, without wanting it; ‫على‬
‫‘ رغم مني‬alā ragmin minnī without my
wanting it; ‫ بالرغم من‬in spite of the fact
that, although; ‫ اال رغما‬... ‫ ال‬lā … illā
ragman only reluctantly, only with great
effort
‫ رغام‬ragām dust and sand
‫ رغام‬rugām mucus
‫ رغامى‬rugāmā windpipe, trachea (anat.)
‫ مرغمة‬margama pl. ‫ مراغم‬marāgim2
compulsion, coercion, force; aversion,
unwillingness, reluctance, dislike, distaste
‫ ارغام‬irgām compulsion (‫ على‬to)
‫ راغم‬rāgim reluctant, unwilling │‫وانفه‬
‫( راغم‬anfuhū) (as a ḥāl clause) reluctantly,
grudgingly
‫ ارغن‬look up alphabetically

‫ )رغا )رغو‬ragā u (ragw) to foam, froth II and
IV do. │‫( ارغى وازبد‬azbada) to fume with
rage
‫ رغو‬ragwa, rugwa pl. ‫ رغاو‬ragāwin
foam, froth, spume; lather; dross, slag
‫ رغوي‬ragwī foamy, frothy
‫ رغاء‬raggā’ windbag (fig., of a person);
garrulous; chatterbox, prattler
‫ رغاوة‬rugāwā foam, froth, spume
‫ ما له ثاغية وال راغية‬:‫( راغ‬tāgiya) he has
absolutely nothing, he is devoid of all
resources, prop.: he has neither a bleating
(sheep) nor a braying (camel)
‫ رف‬raffa i (raff, ‫ رفيف‬rafīf) to gleam, shimmer,
glisten, glitter; -- u i (raff) to quiver,
twitch; to flicker; to flap the wings (bird);
to flutter; to wave, stream; to flash, flare
for a moment; to appear suddenly; -- u I to
be anxious to please (‫ ل‬s.o.). serve (‫ ل‬s.o.)
diligently │‫ رف على ذاكرته‬it flashed
through his mind, it occurred to him all of
a sudden
‫ رف‬raff flight, covey (of birds)
‫ رف‬raff pl. ‫ رفوف‬rufūf, ‫ رفاف‬rifāf shelf;
rack; ledge │ ‫ وضعه على الرف‬to shelve
s.th., put s.th. aside
‫ رفاف‬raffāf radiant, flashing, sparkling,
glistening
‫ رفأ‬rafa’a a (raf’) to mend, repair, patch (‫ھـ‬
clothing), sew up, fine-draw (‫ ھـ‬a rent),
darn (‫ ھـ‬socks); to drag (‫ ھـ‬a boat) on shore
‫ رفاء‬raffā’ darner, fine-drawer
‫ رفاء‬rifā’ (marital) harmony, love │
‫( بالرفاء والبنين‬banīn) live in harmony and
beget sons! (felicitation to newlyweds)
‫ مرفأ‬marfa’ pl. ‫ مرافئ‬marāfi’2 landing
place wharf, quay; port, harbor
1
‫ رفت‬rafata i u (raft) to break, smash, crush (‫ھـ‬
s.th.); to reject, turn down, decline (‫ھـ‬
s.th.); to dismiss, discharge (‫ ھـ‬s.o. from
service)
‫ رفت‬raft dismissal, discharge (from
service)
‫ رفت‬rufāt mortal remains, body (of a
person)
2
‫ رفتية‬raftīya transit duty; clearance certificate,
clearance papers (com.)
‫ رفث‬rafata i u to behave in an obscene manner
‫ رفث‬rafat obscenity
‫ رفح‬rafaḥ Rafah (town in S Gaza sector)
‫ رفد‬rafada i (rafd) to support, aid, help (‫ ه‬s.o.);
to support, uphold, carry (‫ ه‬s.th.) IV to
support, aid, help (‫ ه‬s.o.) X to ask (‫ ه‬s.o.)
for support, appeal (‫ ه‬to s.o.) for help
‫ رفد‬rifd pl. ‫ رفود‬rufūd, ‫ ارفاد‬arfād
present, gift; support
‫ رفادة‬rifāda dressing, bandage (over a
wound); saddlecloth, pad 348
‫ رافد‬rāfid pl. ‫ روافد‬rawāfid2 tributary
stream; ‫ الرافدان‬ar-rāfidān (Euphrates and
Tigris = ) Mesopotamia, Iraq
‫ رافدة‬rāfida pl. ‫ روافد‬rawāfid2 support,
prop; rafter
‫ رفرف‬rafrafa to flap the wings (bird); to flutter
(flag, wings, or the like); to blow (wind);
to blindfold (‫ ھـ‬the eyes)
‫رفرف‬rafrāf pl. ‫ رفارف‬rafārif 2 cushion,
pad; eyeshade, visor (of a cap); fender (of
an automobile)
‫ رفروف‬rafrūf pl. ‫ رفاريف‬rafārīf2 eye
bandage
‫ رفس‬rafasa i u (rafs) to kick (‫ ه‬s.o.)
‫ رفس‬rafsa (n. vic.) kick
‫ رفاس‬raffās steam launch, steamboat;
motor tug; O propeller
‫ رفش‬rafš shovel, spade
‫ رفاص‬raffāṣ (= ‫ رفاس‬raffās) steam launch,
steamboat
‫ رفض‬rafaḍa i u (rafḍ) to leave, abandon (‫ھـ‬
s.th.); to discard, dismiss (‫ ھـ‬s.th.); to
reject, turn down, decline, refuse to accept
(‫ ھـ‬s.th.) IV to finish, conclude, terminate
V to he bigoted, fanatic IX to scatter,
disperse, break up; to disappear, cease
(e.g., pain); to drip (sweat)
‫ رفض‬rafḍ dismissal; rejection, refusal,
nonacceptance
‫ رفيض‬rafīḍ abandoned; rejected,
dismissed
‫ ترفض‬taraffuḍ bigotry, fanaticism
 ‫ رافضة‬rāfiḍa pl. ‫ روافض‬rawāfiḍ2
turncoats, renegades, dissenters, defectors;
troops having deserted their leader;
Rafidites, a Shiitio sect
‫ رافضي‬rāfiḍī pl. ‫ ارفاض‬arfāḍ apostate,
renegade, turncoat; Rafidite; disloyal,
rebellious; bigoted, fanatical
‫ رفع‬rafa‘a a (raf‘) to lift, lift up, raise aloft,
heave up, hoist up (‫ ھـ‬s.th.); to raise (‫ھـ‬
s.th., e.g., one’s head, also fig.: e.g., the
intellectual level, a price); to raise in
esteem (‫ ھـ‬s.th.); to make high or higher (
‫ ھـ‬s.th.); to elevate (‫ ھـ‬s.th.); to heighten,
exalt, enhance (‫ ھـ‬s.th.); to raise, promote (
‫ ه الى‬s.o. to the rank of); to fly, let up (‫ھـ‬,
e.g., a kite); to hoist, run up (‫‘ علما‬alaman
or ‫ راية‬rāyatan a flag); to take off, doff, tip
(‫ قبعته‬qubba‘atahū one’s hat); to place,
fasten or attach (‫ ھـ‬s.th.) high above; to
erect, set up (‫ ھـ‬s.th.); to raise (‫صوته‬
ṣautahū one’s voice); to remove, take
away (‫ عن‬or ‫ ھـ من‬s.th. from); to abolish,
eliminate (‫ھـ‬s.th.); to lift (‫ ھـ‬s.th., e.g., a
ban), put an end (‫ ھـ‬to s.th.); to remedy (‫ھـ‬
a mistake); to free, relieve (‫ عن ھـ‬s.o. of
s.th.); to put s.th. (‫ )ھـ‬before s.o. (‫)الى‬,
submit (‫ ه الى‬s.th., e.g., a petition, to), file (
‫ ھـ الى‬a report, and the like, with a proper
authority); to present, dedicate (‫ ھـ الى‬s.th.
to s.o.); to offer up (‫ ھـ‬sacrifices; Chr.); to
make, deliver (‫ تقريرا‬a report); to start,
initiate (‫ قضية‬qaḍīyata legal action); to
ascribe (‫ ھـ الى‬a Prophetic tradition to an
authority or source); (gram.) to pronounce
the final consonant with u; to put (‫ ھـ‬a
word) in the nominative or indicative,
respectively; pass. rufi‘a it appeared,
came in sight, became visible (‫ ل‬before
s.o.); ‫ رفع عنه‬rufi‘a ‘anhu he regained
consciousness │‫ رفع شيئا فوق شيء‬to put s.th.
before or above s.th. else; ‫رفع به رأسا‬
(rafa‘a) to pay attention to s.th.; ‫رفع من شأنه‬
(min ša’nihī) to enhance the importance of
s.th.; to speak of s.th. in glowing terms;
‫( رفع من مكانته‬makānatihī) to upgrade s.th.;
‫( رفع يديه عنه‬yadaihī) to desist, refrain from
s.th.; ‫( رفع الدعوى عليه‬da‘wā) to sue s.o.,
lodge a complaint against s.o. (‫ امام‬in a
court); ‫( رفع قضية عليه‬qaḍīyatan) or ‫رفع به‬
‫ قضية‬to bring legal action against s.o., go
with s.o. to court; ‫ رفع االستئناف‬to appeal,
349 make an appeal (‫ امام‬to a court) II to
raise, lift;, elevate; to celebrate carnival III
to act as defence counsel (‫ عن‬of s.o.),
defend (‫ عن‬s.o., in court), plead s.o.’s (‫)عن‬
cause; to summon, hale (‫ ه الى‬s.o. to court)
V to be or deem o.s. above s.th. (‫)عن‬, be
too proud (‫ عن‬for s.th.), look down (‫عن‬
upon) │‫ ترفع برأسه‬to raise or bear one’s
heed high VI to hale one another before
the judge (‫ ;)الى الحاكم‬to take one’s case
before the judge (‫ ;)الى الحاكم‬to plead (in
court) VIII to rise, lift; to go up, ascend; to
become higher; to grow, increase, rise; to
ring out (tone, voice, tune); to go away,
pass away, be eliminated, disappear (‫عن‬
from) │‫( ارتفع صوته‬ṣautuhū) to gain
prestige
‫ رفع‬raf‘ lifting, hoisting (also, of a
flag); elevation; raise, raising, stepping up
(of prices, of temperatures, etc.); setting
up; erection; abolition; lift, (e.g., of a
ban); remedy, elimination, removal;
remission (of a tax); submission, filing
(e.g., of a report); pronunciation of the
final consonant with u (gram.) │‫رفع األثقال‬
weight lifting (athlet.)
‫ رفعة‬rif‘a height, elevation (e.g., of a
structure); high rank or standing │ ‫صاحب‬
‫( الرفعة‬formerly:) title of the Egyptian
Prime Minister, ‫ رفعة رئيس الوزراء‬rif‘at raīs
al-wuzarā’ His Excellency the Prime
Minister
‫ رفاع‬rifā‘ Shrovetide (Chr.)
‫ رفيع‬rafī‘ high, high-ranking; lofty,
exalted, sublime; loud (voice, sound);
thin, fine, delicate; exquisite, refined,
subtle; artistic │‫ رفيع الشأن‬r. aš-ša’n
approx.: exalted; formerly, in Tunisia, title
of the members of the Bey’s family; ‫صاحب‬
‫( المقام الرفيع‬maqām) title conferred upon
bearers of the order ‫ القالدة‬al-qilāda,
established by Fu’ād I in 1936; ‫الفنون الرفيعة‬
‫ ))= الفنون الجميلة‬the fine arts; ‫الرفيع والوضيع‬
high end low (= all)
‫ ارفع‬arfa‘ higher; loftier, more exalted;
liner; more relined, subtler
‫ رفيعة‬rafī‘a pl. ‫ رفائع‬rafā’i‘2 legal case
brought before the competent authorities;
a document submitted to a proper
authority
 ‫ مرفع‬marfa‘ Shrovetide (Chr.); carnival,
pl. ‫ مرافع‬marāfi‘2 do.
‫ مرفعة‬mirfa‘a pl. ‫ مرافع‬marāfi‘2 hoisting
gear, crane
‫ ترفيع‬tarfī‘ pl. -āt promotion (of an
official); salary raise (‫ الى‬to the amount of)
‫ مرافعة‬murāfa‘a pl. -āt speech for the
defense (in court); proceedings at law │‫يوم‬
‫ المرافعة‬yaum al-m. date fixed for the trial
(of a case in court); ‫( قانون المرافعة‬Eg.) and
‫ مجلة المرافعة‬majallat al-m. (Tun.) code of
procedure
‫ ترفع‬taraffu‘ arrogance, haughtiness,
snobbery (‫ عن‬toward s.th.), disdain,
contempt (‫ عن‬of s.th.)
‫ ارتفاع‬irtifā‘ rise (e.g., of prices);
elevation; increase; height, altitude (e.g.,
of a mountain, ‫‘ عن سطح البحر‬an saṭḥI l-
baḥr above sea level, etc.) │ ‫ على ارتفاع‬...
at an altitude of ...
‫ رافع‬rāfi‘ bearer │‫ آلة رافعة‬hoisting gear,
lifting apparatus, hoist; windlass, winch;
crane; pump; ‫( مضخة رافعة‬miḍakka) suction
pump
‫ رافعة‬rāfi‘a pl. ‫ روافع‬rawāfi‘ hoisting
gear, lifting apparatus, hoist; crane;
hoisting installation (mining) │O ‫رافعة‬
‫( ھوائية‬hawā’īya) ejector; O ‫ رافعة الغام‬r.
algām mine sweeper
‫ مرفوع‬marfū‘ traceable in ascending
order of traditionaries to Mohammed
(Prophetic tradition); (gram.) in the
nominative or indicative, respectively
‫ مرفع‬muraffa‘: ‫( المرفع شأنه‬ša’nuhū) =
‫( الرفيع الشأن‬see ‫ رفيع‬rafī‘) 350
‫ مرافع‬murāfi‘ plaintiff
‫ مترفع‬mutaraffi‘ haughty, arrogant,
snobbish
‫ مرتفع‬murtafi‘ rising, ascending; high,
elevated; resounding, ringing │ ‫سكة الحديد‬
‫( المرتفعة‬sikkat al-ḥadīd) elevated railway
‫ مرتفع‬murtafa‘ height, altitude; elevated
place; O terrace; pl. -āt heights,
elevations, hills
‫ رفق‬rafaqa u (rifq) and rafiqa a (rafaq) to be
kind, friendly, nice (‫ ب‬to s.o., also ‫ على‬and
‫)ل‬, treat gently (‫ ب‬s.o.,), be courteous (‫ب‬
with s.o.) III to be a companion, a
comrade (‫ ه‬of s.o.); to keep (‫ ه‬s.o.)
company; to be on intimate terms, be hand
in glove, be friends, associate closely (‫ه‬
with s.o.); to accompany (‫ ه‬s.o.; also
mus.); to escort (‫ ه‬،‫ ھـ‬s.o., s.th.) IV to be of
use, be useful (‫ ه‬to s.o.), avail, serve, help
(‫ ه‬s.o.); to accompany (‫ ھـ ب‬s.th. with);: to
attach, enclose, add, append (‫ ھـ ب‬to s.th.
s.th.) V to show o.s. kind, display a gentle,
friendly attitude (‫ ب‬toward s.o., also ‫)مع‬,
be nice (‫ ب‬to s.o., also ‫ ;)مع‬to do gently (‫في‬
s.th.), proceed gently (‫ في‬in) │‫ترفق في سيره‬
(sairihī) to walk slowly, stroll, saunter VI
to travel together VIII to profit, benefit,
gain (‫ ب‬from or by), make use, avail o.s.,
take advantage (‫ ب‬of), utilize (‫ ب‬s .h.); to
lean one’s elbows, rest one’s arms (‫ ھـ‬on
s.th.)
‫ رفق‬rifq friendliness, kindness,
gentleness │ ‫ جمعية الرفق بالحيوان‬jam‘īyat
ar-r. bi-l-ḥayawān Society for the
Prevention of Cruelty to Animals
‫ رفقة‬rifqa, rufqa pl. ‫ رفاق‬rifāq, ‫ رفق‬rifaq,
rufaq, ‫ ارفاق‬arfāq group, troop, body (of
people); company │ ‫ برفقة‬accompanied by,
in the company of
‫ رفيق‬rafīq pl. ‫ رفقاء‬rufaqā’2, ‫ رفاق‬rifāq
companion, attendant; escort; buddy,
friend; comrade (in Marxist terminology);
associate, partner; accomplice; kind (‫ب‬
to), mild, gentle, tender │‫ رفيق المدرسة‬r. al-
madrasa classmate, schoolmate
‫ رفيقة‬rafīqa pl. -āt woman companion;
girl friend; sweetheart; mistress, par
amour
‫ مرفق‬mirfaq, marfiq elbow; -- mirfaq
pl. ‫ مرافق‬marāfiq2 anything conducive to
personal ease and comfort, convenience;
appurtenance (of an apartment, of a house;
such as kitchen, bathroom, stable, etc.);
attainment of civilization, civilizational
institution; pl. ‫ مرافق‬attainments of
civilization; conveniences; public utilities;
installations; facilities │‫القيام على مرافقھم‬
(qiyām) concern for their welfare; ‫مرافق‬
‫ الحياة‬m. al-ḥayāh conveniences, anything
conducive to personal ease and comfort;
‫‘( المرافق العامة‬āmma) the public utilities;
‫ مرافق التكرار‬refining facilities (oil industry)
 ‫ مرافقة‬murāfaqa accompaniment; escort;
company, association
‫ ارتفاق‬irtifāq utilization, use; usefulness,
serviceableness; easement (jur.)
‫ مرافق‬murāfiq pl. -ūn companion,
attendant; escort; accompanist; adjutant,
aide (Ir.)
‫ مرفق به‬murfaq bihi attached, enclosed;
pl. ‫ مرفقات‬enclosures (in a letter, or the
like)
‫ مرتفق‬murtafaq that on which one leans
or rests; support; toilet, latrine
‫ رفل‬rafala u (rafl) to trail a garment; to strut,
swagger
‫ رفل‬rifl train (of a garment)
‫ رفه‬rafuha u (‫ رفاه‬rafāh, ‫ رفاھة‬rafāha, ‫رفاھية‬
rafāhīya) to be comfortable, pleasant,
luxurious (life) II to make (‫ ھـ‬life) pleasant
and comfortable; to afford (‫ ه‬s.o.) a
pleasant, luxurious life; to be a source 351
of ease and comfort, make things easy (
‫ عن‬،‫ على‬for s.o.), let (‫على‬, s.o.) live in
comfort; to relax (‫ عن‬،‫ على‬s.o.), provide
recreation (‫ عن‬،‫ على‬for); to ease soften,
mitigate (‫ عن ھـ‬for s.o. s.th.); to cheer up (
‫ عن‬s.o.), raise the spirits of (‫ ;)عن‬to soothe
(‫ عن‬the soul) │‫ رفه عن نفسه‬to relax, find
recreation (‫ ھـ‬from work); ‫ رفع على نفسه‬to
find recreation
‫ رفه‬rifh and ‫ رفاه‬rafāh well-being,
welfare; personal ease and comfort; good
living, luxury, comforts of life
‫ رفاھة‬rafāha, ‫ رفاھية‬rafāhīya
comfortable, luxurious life; luxury;
comfort, comfortableness, coziness;
complete relaxation and ease
‫ ترفيه‬tarfīh creation of ease and luxury;
habituation to luxury; providing of
comfort and relaxation; recreation;
(mental) relaxation │‫ ترفيه العيش‬t. al-‘aiš
good living, comfortable life; ‫قسم الترفيه‬
qism at-t. recreation department
‫ )رفا )رفو‬rafā u (rafw) to darn, mend (‫ ھـ‬s.th.)
‫ رق‬raqqa i (‫ رقة‬riqqa) to be or become thin,
delicate, fine; to be tender, soft; to be
pure, clear, limpid (water); to soften,
relent (‫ ل‬toward s.o.), have pity, feel
compassion, have sympathy (‫ ل‬for) │‫رق له‬
‫( قلبه‬qalbuhū) he took pity on him II to
make thin. thin out (‫ ھـ‬s.th.); to refine,
make fine, soft or tender, render delicate (
‫ ھـ‬s.th.); to polish, smooth, make elegant (
‫ ھـ‬one’s speech); to flatten, roll out (‫ ھـ‬esp.
metal) IV to make thin, line or tender,
render delicate, refine (‫ ھـ‬s.th.); to soften (
‫ ھـ‬the heart) V to soften, relent (‫ ل‬toward
s.o.). have pity, have sympathy (‫ ل‬for),
sympathize (‫ ل‬with) X to be thin, fine,
delicate; to soften (‫ ھـ‬s.th.); to enslave,
make a slave (‫ ھـ‬s.o.)
‫ رق‬raqq pl. ‫ رقوق‬ruqūq turtle
‫ رق‬riqq quality or condition of being a
slave, slavery, bondage
‫ رق‬raqq, riqq parchment; riqq (eg.)
tambourine
‫ رق‬riqqa thinness; slenderness,
slimness; fineness, delicateness, delicacy;
gentleness, mildness; amiability,
graciousness, friendliness │‫ رقة الحاشية‬r.
al-ḥāšiya friendliness, courteousness,
amiability; ‫ رقة الشعور‬sensitivity, delicacy
of feeling, tact; ‫ رقة الطبع‬r. aṭ-ṭab‘
kindness, gentleness, mild temper,
friendliness; ‫ رقة المزاج‬gentleness, mild
temper
‫ رقاق‬ruqāq flat loaf of bread; O waffles
‫ رقيق‬raqīq pl. ‫ ارقاء‬ariqqā’2, ‫ رقاق‬riqāq
slave, slaves (sing. and coll.); flat loaf of
bread (mid); thin; slender, slim; line,
delicate; soft. tender, gentle; sensitive,
tactful, discreet, prudent │‫ تجارة الرقيق‬slave
trade; ‫ رقيق الحال‬poor, needy; ‫رقيق الحاشية‬
‫ ))الحواشي‬r. al-ḥāšiya (al-ḥawāšī) friendly,
courteous, civil, amiable; ‫رقيق الشعور‬
sensitive; ‫ رقيق الطبع‬r. aṭ-ṭab‘ kind, gentle,
mild-tempered, friendly; ‫رقيق المزاج‬
gentlehearted
‫ رقيقة‬raqīqa lamina, flake
‫ ارق‬araqq2 thinner; slimmer; more
delicate
‫ مرقاق‬mirqāq rolling pin
‫ مرقوق‬marqūq thin, flaky pastry
‫ رقأ‬raqa’a a to cease to flow (tears)
‫ رقب‬raqaba u (‫ رقوب‬ruqūb, ‫ رقابة‬raqāba) to
observe, watch, regard attentively (‫ھـ‬
s.th.); to supervise, control (‫ ھـ‬s.th.); to
wait (‫ ھـ‬for), await (‫ ھـ‬s.th.); -- (‫رقوب‬
ruqūb) to watch (‫ ھـ‬over s.th.), guard (‫ھـ‬
s.th.); to take into consideration, heed,
observe, respect (‫ ھـ‬s.th.); to fear (‫ ه‬God);
to be on one’s guard, watch out, be careful
│‫( ال يرقب فيه إال وال ذمة‬illan wa-lā
dimmatan) to treat s.o. ruthlessly ill to
watch, observe, regard attentively (‫ ه‬s.o.,
‫ ھـ‬s.th.), keep an eye (‫ ه‬،‫ ھـ‬on); to make
out, detect (‫ ھـ‬s.th.); to control 352 (‫ھـ‬
s.th., e.g., the traffic, the press, s.o.’s
doings, etc.), supervise (‫ ھـ‬some work),
have an eye (‫ ھـ‬on, e.g., on s.o.’s
dealings); to fear (‫ ه‬God) │ ‫( راقب ﷲ فيه‬lit.:
to fear God with regard to s.o.) to treat s.o.
well for fear of God V to expect,
anticipate, await (‫ ھـ‬s.th.), look forward to
(‫)ھـ‬, wait, look, look out (‫ ه‬،‫ ھـ‬for); to
regard (‫ ھـ‬s.th.), look (‫ ھـ‬at s.th.); to lie in
wait (‫ ه‬for) VIII to expect, anticipate (‫ھـ‬
s.th.)
‫ رقبة‬riqba observation; control;
attention; caution, wariness; vigilance,
watchfulness
‫ رقبة‬raqaba pl. -āt, ‫ رقاب‬riqāb neck; --
(pl. ‫ )رقاب‬slave; (īsl. Law) person │O ‫رقبة‬
‫ جسر‬r. jisr bridgehead; ‫ صلب الرقبة‬ṣulb ar-r.
stubborn, obstinate, obstreperous; ‫غليظ‬
‫ الرقبة‬do.; ‫ ھذا في رقابھم‬responsibility for it
rests on their shoulders; ‫أخذ بعضھم برقاب‬
‫ بعض‬akada ba‘ḍuhum bi-r. ba‘ḍin to
follow in close succession
‫ رقوب‬ruqūb anticipation, expectation
‫ رقيب‬raqīb pl. ‫ رقباء‬ruqabā’2 vigilant,
watchful; guardian, keeper, warden;
watcher, observer, lookout; spy; overseer,
supervisor, inspector; controller, control
officer; postal censor; sergeant (Syr., mil.)
│‫( رقيب اول‬awwal) approx.: staff sergeant
(Syr., mil.)
‫ رقبى‬ruqbā donation with the proviso
that it shall either revert to the donor after
the donee’s death or become the property
of the donee upon death of the donor (Isl.
Law)
‫ رقابة‬raqāba supervision, control;
censorship (of the press)
‫ رقوبة‬raqūba and ‫ راقوبة‬rāqūba (eg.) nest
egg
‫ مرقب‬marqab and ‫ مرقبة‬marqaba lofty
observation post, lookout; watchtower; O
observatory
‫ مرقب‬mirqab telescope
‫ مراقبة‬murāqaba observation;
supervision; surveillance; inspection;
control; censorship (of the Press); mail
censorship; superintendency,
controllership; zone of inspection
‫ ترقب‬taraqqub expectation, anticipation
‫ ارتقاب‬irtiqāb expectation, anticipation
‫ مراقب‬murāqib pl. -ūn observer;
overseer, supervisor, inspector; controller,
control officer; censor; sergeant major,
quartermaster sergeant (Eg. 1939) │‫مراقب‬
‫ تعليم‬m. ta‘līm a military rank (approx.:
master sergeant; Eg. 1939); ‫ مراقب تعيين‬m.
ta‘yīn a military rank (approx.:
quartermaster sergeant; Eg. 1939); ‫مراقب‬
‫( مدني‬madanī) title of a high local official
(Mor., Tun.); ‫ مراقب الخطوط‬linesman
(soccer)
‫ رقد‬raqada u (raqd, ‫ رقود‬ruqūd, ‫ رقاد‬ruqād) to
sleep, be asleep; to go to bed; to lie down
to rest; to lie; to rest; to abate, subside, let
up, calm down (e.g., a storm); to be down,
be flagging; to be dull, listless (market) │
‫( رقد على البيض‬baiḍ) to sit on the eggs (hen)
II to put (‫ ه‬s.o.) to sleep; to make (‫ ه‬s.o.)
lie down; to put (‫ ه‬s.o.) to bed; to lay
down, stretch out (‫ ه‬s.o.) IV to put to sleep
(‫ ه‬s.o.); to put to bed (‫ ه‬a child)
‫ رقدة‬raqda sleep; manner of lying, lying
position
‫ رقاد‬ruqād sleep; recumbency,
recumbent position
‫ رقود‬ruqūd sleep; recumbency,
recumbent position; sleeping, sleep (pl. of
the active participle)
‫ راقود‬rāqūd pl. ‫ رواقيد‬rawāqīd2 large jug
‫ مرقد‬marqad pl. ‫ مراقد‬marāqid2 bed;
couch; resting place; mausoleum
‫ ترقيد‬tarqīd (eg.) layerage (hort.) │‫ترقيد‬
‫ البيض‬t. al-baiḍ hatching of the eggs 353
‫ ترقيد‬tarqīd (tarqīd) layer (hort.)
‫ راقد‬rāqid pl. ‫ رقد‬ruqqad, ‫ رقود‬ruqūd
sleeping, asleep; lying, reclining,
 recumbent; resting; quiet, dull, listless
(market)
‫ مرقد‬muraqqid somniferous, lulling; pl.
‫ مرقدات‬soporifics
‫ رقرق‬raqraqa to mix. dilute (‫ ھـ‬wine with
water) II taraqraqa to overflow (‫بالدموع‬
with tears; eyes), be bathed (‫ بالدموع‬in
tears); to glitter, glisten, sparkle: to stir
gently, breathe (wind)
‫ رقراق‬raqrāq bathed (in tears), moist,
misty (eyes); glittering, glistening; radiant,
brilliant, resplendent
‫ رقارق‬raqāriq not deep, shallow (water)
‫ رقش‬raqaša u to variegate, make multicolored
(‫ ھـ‬s.th.) II do.; to adorn, embellish,
decorate (‫ ھـ‬s.th.)
2
‫ ارقش‬arqaš variegated, multicolored,
colorful
O ‫ مرقاش‬mirqāš pl. ‫ مراقيش‬marāqīš2
brush (of the painter)
‫ رقص‬raqaṣ u (raqṣ) to dance; to prance (horse;
‫ على‬to a tune) │ ‫( رقص فرحا‬faraḥan) to
dance with joy II to make (‫ ھـ‬s.o.) dance;
to set (‫ ھـ‬s.th.) in a swinging motion; to
make (‫ ھـ‬the heart) tremble │ ‫رقص الحناجر‬
(prop.: to make the throats tremble) to
provoke loud laughter III to dance (‫ ھا‬with
a girl) IV = II; VI to move; to dance; to
prance; to tremble (heart)
‫ رقص‬raqṣ dancing, dance │ ‫معلم الرقص‬
mu‘allim ar-r. dancing instructor
‫ رقصة‬raqṣa (n. vic.) pl. raqaṣāt dance
‫ رقاص‬raqqāṣ (professional) dancer;
pendulum (phys.; also of a timepiece)
‫ رقاصة‬female dancer; dancing girl,
danseuse; ballerina
‫ مرقص‬marqaṣ, pl. ‫ مراقص‬marāqiṣ2
dance hall, ballroom; dance, ball
‫ راقص‬rāqiṣ dancer; dance, dancing
(used attributively) │‫( حفلة راقصة‬ḥafla)
dance, ball; ‫ موسيقى راقصة‬dance music; ‫ليلة‬
‫( راقصة‬laila) dancing party
‫ راقصة‬rāqiṣa pl. -āt female dancer; O
kneecap, patella
‫ رقوص‬II taraqwaṣa (syr.) to toss, fling o.s.
‫ مراقصة‬murāqiṣa (female) dancing
partner
‫ رقط‬II to speckle, spot (‫ ھـ‬s.th.)
‫ ارقط‬arqaṭ2 speckled, spotted; leopard
‫ رقع‬raqa‘a a (raq‘) to patch (‫ ھـ‬a garment); --
raqu‘a u (‫ رقاعة‬raqā‘a) to be stupid II =
raqa‘a
‫ رقعة‬ruq‘a pl. ‫ رقع‬ruqa‘, ‫ رقاع‬riqā‘
patch; piece of cloth; piece of land, terrain
or ground; area; lot, plot of land; ground
(of a flag); chessboard; slip of paper, piece
of paper; note, brief message; ticket;
coupon; bond, security; a cursive style of
calligraphy
‫ رقيع‬raqī‘ stupid, silly, foolish;
impudent, impartment, shameless; (pl.
‫ ارقعة‬arqi‘a) firmament
‫ رقاعة‬raqā‘a stupidity, foolishness folly
‫ مرقعة‬marqa‘a and ‫ مرقعية‬marqa‘īya
tatters, rags
‫ ترقيع‬tarqī‘ patching │‫ ترقيع القرنية‬t. al-
qarnīya transplantation of the cornea
(mid.)
‫ مرقعات‬muraqqa‘āt fragments
‫ رقم‬raqama u (raqm) to write (‫ ھـ‬s.th.);
to point, provide with points (‫ ھـ‬a text); to
brand (‫ ھـ‬a hone); to imprint (‫ ھـ‬a trace, a
mark); to mark (‫ ھـ‬s.th.); to stripe (‫ ھـ‬a
fabric); to number (‫ ھـ‬s.th.) II to point,
provide with points (‫ ھـ‬a text); to stripe,
streak (‫ ھـ‬s.th.); to rule (‫ ھـ‬s.th.); to number
(‫ ھـ‬s.th.) 354
‫ رقم‬raqm pl. ‫ ارقام‬arqām numeral;
number, No. │‫( األرقام الھندية‬hindīya) the
numerals of the Arabs; ‫ رقم القياس‬r. al-
qiyās or ‫( رقم قياسي‬qiyāsī) record (athlet.),
‫( سجل رقما قياسيا‬sajjala) to set a record
(athlet.)
‫ رقيم‬raqīm inscription tablet; letter,
message
‫ مرقم‬mirqam pl. ‫ مراقم‬marāqim2 drawing
pencil, crayon; (painter’s) brush
‫ ترقم‬tarqīm pointing; numbering,
numeration
‫ مرقم‬marqūm pl. ‫ مراقم‬marāqīm2 striped
blanket
about
‫ رقى‬raqiya a (raqy, ruqīy) to ascend (‫ الى‬or ‫في‬
s.th. or to s.th.); to climb, mount, scale (‫ھـ‬
s.th.); to rise (in rank), advance, he
promoted; to date back, go hack (‫ الى‬to a
bygone era); ‫ رقي به‬to lead s.o. up; to
further, promote, encourage s.th.; - raqa i
(‫ رقية‬ruqya) to use magic or incantations (‫ه‬
on s.o., ‫ من‬against s.th.) II to cause to
ascend; to promote (‫ ه‬s.o.); to raise,
further, promote, advance (‫ ھـ‬s.th.) V to
ascend, rise, advance, progress VIII to
ascend, rise; to ascend (‫ ھـ‬s.th.; also. e.g.,
‫ العرش‬al-‘arša the throne), climb (‫ ھـ‬s.th.,
on s.th., also ‫ العربة‬al-‘araba into the
carriage); to advance, he promoted (‫الى‬
‫ منصب‬ilā manṣib to an office); to rise,
increase (‫ الى‬to the number of); to
advance, rise, show an upward trend,
develop upward; to date hack. go hack (‫الى‬
to a given time)
‫ رقي‬ruqīy rise, progress, upward
development; ‫ الرقي به‬promotion,
encouragement, furtherance of s.th.
‫ رقية‬ruqya pl. ‫ رقى‬ruqan spell, charm,
magic; incantation
‫ رقاء‬raqqā’ magician, sorcerer
‫ ارقى‬arqā higher, superior; more
advanced, more progressed
‫ مرقاة‬marqāh pl. ‫ مراق‬marāqin stairs,
staircase; O elevator, lift
‫ ترقية‬tarqiya raising; -- (pl. -āt)
promotion (in rank); elevation; promotion,
furtherance, encouragement,
advancement; extension, development,
improvement
‫ ترق‬taraqqin pl. taraqqiyāt ascension;
ascent; advance, advancement; progress,
rise, progressive development
‫ ارتقاء‬irtiqā‘ climbing, mounting;
ascension; ascent; progress, rise,
progressive development │‫ ارتقاء العرش‬irt.
al-‘arš accession to the throne
‫ راق‬rāqin ascending, rising; high, high-
ranking; superior, high-grade, high-class,
of high standard; educated. refined;
advanced │‫( الطبقة الراقية‬ṭabaqa) the upper
class
‫ راق‬rāqin pl. ‫ رقاة‬ruqāh magician,
sorcerer
‫ مرتق‬murtaqin high, superior, advanced
(esp. intellectually)
‫ مرتقى‬murtaqan ascent, rise
1
‫ رك‬rakka i (rakk, ‫ ركة‬rikka, ‫ ركاكة‬rakāka) to
be weak, feeble; to be poor, meager,
scanty; -- u (rakk): ‫( رك الشيء في عنقه‬fī
‘unuqihī) to saddle s.o. with the
responsibility for s.th., thrust s.th. upon
s.o.
‫ ركة‬rikka weakness feebleness
‫ ركيك‬rakīk pl. ‫ ركاك‬rikāk, ‫ رككة‬rakaka
weak, feeble; thin; colorless, pallid (e.g.,
style); scanty, meager, poor, pitiful
‫ ركاك‬rukāk weak, feeble
‫ ركاكة‬rakāka weakness, feebleness;
lowliness; inadequacy, poorness;
colorlessness, pallor (e.g., of style) 355
2
‫ ركة‬rukka distaff │‫ طب الركة‬ṭibb ar-r. (eg.)
popular treatment of illnesses by means of
charms and incantations, practiced by
women
‫ ركب‬rakiba a (‫ ركوب‬rukūb) to ride (‫ ھـ‬an
animal); to mount (‫ ھـ‬an animal); to go,
travel (‫ ھـ‬in a carriage, in an automobile,
on a train, on board a ship, etc.), ride (‫ ھـ‬in
a vehicle, on a bicycle); to get, climb (‫ھـ‬
into a carriage, on a bicycle, etc.), board (
‫ھـ‬a train, an airplane, a ship, etc.); to
pursue (‫ ه‬s.o.), be after s.o. (‫ ب‬with s.th.);
to engage (‫ ھـ‬in), embark (‫ ھـ‬on); to
commit, perpetrate (‫ ھـ‬a sin, a crime); to
master (‫ ھـ‬s.th.) │ ‫( ركب البحر‬baḥr) to
travel by sea; ‫( ركبا الحياة‬ḥayāh) to master
life; ‫( ركب الخطر‬kaṭar) to embark on a
risky undertaking; ‫ركب خيوله الحربية‬
(kuyūlahū l-ḥarbīya) to get on one’s high
horse; ‫( ركب ذنب الريح‬danaba r-rīḥ) to
speed along like the wind; ‫ركب رأسه‬
(ra’sahū) to act at one’s disoretion; to act
rashly, follow a whim; ‫ركب السيارة‬
(sayyāra) to go by car, travel in an
automobile; ‫( ركب الشطط‬šaṭaṭ) to commit
excesses, go too far; ‫( ركب الطيارة‬ṭayyāra)
to fly, go by plane; ‫( ركب متن العنف‬matna
l-‘unf) to commit acts of violence; ‫ركب‬
‫( مركب الخطل‬markaba l-kaṭal) to make a
foolish mistake, commit a folly; to embark
on a reckless course, do irresponsible
things; ‫( ركب مطية اإلخفاق‬maṭīyata l-ikfāq)
to back the wrong horse, be on the losing
side, fail; ‫( ركب األھوال‬ahwāl) to defy the
horrors; ‫( ركب الھواء‬hawā’) to fly, travel by
air; ‫( ركب ھواه‬hawāhu) to follow one’s
whim II to make (‫ ه‬s.o.) ride; to put, place,
fasten, mount (‫ ھـ على‬s.th. on); to fit,
mount, insert, set (‫ ھـ في‬s.th. in. e.g., a
precious stone in a ring); to build in (‫ ھـ‬a
machine part); to assemble (‫ ھـ‬e.g., the
parts of an apparatus); to set up (‫ ھـ‬a
machine); to install (‫ ھـ‬s.th.; techn.), lay (‫ھـ‬
an electric line, and the like); to assemble,
put together, fit together (‫ ھـ‬s.th.); to
make, prepare (‫ ھـ‬s.th. out of several
components or ingredients); to construct,
build (‫ ھـ‬e.g., a technical apparatus) IV to
make (‫ ه‬s.o.) ride or mount │‫اركبه رأسه‬
‫( وھواه‬ra’sahū wa-hawāhu) to let s.o. have
his head, let s.o. do as he pleases V to be
composed, be made up, consist (‫ من‬of) VI
to be superimposed one upon another VIII
to commit, perpetrate (‫ ھـ‬a sin, a crime); to
pursue, practice (‫ ھـ‬s.th. │ ‫ارتكب شططا‬
(šaṭaṭan) to overdo s.th., go too far
‫ ركب‬rakb riders, horsemen, cavalcade;
caravan; traveling party; retinue, escort;
procession, troop (of people)
‫ ركبة‬rukba pl. ‫ ركب‬rukab, -āt knee │‫ابو‬
‫ الركب‬abū r-rukab dengue, breakbone
fever (med.)
‫ ركاب‬rikāb pl. ‫ ركب‬rukub stirrup; (pl.
-āt, ‫ ركب‬rukub, ‫ ركائب‬rakā’ib2) riding
Camel, riding animal, mount │‫حل ركابه‬
‫ بأرضنا‬ḥalla rikābuhū bi-arḍinā he has
arrived on our soil; ‫ ھو في ركابه‬he is his
loyal follower, he doge his footsteps; ‫سار‬
‫ في ركابه‬do.; to cling to s.o.’s heels, be
blindly subservient to s.o.
‫ ركوب‬rakūb mount, riding animal
2
‫ ركوبة‬rakūba pl. ‫ ركائب‬rakā’ib mount,
female riding camel
‫ ركوب‬rukūb (horseback, camelback,
etc.) riding; traveling (in a vehicle, by sea,
by air, etc.); mounting (of a bicycle, of a
horse, etc.), boarding (of a train, of a ship,
etc.) │‫ ركوب البحر‬r. al-baḥr navigation;
‫ ركوب الھواء‬r. al-hawā’ flying, aviation
‫ ركاب‬rakkāb one who rides frequently,
(professional) horseman or rider, jockey
‫ ركبان‬rukbān retinue, escort │‫ذكره سار به‬
‫( الركبان‬dikruhū) approx.: his fame has
spread far and wide 356
‫ مركب‬markab pl. ‫ مراكب‬marāk2 ship,
boat, vessel │‫( مركب بخاري‬bukārī)
steamship, steamer; ‫مرك‬ī‫( حربي‬ḥarbī)
warship, man-of-war; ‫( مركب دوري‬daurī)
patrol boat; ‫( مركب شراعي‬širā‘ī) sailing
vessel, sailboat; ‫ مركب لصيد‬m. aṣ-ṣaid
fishing smack, trawler; ‫ مركب النقل‬m. an-
naql freighter, transport
‫ مركبة‬markaba pl. -āt vehicle; carriage,
cab
‫ مراكبى‬marākibī pl. marākibīya
boatman; ferryman
‫ تركيب‬tarkīb pl. -āt, ‫ تراكيب‬tarākīb2
fitting in, insertion, setting; building in;
fastening, mounting; assembling,
assembly; final assembly; installation
(e.g., of a telephone extension);
composition; making, preparation (out of
several components or ingredients);
construction, building (techn.); structure;
constitution, build, physique; -- (pl. ‫تراكيب‬
tarākīb2) phrase, idiom; construction
(gram.)
‫ تركيبي‬tarkībī constructive,
constructional
‫ ارتكاب‬irtikāb perpetration (of a sin or
crime)
‫ راكب‬rākib riding, on horseback,
mounted; riding, traveling (in a vehicle);
(pl. ‫ ركاب‬rukkāb, ‫ ركبان‬rukbān) rider,
horseman; (pl. ‫ ركاب‬rukkāb) passenger,
occupant (of a conveyance) │‫ راكب دراجة‬r.
darrāja cyclist
‫ مركوب‬markūb pl. ‫ مراكيب‬marākīb2
riding animal, mount; (eg., syr.) red-
leather shoes │‫ ابو مركوب‬abū m. (eg.)
shoebill (Balaeniceps rex; zool.)
‫ مركبات‬murakkabāt components,
constituents, elements, ingredients (esp.
chem.)
‫ مركب‬murakkab mounted, fastened,
fixed (‫ على‬on); fitted, inserted, set (‫ في‬in);
built-in; assembled; made up, composed,
consisting (‫ من‬of); compound. composite;
complex; bound, not free; -- (pl. -āt)
composition; a compound (chem.); a
 composite; a complex (psychol.);
medication, medicament │ ‫( ربح مركب‬ribḥ)
compound interest; ‫( مركب كيميائي‬kīmiyā’ī)
chemical compound; ‫ مركب نقص‬m. naqṣ
inferiority complex
‫ مرتكب‬murtakib perpetrator (of a crime)
‫ ركد‬rakada u (‫ ركود‬rukūd) to be motionless,
still, stagnant
‫ ركود‬rukūd suspension, standstill,
stagnation; sluggishness; stillness,
tranquility
‫ راكد‬rākid stagnant; sluggish
‫ ركز‬rakaza u i (rakz) to plant or ram in the
ground, set up (‫ ھـ‬s.th., e.g., a pole); to fix,
embed firmly (‫ ھـ‬s.th.) II to plant or ram in
the ground, set up, (‫ ھـ‬s.th., e.g., a pole); to
position, emplace (‫ ھـ‬s.th.); to fix, embed
firmly (‫ ھـ‬s.th.); to cause to take root,
naturalize (‫ ھـ‬s.th.); to concentrate (‫ ھـ‬s.th.,
also one’s thoughts, ‫ في‬on) V to
concentrate; ‫ تركز‬tarakkaz ready! (starter’s
command; athlet.) VIII to be implanted; to
settle permanently, stay (‫ في‬at a place); to
lean, support one’s weight (‫ على‬or ‫ الى‬on);
to he fastened, be mounted (‫ على‬on); to be
based, rest (‫ على‬on); to concentrate (‫في‬
on); to gravitate (‫ في‬to)
‫ ركز‬rikz sound, tone
‫ ركزة‬rakza pause, rest, break
‫ ركاز‬rikāz pl. ‫ اركزة‬arkiza, ‫ ركزان‬rikzān
precious minerals, buried treasures of the
earth
‫ ركيزة‬rakīza pl. ‫ ركائز‬rakā’iz2 treasure;
support, brace, shore, stanchion; pillar,
pier; post, pile; shoring
‫ مركز‬markaz pl. ‫ مراكز‬marākiz2
foothold; stand, station; place where s.o. is
posted or stationed; post; (police, etc.) 357
station; office, branch office (com.);
locality where s.th. takes place, scene,
site, seat; position (mil.); headquarters;
main office, central office; central
exchange (telephone); center (of a circle
and fig.); focus; markaz, an administrative
district (subdivision of a mudīrīya, Eg.);
position, situation, office, post; (social,
financial, official, etc.) status, standing;
power, position (of a country); situation │
‫( مركز اساسي‬asāsī) starting point, basis;
‫ مركز البوليس‬police station; ‫مراكز حيوية‬
(ḥayawīya) vital centers; ‫ مركز اإلدارة‬m. al-
idāra main office, central office,
headquarters; ‫ مركز الداء‬m. ad-dā’ the seat
of the disease O ‫ مركز اإلذاعة‬m. al-idā‘a
broadcasting station; ‫ مركز رئيسي‬main
office, headquarters; ‫ مركز الرياسة‬m. ar-
riyāsa central command post; ‫مركز رياسة‬
‫ الجيش‬m. riyāsat al-jaiš Supreme
Command of the Army (Eg.); ‫مركز رعاية‬
‫ الطفل‬m. ri‘āyat aṭ-ṭifl health center for
children (Eg.); ‫ مركز السكة الحديدية‬m. as-
sikka al-ḥadīdīya railroad junction; ‫مركز‬
‫ الشرطة‬m. aš-šurṭa police station; ‫مركز نيابي‬
(niyābī) parliamentary seat, mandate; O
‫ مركز التوليد‬power station
‫ مركزي‬markazī central; district (used
attributively); ‫ المركزي‬O centrifugal;
decentralized (administration)
‫ مركزية‬markazīya centralism; centrality,
central position or situation; ‫المركزية‬
decentralization
‫ تركيز‬tarkīz setting up; installation;
implantation, establishment,
naturalization; concentration │ ‫جھاز‬
‫التركيز‬jahāz at-t. stabilizer (tech.)
‫ تراكز‬tarākuz concentricity
‫ ارتكاز‬irtikāz support
‫ مركز‬murakkaz concentrated,
centralized; O condensed
‫ متراكز‬mutarākiz concentric
‫ ركس‬VIII to suffer a setback, be thrown back;
to decline, degenerate, be degenerate; to
become stunted, atrophy
‫ ركض‬rakaḍa u (rakḍ) to race, rush, run; to run
away; to gallop (intrans., said of a horse,
and trans. ‫ ھـ‬a horse) III to race (‫ ه‬s.o.), run
a race (‫ ه‬with) VI to compete in a race; to
run fast
‫ ركاض‬rakkāḍ runner, racer
‫ ركوض‬rakūḍ fast-running, swift
‫ ركع‬raka‘a a (‫ ركوع‬rukū‘) to bend the body,
bow (esp. in prayer); to kneel down, drop
to one’s knees II and IV to make (‫ ه‬s.o.)
kneel down
‫ ركعة‬rak‘a pl. raka’āt a bending of the
torso from an upright position, followed
 by two prostrations (in Muslim prayer
ritual)
‫ راكع‬rāki‘ pl. ‫ ركع‬rukka‘ bowing to the
ground
‫ ركل‬rakala u (rakl) to kick (‫ ه‬s.o., ‫ ھـ‬s.th.)
‫ ركلة‬rakla (n. vic.) kick
‫ ركم‬fJ rakama u (rakm) to pile up, heap up,
accumulate, amass (‫ ھـ‬s.th.) VI to
accumulate, be heaped up; to pile up,
gather (clouds) VIII = VI
‫ ركم‬rakam pile, heap
‫ ركام‬rukām pile, heap; lump; cumulus
clouds
O ‫ مركم‬markam pl. ‫ مراكم‬marākim2
storage battery
‫ تراكم‬tarākum accumulation
‫ ركن‬rakana u (‫ ركون‬rukūn) and rakina a to
lean, support one’s weight (‫ الى‬on); to
quiet down, become or be calm, to trust (
‫ الى‬in), rely (‫ الى‬on); to be dependent, have
to rely (‫ الى‬on) │ ‫ ركن الى الھدوء‬to remain
calm IV to trust (‫ الى‬s.o.), rely (‫ الى‬on),
place one’s confidence (‫ الى‬in); to resort (
‫ الى‬to) │‫( يركن اليه‬yurkanu) 358 reliable,
dependable. trustworthy VIII to lean,
recline, support one's weight (‫ الى‬or ‫على‬
on)
‫ ركن‬rukn pl. ‫ اركان‬arkān support, prop;
corner; nook; basis, basic element, first
principle; pl. ‫ اركان‬staff (mil.); basic
elements, chief elements │ ‫ اركان الحرب‬a.
al-ḥarb general staff (mil.); ‫ اركان الجيش‬a.
al-jaiš do.; ‫ رئيس اركان الجيش‬chief of
general staff; ‫ وثيق األركان‬of strong build,
sturdy
‫ ركنى‬ruknī: ‫( ضربة ركنية‬ḍarba) corner
kick (soccer)
‫ ركين‬rakīn firm, steady, confident,
imperturbable; grave, calm, sedate
‫ ركون‬rukūn reliance, confidence, trust
‫ مركن‬mirkan pl. ‫ مراكن‬marākin2 washtub
‫ مراكنة‬murākana (tun.) betrothal,
engagement
‫ اركان‬arkān reliance, confidence, trust
‫ ركوة‬rakwa pl. rakawāt (syr.) small coffee pot
of copper. having a long handle
‫ رم‬ramma u i (ramm, ‫ مرمة‬maramma) to repair,
overhaul (‫ ھـ‬s.th.); -- i (ramm, ‫ رمة‬rimma)
to decay; to rot II to decay; to rot V to be
repaired, undergo repair
‫ رم‬ramm repair
‫ رم‬ramm: ‫ رم األسنان‬r. al-asnān caries
(med.)
‫ رمة‬rimma cadaver
‫ برمته‬bi-rummatihī whole, complete,
entire │ ‫سورية برمتھا‬all Syria
‫ رميم‬ramīm decayed, rotten; ‫رمائم‬
ramā’im2 decaying bones
‫ رمام‬rumām decayed, rotten
‫ مرمة‬maramma pl. -āt repair; shipyard
(Tun.)
‫ ترميم‬tarmīm pl. -āt repair, overhauling,
restoration
‫ رمث‬ramal pl. ‫ ارماث‬armā~ log raft
‫ رمح‬ramaḥa a (ramḥ) to pierce, transfix (with
a lance; ‫ ه‬s.o.); to gallop (horse)
‫ رمح‬rumḥ pl. ‫ رماح‬rimāḥ, ‫ ارماح‬armāḥ
lance, pike; spear, javelin; pole │‫رمي الرمح‬
ramy ar-r. javelin throwing (athlet.)
‫ رماح‬rammāḥ pl. ‫ ة‬lancer; uhlan
‫ السماك الرامح‬as-simāk ar-rāmiḥ Arcturus
(astron.)
‫ رمد‬ramida a (ramad) to have sore eyes; to be
inflamed (eye) II to burn to ashes,
incinerate (‫ ھـ‬s.th.) V to burn to ashes,
become ashes
‫ رمد‬ramad ophthalmia, inflammation of
the eyes; eye disease │‫( رمد حبيبي‬ḥubaibī)
trachoma, granular conjunctivitis; ‫مستشفى‬
‫ الرمد‬muštašfā r-r. eye clinic
‫ رمدي‬ramadī and ‫طبيب رمدي‬
ophthalmologist, oculist
‫ رمد‬ramid sore-eyed
‫ ارمد‬armad2 sore-eyed
‫ رماد‬ramād pl. ‫ ارمدة‬armida ashes │
‫اربعاء الرماد‬arbi‘ā’ ar-r. or ‫ يوم الرماد‬yaum
ar-r. or ‫‘ عيد الرماد‬īd ar-r. Ash Wednesday
(Chr.); ‫( نفخ في الرماد‬lit.: to blow into cold
ashes, i.e.) to engage in futile
undertakings, set out on a wild-goose
chase
 ‫ رمادي‬ramādī ashen, ash-colored, ash-
gray
‫ ترميد‬tarmīd cremation, incineration
‫ رمز‬ramaza u i (ramz) to make a sign, to wink,
nod, motion; to point (‫ الى‬to), indicate (‫الى‬
s.th.); to symbolize, represent or express
symbolically (‫ الى‬s.th.); to designate (‫ل ب‬
or ‫ الى‬s.th. with a distinguishing mark)
‫ رمز‬ramz pl. ‫ رموز‬rūmūz sign, nod, wink,
motion; hint; allusion, intimation;
allegory; riddle; symbol. symbolic figure,
emblem, character; secret sign, code sign
‫ رمك‬armak2, f. ‫ رمكاء‬ramkā’ 2 ashen, ash-gray
359
‫ رمزي‬ramzī symbolic(al}; in code, in
cipher
‫ رمل‬II to sprinkle with sand (‫ ھـ‬s.th., so as to
‫ رمزيات‬ramzīyāt cipher, code
‫ راموز‬rāmūz pl. ‫ روامز‬rawāmīz2
specimen, sample; O facsimile
‫ رمس‬ramasa i u (rams) to bury (‫ ه‬s.o.); to
cover, efface, wipe out (‫ ھـ‬tracks) VIII
‫ ارتمس في الماء‬to be immersed in water
‫ رمس‬rams pl. ‫ رموس‬rumūs, ‫ ارماس‬armās
grave, tomb
‫ راموس‬rāmūs grave, tomb
‫ رمش‬ramaša i u to take with the fingertips (‫ھـ‬
s.th.); to wink, blink
‫ رمش‬ramaš inflammation of the
eyelids, conjunctivitis
‫ رمشة‬ramša blink, wink
‫ رمش‬rimš pl. ‫ رموش‬rumūš eyelashes
‫ رمص‬ramaṣ white secretion (of the eye)
‫ رمض‬VIII to be consumed by grief and sorrow
‫ رمض‬ramaḍ parchedness, scorchedness
(esp. of the ground due to excessive heat)
2
‫ رمضاء‬ramḍā’2 sun-baked ground │
‫ استجار من الرمضاء بالنار‬approx.: to jump out
of the frying pan into the fire
‫ رمضان‬ramaḍān2 Ramadan, the ninth
month of the Muslim calendar
‫ رمق‬ramaqa u (ramq) to regard (‫ ه‬،‫ ھـ‬s.o.,
s.th.), glance, look (‫ ه‬،‫ ھـ‬at) II to stare,
gaze (‫ ه‬،‫ ھـ‬at); to perform (‫ ھـ‬work)
perfunctorily and negligently, botch (‫ ھـ‬a
job); to keep (‫ ه‬s.o.) barely alive V to wait
(‫ ھـ‬for an opportunity, and the like)
‫ رمق‬ramaq pl. ‫ ارماق‬armāq (last) spark
of life, breath of life │ ‫ سد رمقه‬sadda
ramaqahū to keep s.o. or o.s. barely alive,
eke out a living, manage to keep body and
soul together; to provide s.o. with a bare
existence; to allay s.o.’s hunger; ‫على آخر‬
‫‘ رمق‬alā ākiri ramaqin at the point of
death; on the verge of exhaustion, on
one’s last legs
‫ مرموق‬marmūq regarded, looked at;
noted, of note; remarkable, notable,
significant, important; lofty, proud
‫ رمكة‬ramak pl. -āt, ‫ رماك‬rimāk, ‫ارماك‬
armāk mare
blot it) IV to become a widower or a
widow V = IV
‫ رمل‬raml pl. ‫ رمال‬rimāl sand │‫علم الرمل‬
‘ilm ar-r. or ‫ ضرب الرمل‬ḍarb ar-r.
geomancy (divination by means of figures
or lines in the sand)
‫ رملي‬ramlī sandy, sabulous; sand- (in
compounds) │‫ ساعة رملية‬sandglass,
hourglass
‫ رمل‬ramal name of a poetical meter
‫ رمال‬rammāl geomancer
‫ ارمل‬armal2 pl. ‫ ارامل‬arāmil2 widower
‫ ارملة‬armala pl. ‫ ارامل‬arāmil2, ‫اراملة‬
arāmila widow
‫ مرملة‬marmala sandbox
‫ ترمل‬tarammul widow(er)hood
1
‫ رمان‬rummān (coll.; n. un. ‫ )ة‬pomegranate;
‫ رمانة‬knob, pommel; (pl. -āt), ‫رمانة يدوية‬
(yadawīya) hand grenade
‫ ارمن‬and ‫ ارمنى‬look up alphabetically
1
‫ رمى‬ramā i (ramy, ‫ رماية‬rimāya) to throw, cast
(‫ ب‬،‫ ھـ‬s.th.); to fling, hurl (‫ ب‬،‫ ھـ‬s.th.); to
toss away, throw down (‫ ب‬،‫ ھـ‬s.th.); to
throw aside, toss aside, discard, lay aside (
‫ ب‬،‫ ھـ‬s.th.); to shoot, fire; to pelt, hit,
bombard (‫ ھـ ه‬s.o. with) shoot, fire (‫ ه ب‬at
s.o. with); to charge (‫ ب ه‬s.o. with), accuse
(‫ ه ب‬s.o. of), blame) 360 reproach (‫ ب ه‬s.o.
for); to aim, drive, be aimed (‫ الى‬at), have
in view, purpose, intend (‫ الى‬s.th.), be out
for (‫ ;)الى‬with ‫ بين‬to sow dissension among
 or between │ ‫( رماه بطلق نارى‬ṭalaq) he fired
a shot at him; ‫( رمى بالغيب‬gaib) to practice
divination VI to pelt one another; to throw
o.s. to the ground, prostrate o.s., fall to the
ground; to throw o.s., fling o.s. (‫ على‬on);
to plunge, rush, throw o.s. (‫ في‬into s.th.);
to be vast, extend far into the distance; to
come, get (information, report, news; ‫الى‬
to s.o.) │‫( ترامى على قدميه‬qadamaihi) to
throw o.s. at s.o.’s foot; ‫ترامى بين ذراعيه‬
(dirā‘aihī) to throw o.s. into s.o.’s arms;
‫‘( عاطفة ترامى به عھدھا‬ahduhā) a fooling that
he had known long, long ago, a fooling
which lay far behind him; ‫ ترامى الينا ان‬we
have received word that ... VIII to throw
o.s. (‫ على‬on, e.g., on the bed, on or to the
ground); to fling o.s., fall (‫ على‬upon s.o.),
throw o.s., plunge (‫ في‬into s.th.); to have
fallen down and lie prostrate; to lie,
sprawl (‫ على‬on) │‫ ارتمى الى األرض‬to fall to
the ground, tumble
‫ رمي‬ramy (act or process of) throwing,
flinging, shooting, etc. │ ‫ رمي الحربة‬r. al-
ḥarba javelin throwing, ‫ رمي القرص‬r. al-
qurṣ discus throwing (athlet.); ‫اعدام رميا‬
‫ بالرصاص‬i‘dām ramyan bi-r-raṣāṣ
execution before a firing squad
‫ رمية‬ramya (n. vic.) throw, toss, fling;
shot │‫ رب رمية من غير رام‬rubba ramyatin
min gairi rāmin many a shot is without a
(skilled) marksman (proverbially, of
unexpected or undeserved success)
‫ رمية‬ramīya pl. ‫ رمايا‬ramāyā game
animal (being shot at or already killed)
‫ مرمى‬marman pl. ‫ مرام‬marāmin aim,
end, purpose; goal (athlet.); range (of a
gun); reach, extent │‫ حارس المرمى‬goal-
keeper; ‫ مرمى النظر‬m. an-naẓar range of
vision, field of vision
‫ ترام‬tarāmin vastness, expanse │‫ترامى‬
‫ األطراف‬vast expanse, vastness
‫ رام‬rāmin pl. ‫ رماة‬rumāh throwing;
thrower, hurler; marksman; rifleman (Syr.,
mil.) │‫ الرامي‬Sagittarius (astron.); ‫سھم‬
‫ الرامي‬sahm ar-r. Sagitta (astron.); ‫رامي‬
‫ اللھيب‬flame thrower
‫ مترام‬mutarāmin wide, extensive │
‫ مترامي األطراف‬vast, huge
2
‫ رامية‬look up alphabetically
‫ رن‬ranna i (‫ رنين‬ranīn) to cry, wail, lament; to
resound; to echo; to ring
‫ رنة‬ranna pl. -āt scream; sound;
reverberation, echo
‫ رنين‬ranīn lament, wailing; sound;
reverberation, echo; resonance; ring
‫ رنان‬rannān and ‫ مرنان‬mirnān ringing,
resounding; resonant; reverberating,
echoing
O ‫ رنانة‬rannāna tuning fork (mus.)
‫ ارنب‬and ‫ ارنبة‬look up alphabetically
‫ رنح‬II to make dizzy, make stagger, send
reeling (‫ ه‬s.o.); to sway (‫ ھـ‬s.th.) │ ‫رنح‬
‫( اعطافه‬a‘ṭāfahū) to work up s.o.’s feelings,
send s.o. into a frenzy V to stagger, reel,
totter, sway; to shake, rock │‫ترنحت اعطافه‬
(a‘tāfuhū) to get into one’s stride, become
ecstatic, be carried away; to be beside o.s.
‫ مرنحة‬marnaḥa prow (of a ship)
‫ رندح‬randaḥa to scan (verse)
‫ رنق‬II to cloud, muddy (‫ ھـ‬water); to blur, dim
(‫ ھـ‬the eyes; said of sleep); to halt, stop,
stop over, stay; to look, glance (‫ نحو‬toward
or at s.th.) │ ‫( رنق النظر الى‬naẓara) to keep
looking at, stare at
‫ رنق‬ranq turbid, clouded (water)
‫ رونق‬raunaq glamor, splendor, beauty
361
‫ رنم‬II and V to sing (‫ ب‬a song); to intone (‫ ب‬a
song); to recite in a singsong voice, chant
(‫ ب‬s.th.)
‫ ترنيمة‬tarnīma pl. ‫ ترانم‬tarānim2 hymn,
anthem; song; a kind of chanting
recitation; little story recited in a singsong
voice; little song
‫ )رنا )رنو‬ranā u to gaze, look (‫ الى‬at s.th.)
‫ رنى‬II and IV to please delight (‫ ه‬s.o.)
‫ رھب‬rahaba a (rahab, ruhb, ‫ رھبة‬rahba) to he
frightened, be afraid; to fear, dread (‫ ه‬s.o.)
│ ‫ رھب جانبه‬see ‫ جانب‬II to frighten, scare,
alarm, intimidate (‫ ه‬s.o.) IV = II; to
terrorize (‫ ه‬s.o.) V to threaten (‫ ه‬s.o.); to
become a monk, enter monastic life (Chr.)
‫ رھبة‬rahba fear, fright, alarm, terror;
awe
 ‫ رھبى‬rahbā, ruhbā fear
‫ رھبوب‬rahbūb great fear, fright, terror
‫ رھيب‬rahīb dreadful, awful, fearful,
terrible; solemn, grave
‫ ترھيب‬tarhīb intimidation
‫ ارھاب‬irhāb intimidation, frightening;
threatening; terror, terrorism (pol.);
sabotage
‫ ارھابي‬irhābī terrorist(ic); sabotage
(used attributively); (pl. -ūn) terrorist
‫ ترھب‬tarahhub monasticism, monastic
life (Chr.)
‫ راھب‬rāhib pl. ‫ رھبان‬ruhbān monk
(Chr.)
‫ راھبة‬rāhiba pl. -āt nun (Chr.)
‫ مرھوب‬marhūb terrible, dreadful
‫ رھبن‬II tarahbana to become a monk,
enter monastic life (Chr.)
‫ رھبنة‬rahbana and ‫ رھبانية‬rahbānīya
monasticism; monastic order,
congregation (Chr.)
‫ رھج‬rahj, rahaj dust
‫ رھط‬rahaṭa a to gobble, gulp greedily
‫ رھط‬rahṭ, rahaṭ pl. ‫ ارھاط‬arhāṭ, ‫ارھط‬
arhuṭ, ‫ اراھط‬arāhiṭ2, ‫ اراھيط‬arāhīṭ2 group
(of people), band, troop
‫ رھط‬rahṭ pl. ‫ رھاط‬rihāṭ leather loin-
cloth
‫ رھف‬rahufa u (‫ رھافة‬rahāfa) to be thin; to be
sharp (sword); -- rahafa a (rahf) and IV to
make thin (‫ ھـ‬s.th.); to make sharp,
sharpen (‫ ھـ‬s.th., esp. fig.) │‫ارھف األذن‬
(udn) to prick up one’s ears (‫ لفالن‬so as to
catch the words of s.o.), ‫)رھف السمع ل )الى‬
(sam‘) to listen closely to
‫ رھف‬rahif thin
‫ رھيف‬rahīf thin; slender, slim;
sharpened, sharp
‫ ارھاف‬irhāf sharpening
‫ مرھف‬murhaf thin, fine; sharpened,
sharp │ ‫ مرھف الحس‬m. al-ḥ. delicate,
sensitive
‫ رھق‬rahiqa a (rahaq) to come over s.o. or s.th.
(‫ ه‬،‫)ھـ‬, overtake (‫ ه‬،‫ ھـ‬s.o., s.th.) III to
approach (‫ ھـ‬an age); to approach the age
of sexual maturity; to be adolescent IV to
bring down (‫ ھـ ه‬upon s.o. s.th.), make (‫ه‬
s.o.) undergo or suffer (‫ ھـ‬s.th.); to
oppress, burden, overburden (‫ ه‬s.o., ‫ب‬
with s.th.), lie heavily, bear down (‫ ه‬on
s.o.) │‫( ارھقه جذبا‬jadban) to tug at s.o.
violently or too violently
‫ مراھقة‬murāhaqa puberty
‫ ارھاق‬irhāq pressure, oppression;
suppression; heavy load (e.g., of work)
‫ مراھق‬murāhiq adolescent
‫ مرھق‬murhiq oppressive (burden, heat)
‫ رھل‬rahila a to be flabby, soft; to be
bloated, fat (flesh, body) V do.
‫ راھل‬rāhil flaccid, flabby, soft, 362 ‫ترھل‬
tarahhul obesity, fatness
‫ مترھل‬mutarahhil flaccid, flabby, soft;
bloated, fat
‫ رھمة‬rihma pl. ‫ رھم‬riham, ‫ رھام‬rihām drizzle,
lasting fine rain
‫ مرھم‬marham pl. ‫ مراھم‬marāhim2 salve,
ointment; cream, cold cream; pomade
‫ رھن‬rahana a (rahn) to pawn, deposit as
security (‫ ھـ‬s.th., ‫ عند‬or ‫ ه‬with s.o.); to
mortgage (‫ ھـ‬real estate) III to bet, lay a
wager (‫ ه‬with s.o., ‫ على‬on, that ... ) IV to
deposit in pledge, give as a security, pawn
(‫ ھـ‬s.th.) VIII to receive or take in pledge,
as a security (‫ ھـ من‬s.th. from s.o.); to
pawn, deposit in pledge (‫ ھـ‬s.th.); to make
(‫ ھـ‬s.th.) subject (‫ ب‬to), make (‫ ھـ‬s.th.)
conditional (‫ ب‬on); pass.: urtuhina to be
subject (‫ ب‬to) │‫( ارتھن نفسه ب‬nafsahū) to
pledge o.s. or dedicate o.s. to the cause of
X to demand as a security (‫ ه ھـ‬from s.o.
s.th.)
‫ رھن‬rahn pawning, mortgaging,
pledging; -- (pl. ‫ رھون‬ruhūn, ‫رھونات‬
ruhūnāt, ‫ رھان‬rihān) pawn, pledge;
security (‫ ب‬for s.th.); hostage; mortgage.
hypothec; ‫ رھن ب‬depending on,
conditional on, subject to; -- rahna (prep.)
pending; depending on, conditional on;
subject to, liable to │‫ محل رھونات‬maḥall r.
pawnshop; ‫ رھن اشارته‬rahna išāratihī at
s.o.’s beck and call; ‫ رھن سيطرته‬r.
saiṭaratihī under s.o.’s power or
dominion; ‫ ھذا رھن ذاك‬this depends on that;
 ‫ المسألة رھن اھتمامه‬al-mas’ala r. ihtimāmihī
the problem is being given every attention
by him; ‫ اودع السجن رھن التحقيق‬ūdi‘a s-sijna
rahna t-taḥqīq he was taken into custody
pending investigation
‫ رھنية‬rahnīya mortgage (deed)
‫ رھين‬rahīn pawned, mortgaged,
pledged, given as security; held in pledge;
security (‫ ب‬for); responsible (‫ ب‬for);
subject (‫ ب‬to); (prep.) subject to,
depending on │ ‫( كان رھينه‬rahīnahū) to be
under obligation to s.o.; to be dependent
on s.o.
‫ رھينة‬rahīna pl. ‫ رھائن‬rahā’in2 pawn,
pledge, security; hostage; mortgage,
hypothec
‫ رھان‬rihān bet, wager; competition,
contest
‫ مراھنة‬murāhana pl. -āt bet, wager
‫ راھن‬rāhin pledger, mortgagor; fixed,
established, certain; lasting, permanent;
current; present, actual │‫الظروف الراھنة‬
present circumstances; ‫ الحالة الراھنة‬the
present condition; the status quo
‫ مرھون‬marhūn pawned, pledged,
mortgaged, given as security; subject (‫ب‬
to) │‫( األمور مرھونة بأوقاتھا‬bi-auqātihā) there
is a time for everything
‫ مرتھن‬murtahan mortgagee, pledgee;
pawnbroker
2
‫ )رھا )رھو‬rahā u (rahw) to amble
‫ رھو‬rahw quiet, calm, peaceful,
tranquil; stillness, calm, peace, tranquility;
(pl. ‫ رھاء‬rihā’) crane (zool.)
‫ رھوان‬rahwān ambler (horse); pal-frey
2
‫ الرھاء‬ar-ruhā’ the city of Urfa (Gr. Edessa)
‫ رھون‬rahwana and II tarahwana to amble
(horse)
‫ رھوان‬see ‫رھو‬
1 begin, set out to do II rawwaḥa to fan
‫ )راب )روب‬rāba u (raub) to curdle (milk) II
and IV to (cause to) curdle (‫ ھـ‬milk)
‫ روب‬raub curdled milk, curds
‫ رائب‬rā’ib curdled (milk)
2
‫( روب‬Fr. robe) rōb pl. ‫ ارواب‬arwāb dressing
gown
‫( روبابيكا‬It. roba vecchia) rōbabēkiyā: ‫بائع‬
‫ الروبابيكيا‬junk dealer 363
‫ روبصة‬raubaṣa sleepwalking, somnambulism
‫ تروبص‬taraubuṣ sleepwalking,
somnambulism
‫ روبل‬rūbel ruble
‫ روبية‬rūbīya pl. -āt rupee
‫ روتانية‬rūtāniyā Ruthenia
‫ )راث )روث‬rāta u (raut) to drop dung
‫ روث‬raut (coll.; n. un. ‫ )ة‬pl. ‫ ارواث‬arwāt
dung, dropping (of horse, camel, and the
like)
1
‫ )راج )روج‬rāja u (‫ رواج‬rawāj) to be spread,
circulate, be current; to find a good
market, sell well, be in demand
(merchandise); to be or become brisk,
pick up (market); to be at band, be
available (‫ ل‬for s.o.) II to spread (‫ھـ‬
rumors, news, etc.), circulate, put into
circulation (‫ ھـ‬s.th.; currency, rumors,
news, etc.); to push the sale (‫ ھـ‬of s.th.),
open a market (‫ ھـ‬for an article); to sell,
bring on the market (‫ ھـ‬an article); to
promote, further (‫ ل‬،‫ ھـ‬s.th.); to make
propaganda (‫ ل‬for), propagate (‫ ل‬s.th.)
‫ رواج‬rawāj circulation; marketability,
salability; sales
‫ اروج‬arwaj2 more widespread, more
common; better selling
‫ ترويح‬tarwīj spreading, propagation,
circulation; sale, distribution (of an article
of commerce); promotion, furtherance
‫ رائح‬rā’ij circulating, current; universal,
widespread, common; salable, marketable,
in demand, selling well (merchandise);
brisk (business market)
2
‫( روج‬Fr.) rūž rouge
‫ )روح‬and ‫ ريح( راح‬rāḥa u (‫ رواح‬rawāḥ) to go
away, leave, go; (with foll. imperf.) to
(air); to refresh, animate, revive (‫ ھـ‬the
heart, the spirits); -- rayyaḥa to give (‫ه‬
s.o.) rest, make (‫ ه‬s.o.) relax, make (‫ ه‬s.o.)
comfortable, provide rest and recreation (‫ه‬
for s.o.); to rest (‫ ھـ‬e.g., ‫ عينيه‬one’s eyes) │
‫ روح عن نفسه‬to find recreation, relax,
amuse o.s. III to go in the evening (‫ ه‬to
s.o.); to alternate, vary (‫ بين‬between two of mind; ‫ مشروبات روحية‬alcoholic
things) IV ‫ اروح‬arwaḥa to stink, smell beverages, spirits
bad; -- ‫ اراح‬arāḥa to give (‫ ه‬s.o.) rest, let (
‫ روح‬rauḥ refreshment
‫ ھـ‬s.th.) rest; to deliver, release (‫ من ه‬s.o.
from); to put (‫ ه‬s.o.) at ease, soothe (‫ ھـ‬the ‫ روحة‬rauḥa pl. -āt journey or errand in
heart, or the like); to relieve, free (‫ ه‬s.o., the evening
‫ من‬of), ease (‫ من ه‬for s.o. s.th.); to do (‫ه‬ ‫ راحة‬rāḥa rest, repose; recreation; ease,
s.o.) a good turn, gladden (‫ ب ه‬s.o. with), leisure; vacation; comfort; (pl. -āt, ‫راح‬
make (‫ ه‬s.o.) happy (‫ ب‬by) │‫اراح نفسه من‬ rāḥ) palm of the hand, hand │ ‫بالراحة‬
(nafsahū) to find recreation from, relax leisurely, gently, slowly, at one’s ease; ‫بكل‬
from V to fan o.s. (‫ بالمروحة‬bi-l-mirwaḥa ‫ راحة‬unhurriedly, leisurely; easily, with
with the fan) VI to fluctuate, alternate, ease; ‫ بيت الراحة‬bait ar-r. water closet,
vary (‫ بين‬between; esp. with two figures toilet; ‫ اسباب الراحة‬luxury; ‫معدات الراحة‬
following); to intervene, lie (‫ بين‬between mu‘iddāt ar-r. conveniences; ‫فترة الراحة‬
two events) VIII to find rest (‫ من‬from); to fatrat ar-r. pause, rest, break, recess; ‫راحة‬
rest, relax, find recreation; to be satisfied, ‫ الحلقوم‬r. al-ḥulqūm Turkish delight; ‫راحة‬
be pleased (‫ الى‬with s.th.), agree, consent ( ‫ اليد‬r. al-yad palm of the hand; ‫ راحة القدم‬r.
‫ الى‬to s.th.); to like (‫ ل‬or ‫ الى‬s.th.), be al-qadam sole of the foot
happy, be glad (‫ ل‬or ‫ الى‬about s.th.) │‫ارتاح‬
‫ للمعروف‬to be happy to be of service, like ‫ ريحة‬rīḥa smell, odor
doing favors X ‫ استروح‬to inhale air, ‫ روحية‬rūḥīya spirituality; mentality,
breathe; to smell, sniff (‫ ھـ‬s.th.); to be mental attitude, frame of mind
refreshed (‫ الى‬by or with s.th.); -- ‫ استراح‬to
be calm; to become calm; to find rest; to ‫ رواح‬rawāḥ departure; going, leaving;
take a rest, have a break; to be refreshed ( return, return trip (as opposed to ‫;)جيئة‬
‫ الى‬by or with s.th.); to rest, relax (‫من‬ rest, repose │‫( في غدوه ورواحه‬gudūwihī)
from); to be delivered, be saved (‫ من‬from), (lit.: in his coming and going, i.e.) in
be relieved (‫ من‬of); to calm down, relax; to everything he did
rely (‫ الى‬on); to be happy, be glad (‫الى‬ ‫ رياح‬rayyāḥ pl. -āt (eg.) large irrigation
about), be pleased (‫ الى‬with) canal, main canal (in the Egyptian
‫ راح‬rāḥ wine irrigation system)

‫ ريح‬rīḥ f. (occasionally m.) pl. ‫رياح‬ ‫ اروح‬arwaḥ2 more calming, more

riyāḥ, ‫ ارواح‬arwāḥ, ‫ ارياح‬aryāḥ wind; fart;
smell, odor │ ‫ ابو رياح‬abū r. weather vane;
scarecrow; ‫ سكنت ريحه‬sakanat rīḥuhū to
expire, become obsolete, fall into
oblivion; ‫ ھبت ريحه‬habbat rīḥuhū 364 he
was in clover, he was in luck’s way; ‫ذھب‬
‫ مع الريح‬to go with the wind, vanish
‫ ريح‬rayyiḥ windy
‫ روح‬m. and f., pl. ‫ ارواح‬arwāḥ breath of
life, soul; spirit (in all senses); gun barrel
│‫ روح القدس‬r. al.quds (qudus), also ‫الروح‬
‫ القدس‬the Holy Ghost; ‫( ال روح فيه‬rūḥa)
spiritless, insipid, inane; ‫خفيف الروح‬
likable, amiable, charming; ‫ ثقيل الروح‬dull,
boring, unpleasant (person); ‫طويل الروح‬
long-suffering, patient; ‫حرصا على الروح‬
(ḥirṣan) dangerâ (on warning signs)
‫ روحي‬rūḥī spirituous; spiritual; pl. -āt
spiritual things │‫ حالة روحية‬state (or frame)
soothing
‫ اريحي‬aryaḥī generous, liberal,
openhanded
‫ اريحية‬aryaḥīya generosity, liberality,
munificence
‫ ريحان‬raiḥān (coll.) sweet basil
(Ocimum basilicum; bot.); (pl. ‫رياحين‬
rayāḥīn2) aromatic plants │‫قلم الريحان‬
qalam ar-r. or ‫( القلم الريحاني‬raiḥānī) a
highly decorative style of Arabic
calligraphy
‫ روحاني‬rūḥānī spiritual, immaterial;
divine, sacred, holy; (pl. -ūn) clergyman,
minister (Chr.)
‫ روحانية‬rūḥānīya spirituality;
transfiguration
 ‫ مراح‬marāḥ place visited in the
evening; -- murāḥ, also marāḥ pasture;
daytime pasture
‫ مروحة‬mirwaḥa pl. ‫ مراوح‬marāwiḥ2 fan;
ventilator; O propeller │ ‫المروحة الخوص‬
(kūṣ) palm-leaf fan; ‫ مروحة الخيش‬m. al-kaiš
punkah, a canvas-covered frame
suspended from the ceiling for fanning a
room
O ‫ مرواح‬mirwāḥ fan; ventilator (mor.)
‫ مرياح‬miryāḥ causing flatulence (food)
‫ ترويح‬tarwīḥ fanning; ventilation,
airing; refreshment; diversion, amusement
(also ‫)الترويح عن النفس‬
‫ ترويحة‬tarwīḥa: ‫ ترويحة نفس‬t. nafs walk,
stroll
‫ صالة التراويح‬ṣalāt at-tarāwīḥ prayer
performed during the nights of Ramadan
‫ ترييح‬taryīḥ (eg.) installation; fitting in,
insertion
‫ ارتياح‬irtiyāḥ satisfaction, gratification;
pleasure; joy, delight 365
‫ استرواح‬istirwāḥ airing, ventilation; air
intake; respiration │ ‫( استرواح صدري‬ṣadrī)
pneumothorax (med.)
‫ استراحة‬istirāḥa rest, repose, relaxation,
recreation; - (pl.- at) intermission, recess,
pause, root, break; public resthouse (for
travelers; Eg.)
‫ رائح‬rā’iḥ: ‫( رائح وغاد‬gādin) going back
and forth, walking up and down
‫ رائحة‬rā’iḥ pl. ‫ روائح‬rawā’iḥ2 odor,
smell; fragrance, perfume; pl. ‫روائح‬
perfumes; flavorings (e.g., those used in
baking)
‫ مريح‬murīḥ restful, reposeful; calming,
soothing; cozy; comfortable; flatulent │
‫( كرسي مريح‬kursī) armchair; club chair,
easy chair
‫ مراح‬murāḥ see above under marāḥ
‫ مرتاح‬murtāḥ resting, relaxing; relaxed,
calm, serene; reassured, satisfied, content;
pleased, delighted │‫ مرتاح البال‬at ease,
relaxed, serene, tranquil; ‫ مرتاح الضمير‬of
peaceful mind, undisturbed by scruples
‫ مستريح‬mustarīḥ resting, relaxing;
relaxed, calm, reassured
‫ مستراح‬mustarāḥ water closet, toilet
2
‫ )راد )رود‬rāda u (raud) to walk about, move
about, prowl; to look, search (‫ ھـ‬for s.th.)
in to seek to win (‫ على ه‬s.o. for s.th.), try to
entice or tempt (‫ ه على‬s.o. to do s.th.); to
approach, accost (‫ ه‬s.o.); to seek to
alienate or lure away (‫ ه عن‬s.o. from); to
attempt to seduce (‫ ھا‬a woman) │‫راوده عن‬
‫ نفسه‬to seek to tempt s.o. IV to want (‫ھـ‬
s.th., ‫ ان‬to do s.th.), wish. have a mind, be
willing (‫ ان‬to do s.th.); to want to have (‫ھـ‬
s.th.), desire, covet (‫ ھـ‬s.th.), strive (‫ ھـ‬for
s.th.); to be headed. be bound (‫ ھـ‬for a
place); to intend (‫ ھـ‬s.th., ‫ ان‬to do s.th.); to
aim (‫ الى‬or ‫ من ھـ‬with s.th. at), purpose,
have in view ( ‫ من ھـ‬by s.o. s.th.); to drive (
‫ الى‬at s.th., ‫ من‬with s.th.); to be out (‫ الى‬or
‫ ھـ‬for), be bent (‫ الى‬or ‫ ھـ‬on); to mean (‫ه‬
s.o., ‫ ھـ‬s.th., ‫ ب‬by); to have s.o. (‫ )ه‬in mind
with s.th. (‫)ب‬, aim at s.o. (‫ )ه‬with s.th. (‫;)ب‬
to have (good or evil) designs (‫ )ھـ‬on s.o. (
‫)ب‬, intend or plan to do s.th. (‫ )ھـ‬with s.o. (
‫ ;)ب‬to be on the point (‫ ھـ‬or ‫ ان‬of doing
s.th.), be about (‫ ھـ‬or ‫ ان‬to do s.th.); to
urge, induce, prompt (‫ ه على‬s.o. to do s.th.)
│‫ اراد به ان‬by this he meant that ...; he
understood it to mean that ...; ‫اراد به خيرا‬
(kairan) to wish s.o. well; ‫ اراد على ان‬to
seek to induce s.o. to (do s.th.); ‫اراد العاصمة‬
on his way to the capital; ‫اراد نفسه على الشيء‬
(nafsahū) he tried to bring himself to do it
VIII to repair, betake o.s. (‫ ھـ‬to a place); to
explore (‫ ھـ‬s.th.)
‫ رود‬raud exploration
‫ ريادة‬riyāda exploration
‫ رويدا‬ruwaidan slowly, gently, leisurely
│ ‫رويدا رويدا‬gradually, slowly, by and by;
‫ رويدك‬ruwaidaka take it easy! slowly!
‫ مرود‬mirwad pl. ‫ مراود‬marāwid2 pencil,
little stick (originally for applying kohl to
the eyelids)
‫ ارادة‬irāda will, volition; wish; desire;
(pl. -āt) irade, decree (of a ruler); will
power │(ḥasaba) at will
‫ ارادي‬irādī intentional, willial,
voluntary
 ‫ ارتياد‬irtiyād visit (to a place);
exploration
‫ رائد‬rā’id pl. ‫ رواد‬ruwwād visitor; scout,
reconnoiterer; boy scout; explorer; leader;
major (mil.; U.A.R.); precept, guiding
principle. rule (of conduct)
‫ مريد‬murid pl. -ūn novice (of a Sufi
order); aspirant; adherent, follower,
disciple
‫ مراد‬murād wanted, desired, intended;
design, purpose, intention 366
2
‫ رود‬see ‫رؤد‬
‫ رودس‬rudūs Rhodes (chief island of the
Dodecanese)
‫ روديسيا‬rōdīsiya Rhodesia
‫ )راز )روز‬rāza u (rauz) to weigh (‫ھـ‬
s.th.); to examine (‫ ھـ‬s.th.); to consider ‫ھـ‬
s.th.)
‫ روزنامة‬rūznāma almanac
1
□ ‫ روس‬II (from ‫ )رأس‬to point, sharpen (‫ھـ‬
s.th.); to taper (‫ ھـ‬s.th.); to supply with a
heading or title (‫ ھـ‬essay, book)
□ ‫ ترويسة‬tarwīsa head, heading, title,
caption
2
‫ مراوس‬mirwās race track
2
‫ مراويس‬marāwīs race horses
3
‫ الروس‬ar-rūs the Russians
‫ روسي‬rūsī Russian
‫ الروسية‬ar-rūsīya the Russian language
‫ روسيا‬rūsiyā Russia │‫روسيا البيضاء‬
(baḍā’) Byelorussia
‫( روستو‬It. arrosto) rostō, ‫لحم روستو‬
(laḥm) fried meat; rout
‫ روشن‬raušan pl. ‫ رواشن‬rawāšin2
skylight, scuttle
‫ )راض )روض‬rāḍa u (rauḍ, ‫رياضة‬
riyāḍa) to tame, domesticate (‫ ھـ‬an
animal); to break in, train (‫ ھـ‬an animal);
to train, coach (‫ ه‬s.o.); to pacify, placate (‫ه‬
s.o.) │ ‫ راض نفسه‬to practice (‫ على‬s.th.),
exercise o.s. (‫ على‬in) II = I; to tame,
regulate (‫ ھـ‬e.g., a river) III to seek to
make tractable, try to bring round (‫ ه‬s.o.)
V to practice, exercise o.s.; -- ‫تريض‬
tarayyaḍa (denominative of ‫ )رياضة‬to
(take a) walk, promenade; to do physical
exercise, go in for sports VI to haggle,
bargain (with one another, over a price)
VIII to practice, exercise o.s.; to train o.s.,
school o.s. (‫ ب‬on or by means of); to (take
a) walk, promenade X to be or become
glad, happy, cheerful
‫ روضة‬rauḍa pl. ‫ روض‬rauḍ, -āt, ‫رياض‬
riyāḍ, ‫ ريضان‬rīdān garden; meadow │
‫( روضة األطفال‬pl. ‫ )رياض‬kindergarten,
nursery school
‫ الرياض‬ar-riyāḍ Riyadh (capital of
Saudi Arabia)
‫ رياضة‬riyāḍa pl. -āt practice, exercise;
physical exercise, gymnastics; sport; walk,
promenade; relaxation, rest; spiritual
exercise; ‫ رياضات‬religious exercises,
devotions (Chr.); mathematics │‫رياضة نفسه‬
r. nafshī walking, promenading; ‫الرياضة‬
‫( البحتة‬baḥta) pure mathematics; ‫الرياضة‬
‫( التطبيقية‬taṭbīqīya) applied mathematics;
‫‘( رياضة عقلية‬aqlīya) exercise of wits,
intellectual games
‫ رياضي‬riyāḍī sportive, sports (adj.); (pl.
-ūn) sportsman; mathematic(al) │ ‫اخبار‬
‫ رياضية‬sports news; ‫( مراسل رياضي‬murāsil)
sports reporter; ‫ األلعاب الرياضية‬sports
‫ رياضات‬riyāḍīyāt mathematics
‫ ترويض‬tarwīḍ sports
‫ )راع )روع‬rā‘a u (rau‘) to frighten, scare, alarm
(‫ ه‬s.o.); to startle, surprise (‫ ه‬s.o.); to
awaken s.o.’s (‫ )ه‬admiration, appeal (‫ ه‬to
s.o.), please, delight, thrill (‫ ه‬s.o.) │‫ما‬
‫( راعني اال مجيؤك‬illā majī’uka) your arrival
has been a complete surprise to me II and
IV to frighten, scare, alarm, awe (‫ ه‬s.o.) V
and VIII to be frightened, be alarmed (‫من‬
at, by)
‫ روع‬rau‘ fright, alarm, dismay, fear; --
rū‘ heart, mind, soul │‫( ھدئ روعك‬haddi’)
and ‫( سكن روعك‬sakkin) take it easy! relax!
‫ القى )ادخل( في روعه‬to persuade s.o., make
s.o. believe, talk s.o. into believing (‫ان‬
that), inspire (‫ ھـ‬s.th.); ‫ خطر بروعه‬it
occurred to him, it came to his mind
‫ روع‬rawa‘ beauty 367
‫ روعة‬rau‘a fright, alarm, fear; awe;
astonishment, surprise; perplexity; charm,
beauty, magnificence, splendor
 ‫ اروع‬arwa‘2 more wonderful, more
marvelous; more charming, more
delightful; more magnificent; more
obvious, clearer
‫ ارتياع‬irtiyā‘ alarm, dismay, shock
‫ رائع‬splendid, admirable, wonderful,
marvelous, glorious, magnificent;
charming, delightful; awesome, imposing,
impressive, thrilling; clear as daylight │‫في‬
‫ رائعة النھار‬fī r. in-nahār in broad daylight;
‫ في رائعة شبابه‬fī r. šabābihī in the prime of
his years; ‫ الحقيقة الرائعة‬plain truth
‫ رائعة‬rā’i‘a pl. ‫ روائع‬rawā’i‘ an
imposing thing │‫ روائع الفن‬r. al-fan
masterpieces of art
‫ مروع‬murawwi‘ terrible, dreadful,
frightening
‫ مروع‬murawwa‘ frightened, terrified,
alarmed
‫ مريع‬murī‘ dreadful, terrible, horrible
‫ مرتاع‬mutā‘ frightened, terrified,
alarmed
‫ )راغ )روغ‬rāga u (raug, ‫ روغان‬rawagān) to turn
off, swerve; to dodge, evade (‫ من‬،‫ عن‬s.o.),
get out of the way of (‫ من‬،‫ ;)عن‬furtively to
turn away; to go away (‫ الى‬to), depart,
leave (‫ الى‬for) III to deal in an
underhanded, fraudulent manner (‫ ه‬with
s.o.), double-cross (‫ ه‬s.o.); to dodge,
engage in low trickery, play fast and
loose; to light with unfair means (‫ ه‬s.o.)
‫ رواغ‬rawāg dodge, shift, artifice, sly
trick
‫ رواغ‬rawwāg sly, wily, insidious, crafty
‫ رويغة‬ruwaiga dodge, shift, artifice, sly
trick
‫ اروغ‬arwag2 more cunning, more
insidious
‫ روغان‬rawagān turning off; swerving;
dodging, evasion
‫ مراوغة‬murāwaga sly, underhanded
dealings; humbug, trickery; artifice,
cunning; pl. -āt distortions, prevarications,
lies; tricks, wiles
‫ )راق )روق‬rāqa u (‫ روق‬rauq) to be clear, be
pore (liquid); to surpass, excel (‫ على‬s.o.,
s.th.), prove superior (‫ على‬to); to please,
delight, (‫ ه‬or ‫ ل‬s.o., also ‫ في عينه‬fī ‘ainihī
s.o.), give s.o. pleasure, appeal to s.o. (،‫ه‬
‫ في عينه‬،‫ )ل‬II to clarify, purify, filter (‫ ھـ‬a
liquid) │‫( روق دمعه‬damahū) to refresh s.o.
(drink); to pacify, placate s.o., cool s.o.
off; ‫ روق البضاعة‬to make a clearance sale
IV to pour out (‫ ھـ‬a liquid); to shed, spill (
‫ ھـ‬s.o.); to make (‫ ھـ‬a liquid) flow │‫اراق ماء‬
‫( وجھه‬mā’a wajhihī) to eacri1ice one’s
honor, lose all respect, lose face V to have
breakfast
‫ راق‬rāq pl. -āt layer, stratum
‫ روق‬rauq pl. ‫ ارواق‬arwāq portico; horn
‫ روقة‬rauqa beautiful, pretty, handsome
(of persons; for both gender, sing. and pl.)
‫ رواق‬riwāq, ruwāq pl. ‫ اروقة‬arwiqa tent;
curtain, screen; flap of the tent for
protection against the wind (used by
Syrian Bedouins); sun roof of mate over a
bazaar (syr.); portico; open gallery,
colonnade, loggia; porch, veranda (syr.);
pavilion of an exposition; living quarters,
dormitories and workrooms of the
students of Al Azhar University in Cairo,
divided according to provinces and
nationalities │‫ ضرب رواقه‬to pitch one’s
tent, take up quarters, settle down
‫ رواقي‬riwāqī stoic(al); (pl. -ūn) a stoic;
friar; ‫ الرواقية‬ar-riwāqīya Stoicism 368
‫ راووق‬rāwūq filter
‫ ترويق‬tarwīq filtration, clarification,
purification
‫ ترويقة‬tarwīqa (syr.) breakfast
‫ اراقة‬irāqa pouring out; shedding,
spilling │‫ اراقة الدم‬bloodshed
‫ رائق‬rā’iq clear, pure
‫ مال الروك‬māl ar-rōk (eg.) public property,
community property
1
‫ رول‬II to slaver, slobber, drool
‫ روال‬ruwāl slaver, slobber
2
‫(رول‬Fr. rôle) rōl role
1
‫ )رام )روم‬rāma u (raum, ‫ مرام‬marām) to
desire, wish, want, covet (‫ ھـ‬s.th.), crave (
‫ ھـ‬for); to wish (‫ ل ھـ‬s.o. s.th.); to look (‫ھـ‬
for) │‫( على ما يرام‬yurāmu) as well as one
could possibly wish, in excellent order
 ‫ رام‬rāmallāh Ramallah (town in W
Jordan, N of Jerusalem)
‫ روم‬raum wish, desire
‫ مرام‬marām pl. -āt wish, desire, craving,
longing; aspiration
2
‫الروم‬ar-rūm the Romaeans, the
Byzantines; Byzantium; pl. ‫ األروام‬al-
arwām (the adherents of) the Greek
Orthodox Church │ ‫بحر الروم‬baḥr ar-r. the
Mediterranean
‫ رومي‬rūmī pl. ‫ اروام‬arwām Romaean,
Byzantine; Greek Orthodox (Church) │
‫( ديك رومي‬dīk) turkey (eg.); ‫جبنة رومي‬
(gibna) a brand of cheese (eg.)
‫ روما‬rōmā and ‫ رومة‬rōma Rome
‫ رومية‬rūmiya Rome
‫ الرومان‬ar-rumān the Romano; the
Romanic peoples
‫ روماني‬rūmānī Roman; Romanian;
Romanic
‫ رومانيا‬rūmāniyā Romania
‫( روماتزم‬Engl.) rūmātism rheumatism
‫ روند‬riwand, ‫ راوند‬rāwad rhubarb
‫ رونق‬see ‫رنق‬
1
‫روى‬rawiya a (‫ ري‬ray, riyy) to drink one’s
fill, quench one’s thirst; to be irrigated; --
rawā i to bring (‫ على‬or ‫ ل‬s.o.) water, give (
‫ ه‬s.o.) to drink; -- rawā i (‫ رواية‬riwāya) to
tell, relate (‫ ھـ ل‬s.th. to s.o.), report (‫ھـ‬
s.th.), give an account of (‫ ;)ھـ‬to pass on,
transmit (‫ ھـ عن‬s.th. on the strength of an
authoritative source), quote (‫ عن‬from a
source) II to quench s.o.’s (‫ )ه‬thirst; to
water, irrigate (‫ ھـ‬s.th.) IV to give (‫ ه‬s.o.)
to drink, quench s.o.’s (‫ )ه‬thirst; to water (
‫ ھـ‬flowers, etc.); to moisten. wet (‫ ھـ‬s.th.)
V to draw, obtain (‫ عن ھـ‬s.th. from); to
ponder (‫ ھـ عن‬s.th.), reflect (‫ في‬on) VIII to
quench one’s thirst; to be supplied with
water for drink, be given to drink; to be
watered, be irrigated; to draw (on a
source, i.e., to obtain information from it)
‫ ري‬riyy quenching (of thirst); -- riyy,
rayy watering, irrigation; moistening,
wetting
‫ ريا‬rayyan aroma, fragrance
‫ روي‬rawīy thirst-quenching
‫ روي‬rawīy final letter, rhyming letter
(in Arabic verse); rhyme │ ‫ذو روي واحد‬
monotonous (song)
‫ رواء‬rawā’ fresh (water)
‫ رواء‬ruwā’ prettiness, comeliness
pleasing appearance
‫ روية‬rawīya deliberation, reflection,
consideration │ ‫عن روية‬deliberately, on
purpose, ‫ عن غير روية‬offhand, casually
‫ رواية‬riwāya pl. -āt tale, narrative;
report, account; story; novel; play, drama;
motion picture, film │ ‫رواية‬
‫(محزنة‬muḥzina) tragedy; ‫رواية مسرحية‬
(masraḥīya) play, stage play; ‫رواية سينمائية‬
motion 369 picture, film; ‫رواية مضحكة‬
(muḍḥika) comedy; ‫( رواية غنائية‬ginā’īya)
opera; ‫( رواية قصصية‬qiṣaṣīya, qaṣaṣīya)
novel; ‫( رواية تمثيلية‬tamtīlīya) play, drama;
‫ رواية ناطقة‬sound film; ‫( رواية ھزلية‬hazlīya)
comedy
‫ روائي‬riwā’ī novelist; dramatist,
playwright; author, writer
‫ ريان‬rayyān2, f. ‫ ريا‬rayyā, pl. ‫ رواء‬riwā’
sated with drink; well-watered, well-
irrigated; luxuriant, lush, verdant; full,
plump (face); succulent, juicy, fresh,
pretty; see also alphabetically
‫ تروية‬tarwiya deliberation, reflection,
consideration
‫ اروائي‬irwā’ī irrigational; irrigated
‫ ترو‬tarawwin deliberation, reflection,
consideration
‫ راو‬rāwin pl. rāwiyūn, ‫ رواة‬ruwāh and
‫ راوية‬rāwiya pl. ‫ روايا‬rawāyā transmitter
(esp. of ancient Arabic poetry); relater;
narrator, storyteller
‫ مرويات‬marwīyāt tales, stories, reports
2
‫ راية‬see ‫راى‬
3
‫ رؤيا‬see ‫رأي‬
1
‫ ريا‬،‫ ريان‬،‫ ري‬see ‫روى‬
2
□ ‫ رية‬riyya = ‫ رئة‬ri’a (see ‫)رء‬
3
‫ رياء‬see ‫رأى‬
‫ ﷼‬riyāl pl. -āt riyal, a silver coin: in Eg. = 20
qirš šāg (piasters); in Ir. = 200 fals; ‫﷼‬
‫ ماريا تريزا‬Maria Theresa dollar
‫ ريان‬Riyan (town and airport in S Hadhramaut,
on Gulf of Aden)
‫ )راب )ريب‬rāba i (raib) to disquiet, alarm, fill
with suspicion or misgivings (‫ ه‬s.o., ‫ھـ‬
about s.th.); to give pause (.‫ ه‬to s.o.), make
(‫ ه‬s.o.) 8top and think (‫ ان‬that), make (‫ه‬
s.o.) uneasy; to cast a suspicion (‫ ه‬on s.o.),
show (‫ ه‬s.o.) in a suspicious light; to
doubt, question, suspect (‫ ه‬s.th.) IV to
disquiet, alarm, startle, fill with suspicion
or misgivings (‫ ه‬s.o.) V to have doubts or
misgivings (‫ في‬،‫ ب‬about), be suspicious (‫ب‬
or ‫ في‬of) VIII to be suspicious, smell a rat;
to suspect, doubt, question (‫ ب‬or ‫ في‬s.o.,
s.th.), have doubts or misgivings (‫ ب‬or ‫في‬
about), wavervdoubtfully (‫ بين‬between) X
to be invdoubt, be skeptical (‫ في‬about), be
suspicious,vhave misgivings, entertain
doubts
‫ ريب‬raib doubt; suspicion; uncertainty
│ ‫(بال ريب‬bilā) no doubt, undoubtedly,
doubtless; ‫( ال ريب فيه‬raib) there is no
doubt about it; ‫ ريب المنون‬r. al-manūn
unpredictable turn of fortune, threatening
fate; misfortune
‫ ريبة‬rība pl. ‫ ريب‬riyab doubt, suspicion,
misgiving
‫ ارتياب‬irtiyāb doubt, suspicion, distrust,
misgiving
‫ مريب‬murīb arousing suspicion,
suspicious
‫ مرتاب‬murtāb doubting, doubtful,
skeptical; doubter, skeptic; (‫ به‬or ‫فيه( مرتاب‬
doubted, questionable, doubtful; suspect,
suspicious │ ‫( مرتاب في امره‬amrihī)
suspicious, suspect, under suspicion
‫ مستريب‬mustarīb doubtful, in doubt (‫في‬
about); suspicious
‫ )مستراب )فيه‬mustarāb (fīhi) suspect,
suspicious
‫ )راث )ريث‬rāta i (rait) to hesitate, delay, tarry
V to hesitate, tarry, be tardy; to give (‫ ب‬or
‫ في‬s.th.) long and thorough consideration;
to stop; to stay, linger (‫ في‬at a place); to be
patient, bide one’s time, temporize, wait
‫ ريثما‬raitamā (conj.) as long as, while;
when; until
‫ مرياح‬,‫ ارياح‬,‫ اريحية‬,‫ اريح‬,‫ ريحان‬,‫ رياح‬,‫ ريحة‬,‫ ريح‬see
٣٧٠ ‫روح‬
‫( ريخ‬G.) raik Reich
□ ‫ ريس‬rayyis (=‫ رئيس‬ra’īs) mate (Eg. Naval
rank) │ ‫( ريس ممتاز‬mumtāz) a naval rank
(approx.: petty officer 3rd class; Eg. 1939)
□ ‫ رياسة‬riyāsa (= ‫ رئاسة‬ri’āsa) see ‫رأس‬
‫ رياسي‬riyāsī presidential
‫ )راش )ريش‬rāša i (raiš) to provide with
feathers, feather (‫ ھـ‬s.th.); to feather one’s
nest, become wealthy II to provide with
feathers, feather (‫ ھـ‬s.th.); to fledge, grow
feathers (bird) V to fledge (bird); to
become wealthy
‫ ريش‬rīš (coll.; n. un. ‫ )ة‬pl. ‫ رياش‬riyāš,
‫ ارياش‬aryāš feathers; feathering, plumage;
clothes, attire, exterior; bristles (e.g., of a
brush)
‫ ريشة‬rīša (n. un.) pl. -āt feather; quill;
writing pen (also ‫ ;)ريشة الكتابة‬brush (of a
painter); plectrum; lancet; (eg.) reed (of
certain wind instruments, e.g., of the oboe;
mus.) │‫ وزن الريشة‬wazn ar-r. featherweight
(athlet.)
‫ ريشي‬rīšī feather (adj.), feathery,
feathered, plumed, pinnate
‫ رياش‬riyāš household effects; furniture;
equipment
‫ رياضيات‬،‫ رياضي‬،‫ رياضة‬،‫ رياض‬،‫ تريض‬see ‫روض‬
‫ )راع )ريع‬rā‘a i (rai‘, ‫ ريوع‬ruyū‘, ‫ رياع‬riyā‘,
‫ ريعان‬raya‘ān to increase, grow, flourish,
thrive II to increase, augment (‫ ھـ‬s.th.)
‫ ريع‬rai‘ pl. ‫ ريوع‬ruyū‘ yield; returns,
proceeds, income (accruing from an
estate), interest; profit share royalty;
prime, choicest part │ ‫ ريع الشباب‬r. aš-
šabāb the prime of youth
‫ ريعان‬rai‘ān prime, choicest part │‫في‬
‫ ريعان الشباب‬fī r. iš-šabāb in the prime of
youth; ‫ في ريعان النھار‬fī r. in-nahār in broad
daylight
‫ ارض مريعة‬arḍ marī‘a productive land
□ ‫ تاريع‬tārī‘ (eg.) cadastre; (also ‫مساحة‬
‫ )الريع‬land survey

‫ رائعة‬rā’i‘a: ‫ في رائعة النھار‬fī r. in-nahār
in broad daylight (see also ‫)روع‬
‫ ريف‬rīf pl. ‫ ارياف‬aryāf fertile, cultivated land;
country (as opposed to city), countryside,
rural ‫ الريف‬or ‫ ريف مصر‬Lower Egypt;
seashore. seacoast; Er Rif (hilly coastal
region of NE Morocco)
‫ ريفي‬rīfī rural, rustic, peasant (adj.),
country (used attributively); peasant,
farmer; provincial, yokel, bumpkin;
inhabitant of Er Rif (in Morocco)
‫ )راق )ريق‬rāqa i (‫ ريق‬raiq) to shine, glisten,
glow, burn; to flow out, pour forth IV to
pour out, shed, splll (see also ‫)روق‬
‫ ريق‬rīq and ‫ ريقة‬rīqa pl. ‫ ارياق‬aryāq
saliva, spittle │ ‫ على الريق‬before break-fast,
on an empty stomach; ‫ بلع ريقه‬and ‫ابتلع‬
(rīqahū) (lit.: to swallow one’s saliva, i.e.)
to catch one’s breath, rest a while, take a
short break; to hold back, restrain o.s. (of
s.o. in a rage); ‫( بلعه ريقه‬balla‘ahū rīqahū)
to allow s.o. a break, let s.o. catch his
breath; ‫( اجرى الريق‬ajā) to make the saliva
flow, i.e., to make the mouth water,
stimulate the appetite; ‫( اليجف له ريق‬yajiffu)
be is untiring (in speaking), he talks
incessantly
‫ ريق‬rayyiq: ‫ في ريق الشباب‬r. iš-šabāb in
the full bloom of youth
2
‫ )رال )ريل‬rāla i and II to slobber, slaver, drool
‫ مريلة‬maryala (string) apron
‫ مريول‬maryūl bib
2
‫ ﷼‬look up alphabetically
1
‫ )رام )ريم‬rāma i (raim) to go away, move,
budge; to leave (‫ ھـ‬a place) │‫ما رام مكانه‬
٣٧١ (makānahū) not to budge, not to
move from the spot II to stay, remain (
‫ بالمكان‬at the place); (eg.) to bluff (‫ على‬s.o.)
‫ ريم‬rīm (eg.) froth, foam
‫ ترييم‬taryīm (eg.) swaggering, bluffing,
swindle
2
‫ريم‬rīm (= ‫ )رئم‬addax, white antelope
1
‫)ران )رين‬rāna i to take possession (‫ على‬or ‫ ھـ‬of
s.th.), seize, overcome (‫ ب‬،‫ على‬or ‫ ه‬s.o.,
said of passion); to descend or come upon
s.th. (‫ ;)على‬to reign, prevail (‫ على‬in, e.g.,
silence in a room)
2
‫ريان‬, f. ‫ ريا‬see ‫روي‬
3
‫ ريان‬look up alphabetically
‫ز‬
‫ زاء‬zā’ name of the letter ‫ز‬
‫ زاؤوق‬zā’ūq quicksilver, mercury
‫ زئبق‬zi’baq quicksilver, mercury
‫ زاج‬zāj vitriol
‫ زاجورا‬zāgōra Zagora, a brand of Egyptian
cotton
‫ زأر‬za’ara a (za’r, ‫ زئير‬za’īr) to roar, bellow
‫ زئير‬za’īr roaring, roar, bellowing
‫ زأط‬za’aṭ a (‫ زئاط‬zi’āṭ) to clamor, be vociferous
‫ زاغ‬zāg pl. ‫ زيغان‬zīgān crow
‫ موت زؤام‬maut zu‘āam a sudden or violent
death
1
‫ زؤان‬zu’ān darnel (Lolium temulentum; bot.)
2
‫( زان‬syr., eg.) beech │‫ ثمر زان‬tamar z.
beechnuts
‫ زانة‬zāna pl. -āt spear; pole │(‫الوثب )القفز‬
‫ بالزانة‬al-watb (al-qafz) bi-z-z. pole
vaulting (athlet.)
‫ زاووق‬zāwūq quicksilver, mercury
‫ زاي‬zāy name of the letter ‫ز‬
‫ زب‬zubb pl. ‫ ازباب‬azbāb penis
‫ زبيب‬zabīb (coll.; n. un. ‫ )ة‬dried grapes,
raisins; (eg.) a strong colorless liquor
made of raisins, milky white when diluted
with water
‫ ازب‬azabb2, f. ‫ زباء‬zabbā’2, pl. ‫ زب‬zubb
hairy, hirsute, shaggy
‫ زبد‬zabada a to chum (‫ ھـ‬milk) II to foam,
froth, cream (milk) IV to froth, become
foamy, foam (also, with rage)
‫ زبد‬zabad pl. ‫ ازباد‬azbād foam, froth;
dross │ ‫ زبد البحر‬z. al-baḥr meerschaum
‫ زبدة‬zubda (fresh) butter (as opposed to
‫ سمن‬samn); cream; -- (pl. ‫ زبد‬zubad)
choicest part, prime, cream, flower, elite;
 extract, quintessence; essence, substance;
gist, main point
‫ زبدية‬zabdīya pl. ‫ زبادي‬zabādīy bowl
‫ زباد‬zabād civet │ ‫ سنور الزباد‬sinnūr az-
z. civet cat
‫ زبادي‬zabādī and ‫( لبن زبادي‬laban)
curdled milk (eg.)
‫ مزبد‬mizbad, ‫ مزبدة‬mizbada pl. ‫مزابد‬
mazābid2 churn
‫ زبر‬zabara u i to scold (‫ ه‬s.o.)
‫ زبر‬zubr penis
‫ زبرة‬zubra pl. ‫ زبر‬zubar piece of iron
‫ زبور‬zabūr (Book of) Psalms, Psalter
‫ زبرج‬zibrij ornament, ornamentation,
decoration, embellishment
‫ زبرجد‬zabarjad chrysolite (min.)
‫ زبط‬zabaṭa i (zabṭ) to quack (duck)
‫ زبط‬zabaṭ (eg.) mud, mire
‫ زباطة‬zubāṭa (eg.) bunch of dates
2
‫ زوبعة‬zauba‘a pl. ‫ زوابع‬zawābi‘ storm,
hurricane
‫ زبق‬zabaqa u i (zabq) to tear out, pluck out (‫ھـ‬
hair) VII to slip in
‫ زبل‬II to dung, manure
‫ زبل‬zibl, ‫ زبلة‬zibla dung, manure
‫ زبال‬zabbāl street sweeper; garbage
collector
‫ زبالة‬zubāla refuse, rubbish, garbage,
sweepings
‫ مزبلة‬mazbala, mazbula pl. ‫مزابل‬
mazābil2 dunghill; garbage can
‫ زبون‬zabūn kicking (camel); hot, fierce, cruel
(battle); stupid, foolish; fool; -- (pl. ‫زبائن‬
zabā’in2) customer, client, buyer; guest (of
a hotel, end the like) │ ‫ زبون دائم‬patron,
regular customer
‫ زبون‬zubūn undergarment (nejd, ir.)
‫ زبانة‬zibāna clientele, patronage,
custom
‫ زبانى‬zubānā pedipalpus or claw of a
scorpion, of a crayfish (usually dual: ‫زبانيا‬
‫)العقرب‬
‫ زبانية‬zabāniya myrmidons; engels who
thrust the damned into Hell
‫ زبية‬zubya pl. ‫ زبى‬zuban elevated place above
the waterline │‫ بلغ السيل الزبى‬balaga s-sailu
z-zubā the matter reached a climax, things
came to a head
‫ زت‬zatta (syr.) to throw
‫ زج‬zajja (1st pers. perf. zajajtu) u (zajj) to
throw, hurl (‫ ھـ‬s.th.); to push, shove, urge,
drive (‫ ب‬or ‫ ه‬،‫ ھـ‬s.o. or s.th.); to press,
squeeze, force, cram (‫ ب‬or ‫ ه‬،‫ ھـ‬s.o. or
s.th., ‫ في‬into) │‫( زج به في السجن‬zujja, sijn)
he was thrown into prison II to pencil (
‫ الحاجبين‬al-ḥājibain the eyebrows); to
glaze, coat with glass (‫ ھـ‬s.th.); to enamel (
‫ ھـ‬s.th.)
‫ زج‬zujj pl. ‫ زجاج‬zijāj ferrule;
arrowhead; spearhead
‫ ازج‬azajj2, f. ‫ زجاء‬zajjā’, pl. ‫ زج‬zujj
having beautifully arched eyebrows
‫ زجاج‬zujāj glass (as substance)
‫ زجاجة‬zujāja (u. un.) pl. -āt piece of
glass; (glass) bottle, flask; (drinking)
glass, tumbler
‫ زجاجي‬zujājī glass (adj.), glassy,
vitreous
‫ زجاج‬zajjāj glazier
‫ مزجج‬muzajjaj glazed, enameled;
‫ مزججات‬and ‫ مصنوعات مزججة‬enameled ware
‫ زجر‬zajara u (zajr) to drive back, drive away;
to hold back, restrain, prevent (‫ عن ه‬s.o.
from); to rebuke, scold, upbraid (‫ ه‬s.o.)
VII and VIII ‫ ازدجر‬izdajara pass. of I
‫ زجر‬zajr forcible prevention;
suppression (of customs, abuses, crimes);
rebuke, reprimand
‫ زجري‬zajrī reformatory, penitentiary
(adj.) │‫( معھد زجري‬ma‘had) reformatory,
reform school
‫ مزجر‬mazjar: ‫ قعد منه مزجر الكلب‬qa‘ada
minhu mazjara l-kalb to sit at a fitting
distance from s.o.
‫ زاجر‬zājir handicap, impediment,
obstacle
‫ زاجرة‬zājira pl. ‫ زواجر‬zawājir2 check,
curb; restriction, limitation
‫ زجل‬zajala u (zajl) to let go, release (‫ ھـ‬a
carrier pigeon) 373
‫ زجل‬zajal pl. ‫ ازجال‬azjāl popular Arabic
poem in strophic form; soft humming
sound produced by the jinn at night
‫ زجال‬zajjāl reciter of azjal (see above)
‫ حمام الزاجل‬ḥamām az-zājil carrier
pigeon, homing pigeon
‫ )زجا )يزجو‬zajā u to drive, urge on (‫ ھـ‬،‫ ه‬s.th.,
s.o.); to squeeze, press, force, cram (‫ ھـ‬،‫ه‬
s.th., s.o., ‫ في‬into) II to shove, push (‫ھـ‬
s.th., ‫ ه‬s.o.); to drive, urge on (‫ ھـ‬s.th., ‫ه‬
s.o.); to jostle, crowd, cram, jam (‫ ھـ‬،‫ه‬
s.th., s.o., ‫ الى‬into); to take or bring
(forcibly) (‫ ه‬،‫ ھـ الى‬s.o., s.th. into); to make
(‫ ھـ‬time) pass; to pass, spend (‫ ھـ‬time) IV
to shove, push (‫ ھـ‬s.th., ‫ ه‬s.o.); to drive,
urge on (‫ ھـ‬s.th., ‫ ه‬s.o.); to jostle, crowd,
cram, jam (‫ ھـ‬،‫ ه‬s.th., s.o., ‫ الى‬into); to take
or bring (forcibly) (‫ ه‬،‫ الى ھـ‬s.o., s.th. into);
to make pass, while away (‫ ھـ‬time); to
extend (‫ ھـ ل‬s.th. to s.o.; greetings,
compliments, thanks); to bestow (‫ ھـ ل‬s.th.
on s.o.; e.g., praise) │‫ازجى الى الذھن ان‬
(dihn) to suggest (the idea or assumption)
that ...
‫ مزجى‬muzjan little, scanty, paltry,
trivial, insignificant
‫ زحر‬zaḥara a i (‫ زحير‬zaḥīr, ‫ زحار‬zuḥār) to
groan, moan
‫ زحير‬zaḥīr, groan, moan(s)
‫ زحار‬zuḥār, groan, moan(s); dysentery
(med.)
‫ زحزح‬zaḥzaḥa (‫ زحزحة‬zaḥzaḥa) to move (‫ھـ‬
s.th., from its place); to tear, rip (‫ ھـ عن‬s.th.
off) II tazaḥzaḥa to budge, move(‫ عن‬away
from)
‫ زحف‬zaḥafa a (zaḥf) to crawl, creep on the
ground; to crawl about; to advance
(army); to march, be on the march (‫على‬
‫ زخة‬zakka pl. -āt downpour, heavy shower
against or toward)
‫ زخر‬zakara a (zakr, ‫ زخور‬zukūr) to swell, rise
‫ زحف‬zaḥf advance, march (of an army);
(pl. ‫ زحوف‬zuḥūf) soldiery, army
‫ زحف‬creeping, crawling
‫ زحافة‬zaḥḥāfa pl. -āt reptile; implement
for leveling the ground, leveler; ski
‫ زاحف‬zāḥif creeping, crawling; pl.
‫ زواحف‬zawāḥif2 reptiles
‫ زحل‬zaḥala a (zaḥl, ‫ زحول‬zuḥūl) to move away,
withdraw, retire (‫ عن‬from a place) II to
remove (‫ ه‬،‫ ھـ‬s.o., s.th.) V = I
‫ زحل‬zuḥal2 the planet Saturn
‫ زحلقة‬zaḥlaqa to roll, slide (‫ ھـ‬s.th.) II
tazaḥlaqa to glide, slide, slip, skid
‫ زحلقة‬zaḥlaqa: ‫ ميدان الزحلقة‬maidān az-z.
skating rink
‫ تزحلق‬tazaḥluq skating; sikiing
‫ زحالوي‬zaḥlāwī from Zaḥle (Lebanon), made
in Zaḥle (e.g., arrack)
‫ زحم‬zaḥama a (zaḥm) to push, shove, hustle,
jostle, crowd, press, beset (‫ ه‬s.o.) III to
push, shove, hustle, jostle, crowd, press,
beset (‫ ه‬s.o.); to compete, vie (‫ ه‬with s.o.)
VI to press together, crowd together,
mill .bout; to be closely packed lei in); to
compete with one another VIII ‫ازدحم‬
izdaḥama to be crowded, teem, swarm (‫ب‬
with); to jostle, crowd together, mill about
(e.g., people)
‫ زحمة‬zaḥma crush, jam; crowd, throng
‫ زحام‬ziḥām crush, jam; crowd, throng
‫ مزاحمة‬muzāḥama pl. -āt competition;
rivalry │‫( ال يقبل المزاحمة‬yaqbalu)
unrivaled, matchless without competition
‫ تزاحم‬tazāḥum (mutual) competition
‫ ازدحام‬izdiḥām crowd, crush, jam; over-
crowdedness
‫ مزاحم‬muzāḥim pl. -ūn competitor; rival
‫ مزاحمة‬muzāḥima (female) rival
‫ مزدحم‬muzdaḥim overcrowded, packed,
jammed; teeming, swarming, crowded,
crammed (‫ ب‬with); -- muzdaḥam crowd,
crush, jam 374
(e.g., river); to be overfull, brimful (‫ ب‬of);
to boast (‫ ب‬of s.th.), vaunt (‫ ب‬s.th.) V to
swell; to rise; to abound (‫ ب‬in), be full (‫ب‬
of)
‫ زاخر‬zākir and ‫ زخار‬zakkār full,
brimful, filled to overflowing; abounding
 in water (seas); excessive, profuse;
exuberant (feeling)
‫ زخرف‬zakrafa to adorn, embellish, decorate,
ornament (‫ ھـ‬s.th.) II tazakrafa to adorn
o.s.; to be embellished, ornamented
‫ زخرف‬zukruf pl. ‫ زخارف‬zakārif
decoration, ornament, embellishment;
makeup, getup (e.g., of a book); vain,
trifling finery │ ‫( زخارف لفظية‬lafẓīya)
flowers of speech, rhetorical flourishes;
‫ زخارف الدنيا‬z. ad-dunyā the vanities of this
world
‫ زخرفة‬zakrafa pl. -āt decoration (also
stage decoration); ornamentation
‫ زخرفي‬zukrufī ornamental, decorative
‫ مزخرف‬muzakrif interior decorator; --
muzakraf embellished, ornamented │‫الخط‬
‫( الكوفي المزخرف‬al-kaṭṭ al-kūfī) floriated
Kufic writing
‫ زخم‬zakama a (zakm) to throat back (‫ ه‬s.o.); --
zakima a (zakam) to stink
‫ زخم‬zakim stinking
‫ ازخم‬azkam2 stinking
‫ زخمة‬zakma plectrum
‫ زخمة‬zakama stench
‫ زر‬zarra u to button, button up (‫ ھـ‬s.th.); to
screw, contort (‫‘ عينه‬ainahū one’s eye) II
to button, button up (‫ ھـ‬s.th.)
‫ زر‬zirr pl. ‫ ازرار‬azrār, ‫ زرور‬zurūr
button; push button; knob, pommel; bud
(of a plant); tassel (of the tarboosh, etc.)
‫ زرب‬zariba a to flow (water) II to pen, corral (
‫ ھـ‬livestock)
‫ زربية‬zurbīya, zirbīya pl. ‫ زرابى‬zarābīy
carpet, rug
‫ زريبة‬zarība pl. ‫ زرائب‬zarā’ib2 zareba,
cattle pen, corral, stockade, fold; (cattle)
barn; (North Af.) hut made of branches
‫ زاروب‬zārūb pl. ‫ زوارب‬zawārib2 a long,
narrow lane
‫ مزراب‬mizrāb pl. ‫ مزاريب‬mazārīb2 spout
2
‫ زربول‬zarbūl pl. ‫ زرابيل‬zarābīl and ‫زربون‬
zarbūn pl. ‫ زرابين‬zarābīn a kind of shoe
‫ زرد‬zarada u (zard) to choke (‫ ه‬s.o.). strangle (
‫ ھـ‬s.o.’s neck); to gulp, swallow, devour (
‫ ھـ‬s.th.) VIII ‫ ازدرد‬izdarada to swallow (‫ھـ‬
s.th.)
‫ زردة‬zarda sweet dish made of rice and
honey
‫ زرد‬zard pl. ‫ زرود‬zarūd chain mail, coat
of mail │‫ حمار الزرد‬zebra
‫ زردة‬zarada chain link
‫ زردية‬zardīya pliers
‫ مزرد‬mazrad throat, gullet
‫ زرزر‬zarzara to chirp
‫ زرزر‬zurzur and ‫ زرزور‬zurzūr pl. ‫زرازير‬
zarāzīr2 starling (zool.)
‫ زرزوري‬zurzūrī gray with white spots
(horse)
‫ زرع‬zara‘a a (zar‘) to sow (‫ ھـ‬s.th.); to spread,
scatter (‫ ھـ‬s.th.); to plant, raise, grow (‫ھـ‬
plants); to till, cultivate (‫ األرض‬al-arḍa
land); to lay (‫ لغما‬lugman mine) VII pass.
of I; VIII ‫ ازدرع‬izdara‘a to sow
‫ زرع‬sowing; (pl. ‫ زروع‬zurū‘) seed;
young standing crop, green crop;
plantation; field(s) │ ‫( الزرع والضرع‬ḍar‘)
agriculture and stock farming
‫ زراعة‬zirā‘a agriculture; tilling, tillage;
cultivation (of land); growing, raising (of
crops); farming │ ‫ زراعة البساتين‬horticulture
375
‫ زراعي‬zirā‘ī agricultural, agrarian,
farm- (in compounds) │‫( ارض زراعية‬arḍ)
arable land; ‫ طريق زراعي‬field path, dirt
road
‫ زريعة‬zarī‘a that whicb is sown or
planted; crop
‫ زراع‬zarrā‘ pl. ‫ة‬, -ūn peasant, farmer;
planter
‫ مزرع‬mazra‘ (arable) land
‫ مزرعة‬mazra‘a pl. ‫ مزارع‬mazāri‘ field
under cultivation; farm; plantation;
country estate
‫ مزرعاني‬mazra‘ānī farmer
‫ مزارعة‬muzāra‘a temporary
sharecropping contract (īsl. Law)
‫ زارع‬zāri‘ pl. ‫ زراع‬zurrā‘ seedsman,
sower; peasant; farmer; planter
‫ مزروع‬mazrū‘ cultivated, planted
 ‫ مزروعة‬mazrū‘a pl. -āt young standing
crop, green crop
‫ مزارع‬muzāri‘ pl. -ūn peasant, farmer;
agronomist
‫ زرافة‬zarāfa pl. -āt body, group, cluster (of
people) │‫ زرافات ووحدانا‬see ‫واحد‬
‫ زرافة‬zarāfa, zurāfa pl. ‫ زرافى‬zarāfā,
zurāfā, ‫ زرائف‬zarā’if2 giraffe
2
‫ زرق‬zaraqa u i (= ‫ )ذرق‬to drop excrement
(bird); -- zaraqa u (zarq) to hit, pierce (‫ب ه‬
s.o. with); to jab, bore (‫ ه‬،‫ ھـ‬into s.o. or
s.th.); to throw, hurl (‫ ھـ‬s.th.)
‫ زرق‬zarq: ‫ زرق اإلبر‬z. al-ibar injections,
injectings
‫ مزراق‬mizrāq pl. ‫ مزاريق‬mazāriq2 javelin
2
‫ زرق‬zariqa a (zaraq) and IX to be blue
‫ زرق‬zaraq blue, blueness, blue color; O
‫ زعج‬za‘aja a and IV to disturb (‫ ه‬s.o.); to
glaucoma (med.)
‫ زرقة‬zurqa blue, blueness, blue color; O
cyanosis
‫ ازرق‬azraq2, f. ‫ زرقاء‬zarqā’2, pl. ‫زرق‬
zurq blue; dark-colored; ‫ الزرقاء‬the blue
sky, the blue
‫ ازرقاق‬izriqāq blueness, blue │‫داء‬
‫ االزرقاق‬dā’ al-izriqāq cyanosis
2
‫ زورق‬look up alphabetically
‫ زرقون‬zarqūn a bright red
‫ زركش‬zarkaša to embellish with brocade
embroidery; to adorn, embellish, decorate,
ornament (‫ ھـ‬s.th.)
‫ زركش‬zarkaš brocade, gold and silver
embroidery
‫ مزركش‬muzarkaš embellished with
brocade embroidery, brocaded;
embroidered (‫ ب‬with silver and gold
thread); embroidered; embellished,
decorated, ornamented │ ‫القلم المزركش‬
(qalam) ornamental writing
‫ زرنيخ‬zirnīk, zarnik arsenic
‫ زرى‬zarā i (‫ زراية‬zirāya) to rebuke, scold,
upbraid (‫ على‬s.o.), find fault (‫ ھـ على‬with
s.o. because of s.th.); to revile, disparage (
‫ ب‬or J- s.0.), detract (‫ ب‬or ‫ على‬from) IV to
derogate, detract (‫ ب‬from s.o. or s.th.),
belittle, ridicule (‫ ب‬s.o. or s.th.) V = I;
VIII ‫ ازدرى‬izdarā to slight (‫ ب‬or ‫ ه‬،‫ ھـ‬s.o.,
s.th.), make light, think little (‫ ب‬or ‫ ه‬،‫ھـ‬
of), defy (‫ ب‬or ‫ ھـ‬e.g., danger) X = VIII
‫ زرى‬zarīy bad, poor, miserable,
despicable, contemptible
‫ زراية‬zirāya contempt, disdain;
revilement, disparagement
‫ ازراء‬izrā’ contempt, disregard
‫ ازدراء‬izdirā’ contempt, disdain, scorn
‫ مزرى‬muzran despicable, contemptible
‫ زعبر‬za‘bara to deceive, cheat (‫ على‬s.o.)
‫ زعبوط‬za‘abūṭ pl. ‫ زعابيط‬za‘ābīṭ2 a woolen
fabric; woolen garment with a low
neckline, worn esp. by the fellahin (eg.)
376
‫ زعتر‬za‘tar = ‫سعتر‬
trouble, inconvenience, molest, pester,
harass (‫ ه‬s.o.); to disquiet, alarm make
uneasy, upset (. s.o.); to stir up (‫ ه‬s.o. ‫ من‬or
‫ عن‬from a place), rouse (‫ من‬or ‫ ه عن‬s.o.
from a state. e.g., from sleep, etc.), drive (
‫ من‬or ‫ ه عن‬s.o. from) VII to be stirred up,
be roused; to be alarmed (‫ من‬by or at), feel
uneasy (‫ من‬about s.th.)
‫ زعج‬za‘aj uneasiness, unrest
‫ ازعاج‬iz‘āj disturbance
‫ انزعاج‬inzi‘āj inconvenience, trouble,
discomfort; disturbance, confusion
‫ مزعج‬muz‘aj annoying, troublesome,
irksome, inconvenient, unpleasant;
harrying; disquieting; unsettling; pl.
‫ مزعجات‬troubles, discomforts
‫ زعر‬za‘ir thin-haired
‫ ازعر‬az‘ar 2, f. ‫ زعراء‬za‘rā’ thin-haired;
tailless
‫ ازعر‬az‘ar pl. ‫ زعران‬za‘rān (leb., pal.)
highwayman, brigand; crook, scoundrel
‫ زعارة‬za‘āra maliciousness, meanness
‫ زعرور‬zū‘rūr pl. ‫ زعارير‬za‘ārīr2 ill-
tempered, peevish, testy, irascible;
azarole, Neapolitan medlar (Crataegus
azarolus; bot.)
‫ زعزع‬za‘za‘a to shake violently, convulse,
rock (‫ ھـ‬s.th.); to shake, upset (‫ ھـ‬e.g., a
 resolve, a belief, etc.) II taza‘zaa to be
convulsed; to work loose, wobble, be
loose; to shake, rock, totter │‫ال يتزعزع‬
unshakable
‫ ريح زعزع‬rīḥ za‘za‘ and ‫ريح زعزعان‬
(za‘za‘ān) violent gale, hurricane
‫ زعزعة‬za‘za‘a pl. ‫ زعازع‬convulsion,
shock, concussion
‫ زعزوع‬za‘zū‘ lean, skinny, lanky,
spindling
‫ مزعزع‬muza‘za‘ convulsed, shocked;
upset, disorganized; tottering, shaky,
wobbly, unsteady, precarious
‫ متزعزع‬mutaza‘zi‘ unsteady, shaky,
wobbly, precarious; tottering, rocking;
fickle, uncertain, changeable
‫ زعط‬za‘aṭa (za‘ṭ) to drive away
‫ زعف‬za‘afa a (za‘f) to kill instantly (‫ ه‬s.o.) IV
do.
‫ سم زعاف‬samm zi‘āf a rapidly killing,
deadly poison
‫ زعفران‬za‘farān saffron
‫ زعق‬za‘aqa a (za‘q) to cry, yell, shriek,
scream
‫ زعق‬za‘q clamor, shouting, crying,
screaming, yelling
‫ زعقة‬za‘qa pl. za‘aqāt cry, outcry, yell,
scream, shriek
‫ زعيق‬za‘īq clamor, shouting, crying,
screaming, yelling
‫ زعل‬za‘ila a (za‘al) to be bored, be fed up (‫من‬
with s.th.), be tired (‫ من‬of); to be annoyed,
angry II to annoy, vex (‫ ه‬s.o.) IV to
trouble, annoy (‫ ه‬s.o.)
‫ زعل‬za‘al displeasure, annoyance,
irritation, vexation
‫ زعل‬za‘il annoyed, angry, vexed, put
out
‫ زعالن‬za‘lān2 annoyed, angry, vexed,
put out
‫ زاعولة‬zā‘ūla annoyance, anger,
irritation) vexation
‫ زعم‬za‘ama u (za‘m) to maintain, allege,
claim, pretend (‫ ان‬that), declare (‫ ل ان‬to
s.o. that); to believe; to take (‫ ه ھـ‬s.o. for or
to be ...), regard (‫ ه ھـ‬s.o. as); │ ‫ زعم لنفسه‬to
claim for o.s. (‫ ھـ‬s.th.) V to set o.s. up as
leader; to 377 be the leader (‫ ه‬of), lead,
command (‫ ھـ‬a body of soldier, or the
like); to pretend to be the leader, pose as
leader, be bossy
‫ زعم‬za‘m allegation, claim │‫ في زعمھم‬as
they claim, III they say
‫ زعيم‬za‘īm, pl. ‫ زعماء‬zu‘amā’2 leader;
ringleader; colonel (Ir. 1922); brigadier
general (mil.; formerly syr.); guarantor (‫ب‬
of)
‫ زعامة‬za‘āma leadership; leading
position in politics
‫ مزاعم‬mazā‘im2 allegation; claims,
pretensions; assumptions, conjectures
‫ مزعوم‬maz‘ūm pretended, claimed;
alleged, so-called
‫ زعنفة‬zi‘nifa pl. ‫ زعانف‬za‘ānif2, horde, pack,
mob, rabble, rifraff; low hue, mean;
pl. fins (of fish); flippers (of whale,
seal, and the like)
‫ زغب‬zagab down, lid, fuzz
‫ زغب‬zagib downy, fluffy, fuzzy,
covered with fuzz
‫ ازغب‬azgab2 downy, fluffy, fuzzy,
covered with fuzz
‫ زغبر‬zagbar nap (of a fabric) │ ‫اخذ بزغبره‬he
took all of it
‫ زغد‬zagada a to nudge, poke (‫ ه‬s.o.)
‫ زغر‬zagara a (eg.) to eye (‫ الى‬or ‫ ل‬s.th., s.o.),
lear (‫ الى‬or ‫ ل‬at)
‫ زغرد‬zagrada (‫ زغردة‬zagrada) to utter shrill,
long-drawn and trilling sounds (as a
manifestation of joy by Arab women)
‫ زغاريد‬zagārīd2 shrill, trilling cries of
joy (of women)
‫ زغرط‬zagraṭa = ‫زغرد‬
‫ زغاريط‬zagārīṭ2 = ‫زغاريد‬
‫ زغزغ‬zagzaga to hide, conceal (‫ ھـ‬s.th.); (eg.)
to tickle (‫ ه‬s.o.)
‫ زغطة‬zuguṭṭa (eg.) hiccup
‫ زغل‬zagala a (zag,) to pour out (‫ ھـ‬s.th.); to
counterfeit (‫ ھـ‬e.g., coins), adulterate,
debase (‫ ھـ‬s.th.)
 ‫ زغل‬zagal counterfeit money
‫ مزغل‬mazgal pl. ‫ مزاغل‬mazāgil2
loophole, embrasure
‫ زغلل‬zuglala to dazzIe (‫ النظر‬an-naẓar the
eyes)
‫ زغلول‬zuglūl pl. ‫ زغاليل‬zagālīl2 baby,
infant; zaglūl (eg.) squab, young pigeon
st
‫ زف‬zaffa (1 pers. perf. zafaftu) i (zaff, ‫زفوف‬
zufūf) to hurry; -- u (zaff, ‫ زفاف‬zifāf) to
conduct in solemn procession (‫ ھا‬the
bride, ‫ على‬or ‫ الى‬to the bridegroom); pass.
‫ زفت الى‬zuffat ilā to be married off to, be
given in marriage to; to conduct in solemn
procession to her new home (‫ ھا‬the bride,
also said of the bridegroom); to inform (
‫ الى‬s.o., ‫ ھـ‬of s.th.), tell (‫ الى ھـ‬s.th. to s.o.)
│‫( زف البشرى الى‬bušrā) to bring glad
tidings to
‫ زفة‬zaffa procession (of people),
wedding procession; -- one time; ‫زفة‬
zaffatan once (= marratan)
‫ زفاف‬zifāf wedding, wedding ceremony
│‫ ليلة الزفاف‬lailat az-z. wedding night
‫ زفوف‬zafūf ostrich; fleet, swift (camel)
‫ زفيف‬zafīf sough(ing) (of the wind)
‫ مزفة‬mizaffa bridal sedan
‫ زفت‬II to smear with pitch, to pitch; to asphalt
(‫ ھـ‬a road)
‫ زفت‬zift pitch; asphalt │‫زفت وقطران‬
(qaṭrān) (lit., pitch and tar) unpleasant,
annoying, awkward; damned (bad luck)!
O ‫ مزفتة‬mizfata pl. ‫ مزافت‬mazāfit2
asphalting machine
‫ تزفيت‬tazfīt asphalting
2
‫ زفر‬zafara i (zafr, ‫ زفير‬zafīr) to sigh
deeply, heave deep sighs; to pant, groan,
moan; 378 to blow off, exhaust, puff out (
‫ ھـ‬air, breath)
‫ زفرة‬zafra pl. zafarāt sigh, moan
‫ زفير‬zafīr exhaling, exhalation,
expiration; sighing, moaning, moans; see
also alphabetically
2
‫ زفر‬II to soil with grease begrime (‫ ھـ‬s.th.)
‫ زفر‬zafar grease, greasy food │‫ثالثاء‬
‫ الزفر‬talātā’ az-z. Mardi Gras, Shrove
Tuesday (Chr.)
‫ زفر‬zafir greasy; grimy; unclean, dirty,
filthy; stinking, rancid, rank
‫ زفزفة‬zafzafa soughing, whistling (of the wind)
‫ زفن‬zafana i to dance, gambol
‫ زفير‬zafīr zephyr cloth
‫ زق‬zaqqa u (zaqq) to feed (‫ ھـ‬its young ones;
of a bird)
‫ زق‬ziqq pl. ‫ ازقاق‬azqāq, ‫ زقاق‬ziqāq, ‫زقان‬
zuqqān skin (as a receptacle)
‫ زقاق‬zuqāq m. and f., pl. ‫ ازقة‬aziqqa
lane, alley; strait, corridor (geogr.)
‫ زقزق‬zaqzaqa (‫ زقزقة‬zaqzaqa) to peep, chirp,
cheep; to feed (‫ ھـ‬its young ones; of a
bird); to dandle, rock in one’s arms (‫ ه‬a
child)
‫ زقزاق‬zaqzāq pewit, lapwing
‫ الزقازق‬az-zaqāzīq2 Zagazig (city in N
Egypt)
1
‫ زقلة‬zuqla and ‫ زقلية‬zuqlīya (eg.) club, cudgel,
truncheon
2
‫ زقيلة‬zaqīla pl. ‫ زقائل‬zaqā’il2 narrow road, path,
trail
‫ زقم‬zaqama u (zaqm) to swallow gulp, gobble (
‫ ھـ‬food) IV to make (‫ ه‬s.o.) swallow or
gulp down (‫ ھـ‬s.th.) VIII ‫ ازدقم‬izdaqama =
I
‫ زقوم‬zaqqūm zaqqum, an infernal tree
with exceedingly bitter fruit, mentioned in
the Koran
‫ )زقا )زقو‬zaqā u to cry, crow, peep, cheep
‫ زقاء‬zuqā’ crowing (of a rooster)
‫ زكب‬zakaba u (‫ زكوب‬zukūb) to fill up, fill (‫ھـ‬
s.th.)
‫ زكيبة‬zakība pl. ‫ زكائب‬zakā’ib2 (eg.)
sack, bag, gunny sack
‫ زكرة‬zukra pl. ‫ زكر‬zukar small (wine)skin; -- a
wind instrument resembling the oboe
(tun.)
‫ زكم‬pass. zukima to catch a cold
‫ زكام‬zukām (common) cold, catarrh
‫ زكمة‬zakma (common) cold, catarrh
 ‫ زكانة‬zakāna flair; intuition
(‫ زكو‬and ‫ زكى( زكا‬zakā u (‫ زكاء‬zakā’) to thrive;
to grow, increase; to be pure in heart, be
just, righteous, good; to be fit, suitable (‫ب‬
for s.o.), befit (‫ ب‬s.o.); --zakiya a to grow,
increase II to increase, augment, make
grow (‫ ھـ‬s.th.); to purify, chasten (‫ ھـ‬s.th.);
to justify, vindicate (‫ ه‬s.o.), vouch for, or
bear witness to, s.o.’s (‫ )ه‬integrity, declare
(‫ ه‬s.o.) honest, upright or just, attest the
honorable record of s.o. (‫ ;)ه‬to attest the
truth, validity or credibility of s.th. (‫ ;)ھـ‬to
command, praise (‫ ه‬s.o.); to recommend
IV to cause to grow; to grow (‫ ھـ‬s.th.) V to
be purified, be chastened
‫ زكي‬zakīy pl. ‫ ازكياء‬azkiyā’2 pure;
chaste; guiltless, blameless, sinless; also =
‫ ذكي‬dakīy, e.g., ‫)رائحة زكية‬
‫ زكاء‬zakā’ growth; (moral) purity,
integrity, honesty, righteousness
(‫ زكوة( زكاة‬zakāh pl. ‫ زكا‬zakan, ‫زكوات‬
zakawāt purity; justness, integrity,
honesty; justification, vindication; alms-
379 giving, alms, charity; alms tax (Isl.
Law) │‫ زكاة الفطر‬z. al-fiṭr obligatory
donation of foodstuffs required at the end
of Ramadan, the month of fasting
‫ ازكى‬azkā purer; more befitting, more
appropriate; better
‫ تزكية‬tazkiya purification, chastening;
pronouncement of s.o.’s integrity or
credibility; attentation of (a witness’)
honorable record (Isl. Law)
‫ زل‬zalla (1st pers. perf. zalaltu) i (zall) and zalla
(1st pers. perf. zaliltu) a (‫ زلل‬zalal) to slip;
to make a mistake, commit an error, a slip;
to slide off s.o. (‫)عن‬, fail to affect s.o. (‫;عن‬
said of evil) IV to cause (‫ ه‬s.o.) to slip; to
make (‫ ه‬s.o.) stumble or trip
‫ زل‬zall a kind of reed (syr.)
‫ زلة‬zalla slip, lapse │ ‫ زلة اللسان‬z. lisān
slip of the tongue
‫ زل‬zalal slip, slipping; lapse; mistake,
error, oversight
‫ زالل‬zulāl cold water ‫ زالل البيض‬z. al-
baiḍ white of egg, albumen
‫ زاللي‬zulālī albuminous; ‫زالليات‬
zulālīyāt proteins │‫( مواد زاللية‬mawādd2)
proteins
‫ زالبية‬zalābiya pl. -āt a kind of doughnut
cooked in oil and sprinkled with sugar
1
‫ زلج‬zalaja a (‫ زلوج‬zulūj) and zalija a to slip; to
slide along, glide along V do. │‫تزلج على‬
‫( الثلج‬talj) to skate VII = V
‫ زلج‬zalj slippery
‫ زليج‬zalīj slippery
‫ مزلج‬mizlaj pl. ‫ مزالج‬mazālij2 skate
‫ مزالج‬mizlāj pl. ‫ مزاليج‬mazālīj2 (sliding)
bolt (on a door)
2
‫ زليج‬zulaij faïence, ornamental tile
‫ زليجي‬zulaijī faience, ornamental tile
‫ زلزل‬zalzala to shake, rook, convulse,
cause to tremble (‫ ھـ‬،‫ ه‬s.th., s.o.); pass.
zulzila also: to waver, stumble II tazalzala
to quake (earth)
‫ زلزلة‬zalzala pl. ‫ زالزل‬zalāzil earthquake
‫ زلزال‬zalzāl, zilzāl concussion, shock,
convulsion; earthquake
‫ زلط‬zalaṭa u to swallow, gulp down, gobble (‫ھـ‬
s.th.) II to strip, undress (‫ ه‬s.o.) V to
undress, strip
‫ زلط‬zulṭ nakedness, nudity
‫ زلط‬zalaṭ (coll.; n. un. ‫( )ة‬eg.) gravel,
pebbles; road metal, ballast
‫ زلعة‬zal‘a pl. ‫ زلع‬zila‘ (eg.) a kind of tall clay
jar
‫ زلعوم‬zal‘ūm pl. ‫ زالعيم‬zalā‘īm2 gullet, throat
‫ زلف‬zalafa u (zalf, zalaf, ‫ زليف‬zalīf) to
approach (‫ الى‬s.o. or s.th.), advance (‫الى‬
toward), go near II to exaggerate, blow up
(‫ ھـ‬a report, ‫ في‬in) IV to bring near, bring
close (‫ ه‬،‫ ھـ‬s.o., s.th.) V to flatter (‫ الى‬s.o.),
fawn (‫ الى‬upon s.o.), curry favor, ingratiate
o.s. (‫ الى‬with s.o., also ‫ )ل‬VIII ‫ازدلف‬
izdalafa to flatter
‫ زلف‬zalaf servile flattery, sycophancy,
toadyism, bootlicking
‫ زلفة‬zulfa and ‫ زلفى‬zulfā servile flattery,
sycophancy, toadyism, bootlicking
‫ متزلف‬mutazallif sycophant, toady,
bootlicker
‫ زلق‬zaliqa a (zalaq) and zalaqa u (zalq) to
glide, slide; to slip II to make slippery (‫ھـ‬
s.th.); to slip, glide (‫ في ھـ‬s.th. into) IV to
cause (‫ ه‬s.o.) to slip │ ‫( ازلقه ببصره‬bi-
baṣarihī) to look at s.o. sternly or
disapprovingly V and VII to glide, slide;
to skid, slither, slide (‫ الى‬into s.th.), to slip;
to ski; to skate │ ‫( انزلق على الثلج‬talj) 380 to
ski; to skate VII to slip from s.o.’s (‫)عن‬
hand, from s.th. (‫)عن‬
‫ زلق‬zaliq slippery
1
‫زلقة‬zalqa (n. vic.) slip, skid, slideslip
‫ زالقة‬zalāqa slipperiness
‫ زالقة‬zallāqa pl. -āt sleigh, sledge, sled;
toboggan; toboggan chute, sledding
course; gutter, eaves trough
‫ مزلق‬mazlaq pl. ‫ مزالق‬mazāliq2 slippery
spot; slide, chute; esp. pl. treacherous,
perilous ground, pitfalls, dangers, perils
‫ مزلقان‬mazlaqān (dual) (loading) ramp;
gradient, ramp, driveway, access road
‫ مزلق‬mizlaq skate; ‫ مزلقان‬a pair of skates
│ O ‫‘( مزلق ذو عجالت‬ajalāt) roller skate
‫ مزلقة‬mizlaqa pl. ‫ مزالق‬mazāliq2 sleigh,
sledge, sled; toboggan
‫ انزالق‬inzilāq slipping, sliding,
skidding; skiing; skating
‫ منزلق‬munzaliq: ‫ باب منزلق‬sliding door
1
‫ زلم‬zalam pl. ‫ ازالم‬azlām arrow without head
and feathers, used in divination
2
2
‫ زلومة‬zullūma, zallūma pl. ‫ زاللم‬zalālim2 trunk
(of an elephant)
‫ زم‬zamma u (zamm) to tie up, fasten, tighten (
‫ ھـ‬s.th.); to truss up (‫ ھـ‬s.th.) │ ‫( زم بانفه‬bi-
anfihī) to turn up one’s nose, be
supercilious II to bridle (‫ ھـ‬a camel), put
the bridle (‫ ھـ‬on a camel)
‫ زمام‬zimām pl. ‫ ازمة‬azimma camel
halter, nose rope of the camel; rein, bridle;
halter; day hook; register; ground, land │
‫ بزمامه‬under his supervision, under his
direction, ‫ زمام األمر‬z. al-amr reins of
power, ‫ قبض على ازمة األمر‬to hold the reins
of power in one’s hand, be in control of
power, wield power; ‫ تولى زمام الحكم‬tawallā
z. al-ḥukm to seize the reins of power,
‫ زمع‬II end IV to determine (‫ ھـ‬،‫ على‬on), decide,
assume power
‫ زمت‬V to be prim, sedate, staid
‫ زمت‬tazammut primness gravity,
sedateness
‫ متزمت‬mutazammit grave, stern, staid,
sedate (character); prim; narrow-minded
J'!-j zam;ara (;j~j zam;ara) to .oold, to
storm, rage, rave
‫ زمجر‬zamjara (‫ زمجرة‬zamjara) to scold; to
storm, rage, rave
‫ زمر‬zamara i u (zamr, ‫ زمير‬zamīr) to blow,
play (a wind instrument) II do.
‫ زمر‬zamr blowing, playing (of a wind
instrument)
‫ زمر‬zamr pl. ‫ زمور‬zumūr a wind
instrument resembling the shoe; horn (of
an automobile; syr.)
‫ زمرة‬zumra pl. ‫ زمر‬zumar troop; group
(of people); ‫ زمرة دموية‬blood group
‫ زمار‬zammār player (on a wind
instrument), piper
‫ زمارة‬zammāra, zummāra pl. ‫زمامير‬
zamāmīr2 (eg.) a wood-wind instrument
consisting of two pipes, related to the
clarinet; siren │‫ زمارة اإلنذار‬z. al-indār
warning siren
‫ مزمار‬mizmār single-pipe wood-wind
instrument resembling the oboe
‫ مزمور‬mazmūr pl. ‫ مزامير‬mazāmīr2
psalm
‫ ازمير‬izmīr2 Izmir, Smyrna (seaport in W
Turkey)
‫ زمرد‬zumurrud emerald
‫ زمردى‬zumurrudī emerald(-colored)
‫ زمزم‬zamzama to rumble, roll (thunder); to
murmur
‫ زمزم‬zamzam copious, abundant (esp.
water); Zemzem, name of a well in Mecca
‫ زمزمية‬zamzamīya water flasak,
canteen; O thermos bottle
‫ زمزمة‬zamzama pl. ‫ زمازم‬zamāzim2 roll
of thunder; roar of a lion 381
‫ زمط‬zamaṭa to escape, slip away
resolve, be determined (‫ ھـ‬،‫ على‬to do s.th.)
 ‫ مزمع‬muzmi‘ determined, rseolved; --
muzma‘ and ‫ مزمع عليه‬decided; imminent;
forthcoming, prospective │ ‫المؤتمر المزمع‬
‫ عقده في‬... al-mu’tamar al-m. ‘aqduhū fī the
conference which is to be held on (with
following date)
1
‫ زمل‬III to keep (‫ ه‬s.o.) company, be s.o.’s (‫)ه‬
companion, be a colleague or associate (‫ه‬
‫ في‬of s.o. in s.th.); to accompany (‫ ه‬s.o.) VI
to be comrades, be close companions
‫ زملة‬zumla party, company (of people)
‫ زميل‬zamīl pl. ‫ زمالء‬zumalā’2
companion, crony, associate, comrade;
colleague; accomplice
‫ زميلة‬zamiīla pl. -āt (woman)
companion; (woman) colleague; sister
ship
‫ زمالة‬zamāla comradeship;
colleagueship; fellowship │‫زمالة دراسية‬
(dirāsīya) scholarship, stipend (ir.)
2
‫ ازميل‬izmīl pl. ‫ ازاميل‬azāmīl2 chisel
‫ زمن‬zamina a (‫ زمانة‬zamāna) to be chronically
ill IV to stay long, remain (‫ ب‬at a place);
to last long; to be chronic (disease)
‫ زمن‬zaman pl. ‫ ازمان‬azmān time; period,
stretch of time; duration; ‫ زمنا‬zamanan for
some time
‫ زمنة‬zamana period or time
‫ زمن‬zamin, ‫ زمين‬zamīn pl. ‫ زمنى‬zamnā
chronically ill
‫ زمان‬zamān pl. ‫ ازمنة‬azmina time;
duration; fortune, late, destiny │ ‫من زمان‬
for some time (past), for quite a while; ‫على‬
‫ الزمان‬always, ever; ‫ اھل زمانه‬ahl z. his
contemporaries
‫ زمنى‬zamanī temporal, time (adj.);
worldly, earthly; passing, transient,
transitory; secular │‫ الغام زمنية‬mines with
time fuse; ‫( قنبلة زمنية‬qunbula) time bomb
‫ زماني‬zamānī temporal, time; worldly,
earthly; passing, transient, transitory;
secular
‫ زمنية‬zamanīya and ‫ زمانية‬zamānīya
period or time, given time
‫ زمانة‬zamāna chronic illness
‫ مزمن‬muzmin lasting, enduring, long,
lived; old, deep-seated, inveterate; chronic
‫ زمھر‬zamhara to become red, flushed, blood-
shot IV ‫ ازمھر‬izmaharra do.
‫ زمھرير‬zamharīr bitter cold, severe frost
‫ زن‬zanna u (zann) to buzz, drone (insect)
‫ زن‬zann buzz(ing), drone
‫ زنأ‬zana’a to be limited, be restricted, be
confined, be curbed, be suppressed II to
restrict, keep within bounds, beset, harry,
drive in a corner (‫ على‬s.o.)
‫ زنبر‬II tazanbara to display proud, haughty
manners (‫ على‬toward s.o.)
‫ زنبور‬zunbūr pl. ‫ زنابير‬zanābīr2 hornet
‫ زنبرك‬zanbarak, zunburuk, zunburak pl. ‫زنابك‬
(metal) spring; spiral spring; cock (of a
rifle, etc.)
‫ زنبق‬zanbaq (coll.; n. un. ‫ )ة‬pl. ‫ زنابق‬zanābiq2
lily; iris (bot.)
□ ‫ زنبلك‬zanbalik = ‫زنبرك‬
‫ زنبيل‬zanbīl, zinbīl pl. ‫ زناببيل‬zanābīl2 basket
made of palm leaves
‫ زنتاري‬zintārī dysentery
‫ زنج‬zanj, zinj (coll.) pl. ‫ زنوج‬zunūj Negro(es)
‫ زنجي‬zanjī, zinjī Negro (adj. and n.)
‫ زنجبار‬zanjabār Zanzibar (island and seaport of
E African coast) 382
‫ زنجبيل‬zanjabīl ginger
1
‫ زنجر‬zanjara to flip, snap (with the fingers)
2
‫ زنجار‬zinjār verdigris
‫ زنجفر‬zunjufr, zinjafr cinnabar
‫ زنجير‬zinjīr pl. ‫ زناجير‬zanājīr2 chain │‫حساب‬
‫ الزنجير‬double-entry bookkeeping
‫ زنخ‬zanika a (zanak) to turn rancid
‫ زنخ‬zanik rancid, rank
‫ زند‬zand m. and f., pl. ‫ زناد‬zinād, ‫ زنود‬zunūd
stick of a fire drill, a primitive device for
kindling fire; by extension, the whole fire
drill; -- zand, zind (pl. ‫ زنود‬zunūd) ulna
(anat.); forearm
‫ زناد‬zinād pl. ‫ ازند‬aznida fire steel; cock,
hammer (of a rifle, etc.) │ ‫ حجر الزناد‬ḥajar
az-zinād flint
‫ زندق‬II tazandaqa to be a freethinker, an
atheist
‫ زندقة‬zandaqa atheism
‫ زنديق‬zindīq pl. ‫ زنادقة‬zanādiqa zendik,
unbeliever, freethinker, atheist
‫ زنر‬II: ‫( زنر اليه بعينه‬bi-‘ainihī) to glare at s.o.
‫ زنار‬zunnār and ‫ زنارة‬zunnāra pl.
2
‫ زنانير‬zanānīr belt, girdle; sash; band or
rope worn around the waist; cross stripe,
traverse band
‫ زنزانة‬zinzāna pl. -āt prison cell (eg.)
‫ زنلخت‬zanzalakt China tree (Melia azedarach;
bot.)
‫ زنطارية‬zinṭārīya dysentery
‫ زنق‬zanaqa i (rang) to tighten, constrict (‫ھـ‬
s.th.); to hobble (‫ ھـ‬an animal) II to keep
on short rations, scrimp (‫ على‬s.o.), be
stingy, tight-fisted (‫ على‬toward)
‫ زنقة‬zanaqa (magr. zanga) pl. ‫ زنق‬zinaq
narrow street, lane, alley, dead-end street
‫ زنق‬zināq neckband, collar
‫ زنك‬zink zinc
‫ زنمردة‬zanmarda virago, termagant
‫ زنيم‬zanīm low, despised, ignoble, mean;
bastard; stranger, outsider
‫ زنى‬zanā i (‫ زنا‬,‫ زنى‬zinan, ‫ زناء‬zinā’) to commit
adultery, fornicate, whore
‫ زنى‬zinan adultery; fornication
‫ زناء‬zinā’ adultery; fornication
‫ زان‬zānin pl.; ‫ زناة‬zunāh fornicator,
adulterer
‫ زاننية‬zāniya pl. ‫ زوان‬zawānin2 whore,
harlot; adulteress
‫ زھد‬zahada a, zahida a and zahuda u (zuhd) to
abstain (‫ في‬from, also ‫ ھـ‬,‫)عن‬, renounce,
abandon, foresake (‫ في‬s.th., also ‫ ھـ‬،‫)عن‬,
withdraw (‫ ھـ‬،‫ في‬from), refuse to have
anything to do with (‫ ھـ( │ زھد في‬،‫في‬
‫(الدنيا‬dunyā) to renounce pleasure in
worldly things, become an ascetic, lead a
pious, ascetic life II to induce (‫ ه‬s.o.) to
withdraw or abstain (‫ في‬from); to spoil
s.o.’s (‫ )ه‬pleasure in (‫)في‬, arouse a dislike (
‫ في ه‬in s.o. for) V to practice asceticism,
withdraw from the world X to deem little,
insignificant, trifling, small
‫ زھد‬zuhd (voluntary) renunciation (‫ في‬of
s.th.); jndifference (‫ في‬to, esp. to worldly
things); abstemiousness, abstinence;
asceticism │ ‫( الزھد في الدنيا‬dunyā)
asceticism
‫ زھيد‬zahīd little, low, moderate (esp.
price), insignificant, peltry, trifling. small;
a little, a small amount (‫ في‬of)
‫ زھادة‬zahāda smallness, lowness,
moderateness
‫ تزھد‬tazahhud asceticism, life of
retirement devoted to the service of God
‫ زھد‬zāhid pl. ‫ زھاد‬zuhhād abstemious,
abstinent, continent, self-denying; ascetic
383
‫ زھر‬zahara a (‫ زھور‬zuhūr) to shine, give light,
be radiant IV to glow, gleam, glare, shine;
to blossom, be in bloom (plant, flower)
VIII ‫ ازدھر‬izdahara to shine brightly, be
radiant; to blossom, be in bloom; to
flourish, prosper, thrive
‫ زھر‬zahr, (coll.; n. un. ‫ )ة‬pl. ‫ زھور‬zuhūr,
‫ ازھر‬azhur, ‫ ازھار‬azhār, ‫ ازاھر‬azāhir2, ‫ازاھير‬
azāhīr2 flowers; blossoms; --cast iron
(also ‫ زھر الحديد( │زھر الثالوث‬z. at-tālūt
pansy; ‫ زھر الربيع‬primrose; ‫زھر العسل‬
al-‘asal honeysuckle; ‫ زھر اللؤلؤ‬z. al-lu’lu’
daisy; ‫ ماء الزھر‬orange-flower water
‫ زھرة‬zahra (n. un.) pl. āt flower,
blossom; splendor, beauty
‫ زھرة‬zuhra brilliancy, light, brightness;
beauty │‫ زھرة الغسيل‬bluing
‫ الزھرة‬az-zuhara the planet Venus
‫ زھرى‬zuharzi syphilis │‫امراض زھرية‬
venereal diseases
‫ زھر‬zuhrīya pl. -āt flower vase
‫ زھار‬zahhār, florist
‫ زھراوى‬zahrāwī gay, merry, cheerful
(person)
‫ ازھر‬azhar2 shining, luminous, radiant,
brilliant; bright; -- (elative) more radiant
│‫ األزھران‬sun and moon; ‫ جامع األزھر‬and
‫ الجامع األزھر‬Al Azhar Mosque and
University in Cairo
 ‫ ازھرى‬azharī of or pertaining to Al
Azhar; (pl. -ūn) Azhar student
‫ مزھر‬mizhar pl. ‫ مزاھر‬mazāhir2 ancient
Arabic variety of the lute; (now
pronounced mazhar) a kind of tambourine
(eg.)
‫ مزھرية‬mazharīya flowerpot
‫ تزھير‬tazhīr bloom, florescence
‫ ازھار‬izhār florescence
‫ ازدھار‬izdihār flourishing, florescence,
bloom, heyday
‫ زاھر‬zāhir shining, luminous, radiant,
brilliant; bright
‫ مزھر‬muzhir blooming, in bloom;
shining, luminous, bright
‫ زھف‬zahafa a (‫ زھوف‬zuhūf): ‫ زھف الى الموت‬to
be on the verge of death VIII ‫ازدھف الى‬
‫ الموت‬do.
‫ زھق‬zahaqa a (zahq, ‫ زھوق‬zuhūq) to die, pass
away, run out, come to nothing; ‫زھقت نفسه‬
(nafsuhū) and ‫( زھقت روحه‬rūḥuhū) to give
up the ghost, die; to weary, become tired (
‫ من‬of s.th.), be disgusted (‫ من‬with s.th.) IV
to bring about the ruin or downfall of s.th.
(‫ ;)ھـ‬to destroy, annihilate (‫ ھـ‬s.th.); ((‫الروح‬
‫ ازھق النفس‬to be disgusting, be revolting
‫ زھوق‬zuhūq dying, passing, bound to
vanish
‫ زھم‬zuhm offensive smell
‫ زھم‬zahm malodorous, fetid
‫ زھمة‬zuhma offensive smell
‫ زھومة‬zuhūma offensive smell
‫ )زھا )زھو‬zahā u (zahw) to blossom, flower, be
in bloom; to grow, thrive; to shine
brightly, be radiant, glow, gleam; to give
o.s. airs, be haughty, conceited; to pride
o.s. (‫ ب‬upon, both in a favorable and a
pejorative sense); pass. ‫ زھى‬zuhiya to be
proud, conceited (‫ ب‬of), pride o.s. (‫ ب‬on),
boast (‫ ب‬of), vaunt (‫ ب‬s.th.) IV to
blossom, flower, be in bloom; to grow,
thrive; to give o.s. airs, be conceited, be
boastful VIII ‫ ازدھى‬izdahā and pass.
uzduhiya to be self-satisfied, complacent,
conceited, proud; izdahā to shine (‫ ب‬at, in
s.th.), have (‫ ب‬an accomplishment) to
show; to boast (‫ ب‬of s.th.), vaunt (‫ ب‬s.th.)
‫ زھو‬zahw and zuhuw bloom,
florescence; splendor; beauty; pride;
haughtiness, arrogance; vanity, a vain or
futile thing or things; fun, play,
amusement 384
‫ زھى‬zahīy brilliant, splendid,
magnificent, gorgeous, sumptuous
‫ زھاء‬zahā’ radiance, brilliancy,
splendor
‫ زھاء‬zuhā’ number, amount; zuhā’a
roughly, about, some (with foll. figure)
‫ ازھى‬azhā more flourishing; prouder,
more conceited
‫ ازدھاء‬izdihā’ bloom, florescence,
flourishing; heyday; shining; glittering,
splendor, radiance; pride (both in a
favorable and a pejorative sense)
‫ زاه‬zāhin shining, brilliant, radiant,
resplendent; glowing; splendid, gorgeous,
magnificent, gaudy, beautiful
‫ مزھو‬mazhūw proud (‫ ب‬of); haughty,
supercilious, vainglorious; cocky,
overbearing
‫ زوبعة‬see ‫زبع‬
2
‫ زوج‬II to pair, couple (‫ من‬or ‫ ب ھـ‬s.th. with),
join in pairs or couples (‫ ھـ‬s.th.); to
double, geminate (‫ ھـ‬s.th.); to employ
parallelism (rhet.); to marry off, give in
marriage (‫ ھا من‬،‫ ھـ‬،‫ ه‬a girl to s.o.) III to
form a pair or couple; to use in parallel
construction, join in a pair (‫ بين‬two words,
rhet.); to marry, join in wedlock, unite in
matrimony (‫ و‬-- ‫ بين‬s.o. with) V to get
married (‫ ه‬،‫ على‬،‫ ب‬,‫ من‬with), marry (,‫ ب‬,‫من‬
‫ ه‬،‫ على‬s.o.) VI to intermarry; to pair, come
together forming a pair, be in pairs, be
double VIII ‫ ازدوج‬izdawaja to pair, he in
pairs, be double, appear twice
‫ زوجة‬zauja pl. ‫ ازواج‬azwāj one of a pair;
husband; wife; mate, partner; couple, pair
(also, e.g., of shoes); dual ‫ زوجان‬couple
‫ زوجة‬zauja pl. -āt wife
‫ زيجة‬zīja marriage, wedding
‫ زوجي‬zaujī in pairs, paired; double;
marital, matrimonial, conjugal; doubles
(tennis)
 ‫ زيجي‬zījī marital, matrimonial,
conjugal, connubial
‫ زوجية‬zaujīya pl. -āt matrimony,
marriage
‫ زواج‬zawāj marriage (‫ من‬with);
wedding; matrimony, wedlock │‫وحدة‬
‫ الزواج‬wahdat az-z. monogamy
‫ )زار )زور‬zāra u (zaur, ‫ زيارة‬ziyāra) to visit (‫ه‬
‫ مزاوج‬mizwāj frequently marrying
‫ تزويج‬tazwīj marrying off (of a woman,
‫ من‬to)
‫ زواج‬zawāj doubling, duplication;
parallelism (rhet.)
‫ مزاوجة‬muzāwaja pairing, coupling,
close union (of two things)
‫ تزوج‬tazawwuj marriage
‫ تزاوج‬tazāwuj intermarriage
‫ ازدواج‬izdiwāj pairedness doubleness; O
coupling (el.) │‫( ازدواج ضريبي‬ḍarībī)
double taxation
‫ متزوج‬mutazawwij married
‫ مزدوج‬muzdawij double, twofold, two-
(e.g., of a railroad: two-track)
2
‫ زاج‬look up alphabetically
‫ )زاح )زوح‬zāḥa u = (‫ زيح( زاح‬zāḥa i
‫ زود‬II to supply with provisions (‫ ه ھـ‬s.o.),
provision (‫ھـ ب‬, s.o. with); to provide,
supply, equip (‫ ه‬،‫ ب ھـ‬s.o., s.th. with); to
endow (‫ ه ب‬s.o. with); to enrich (‫ ھـ ب‬s.th.
with) IV to supply with provisions (‫ ه‬s.o.)
V to be supplied (with provisions); to take
along provisions (on a journey); to learn (
‫ من‬from s.o.); to provide o.s., supply o.s
equip o.s. (‫ ب‬with)
‫ زاد‬zād pl. ‫ ازواد‬azwād, ‫ ازودة‬azwida
provisions, supplies, stores
‫ زواد‬zawād provisions
‫ زوادة‬zuwwāda provisions
‫ مزود‬mizwad pl. ‫ مزاود‬mazāwid2, ‫مزائد‬
mazāid2 provision bag, haversack 385
‫ مزادة‬mazāda provision bag, haversack
‫ تزويد‬tazwīd supply, purveyance (‫ ب‬of).
provision, equipment (‫ ب‬with); manning
(of ships)
‫ زائدة‬pl. ‫ زوائد‬see ‫زيد‬
‫ مزود‬muzawwid pl. -ūn contractor,
supplier, furnisher, purveyor, victualer,
caterer
‫ مزود‬muzawwad provided, supplied,
furnished (‫ ب‬with); equipped (‫ ب‬with);
armed (‫ ب‬with guns) ; conneoted (‫ ب‬with),
attended, accompanied (‫ ب‬by)
s.o.), call (‫ ه‬on s.o.), pay a visit (‫ ه‬to); to
afflict (‫ ه‬s.o.) II to forge, falsify,
counterfeit (‫ ه‬s.th.); to fake, simulate VI to
exchange visits IX to turn aside, turn
away, dissociate o.s. (‫ عن‬from); to be
averse (‫ عن‬to s.th.); ‫ ازور به‬to turn s.o.
away, alienate s.o. (‫ عن‬from) X to desire
s.o.’s (‫ )ه‬visit
‫ زور‬zaur upper part of the chest; throat
│‫ آالم الزور‬sore throat
‫ زور‬zūr lie, untruth; falsehood │‫شھادة‬
‫ الزور‬šahādat az-z. false testimony
‫ زور‬zūr force │ ‫ بالزور‬by force, forcibly
‫ زور‬zawar inclination, obliqueness,
slant; crookedness; falseness; perfidy,
insidiousness; squint
‫ زورة‬zaura (n. vic.) pl. -āt visit, call
‫ زيارة‬ziyāra pl. -āt visit; call (social, of
a doctor)
‫ ازور‬azwar2, f. ‫ زوراء‬zaurā’2, pl. ‫ زور‬zūr
inclined, slanting, oblique; crooked,
curved; squint-eyed, cross-eyed
‫ مزار‬mazār pl. -āt place which one
visits; shrine, sanctuary
‫ تزوير‬tazwīr forgery, falsification │
‫( تزوير في السندات‬sanadāt) falsification of
documents
‫ ازورار‬izwirār turning away;
averseness, aversion, dislike, distaste
‫ زائر‬zā’ir pl. -ūn, ‫ زوار‬zuwwār, f. ‫زائرة‬
zā’ira pl. -āt, ‫ زور‬zuwwar visitor, caller,
guest
‫ مزور‬mazūr visited
‫ مزور‬muzawwar forged, false,
counterfeit; obtained by swindle, faked
‫ زورق‬zauraq pl. ‫ زوارق‬zawāriq2 boat, rowboat,
skiff │‫( زورق بخاري‬bukhārī) steam launch;
‫ زورق الصيد‬z. aṣ-ṣaid fishing boat; ‫زورق‬
 ‫ النجاة‬z. an-najāh lifeboat; O ‫زورق ناصف‬
torpedo boat
1
‫ )زاغ )زوغ‬zāga u (zaug, ‫ زوغان‬zawagān) to
turn aside, depart, deviate (‫ عن‬from),
swerve; to deviate from truth, to swindle;
see also ‫ زيغ‬VI to turn aside, swerve
2
‫ زاغ‬look up alphabetically
‫ زوفاء‬zūfā’, ‫ زوفى‬zūfā hyssop (bot.)
1
‫ زوق‬II to adorn, embellish, ornament,
decorate (‫ ھـ‬s.th.); to picture, visualize (‫ھـ‬
a story, in one’s imagination)
‫ زواق‬zawāq embellishment, adornment,
ornamentation; decoration; finery, attire;
face painting, make-up, cosmetics
‫ مزوق‬muzawwaq adorned, embellished,
ornamented, decorated; florid, flowery
(speech); dressed up, meretricious, showy,
gaudy
2 application (to); assiduous study; practice
‫ زاؤوق‬،‫ زاووق‬look up alphabetically
‫ )زول‬and ‫ زال )زيل‬zāla (1st pers. perf. zultu) u (
‫ زوال‬zawāl) to go away, withdraw (‫ عن‬or
‫ من‬from), abandon, leave (‫ عن‬or ‫ من‬s.o. or
s.th.); to disappear, vanish; to abate, calm
down, die down, come to an end; to go
down, set; -- (1st pers. perf. ziltu) a (zail) ‫ زولوجيا‬zōlōjiyā zoology
to cease (with negations only) │of :‫زول‬
‫( زال منه الغضب‬gaḍab) his wrath abated; ‫زال‬
‫ عن الوجود‬to cease to exist; -- of ‫زيل‬: with
neg. ٣٨٦ ‫ لم يزل‬،‫( ما زال‬yazal), ‫ال يزال‬
equivalent to Engl. “still, yet”: ‫ما زلت افعله‬
(af‘aluhū) I have not ceased to do it, I
(am) still do(ing) it; ‫ ما زال قائما‬he is still
standing, ‫ ما زال في‬he has not ceased to be
or to remain in, he is still in; ‫ال يزال في حاجة‬
‫ اليه‬he is still in need of it, he still needs it;
‫( ال يزال على ذكر منه‬dikrin) he still
remembers him II ‫ زول‬zawwala to remove,
eliminate (‫ ھـ‬s.th.), -- ‫ زيل‬zayyala to
separate, break up, disperse, scatter (‫ھـ‬
s.th.) III ‫ زاول‬zāwala to pursue (‫ ھـ‬s.th.),
devote o.s. apply o.s. (‫ ھـ‬to); -- ‫ زايل‬zāyala
to separate, part (‫ ه‬،‫ ھـ‬from), leave, quit,
abandon (‫ ه‬،‫ ھـ‬s.o., s.th.); to separate
(‫ بين‬s.th.) │‫ زايل الدار‬to move out of the
house, leave the house IV to cause to
cease or stop, make disappear or vanish (‫ھـ‬
s.th.), to remove, eliminate (‫ ھـ‬s.th.), put
an end (‫ ھـ‬to s.th.), do away (‫ ھـ‬with s.th.),
make a clean sweep (‫ ھـ‬of s.th.) VI ‫تزايل‬
tazāyala to be disjointed, incoherent; to
pass away, cease, stop
‫ زول‬zaul pl. ‫ ازوال‬azwāl person, body,
figure, nightly apparition, specter, ghost,
phantom, spirit
‫ زوال‬zawāl end, passage, extinction,
disappearance, vanishing, cessation;
setting (of the sun); noon │‫سريع الزوال‬
ephemeral, evanescent, fleeting, ‫بعد الزوال‬
in the afternoon; ‫ عند الزوال‬around noon, by
noon; ‫ خط الزوال‬kaṯṭ az-z. meridian
‫ زوالي‬zawālī: ‫ في الساعة الرابعة زوالية‬atfour
o’clock in the afternoon, at four p.m.
‫ زولية‬zūlīya pl. ‫ زوالي‬zawālī (ir., saud.)
knotted rug
‫ مزولة‬mizwala pl. ‫ مزاول‬mazāwil2
sundial
‫ مزاولة‬muzāwala pursuit (of s.th.),
(of some work, of a profession)
‫ ازالة‬izāla removal, elimination
‫ زائل‬zā’il transitory, passing,
evanescent, fleeting, ephemeral, short-
lived
‫ زولوجي‬zōlōjī zoologic(al)
‫ )زام )زوم‬zāma u (eg.) to growl, snarl (dog) II
to mumble, mutter
‫ زوم‬zūm pl. ‫ ازوام‬azwām juice, sap
1
‫ زانة‬،‫ زان‬look up alphabetically
2
‫ زوان‬ziwān, zuwān = ‫( زؤان‬q.v.)
‫ زوى‬zawā i to contract, wrinkle, knit (‫ھـ‬
s.th., e.g., the eyebrows), to remove (‫ھـ‬
s.th.); to hide, conceal (‫ ھـ‬s.th.) │‫زوى ما بين‬
‫‘( عينيه‬ainaihi) he knitted his eye-brows,
he frowned (in anger, and the like) II and
V to withdraw into a corner, go into
seclusion, retire VII do., to keep to o.s.,
live in seclusion or retirement │‫انزوى في‬
‫( جلده‬jildihī) to crawl inside o.s. (out of
shame, and the like)
‫ انزواء‬inziwā’ retirement, seclusion,
isolation
‫ زاوية‬zāwiya pl. ‫ زوايا‬zawāyā corner,
nook; angle (math.); a small mosque,
prayer room; (North Afr.) small cupolaed
 mosque erected over the tomb of a
Muslim saint, with teaching facilities and
a hospice attached to it, usually the
establishment of a religious order │‫الزاوية‬
‫( الحادة‬ḥādda) acute angle, ‫الزاوية الخارجة‬
external angle, ‫ متساوى الزوايا‬mutasāwī az-
z. equiangular, ‫( الزاوية المنفرجة‬munfarija)
obtuse angle, ‫ الزاوية القائمة‬right angle, ‫حجر‬
‫ الزاوية‬ḥajar az-z. cornerstone; ‫من زوايا‬
‫( مختلفة‬muktalifa) from different angles
(i.e., aspects)
2
‫ منزو‬munzawin seclusive, secluding;
retired, secluded, outlying, remote, out-of- ‫ )زاح )زيح‬zāḥa i (zaiḥ, zuyūḥ, ‫ زيحان‬zayaḥān) to
the-way, obscure
‫ زي‬II ‫ زيا‬،‫ زيى‬zayyā to dress, clothe, costume (‫ه‬
‫ ب‬s.o. in) V ‫ تزيا‬،‫ تزيى‬tazayyā to dress, put
on a dress or costume; to dress up,
smarten o.s. up, to be dressed, be clad (‫ب‬
in), wear (‫ ب‬th.) 387
‫ زي‬ziyy pl. ‫ ازياء‬azyā’ clothing, dress,
apparel, attire; O uniform; outward
appearance, make-up; costume; style of
dress, manner of dressing; fashion;
exterior, guise, form, shape │‫على الزي‬
‫ الجديد‬fashionable, modish, stylish
‫ زيبق‬zībaq (= ‫ زئبق‬zi‘baq) quicksilver,
mercury
‫ )زاد )زيد‬zāda i (‫ زيادة‬ziyāda) to become greater,
‫ زيت‬II to oil, lubricate, grease (‫ ھـ‬a
machine, and the like); to add oil (‫ ھـ‬to
some food)
‫ زيت‬zait pl. ‫ زيوت‬zuyūt oil (edible, fuel,
motor oil, etc.) │‫( زيت حار‬ḥārr) linseed
oil; ‫( زيت حلو‬ḥulw) sweet oil, oil free of
hydrogen sulfide; ‫ زيت الحوت‬z. al-ḥūt cod-
liver oil; ‫ زيت الخروع‬z. al-kirwa‘ castor oil;
‫ زيت السمك‬z. as-samak cod-liver oil; ‫زيت‬
‫ التشحيم‬lubricating oil; ‫ زيت االستصباح‬fuel
oil; ‫ زيت الغاز‬z. al-gāz kerosene
‫ زيتي‬zaitī oily, oil (adj.), oil-bearing │
‫ صورة زيتية‬or ‫( لوحة زيتية‬ṣūra, lauḥa) oil
painting
‫ زيات‬zayyāt oil dealer, oilman
‫ زيتون‬zaitūn (coll.; n. un. ‫ )ة‬olive tree;
olive(s) │‫ احد الزيتون‬aḥad az-z. Palm
Sunday (Chr.); ‫ جبل ازيتون‬jabal az-z.
Mount of Olives (Jerusalem)
‫ زيتونة‬zaitūna (n. un.) pl. -āt olive tree;
olive │‫ جامع الزيتونة‬the Zaitouna Mosque
(large mosque and university in Tunis)
‫ زيتوني‬zaitūnī olivaceous, olive-colored,
olive-green; (pl. -ūn) student of the Great
Mosque of Tunis
‫ زيتونية‬zaitūnīya, ‫ احد الزيتونية‬aḥad az-az.
Palm Sunday (Cop.-Chr.)
‫ مزيتة‬mazyata oil can, oiler
‫ مزيت‬muzayyat oiled
1
‫ زيج‬zīj leveling line (used by masons);
ephemeris, astronomical almanac
‫ زيجة‬zīja and ‫ زيجي‬zījī see ‫زوج‬
go away, depart, leave IV to remove, drive
away, banish (‫ ھـ‬s.th.), do away with (‫;)ھـ‬
to take away (‫ ھـ‬s.th.); to pull away, throw
back (‫ ھـ‬a curtain, a veil, etc., ‫ عن‬from
s.th.) │‫ ازاح اللثام عن‬to reveal, disclose s.th.;
‫( ازاح الستار عن تمثال‬timtāl) to unveil a
monument VII to go away, depart, leave;
to be pulled away, be thrown back
(curtain)
‫ زيح‬zīh pl. ‫ ازياح‬azyāḥ (straight) line
‫ زياح‬zayyāḥ pl. -āt religious procession
‫ ازاحة‬izāḥa removal, abolition │‫ازاحة‬
‫ الستار‬unveiling (of a monument)
become more, grow, increase, be
compounded, multiply; to be greater, be
more, amount to more (‫ عن‬or ‫ على‬than),
exceed (‫ عن‬or ‫ على‬s.th., an amount, ‫ ب‬by),
go beyond an amount or number (‫ ;)على‬to
augment, increase, compound (‫ ھـ‬s.th.),
make (‫ ھـ‬s.th.) grow or increase; to step
up, raise (‫ ھـ‬،‫ من‬s.th., ‫ الى ھـ‬s.th. to); to add
(‫ على ھـ‬s.th. to); to add, make additions (
‫ على‬to), enlarge (‫ على‬s.th.); to extend,
expand, further, advance, promote,
intensify (‫ في‬or ‫ من‬s.th.); to give more (‫ھـ ه‬
to s.o. of s.th.) │‫ ال يزيد على‬it is no more
than ... , it is only .. ; ‫ زاد قائال‬he added (in
speech followed by quotation); ‫زد على ذلك‬
(zid) (prop.: add to it that ...) in addition to
that there is ..., what’s more, there is ...;
furthermore, moreover; ‫‘( زاده علما‬ilman) to
tell s.o. more about it, supply s.o. with
more information II to increase, augment,
compound, make grow m to make a
higher bid (‫ ه‬than s.o.), outbid (‫ ه‬s.o.; at an
auction) V to increase; to nee, go up
(prices); to make additions, add
embellishments of one’s own, exaggerate
(in telling s.th.); to be long-winded,
verbose │‫ من المعرفة‬،‫‘( تزيد من العلم‬ilm,
ma‘rifa) to acquire additional knowledge,
increase one’s knowledge VI 388 to
outbid one another; to increase gradually,
be growing; to become more intense,
intensify; to become more and more,
exceed more and more (‫ من‬s.th.) VIII ‫ازداد‬
izdāda to grow, be growing, increase, be
compounded, multiply │‫ازداد بكاء‬
(bukā’an) he wept more and more X to
demand more, ask for more, go up with
one’s demands; to try to achieve more; to
aim or work at an increase, expansion or
extension (‫ ھـ‬of); to ask (‫ ه‬s.o.) to give
more of s.th.
‫ الزيدية‬az-zaidīya a Shiitic group
forming an independent commonwealth
(Yemen)
‫ الزيود‬az-zuyūd the Zaidites, adherents
of the Zaidiya sect
‫ زيادة‬ziyāda increase, increment,
accretion, growth; surplus, overplus,
excess; increase, augmentation, raising,
stepping up; enhancement, elevation,
intensification; extra pay, allowance (in
addition to the salary); addition; ‫زيادة‬
ziyādatan in addition, additionally │‫زيادة‬
‫( عن‬ziyādatan) over and above, beyond, in
excess of; regardless of; aside from; ‫حمله‬
‫ زيادة عن تحمله‬ḥammalahū z. ‘an
taḥammulihi he loaded him with more
than he could carry; ‫زيادة على ذلك‬
(ziyādatan) moreover, besides; ‫زيادة المواليد‬
excess of births; ‫( لزيادة اإليضاح‬īḍāḥ) in
order to make it even clearer, for further
elucidation
‫ ازيد‬azyad2 more excessive, higher,
greater, bigger
‫ مزاد‬mazād pl. -āt auction, public sale
‫ مزيد‬mazīd an exceeding (‫ على‬of s.th.);
excess, superabundance; high degree,
large extent; utmost, maximum; (with foll.
genit.) excessive, extreme, utmost,
1
highest, greatest, superlative; pass. partic.
of I: increased, etc.; the derivative stems
of the verb (gram.) │‫ بمزيد الشكر‬bi-m. iš-
šukr with many, many thanks; ‫بمزيد األسف‬
bi-m. il-asaf with the greatest regret; ‫بمزيد‬
‫ االرتياح‬with extreme satisfaction; ‫ليس له من‬
‫ مزيد‬it is unsurpassable, it’s not to be
outdone
‫ مزايدة‬muzāyada pl. -āt auction, public
sale
‫ تزيد‬tazayyud exaggeration (in
reporting), one’s own embellishments or
additions, fables, yarn
‫ تزايد‬tazāyud (gradual) increase,
increment, growth
‫ ازدياد‬izdiyād increase, growth, rise,
intensification
‫ استزادة‬istizāda a striving for more;
pursuit of an increase, expansion or
extension; desire or request for more │‫لم‬
‫( يبق استزادة لمستزيد‬yabqa, li-mustazīdin)
there is nothing to be added, nothing more
need be said about it
‫ زائد‬zā’id increasing, growing;
excessive, immoderate; exceeding (‫عن‬
s.th.), in excess (‫ عن‬of); additional, extra,
supernumerary │‫ زائد على الحاجة‬more than
necessary, surplus
‫ زائدة‬zā’ida pl. ‫ زوائد‬zawā’id2
appendage, appendix (anat., zool., bot.);
outgrowth (med.) │‫( زائدة معوية‬mi‘awīya)
and ‫( زائدة دودية‬dūdīya) vermiform
appendix (anat.)
‫ مزايد‬muzāyid pl. -ūn bidder, outbidder
(at an auction)
‫ متزايد‬mutazāyid steadily increasing,
swelling
1
‫ زير‬II (mor.) to close (‫ ھـ‬a button)
2
‫ زير‬zīr pl. ‫ ازيار‬azyār, ‫ زيار‬ziyār (eg., magr.)
large, almost conical jar, made of porous
clay, for storing water
3
‫ زير‬zīr the highest string of stringed
instruments (mus.) 389
‫ زيز‬zīz (coll.; n. un. ‫ )ة‬pl. ‫ زيزان‬zīzān
cicada; chrysalis
‫ زيزفون‬zaizafūn jujube (Zizyphus; bot.);
linden tree
‫ )زاغ )زيغ‬zāga i (zaig, ‫ زيغان‬zayagān) to turn
aside; to depart, deviate (‫ عن‬from); to
swerve; to turn away (‫ عن‬from), turn one’s
back (‫ عن‬on); to wander, stray, roam
(eyes) IV to cause (‫ ھـ‬s.th.) to deviate │
 ‫( ازاغ عني بصره‬baṣarahū) he looked past ‫ زينة‬zīna pl. -āt embellishment,
me, he snubbed me adornment, ornament, decoration; cloth.,
attire, finery; toilette │‫ زينة الوجه‬z. al-wajh
‫ زيغ‬zaig and ‫ زيغان‬zayagān a turning
make-up; ‫ بيت الزينة‬bait az-z. beauty shop;
aside; deviation, departure (‫ عن‬from) │‫زيغ‬
‫ اشجار الزينة‬ornamental tress; ‫نباتات الزينة‬
‫( وسداد‬sadād) erring and doing right,
nabātāt az-z. ornamental plants; ‫خوان الزينة‬
wrong and right
kuwān az-z. dressing table; ‫غرفة الزينة‬
‫ زائغ‬zāig deviating, divergent; false, gurfat az-z. dressing room
wrong, distorted, perverted │‫نظرات زائغة‬
‫ زيان‬zayyān beautiful
(nazarāt) wandering glances
2 ‫ زيان‬ziyān embellishment, adornment,
‫ زاغ‬look up alphabetically
decoration; ornament
‫ )زاف )زيف‬zāfa i (zaif) to be false, be spurious
‫ زيانة‬ziyāna barber’s or hairdresser’s
II to counterfeit (‫ ھـ‬money); to declare (‫ھـ‬
trade
s.th.) to be false or spurious
‫ تزيين‬tazyīn adorning, decoration,
‫ زيف‬zaif falseness; pride; (pl. ‫زيوف‬
ornamentation; make-believe, sham,
zuyūf) false, spurious, forged, counterfeit
pretense
‫ ازيف‬azyaf2 falser, more spurious
‫ مزين‬muzayyin barber, hairdresser
‫ تزييف‬tazyīf falsification, forgery,
‫ مزين‬muzayyin decorated, ornamented,
counterfeiting
adorned (‫ ب‬with); graced (‫ ب‬with)
‫ زائف‬zā’if false; forged, counterfeit,
‫ مزدان‬muzdān decorated, ornamented,
spurious │‫ اخبار زائفة‬false reports; ‫نقود زائفة‬
counterfeit money adorned (‫ ب‬with); graced (‫ ب‬with)
2
‫ مزيف‬muzayyif forger, counterfeiter ‫ زان‬look up alphabetically

‫ مزيف‬muzayyaf forged; counterfeit, ‫ زينكو‬zinkō zinc 390

false, spurious; pseudo-

‫س‬
1
‫ زيق‬II (eg.) to creak, screech
2
‫ زيق‬zīq pl. ‫ ازياق‬azyāq collar, neckband;
border, hem (of a garment)
‫ )زال )زيل‬and II, III, VI see ‫زول‬ ‫ سـ‬sa shortened form of ‫ سوف‬saufa (q.v.)
1
‫ )زان )زين‬zāna i (zain) to decorate, adorn (‫ھـ‬ ‫ ساتان‬sātān satin
s.th.) II to adorn, decorate, embellish, ‫ ساج‬sāj pl. ‫ سيجان‬sījān teak, Indian oak
ornament (‫ ھـ‬s.th.); to grace (‫ ه‬،‫ ھـ‬s.o.,
‫ ساجات‬sījān castanets
s.th.);to shave (‫ ه‬s.o.); ‫( زينت نفسھا‬nafsahā)
to make herself up (lady); to paint in ‫ سادة‬sāda simple; plain, unicolored, uniform
glowing tones, present in a favorable light, (fabric) │‫( قھوة سادة‬qahwa) unsweetened
extol (‫ الى ھـ‬،‫ ل‬s.th. to s.o.); to conjure up ( coffee
‫ ه‬s.th., ‫ ل‬before s.o.’s eyes), create visions ‫ سؤدد‬see 2‫سود‬
(‫ ھـ‬of s.th., ‫ ل‬in s.o.’s mind), lead s.o. (‫)ل‬
to believe (‫ ان‬that); to give (‫ ل‬s.o.) the idea ‫ سئر‬sa’ira a to remain, be left
(‫ ان‬to do s.th.), suggest (‫ ل ان‬to s.o. to do ‫ سؤر‬su’r pl. ‫ اسآر‬as’ār rest, remainder,
s.th.) V to be decorated, be adorned; to remnant, leftover (esp. of food and
dress up, smarten o.s. up, spruce up, preen beverages)
o.s.; to shave, get a shave VIII ‫ازدان‬
izdāna to be decorated, be adorned; to be ‫ سؤرة‬su’ra rest, remainder, remnant,
graced leftover (esp. of food and beverages);
vestige of youthful vigor
‫ زين‬zain beauty; beautiful, nice, pretty
‫ سائر‬sā’ir remaining; rest, remainder;
(with foll. det. genit.) all
 1
‫ الساسانيون‬as-sāsānīyūn the Sassanidae, a
dynasty of Persian kings (226-651 A.D.)
‫ ساغو‬sāgō sago
‫ ساكو‬sākō, ‫ ساكوه‬sack coat, lounge jacket
‫ سأل‬sa’ala a (‫ سؤال‬su’āl, ‫ مسألة‬mas’ala, ‫تسآل‬
tas’āl) to ask (‫ عن‬or ‫ ه ھـ‬s.o. s.th. or about
s.th.); to inquire (‫ عن ه‬of s.o. about); to ask
(‫ ھـ من‬or ‫ ه‬s.o. for s.th.), request, demand,
claim (‫ من ھـ‬or ‫ ه‬from s.o. s.th.) ‫سأله اال‬
sa’alahū illa to implore, adjure s.o. that he
...; ‫ سأله عن اخباره‬to ask s.o. about s.o. else;
‫( سأله رأيه‬ra’yahā) to ask s.o.’s opinion,
consult s.o.; ‫ سأله سؤاال‬to ask s.o. a
question; ‫( يسأل‬yus’alu) he is responsible,
answerable (‫ عن‬for) III to ask, question,
interrogate (‫ ه‬s.o.); to call (‫ ه‬s.o.) to
account IV ‫( اسأله سؤله‬as’alahū) to fulfill
s.o.’s wish, comply with s.o.’s request V
tasa’’ala and ‫ تسول‬tasawwala to beg VI to
ask; to ask o.s.; to ask one another; ‫تساءل‬
‫ )ھل )عن‬to ask o.s. whether (about); to
inquire (‫ عن‬about)
‫ سؤل‬su’l demand, request, wish
‫ سؤلة‬su’la demand, request, wish
‫ سؤال‬su’āl pl. ‫ اسئلة‬as’ila question (‫عن‬
about); request (‫ عن‬for); inquiry (‫عن‬
about); demand, claim
‫ سأال‬sa’’āl given to asking questions,
inquisitive, curious
‫ سؤول‬sa’ūl given to asking questions,
inquisitive, curious
‫ )مسألة )مسئلة‬mas’ala pl. ‫ مسائل‬masā’il2
question; issue, problem; matter, affair,
case; request
‫ مساءلة‬musā’ala questioning,
interrogation
‫ تسول‬tasawwu1 begging, beggary
‫ تساؤل‬tasā’ul (self-directed) question;
questioning
‫ سائل‬sā’il pl. –ūn, ‫ سؤال‬su’āl, ‫ سألة‬sa’ala
questioner; petitioner; beggar
‫ مسؤول‬mas’ūl responsible, answerable,
accountable (‫ عن‬for)
‫ مسئولية‬mas’ūlīya pl. -āt responsibility (
‫ عن‬for)
‫ متسول‬mutasawwil pl. -ūn beggar
‫ سام‬sām Shem (eldest son of Noah)
‫ سامي‬sāmī Semitic; (pl. -ūn) Semite
‫ الالسامية‬al-lā-sāmīya anti-Semitism
2
‫ سئم‬sa’ima a (‫ سأم‬sa’m, ‫ سآمة‬sa’āma) to be
weary, tired (‫ من‬or ‫ ھـ‬of s.th.), be bored,
fed up (‫ من‬or ‫ ھـ‬with s.th.); to dislike,
detest, loathe (‫ ان‬doing s.th.), have an 391
aversion (‫ ان‬to doing s.th.) IV to cause or
arouse weariness or boredom (‫ ه‬in s.o.),
weary, bore (‫ ه‬s.o.)
‫ سئم‬sa’im weary, tired, bored
‫ سؤوم‬sa’ūm disgusted, weary, fed up
‫ سآمة‬sa’āma weariness, disgust,
boredam, ennui
‫ سب‬sabba u (sabb) to insult, abuse, call names,
revile (‫ ه‬s.o.), rail (‫ ه‬at); to curse (‫ ه‬s.o.); to
blaspheme, curse, swear II to cause,
provoke, arouse, produce, bring about,
effect, occasion (‫ ھـ‬s.th.), give occasion (‫ھـ‬
to s.th.) III to exchange insults or abusive
language (‫ ھـ‬with s.o.) V to be caused, be
produced (‫ عن‬by), be the consequence or
result (‫ عن‬of), follow, arise, spring, result (
‫ عن‬from); to be the reason or cause, be at
the bottom (‫ ب‬or ‫ في‬of), be to blame (‫في‬
for), be instrumental (‫ في‬in); to seek
reason or motives (‫ الى‬for s.th.); to
account, give a reason or explanation (‫الى‬
for), justify, motivate (‫ الى‬s.th.); to use (‫ب‬
s.th.) as a means (‫ الى‬for); to trade, be in
the retail business VI to insult each other,
call one another names, rail at each other
VIII = VI
‫ سب‬sabb abuse, vituperation, insults,
cursing
‫ سبة‬sabba period of time, (long) while
‫ سبة‬sibba: ‫ سبة اآلالم‬s. al-ālam Passion
Week (Chr.)
‫ سبة‬subba disgrace, shame, dishonor
‫ سبب‬sabab pl. ‫ اسباب‬asbāb rope, tent
rope; means for obtaining s.th.; reason,
cause, motive, occasion (with fall. genit.
or ‫في‬: of); means of subsistence; (esp. pl.)
relations (between people) │‫ سبب اكبر‬main
reason; ‫ اسباب الحكم‬a. al-ḥukm opinion
(jur.); ‫ اسباب الراحة‬luxury; ‫ بسبب‬bi-sababi
because of, on account of, due to, by; ‫بسبب‬
‫ ذلك‬because of that, for that reason,
 therefore; ‫( كان السبب فيه‬sababa) to be the
cause of s.th., be to blame for s.th.; ‫يرجع‬
‫( السبب الى‬yarji‘u) the reason is to be found
in ...; ‫( اخذ سأسباب الحضارة الحديثة‬ḥaḍāra) to
adopt modern civilization; ‫وصل اسبابه بأسبابه‬
(asbābahū) to join forces with s.o.; ‫تقطعت‬
‫ األسباب بين‬relations between ... are broken
out, they no longer have anything in
common; ‫ شاطره أسباب المسرة‬šāṭarahū
asbāba al-masarra to share s.o.’s joy
‫ سببية‬sababīya causality
‫ سباب‬sabbāb abuser, vituperator, reviler
‫ سبابة‬sabbāba index finger
‫ سبيب‬sabīb pl. ‫ سبائب‬sabā’ib2 strand of
hair
‫ مسبة‬masabba pl. -āt vilification, abuse,
insult
‫ تسبيب‬tasbīb mediate causation (Isl.
Law)
‫ سباب‬sibāb abuse, vituperation,
revilement
‫ مسابة‬musābba abuse, vituperation,
revilement
‫ مسبب‬musabbib causer, originator,
author; ‫ مسببات‬musabbibāt causative
factors
‫ مسبب‬musabbab caused (‫ عن‬by) │ ‫السبب‬
‫(والمسبب‬sabab) cause and effect
‫ متسبب‬mutasabbib causer; cause;
retailer, small storekeeper
‫ سبا‬sabā and ‫ سبأ‬saba’ Sheba │ (‫ذھبوا ايدي )ايادي‬
‫ سبا‬d. aidiya (aydiya) sabā they were
scattered to the four winds
‫ سبانخ‬sabānak, sabānik spinach
‫ سباھى‬see ‫سبايس‬
‫ سبايس‬sabāyis and ‫ سباھي‬sibāhī spahis, Algerian
native cavalry in the French army
1
‫ سبت‬sabata u to rest; to keep the Sabbath IV
to enter on the Sabbath 392
‫ السبت‬as-sabt pl. ‫ السبوت‬as-sabūt
Sabbath, Saturday │ ‫يوم السبت‬yaum as-s.
do.; ‫ سبت النور‬s. an-nūr Holy Saturday
(Chr.)
‫ سبات‬subāt lethargy; slumber, sleep
‫ سباتي‬subātī lethargic │‫الاللتھاب المخى‬
‫( السباتي‬mukkī) encephalitis lethargica,
sleeping sickness (med.)
‫ مسبت‬musbit lethargic, inactive,
motionless
2
‫سبت‬sabat pl. -āt, ‫ اسبتة‬asbita basket
3
‫ سبت‬sibitt dill (Anethum graveolens; bot.)
‫ سبتمبر‬sibtambir September
‫ سبج‬sabaj jet (min.)
‫ سبح‬sabaḥa a (sabḥ, ‫ سبح‬sibāḥa) to swim (,‫في‬
‫ ب‬in); to float (fig.); to spread II to praise,
glorify (‫ ﷲ‬allāha, li-llāhi God, by
saying ‫ سبحان ﷲ‬subḥāna llāh praise the
Lord!); to praise, extol (‫ ب‬s.th.) │‫سبح بحمده‬
(ḥamdihī) to sing s.o.’s praise, glorify s.o.
‫ سبحة‬sabḥa (n. un.) a swim, swimming
‫ سبحة‬sabḥa pl. ‫ سبحات‬subuḥāt, ‫سبح‬
subaḥ beads of the Muslim rosary;
Muslim rosary; supererogatory salat (Isl.
Law)
‫ سبحة‬subḥa, sabḥa pl. ‫ سبحات‬subuḥāt,
sabaḥāt majesty (of God) │ ‫سبحات وجه ﷲ‬
subuḥātu wajhi llāh the sublimity, or the
august splendor, or God’s countenance;
‫( سبحات رفيعة‬sabaḥāt) lofty heights
‫ سبحان ﷲ‬subḥāna llāh exclamation of
surprise, etc. (prop.: praise the Lord! God
be praised!); ‫ سبحان ﷲ عن‬God is far
above ..., God is beyond …
‫ سباح‬sabbāḥ swimmer
‫ سبوح‬sabūḥ a good swimmer; swift and
smooth-running (lit.: floating; of horses)
‫ سباحة‬sibāḥa (art of) swimming
‫ مسبح‬masbaḥ pl. ‫ مسابح‬masābiḥ2
swimming pool
‫ مسبحة‬misbaḥa pl. ‫ مسابح‬masābiḥ2 rosary
‫ تسبيح‬tasbīḥ pl. -āt, ‫ تسابيح‬tasābīḥ2
glorification of God (by exclaiming ‫سبحان‬
‫)ﷲ‬
‫ تسبيحة‬tasbīḥa pl. -āt, ‫ تسابيح‬tasābīḥ2
glorification of God; hymn, song of praise
‫ تسبحة‬tasbiḥa hymn, song of praise
‫ سابح‬sābiḥ pl. -ūn, ‫ سباح‬subbāḥ, ‫سبحاء‬
subaḥā’2 swimmer; bather │ ‫سابح في افكاره‬
lost in thought
 O ‫ سابحة‬sābiḥa glider, sailplane, cargo
glider
‫ سابحات‬sābiḥāt and ‫ سوابح‬sawābiḥ2
floating ones (epithet for race horses)
‫ مسبحة‬musabbiḥa index finger
‫ سبحلة‬sabḥala glorification of God
‫ سبخ‬sabaka u (sabk) to be sound asleep II do.;
to manure, fertilize (‫ األرض‬al-arḍa the
land)
‫ سبخ‬sabak dung, manure, fertilizer │‫سبخ‬
‫( بلدي‬baladī) manure
‫ سبخ‬sabik briny (soil)
‫ سبخة‬sabaka, sabka pl. ‫ سباخ‬sibāk salt
marsh, salt swamp │ ‫ارض سبخ‬do.
‫ سباخ‬sibāk pl. ‫ اسبخة‬asbika dung,
manure, fertilizer │ ‫( سباخ بلدي‬baladī)
manure
‫ سبيخ‬sabīk pl. ‫ سبائخ‬sabā’ik2 loose
(unspun) cotton
‫ تسبيخ‬tasbīk deep, sound sleep; O coma,
somnolence (med.)
‫ سبر‬sabara u i (sabr) to examine with a
probe, to probe (‫ ھـ‬a wound); to measure,
sound (‫ ھـ‬s.th., e.g., the depth); to fathom,
explore, examine (‫ ھـ‬s.th.) │ ‫سبر اغوار‬
٣٩٣ ‫ الشيء‬to probe the depth of s.th., get to
the bottom of s.th., study s.th. thoroughly
‫ سبر‬sabr probing (of a wound);
fathoming, exploration, examination
‫ سبار‬sibār pl. ‫ سبر‬subūr probe (med.)
‫ سبورة‬sabūra slate; blackboard
‫ مسبر‬misbar pl. ‫ مسابر‬masābir2 probe
(med.)
‫ مسبار‬misbār pl. ‫ مسابير‬masābīr2 probe
(med.)
‫ سبس‬sibs small wind instrument resembling the
oboe (eg.)
‫ سبسب‬II tasabsaba to be lank (hair); to flow
(tears)
2
‫ سبسب‬sabsaba pl. ‫ سباسب‬sabāsib desert,
wasteland │ ‫( قفر سبسب‬qafr) desert,
wasteland, desolate region
‫ سبط‬sabuṭa u (‫ سبوطة‬subūṭa, ‫ سباطة‬sabāṭa) to be
lank (hair)
‫ سبط‬sabiṭ, sabṭ, sabaṭ pl. ‫ سباط‬sibāṭ lank
(hair) │‫ سبط اليدين‬sabṭ (sabiṭ) al-yadain
liberal, openhanded, generous; ‫ سبط القامة‬s.
al-qāma shapely, well-built, of graceful
stature
‫ سبط‬sibṭ pl. ‫ اسباط‬asbāṭ grandson; tribe
(of the Israelites)
‫ سباط‬sabbāṭ pl. ‫ سبابيط‬sabābīt shoe
‫ سباطة‬subāṭa bunch, cluster (of fruit)
‫ ساباط‬sābāṭ pl. ‫ سوابط‬sawābīṭ2 arcade,
roofed lane or street; archway
‫ سيباط‬sībāṭ and (eg.) ‫ سباط‬subāṭ arcade,
roofed lane or street; archway
‫ سبع‬II to make sevenfold (‫ ھـ‬s.th.); to divide
into seven parts (‫ ھـ‬s.th.)
‫ سبع‬sab‘ pl. ‫ اسبع‬asbu‘,‫ سبوع‬subū‘, ‫سبوعة‬
subū‘a predatory animal, beast of prey;
lion
‫ سبع‬sabu‘ pl. ‫ سباع‬siba‘ predatory
animal, beast of prey; lion
‫ سبعة‬sab‘a (f. ‫ سبع‬sab‘) seven; ‫سبعة عشر‬
sab‘ata ‘ašara (f. ‫ سبع عشرة‬sab‘a ‘ašrata)
seventeen
‫ سبع‬sub‘, subu‘ pl. ‫ اسباع‬asbā‘ one-
seventh
‫ سباعي‬subā‘ī consisting of seven parts;
seven-lettered, consisting of seven letters
‫ سبعون‬sab‘ūn seventy
‫ سبعوني‬sab‘ūnī septuagenarian
‫ الترجمة السبعينية‬at-tajyama as-sab‘īnīya
the Septuagint
‫( السبوعات‬Hebr. šebū‘ōt) as-sabū‘āt
Shabuoth, the Feast of Weeks, or
Pentecost, of the Jews
‫ اسبوع‬usbū‘ pl. ‫ اسابيع‬asābī‘2 week │
‫ اسبوع اآلالم‬Passion Week (Chr.)
‫ اسبوعي‬usbū‘ī weekly; ‫ اسبوعيا‬weekly,
by the week
‫ اسبوعية‬usbū‘īya weekly feature (radio)
‫ السابع‬as-sābi‘ the seventh
‫ سبغ‬sabaga u a (‫ سبغ‬subūg) to be long and
wide; to abound, be abundant IV to make
wide, widen (‫ ھـ‬s.th.); to make (‫ ھـ‬s.th.)
complete; to bestow amply (‫ على‬upon s.o.,
‫ ھـ‬s.th.), shower (‫ ھـ على‬s.o. with); to lend,
 impart liberally (‫ ھـ على‬to s.th. s.th.); to ‫ سبق‬sabqa: ‫ سبقة القلم‬s. al-qalam slip of
attribute, ascribe (‫ على‬to s.o., ‫ ھـ‬qualities) the pen, lapsus calami
│ ‫ اسبغ الوضوء‬to perform the ritual ablution ‫ سبقة‬subqa stake (in a race)
properly (Isl. Law)
‫ سباق‬sabbāq anticipatory; precursory;
‫ سابغ‬sābig pl. ‫ سوابغ‬sawābig2 long and triumphant │ ‫ قطار سباق‬fast train, express
loose-fitting (garment); full, complete, train; -- (pl. -ūn) precursor; winner in
perfect; excessive, abundant, ample contest; O race-car driver
‫ سبق‬sabaqa i u (sabq) to be, come, go, get, or ‫ اسبق‬asbaq2 earlier, antecedent;
act, before or ahead of s.o. or s.th. (‫ ه‬،‫)ھـ‬, preceding, previous, prior; former, ex- │
precede, antecede (‫ ه‬،‫ ھـ‬s.o., s.th., in place ‫( المقيم األسبق‬muqīm) the ex-resident
and time), arrive before s.o. (‫ )ه‬at (‫ ;)الى‬to
outstrip, outdistance, leave behind (‫ ه‬،‫ھـ‬ ‫ اسبقية‬asbaqīya precedence, priority;
s.o., s.th.); to forestall (‫ ھـ‬s.th.); to seniority
anticipate (o s.th.); to do 394 or say s.th. ( ‫ سبق‬sibāq race (esp. of horses); contest
‫ )الى‬spontaneously before one can be │‫ متر‬١٠٠×٤ ‫( سباق تتابع‬s. tatābu‘) 4X100 m
stopped; to turn spontaneously, relay race; ‫ حصان السباق‬race horse; ‫حلبة‬
instinctively, without knowing why (‫ الى‬to ‫ )ميدان( السبق‬ḥalbat (maidān) as-s. race
s.th.); to surpass, beat (‫ على‬or ‫ ه‬s.o.) │‫سبق‬ track; ‫ سباق القوارب‬regatta, boat race; ‫سباق‬
‫( له ان فعله‬an fa‘alahū) he had already done ‫ التسلح‬s. at-tasalluḥ arms race
it before; ‫( سبق له ان قابله‬an qābalahū) he
had met him before (paraphrasing the ‫ مسابقة‬musābaqa pl. -āt race (esp. of
pluperfect); ‫( سبق لنا القول ان‬qaulu) we have horses); contest; competition; emulation
previously (already) said that ...; ‫سبق الحكم‬ ‫ تسابق‬tasābuq emulation; competition
‫( عليه ب‬ḥukmu) he had been previously
sentenced to …; ‫ سبق لي‬it happened to me ‫ سابق‬sābiq pl. -ūn, ‫ سباق‬subbāq
before, I experienced before (‫ ان‬that); ‫لم‬ antecedent, preceding, foregoing,
‫ يسبق لي ان‬I have never before ...; ‫لم يسبق له‬ previous, prior; former, ex-; retired, ret.;
‫( مثيل‬as) there has never been one before, ‫ سابقا‬sābiqan formerly, previously │‫سابق‬
(which is) unprecedented; ‫ سبق السيف العذل‬s. ‫( ألوانه‬li-awānihī) premature; ‫في السابق‬
s-saifu l-‘adla (the sword anticipated formerly, at one time, once; ‫ كالسابق‬as
censure, i.e.) one has to accept the before; ‫ كسابق العادة‬as it was customary
accomplished fact, there is (was) nothing before; as usual; ‫( المبلغ السابق صرفه‬mablag,
one can (could) do about it, it is (was) ṣarfuhū) the payment already effected
already too late; ‫( سبقه لسانه‬lisānuhū) to ‫ سابقة‬sābiqa precedence, priority;
burst out impulsively (with an utterance) previous case, precedent; previous, earlier
II to cause (‫ ھـ‬s.th.) to precede or publication of an author; pl. ‫سوابق‬
antecede; to premise (‫ ھـ‬s.th.); to do or sawābiq2 antecedents; previous
give (‫ ھـ‬s.th.) prematurely III to try to get convictions │‫ ذوي( السوابق‬or) ‫من اصحاب‬
ahead of s.o. (‫ ;)ه‬to try to defeat or beat (‫ه‬ previously convicted; ‫( من له سوابق‬man)
s.o.), seek to get the better of s.o. (‫ ;)ه‬to (one) previously convicted; recidivous
race (‫ ه‬s.o.), run a race (‫ ه‬with s.o.); to criminal
compete, vie (‫ ه‬with s.o.) VI to try to get
‫ سابقية‬sābiqīya: ‫ سابقية القصد‬s. al-qaṣd
ahead of one another, seek to outdo one
premeditation (jur.)
another. compete, vie; to try to beat one
another (‫ الى‬to ) VIII = VI ‫ غير مسبوق‬gair masbūq unprecedented
‫ سبق‬sabaq antecedence; precedence, ‫ مسبقا‬musabbaqan prematurely, in
priority │ ‫ سبق اإلصرار‬s. al-isrār advance
premeditation, willfulness (jur.); ‫ميزة السبق‬ ‫ مسابق‬musābiq pl. -ūn competitor;
mīzat as-s. initiative; ‫ احرز قصد السبق‬see contestant; racer, runner
‫احرز‬
‫ متسابق‬mvla.tdbiq competitor;
‫ سبق‬sabaq pl. ‫ اسباق‬asbāq stake (in a contestant
race)
‫ سبك‬sabaka i u (sabk) to found, cast (‫ ھـ‬metal),
smelt (‫ ھـ‬ore); to form, shape, mold (‫ه‬
s.o.); to formulate (‫ ھـ‬s.th.); to polish the
style (‫ ھـ‬of s.th.) II to found, cast (‫ھـ‬
metal), smelt (‫ ھـ‬ore); to braise, stew (‫ھـ‬
s.th.) VII to be poured into a mold, be cast
‫ سبك‬sabk founding, outing; cast (also
fig., = arrangement); formulation (of an
expression); shaping, forming (of a
person) │‫ صناعة سبك المعادن‬metallurgic
industry; ‫( سبك ودقة‬diqqa) accuracy,
precision
‫ سباك‬sabbāk smelter, founder
‫ سباكة‬sibāka founder’s trade and activity
‫ سبيكة‬sabīka pl. ‫ سبائك‬sabā’ik2 ingot
‫ مسبك‬masbak pl. ‫ مسابك‬masābik2 foundry
‫ تسبيك‬tasbīk stewing, braising (in a
covered dish, with scant moisture)
‫ سبل‬II to dedicate to charitable purposes (‫ھـ‬
s.th.) IV to let (‫ ھـ‬s.th.) hang down; to let
fall, drop (‫ ھـ‬a curtain, drape, etc. ‫على‬
over); to close, shut (‫ على‬the eyes); to shed
(‫ على‬tears); to ear, form ears
‫ سبل‬sabal (coll.; n. un. ‫ )ة‬ears (of
cereals)
‫ سبلة‬sabla manure, dung
‫ سبلة‬sabala pl. ‫ سبال‬sibāl mustache
‫ سبيل‬sabīl m. and f., pl. ‫ سبل‬subul, ‫اسبلة‬
asbila way, road, path; access; means,
expedient, possibility (‫ الى‬to, for; -- pl. ‫اسبلة‬
asbila) public fountain); -- pl. ‫ سبالن‬siblān)
clay pipe bowl, clay pipe (of the
Bedouins) │‫ ابن السبيل‬ibn as-s. vagabond,
tramp; wayfarer, traveler; ‫ في سبيل‬for the
sake of, for, in behalf of, in the interest of;
‫ بسبيل‬or ‫ عن سبيل‬by means of, through, by;
‫ في سبيل ﷲ‬for the cause of God, in behalf
of God and his religion; ‫ علي سبيل‬by way
of, for: e.g., ‫( على سبيل التجربة‬tajriba) for a
try, tentatively, ‫( على سبيل الفكاھة‬fukāha) for
fun, ‫ ذكر الشيء على سبيل المثال‬to quote s.th.
as an example; ‫ خلى سبيله‬see ‫خلو؛ ضاقت به‬
‫ السبل‬he was at his wit’s end; ‫ليس علي في ذلك‬
‫( سبيل‬laisa ‘alayya) there is nothing to
keep me from doing that, I am free to do
that, it is no sin if I do that
‫ سابل‬sābil: ‫ طريق سابلة‬a public, much-
frequented road
‫ السابلة‬as-sābila the passers-by
‫ مسبول‬masbūl lowered, down (curtain)
‫ اسباني‬،‫ األسبان‬look up alphabetically
‫( سبنسة‬eg.) sibinsa pl. -āt caboose, brake van;
baggage car (railroad)
‫ سبه‬sabah dotage
‫‘ عقل مسبوه‬aql masbūh impaired mind
(esp. due to old age), feeble-mindedness
‫ سبھلال‬sabahlalan indifferently, aimlessly,
haphazardly, at random
‫ سباھلة‬sabāhila people without work,
idlers, loafers
‫ سباھى‬look up alphabetically
‫ سبا‬look up alphabetically
‫( سبور‬Fr. sport) sbōr sport(s)
‫ سبى‬sabā i (saby, ‫ سباء‬sibā’) to take prisoner,
capture; to lead into captivity (esp. in
war); to captivate, fascinate, enchant,
charm, beguile, intrigue (‫ ه‬،‫ ھـ‬s.o., s.th.)
VIII = I
‫ سبي‬saby capture; captivity
‫ سبي‬sabīy pl. ‫ سبايا‬sabāyā captive,
prisoner( of war)
‫ سبية‬sabīya (female) prisoner
‫ سبيداج‬sibīdāj white lead, ceruse
‫ سبيذاج‬sibīdāj white lead, ceruse
‫ س ت‬abbreviation of ‫ سجل تجاري‬sijill tijārī
commercial register
‫ است‬buttocks, backside 396
1
‫ ستة‬sitta (f. ‫ ست‬sitt) six; ‫ ستة عشر‬sittata ‘ašara
(f. ‫ ست عشرة‬sitta ‘ašrata) sixteen
‫ ستون‬sittūn sixty
‫ ستونى‬sittūnī sexagenarian
‫ السات‬as-sātt the sixth
2
□‫ ست‬sitt pl. -āt lady │‫ ست الحسن‬s. al-ḥusn a
variety of morning-glory (Ipomoea cairica
Webb.; bot.); also = belladonna, deadly
nightshade (bot.)
‫ استاذ‬pl. ‫ اساتذة‬look up alphabetically
‫ ستر‬satara u i (satr) to cover, veil (‫ ه‬،‫ ھـ‬s.o.,
s.th.); to hide, conceal (‫ ه‬،‫ ھـ‬s.o., s.th., ‫عن‬
from); to disguise (‫ عن ھـ‬s.th. from s.o.); to
 shield, guard, protect (‫ ه‬s.o., ‫ ھـ‬s.th., ‫عن‬
against or from); to forgive (‫ ھـ على‬s.o
.s.th.), overlook, condone s.th. (‫ )ھـ‬done
by s.o. (‫ )على‬II = I; V to be covered, be
veiled; to cover o.s., hide o.s., be
concealed (‫ على‬from) VIII to cover o.s.,
hide o.s.; to be veiled, be hidden, be
concealed (‫ على‬from)
‫ ستر‬sitr pl. ‫ ستور‬sutūr, ‫ استار‬astār veil;
screen; curtain, drape, window curtain;
covering; cover (also mil.); protection,
shelter, guard, shield; pretext, excuse
‫ سترة‬sutra pl. ‫ ستر‬sutar jacket; tunic
‫ ستري‬sutarī (eg.) clown, buffoon
‫ ستار‬sitār pl. ‫ ستر‬sutur veil, screen;
covering; curtain, drape; pretext, excuse │
‫ الستار الحديدي‬the Iron Curtain (pol.); ‫الستار‬
‫( الفضي‬fiḍḍī) motion-picture screen; ‫ستار من‬
‫ )النار )النيران‬barrage (mil.); ‫رفع الستار عن‬
‫ الشيء‬to disclose, unveils, s.th. (also a
monument); ‫ من وراء الستار‬behind the
scenes, backstage (fig.)
‫ الستار‬as-sattār the Veiler, the Coverer
(attribute of God)
‫ ستارة‬sitāra pl. ‫ ستائر‬satā’ir2 veil;
screen; curtain, drape, window curtain;
cover, covering
‫ تستر‬tasattur cover (mil.)
O ‫ ساتر‬sātir screen, folding screen
‫ مستور‬mastūr hidden, invisible; masked;
chaste; (one) having a blameless record
(Isl. Law); pl. ‫ مساتير‬masātīr2 hidden,
secret things
‫ متستر‬mutasattir O anonymous
‫ مستتر‬mustatir hidden, concealed,
latent; understood, implied (pronoun)
‫ ستف‬II to stack up, store up, stow (‫ ھـ‬goods); to
arrange
‫ تستيف‬tastīf stacking, stowing, storage
‫ سته‬sath, sith, satah pl. ‫ استاه‬astāh buttocks,
backside
‫ سجارة‬sigāra pl. -āt, ‫ سجائر‬sagā’ir2, ‫سجاير‬
sagāyir2 (Eg. spelling) cigarette
2 2
‫ اسجح‬asjaḥ f. ‫ سجحاء‬sajḥā’ well-
shaped, shapely, beautiful
‫ سجد‬sajadah u (‫ سجود‬sujūd) to bow down, bow
in worship; to throw o.s. down, prostrate
o.s. (‫ ل‬before); to worship ( God)
‫ سجدة‬sajda pl. sajadāt prostration in
prayer │ ‫ احد السجدة‬aḥa as-s. Whitsunday
(Chr.)
‫ سجود‬sujūd prostration, adoration,
warship; also pl. of ‫ ساجد‬sājid (see below)
‫ سجاد‬sajjād pl. -ūn worshiper (of God)
‫ سجادة‬sajjāda, coll. ‫ سجاد‬sajjād pl. ‫سجاجيد‬
sajājīd2 prayer rug; rug, carpet │ ‫صاحب‬
‫ السجادة‬and ‫ شيخ السجادة‬title of the leaders of
certain dervish orders in their capacity of
inheritors of the founder’s prayer rug
‫ مسجد‬masjid pl. ‫ مساجد‬masājid2 mosque
│ ‫( مسجد جامع‬jāmi‘) large mosque, mosque
where the Friday prayer is conducted;
‫( المسجد الحرام‬ḥarām) the Holy Mosque in
Mecca; ‫( المسجد األقصى‬aqṣā) name of a
mosque on Jerusalem’s Temple Square;
397 ‫ المسجدان‬the two Mosques (of Mecca
and Medina)
‫ ساجد‬sājid pl. ‫ سجد‬sujjad, ‫ سجود‬sujūd
prostrate in adoration, worshiping
1
‫ سجر‬sajara u to fire up, heat (‫ ھـ‬a stove, an
oven, etc.) II to cause to overflow (‫ھـ‬
water)
‫ مسجر‬musajjar long and flowing (of
hair)
2
‫ سجارة‬look up alphabetically
‫ سجس‬II to upset (‫ ه‬s.o.)
‫ سجع‬saja‘a a (saj‘) to coo (pigeon); to speak in
rhymed prose II to speak in rhymed prose
‫ سجع‬rhymed prose
‫ سجعة‬saj‘a a passage of rhymed prose
‫ ساجع‬composer of rhymed prose
‫ سجف‬sajf, sijf pl. ‫ اسجاف‬asjāf, ‫ سجوف‬sujūf
curtain, veil
‫ سجاف‬sijāf pl. ‫ سجف‬sujuf curtain, veil
‫( سجق‬Turk. sucuk) sujuq sausage │‫سجق محمر‬
(muḥammar) fried, or grilled, sausage
‫ سجل‬II to register, enter (‫ ھـ‬s.th.), make an
entry (‫ ھـ‬of s.th.); to note down, record (‫ھـ‬
s.th.), make a note of (‫ ;)ھـ‬to have (‫ ھـ‬s.th.)
recorded, put (‫ ھـ‬s.th.) on record, make a
 deposition or statement for the official
records; to document, prove by
documentary evidence (‫ ھـ‬s.th.); to give
evidence (‫ ھـ‬or s.th.); to score (‫ ھـ‬s.th.,
e.g., ‫ اصابة‬a hit); to put down, write down,
book (‫ على ھـ‬s.th. to s.o.’s debit); to record
(‫ ھـ‬s.th., said of an apparatus; also, e.g., ‫في‬
‫ الشرائط المسجلة‬on tape); to capture, catch (‫ھـ‬
a scene); to set (‫ ھـ‬a record; athlet.); to
register (‫ ھـ‬a letter); to enter (‫ ھـ‬s.th.) in the
commercial register; to have (‫ ھـ‬an
invention) patented, secure a patent (‫ ھـ‬on)
│ ‫سجل على نفسه ان‬to go on record for (doing
or being s.th.) III to rival, contend; to
dispute, debate (‫ ه‬with s.o.); to contest (‫ه‬
s.o.’s right ‫ ھـ‬to s.th.) │‫ساجله الحديث‬
(ḥadīta) to draw s.o. into a conversation,
have a talk with s.o.
‫ سجل‬sijill pl. -āt scroll; register; list,
index; ‫ سجالت‬records, archives │‫السجل‬
‫( التجاري‬tijārī) commercial register; ‫السجل‬
‫( الذھبي‬dahabī) Golden Book; ‫سجل الزيارات‬
visitors’ book, guest book; ‫سجل التشريفات‬
list of visitors (dipl.); or ‫سجل األطيان‬
‫ ) سجالت‬or) cadastre, land register; ‫السجل‬
‫‘( العقاري‬aqārī) do.
‫ تسجيل‬tasjīl pl. -āt entering, entry,
registration; documentation;
authentication; booking; recording; tape-
recording; registering (of mail) │‫تسجيل‬
‫‘( عقاري‬aqārī) entry in the land register; ‫آلة‬
‫( تسجيل الصوت‬t. aṣ-ṣaut) tape recorder
‫ سجال‬sijāl contest, competition with
alternate success │‫كانت الحرب بينھم سجاال‬
(ḥarb) their battle had its ups and downs,
they fought each other with alternate
success
‫ سح‬saḥḥa u i (saḥḥ, ‫ سحوح‬suḥūḥ) to flow
‫ مساجلة‬musājala pl. -āt contest,
competition; discussion, talk
‫ مسجل‬musajjil pl. -ūn registrar; notary
public; (pl. -āt) tape recorder │‫شريط مسجل‬
pl. ‫ شرائط مسجلة‬magnetic tape; ‫مسجل الكلية‬
m. al-kullīya secretary of the faculty
‫ مسجل‬musajjal registered, etc. (see II) │
‫ رسالة مسجلة‬registered letter; ‫مراسالت مسجلة‬
(murāsalāt) registered mail; ‫اطنان مسجلة‬
register tons; ‫( حفلة مسجلة‬ḥafla) concert of
recorded music
‫ سجم‬sajama u (‫ سجوم‬sujūm, ‫ سجام‬sijām) to flow,
stream, well forth (tears, water); -- sajama
i (sajm, ‫ سجوم‬sujūm, ‫ سجمان‬sajamān) to
pour forth (‫ ھـ‬water), shed (‫ ھـ‬tears) IV to
shed (‫ ھـ‬tears) VII to flow, stream, well
forth (water); to be fluent, elegant
(speech); to be harmonious; to harmonize,
be in keeping (‫ مع‬with 398
‫ انسجام‬insijām fluency; harmony; order
‫ منسجم‬munsajim harmonious
‫ سجن‬sajana u (sajn) to jail, imprison (‫ ه‬s.o.)
‫ سجن‬sajn detention, imprisonment
‫ سجن‬sijn pl. ‫ سجون‬sujūn prison, jail
‫ سجين‬sajīn pl. ‫ سجناء‬sujanā’2, ‫سجنى‬
sajnā imprisoned, jailed, captive; prisoner,
prison inmate, convict
‫ سجينة‬sajīna pl. -āt female prisoner
‫ سجان‬sajjān jailer, prison guard, warden
‫ مسجون‬masjūn pl. ‫ مساجين‬masājīn2
imprisoned, jailed, captive; prisoner,
prison inmate, convict
‫ )سجا )سجو‬sajā u (‫ سجو‬sajw, ‫ سجو‬sujūw) to be
calm, quiet, tranquil (night, sea) II to
cover with a winding sheet, to shroud (
‫ الميت‬al-mayyita the deceased) V to cover
o.s. (‫ ھـ‬with a garment)
‫ سجية‬sajīya pl. -āt, ‫ سجايا‬sajāyā nature,
natural disposition, temper, character; pl.
characteristics, traits │ ‫عن سجية‬of one’s
own accord, spontaneously
‫ ساج‬sājin quiet, calm, tranquil; dark
(night)
‫ مسجى‬musajjan covered with a winding
sheet, shrouded (corpse); laid out (corpse)
down, flow, fun, stream │ ‫سحت السماء‬
saḥḥat is-samā’ it rained cats and dogs
‫‘ عين سحاحة‬ain saḥḥāḥ tearful eye
‫ سحب‬saḥaba a (saḥb) to trail on the ground,
drag along (‫ ھـ‬s.th.); to withdraw (‫ ه‬،‫ ھـ‬s,o.,
s.th., also, e.g., a measure, an order, etc.);
to pull out (‫ ھم‬troops, ‫ عن‬from); to take
away (‫ ھـ من‬from s.o. s.th.), strip,
dispossess, divest (‫ ھـ من‬s.o. of); to draw (
‫ ھـ‬water); to take out, withdraw (‫ ھـ‬money,
from an account); to draw (‫ ھـ‬a bill of
exchange, a lot); to unsheathe, draw (‫ ھـ‬a
sword); to apply, make applicable (‫على ھـ‬
 s.th. to; said of a law or statute) │ ‫سحب‬
‫‘(العمل به على‬amala) to extend the
applicability of s.th. to ... VII to drag o.s.
along, struggle along; to retreat, withdraw,
pull out, fall back (‫ من‬from); to be drawn
out; to be applied (‫ على‬to; of a law or
statute)
‫ سحب‬saḥb withdrawal (of troops, of
measures, of rights, of money from an
account, etc.); (pl. ‫ سحوبات‬suhūbāt)
drawing (in a lottery)
‫ سحاب‬saḥāb (coll.) clouds
‫ سحابة‬saḥāba (n. un.) pl. ‫ سحائب‬suḥub,
‫ سحائب‬saḥā’ib2 cloud; (pl. -āt) umbrella
(magr.); ‫ سحابة‬saḥābata during, in the
course of │‫ )سحابة النھار )اليوم‬saḥābata n-
nahār (l-yaum) all day long; ‫سرنا سحابة‬
sirnā saḥābata yauminā we have bean
traveling all day; ‫ سحابة اربعة قرون‬in the
course of four centuries
‫ سحابة‬suḥāba film on the eye
‫ سحاب‬saḥḥāb (Syr., Pal.) zipper, slide
fastener
‫ مسحب‬maṣḥab: ‫ مسحب الھواء‬m. al-hawā’
source of the breeze or draft; draft (of air)
‫ انسحاب‬insiḥāb withdrawal, retreat,
pulling out, evacuation (esp. mil.);
resignation; stretching, extension
‫ ساحب‬sāḥib drawer (of a bill of
exchange)
‫ المسحوب عليه‬al-masḥūb ‘alaihi drawee
(of a bill of exchange)
‫ سحت‬suḥt, suḥut pl. ‫ اسحات‬asḥāt s.th. forbidden
or banned; illegal possessions, ill-gotten
property
‫ سحتوت‬saḥtūt Eg. square measure of 0.304 m
(= 1/24 sahm); -- suḥtūt penny
‫ سحج‬saḥaja a (saḥj) to scrape off, shave off,
scratch off, rub off (‫ ھـ‬s.th.); to graze,
abrade (‫ ھـ‬the skin), strip off (‫ ھـ‬s.th.) II to
scrape off, abrade, strip off (‫ ھـ‬s.th.) 399
‫ مسحج‬misḥaj pl. ‫ مساحج‬masāḥij2 plane
(tool)
2
‫ مسحجة‬misḥaja pl. ‫ مساحج‬masāḥij
planing machine, planer
‫ مسحاج‬misḥāj pl. ‫ مساحيج‬masāḥij2 plane
(tool)
‫ مسحوج‬masḥūj raw, sore (like a skin
abrasion)
‫ سحر‬saḥara a (siḥr) to bewitch, charm,
enchant, infatuate, fascinate (‫ ه‬،‫ ھـ‬s.o.,
s.th.); to wheedle, coax (‫ ه‬s.o.) II = I; V to
have a light meal (shortly before
daybreak)
‫ سحر‬saḥar, suḥr pl. ‫ سحور‬suḥūr, ‫اسحار‬
asḥār lungs, pulmonary region of the
body
‫ سحر‬siḥr bewitchment, beguilement,
enchantment, fascination; -- (pl. ‫اسحار‬
asḥār, ‫ سحور‬suḥūr) sorcery, witchcraft,
magic; charm (of a woman)
‫ سحري‬siḥrī magic(al) │ ‫فانوس سحري‬
(fānūs) magic lantern, slide projector
‫ سحر‬saḥar pl. ‫ اسحار‬asḥār time before
daybreak, early morning, dawn
‫ سحور‬saḥūr last meal before daybreak
during the month of Ramadan
‫ سحار‬saḥḥār pl. -ūn sorcerer, magician,
wizard, charmer
‫ سحارة‬saḥḥāra sorceress, witch
‫ سحارة‬saḥḥāra pl. -āt culvert; (pl.
‫( سحاحير‬saḥāhīr2) case, crate, chest, box
‫ مساحر‬masāḥir2: ‫( انتفخت مساحره‬intafakat)
his lungs became inflated (out of fear or
pride)
‫ ساحر‬sāḥir charming, enchanting; (pl.
-ūn, ‫ سحرة‬saḥara, ‫ سحار‬suḥḥār) sorcerer,
enchanter, magician, wizard, charmer
‫ ساحرة‬sāḥira pl. -āt, ‫ سواحر‬sawāḥir2
sorceress, witch
‫ سحق‬saḥaqa a (saḥq) to crush (‫ ه‬،‫ھـ‬
2 s.o., s.th.); to pound, bruise, powder,
pulverize (‫ ھـ‬s.th.); to annihilate, wipe out
(‫ ھـ‬s.th., e.g., an army); to wear out (‫ھـ‬
clothing); -- saḥiqa a, saḥuqa u (suḥq) to
be distant, far away, remote II to crush; to
annihilate, destroy V and VII to be
crushed, be pounded, be bruised, be
pulverized
‫ سحق‬saḥq crushing, bruising,
pulverization; (pl. ‫ سحوق‬suhūq) worn
garment, rag
‫ سحق‬suḥq, suḥuq distance, remoteness;
depth, vastness (of an abyss) │‫سحقا له‬
 suḥqan lahū away with him! to hell with
him!
‫ سحيق‬saḥīq far away, distant, remote;
deep, bottomless (abyss, depth)
‫ مساحقة‬musāḥaqa and ‫ سحاق‬siḥāq
tribady, Lesbianism
‫ انسحاق القلب‬insiḥāq al-qalb contrition,
penitence, repentance
‫ ساحق‬sāḥiq crushing; overwhelming
(majority)
‫ مسحوق‬masḥūq ground, grated (bread,
nutmeg, etc.); (pl. ‫ مساحق‬masāḥiq2)
powder │ ‫ مسحوق الفحم‬m. al-faḥm coal dust
‫ منسحق القلب‬m. al-qalb contrite, penitent,
repentant
‫ سحل‬saḥala a (saḥl) to scrape off, shave off,
peel (‫ ھـ‬s.th.); to smooth, make smooth (‫ھـ‬
s.th.); to plane (‫ ھـ‬s.th.); to file (‫ ھـ‬s.th.)
‫ سحالة‬saḥāla filings, file dust
‫ سحلية‬siḥlīya pl. saḥālin lizard (eg.)
‫ مسحل‬misḥa1 pl. ‫ مساحل‬masāḥil2 tool for
smoothing, plane; file
‫ ساحل‬sāḥil pl. ‫ سواحل‬sawāḥil2 littoral,
coast, seashore; (Eg.) river harbor,
anchorage (on the Nile) │‫ حفر السواحل‬kafar
as-s. coast guard; ‫( ال ساحل له‬sāḥila)
shoreless
‫ ساحلي‬sāḥilī coastal, littoral; (pl. ‫سواحلة‬
sawāḥila) coastal inhabitant; Swahili 400
‫ سحلب‬saḥlab salep (dried tuber of various
species of Orchis); a sweet drink made of
salep
‫ سحم‬saḥam blackness, black color
‫ سحمة‬suḥma blackness, black color
‫ سحام‬suḥām blackness black color
‫ اسحم‬asḥam2, f. ‫ سحماء‬saḥmā’2, pl. ‫سحم‬
suḥum black
‫ سحن‬saḥana a (saḥn) to crush, pound, bruise,
grind (‫ ھـ‬s.th.); to smooth by rubbing (‫ھـ‬
s.th.)
‫ سحنة‬saḥna and saḥana pl. saḥanāt, ‫سحن‬
suḥan (external) appearance, look(s);
facial expression, air, mien
‫ مسحنة‬misḥana pl. ‫ مساحن‬masāḥin2
pestle
‫ سحاءة‬siḥā’a pl. ‫ سحايا‬saḥāyā cerebral
membrane, cortex
‫ سحائي‬siḥā’ī meningeal │‫مرض االلتھاب‬
‫( السحائي‬maraḍ al-ilt.) meningitis
‫ مسحاة‬misḥāh pl. ‫ مساح‬masāḥin iron
shovel, spade
‫ سختيان‬suktiyān, siktiyān morocco (leather)
‫ سخر‬sakira a (sakar, sakr, sukur, sukr, ‫سخرة‬
sukra, ‫ مسخر‬maskar) to laugh, scoff, jeer,
sneer (‫ من‬or ‫ ب‬at), mock, ridicule, deride (
‫ من‬or ‫ ب‬s.o., s.th.), make fun (‫ من‬or ‫ ب‬of)
II to subject, make subservient (‫ ه‬s.o., ‫ھـ‬
s.th., ‫ ل‬to or for the purpose of); to make
serviceable (‫ ل ھـ‬s.th. to), employ, utilize,
turn to profitable account (‫ ل ھـ‬s.th. for),
make use (‫ ه‬،‫ ھـ‬of, ‫ ل‬for); to exploit (‫ ه‬s.o.,
‫ ھـ‬s.th., ‫ ل‬for) V to reduce to servitude,
subjugate (‫ ه‬s.o.); to scoff, jeer, sneer
‫ سخرة‬sukra laughingstock, target of
ridicule; corvée, statute labor, forced labor
│ ‫ رجال السخرة‬serfs, bondsmen; ‫اعمال السخرة‬
forced labor, slave labor
‫ سخري‬sukrī, sikrī laughingstock, target
of ridicule; corvée, statute labor, forced
labor
‫ سخرية‬sukrīya scorn, derision, mockery,
irony; laughingstock, object of ridicule
‫ مسخرة‬maskara pl. -āt, ‫ مساخر‬masākir2
object of ridicule, laughingstock;
ridiculous, droll, ludicrous; masquerade
‫ تسخير‬taskīr subjugation, subjection;
exploitation
‫ مسخر‬musakkir oppressor
‫ سخط‬sakiṭa a (sakal) to be annoyed (‫ على‬or ‫ ه‬،‫ھـ‬
at s.o., at s.th.), be displeased, be angry (‫ھـ‬
or ‫ ه‬with s.o.), resent (‫ على‬or ‫ ھـ‬s.th.) IV to
discontent, embitter (‫ ه‬s.o.); to anger,
exasperate, enrage (‫ ه‬s.o.) V = I
‫ سخط‬sukut, sukṭ, sakat discontent,
annoyance, displeasure, indignation,
anger, irritation, exasperation; wrath,
bitterness, grudge, resentment
‫ مسخطة‬maskaṭa pl. ‫ مساخط‬masākiṭ2
object of annoyance, of wrath, of anger
‫ مسخوط‬maskūt loathsome, hated,
odious; (pl. ‫ مساخيط‬masākīṭ) (eg.) idol
 ‫ تسخط‬tasaḳḳut annoyance, displeasure,
anger, wrath
‫ سخف‬sakafa u (sukf, ‫ سخافة‬sakāfa) to be feeble
(wit); to be stupid, foolish
‫ سخف‬sakufa feeble-mindedness,
dimwittedness; imbecility, idiocy;
nonsense, foolishness, folly
‫ سخيف‬sakīf pl. ‫ سخاف‬sikāf stupid,
fatuous, simple-minded; absurd, silly,
ridiculous, foolish; despicable, inferior;
(pl. ‫ سخفاء‬sukafā’) fool
‫ سخافة‬sakāfa feeble-mindedness
dimwittedness; (pl. -āt) folly, silly thing to
do, childish prank
‫ سخائف‬sakā’if silly things 401
‫ سخلة‬sakla pl. ‫ سخال‬sikāl lamb
‫ سخم‬II to make black, blacken with soot,
besmut (‫ ھـ‬s.th.) │ ‫(سخم بصدره‬bi-ṣadrihī) to
irritate s.o., make s.o. angry V to hate (‫على‬
s.o.), harbor resentment (‫ على‬against s.o.),
be angry (‫ على‬with)
‫ سخم‬sakam blackness
‫ سخمة‬sukma blackness; hatred,
resentment, ill will
‫ سخام‬sukam soot, smut
‫ سخيمة‬sakīma pl. ‫ سخائم‬sakā’im hatred,
resentment, ill will
‫ سخن‬sakuna u, sakana u and sakina a (
‫ سخونة‬sukūna, ‫ سخانة‬sakāna, ‫ سخنة‬sukna) to
be or become hot or warm; to warm (up);
to be feverish II to make hot, to beat,
warm (‫ ھـ‬s.th.) IV = II
‫ سخن‬sukn hot, warm
‫ سخانة‬sakāna heat, warmth
‫ سخونة‬sukūna heat, warmth
O ‫ سخان‬sakkān, ‫ سخان مياه‬s. miyāh
boiler, hot-water tank
O ‫ سخانة‬sakkāna hot-water bottle │‫سخانة‬
‫ الحمام‬s. al-ḥammām bath heater, geyser
‫ سخانات‬sakkānāt hot springs
‫ ساخن‬sākin pl. ‫ سخان‬sukkān hot, warm
(‫ سخو‬and ‫ سخي( سخا‬sakā u, ‫ سخي‬sakiya a (‫سخاء‬
sakā’) and ‫ سخو‬sakuwa u (‫ سخاوة‬sakāwa)
to be liberal. generous (‫ ب على‬with s.th.
toward s.o.); to grant, award (‫ ب‬s.th., ‫على‬
to s.o.), confer, bestow (‫ ب‬s.th., ‫ على‬upon
s.o.) V to show o.s. generous, display
liberality; to endeavor to be liberal or
generous VI = V
‫ سخاء‬sakā’ liberality, munificence,
generosity
‫ سخي‬sakīy pl. ‫ اسخياء‬askiyā’ liberal,
openhanded, generous; giving generously
(‫ ب‬s.th.), being lavish (‫ ب‬with) │‫سخية أموال‬
ample funds; ‫( سخي النفس عن الشيء‬s. an-
nafs) only too glad to relinquish or give up
s.th.
‫ سخاوة‬sakāwa generosity
‫ سد‬sadda u (sadd) to plug up, close up, stop up
(‫ ھـ‬s.th.); to clog, congest (‫ ھـ‬s.th.); to bar,
obstruct, block up, barricade (‫ ھـ‬s.th., ‫على‬
‫ ھـ‬to s.o. s.th.); to block, blockade (‫ھـ‬
s.th.); to cork, plug, stopper (‫ ھـ‬s.th.); to
pay, defray, settle, cover (‫ ھـ‬s.th., esp.
expenses, a debt, etc.); to fulfill, satisfy,
meet (‫ ھـ‬a claim, and the like) │ ‫سد‬
‫(ثغرة‬tugratan) to fill a gap, close a breach;
‫( سد ثلمة‬tulmatan) to fill a gap; ‫سد خلة‬
(kallatan) to remedy a shortcoming; ‫سد‬
‫( حاجته‬ḥājatahū) to meet s.o.’s need,
provide for s.o.; ‫( سد رمقه‬ramaqahū) to
keep s.o. or o.s. barely alive, eke out an
existence; to provide s.o. with a bare
existences; to allay s.o.’s hunger; ‫سد مسده‬
(masaddahū) to fill s.o.’s place, replace
s.o.; ‫ سد مطاعمه‬to satisfy or fulfill s.o.’s
claims; ‫( سد فراغا‬farāgan) to fill a gap; ‫سد‬
‫ النواقص‬to remove or remedy deficiencies;
-- sadda i (‫ سدود‬sudūd, ‫ سداد‬sadād) to be
sound, right, in proper condition; to hit the
right thing, say or do the right thing; to be
apposite, be to the point II to block, bar,
obstruct (‫ ھـ‬s.th.); to pay, defray, settle,
cover (‫ ھـ‬expenses, debts, etc.); to guide (
‫ نحو‬s.o. to), show (‫ ه‬s.o.) the right way (‫نحو‬
to); to direct (‫ ھـ الى‬s.th. to), point, level (‫ھـ‬
‫ الى‬s.th. at); to aim (‫ الى‬at); to sight, take
aim by a sight; to focus (‫ الى‬on; phot.); to
draw a bead (‫ الى‬or ‫ نحو‬on s.th.) │ ‫سدد‬
‫(دينا‬dainan) to pay or settle a debt; ‫سدد عجزا‬
(‘ajzan) to cover a deficit; ‫سدد خطاه‬
(kuṭāhu) to guide s.o.’s stepa IV to hit the
right thing, say or do the right thing; to be
apposite, be to the point V to be guided,
be directed, be shown (‫ الى‬to) VII to be
blocked, be obstructed, be plugged up,
become or be clogged or congested 402
‫ سد‬sadd plugging, closing, stopping up;
obstruction, barring, barricading;
blocking; defrayment (of costs), payment,
settlement (of a debt, of expenses);
fulfillment, satisfaction (of a claim, etc.);
-- sadd, sudd pl. ‫ سدود‬sudūd, ‫ اسداد‬asdād
obstruction, block, obstacle; barrier;
rampart, bank, mound; dike; dam; weir;
barrage, river dam; bar, rail; hurdle
(athlet.); bulwark (fig.) │‫‘( السد العالى‬ālī)
the High Dam (near Aswān); ‫سد المناطيد‬
balloon barrage (mil.); ‫ حارة السد‬blind alley,
dead end
‫ سدة‬sadda block, barrier; obstruction,
obstacle; barricade; dam │‫السدة الشريانية‬
(širyānīya) embolism (med.)
‫ سدة‬sudda pl. ‫ سدد‬sudad gate, door;
threshold; seat; couch. divan │‫السدة الرسولية‬
‫( ))الباباوية‬rasūlīya) the Holy See
‫ سدد‬sadad obstruction, clogging (of a
pipe)
‫ سداد‬sadād payment, defrayment,
settlement, discharge, liquidation; the
proper, right thing to do, the apposite
thing to say; appropriateness, appositeness
(of a remark), lucky hand (in one’s
actions) │‫ تحت السداد‬outstanding, due,
unpaid (com.); ‫ بسداد‬appropriately,
appositely; ‫ سداد الرأي‬s. ar-ra’y
levelheadedness
‫ سداد‬sudād obstruction in the nose
‫ سداد‬sidād pl. ‫ اسدة‬asidda plug, stopper,
cork │O ‫ سداد التوصيل‬plug (el.)
‫ سدادة‬sidāda plug, stopper, cork; O sight
(of a gun)
‫ سديد‬sadīd hitting the target (arrow,
spear); apposite, pat, pertinent, relevant,
right, correct (answer, view)
‫ اسد‬asadd2 more apposite, more relevant
‫ تسديد‬tasdīd payment, defrayment,
settlement, discharge, liquidation │‫تحت‬
‫ التسديد‬outstanding, due, unpaid (com.)
‫ ساد‬sādd obstructive
‫ مسدود‬masdūd closed (circuit; el.)
□ ‫(سدب‬eg.; sadab) = ‫ سذاب‬sadāb
‫ سدر‬sadira a (sadar, ‫ سدارة‬sadāra) to be
dazzled (eye); to be confused, bewildered,
startled, dazed; to be deluded
‫ سدر‬sidr (coll.; n. un. ‫ )ة‬pl. ‫ سدر‬sidar,
-āt, ‫ سدور‬sudūr a variety of Christ’s-thorn
(Zizyphus spina Christi; bot.); lotus tree │
‫سدرة المنتھى‬s. al-muntahā the lotus tree in
the Seventh Heaven; ‫ بلغ سدرة المنتھى‬to
attain the highest goal, achieve ultimate
results
‫ سدارة‬sidāra pl. ‫ سدائر‬sadā’ir an Iraqi
headgear, commonly of black velvet;
overseas cap
‫ سيدارة‬sīdāra pl. -āt = ‫ سدارة‬sidāra
‫ سادر‬sādir reckless (‫ في‬in s.th.)
‫ سدس‬II to make sixfold (‫ ھـ‬s.th.); to multiply by
six (‫ ھـ‬s.th.); to make hexagonal, make
hexangular (‫ ھـ‬s.th.)
‫ سدس‬suds, sudus pl. ‫ اسداس‬asdās one-
sixth
‫ سداسي‬sudāsī sixfold; consisting of six
parts
‫ السادس‬as-sādis the sixth
‫ مسدس‬muaaddas hexagonal; hexagon;
hexahedral; hexahedron; (pl. -āt) revolver,
sixshooter │ ‫ مسدس اشارة‬m. išāra Very
pistol
 ‫ مسدسة‬musaddasa pistol, gun, revolver
‫ سدف‬sadaf pl. ‫ اسداف‬asdāf darkness, twilight,
dusk
‫ سدف‬sudfa pl. ‫ سدف‬sudaf darkness,
twilight, dusk; curtain
‫ سدل‬sadala u i (sadl) to let (‫ ھـ‬s.th.)
hang down or fall down; to let down,
drop, lower (‫ على‬s.th. on); pass. sudila to
hang down (‫ على‬on) II and IV = I; V to
403 hang down, be lowered, be down VII
to descend (‫ على‬on)
‫ سدل‬sidl, sudl pl. ‫ سدول‬sudūl, ‫ اسدال‬asdāl
veil, curtain
‫ سدم‬VII to dry up (spring)
‫ سدم‬sadam sorrow, sadness, affliction,
grief
‫ سديم‬sadīm pl. ‫ سدم‬sudum mist, haze;
nebula (astron.)
‫ سديمي‬sadīmī nebular; nebulous
‫ سدانة‬sidāna office of gatekeeper or custodian
(of a shrine, specif. of the Kaaba)
‫ سادن‬sādin pl. ‫ سدنة‬sadana custodian,
gatekeeper of the Kaaba; sexton, sacristan
(Chr.); keeper, curator; pl. ‫ سدنة‬crew (of a
machine gun, of a tank, etc.)
(‫ سدو‬and ‫ )سدى‬II to confer (‫ الى ھـ‬a benefit on
s.o.) IV to confer (‫ ل‬or ‫ الى ھـ‬a benefit on
s.o.); to render, perform, do (‫ ھـ‬s.th.) │
‫( اسدى اليه خدمة‬kidma) to render s.o. a
service; ‫( اسدى اليه االرشادات‬iršādāt) to make
suggestions to s.o., advise s.o.; ‫اسدى اليه‬
‫( الشكر‬šukr) to extend one’s thanks to s.o.,
thank s.o.; ‫ اسدى فائدة‬to be beneficial; ‫اسدى‬
‫( اليه )له( النصح‬nuṣḥ) to give s.o. (a word of)
advice; ‫( اسدى اليه يدا‬yadan) to do s.o. a
favor
‫ سدى‬sadan pl. ‫ اسدية‬asdiya warp (of a
fabric); a continuous, prevailing
characteristic or trait, thread (of a story, of
an argument, etc.)
‫ سداة‬sadāh warp (of a fabric); a
continuous, prevailing characteristic or
trait, thread (of a story, of an argument,
etc.)
‫ سدى‬sudan in vain, futilely, to no end,
uselessly │ ‫ذھب سدى‬to be in vain, futile,
useless
‫ سذاب‬sadāb rue, herb of grace (bot.)
‫ سذبي‬sadabī of the rue
‫ سذاجة‬sadāja simplicity; innocence,
ingenuousness, naiveté; homeliness,
plainness; guilelessness
‫ ساذج‬sādaj, sādij pl. ‫ سذج‬suddaj simple;
plain, uncolored, uniform (fabric);
innocent, ingenuous, naive; plain, homely;
artless, guileless, candid, frank
(character); primitive
1
‫( سر‬Pers. sar head) formerly in compounds:
head, chief; ‫ سردار‬sirdār (Eg.) supreme
commander; commanding general;
‫ سرعسكر‬sar‘askar general (in the former
Ottoman army); ‫ سريوران‬saryawarān
adjutant general
2
‫ سر‬sarra u (‫ سرور‬surūr, ‫ تسرة‬tasirra, ‫مسرة‬
masarra) to make happy, gladden, delight,
cheer (‫ ه‬s.o.); pass. surra (‫ سرور‬surūr) to
be happy, glad, delighted (‫ ل‬or ‫ من‬or ‫ ب‬at),
take pleasure (‫ ل‬or ‫ من‬or ‫ ب‬in) II to make
happy, gladden, delight, cheer (‫ ه‬s.o.) III
to confide a secret (‫ ه‬to s.o.) │ ‫ساره في اذنه‬
(udnihī) to whisper in s.o.’s ear IV to
make happy, gladden, delight, cheer (‫ه‬
s.o.); to keep secret, hide, conceal,
disguise (‫ ھـ‬s.th.); to tell confidentially,
confide (‫ ب‬or ‫ ھـ الى‬to s.o. s.th.); to tell
under one’s breath, whisper (‫ ب‬or ‫ ھـ الى‬to
s.o. s.th.) │ ‫( اسر في اذنه‬udnihī) to whisper
in s.o.’s ear (‫ ھـ‬s.th.) V ‫ تسرى‬tasarrā (and
‫ تسرر‬tasarrara) to take (‫ ب‬or ‫ ھا‬a woman)
as concubine (‫ سرية‬surriya) X to try to
hide; to hide, be hidden (‫ عن‬from); to take
as concubine (‫ ھا‬a woman)
‫ سر‬sirr pl. ‫ اسرار‬asrār secret; secret
thought; heart, inmost; secrecy; mystery;
sacrament (Chr.); underlying reason (of
s.th.); ‫ سرا‬sirran secretly, privately │ ‫سرا‬
‫‘( وعالنية‬alāniyatan) secretly and publicly;
‫ سر الليل‬s. al-lail watchword, password;
‫ اسرار القرآن‬the secret meaning of the
Koran; ‫ كاتب السر‬secretary; ‫ كاتم السر‬do.; ‫كلمة‬
‫ السر‬kalimat as-s. watchword, password;
‫ بسركم‬or ‫ في سركم‬to your 404 health!
cheerio! skoal! ‫ في سره‬secretly,
Inwardly, in his heart; ‫ اتعب سره‬at‘aba
sirrahū to trouble, worry, bother, harass
s.o.; ‫ اجرى سرا‬ajrā sirran to dispense a
sacrament (Chr.); ‫ قدس ﷲ سره‬qaddasa
llāhu sirrahū may God hallow his secret!
(eulogy after the name of a deceased
Muslim saint)
‫ سري‬sirrī secret; private; confidential;
mysterious, cryptic; sacramental (Chr.) │
‫ األمراض السرية‬venereal diseases
‫ سرادق‬surādiq pl. -āt large tent, canopy,
‫ سرية‬sirrīya secret; sportiveness
‫ سر‬surr pl. ‫ اسرة‬asirra umbilical cord
‫ سرة‬surra pl. -āt, ‫ سرر‬surar navel,
umbilicus; center
‫ سري‬surrī umbilical │ ‫( الحبل السري‬ḥabl)
umbilical cord
1
‫ سرر‬surur, sirar umbilical cord
‫ سرر‬surur line of the palm or forehead
‫ سرار‬sarār: ‫ سرار الشھر‬s. aš-šahr last
night of the lunar month
‫ سرار‬sirār pl. ‫ اسرة‬asirra, ‫ اسارير‬asārīr2
line of the palm or forehead; pl. features,
facial expression, air, also ‫ اسارير الوجه‬a.
al-wajh
‫ سرور‬surūr joy, happiness, delight,
pleasure; glee, gaiety, hilarity, mirth
‫ سرير‬sarīr pl. ‫ اسرة‬asirra, ‫ سرور‬surūr,
‫ سراير‬sarāyīr2 bedstead, bed; throne,
elevated seat
‫ سريرة‬sarīra pl. ‫ سرائر‬sarā’ir2 secret;
secret thought; mind, heart, soul │‫صفاء‬
‫ السريرة‬ṣafā’ as-s. clearness of conscience;
‫ طيب السريرة‬ṭayyib as-s. guileless
simplehearted
‫ سراء‬sarrā’2 happiness prosperity │‫في‬
‫( السراء والضراء‬ḍarrā’) in good and bad
days, for better or for worse
‫ سرية‬surriya pl. ‫ سراري‬sarārīy
concubine
‫ مسرة‬masarra pl. -āt joy, happiness,
delight, pleasure; glee, gaiety, hilarity,
mirth
2
‫ مسرة‬misarra pl. ‫ مسار‬masārr speaking
tube; telephone
‫ سربل‬sarbala to clothe (‫ ه‬s.o.) with a sirbāl
‫ تسر‬tasarrin concubinage
‫ استسرار‬istisrār concubinage
‫ سار‬sārr gladdening, gratifying, joyous,
glad, cheering, delightful
‫ مسرور‬masrūr glad, happy, delighted (‫ب‬
at), pleased (‫ ب‬with)
‫ مسر‬musirr gratifying, delightful,
pleasant
‫ مستسر‬mustasarr place of concealment
pavilion
‫ سراط‬sirāṭ = ‫ صراط‬ṣirāṭ way, path, road
‫ سراى‬sarāy palace
‫ سراية‬sarāya pl. -āt palace │ ‫السراية‬
‫( الصفراء‬ṣafrā’) insane asylum (eg.)
‫ سرب‬sariba a (sarab) to flow; to run out, leak
II to send in groups or batches (‫ ه‬،‫ ھـ‬s.o.,
s.th., ‫ الى‬to) V to flow; to run out, flow off,
escape; to sneak away, slink away, steal
away; to stream, penetrate (‫ الى‬into),
infiltrate (‫ الى‬s.th.); to creep (‫ في‬into); to
sneak, slip, steal (‫ الى‬into, among); to
creep along, flow along, glide along; to
seep through, leak out (‫ الى‬to, of a report);
to spread, circulate, be passed around
(news) VII to hide, crawl into its lair
(animal)
‫ سرب‬sirb pl. ‫ اسراب‬asrāb herd, flock,
bevy, covey, swarm; squadron, group,
wing, formation, flight (of aircraft); heart,
mind │‫( سرب من النحل‬nahl) swarm of bees;
‫ ھادئ السرب‬calm, composed, confident
‫ سرب‬sarab pl. ‫ اسراب‬asrāb burrow,
hole, den, lair (of an animal); underground
passage; tunnel, conduit 405
‫ سربة‬surba pl. ‫ سرب‬surab herd, flock,
bevy, covey, swarm
‫ سراب‬sarāb mirage, fata morgana;
phantom; sewage
‫ مسرب‬masrab pl. ‫ مسارب‬masārib2 course
(taken by s.th.); river bed; drain, sewer
‫ سارب‬sārib conspicuous, visible
‫ ساربة‬sāriba pl. ‫ سوارب‬sawārib2 reptile
2
‫ اسرب‬look up alphabetically
(q.v.); to clothe, dress (‫ ب ه‬s.o. in or with);
to cover, wrap (‫ ھـ‬s.th., ‫ ب‬with) II
tasarbala to put on a sirbāl (q.v.); to put
on, wear (‫ ھـ‬a garment); to be clothed,
 clad, garbed (‫ ب‬in, also fig.); to wrap o.s. (
‫ ب‬in); to dress up (‫ ب‬in)
‫ سربال‬sirbāl pl. ‫ سرابيل‬sarābīl2 shirt; coat
of mail; garment
‫ متسربل‬mutasarbil: ‫ متسربل بالشباب‬blessed
with youthfulness, evincing youthful
freshness
1
‫ سرج‬saraja to braid, plait (.‫ ھـ‬the hair) II do.;
to baste, tack (‫ ھـ‬s.th.); to saddle, (‫ ھـ‬an
animal) IV do.; to light (‫ السراج‬the lamp)
‫ سرج‬sarj pl. ‫ سروج‬surūj; saddle
‫ سراج‬sirāj pl. ‫ سرج‬suruj lamp, light │O
‫ سراج الحركة‬s. al-ḥaraka traffic light; ‫سراج‬
‫ الليل‬s. al-lail firefly, glowworm
‫ سراجة‬sirāja saddlery, saddler’s trade;
glanders
‫ سراج‬sarrāj saddler
‫ سروجي‬surūjī saddler
‫ سروجية‬surūjīya saddlery, saddler’s
trade
‫ اسروجة‬usrūja lie, falsehood
‫ مسرجة‬masraja pl. ‫ مسارج‬masārij2 lamp;
lampstand
2
‫سيرج‬look up alphabetically
3
‫ سرجين‬sirjīn dung, manure
‫ سرح‬saraḥa a (‫ سروح‬surūḥ) to move away, go
away, leave; to roam freely; to graze
freely (cattle); to be distracted (mind); --
sariḥa a to proceed freely, at will, without
restraint │ ‫( سرح ومرح‬mariḥa) to do as one
likes II to send (‫ ھـ‬cattle) to pasture; to
send, dispatch (‫ ه‬s.o.); to let go (‫ ه‬s.o.); to
dismiss (‫ ھا‬a woman by divorce); to grant
(‫ ه‬s.o.) leave, dismiss (‫ ه‬s.o.); to release
from an office, discharge, fire (‫ ه‬s.o.); to
release, set free (‫ ه‬s.o.); to let (‫ ھـ‬the eyes)
wander; to demobilize, disband (‫ ھـ‬an
army); to dispel s.o.’s (‫ )عن‬worries (also
‫ ;)سرح غمومه‬to comb (‫ ھـ‬the hair) │‫سرح‬
‫( شعره‬ša‘rahū) to comb one’s hair, do
one’s hair; ‫( سرح نظره‬naẓarahū) to set
one’s eyes on (‫ )الى‬VII ‫انسرح يفكر‬
(yufakkiru) to be deep in thought, be
absent-minded, allow one’s thoughts to
wander
‫ سردار‬sirdār (formerly Eg.) supreme
‫ سراح‬sarāh dismissal (of a woman by
divorce); release │‫ اطلق سرح‬aṭlaqa
sarāḥahū to release s.o., set s.o. free, set
s.o. at liberty; ‫ اطالق سراحه‬iṭlāq s. his
release; ‫ مطلق السراح‬muṭlaq as-s. free, at
large
‫ سريح‬sarīḥ and ‫ بائع سارح‬hawker,
peddler
‫ سرحان‬sirḥān wolf
‫ مسرح‬masraḥ pl. ‫ مسارح‬masāriḥ2
pasture; stage, theater; scene │ ‫مسرح التمثيل‬
theater
‫ مسرحي‬masraḥī dramatic, theatrical,
stage (adj.)
‫ مسرحية‬masraḥīya pl. -āt (stage) play
‫ تسريح‬tasrīḥ dismissal; discharge;
release; demobilization; (pl. ‫تساريح‬
tasārīḥ2) permission, authorization
‫ تسريحة‬tasrīḥa pl. -āt hairdo, coiffure
‫ سارح‬sāriḥ: ‫ سارح مارح‬grazing freely,
roaming freely; free and unrestrained;
‫ سارح الفكر‬sāriḥ al-fikr distracted,
absentminded 406
‫ منسرح‬munsariḥ: ‫ المنسرح‬name of a
poetic meter │‫ منسرح الفكر‬m. al-fikr
distracted, absent-minded
‫ ساروخ‬sārūk pl. ‫ سواريخ‬sawārīk2 rocket
‫ سرد‬sarada u (sard) to pierce, perforate (‫ھـ‬
s.th.); to carry on, continue (‫ ھـ‬s.th., e.g., a
conversation); to tell off one after another,
enumerate (‫ ھـ‬facts, events); to present,
quote, detail, set forth neatly (‫ ھـ‬s.th.) II to
pierce, perforate (‫ ھـ‬s.th.)
‫ سرد‬sard enumeration; mentioning,
quoting; neat, detailed presentation;
recital, presentation, rendition (of an
account, of a narrative, etc.); coherent,
logical
‫ سريدة‬sarīda: ‫ سريدة المولد‬s. al-maulid
discourse dealing with the birth of the
Prophet (during celebration of
Mohammed’s birthday; tun.)
O ‫ مسرد‬masrad index (of a book)
‫ سرداب‬sirdāb pl. ‫ سرادب‬sarādib2, ‫سراديب‬
sarādīb2 subterranean vault, cellar;
basement, basement flat
commander; commanding general
‫ سرادق‬look up alphabetically
‫ سردوك‬sardūk pl. ‫ سراديك‬sarādīk2 rooster, cock
(magr.)
‫ سردين‬sardīn (coll.; n. un. ‫ )ة‬sardines
‫ سراس‬sirās and ‫ سيراس‬see ‫سيراس‬
(alphabetically)
‫ سرسام‬sirsām a cerebral disease
1
‫ سرط‬sariṭa a (saraṭ, ‫ سرطان‬saraṭān) and
saraṭa u i to swallow, gulp (‫ ھـ‬s.th.) V and
VIII do.
‫ سرطان‬saraṭān pl. -āt crayfish; cancer
(med.); Cancer (astron.) │ ‫سرطان بحري‬
(baḥrī) lobster
2
‫ سراط‬sirāṭ = ‫صراط‬
‫ سرع‬saru‘a u (sirā‘, sarā‘, ‫ سرعة‬sur‘a)
to be quick, fast, prompt, rapid; to hurry II
to urge (‫ ه‬s.o.) to hurry; to urge on (‫ ھـ‬an
animal); to speed up, accelerate, expedite (
‫ ھـ‬s.th.) III to hurry, hasten, rush, run, dash
(‫ الى‬to); to make a beeline (‫ الى‬for); to
hurry (‫ في‬in, with), hasten (j to do s.th.),
do in a hurry (‫ في‬s.th.); to rush, plunge
with undue haste (‫ في‬into) IV to be quick,
fast, prompt, rapid; to hurry, hasten, rush,
run, dash (‫ الى‬to); to hurry (‫ ب‬or ‫ في‬with.
in), hasten (‫ ب‬or j to do s.th.), do in a
hurry (‫ ب‬or ‫ في‬s.th.); to accelerate, speed
up, expedite (‫ ھـ‬s.th.) V to hurry, hasten,
rush, run, dash (‫ الى‬to); to hurry (‫ ب‬or j
with, in), hasten (‫ ب‬or ‫ في‬to do s.th.), do in
a hurry (‫ ب‬or j s.th.); to be hasty, be rash (
‫ ب‬or j in) VI to hurry, hasten, rush, run,
dash (‫ الى‬to)
‫ سرع‬sur‘, sir‘ pl. ‫ اسراع‬asrā‘ reins
‫ سرع‬sur‘a speed, velocity, pace;
fastness, rapidity, quickness, promptness;
hurry, haste │‫ سرعة الخاطر‬presence of
mind; ‫ سرعة التصديق‬credulity
‫ سرعان ما‬sar‘āna, sir‘āna, sur‘āna ma
(with foll. verb) how quickly ...!; soon,
before long, presently, in no time
‫ سريع‬sarī‘ pl. ‫ سرعان‬sur‘ān, ‫ سراع‬sirā‘
fast, quick, prompt, rapid, speedy,
expeditious, swift, nimble; ‫ السريع‬name of
a poetic meter; express train; ‫ سريعا‬sarī‘an
fast, quickly, rapidly, speedily, promptly
│‫ سريع التأثر‬s. at-ta’attur easy to impress,
easily affected, sensitive; ‫سريع الخاطر‬
quick-witted; O ‫ سريع التردد‬s. at-taraddud
high-frequency (el.); ‫ سريع الزوال‬s. az-
zawal ephemeral, fleeting, transient; ‫سريع‬
‫ التصديق‬credulous; ‫ )سريع الطلق )الطلقات‬s. al-
ṭalq quick-firing, rapid-fire; ‫ سريع العطب‬s.
al-‘aṭab fragile; ‫ سريع التنقل‬s. at-tanaqqul
mobile, maneuverable, easily manageable
407
‫ اسرع‬asra’2 faster, quicker, more rapid
│‫ ما اسرع ان رايته‬mā asra‘a an ra’aituhū
before long I saw him, it did not take very
long before I saw him
‫ سراعا‬sirā‘an quickly, in a hurry
‫ اسراع‬isrā‘ acceleration, speed-up;
hurry
‫ تسرع‬tasarru‘ hurry, haste; hastiness,
rashness precipitance
‫ متسرع‬mutasarri‘ quick, fast, prompt,
rapid; hasty, rash, precipitate
‫ سرعسكر‬see ‫سر‬
‫ سرف‬IV to exceed all bounds, be
immoderate, be extravagant (‫ في‬in, at)
exaggerate, overdo (‫ في‬s.th.); to waste,
squander, dissipate, spend lavishly (‫ في‬,‫ھـ‬
s.th., esp. money)
‫ سرف‬saraf and ‫ اسراف‬isrāf
intemperance, immoderateness,
exaggeration; waste, dissipation,
extravagance, prodigality
‫ مسرف‬musrif immoderate, intemperate,
excessive; extravagant, wasteful, prodigal
‫ سرق‬saraqa i (saraq, sariq, ‫سرقة‬
saraqa, sariqa, ‫ سرقان‬sarqān) to steal,
pilfer, filch (‫ من ھـ‬or ‫ ه ھـ‬from s.o. s.th.); to
rob (‫ من ھـ‬or ‫ ه ھـ‬s.o. of s.th.) II to accuse
of theft, call a thief (‫ ه‬s.o.) III ‫سارق النظر اليه‬
(naẓara) or ‫ سارقه النظر‬to steal a glance at
s.o., glance furtively at s.o.; ‫سارق النوم‬
(nauma) to take a short nap VII pass. of I
VIII to steal, filch, pilfer (‫ ھـ من‬s.th. from
s.o.); to steal (‫ الى‬into) │‫استرق السمع‬
(sam‘a) to eavesdrop; to monitor (radio,
telephone, etc.); ‫استرق النظر اليه = سارق النظر‬
‫ اليه؛ استرق األنفاس‬to gasp, pant
‫ سرقة‬sariqa stealing, filching, pilfering;
robbery; (pl. -āt) theft, larceny
‫ سراق‬sarrāq thief
 ‫ سارق‬sāriq pl. -ūn, ‫ سرقة‬saraqa, ‫سراق‬
surrāq, f. ‫ سارقة‬sāriqa pl. ‫ سوارق‬sawāriq
thief
‫ مسروقات‬masrūqāt stolen goods
‫ منسرق‬musariq: ‫ منسرق القوة‬m. al-qūwa
debilitated, exhausted
‫ سرقسطة‬sarqusṭa2 Zaragoza (city in NE Spain)
‫ سرقين‬sirqīn dung, manure
1
‫( سرك‬Fr. cirque) sirke circus
2
‫(سركي‬Turk. sergi) sarkī (com.) bill of
exchange payable to the bearer
‫ سرم‬surm pl. asrām anus
‫ سرم‬sarmad endless duration, eternity
‫ سرمدي‬sarmadī eternal, without
beginning or end
‫ سرنديب‬sarandīb2 Ceylon
1
‫سرو‬sarw (coll.; n. un. ‫ )ة‬evergreen cypress
(Cupressus sempervirens L.; bot.)
2 Mohammed’s midnight journey to the
‫سرو‬II (‫ عن قلبه‬or) ‫ سرى عنه‬to rid s.o. of
worries, and the like, dispel s.o.’s worries
(also ‫ ھـ‬worries); pass. ‫ سري عنه‬and ‫سرى‬
‫( عن نفسه‬suriya) to leave s.o. (grief,
sorrow, fear, and the like); to regain one’s
composure, reel at peace again (after
anger, fear or excitement); his anxiety or
unrest left him; he found relaxation; he
was cheered up, his spirits were raised VII
‫( انسرى عنه = سري عنه‬surriya)
‫ سري‬sarīy pl. ‫ سرواء‬surawā’2, ‫اسرياء‬
asriyā’2, ‫ سراة‬sarāh high-ranking, high;
high-minded, noble; distinguished
personality, notable; pl. ‫ سراة‬elite, leading
class, the upper crust; see 1‫سرى‬
‫ سراة‬sarāh pl. ‫ سرروات‬sarawāt hill;
back; chief, head; see also ‫ سرى‬sarīy │
‫ سروات القوم‬s. al-qaum the leaden of the
people
‫ تسرية‬tasriya pl. -āt diversion,
amusement, pastime
‫ سروال‬sirwāl, ‫ سراويل‬sirwāl pl. ‫ سراويل‬sarāwīl2
trousers, pants; drawers; panties 408
1
‫ سرى‬sarā i (‫ سرى‬suran, ‫ سريان‬sarayān, ‫مسرى‬
masran) to travel by night; to set out,
depart by night; to circulate; to flow
(electric current); to emanate, go out (‫من‬
from); to spread; to be valid, have
validity, be effective, be in, or come into,
force (‫ على‬for). have or take effect (‫على‬
on); to apply. be applicable (‫ على‬to); to
penetrate (‫ في‬s.th.), enter deeply (‫ في‬into);
to pervade (‫ الى نفسه‬s.o.’s soul, of a feeling)
│‫( سرى سراه‬surāhu) to traverse one’s
nightly course; ‫( سرى مفعوله‬maf‘ūluhū) to
be valid, be effective, be in force IV to
travel by night; to make (‫ ب‬s.o.) travel by
night V ‫ تسرى‬see 2‫ سر‬sarra V
‫ سرى‬sarīy pl. ‫ اسرية‬asriya, ‫ سريان‬suryān
little creek, brook; see also under 2‫سرو‬
‫ سرية‬sariya pl. ‫ سرايا‬sarāyā (military)
detachment, flying column, raiding party;
company (mil.) │‫( سرية خيالة‬kayyāla)
cavalry squadron; ‫ سرية الطائرات‬squadron
of aircraft
‫ سريان‬sarayān spread, diffusion;
validity, effectiveness, coming into force
‫ مسرى‬masran: ‫ مسرى محمد‬masrā
muḥammad the point of departure for
seven heavens, i.e., Jerusalem
‫ اسراء‬isrā’ nocturnal journey; ‫االسراء‬
Mohammed’s midnight journey to the
seven heavens
‫ سار‬sārin pl. ‫ سراة‬surāh traveling by
night; night reveler, night hawk;
contagious (disease); in force, effective,
valid │‫ سارى المفعول‬in force, effective,
valid
‫ سارية‬sāriya a mood or atmosphere
which prevails in, or pervades, a room
(e.g., ‫ سارية من الجھامة‬an all-pervading
gloom); -- (pl. -āt, ‫ سوار‬sawārin) column;
shipmast
2
‫ سراى‬and ‫ سراية‬look up alphabetically
3
‫ سريان‬suryān Syrians (coll.) members of the
East Syrian Church
‫ سرياني‬suryānī Syriac, Syrian; a
member of the East Syrian Church
‫ سرياوران‬saryāwarān (formerly) adjutant
general
‫ سيسبان‬look up alphabetically
1
‫ اسطبة‬look up alphabetically
2
‫ مسطبة‬masṭaba, misṭaba pl. ‫ مساطب‬masāṭib2
stone bench (against a wall); mastaba
‫ سطح‬saṭaḥa u (saṭḥ) to spread out, spread,
unfold, unroll (‫ ھـ‬s.th.); to level, even,
plane, flatten, make smooth (‫ ھـ‬s.th.); to
throw to the ground, fell (‫ ه‬s.o.) II to
spread out, spread, unfold, unroll (‫ھـ‬
s.th.) ;: to level, even, plane, flatten, make
smooth (‫ ھـ‬s.th.) V to be spread out, be
unfolded; to be leveled, be evened; to lie
down on one’s back VII to be spread out.
be unfolded; to lie flat on one’s back, be
supine
‫ سطح‬saṭḥ pl. ‫ سطوح‬suṭūḥ surface (also
geom.); plane (geom.); (pl. also ‫اسطحة‬
asṭiḥa, ‫ اسطح‬asṭuḥ) (flat) roof, terrace;
deck (of a ship); ‫ سطوح‬suṭūḥ (eg., syr.)
roof terrace │ ‫ سطح البحر‬s. al-baḥr sea
level; ‫ سطح مائل‬inclined plane
‫ سطحي‬saṭḥī external, outer, outward,
outside, exterior; flat; superficial; ‫سطحيات‬
saṭḥīyāt externals, superficialities
‫ سطحية‬satḥīya flatness; superficiality
‫ سطيح‬saṭīḥ flat, spread out, stretched
out, supine
‫ مسطاح‬misṭāḥ threshing floor
‫ مسطح‬musaṭṭaḥ even, level, flat; (pl.
-āt) surface │‫( قدم مسطحة‬qadam) flat foot
1
‫ سطر‬saṭara u (saṭr) and II to rule (‫ھـ‬
s.th.), draw lines (‫ ھـ‬on a sheet of paper);
to write, jot down, record (‫ ھـ‬s.th.); to
draw up, compose (‫ ھـ‬s.th.) 409
‫ سطر‬saṭr, saṭar pl. ‫ سطور‬suṭūr, ‫اسطر‬
asṭur, ‫ اسطار‬asṭār line; row
‫ ساطور‬sāṭūr pl. ‫ سواطير‬sawāṭīr2 cleaver
‫ اسطورة‬usṭūra pl. ‫ اساطير‬asāṭīr2 fable,
legend, saga, myth; fabulous story, yarn
‫ اسطورى‬usṭūrī mythical, legendary,
fabulous
2
‫ مسطرة‬misṭara pl. ‫ مساطر‬masāṭir ruler;
underlines, guideline sheet; see also
alphabetically │O ‫ مسطرة الحساب‬slide rule
‫ مسطار‬misṭār trowel
‫ مسطرين‬masṭarīn (eg.) trowel
‫ تسطير‬tasṭīr writing down, recording
‫ مسطر‬musaṭṭar piece of writing, paper,
document
2
‫ سيطر‬and derivatives look up alphabetically
‫ سطع‬saṭa‘a a (saṭ‘, ‫ سطوع‬suṭū‘) to rise; to
spread (dust, fragrance); to shine, be
brilliant, be radiant; to be or become
manifest, obvious, plain, clear
‫ سطع‬saṭ‘ brilliance, radiance, glow;
brightness, luminosity
‫ سطع‬saṭa‘ thump, thud, plump
‫ سطوع‬suṭū‘ brilliance, radiance, glow;
brightness, luminosity
‫ اسطع‬asṭa‘ more brilliant, brighter;
clearer, more obvious
‫ ساطع‬sāṭi‘ pl. ‫ سواطع‬sawāṭi‘2 radiant,
brilliant, shining, luminous, bright;
manifest, obvious, clear, plain, patent,
evident (proof)
‫ سطل‬saṭala u (saṭl) to intoxicate (s.o.) VII to
become or be intoxicated
‫ سطل‬saṭl pl. ‫ اسطال‬asṭāl, ‫ سطول‬suṯūl
bucket, pail (of wood or metal)
2
‫ اسطول‬look up alphabetically
‫ سطام‬sitām plug, stopper
‫ )سطو )سطو‬saṭā u (saṭw, ‫ سطو‬saṭwa) to rush,
pounce, jump (‫ ب‬or ‫ على‬upon), assail,
attack (‫ ب‬or ‫ على‬s.o.); to burglarize (‫على‬
place), break into a place (‫)على‬
‫ سطو‬saṭw attack, assault; burglary,
housebreaking
‫ سطوة‬saṭwa pl. saṭawāt attack, assault;
influence, authority; presumption,
cockiness, pride, power, strength
‫ اسطوانة‬look up alphabetically
‫ سعة‬sa‘a see ‫وسع‬
‫ سعتر‬sa‘tar (= ‫ )صعتر‬wild thyme
(Thymus serpyllum; bot.)
‫ سعد‬sa‘ida a and pass. su‘ida (sa‘d, ‫سعادة‬
sa‘āda) to be happy, lucky, fortunate;
pass. ‫( سعد ب‬su‘ida) to have the good
fortune of receiving or sharing s.th. III to
help, aid, assist (‫ ه‬s.o., ‫ في‬or ‫ على‬in, with),
give s.o. (‫ )ه‬a hand (‫ في‬or ‫ على‬in); to
support, back (‫ في‬or ‫ على ه‬s.o. in); to
contribute, be conducive (‫ في‬or ‫ على‬،‫ ل‬to);
to favor, encourage (‫ في‬or ‫ على‬s.th.) IV to
make happy (‫ ه‬s.o); to help (‫ ه‬s.o) │ ‫اسعد‬
‫ )الحظ ب )الحظ‬he had the good fortune to ...
 ‫ سعد‬sa‘d pl. ‫ سعود‬su‘ūd good luck, good
fortune
‫ الھيئة السعدية‬al-hai’a as-sa‘dīya the
Saadist union (formerly a political
movement in Egypt); ‫ السعديون‬as-sa‘dīyūn
the Saadists, the followers of Saad
Zaghlūl (1856-1927)
‫ سعد‬su‘d Cyperus (bot.)
‫ سعيد‬sa‘īd pl. ‫ سعداء‬su‘adā’ happy (‫ب‬
about, at); radiant, blissful; lucky,
auspicious; felicitous │ ‫ سعيد الذكر‬s. ad-
dikr of blessed memory, the late ...
‫ سعادة‬sa‘āda happiness; bliss, felicity;
good fortune, success, prosperity, welfare;
title of a pasha; sa‘ādat … (with foll.
name) title of high officials (syr., 410
Leb.) │‫ سعادتكم‬Your Grace (form of
address to a pasha); ‫ صاحب السعادة‬title of a
pasha; ‫“ دار السعادة‬House of Bliss”, ancient
name of Istanbul
‫ سعودي‬sa‘ūdī Saudi │‫المملكة العربية‬
‫( السعودية‬mamlaka) Saudi Arabia
2
‫ سعدان‬sa‘dān pl. ‫ سعادين‬sa‘ādīn ape
‫ سعدانة‬sa‘dāna pl. -āt nipple, teat │‫سعدانة‬
‫ الباب‬doorknob
‫ اسعد‬as‘ad2 happier, luckier
‫ مساعدة‬musā‘ada pl. -āt support,
backing, aid, help, assistance;
encouragement, promotion
‫ ساعد‬sā‘id pl. ‫ سواعد‬sawā‘id2 forearm │
‫( ھو ساعده األيمن‬aiman) he is his right hand,
he is indispensable to him; ‫اشتد ساعده‬
ištadda sā‘iduhū to become strong,
powerful; ‫( فت في ساعده‬fatta) to weaken s.o.
‫ ساعدة‬sā‘ida pl. ‫ سواعد‬sawā’id2 tributary
‫ مسعود‬mas‘ūd pl. ‫ مساعيد‬masā‘īd2 happy,
lucky, fortunate
‫ مساعد‬musā‘id helper, help, aide;
assistant (adj. end n.); adjutant
‫ مسعد‬mas‘ad favored by fortune,
fortunate, lucky
‫ سعر‬sa‘ara (sa‘r) to kindle, start (‫ ھـ‬a
fire, a war); pass. su‘ira to flare up, run
mad II to kindle, start (‫ ھـ‬a fire, a war); to
price (‫ ھـ‬s.th.), set a price (‫ ھـ‬on s.th.); to
quote on the stock market III to bargain,
haggle over the price (‫ ه‬with s.o.) IV to
kindle, light, start (‫ ھـ‬fire) V to bum,
blaze; to flare up (anger) VII to become
mad, furious VIII to burn, flare, blaze; to
break out (fighting)
‫ سعر‬si‘r pl. ‫ اسعار‬as‘ār price; rate;
exchange rate, quotation (stock market) │
‫سعر الخصم‬s. al-kaṣm discount rate, bank
rate; ‫ سعر التسليف‬rate of interest; ‫سعر الفائدة‬
rate of interest; ‫ سعر القطع‬s. al-qaṭ‘
discount rate, bank rate; ‫ سعر القطعة‬s. al-
qiṭ‘a price by the piece
‫ سعر‬su‘r madness; frenzy; voracity
‫ سعر‬su‘ur madness frenzy
‫ سعار‬su‘ār voracity
‫ سعير‬sa‘īr pl. ‫ سعر‬su’ur blazing flame,
fire; blaze; bell, inferno
‫ مسعر‬mis‘ar pl. ‫ مساعر‬masā‘ir2 poker,
fire iron
‫ مسعار‬mis‘ār pl. ‫ مساعير‬masā‘īr2 poker,
fire iron
‫ تسعير‬tas‘īr pricing, price fixing
‫ تسعيرة‬tas‘īra pricing, price fixing │ ‫لجنة‬
‫ التسعيرة‬lajnat at-t. pricing, price-fixing
commission
‫ تسعرة‬tas‘ira quotation (stock exchange)
‫ مسعور‬mas‘ūr mad, crazy
‫ سعط‬VIII to snuff (‫ ھـ‬tobacco)
‫ سعوط‬sa‘ūṭ snuff
‫ مسعط‬mis‘aṭ snuffbox
‫ سعف‬III to help, aid, support (‫ ه‬s.o.) IV to
comply with s.o.’s (‫ )ه‬wishes (‫ ب‬for),
humor (‫ ب ه‬s.o. in), grant (‫ ب ه‬s.o. s.th.); to
help, aid, assist (‫ ه‬s.o.)
‫ سعف‬sa‘af (coll.; n. un. ‫ )ة‬pl. -āt palm
leaves │ ‫ احد السعف‬aḥad as-s. Palm Sunday
(Chr.)
‫ اسعاف‬is‘āf pl. -āt aid, relief, help,
assistance; medical service; ‫ االسعاف‬first-
aid │ ‫ اسعاف العجزة‬i. al-‘ajaza care for the
aged; ‫ جمعية االسعاف‬jam‘īyat al-i. approx.:
civil ambulance service; ‫ رجال اإلسعاف‬first-
aid men, ambulance men; medical
orderlies, hospital corpsmen; ‫سيارة اإلسعاف‬
sayyārat al-i. ambulance
‫ سعل‬sa‘ala a (‫ سعل‬su‘la, ‫ سعل‬su‘al) to cough
 ‫ سعلة‬su‘la cough
‫ سعال‬su‘āl cough │ ‫( السعال الديكي‬dīkī)
whooping cough 411
‫ سعلى‬si‘lā pl. ‫ سعليات‬si‘layāt female
demon
‫ سعالة‬si‘lāh pl. ‫ سعال‬sa‘ālin female
demon
‫ ابو سعن‬abū su‘n marabou (zool.)
‫ سعى‬sa‘ā a (sa‘y) to move quickly, run, speed;
to move across the sky (moon); to head,
be headed (‫ الى‬for), proceed (‫ الى‬to or
toward); to strive (‫ ل‬or ‫ الى‬for), aspire (‫ل‬
or ‫ الى‬to); to work (‫ ل‬،‫ الى‬or ‫ وراء‬for),
endeavor, attempt, make an effort (‫ وراء‬or
‫ ل‬،‫ الى‬to get or achieve s.th.); to run after
s.th. (‫)وراء‬, pursue, chase (‫ وراء‬s.th.); to
take stops (‫ في‬in a matter) │ ‫ سعى به الى‬to
lead s.o. or s.th. to ... ; ‫سعى في األرض فسادا‬
(fī l-arḍi fasādan) to spread evil, cause
universal harm and damage; ‫سعى لحتفه بظلفه‬
(li-ḥatfihī bi-ẓifihī) to bring about one’s
own destruction, dig one’s own grave; ‫سعى‬
‫( في خراب الشيء‬karābi š-š.) to work at the
ruin of s.th., undermine s.th.; -- sa‘ā a (
‫ سعى‬sa‘y, ‫ سعاية‬si‘āya) to slander (‫ ب‬s.o.,
‫ عند‬or ‫ الى‬to s.o), discredit (‫ عند‬or ‫ الى ب‬s.o
with) VI to run about in confusion
‫ سعى‬sa‘y run, course; ‫ السعى‬the
ceremony of running seven times between
ṣafā and Marwa (performed during the
Pilgrimage); effort, endeavor; livestock
‫ سعاية‬si‘āya slander, calumniation
‫ مسعى‬mas‘ān pl. ‫ مساع‬masā‘in effort,
endeavor
‫ ساع‬sā‘in pl. –ūn, ‫ سعاة‬su‘āh messenger;
office boy, delivery boy; slanderer,
calumniator │ ‫ ساعى البريد‬postman,
mailman
‫ سغب‬sagiba (sagab) to hunger (‫ ل‬for), be or
become hungry
‫ سغب‬sagab hunger, starvation
‫ سغابة‬sagāba hunger, starvation
‫ مسغبة‬masgaba famine
‫ ساغب‬sāgib hungry, starving
‫ سف‬IV to descend, link, slip, decline (fig.); to
stoop (‫ الى‬to, fig.) │ ‫( اسف النظر اليه‬naẓara)
to give s.o. a sharp look VIII to eat,
swallow (‫ ھـ‬s.th. dry, e.g., a medicinal
powder)
‫ سفوف‬safūf medicinal powder
‫ اسفاف‬isfāf decline (fig.); triviality
‫ سفتجة‬suftaja pl. safātij2 bill of exchange (com.)
‫ سفح‬safaḥa a (safḥ, ‫ سفوح‬sufūḥ) to pour out,
spill, shed (‫ ھـ‬s.th.) ill to whore, fornicate (
‫ ه‬with s.o.) VI to whore, fornicate
‫ سفح‬safḥ pl. ‫ سفوح‬sufūḥ foot (of a
mountain); pl. ‫ سفوح‬flat, rocky surface
‫ سفاح‬saffāḥ shedder of blood, killer,
murderer
‫ سفاح‬sifāḥ fornication
‫ سفد‬safida a and safada i (‫ سفاد‬sifād) to cover,
mount (‫ على‬or ‫ ھا‬the female); to cohabit (‫ھا‬
with a woman) II to put on a skewer (‫ھـ‬
meat) ill to cover, mount (‫ ھا‬the female);
to rohabit (‫ ھا‬with a woman)
‫ سفود‬saffūd pl. ‫ سفافيد‬safāfīd2 skewer,
spit
‫ سفر‬safara i (‫ سفور‬sufūr) to remove the veil (‫عن‬
‫‘ وجھھا‬an wajhihā from her face), unveil
o.s.; -- safara i (safr) to shine, glow
(aurora) II to unveil, uncover, disclose (‫ھـ‬
s.th.); to send on a journey, compel to
leave, send away (‫ ه‬s.o); to dispatch, send
off (‫ ھـ‬s.th.); to embark, put on board (‫ه‬
passengers) III to travel, maim a trip; to
leave, depart, go on a journey IV to shine,
glow (aurora, s.o.’s face, etc.); to disclose,
unveil, uncover (‫ عن‬s.th.); to yield,
achieve, bring (‫ عن‬s.th.); to end (‫ عن‬with,
in), result (‫ عن‬in) VII to rise, disappear
(dust, clouds)
‫ السفر‬as-sifr the travelers, the
passengers
‫ سفر‬sifr pl. ‫ اسفار‬asfār book (esp. one of
the Scriptures) 412
‫ سفر‬safar departure; (pl. ‫ اسفار‬asfār)
journey, travel, trip, tour
‫ سفرة‬safra pl. ‫ سفرات‬safarāt journey,
travel, trip, tour
‫ سفرية‬safarīya pl. -āt journey, travel,
trip, tour; departure
‫ سفرة‬sufra pl. ‫ سفر‬sufar dining table
 ‫ سفرجي‬sufragī (eg.) pl. ‫ سفرجية‬sufragīya
waiter, steward
‫ سفير‬safīr pl. ‫ سفراء‬sufarā’ mediator
(between contending parties); ambassador
(dipl.)
‫ سفور‬sufūr uncovering of the face (of a
veiled woman); unveiling
‫ سفارة‬sifāra office or function of a
mediator, mediation; embassy (dipl.)
‫ مسافر‬masāfir2 (pl.) part of the face not
covered by the veil
‫ سافر‬sāfir unveiled, wearing no veil;
barefaced, conspicuous, obvious; (pl. ‫سفرة‬
safara) scribe
‫ مسافر‬musāfir pl. -ūn traveler;
passenger; visiting stranger; guest
‫ سفرجل‬safarjal (coll.; n. un. ‫ )ة‬pl. ‫ سفارج‬quince
(Cydonia; bot.)
‫ سفسطة‬safsaṭa sophistry; pl. ‫ سفسطات‬sophistries,
casuistic arguments │‫ اھل السفسطة‬ahl as-s.
the Sophists
‫ سفسطي‬safsaṭī sophistic; Sophist
‫ سفسة‬safsafa pl. ‫ سفاسف‬safāsif2 silly talk,
nonsense; poor, inferior stuff
‫ سفساف‬safsāf pl. ‫ سفاسف‬safāsif2 silly,
inane, trivial; poor, inferior │ ‫سفساف األمور‬
poor, inferior stuff
‫ سفط‬safaṭ pl. ‫ اسفاط‬asfāt basket; scales (of fish)
‫ سفع‬safa‘a a (saf‘) to scorch, parch, burn (‫ه‬
s.o., ‫ ھـ‬s.o.’s skin; esp. of a hot wind); to
flap the wings, flutter (bird); to strike, hit (
‫ ه‬s.o. with the hand), slap (‫ ه‬s.o.); to lash (‫ه‬
s.th., e.g., of a storm)
‫ سفع‬saf‘ burned spot
‫ سفعة‬suf‘a pl. ‫ سفع‬sufa‘ black stain; dark
spot, brown discoloration
‫ اسفع‬asfa‘, f. ‫ سفعاء‬saf‘ā’2 dark-brown
‫ سفق‬safaqa u (safq) to shut, bang, slam (‫ ھـ‬the
door)
‫ سفك‬safaka i (safk) to shed (‫ ھـ‬blood) VI to
murder each other VII to be shed, flow
(blood)
‫ سفك‬safk: ‫ سفك الدماء‬s. ad-dimā’ blood-
shed
‫ سفاك‬saffāk shedder of blood; blood-
shedding
‫ سفل‬safala u (‫ سفول‬sufūl, ‫ سفال‬safāl) and safila
a to be low; to be below s.th. (‫ ;)ھـ‬--
safala u to turn downward; -- safula u (
‫ سفالة‬safāla) and safala u (safl) to be low,
base, despicable V to abase o.s., sink low,
go from bad to worse; to act in a base
manner
‫ سفل‬sufl lowest part of s.th., bottom
‫ سفلى‬suflī lower, at the bottom; low
‫ سفلة‬sifla: ‫ سفلة الناس‬s. an-nās lowly
people, riffraff
‫ سفالة‬safāla lowness; lowliness;
baseness, ignominy, despicableness
‫ سفالة‬safāla lowest part
‫ اسفل‬asfal2, f. ‫ سفلى‬suflā, pl. ‫ اسافل‬asāfil2
lower; lowest; lower or lowest part,
bottom; ‫ اسفل‬asfala (prep.) under,
underneath, below │ ‫( األرض السفلى‬arḍ) the
nether world; ‫ رده اسفل سافلين‬raddahū
asfala sāfilīn to reduce s.o. to the lowest
level or status
‫ سافل‬sāfil pl. ‫ سفلة‬safala low; lowly;
base, mean, despicable 413
‫ سفلت‬saflata to cover with asphalt, to asphalt
‫ اسفلت‬asfalt asphalt
‫ سفلقة‬saflaqa sponging
‫ سفالق‬siflāq sponger
1
‫ سفن‬safan coarse hide used for polishing;
emery paper, sandpaper
2
‫ سفين‬safīn ships (coll.); ship; see also
alphabetically
‫ سفينة‬safīna pl. ‫ سفن‬sufun, ‫ سفائن‬safā’i2
ship, vessel, boat; ‫ السفينة‬Argo (astron.) │
‫( سفينة مدفعية‬midfa‘īya) gunboat; ‫سفينة تعليم‬
and ‫ سفينة التدريس‬training ship
‫ سفان‬saffān shipbuilder, shipwright
‫ سفانة‬sifāna (art or trade of)
shipbuilding
3
‫اسفين‬look up alphabetically
‫ سفنج‬safanj, sifanj and ‫ اسفنج‬isfanj sponge
‫ سفه‬safiha a (safah) and safuha u (‫ سفاھة‬safāha)
to be stupid, silly, foolish; to be impudent,
insolent II to call (‫ ه‬،‫ ھـ‬s.o., s.th.) stupid or
 foolish; to declare (‫ ه‬s.o.) legally
incompetent; to depreciate, put down as
inferior (‫ ھـ‬s.th.) │ ‫سفه نفسه‬to make a fool
of o.s.; ‫( سفه وجھه‬wajhahū) to expose s.o.,
show s.o. up, make a fool of s.o., bring
s.o. in discredit, disgrace s.o., dishonor
s.o. VI to pretend to be stupid or foolish
‫ سفه‬safah foolishness, stupidity,
silliness; impudence, shamelessness,
insolence
‫ سفيه‬safīh pl. ‫ سفھاء‬sufahā’2, ‫ سفاه‬sifāh
foolish, stupid, silly; fool; an incompetent
(Isl. Law); impudent, shameless, insolent;
insolent fellow
‫ سفاھة‬safāha foolishness, stupidity,
silliness; impudence, shamelessness,
insolence
‫ سفى‬safā i (safy) to raise and scatter (‫ ھـ‬the
dust; said of the wind) IV do.
‫ سافياء‬sāfiyā’2 dust
‫ مسفى‬masfan s.th. whirled up; play-
thing, sport (fig.)
‫ سفين‬safīn wedge
‫ سقارة‬sigāra = ‫ سجارة‬cigarette
‫( سقالة‬It. scala) saqāla scaffold
‫ سقر‬saqar2 f. hell
‫ سقراط‬suqrāṭ2 Socrates
‫ سقسقة‬saqsaqa chirping, cheeping, peeping
(e.g., of sparrows)
‫ سقط‬saqaṭa u (‫ سقوط‬suqūṭ, ‫ مسقط‬masqaṭ) to fall
(also = to be killed in action); to fall
down, drop; to tumble, trip, slip; to fall
out (hair); to sink down (‫ على‬on, to); to hit,
stumble (‫ على‬upon), come across s.th. (
‫ ;)على‬to find (‫ على‬s.th.); to get, come (‫ الى‬to
s.o.), reach (‫ الى‬s.o.); to decline, sink, drop
(standard); to become null and void, be
abolished, be canceled; to be dropped, be
omitted, drop out; to be missing; to escape
(‫ من‬s.o.), slip (‫ من‬s.o.’s memory) │ ‫ليسقط‬
‫ ))فليسقط‬li-yasquṭ (fal-yasquṭ) down with
…! ‫ سقط به‬to drop s.o. or s.th.; ‫سقط اليھم عنه‬
‫ انه‬they had had word from him that he ...;
‫( سقط رأسه في‬ra’suh) he was born in ..., his
birthplace was …; ‫سقط من العضوية‬
(‘uḍwīya) to be dropped from
membership; ‫‘( سقط من عينيه‬ainaihī) to drop
in s.o.’s estimation; ‫ سقط في االمتحان‬to fail
an examination, flunk; ‫ سقط في يده‬suqiṭa fī
yadihī to stand aghast, be at a loss, be
bewildered IV to let fall, drop (‫ ه‬،‫ ھـ‬s.o.,
s.th.); to make (‫ ه‬s.o.) tumble, cause s.o. (
‫ )ه‬to slip; to overthrow, bring down,
topple, fell (‫ ه‬،‫ ھـ‬s.o., s.th.); to fail, flunk (‫ه‬
s.o. in an examination); to shoot down (‫ھـ‬
an aircraft); to deduct, subtract (‫ ھـ‬a
number); to eliminate (٤١٤ ‫ ھـ‬s.th. ‫من‬
from); to have a miscarriage, miscarry; to
bring about a miscarriage (woman); to
slink (‫ ھـ‬its young one; animal) │‫اسقطه من‬
‫( الجنسية‬jinsīya) to deprive s.o. of his
citizenship; ‫( اسقط حقه في‬ḥaqqahū) to
forfeit one’s right in s.th., waive one’s
claim to s.th.; ‫( اسقط دعوى‬da‘wā) to quash
a complaint, nonsuit a case; to withdraw
or drop a complaint; ‫( اسقط الشعر‬ša‘ra) to
cause loss of hair; ‫ اسقط في يده‬usqiṭa fī
yadihī = ‫ سقط في يده‬saqaṭa fī yadihī V to
learn gradually, pick up information (‫من ھـ‬
about s.th. from); to hunt for scraps │ ‫تسقط‬
‫ األخبار‬to gather information VI to fall
down, come down, collapse; to fall
successively or gradually; to fall out
(hair); to come gradually (‫ الى‬to), arrive
one by one (‫ الى‬at); to roll, drip (‫ من‬off); to
dribble │ ‫ تساقط على نفسه‬to break down,
collapse; ‫( تساقط حطاما‬ḥuṭāman) to go to
ruin, disintegrate
‫ سقط‬saqṭ dew
‫ سقط‬siqṭ miscarried fetus
‫ سقط‬saqṭ, siqṭ, suqṭ sparks flying from a
flint
‫ سقط‬saqaṭ pl. ‫ اسقاط‬asqāṭ any worthless
thing; offal, refuse, rubbish, trash; junk │
‫ سقط المتاع‬s. al-matā‘ waste, scrap(s)
‫ سقطى‬saqaṭī junk dealer, ragman
‫ سقطة‬saqṭa pl. saqaṭāt fall, tumble,
plunge; oversight, slip, error, mistake │
‫ سقطات الطباعة‬misprints, errata
‫ سقوط‬suqūṭ fall, tumble; crash (of an
airplane); collapse, breakdown, ruin;
decline, downfall, fall; devolution (of a
right); slip, lapse │ ‫ سقوط الشعر‬s. aš-ša‘r
loss of hair; ‫ سقوط األمطار‬rainfall
‫ سقيط‬saqīṭ hail
‫ سقاطة‬saqqāṭa, (eg.) suqqāṭa door latch
 ‫ مسقط‬masqaṭ, masqiṭ pl. ‫ مساقط‬masāqiṭ2
place where a falling object lands;
waterfall │ ‫( مسقط افقي‬ufqī) ground plan,
horizontal section; ‫( مسقط رأسي‬ra’sī) front
elevation, vertical section (arch.); ‫مسقط‬
‫ الرأس‬m. ar-ra’s birthplace, home
‫ سقط‬masqaṭ2 Muscat (seaport and
capital of Oman)
‫ اسقاط‬isqāṭ overthrow; shooting down
(of an aircraft); miscarriage, abortion;
deduction, subtraction; rebate │ ‫االسقاط من‬
‫( الجنسية‬jinsīya) abrogation of citizenship;
gation of citizenship; ‫اسقاط قيمة الفرنك‬
(qīmat al-f.) devaluation of the franc
‫ تساقط‬tasāqut loss (of hair) │ ‫تساقط الثلوج‬
snowfall
‫ سقى‬saqā i (saqy) to give (‫ ه ھـ‬s.o. s.th.) to
‫ ساقط‬sāqiṭ pl. ‫ سقاط‬saqāṭ fallen; base,
mean, vile; disreputable, notorious
(district); omitted, missing; forgotten
‫ ساقطة‬sāqiṭa scrap; (pl. -āt) fallen
woman, harlot
‫ سقطراء‬suqṭrā’2 Socotra (island, S of Arabia)
‫ سقع‬saqa‘a a (saq‘) to slap, clap (‫ ه‬،‫ ھـ‬s.o.,
s.th.)
‫ مسقعة‬musaqqa‘a (eg.) dish of eggplant
and meat
1
‫سقف‬II to provide with a roof or ceiling, roof
over (‫ ه‬s.th.)
‫ سقف‬saqf pl. ‫ سقوف‬suqūf, ‫ سقف‬suquf,
‫ اسقف‬asquf roof; ceiling │ ‫ سقف الحلق‬s. al-
ḥalq palate
‫ سقيفة‬saqīfa pl. ‫ سقائف‬saqā’if roofed
passage; roofed gallery; roofing, shelter
‫ تسقيف‬tasqīf roofing
‫ مسقوف‬masqūf roofed, covered (‫ ب‬with)
2
‫اسقف‬asquf pl. ‫ اساقفة‬asāqifa look up
alphabetically
‫ سقالة‬look up alphabetically
‫ سقلب‬saqlaba to throw down (‫ ه‬s.o.)
‫ سقلبي‬saqlabī pl. ‫ سقالبة‬saqāliba Slav;
Slavic 415
‫ سقم‬saqima a (saqam) and saquma u (suqm,
‫ سقام‬saqām) to be or become sick, ill,
ailing; to become thin, lean, skinny; to be
poor, meager, measly II to make sick (‫ه‬
s.o.) IV = II
‫ سقم‬suqm pl. ‫ اسقام‬asqām illness,
sickness; leanness, thinness, skinniness
‫ سقم‬saqam pl. ‫ اسقام‬asqām illness;
sickness; leanness, thinness, skinniness
‫ سقام‬saqām illness, sickness; leanness,
thinness, skinniness
‫ سقيم‬saqīm pl. ‫ سقام‬siqām, ‫ سقماء‬suqamā’2
sick, ill, ailing; skinny, lean, emaciated;
meager, measly; poor, faulty (language)
‫ مسقام‬masqām seriously suffering;
constantly ailing, sickly
‫ سقاوة‬siqāwa glanders
drink, make s.o. (‫ )ه‬drink (‫ ھـ‬s.th.); to
water (‫ ھـ‬cattle, plants); to irrigate (‫ھـ‬
s.th.); to dip, scoop, draw (water) │ ‫سقى‬
‫( الفوالذ‬fūlāda) to temper steel III to give (‫ه‬
‫ ھـ‬s.o. s.th.) to drink; to conclude a lease
contract (‫ ه‬with s.o.; cf. ‫ )مساقاة‬IV to give (‫ه‬
‫ ھـ‬s.o. s.th.) to drink, make s.o. (‫ )ه‬drink (‫ھـ‬
s.th.); to water (‫ ھـ‬cattle, plants); to irrigate
(‫ ھـ‬s.th.) VIII to ask (‫ من‬s.o.) for a drink; to
draw water (‫ من‬from); to draw (‫ من‬s.th.,
e.g., information, knowledge, etc., from),
take, borrow, obtain (‫ من ھـ‬s.th. from) X to
ask (‫ من‬s.o.) for a drink (also ‫ ھـ‬for s.th.);
to pray for rain
‫ سقى‬saqy watering; irrigation
‫ سقاء‬siqā’ pl. ‫ اسقية‬asqiya, ‫ اسقيات‬asqiyāt,
‫ اساق‬asāqin waterskin, milkskin
‫ سقاء‬saqqā’ pl. -ūn water carrier; --
pelican (zool.)
‫ سقاية‬siqāya irrigation, watering; office
of water supplier (spec. the traditional
office of one in charge of providing water
for Mecca pilgrims); watering place;
drinking vessel
‫ مسقى‬misqā pl. ‫ مساق‬masāqin (eg.)
irrigation canal
‫ مساقاة‬musāqāh sharecropping contract
over the lease of a plantation, limited to
one crop period (Isl. Law)
‫ استسقاء‬istisqā’ dropsy │ ‫صالة االستسقاء‬
ṣalāt al-ist. prayer for rain
‫ استسقائي‬istisqā’ī dropsical, hydropic
 ‫ ساق‬sāqin pl. ‫ سقاة‬suqāh cupbearer,
Ganymede, saki
‫ ساقية‬sāqiya barmaid; -- (pl. ‫سواق‬
sawāqin) rivulet; irrigation ditch,
irrigation canal; water scoop; sakieh,
water wheel
‫ سك‬sakka u (sakk) to look, bolt (‫ ھـ‬the door); to
mint, coin (‫ ھـ‬money); -- sakka (1st pers.
perf. sakiktu) a (‫ سكك‬sakak) and VIII to be
or become deaf
‫ سكة‬sikka pl. ‫ سكك‬sikak (minting) die;
coin; road; (eg.) sidestreet, lane (narrower
than ‫ شارع‬šāri‘) │ ‫ سكة الحديد‬and ‫السكة‬
‫ الحديدية‬railroad; ‫( سكة زراعية‬zirā‘īya) field
path, dirt road; ‫ دار السكة‬mint
‫ سكان‬sukkān pl. -āt rudder
‫ اسك‬asakk f. ‫ سكاء‬sakkā’2, pl. ‫ سك‬sukk
deaf
‫ مسكوك‬maskūka pl. -āt coin; drain hole
(tun.) │ ‫‘ علم المسكوكات‬ilm al-m.
numismatics
‫ سكارة‬sigāra pl. ‫ سكائر‬sagā’ir2 (Syrian spelling)
cigarette
‫ سكارين‬sakārīn saccharin
‫ سكب‬sakaba u (sakb) to pour out, shed, spill (‫ھـ‬
s.th.) VII to pour forth, be poured out; be
shed, be spilled
‫ سكيب‬sakīb shed, spilled 416
‫ مسكب‬maskab pl. ‫ مساكب‬masākib2
melting pot, crucible
‫ مسكوبية‬maskūbīya melting pot, crucible
‫ سكباج‬sakbāj meat cooked in vinegar
3
‫ سكت‬sakata u (sakt, ‫ سكوت‬sukūt, ‫ سكات‬sukāt to
be silent, say nothing; to become silent,
lapse into silence; to be or become quiet,
calm down, subside; to pass over s.th. (IT)
in silence; not to answer (‫ عن‬s.o.); pass.
sukita to have a stroke (med.) │ ‫سكت عنه‬
‫( الغضب‬gaḍab) his anger abated II to
silence, calm, soothe, pacify (‫ ه‬،‫ ھـ‬s.o.
s.th.); to order to be silent, hush up (‫ ه‬s.o.)
IV do.; to conceal, refuse to tell (‫ ھـ‬s.th.)
‫ سكت‬sakt silence; taciturnity, reticence
│‫ على السكت‬silently, in silence, quietly
‫ سكتة‬sakta silence, quiet; stroke,
apoplexy (med.) │ ‫( سكتة‬qalbīya) heart
failure
‫ سكات‬sukāt silence; taciturnity,
reticence
‫ سكوت‬sukūt silence; taciturnity,
reticence; see also alphabetically
‫ سكوتي‬sukūtī taciturn, reticent
‫ سكوت‬sakūt taciturn, reticent
‫ سكيت‬sikkīt habitually silent
‫ ساكت‬sākit silent, mum; taciturn,
reticent; still, quiet, calm, tranquil;
quiescent (letter)
1
‫ سكر‬sakara u (sakr) to shut, close, lock, bolt (
‫ ھـ‬s.th.) II do.
2
‫ سكر‬sakara a (sakar, sukr) to be drunk; to get
drunk, become intoxicated IV to make
drunk, intoxicate, inebriate (‫ ه‬s.o.) VI to
pretend to be drunk
‫ سكر‬sukr intoxication, inebriety,
drunkenness
‫ سكر‬sakar an intoxicant; wine
‫ سكرة‬sakra pl. sakarāt inebriety,
intoxication, drunkenness │‫ سكرة الموت‬s.
al-maut agony of death
‫ سكران‬sakrān2, f. ‫ سكرى‬sakrā, pl. ‫سكارى‬
sukārā, sakārā drunk, intoxicated; a drunk
│ ‫( سكران طينة‬ṭīna) (colloq.) dead drunk
‫ سكير‬sikīr drunkard, heavy drinker
‫ مسكر‬muskir pl. -āt alcoholic beverage,
intoxicating liquor
‫ سكر‬II to sugar, sprinkle with sugar (‫ ھـ‬s.th.);
to candy, preserve with sugar (‫ ھـ‬s.th.)
‫ سكر‬sukkar sugar; pl. ‫ سكاكر‬sakākir2
sweetmeats, confectionery, candies │ ‫سكر‬
‫ الثمار‬fructose, levulose, fruit sugar; ‫سكر‬
‫ الشعير‬maltose, malt sugar; ‫ سكر العنب‬s.
al-‘inab dextro-glucose, dextrose, grape
sugar; ‫ سكر القصب‬s. al-qaṣab saccharose,
sucrose, cane sugar; ‫ سكر اللبن‬s. al-laban
lactose, milk sugar; ‫ سكر النبات‬s. an-nabāt
sugar candy, rook candy; ‫ قصب السكر‬qaṣab
as-s. sugar cane; ‫ مرض السكر‬maraḍ as-s.
diabetes
‫ سكري‬sukkarī sugar (adj.), sugary, like
sugar, saccharine; ‫ سكرات‬confectionery;
 sweetmeats, candy │‫مرض البول السكري‬
(maraḍ al-baul) diabetes
‫ سكرية‬sukkarīya sugar bowl
‫ مسكرات‬musakkarāt confectionery,
sweetmeats, candy
4
‫ سكارة‬pl. ‫ سكائر‬look up alphabetically
5
‫ سيكران‬look up alphabetically
‫( سكرتاة‬It. sicurtà) sikurtāh insurance
‫( سكرتارية‬Fr. secrétariat) sekretārīya
secretariat; secretaryship
‫( سكرتو‬It scarto) sikartō cotton waste
‫( سكرتير‬Fr secrétaiea) sekretēr secretary │
‫‘( سكرتير عام‬āmm) secretary-general
‫ سكرتيرية‬sekretērīya secretariat 417
‫ سكرجة‬sukurruja, sukruja pl. ‫ سكاريج‬sakārīj2
bowl; platter, plate
‫ سكروز‬sukrōz saccharose, sucrose
‫ سكرين‬sukkarīn saccharin
‫ سكسك‬II tasaksaka to behave in a servile
manner
‫ سكسكة‬suksuka wren (?)
‫ تسكسك‬tasaksuk servility
‫ سكسوني‬saksūnī Saxonian; Saxon
‫ سكسونيا‬saksōniyā Saxonia
‫ سكع‬V to grope about (‫ الظلمة‬aẓ-ẓulmata in the
dark); to loiter, loaf, hang around; to
proceed aimlessly, dawdle, potter │ ‫طرده‬
‫( الى حيث التسكع‬ḥait t-tasakku‘u) to drive
s.o. out into the dark, leave s.o. to an
uncertain fate
‫ سكاف‬sakkāf shoemaker
‫ سكافة‬sikāfa shoemaker’s trade,
shoemaking
‫ اسكاف‬iskāf and ‫ اسكافي‬iskāfī pl. ‫اساكفة‬
asākifa shoemaker
‫ اسكفة‬askafa threshold, doorstep; lintel
‫ ساكف‬sākif lintel
‫ اسكلة‬pl. ‫ اساكل‬look up alphabetically
1
‫ سكن‬sakana u (‫ سكون‬sukūn) to be or become
still, tranquil, peaceful; to calm down,
repose, rest; (gram.) to be vowelless
(consonant, i.e., have no vowel
immediately fallowing); to abate, subside,
remit, cease (anger, pain, and the like); to
pass, go away (‫ عن‬from s.o. pain), leave (
‫ عن‬s.o., pain); to remain calm, unruffled (
‫ الى‬at, in the face of); to be reassured (،‫ل‬
‫ الى‬by); to rely (‫ الى‬،‫ ل‬on), trust, have faith
(‫ الى‬،‫ ل‬in); to feel at home (‫ الى‬in, at); --
sakana u (sakan, ‫ سكنى‬suknā) to live,
dwell (‫ ب‬or ‫ ھـ‬،‫ في‬in), inhabit (‫ ب‬or ‫ ھـ‬،‫في‬
s.th.) II to calm (‫ ه‬،‫ ھـ‬s.o., s.th.), reassure,
appease, placate (‫ ه‬s.o.), soothe, allay,
alleviate (‫ ھـ‬pain, and the like); (gram.) to
make vowelless (‫ ھـ‬a consonant, i.e.,
pronounce it without a following vowel)
III to live together, share quarters (‫في ه‬
with s.o. in) IV to give or allocate living
quarters (‫ ه‬to s.o.); to settle, lodge, put up (
‫ ھـ ه‬s.o. in) VI to live together, share
quarters
‫ سكن‬sakan means or time for rest;
dwelling, abode, habitation; inhabited
area, human habitations; ashes
‫ سكني‬sakanī ashen, ash-gray
‫ في حركاته وسكناته‬fī ḥarakātihī wa
sakanātihī in all his doings; in every
situation
‫ سكنة‬sakina pl. -āt residence, home
‫ سكون‬sukūn calm, tranquility, peace;
silence, quiet; (gram.) vowellessness of a
medial consonant; the graphic symbol of
this vowellessness │ ‫سكون الطائر‬
seriousness, sedateness, gravity
‫ سكان‬sakkān cutler
‫ سكان‬sukkān pl. -āt rudder
‫ سكين‬sikkīn m. and f. pl. ‫ سكاكين‬sakākīn2
knife
‫ سكينة‬sakīna pl. ‫ سكائن‬sakā’in2
immanence of God, presence of God;
devout, God-inspired peace of mind;
calm, tranquility, peace
‫ سكينة‬sikkīna knife
‫ سكنى‬suknā living, dwelling; stay,
sojourn │ ‫ محل السكنى‬maḥall as-s. place of
residence
‫ سكاكيني‬sakākīnī cutler
‫ مسكن‬maskan, maskin pl. ‫مساكن‬
masākin2 dwelling, abode, habitation;
house; home, residence, domicile
 ‫ تسكين‬taskīn pacification, escape; to slip, slink, sneak, steal (‫الى‬
tranquilization, placation 418 into); to infiltrate (‫ الى‬s.th., also pol.); to
‫ اسكان‬settling, settlement; allocation of advance singly or in small groups (troops
in the field; mil.); to have pulmonary
living quarters
tuberculosis, be consumptive VIII to pull
‫ ساكن‬sākin pl. -ūn, ‫ سكنة‬sakana, f. ‫سواكن‬ out or remove gently (‫ ھـ‬s.th.); to
sawākin2 calm, motionless, still; withdraw gently (‫ ھـ‬s.th., e.g., ‫ كفه‬kaffahū
--vowelless (medial consonant); stagnant, one’s hand, ‫ عن‬from); to unsheathe, draw (
standing (water); O statio (electricity); (pl. ‫ ھـ‬the sword); to wrest, snatch (‫ من ھـ‬from
‫ سكان‬sukkān, ‫ سكنة‬sakana) dweller, s.o. s.th.)
inhabitant, resident, occupant; ‫ السكان‬the
‫ سل‬sall basket
population │ ‫ ساكن الجنان‬inhabitant of
Paradise, deceased person, one of blessed ‫ سل‬sill, sull consumption, phthisis,
memory; ‫ كثير السكان‬populous; ‫ال يحرك ساكنا‬ tuberculosis │ ‫( السل التدرني‬tadarrunī)
(yuḥarriku) he doesn’t budge, he doesn’t tuberculosis; ‫( السل الرئوي‬ri’awī)
bend his little linger, he remains pulmonary tuberculosis
immobile, apathetic; ‫( حرك ساكنه‬sākinahū)
‫ سلة‬salla pl. ‫ سالل‬silāl basket │‫سلة‬
to rouse, agitate s.o.
‫ المھمالت‬s. al-muhmalāt wastepaper basket;
‫ مسكون‬maskūn populated, inhabited; ‫ كرة السلة‬kurat as-s. basketball
haunted (place); possessed (person) │ ‫الدار‬
‫ سليل‬salīl drawn (sword); descendant,
‫ مسكونة‬the house is haunted
scion, son
‫ المسكونة‬al-maskūna the inhabited
‫ سليلة‬salīla pl. ‫ سالئل‬salā’il2 (female)
world, the world
descendant
‫ مسكوني‬maskūnī ecumenical (Chr.)
‫ سالل‬sallāl basketmaker, basket weaver
‫ مسكن‬musakkin pl. -ūn pacifier, soother;
‫ ساللة‬sulāla pl. -āt descendant, scion;
(pl. -āt) sedative, tranquilizer
progeny, offspring; family; race; strain,
‫ مساكن‬musākin pl. -ūn fellow citizen, stock, provenience (of economic plants)
neighbor
‫ ساللى‬sulālī family (adj.)
3
‫ مسكنة‬and ‫ مسكين‬pl. ‫ مساكين‬look up
‫ مسلة‬masalla pl. -āt, ‫ مسال‬masāll2 large
alphabetically
needle, pack needle; obelisk
‫ سكنجبين‬sakanjabīn oxymel (pharm.)
‫ تسلل‬tasallul infiltration (pol.); offside
‫ سكندينافيا‬skandināfiyā and ‫ سكندناوة‬sikandināwa position (in football, hockey, etc.)
Scandinavia
‫ انسالل‬insilāl infiltration (pol.)
‫ سكندنافي‬sikandināfī Scandinavian
‫ مسلول‬maslūl consumptive, affected
‫( سكوت‬Hebr. sukkōṭ): ‫‘ عيد السكوت‬īd as-s. with pulmonary tuberculosis
Sukkoth, Feast of Tabernacles (Jud.)
‫ مستلة‬mustalla pl. -āt offprint (ir.) 419
‫ سكي‬skī ski
‫ سأل‬sala’a a (sal’) to clarify (‫ ھـ‬butter)
1
‫ سل‬sal imperative of ‫ سأل‬sa’ala
‫ سالء‬silā’ pl. ‫ اسلئة‬asli’a clarified butter
2
‫ سل‬salla u (sall) to pull out, withdraw, or
‫ سالطة‬salāṭa salad
remove gently (‫ ھـ‬s.th.); pass. sulla to have
pulmonary tuberculosis, be consumptive ‫ سالفي‬sulāfī Slavic; (pl. -ūn) Slav
V to steal away, slink away, slip away, ‫ سالقون‬salāqūn red lead, minium
escape; to spread, extend, get (‫ الى‬to),
reach (‫ الى‬s.th.); to slip, slink, sneak, steal ‫ سالقى‬see ‫سلق‬
(‫ الى‬into); to betake o.s., go (‫ الى‬to, with ‫ سالنيك‬salānīk2 Salonica (seaport in NE
secret designs); to invade, infiltrate, enter Greece)
(‫ الى‬s.th.); to penetrate (‫ في‬to, as far as) VII
to steal away, slink away, slip away,
‫ سلب‬salaba a (salb) to take away, steal, wrest,
snatch (‫ ه من‬or ‫ ه ھـ‬from s.o. s.th.), rob,
strip, dispossess, deprive (‫ ه من‬or ‫ ه ھـ‬s.o.
of s.th.); to plunder, rifle, loot (‫ ه‬s.o., ‫ھـ‬
s.th.); to strip of arms and clothing (‫ ه‬a
fallen enemy); to withhold (‫ ه ھـ‬from s.o.
s.th.), deny (‫ ه ھـ‬to s.o. s.th.); -- saliba a
(salab) to put on or wear mourning, be in
mourning V to be in mourning VIII =
salaba
‫ سلب‬salb spoliation, plundering,
looting, pillage, robbing; negation │ ‫عالمة‬
‫‘ السلب‬alāmat as-s. minus sign (math.)
‫ سلبي‬salbī negative (also el.); passive │
‫ الدفاع السلبي‬or ‫( المقاومة السلبية‬muqāwama)
passive resistance
‫ سلبية‬salbīya negativism, negative
attitude
‫ سلب‬salab pl. ‫ اسالب‬aslāb loot, booty,
plunder, spoils; hide, shanks and belly of a
slaughtered animal; -- ropes, hawsers (eg.)
‫ سالب‬sillāb pl. ‫ سلب‬sulub black clothing,
mourning (worn by women)
‫ سالب‬sallāb robber, plunderer, looter
‫ سليب‬salīb stolen, taken, wrested away
‫ اسلوب‬uslūb pl. ‫ اساليب‬asālīb2 method,
way, procedure; course; manner, mode,
fashion; style (esp. literary); stylistic
peculiarity (of an author) │ ‫اسلوب كتابي‬
(kitābī) literary style
‫ سلحفاء‬sulaḥfāh, silaḥfāh pl. ‫ سالحف‬salāḥif2
‫ استالب‬istilāb spoliation, plundering,
looting, pillage, robbing
‫ سالب‬sālib negative (adj.); (pl. ‫سوالب‬
sawālib2) O negative (phot.) ‫ سلخ‬salaka a u (salk) to pull off, strip off (‫ھـ‬
‫ مسلوب‬maslūb unsuccessful
‫ سلبند‬salaband martingale (of the harness)
‫ سلت‬salata i u to extract, pull out (‫ ھـ‬s.th.); to
chop off (‫ ھـ‬s.th., esp. a part of the body)
VII to steal away, slip away
‫ سلج‬salg (eg.) = ‫سلق‬
‫ السالجقة‬as-salājiqa the Seljuk
‫ سلجم‬saljam turnip (Brassica rapa; bot.); (eg.)
rape (Brassica napus; bot.)
‫ سلح‬salaḥa a (salḥ) to void excrement; to drop
dung (bird) II to arm (‫ ه ھـ‬s.o. with) V to
arm o.s. VI to engage in battle, fight, cross
swords
‫ سلح‬salḥ and ‫ سالح‬sulāḥ excrements,
dung, droppings
‫ سالح‬silāh pl. ‫ اسلحة‬asliḥa arm, weapon;
arms, weapons; service (as a branch of the
armed forces); armor; steel gripper, steel
claw; plowshare ‫ سالح الطيران‬s. aṭ-ṭayarān
air force; ‫ سالح الفرسان‬s. al-fursān cavalry;
‫ شاك السالح‬šākk as-s. bristling with arms,
armed to the teeth; ‫ سلم سالحه‬sallama
silāḥahū to lay down one’s arms,
surrender
‫ سالحدار‬silāḥdār sword-bearer, shield-
bearer, squire
‫ سليح‬salīḥ pl. -ūn apostle (Chr.)
‫ تسليح‬taslīḥ pl. -āt arming, equipping;
armament, rearmament; armoring,
reinforcement (in ferroconcrete
construction)
‫ تسلح‬tasalluḥ armament, rearmament │
‫ سباق التسلح‬sibāq at-t. arms race
‫ مسلح‬musalliḥ armorer
‫ سلح‬musallaḥ armed; armored,
reinforced (with steel); = Fr. armé │ ‫القوات‬
٤٢٠ ‫( المسلحة‬qūwāt) the armed forces;
‫( اسمنت مسلح‬ismant) ferroconcrete,
reinforced concrete; ‫( خرسانة مسلحة‬karsāna)
do.; ‫( زجاج مسلح‬zujāj) wired glass
turtle, tortoise
‫ سلحفائية‬sulḥafā’īya dawdling,
dilatoriness
s.th.); to skin, flay (‫ ھـ‬an animal); to
detach (‫ ھـ عن‬s.th. from); to end, terminate,
conclude, bring to a close (‫ ھـ‬a period of
time); to spend (‫ ھـ‬a period of time, ‫في‬
doing s.th.) V to peel (skin, from sunburn)
VII to be stripped off, be shed (skin,
slough); to shed, cast off (‫ من‬،‫ عن‬the
slough, the skin), strip off, take off (‫ من‬،‫عن‬
clothing); to abandon, give up, cut off (‫ ھـ‬a
trait, a quality); to get detached (‫ من‬،‫عن‬
from), come off (‫ من‬،‫ ;)عن‬to withdraw,
retire (‫ من‬from); to pass, end (month)
‫ سلخ‬salk detaching; skinning, flaying;
snakeskin, slough; end of the month
 ‫ سلخ‬salk: ‫( خشب سلخ‬kašab) (barkless)
soft wood, alburnum, sapwood
‫ سالخ‬sallāk pl. ‫ة‬, -ūn butcher
‫ سلخ‬salik skinned, flayed; tasteless,
insipid (food)
‫ سليخة‬salīka Chinese cinnamon tree
(Cinnamomum cassia; bot.); cinnamon
bark, cassia bark
‫ سخانة‬salkāna pl. -āt slaughterhouse,
abattoir
‫ مسلخ‬maslak pl. ‫ مسالخ‬masālik2
slaughterhouse, abattoir
‫ مسالخ‬mislāk snakeskin, slough
‫ منسلخ‬munsalak end of the month
‫ سلس‬salisa a (salas, ‫ سالسة‬salāsa) to be
tractable, docile, compliant, obedient; to
be smooth, flowing, fluent (style) IV to
make tractable, render obedient, subdue (
‫ ه‬,‫ ھـ‬s.o., s.th.); to make easy, smooth,
fluent (‫ ھـ‬s.th.)
‫ سلس‬salas incontinence of urine
‫ سلس‬salis tractable, pliable, docile,
compliant, obedient; flexible, smooth,
fluent (style) │ ‫ سلس القياد‬s. al-qiyād
tractable, pliable, docile, compliant,
obedient
‫ سالسة‬salāsa tractability, pliability,
docility, compliance, obedience (also
‫ سالسة القيادة‬s. al-qiyāda); smoothness,
fluency (of style)
‫ اسلس‬aslas2 more tractable, more
pliable, more obedient; more flexible,
smoother, more fluent
‫ سلسبيل‬salsabīl name of a spring in Paradise;
spring, well
‫ سلسل‬salsala to link together, concatenate,
interlink, interlock, connect, unite (‫ ھـ‬s.th.
‫ ب‬with); to chain up, enchain, fetter,
shackle (‫ ه‬s.o.); to pour (‫ الماء في‬water into)
│ ‫ سلسله الى‬to trace s.o.’s lineage back to
s.o. II tasalsala to flow down, trickle (in a
continuous stream); to drip, dribble, fall in
drops (water); to form a chain or series, be
continuous; to be interlinked, interlocked,
linked together, concatenate
‫ سلسل‬salsal cool fresh water
‫ سلسلة‬silsila pl. ‫ سالسل‬salāsil2 iron chain;
chain (also fig.); series (of essays, articles,
etc.) │ ‫ سلسلة الجبال‬mountain chain; ‫سلسلة‬
‫ الظھر‬s. aẓ-ẓahr, backbone, vertebral
column; ‫( السلسلة الفقرية‬faqrīya) do.; ‫سلسلة‬
‫ األكاذب‬fabric of lies; ‫ سلسلة النسب‬s. an-
nasab lineage, line of ancestors
‫ تسلسل‬tasalsul sequence, succession │
‫ بالتسلسل‬without interruption, successively,
consecutively, continuously; ‫ نشره بتسلسل‬to
serialize s.th., publish s.th. in serial form
421
‫ مسلسل‬musalaal chained; continuous
(numbering) │ ‫( رد فعل مسلسل‬raddu fi‘lin)
chain reaction (phys.); ‫المرأة المسلسلة‬
(mar’a) Andromeda (astron.)
‫ متسلسل‬mutasalsil continuous
(numbering)
1
‫ سلط‬II to give (‫ ه‬s.o.) power or mastery (‫على‬
over), set up as overlord, establish as ruler
(‫ على ه‬s.o. over); to impose, inflict (‫ على ه‬a
penalty on s.o.); to bring to bear, exert (‫ھـ‬
force, pressure, and the like, ‫ على‬on); to
load, charge (‫ على ھـ‬s.th. with electric
current) │ ‫( سلطوا عليه ايديھم‬aidiyahum) they
laid violent hands on …, dealt high-
handedly with ...; ‫ سلط عليه الكالب‬to set the
dogs on s.o. V to overcome, surmount (
‫ على‬s.th.); to overpower, overwhelm (‫على‬
s.o.); to prevail, gain the upperhand (‫على‬
over), get the better of (‫ ;)على‬to be
absolute master (‫ على‬of), rule, reign, hold
sway (‫ على‬over); to control, supervise,
command (‫ على‬s.th.)
‫ سلط‬sulṭa pl. -āt, ‫ سلط‬sulaṭ power,
might, strength; authority; sway,
dominion, influence, sovereign power,
jurisdiction; (pl. -āt) official agency,
authority │‫( السلطة األبوية‬abawīya) paternal
authority; patriarchy; ‫( السلطة الروحية‬rūḥīya)
spiritual power; ‫( السلطة التشريعية‬tašrī‘īya)
legislative power; ‫‘( سلطة عسكرية‬askarīya)
military authority; ‫( السلطة القضائية‬qaḍā’īya)
judicial power; ‫( السلطة التنفيذية‬tanfīdīya)
executive power
‫ سلطة‬salṭa jacket
‫ سليط‬salīṭ strong, solid, firm; glib;
impudent, sharp, loose, vicious (tongue)
 ‫ سالطة‬salāṭa glibness; impudence, lack
of restraint (in one’s language); see also
alphabetically
‫ تسلط‬tasalluṭ mastery, sway, dominion;
rule, influence, authority, supremacy (‫على‬
over); supervision, control
2
‫سلط‬salaṭa and ‫ سالطة‬salāṭa salad
‫ سلطح‬III ‫ اسلنطح‬islanṭaḥa to be broad, be wide
‫ سالطح‬sulāṭiḥ wide
‫ سلطن‬salṭana to proclaim sultan, establish as
ruler (‫ ه‬s.o.) II ‫ تسلطن‬tasalṭana to become
sultan or ruler
‫ سلطنة‬salṭana sultanate
‫ سلطان‬sulṭān m. and f. power, might,
strength; rule, reign, dominion, sway;
authority; mandate, authorization;
legitimation (‫ ب‬for); -- (pl. ‫ سالطين‬salāṭīn2)
sultan; (absolute) ruler │ ‫ سلطان ابراھيم‬s.
ibrāhīm red mullet (Mullus barbatus;
zool.); ‫( ما انزل ﷲ به من سلطان‬anzala llāhu)
(lit.; God has revealed no legitimation for
it; with preceding indeterminate noun)
vain, unfounded, baseless, arbitrary
‫ سلطانة‬sulṭāna sultana, sultaness
‫ سلطاني‬sulṭānī of the sultan; sovereign,
imperial, royal │ ‫ طريق سلطاني‬imperial
highway
‫ سلطانية‬suṭānīya soup bowl, tureen;
large metal bowl
‫ سلع‬Sali‘a a (sala‘) to crack, become cracked
VII to split, break open, burst
‫ سلع‬sal‘ pl. ‫ سلوع‬sulū‘ crack, fissure, rift
‫ سلعة‬sil‘a pl. ‫ سلع‬sila‘ commodity,
commercial article; sebaceous cyst, wen
‫ سلف‬salafa u (salaf) to be over, be past, be
bygone; to precede, antecede II to lend,
loan, advance (‫ ھـ ه‬to s.o. money) IV to
make (‫ ھـ‬s.th.) precede; to lend, loan,
advance (‫ ه ھـ‬to s.o. money) │ ‫)اسلفنا )القول‬
(qaul) we have already said, we have
previously stated; ‫ كما اسلفنا‬as we have
already said V to borrow (‫ ھـ من‬s.th. from);
to contract a loan VIII = V
‫ سلف‬silf pl. ‫ اسالف‬aslāf brother-in-law
‫ سلفة‬silfa sister-in-law 422
‫ سلف‬salaf and pl. ‫ اسالف‬aslāf
predecessors; forebears, ancestors,
forefathers; ‫ سلف‬advance payment,
prepayment; free loan, noninterest-bearing
loan; ‫ سلفا‬salafan in advance, beforehand,
before │ ‫ السلف الصالح‬the worthy ancestors,
the venerable forefathers
‫ سلفية‬salafīya pl. -āt free loan; (cash)
advance
‫ السلفية‬as-salafīya an Islamic reform
movement in Egypt, founded by
Mohammed ‘Abduh (1849-1906)
‫ سلفة‬sulfa pl. ‫ سلف‬sulaf loan; (cash)
advance; inner lining of shoes, inner sole
‫ سالف‬sulāf choicest wine (made of the
juice flowing from unpressed grapes)
‫ سالفة‬sulāfa = ‫ سالف‬sulāf
‫ سلفاء‬sulafā’2 predecessors
‫ مسلفة‬mislafa harrow
‫ تسليف‬taslīf credit, advance │ ‫سعر التسليف‬
si‘r at-t. rate of interest; ‫ بنك التسليف‬credit
bank
‫ تسليفة‬talīfa credit, loan │ ‫تسليفة عقارية‬
(‘aqārīya) land credit
‫ سالف‬sālif pl. ‫ سلف‬salaf, ‫ سالف‬sullāf,
‫ سوالف‬sawālif, preceding, foregoing,
former, previous, bygone, past;
predecessor; ‫ سالفا‬sālifan formerly,
previously; above (as a reference in
books, etc.) │ ‫ سوالف األحداث‬former, or
past, events; ‫ سالف الذكر‬s. ad-dikr
aforementioned; ‫ سالف العروس‬s. al-‘arūs
amaranth (bot.); ‫ في سالف الزمان‬fī s. iz-
zamān in former times, in the old days
1
‫ سلفات‬sulfāt sulfate │ ‫ سلفات النشادر‬s. an-
nušādir ammonium sulfate
2
O ‫ سلفت‬salfata to asphalt (‫ ھـ‬s.th.)
O ‫ مسلفت‬musalfat asphalted
‫ سلفيد‬sulfīd sulfide
‫ سلق‬salaqa u (salq) to lacerate the skin (‫ ه‬of
s.o.; with a whip); to remove with boiling
water (‫ ھـ‬s.th.); to boil, cook in boiling
water (‫ ھـ‬s.th.); to scald (‫ ھـ‬plants; said of
excessive heat); to hurt (‫ ه‬s.o., ‫ بلسانه‬bi-
lisānihī with one’s tongue, i.e., give s.o. a
 tongue-lashing) V to ascend, mount,
climb, scale (‫ ھـ‬s.th.); to climb up (plant)
‫ سلق‬salq (eg.), silq a variety of chard,
the leaves of which are prepared as a salad
or vegetable dish
‫ السالق‬as-sullāq Ascension of Christ
‫ سالقة‬salāqa vicious tongue, violent
language
‫ سليقة‬salīqa pl. ‫ سالئق‬salā’iq2 dish made
of grain cooked with sugar, cinnamon and
fennel (syr.); inborn disposition, instinct
‫ سلقون‬salaqūn and ‫ سالقون‬salāqūn red
lead, minium
‫ سالقي‬salāqī saluki, greyhound, hunting
dog
‫ سلوقي‬salūqī saluki, greyhound, hunting
dog
‫ تسلق‬tasalluq climbing; ascent
‫ مسلوق‬maslūq cooked, boiled (meat,
egg, vegetable)
‫ مسلوقة‬maslūqa pl. ‫ مساليق‬masālīq2
bouillon, broth
‫ النباتات المتسلقة‬an-nabātāt al-mutasalliqa
climbing plants, creepers
‫ سلك‬salaka u (salk, ‫ سلوك‬sulūk) to follow (‫ ھـ‬a
road), travel (‫ ھـ‬along a road); to take (‫ ھـ‬a
road), enter upon a course or road (‫;ھـ‬
fig.); to behave, comport o.s. (‫ نحو‬toward
s.o.); to proceed, act; to set foot (‫ ھـ‬on),
enter (‫ ھـ‬a place); -- salaka (salk) to insert
(‫ ھـ في‬s.th. in), stick (‫ ھـ في‬s.th. into); to
pass (‫ ھـ‬thread, ‫ في اإلبرة‬through the eye of
a needle), thread a 423 needle │ ‫سلكه في‬
‫( السلسلة‬silsila) to chain s.o. up II to clean,
clear (‫ ھـ‬s.th., esp. pipelines, canals, etc.);
to unreel, unwind (‫ ھـ‬yarn); to clarify,
unravel, disentangle (‫ امرا معقدا‬amran
mu‘aqqadan a complicated affair) IV to
insert (‫ ھـ في‬s.th. in), stick (‫ ھـ في‬s.th. into);
to pass (‫ ھـ‬thread, ‫ في لإلبرة‬through the eye
of a needle), thread a needle
‫ سلك‬silk pl. ‫ اسالك‬aslāk thread; string
(also, of a musical instrument); line; wire;
rail (Mor.); -- organization, body;
profession (as a group or career); corps;
cadre │ ‫ سلك األرض‬s. al-arḍ or ‫السلك األرضي‬
(arḍī) ground wire; ‫( اسالك بحرية‬baḥrīya)
underwater cable; O ‫السلك الحراري‬
(h>arārī) filament (of a radio tube); O
‫( السلك المتحكم‬mutaḥakkim) grid (of a radio
tube); (‫( رجال( السلك السياسي‬siyāsī)
diplomatic corps; ‫ سلك الشرطة‬s. aš-šurṭa the
police; ‫ السلك الشائك‬barbed wire; O ‫سلك‬
‫ االنصھار الواقى‬fuse (el.); ‫السلك التعليمي‬
(ta‘līmī) the teaching profession, the
teachers; ‫ سلك القضاء‬s. al-qaḍā’ the
judiciary, the judicature; O ‫السلك المقاوم‬
(muqāwim) resistor (el.); O ‫السلك الھوائي‬
(hawā’ī) antenna, aerial; ‫انتظو في )الى( السلك‬
‫ البحري‬to be a member of an organization
and the like; to join an organization and
the like, e.g., ‫( االنتظام الى السلك البحري‬baḥrī)
entrance into the navy (as also ‫انخراط في‬
‫)سلك‬
‫ سلكي‬silkī by wire, wire (adj.)
‫ السلكي‬lā-silkī wireless; radio,
broadcasting (adj. and n.); radiogram;
radio specialist │ ‫( اشارة السلكية‬išāra) radio
message; ‫ عامل السلكي‬radio operator
‫ سلكة‬silka pl. ‫ سلك‬silak wire; thread;
string (also, of a musical instrument)
‫ سلوك‬sulūk behavior, comportment,
demeanor, manners; conduct, deportment,
attitude │ ‫ حسن السلوك‬ḥusn as-s. good
behavior, good manners; ‫ قواعد السلوك‬or
‫ آداب السلوك‬etiquette
‫ مسلك‬maslak pl. ‫ مسالك‬masālik2 way,
road, path; course of action, policy;
procedure, method │ ‫المسالك البولية‬
(baulīya) the urinary passages (anat.);
‫ مسالك الھواء‬m. al-hawā’ the respiratory
passages (anat.); ‫ سلك مسلكا‬to enter upon a
course (fig.)
‫ مسلكي‬maslakī professional, vocational,
industrial, trade (adj.)
‫ سالك‬sālik cleaning, clearing
‫ سالك‬sālik passable, practicable (road);
entered upon (course); clear, open, not
blocked, not obstructed (also anat.); (pl.
-āt) one who follows the spiritual path
(esp. myst.)
‫ مسلوك‬maslūk passable, practicable
(road); entered upon (course)
‫ سلم‬salima a (‫ سالمة‬salāma, ‫ سالم‬salām)
to be safe and sound, unharmed,
unimpaired, intact, safe, secure; to be
unobjectionable, blameless faultless; to be
certain, established, clearly proven (fact);
to be free (‫ من‬from); to escape (‫من ه‬
danger) II to preserve, keep from injury,
protect from harm (‫ ه‬s.o.), save (‫ ه من‬s.o.
from); to hand over intact (‫ ھـ‬s.th., ‫ ل‬or ‫الى‬
to s.o.); to hand over, turn over, surrender
(‫ ه‬,‫ ھـ‬s.o., s.th., ‫ ل‬or ‫ الى‬to s.o.); to deliver (
‫ ھـ ل‬or ‫ الى‬to s.o. s.th.); to lay down (‫ھـ‬
arms); to surrender, give o.s. up (‫ ل‬or ‫الى‬
to); to submit, resign o.s. (‫ ل‬or ‫ الى‬to); to
greet. Salute (‫ على‬s.o.); to grant salvation
(God to the Prophet); to admit, concede,
grant (‫ ب‬s.th.); to consent (‫ ب‬to s.th.),
approve (‫ ب‬of s.th.), accept, sanction,
condone (‫ ب‬s.th.) │ ‫سلم امره الى ﷲ‬
(amrahū) to commit one’s cause to God,
resign o.s. to the will of God; ‫سلم روحه‬
(rūḥahū) to give up the ghost; ‫سلم نفسه‬
‫( األخير‬nafasahū) to breathe one’s last, be
in the throes of death; ‫سلم نفسه للبوليس‬
(nafsahū) to give o.s. up to the police; ‫سلم‬
‫( اليه على الحسنى واإلساءة‬ḥusnā, isā’a) 424 to
put o.s. at s.o.’s mercy; ‫( سلم لي عليه‬salim)
give him my best regards! remember me
to him! ‫( صلى ﷲ عليه وسلم‬sallā) God bless
him and grant him salvation (eulogy after
the name of the Prophet Mohammed) III
to keep the peace, make one’s peace,
make up (‫ ه‬with s.o.) IV to forsake, leave,
desert, give up, betray (‫ ه‬s.o.); to let sink,
drop (‫ رأسه الى ركبتيه‬ra’sahū i. rukbataihī
one’s head, to one’s knees); to hand over,
turn over (‫ الى‬to s.o., ‫ ھـ‬or ‫ ه‬s.o. or s.th.); to
leave, abandon (‫ الى ھـ‬s.th. to s.o.); to
deliver up, surrender, expose (‫ ه الى‬s.o. to);
to commit o.s. resign o.s. ( to the will of
God, with ellipsis of ‫ نفسه‬or ‫امره(؛ )اسلم‬
alone:) to declare o.s. committed to the
will of God, become a Muslim, embrace
Islam │ ‫( اسلم امره الى ﷲ‬amrahū) to commit
one’s cause to God, resign o.s. to the will
of God; ‫( )اسلم روحه )الروح‬rūḥahū) to give
up the ghost V to get, obtain (‫ ھـ‬s.th.); to
receive (‫ ھـ‬s.th.); to have (‫ ھـ‬s.th.) handed
over or delivered; to take over, assume (‫ھـ‬
the management of s.th.) │ ‫تسلم مقاليد الحكم‬
(m. al-ḥukm) to take (the reins of) power
VI to become reconciled with one another,
make peace with one another VIII to
touch, graze (‫ ھـ‬s.th.); to receive, get,
obtain (‫ ھـ‬s.th.); to take over (‫ ھـ‬s.th.), take
possession (‫ ھـ‬of) X to surrender,
capitulate; to give way, submit, yield,
abandon o.s. (‫ ل‬or ‫ الى‬to s.th.); to give o.s.
over (‫ ل‬or ‫ الى‬to s.th.; to a man, said of a
woman); to lend o.s., be a party (‫ ل‬or ‫ الى‬to
s.th.); to succumb (‫ ل‬to)
‫ سلم‬salm peace
‫ سلم‬silm m. and f. peace; the religion of
Islam │‫ حب السلم‬ḥubb as-s. pacifism
‫ سلمي‬silmī peaceful; pacifist
‫ سلم‬salam forward buying (Isl. Law); a
variety of acacia
‫ سلم‬sullam pl. ‫ ساللم‬salālim2, ‫سالليم‬
salālīm2 ladder; (flight of) stairs, stair-
case; stair, step, running board; (mus.)
scale; means, instrument, tool (fig.) │ ‫سلم‬
‫( متحرك‬mutaḥarrik) escalator
‫ سلمة‬sullama step, stair
‫ سالم‬salām soundness, unimpairedness,
intactness, well-being; peace,
peacefulness; safety, security; -- (pl. -āt)
greeting, salutation; salute; military salute;
national anthem │ ‫‘( السالم العام‬āmm)
general welfare, commonweal; ‫دار السالم‬
Paradise; an epithet of Baghdad; Dar es
Salaam (seaport and capital of
Tanganyika); ‫( مدينة السالم‬the City of Peace
=) Baghdad; ‫ نھر السالم‬nahr as-s. the
Tigris; ‫( السالم عليكم‬salāmu), ‫ سالم عليكم‬peace
be with you! (a Muslim salutation); ‫عليه‬
‫ السالم‬upon him be peace (used
parenthetically after the names of angels
and of pre-Mohammedan prophets); ‫يا سالم‬
exclamation of dismay, esp. after s.th.
calamitous has happened: good Lord!
good heavens! oh dear! ‫يا سالم على‬
exclamation of amazement or grief about
s.th.: there goes (go) ...! what a pity for ...!
how nice is (are) ...! ‫( بلغ سالمي اليه‬ballig)
give him my kind regards! remember me
to him! ‫( والسالم‬and) that’s all, and let it be
done with that; ‫ سالم‬... ‫ على‬it’s all over with
...
‫( سالملك‬Turk. selamlιk) selāmlιk
selamlik, reception room, sitting room,
parlor
‫ سالمة‬salāma blamelessness
flawlessness; unimpaired state, soundness,
integrity, intactness; well-being, welfare;
safety, security; smooth progress; success
│ ‫( السالمة االجماعية‬ijmā‘īya) collective
security; ‫ سالمة الذوق‬s. ad-dauq good taste;
‫ سالمة )امالك( البالد‬the integrity of the
country; ‫ سالمة النية‬s. an-nīya sincerity,
guilelessness; ‫ بسالمة النية‬in good faith,
bona fide; ‫ سالمتك‬a speedy recovery! ‫مع‬
‫( السالمة‬a greeting of 425 farewell, said by
the person remaining behind) approx.:
good-by! farewell! ‫الحمد على السالمة‬
(ḥamdu) praised be God for your well-
being! (said to the traveler returning from
a journey)
‫ سليم‬salīm pl. ‫ سلماء‬sulamā’2 safe,
secure; free (‫ من‬from); unimpaired,
undamaged, unhurt, sound, intact,
complete, perfect, whole, integral;
faultless, flawless; well; safe and sound;
safe; healthy; sane; (euphemistically)
seriously injured or damaged, on the verge
of ruin │ ‫ سليم البنية‬s. al-bunya healthy,
sound in body; ‫ سليم العاقبة‬benign (disease);
‫ سليم العقل‬s. al-‘aql sane; ‫ سليم النية‬s. an-nīya,
‫ سليم القلب‬s. al-qalb guileless, sincere, good-
natured; ‫( ذوق سليم‬dauq) good taste
‫ سالمى‬sulāmā pl. ‫ سالميات‬sulāmayāt
phalanx, digital bone (of the hand or foot)
‫ سالمية‬sulāmīya pl. -āt phalanx, digital
bone (of the hand or foot)
2
‫ اسلم‬aslam safer; freer; sounder;
healthier
‫( سلندر‬Fr. cylindre) silender pl. -āt cylinder (of
‫ سليماني‬sulaimānī Solomon │ ‫حوت سليمان‬
ḥūt s. salmon
‫ )سال )سلو‬salā u (‫ سلو‬sulūw, ‫ سلوان‬sulwān) and
‫ سليماني‬sulaimānī corrosive sublimate,
mercury chloride
‫ تسليم‬taslīm handing over, turning over;
presentation; extradition; surrender (of
s.th.); delivery (com.; of mail);
submission, surrender, capitulation;
salutation; greeting; concession,
admission; assent, consent (‫ ب‬to),
acceptance, approval, condonation,
unquestioning recognition (‫ ب‬of)
‫ مسالمة‬musālama conciliation,
pacification
‫ اسالم‬islām submission, resignation,
reconciliation (to the will of God); --
‫ االسالم‬the religion of Islam; the era of
Islam; the Muslims
‫ اسالمي‬islāmī Islamic
‫ اسالمية‬islāmīya the idea of Islam,
Islamism; status or capacity of a Muslim
‫ اسالمبولي‬look up alphabetically
‫ تسلم‬tasallum receipt; taking over,
assumption; reception
‫ استالم‬istilām receipt; acceptance; taking
over, assumption │ ‫افادة االستالم‬
acknowledgment of receipt
‫ استسالم‬istislām surrender, capitulation;
submission, resignation, self-surrender
‫ سالم‬sālim safe, secure; free (‫ من‬from);
unimpaired, unblemished, faultless,
flawless, undamaged, unhurt, intact, safe
and sound, safe; sound, healthy; whole,
perfect, complete, integral; regular (verb)
│ ‫( الجمع السالم‬jam‘) sound (= external)
plural (gram.)
‫ مسلم‬musallam unimpaired, intact,
unblemished, flawless; (also ‫)مسلم به‬
accepted, uncontested, incontestable,
indisputable, incontrovertible
‫ مسالم‬musālim peaceable, peaceful,
peace-loving; mild-tempered, lenient,
gentle
‫ مسلم‬muslim pl. -ūn Muslim
‫ مستلم‬mustalim recipient; consignee
an automobile, and the like)
‫ سلي‬saliya a (‫ سلي‬sulīy) to get rid of the
memory of (‫ ه‬،‫ ھـ‬or ‫)عن‬, forget (‫ ه‬،‫ ھـ‬or ‫عن‬
s.o., s.th.), think no more (‫ ه‬،‫ ھـ‬or ‫ عن‬of) II
to make (‫ ه‬s.o.) forget (‫ عن‬s.o., s.th.); to
comfort, console, solace (‫ ه‬s.o., ‫ عن‬for the
loss of); to cheer up (‫ ه‬s.o.); to distract.
divert (‫ عن ه‬s.o.’s mind from); to amuse,
entertain (‫ ه‬s.o.); to alleviate, dispel (‫ھـ‬
worries and the like) IV = II V to delight,
take pleaure (‫ ب‬in), have a good time,
have fun, amuse o.s. (‫ ب‬with); to console
o.s. (‫ عن ب‬for s.th. 426 with), find comfort
(‫ عن ب‬for s.th. in); to seek distraction or
diversion (‫ عن ب‬from s.th. in)
‫ سلوى‬salwā, sulwā solace, consolation,
comfort; fun, amusement, entertainment,
distraction, diversion; pastime │ ‫ھو في سلوة‬
‫‘( من العيش‬aiš) he leads a comfortable life
‫ سلوى‬salwā consolation, solace, comfort
 ‫ سلوى‬salwā (n. un. ‫ )سلواة‬pl. ‫سالوى‬
salāwā quail (zool.)
‫ سلوان‬sulwān forgetting, oblivion;
consolation, solace, comfort
‫ مسالة‬maslāh pl. ‫ مسال‬masālin object of
amusement; amusement, entertainment,
fun, distraction, diversion; solace,
consolation, comfort
‫ تسلية‬tasliya consolation, amusement,
distraction, diversion, fun; pastime,
entertainment
‫ مسل‬musallin amusing, entertaining;
comforting, consoling; comforter,
consoler
‫ سلوفينيا‬slovēniyā Slovenia
□ ‫ مسلي‬maslī (eg.) = ‫ سمن‬samn: cooking butter
│ ‫( مسلي نباتي‬nabātī) vegetable butter
‫ سلينيوم‬silīniyūm selenium
1
‫ اسم‬ism pl. ‫ اسماء‬asmā’, ‫ اسام‬asāmin name;
appellation; reputation, standing, prestige;
(gram.) noun; ‫ اسما‬isman nominally │ ‫اسم‬
‫ التأليف‬pen name, nom de plume; ‫اسم الكتابة‬
do.; ‫( اسم تجاري‬tijārī) firm name (com.);
‫ اسم علم‬ism ‘alam proper name; ‫اسم جامد‬
(gram.) primary noun (not derived from a
verb form); ‫ اسم الجمع‬ism al-jam‘ (gram.)
collective noun (which, though forming
no nomen unitatis, has a broken plural);
‫ اسم الجنس الجمعي‬ism al-jins al-jam‘ī (gram.)
generic collective noun (which can form a
nomen unitatis; e.g., rv. /lamam pigoons);
‫ اسم اإلشارة‬ism al-išāra (gram.)
demonstrative pronoun; ‫( اسم التصغير‬gram.)
diminutive; ‫ اسم العدد‬ism al-‘adad (gram.)
numeral; ‫ اسم المعنى‬ism al-ma‘nā (gram.)
abstract noun; ‫ اسم العين‬ism al-‘ain (gram.)
concrete noun; ‫( اسم التفضيل‬gram.) elative;
‫ اسم الفعل‬ism al-fi‘l (gram.) verbal noun,
nomen verbi; ‫( اسم الفاعل‬gram.) nomen
agentis, active participle; ‫اسم المفعول‬
(gram.) nomen patientis, passive
participle; ‫ اسم المرة‬ism al-marra (gram.)
nomen vicis; ‫( األسماء الحسنى‬ḥusnā) the 99
names of God (Isl.); ‫ باسم فالن‬in s.o.’s
name, on behalf of s.o.; ‫ بسم ﷲ‬in the name
of God; ‫تقدم الطلبات باسم رئيس الجمعية‬
(tuqaddamu ṭ-ṭalabāt) applications will be
addressed to the chairman of the society
‫ اسمي‬ismī in name only, nominal,
titular; nominal (gram.) │ ‫مبلغ اسمي‬
(mablag) nominal par; ‫( جملة اسمية‬jumla)
nominal clause (gram.); ‫( قيمة اسمية‬qīma)
nominal value, face value
2
‫ سم‬samma u (samm) to put poison (‫ ھـ‬into
s.th.); to poison (‫ ه‬s.o., ‫ ھـ‬s.th.) II to poison
(‫ ھـ‬s.th.) V to be poisoned, poison o.s.
‫ سم‬samm pl. ‫ سموم‬sumūm, ‫ سمام‬simām
poison, toxin; venom; opening, hole; eye
(of a needle) │ ‫( السموم البيضاء‬baiḍā’) the
white narcotics (such as cocaine, Heroin,
etc.)
‫ سموم‬samūm f., pl. ‫ سمائم‬samā’im2 hot
wind, hot sandstorm, simoom
‫ مسام‬masāmm2, ‫ مسامات‬masāmmāt (pl.)
pores (of the skin)
‫ مسامي‬masāmmī porous
‫ مسامية‬masāmmīya porousness, porosity
‫ تسمم‬tasammum poisoning, toxication;
sepsis │ ‫( التسمم البولي‬baulī) uremia; ‫التسمم‬
‫( الدموي‬damawī) blood poisoning, toxemia
‫ سام‬sāmm poisonous; toxic, toxicant;
venomous 427
‫ مسموم‬masmūm poisoned; poisonous
‫ مسم‬musimm poisonous; venomous;
toxic, toxicant
‫ سمانجوني‬samānjūnī sky-blue, azure, cerulean
‫ سمباتوي‬simbātawī sympathetic (physiol.)
1
‫ سمت‬III to be on the other side of (‫)ھـ‬, be
opposite s.th. (‫)ھـ‬, face s.th. (‫)ھـ‬
‫ سمت‬samt pl. ‫ سموت‬sumūt way, road;
manner, mode; ‫ السمت‬azimuth (astron.) │
‫ سمت الرأس‬s. ar-ra’s zenith, vertex
(astron.); ‫ سمت الشمس‬s. aš-šams ecliptic
(astron.); ‫ سمت االعتدال‬equinoctial colure
(astron.); ‫ سمت القدم‬s. al-qadam nadir
(astron.); ‫ سمت االنقالب‬solstitial colure
(astron.); ‫ نظير السمت‬nadir (astron.); ‫اخذ‬
‫ سمته الى‬to take the road to ...
2
‫ سمات‬pl. of ‫سمة‬, see ‫وسم‬
‫ سمج‬samuja to be ugly, disgusting, revolting II
to make (‫ ھـ‬s.th.) ugly or loath-some
‫ سمج‬samj pl. ‫ سماج‬simāj and samij pl.
‫ سماجى‬samājā ugly, disgusting, loathsome,
revolting
 ‫ سميج‬samīj pl. ‫ سماج‬simāj, ‫ سماجى‬samājā,
‫ سمجاء‬samajā’2 ugly, disgusting,
loathsome, revolting
‫ سماجة‬samāja ugliness, abominableness,
odiousness
‫ سمح‬samuḥa u (samḥ, ‫ سماح‬samāḥ, ‫سماحة‬
samāḥa) to be generous, magnanimous,
kind, liberal, openhanded; -- samaḥa a (
‫ سماح‬samāḥ) to grant from a generous
heart (‫ ب ل‬s.o. s.th.); to allow, permit (‫ان‬
or ‫ ب ل‬s.o. s.th. or to do s.th.); to
authorize, empower (‫ ب ل‬s.o. to do s.th.) │
‫ ال سمح ﷲ‬God forbid! II to act with
kindness III to show o.s. tolerant (‫ ه‬with
s.o., ‫ في‬or ‫ ب‬in), treat kindly, with
indulgence (‫ في‬or ‫ ب ه‬s.o. in the matter of),
forgive (‫ في‬or ‫ ب ه‬s.o. s.th.) VI to be
indulgent, forbearing, tolerant (‫مع في‬
toward s.o. in), show good will (‫ في‬in); to
be not overparticular (‫ في‬in); to practice
mutual tolerance X to ask s.o.’s (‫)ه‬
permission; to ask forgiveness, apologize
‫ سمح‬samḥ magnanimity, generosity;
kindness; liberality, munificence
‫ سمح‬samḥ pl. ‫ سماح‬simāḥ magnanimous,
generous; kind; liberal, openhanded
‫ سماح‬samāḥ magnanimity, generosity;
kindness; liberality, munificence;
indulgence, forbearance, tolerance,
forgiveness, pardon; permission (‫ ب‬for, to
do s.th.)
‫ سماحة‬samāḥa magnanimity; generosity;
kindness; liberality, munificence;
indulgence, forbearance, tolerance; ‫سماحته‬
His Eminence, ‫ سماحة المفتي‬His Eminence
the Mufti (title of a mufti)
‫ سميح‬samīḥ pl. ‫ سمحاء‬sumahā’2
generous, magnanimous; kind, forgiving;
liberal, openhanded
‫ الحنيفة السمحاء‬al-ḥanīfa as-samḥā’ the
true and tolerant (religion. i.e., Islam)
‫ مسامحة‬musāmaḥa pardon, forgiveness;
(pl. -āt) vacation, holidays
‫ تسامح‬tasāmuḥ indulgence, forbearance,
leniency, tolerance
‫ مسموح به‬masmūḥ bihī allowed,
permitted, permissible, admissible │
‫ مسموحات‬licenses, privileges, prerogatives
‫ متسامح‬mutasāmiḥ indulgent, forbearing
(‫ مع‬toward), tolerant
‫ سمحاق‬simḥāq pl. ‫ سماحق‬samāḥiq2 periosteum
(anat.)
1
‫ سمد‬samada u (‫ سمود‬sumūd) to raise one’s
head proudly, bear one’s head proudly
erect (also with ‫ )الرأس‬II to dung, manure,
fertilize (‫ األرض‬the soil)
‫ سماد‬samād pl. ‫ اسمدة‬asmida dung,
manure, fertilizer │ ‫( سماد صناعي‬ṣinā‘ī)
428 chemical fertilizer; ‫ سماد عضوي‬organic
fertilizer
‫ تسميد‬tasmīd manuring, fertilizing
‫ سامد‬sāmid: ‫ سامد الرأس‬s. ar-ra’s with
head erect
‫ مسمدات‬musammidāt fertilizers
2
□ ‫ سميد‬samīd (= ‫ )سميذ‬semolina (syr.); a kind
of biscuit or rusk, sometimes ring-shaped
and sprinkled with sesame seed (eg.)
‫ سمدور‬sumdūr pl. ‫ سمادير‬samādīr2 dizziness,
vertigo
‫ سميذ‬samīd semolina
1
‫ سمر‬samura u (‫ سمرة‬sumra) to be or turn
brown; -- samara u (samr, ‫ سمور‬sumūr) to
chat in the evening or at night; to chat,
talk (generally) II to nail, fasten with nails
(‫ ھـ الى‬s.th. to or on); to drive in (‫ المسمار‬al-
mismār the nail) III to spend the night or
evening in pleasant conversation, chat at
night or in the evening (‫ ه‬with s.o.); to
converse, talk, chat(‫ ه‬with s.o.) V to be or
get nailed down, be fastened with nails: to
stand as if pinned to the ground VI to
spend the night or evening in pleasant
conversation, chat with one another at
night or in the evening; to converse, talk,
chat IX = I samura
‫ سمر‬saar pl. ‫ اسمار‬asmār nightly, or
evening, chat; conversation, talk, chat;
night, darkness
‫ سمرة‬sumra brownness, brown color
‫ سمار‬samār (eg.) a variety of rush used
for plaiting mats (Juncus spinocus F., bot.)
│ ‫( سمار ھندي صلب‬hindī ṣulb) a variety of
bamboo
‫ سمير‬samīr companion in nightly
entertainment, conversation partner;
 entertainer in general, with stories, songs,
music, amusing improvisations)
‫ سميرة‬samīra woman partner in nightly
or evening conversation; woman
entertainer; woman companion (who
entertains with lively conversation)
‫ اسمر‬asmar2, f. ‫ سمراء‬samrā’2, pl. ‫سمر‬
sumr brown; tawny; pl. ‫ سمراوات‬samrāwāt
brown-skinned women
‫ مسامر‬masāmir2 (pl.) evening or nightly
entertainments (conversations, also
games, vocal recitals, storytelling, etc.)
‫ مسمار‬mismār pl. ‫ مسامير‬masāmīr2 nail;
peg; pin, tack, rivet; corn (on the toes)
‫ الخط المسماري‬al-kaṭṭ al-mismārī
cuneiform writing
‫ مسامرة‬musāmara nightly or evening
chat; conversation, talk, chat
‫ سامر‬sāmir pl. ‫ سمار‬summār companion
in nightly entertainment; causeur,
conversationalist; entertainer
‫ سوامر‬sawāmir2 (pl.) evenings of
entertainment, social evenings; evening or
nightly entertainments (conversations,
also games, vocal recitals, storytelling,
etc.)
‫ مسمر‬musammar fastened with nails,
nailed on, nailed down; provided, or
studded, with nails; hobnailed
‫ مسامر‬musāmir companion in nightly
entertainment, conversation partner
2
‫ السامرة‬as-sāmira the Samaritans
‫ سامري‬sāmirī Samaritan; (pl. -ūn, ‫سمرة‬
samara) a Samaritan
3
‫ سمور‬pl. ‫ سمامير‬look up alphabetically
‫ سمرقند‬samarqand2 Samarkand (city in Uzbek
S.S.R.)
‫ سمسر‬samsara to act as broker or middleman
‫ سمسرة‬samsara brokerage; caravansary
‫ سمسار‬simsār pl. ‫ سماسرة‬samāsira, ‫سماسر‬
samāsir2, ‫ سماسير‬samāsīr2 broker, jobber,
429 middleman, agent │ ‫ سمسار األسھم‬s. al-
ashum stockbroker
‫ سمسيرة‬samsīra (ir.) go-between, match-
maker
‫ سمط‬samaṭa u (samṭ) to scold (‫ ھـ‬s.th.); to
prepare (‫ ھـ‬s.th.)
‫ سمط‬simṭ pl. ‫ سموط‬sumūṭ string, thread
(of a pearl necklace)
‫ سماط‬simāṭ pl. -āt, ‫ سمط‬sumuṭ, ‫اسمطة‬
asmiṭa cloth on which food is served;
meal, repast
‫ مسمط‬masmaṭ pl. ‫ مسامط‬masāmiṭ2
scalding house (where the carcasses of
slaughtered animals are scalded)
O ‫ مسمط‬mismaṭ pl. ‫ مسامط‬masāmiṭ2 vine
prop
‫ سمع‬sami‘a a (sam‘, ‫ سماع‬samā‘, ‫ سماعة‬samā‘a,
‫ مسمع‬masma‘) to hear (‫ ه‬،‫ ھـ‬s.o., s.th.; ‫ ب‬of
or about s.th.; ‫ ھـ من‬s.th. from s.o.); to
learn, be told (‫ ھـ من‬of or about s.th. from
s.o.); to listen, pay attention (‫ الى‬or ‫ ل‬to
s.th.; ‫ من‬to s.o.), hear s.o. (‫ )من‬out; to learn
by hearsay (‫ ب‬about s.th.); to overhear (‫ب‬
s.th.); to give ear, lend one’s ear (‫ الى‬or ‫ل‬
to s.o., to s.th.) │ ‫( لم يسمع به‬yusma‘)
unheard-of II to make or let (‫ ه‬s.o.) hear (
‫ ھـ‬s.th.), give (‫ ه ھـ‬s.o. s.th.) to hear; to
recite (‫ ھـ‬s.th.); to say (‫ ھـ‬one’s lesson); to
dishonor, discredit (‫ ب‬s.o.) IV to make or
let (‫ ه‬s.o.) hear (‫ ه‬s.th.), give (‫ ه ھـ‬s.o. s.th.)
to hear; to let (‫ ه‬s.o.) know (‫ ھـ‬s.th. or
about s.th.), tell (‫ ه ھـ‬s.o. about s.th.) V to
give ear, listen, lend one’s ear (‫ ل‬،‫ الى‬to
s.o., to s.th.); to eavesdrop, listen
(secretly) VI ‫ تسامع به الناس‬people heard
about him from one another, word about
him got around, he became known among
people VIII to hear, overhear (‫ ھـ‬s.th.); to
listen, listen closely, give ear, lend one’s
ear (‫ الى‬or ‫ ل‬or ‫ ه‬،‫ ھـ‬to s.o. or s.th.); to
eavesdrop; to auscultate (‫ على‬s.o.)
‫ سمع‬sam‘ hearing, sense of hearing,
audition; ears; (pl. ‫ اسماع‬asmā‘) ear │ ‫شاھد‬
‫ السمع‬earwitness; ‫ السمع والطاعة‬as-sam‘u
wa-ṭ-ṭā‘a and ‫ سمعا وطاعة‬sam‘an wa
ṯā‘atan I hear and obey! at your service!
very well! ‫ تحت سمعھم‬in their hearing, for
them to hear; ‫ استرق السمع‬istaraqa s-sam‘a
to eavesdrop; to monitor, intercept; ‫القى‬
‫( بسمعه اليه‬alqā) to listen to s.o.; ‫مد سمعه‬
madda sam‘ahū to prick up one’s ears
‫ سمعي‬sam‘ī auditory, auditive, hearing
(used attributively); acoustic; acoustical;
 traditional │ ‫‘ علم السمعيات‬ilm as-sam‘īyāt
acoustics
‫ سمعة‬sum‘a reputation (specif., good
reputation), credit, standing, name │ ‫حميد‬
‫ )حسن( السمعة‬hamīd (ḥasan) reputable,
respectable; ‫ رديء )سيء( السمعة‬radī’
(sayyi’) ill-reputed, disreputable
‫ سماع‬samā‘ hearing, listening, listening
in; auditioning, audition; hearing,
receiving (e.g., of a verdict); (gram. and
lex.) generally accepted usage
‫ سماعي‬samā‘ī acoustic; acoustical;
audible; (gram. and lex.) sanctioned by
common usage; derived from tradition,
traditional, unwritten (Isl. Law)
‫ سماعيات‬samā‘īyāt acoustics (phys.)
‫ سميع‬samī‘ pl. ‫ سمعاء‬suma‘ā’2 hearing,
listening; hearer, listener; ‫ السميع‬the All-
hearing (one of the 99 attributes of God)
‫ سماعة‬sammā‘a pl. -āt earphone;
earpiece; (telephone) receiver;
stethoscope; ear trumpet; knocker, rapper
(of a door)
‫ مسمع‬masma‘ earshot, hearing distance
│ ‫ على مسمع من‬in the hearing of, within
earshot of; ‫ على مسمع منه‬for him to hear, so
that he could hear it
‫ مسمع‬misma‘ pl. ‫ مسامع‬masāmi‘2 ear; O
stethoscope; (telephone) receiver │ 430
‫ على مسامعھم‬in their hearing, for them to
hear
‫ مسمعة‬misma‘a earpiece; (telephone)
receiver
‫ سامع‬sāmi‘ pl. -ūn hearer, listener
‫ مسموع‬masmū‘ audible, perceptible │
‫ مسموع الكلمة‬m. al-kalima one whose word
carries weight, is paid attention to
‫ مستمع‬mustami‘ pl. -ūn hearer, listener;
pl. ‫ المستمعون‬the audience
1
‫ سمق‬samaqa u (‫ سموق‬sumūq) to be high, tall,
lofty, tower up
‫ سموق‬samūq very high, towering; tall
and lanky
‫ سمن‬samina a (siman, ‫ سمانة‬samāna) to be or
‫ سامق‬sāmiq very high, lofty, towering
2
‫ سماق‬summāq sumac (Rhus; bot.); its highly
acid seeds which, after being dried and
ground, serve, together with thyme, as a
condiment
‫ حجر سماقي‬ḥajar summāqī porphyry
‫ سمك‬II to make thick, thicken (‫ ھـ‬s.th.)
‫ سمك‬samk roof, ceiling
‫ سمك‬sumk thickness
‫ سمك‬samak (coll.; n. un. ‫ )ة‬pl. ‫سماك‬
simāk, ‫ اسماك‬asmāk fish │ ‫ سمك موسى‬s.
mūsā plaice (zool.)
‫ سمكة‬samaka (n. un.) a fish; ‫ السمكة‬the
Fish, Pisces (astron.)
‫ سمكي‬samakī fish-like, fishy, piscine,
fish (adj.)
‫ سماك‬simāk: ‫ السماكان‬as-simākān
Arcturus and Spica Virginis (astron.) │
‫ السماك الرامح‬Arcturus (astron.); ‫السماك‬
‫( األعزل‬a‘zal) Spice Virginis (astron.); ‫حلق‬
‫( الى السماكين‬ḥallaqa) to have high-flown
aspirations
‫ سماك‬sammāk fishmonger; fisherman,
fisher
‫ سميك‬samīk thick
‫ سماكة‬samāka thickness
‫ مسامك‬masāmik2 fish stores, sea-food
stores
‫ سمكرة‬samkara tinsmith’s trade, tinsmithing
‫ سمكري‬samkarī tinsmith, tinner, white-
smith
‫ سمكرية‬samkarīya trade or work of a
tinsmith, tinsmithing
‫ سمل‬samala u (saml) to gouge, scoop
out, tear out (‫‘ عينه‬ainahū s.o.’s eye); --
samala u (‫ سمول‬sumūl, ‫ سمولة‬sumūla) to be
worn, tattered, in rags (garment) IV to be
worn, tattered, in rags (garment) VIII to
gouge, scoop out, tear out (‫‘ عينه‬ainahū
s.o.’s eye)
‫ سمل‬samal pl. ‫ اسمال‬asmāl worn
garment; tatters, rags; last remainder of a
liquid in a vessel │ ‫ شرب الكأس حتى السمل‬to
drain the cup to the dregs
become fat, corpulent, obese, stout,
plump, fleshy, put on weight II and IV to
make fat or plump, fatten (‫ ه‬s.o.)
 ‫ سمن‬samn pl. ‫ سمون‬sumūn clarified
butter, cooking butter
‫ سمن‬siman fatness, plumpness,
fleshiness, stoutness, corpulence; obesity
‫ سمنة‬simna fatness, plumpness,
fleshiness, stoutness, corpulence; obesity
‫ سمون‬summūn (coll.; n. un. ‫ )ة‬pl. ‫سمامن‬
samāmin2 quail (zool.)
‫ سمين‬samīn pl. ‫ سمان‬simān fat;
corpulent, plump, fleshy, stout, obese
‫ سمان‬summān (coll.; n. un. ‫ )ة‬quail
(zool.)
‫ سمان‬sammān butter merchant
‫ سمانة‬samāna: ‫ سمانة الرجل‬s. ar-rijl calf
of the leg
‫ سمانى‬sumānā (coll.; n. un. ‫سماناة‬
sumānāh) pl. ‫ سمانيات‬sumānayāt quail
(zool.)
‫ مسمن‬musamman fat 431
‫( سمنتو‬Sp. cemento) cement
‫ سمنجوني‬samanjūnī and ‫ سمانجوني‬samānjūnī
sky-blue, azure, cerulean
‫ سمندر‬samandar salamander
‫ سمندل‬samandal salamander
‫ سمھوري‬samhūrī tall and husky, extremely tall,
of giant stature (‫ ;)القامة السمھورية‬spear
(originally epithet of a strong, tough
spear)
‫ سمة‬sima see ‫وسم‬
‫ )سما )سمو‬samā u (‫ سمو‬sumūw) to be high,
‫ سمور‬sammūr pl. ‫ سمامير‬samāmīr2 sable
elevated, raised, erect, lofty, tall, eminent,
prominent; to rise high, tower up; to be
above or beyond s.th. or s.o. (‫)عن‬, rise
above, tower above (‫ ;)عن‬to be too proud
(or for); to be too high or difficult (‫ عن‬for
s.o.), be or go beyond the understanding
of s.o. (‫)عن‬, exceed s.o.’s (‫)عن‬
understanding; to rise (‫ الى‬to, ‫ على‬above or
beyond); to be higher (‫ على‬than); to strive
(‫ الى‬for), aspire (‫ الى‬to, after) │ ‫ سما به‬to
lift, raise, elevate, elevate load up, bring
up s.o. or s.th. (‫ الى‬to); to buoy s.o. up,
boost, encourage s.o. III to seek to surpass
or excel (‫ ه‬s.o.): to vie for superiority or
glory (‫ ه‬with s.o.) IV to lift, raise, elevate,
erect, load up, bring up (‫ ه‬،‫ ھـ‬s.o., s.th.) VI
to vie with one another for glory; to be
high, elevated, raised, erect, lofty, tall,
eminent, prominent; to rise high, tower
up; to be above or beyond s.th. or s.o. (
‫)عن‬, rise above, tower above (‫ ;)عن‬to claim
to be higher in rank (‫ على‬than s.o. else),
claim to be above s.o. (‫ ;)على‬to deem o.s.
highly superior
‫ سمو‬sumūw height, altitude;
exaltedness, loftiness, eminence, highness
│ ‫ سمو الدوق‬His Grace the Duke; ‫صاحب‬
‫( السمو الملكى‬malakī) His Royal Highness;
‫ صاحبة السمو الملكي‬Her Royal Highness; ‫سمو‬
‫ األخالق‬nobility of character
‫ سماء‬samā’ m. and f., pl. (‫سموات( سماوات‬
samāwāt heaven, sky; firmament │ ‫سماء‬
‫ السماوات‬the highest heaven
‫ سمائي‬samā’ī heavenly, celestial; sky,
blue, azure, cerulean
‫ سماوي‬samāwī heavenly, celestial; sky,
blue, azure, cerulean; descended from
heaven; open-air, outdoor, (being) under
the open sky; divine, pertaining to God
and religion
‫ سمي‬samīy high, elevated; exalted,
lofty, sublime, august
‫ اسمى‬asmā higher, farther up, above;
more exalted, higher (in rank), more
eminent, loftier, more sublime
‫ سام‬sāmin pl. ‫ سماة‬sumāh high, elevated;
exalted, lofty, eminent, sublime, august │
‫( امر سام‬amr) royal decree; ‫ المندوب السامي‬the
High Commissioner
(Martes zibellina; zool.)
‫ سمى‬II to name, call, designate, denominate (
‫ ه‬،‫ ھـ‬s.o., s.th., ‫ ب‬or ‫ ھـ‬by or with a name),
give a name (‫ ه‬،‫ ھـ‬to s.o., to s.th.); to title,
entitle (‫ ھـ‬or ‫ ھـ ب‬s.th. as or with); to
nominate, appoint (‫ ه ل‬s.o. to s.th.); to
pronounce the name of God by saying ‫بسم‬
‫( ﷲ │ سمى ﷲ عليه‬sammā llāha) or ‫سمى عليه‬
to invoke God over s.th. by saying ‫بسم ﷲ‬
IV to name, call, designate, denominate (
‫ ه‬،‫ ھـ‬s.o., s.th., ‫ ب‬or ‫ ھـ‬by or with a name),
give a name (‫ ه‬،‫ ھـ‬to s.o., to s.th.); to title,
entitle (‫ ھـ‬s.th., ‫ ھـ‬or ‫ ب‬as or with) V to be
called, be named │ ‫ تسمى بزيد‬he was
named Zaid, he called himself Zaid
 ‫ اسم‬ism see 1‫سم‬
‫ سمى‬samīy namesake
‫ تسمية‬tasmiya pl. -āt naming,
appellation, designation, name,
denomination; nomenclature; = ‫بسمل‬
basmala (use of the formula ٤٣٢ (‫بسم ﷲ‬
‫ مسمى‬musamman named, called, by
name of; -- (pl. ‫ مسميات‬musammayāt)
designation, appellation, name; sense,
meaning (of a word) │ ‫الى أجل مسمى‬
(ajalin) for a limited period, ‫الى أجل غير‬
‫ مسمى‬for an indefinite time, sine die, until
further notice
2
‫ سنة‬sana pl. ‫ سنون‬sinūn, ‫ سنوات‬sanawāt year │
‫( سنة محمدية‬muḥammadīya) Mohammedan
year; ‫ سنة كبيسة‬leap year; ‫سنة مسيحية‬
(masīḥīya) year of the Christian era, A.D.;
‫( سنة ھجرية‬hijrīya) year of the Muslim era
(after the hegira), A.H.; ‫سنة ميالدية‬
(mīlādīya) year of the Christian era, A.D.
‫ سنوي‬sanawī annual, yearly; ‫سنويا‬
sanawīyan annually, yearly, in one year,
per year, per annum
‫ مسانھة‬musānahatan annually, yearly
2
‫ سنة‬sina see ‫وسن‬
3
‫ سن‬sanna u (sann) to sharpen, whet, hone,
grind (‫ ھـ‬s.th.); to mold, shape, form (‫ھـ‬
s.th.); to prescribe, introduce, enact,
establish (‫ ھـ‬a law, a custom) │ ‫ سن قانونا‬to
enact, or pass, a law II to sharpen, whet,
hone, grind (‫ ھـ‬s.th.); to indent, jag, notch
(‫ ھـ‬s.th.) IV to grow teeth, cut one’s teeth,
teethe; to grow old, to age; to be advanced
in years VIII to clean and polish one’s
teeth with the ‫ ;سواك‬to take, follow (‫ ھـ‬a
course or way); to prescribe, introduce,
enact, establish (‫ ھـ‬a law, a custom) │ ‫استن‬
‫( سنة محمد‬sunnata m.) to follow the Sunna
of Mohammed
‫ سن‬sann prescription, introduction,
enactment, issuance (of laws)
‫ سن‬sinn f., pl. ‫ اسنان‬asnān, ‫ اسنة‬asinna,
‫ اسن‬asunn tooth (also, e.g., of a comb; of a
saw blade); jag; cog, sprocket, prong; tusk
(of an elephant, of a boar, etc.); fang (of a
snake, etc.); point, tip (of a nail), nib (of a
pen); (pl. ‫ اسنان‬asnān) age (of a person); --
(eg.) coarse flour, seconds │ ‫ سن الرشد‬s.
ar-rušd legal age, majority; ‫ سن الفيل‬s. al-
fīl ivory; ‫ صغير السن‬young; ‫ كبير السن‬old;
‫ طعن في السن‬to be advanced in years, be
aged; ‫( تقدمت به السن‬taqaddamat) to grow
older, to age; to be advanced in years
‫ سنة‬sunna pl. ‫ سنن‬sunan habitual
practice, customary procedure or action,
norm, usage sanctioned by tradition; ‫السنة‬
or ‫ سنة النبي‬s. an-nabīy the Sunna of the
Prophet, i.e., his sayings and doings, later
established as legally binding precedents
(in addition to the Law established by the
Koran) │ ‫ اھل السنة‬ahl as-s. the Sunnites,
the orthodox Muslims; ‫ سنة الطبيعة‬law of
nature
‫ سني‬sunnī Sunnitic; (pl. -ūn) Sunnite,
Sunni
‫ سنن‬sanan customary practice, usage,
habit, rule
‫ سنان‬sinān pl. ‫ اسنة‬asinna spearhead
‫ سنون‬sanūn tooth powder
‫ اسن‬asann2 older, farther advanced in
years
‫ مسن‬misann pl. -āt, ‫ مسان‬masann
whetstone, grindstone; razor strop
‫ مسنون‬masnūn prescribed (as Sunna),
sanctioned by law and custom; sharpened,
whetted, honed; tapered; pointed (e.g.,
mustache, features); stinking, fetid (mire)
‫ مسنن‬musannan toothed, serrated,
dentate, denticulate, indented, jagged;
pointed, sharp; sharp-featured
(countenance)
‫ مسننة‬musannana pl. -āt cogwheel
‫ مسن‬musinn pl. ‫ مسان‬masānn2 old, aged,
advanced in years; of legal age, legally
major
‫ سنا‬see ٤٣٣ ‫سنو‬
‫ سنارة‬sinnāra pl. ‫ سنانير‬sanānīr2 fishing tackle;
fishhook
‫ سنباذج‬sanbādaj grindstone, whetstone; emery
‫ سنبوق‬sunbūq pl. ‫ سنابيق‬sanābiq2 barge, skiff,
boat
1
‫ سنبك‬sunbuk pl. ‫ سنابك‬sanābik2 toe of the hoof;
hoof; awl, punch, borer
2
‫ سنبك‬sunbuk pl. ‫ سنابك‬sanābik and ‫سنبوك‬
sunbūk pl. ‫ سنابيك‬sanābīk2 barge, skiff,
boat
1
‫ سند‬sanada u (‫ سنود‬sunūd) to support o.s., prop
‫ سنبل‬sunbul (coll.; n. un. ‫ )ة‬pl. -āt, ‫سنابل‬
sanābil2 ear, spike (of grain); ‫ السنبلة‬Virgo
(astron.) │ ‫( السنبل الرومي‬rūmī) Celtic
spikenard (Nardus celtica; bot.); ‫السنبل‬
‫( الھندي‬hindī) Indian spikenard
(Nardotachys jatamansi; bot.)
‫ سنبلي‬sunbulī spiciform, spicat, shaped
like a spike or ear (bot.)
‫ سنبوسك‬sanbūsik, sanbūsak (syr., ir.) triangular
meat pie with a wavy bread crust
‫ سنت‬cent
‫ سنتمتر‬satimitr pl. -āt centimeter
1
‫ سنجة‬sanja pl. ‫ سنج‬sinaj, ‫ سنج‬sanajāt weight
(placed as a counterpoise on the scales of
a balance)
2
‫ سنجة‬singa (from Turk. süngü) pl. ‫ سنج‬sinag
bayonet (eg.)
3
‫ سناج‬sināj soot, smut
‫ سنجاب‬sinjāb gray squirrel; fur of the gray
squirrel
‫ سنجابي‬sinjābī ash-colored, ashen, gray
‫ سنجق‬sanjaq pl. ‫ سناجق‬sanājiq2 standard, flag,
banner; sanjak, administrative district and
subdivision of a vilayet (in the Ottoman
Empire)
‫ سنح‬sanaḥa a (sunḥ, sunūḥ, ‫ سنوح‬sunūḥ) to
occur (‫ ل‬to s.o.), come to s.o,’s mind (‫ل‬,
idea, thought); to present itself, offer itself
(‫ ل‬to s.o., esp. an opportunity); to afford (
‫ ب ل‬s.o s.th.); -- to dissuade (‫ عن ه‬s.o. from
his opinion), argue or reason (‫ عن ه‬s.o. out
of his opinion)
‫ سانح‬sāniḥ pl. ‫ سوانح‬sawāniḥ2 turning its
right side toward the viewer (game or
bird); auspicious, propitious; favorable,
good (opportunity); pl. ‫ سوانح‬auspices,
good omens, auspicious signs; ideas,
thoughts
‫ سانحة‬sāniḥa opportunity
‫ سنخ‬sink pl. ‫ اسناخ‬asnāk, ‫ سنوخ‬sunūk root,
origin; alveolus, gingival margin of a
tooth (anat.)
‫ سنخ‬sanak rankness (of oil). fustiness
‫ سنخ‬sanik rank, rancid (oil), fusty
‫ سناخة‬sanāka rankness (of oil), fustiness
o.s. rest (‫ الى‬on, upon), lean, recline (‫الى‬
upon, against) II to support, stay, prop,
lean (‫ ھـ‬s.th.) III to support, back, assist,
help, aid (‫ ه‬s.o.) IV to make (‫ ه‬s.o.) rest (
‫ الى‬on); to make (‫ ه‬s.o.) lean or recline (‫الى‬
against, on); to lean (‫ الى ھـ‬s.th. against); to
rest, support, prop (‫ الى ھـ‬s.th. on); to base,
found (‫ الى ھـ‬s.th. on); (science of Islamic
traditions:) to base a tradition (‫ )ھـ‬on s.o. (
‫ )الى‬as its first authority, i.e., to trace back
the ascription of a tradition. in ascending
order of the traditionaries, to its first
authority so as to corroborate its
credibility; (gram.) to lean a term (‫)ھـ‬
upon another (‫ )الى‬being the subject of the
sentence, i.e., to predicate it, make it its
predicate; to entrust (‫ ل‬or ‫ الى ھـ‬s.th. to
s.o.). vest (‫ ل‬or ‫ الى ھـ‬s.th. in s.o.); to
attribute, ascribe (‫ ھـ ل‬or ‫ الى‬to s.o. s.th.);
to incriminate, charge (‫ ھـ الى‬s.o. with); to
lean (‫ الى‬against, to, on), rest (‫ الى‬on); to be
based, he founded (‫ الى‬on) │ ‫اسند التھمة الى‬
(tuhma) to direct one’s suspicion on 434
or toward ...; ‫( اسند التھمة الى‬usnidat)
suspicion fell on ... VI to support one
another, give mutual support; to support
o.s. lean, rest; to trust, rely VIII to lean,
recline, be recumbent (‫ الى‬،‫ على‬against,
on); to rest one’s arms, one’s weight (،‫على‬
‫ الى‬on), support one’s weight (‫ الى‬،‫ على‬by);
to be based, be founded (‫ الى‬،‫ على‬on); to
rely (‫ الى‬،‫ على‬on), trust, have confidence (
‫ الى‬،‫ على‬in); to use as (documentary) basis
(‫على‬, s.th.), rest one’s case on (‫على( سند‬
sanad pl. -āt, ‫ اسناد‬asnād support, prop,
stay, rest, back; backing; (pl. ‫)اسناد‬
ascription (of an Islamic tradition), the
(uninterrupted) chain of authorities on
which a tradition is based │ ‫سندات خشبية‬
(kašabīya) wooden struts, wood bracing;
-- (pl. -āt) document, deed, paper, legal
instrument; voucher, record; commercial,
or negotiable, paper, security, bond;
debenture, promissory note, note of hand,
debenture bond │ ‫ سند شحن البضائع‬s. saḥn
al-b. bill of lading; ‫ رجال السند‬informants,
authorities, sources
‫ سندان‬sandān, sindān pl. ‫ سنادين‬sanādīn2
anvil
 ‫ مسند‬musnad, masnad pl. ‫ مساند‬masānid2
support, prop, stay; rest, back (of an
armchair); cushion, pillow
‫ اسناد‬isnād pl. ‫ اسانيد‬asānīd2 ascription
(of an Islamic tradition), the
(uninterrupted) chain of authorities on
which a tradition is based; ‫اسانيد‬
(documentary) proof, vouchers, records,
documents
‫ استناد‬istinād leaning (‫ الى‬against or
upon); dependence (‫ الى‬on) │ ‫استنادا الى‬
based on, on the basis of, on the strength
of
‫ مسند‬musnad pl. ‫ مساند‬masānid2 (science
of Islamic traditions:) a tradition the
ascription of which is traceable, in
(uninterrupted) ascending order of the
traditionaries, to its first authority; mesh;
‫ المسند‬predicate (gram.); ‫ المسند اليه‬subject
(gram.)
‫ مستند‬mustanid relying, in reliance (،‫الى‬
‫ على‬on), trusting (‫ على‬،‫ الى‬to)
‫ مستند‬mustanad reason, cause; motive;
-- (pl. -āt) document, paper, deed, legal
instrument; voucher, record; receipt; pl.
(documentary) proof, records, data; legal
evidence (jur.) │ ‫ دار المستندات‬archives,
office of public records; ‫ مستندات الشحن‬m.
aš-šaḥn bills of lading
2
‫ السند‬as-sind region extending along the lower
course and delta of the Indus river; the
province of Sind, of West Pakistan, with
the capital city Karachi; the inhabitants of
this region
‫ سندروس‬sandarūs sandarac (a resin obtained
from the sandarac tree, Callitris
quadrivalvis)
‫ سندس‬sundus silk brocade, sarcenet
‫ سندسي‬sundusī (made) of silk brocade or
sarcenet
‫( سندال = سندان‬see above)
‫ سنديان‬sindiyān (coll.; n. un. ‫ )ة‬evergreen oak,
holm oak (Quercus ilex; bot.)
‫ سندياني‬sindiyānī oaken; like oak. oaky
‫( سنديك‬Fr. syndic) sandīk syndic, agent of a
corporation
1
‫ سنور‬sinnaur, pl. ‫ سنانير‬sanānīr2 cat
2
‫ سنارة‬sinnāra pl. ‫ سنانير‬sanānīr2 fishing tackle,
fishhook
‫ السنسكريتية‬as-sanskrītīya Sanskrit
1
‫ سنط‬sanṭ a variety of sant tree (Acacia
nilotica; bot.)
2
‫سنطة‬sanṭa (eg.) wart
‫ سنطور‬sanṭūr dulcimer (= ‫)سنطير‬
‫ سنطير‬sinṭīr, sanṭīr psalter; dulcimer
‫ سنغافومرة‬singāfūra Singapore
‫ سنغال‬sinigāl
‫ سنف‬sinf (coll.; n. un. m) pod, capsule, hull
(bot.)
‫ سنفرة‬sanfara emery
‫ سنكرى‬sankarī pl. ‫ سناكرة‬sanākira tinsmith,
tinsman, tinner, whitesmith
‫ سنكسار‬sinaksār synaxarion, martyrologium
(Chr.)
‫( سنكة‬Turk. süngü) sənge bayonet (syr.)
‫ سنكونا‬sinkūnā cinchona (bot.)
‫ سنم‬V to ascend, mount, scale (‫ ھـ‬s.th.) │ ‫تسنم‬
‫( ذروة المعالي‬darwat l-ma‘ālī) to attain to
greatest honors
‫ سنمة‬sanama height, summit, peak
‫ سنام‬sanām pl. ‫ اسنمة‬asnima hump (of
the camel)
‫ ماء التسنيم‬mā’ at-tasnīm the beverage of
the blessed in Paradise
‫ تسنم‬tasannum accession to the throne
‫ مسنم‬musannam convex, vaulted, arched
1
‫ سنمار‬sinimmār2: ‫ جزاه جزاء سنمار‬jazāhu jazā’ s.
he repaid him as they had repaid S., i.e.,
he requited evil with good
2
‫ سنمورة‬sanamūra anchovy; salted and smoked
fish
1
‫ سنه‬V to become stale, spoil (food)
2
‫ مسانھة‬musānahatan annually, yearly
1
‫ سنا‬sanā, ‫ سنا مكى‬s. makkī, ‫ سنا مكة‬s. maka (bot.)
senna (tree), senna leaflets (pharm.)
2
‫ )سنو‬and ‫ سني( سنا‬sanā u (‫ سناء‬sanā’) to gleam,
shine, glisten, be resplendent, radiate; to
flash (lightning) II to facilitate, ease, make
easy (‫ ھـ‬s.th.) V to be easy, be possible, be
 feasible (‫ ل‬for or to s.o.), be rendered
possible or feasible (‫ ل‬for s.o.), be put in
s.o.’s (‫ )ل‬power; to rise, be elevated, be
exalted
‫ سنى‬and ‫ سنا‬sanan brilliance,
resplendence, splendor, flare, flash,
sparkle
‫ سناء‬sanā’ brilliance, resplendence,
splendor, radiance, flash, flare (of
lightning); exaltedness, sublimity,
majesty, high rank
‫ سني‬sanīy high, sublime, exalted,
splendid more shining, more radiant, more
brilliant
‫ سانية‬sāniya pl. ‫ سوان‬sawānin water
scoop
‫ مسناة‬musannāh pl. ‫ مسنيات‬musannayāt
jetty, dam
‫( سنودس‬Gr. σύνοδος) sinōdos synod
‫ سنونو‬sanūnū swallow (zool.)
‫ سنوي‬sanawī annual, yearly; ‫ سنويا‬sanawīyan
annually. yearly, per year, per annum
‫ سھب‬IV to speak at great length, talk in detail (
‫ عن‬about, of), enlarge, elaborate,
expatiate, dilate (‫ عن‬on)
‫ سھب‬suhb pl. ‫ سھوب‬suhūb level country;
steppe region
‫ اسھاب‬ishāb elaboration, elaborateness,
expatiation, long-windedness, prolixity │
‫ باسھاب‬elaborately, in detail, at length,
lengthily
‫ مسھب‬mushib, mushab prolix, long-
winded, lengthy, detailed, elaborate
‫ سھد‬sahida a (sahad) to be sleepless, find no
sleep n to make sleepless, keep awake,
deprive of sleep (‫ ه‬s.o.) V = I
‫ سھد‬suhd sleeplessness, insomnia
‫ سھد‬suhud insomniac
‫ سھاد‬suhād sleeplessness, insomnia
‫ ساھد‬sāhid sleepless, awake 436
‫ سھر‬sahara a (sahar) to be sleepless, find no
sleep, pass the night awake (also with
‫ ;)الليل‬to stay up at night, spend the night (
‫ على‬in or with some activity); to watch (
‫ على‬over), guard (‫ على‬s.o.’s interests, etc.),
look after (‫)على‬, attend to (‫ على‬s.o.’s
interests, etc.) │ ‫ سھر في حفلة‬to attend a
gathering in the evening or at night IV to
make sleepless, keep awake (‫ ه‬s.o.)
‫ سھر‬sahar sleeplessness, insomnia;
wakefulness, vigil; watchfulness,
vigilance (‫ على‬over) │ ‫ طال عنده سھري‬I
spent a long evening with him
‫ سھرة‬sahra pl. saharāt evening; evening
party, evening gathering, evening show or
performance, soiree │ ‫( سھرة ليلية‬lailīya)
do.; ‫ ثياب )لباس( السھرة‬evening dress, formal
dress
‫ سھران‬sahrān sleepless, awake,
wakeful; watchful, vigilant
‫ سھار‬suhār sleeplessness, insomnia;
wakefulness, vigil
‫ سھار‬sahhār one who is habitually up
and abroad at night, a nighthawk
O ‫ اسھر‬ashar spermatic duct (anat.)
‫ مسھر‬mashar pl. ‫ مساھر‬masāhir2
nightclub
‫ ساھر‬sāhir sleepless, awake, wakeful;
watchful, vigilant; evening, night,
nocturnal, nightly, taking place by night │
‫( حفلة ساھرة‬ḥafla) evening party, evening
gathering, evening show or performance,
soirée
‫ سھف‬sahifa a (sahaf) to be very thirsty
‫ سھف‬suhāf violent thirst
‫ سھل‬sahula u (‫ سھولة‬suhūla) to be smooth,
level, even (ground); to be or become
easy, facile, convenient (‫ على‬for) │ ‫ال يسھل‬
‫ ان‬hardly ... II to smooth, level, even (‫ھـ‬
the ground); to facilitate, make easy, ease
(‫ ھـ ل‬or ‫ على‬for s.o. s.th.); to provide,
furnish, supply (‫ ھـ ل‬or ‫ على‬s.o. with
facilities); (gram.) to read without hamzah
(‫ ھـ‬a word) ill to be indulgent, mild,
forbearing, obliging (‫ ه‬toward s.o.), show (
‫ ه‬s.o.) one’s good will │ ‫ساھل نفسه‬
(nafsahū) to take liberties IV to purge
(med.); to relieve (‫ ھـ‬the constipated
bowels, said of a medicine); pass. ushila
to be relieved (said of constipated
bowels), have a bowel movement, have
diarrhea V to be or become easy (‫ ل‬for) VI
to be indulgent, mild, forbearing, obliging,
tolerant (‫ مع‬toward s.o., also ‫ ;)ل‬to be
 negligent, careless (‫ ل‬in s.th.) X to deem
easy, think to be easy (‫ ھـ‬s.th.)
‫ سھل‬sahl and sāhil smooth, level, even,
soft (ground); easy, facile, convenient (‫على‬
for s.o.); simple, plain; fluent, flowing,
facile (style); -- (pl. ‫ سھول‬suhūl) level, soft
ground; plain │ ‫ سھل االستعمال‬handy, easy
to handle or to use, convenient for use;
‫ سھل الھضم‬s. al-haḍm easily digestible,
light; ‫‘( عملة سھل‬umla) soft currency; ‫كان‬
‫ من السھل عليه‬to be easy for s.o., come easy
to s.o.; ‫ اھال وسھال‬see ‫اھل‬
O ‫ سھلة‬sahla (proof) planer (typ.)
‫ سھيل‬suhail Canopus (astron.)
‫ سھل‬sahūl purgative, laxative, aperient
(adj. and n.)
‫ سھولة‬suhūla easiness, ease, facility,
convenience │ ‫ بسھولة‬easily, conveniently
‫ اسھل‬ashal smoother, evener, leveler;
easier; more convenient
‫ تسھيل‬tashīl pl. -āt facilitation
‫ اسھال‬ishāl diarrhea
‫ تساھل‬tasāhul indulgence, mildness,
leniency, forbearance, tolerance;
carelessness, negligence
‫ مسھل‬musahhil purgative, laxative,
aperient; (pl. -āt) a purgative, a laxative
437
‫ مسھل‬mushal suffering from diarrhea
‫ متساھل‬mutasāhil indulgent, mild,
lenient, forbearing, tolerant
‫ مستسھل‬mustashal easy, facile
‫ سھم‬sahama u (‫ سھوم‬suhūm) to look grave, have
a grave expression III to cast, or draw, lots
(‫ ه‬with s.o.); to participate, take part (‫في‬
in), partake (‫ في‬of s.th.), share (‫ في‬s.th.) IV
to give a share (‫ في ل‬to s.o. in), make s.o. (
‫ )ل‬share s.th. (‫)في‬
‫ سھم‬sahm pl. ‫ سھام‬sihām, ‫ اسھم‬ashum,
‫ سھوم‬suhūm arrow; dart; -- (pl. ‫ اسھم‬ashum)
portion, share, lot; share (of stock);
sahme, a square measure of 7.293 m2 (Eg.)
│ ‫ سھم ناري‬rocket; ‫ اسھم التأسيس‬founders'
shares, original shares; ‫ اسھم القرض‬a. al-
qarḍ bonds, government bonds; ‫حملة األسھم‬
ḥ al-a. shareholders, stockholders; ‫نفذ السھم‬
the die is cast; ‫ضرب بسھم مصيب في‬
(muṣībin) to take an active part in,
participate actively in ...; ‫ضرب بسھم ونصيب‬
‫( في‬wa-naṣībin) do.
‫ سھوم‬suhūm graveness; sadness,
mourning
‫ اسھمي‬ashumī share-, stock- (in
compounds)
‫ مساھمة‬musāhama participation, taking
part (‫ في‬in), sharing (‫ في‬of) │ ‫شركة المساھمة‬
širkat al-m. joint-stock company,
corporation
‫ ساھم‬sāhim with earnest mien,
gravefaced
‫ مسمھم‬musāhim shareholder,
stockholder
‫ )سھا )سھو‬sahā u (sahw, suhūw) to be
inattentive, absent-minded, distracted; to
neglect, omit, forget, overlook (‫ عن‬s.th.) │
‫ سھى عليه‬suhiya ‘alaihi to be lost in
thought
‫ سھو‬sahw inattentiveness, inattention,
inadvertence, absent-mindedness
distractedness; negligence, neglectfulness,
forgetfulness │ ‫ سھوا‬sahwan inattentively,
distractedly, absent-mindedly, heedlessly,
negligently; inadvertently, by mistake
‫ سھوة‬sahwa a kind of alcove
‫ سھوان‬sahwān2 inattentive, heedless,
distracted, absent-minded, forgetful
‫ ساه‬sāhin inattentive, absent-minded,
negligent, forgetful │ ‫ ساھيا الھيا‬sāhiyan
lāhiyan amusing o.s. in a carefree manner,
completely at ease 2‫ )ساء )سوء‬sā’a u (‫سوء‬
sau’) to be or become bad, evil, foul,
wicked; to become worse, deteriorate
(condition); to grieve, sadden, afflict, hurt,
vex, torment, trouble, offend, pain, make
sorry, displease (‫ ه‬s.o.) │ ‫ساء سبيال‬
(sabīlan) what an evil way (= what an evil
practice) this is! ‫( ساء به ظنا‬ẓannan) to
think badly of s.o., have a poor opinion of
s.o.; ‫( ساء طالعه‬ṭāli‘uhū) he was under an
evil star, was ill-starred, he was unlucky
or unfortunate; ‫ يسوءني‬yasū’unī I am sorry
II to do badly, spoil, harm (‫ ھـ‬s.th.); to
blame, censure (‫ ھـ على‬s.o. for s.th.); to
disapprove (‫ ھـ‬of s.th. ‫ على‬in s.o.), dislike (
‫ على ھـ‬s.th. in s.o.) IV to do badly, spoil,
harm (‫ ھـ‬s.th.); to deal badly (‫ الى‬with s.o.),
act meanly or evilly (‫ الى‬toward s.o.); to do
evil (‫ الى‬to s.o.), wrong (‫ الى‬s.o.); to harm (‫ا‬
‫ لى‬s.o.), do harm (‫ الى‬to); to hurt, offend,
insult (‫ الى‬s.o.); to inflict pain (‫ الى‬on s.o.)
│ ‫( اساء التصرف‬taṣarrufa) to misbehave,
comport o.s. badly; ‫ اساء التصرف في‬to go
about ... in an evil manner; ‫اساء الظن به‬
(ẓanna) to think badly of s.o., have a poor
opinion of s.o.; ‫ اساء التعبير‬to choose a poor
expression, express o.s. poorly; ‫اساء استعماله‬
to misuse, abuse s.th.; ‫اساء معاملته‬
(mu‘āmalatahū) to mistreat s.o., treat s.o.
badly; ‫( اساء الفھم‬fahma) to misunderstand
VIII to go through rugged times, fall on
evil days; to be unpleasantly affected; to
be offended, 438 hurt, annoyed, indignant,
upset, angered, displeased (‫ من‬about, at,
by); to be dissatisfied, discontent (‫من‬
with); to take amiss (‫ من‬s.th.)
‫ سوء‬sū’ pl. ‫ اسواء‬aswā’ evil, ill; iniquity,
injury, offense; calamity, misfortune │
‫ سوء البخت‬s. al-bakt misfortune, bed luck;
‫ سوء الحظ‬s. al-ḥaẓẓ do.; ‫لسوء الحظ‬
unfortunately; ‫ سوء الخلق‬s. al-kuluq ill
nature, ill-temperedness; ‫ سوء الحال‬bad
conditions; ‫ سوء الحالة‬bad situation,
predicament; ‫ سوء االدارة‬s. al-idāra mal-
administration, mismanagement; ‫سوء‬
‫ السلوك‬bed behavior, misbehavior,
misconduct; ‫ سوء الظن‬s. aẓ-ẓann poor
opinion; ‫ سوء العالقات‬bad relations; ‫سوء‬
‫ المعاملة‬s. al-mu‘āmala mistreatment; ‫سوء‬
‫ االستعمال‬abuse, misuse; ‫ سوء الفھم‬s. al-fahm
misunderstanding; ‫ سوء التفاھم‬s. at-tafāhum
mutual misunderstanding, disharmony,
discord; ‫ سوء القصد‬s. al-qaṣd evil intent;
‫ سوء النية‬s. an-nīya do.; ‫ سوء الھضم‬s. al-
haḍm indigestion
‫ سوءة‬،‫ سوأة‬sau’a pl. -āt shame, disgrace;
disgraceful act, atrocity; private part,
pudendum; pudenda │ ‫( سوءة لك‬sau’atan)
shame on you!
‫ سيء‬،‫ سيئ‬sayyi’ bad, evil, ill, foul │
‫ سيء الحظ‬s. al-ḥaẓẓ unfortunate; unlucky
person; ‫ سيء الخلق‬s. al-kuluq ill-natured;
‫ سيء التربية‬s. at-tarbiya bad-mannered,
badly brought up; ‫ سيء السمعة‬s. as-sum‘a
ill-reputed, disreputable; ‫ سيء الطبع‬s. aṭ-
ṭab‘ ill-natured, ill-tempered; ‫سيء الطالع‬
unlucky, unfortunate; unlucky person; ‫من‬
‫( سيء الى اسوأ‬aswa’a) from bed to worse
‫ سيئة‬sayyi’a pl. -āt sin, offense,
misdeed; bed side, disadvantage (of s.th.)
‫ مساءة‬masā’a pl. ‫ مساوئ‬masāwi’ 2 evil
deed, vile action; pl. disadvantages, bad
sides, drawbacks, shortcomings
‫ اساءة‬isā’a misdeed; offense, affront,
insult; sin, offeence │ ‫ اساءة الظن‬i. ẓann
poor opinion (‫ ب‬of); ‫ اساءة المعاملة‬i. al-
mu’āmala mistreatment, etc., see IV
above
‫ استياء‬istiyā’ dissatisfaction, discontent,
indignation, displeasure, annoyance,
vexation
‫ مسيء‬musī’ displeasing, unpleasant,
offensive; harmful, disadvantageous,
pernicious; insulting
‫ مستاء‬mustā’ offended, displeased,
annoyed, vexed, indignant (‫ من‬about, at,
by); dissatisfied, discontent (‫ من‬with)
2
‫ سواء‬see ‫سوى‬
‫ سوارى‬sawārī horseman, cavalryman, sowar;
horsemen, cavalry
‫( سوتيان‬Fr. soutien) sūtiyān pl. -āt brassiere
‫( سوتيه‬Fr. sauté) sōtēh sautéed
1
‫ ساج‬look up alphabetically
2
‫ اسوجة‬see ‫سياج‬
(‫ سوح( ساح‬sāḥa u to travel, rove, roam about
‫ ساحة‬sāḥa pl. -āt, ‫ ساح‬courtyard, open
square; (open) space; arena; field (fig.) │
‫ ساحة الحرب‬s. al-ḥarb theater of war; ‫ساحات‬
‫ المحاكم‬courts, tribunals; ‫ ساحة القتال‬battle
field, war zone; ‫ ساحة القضاء‬s. al-qaḍā’
tribunal, forum; ‫ ساحة األلعاب‬athletic field,
sports field; ‫ برأ ساحته‬barra’a sāḥatahū to
acquit s.o.
‫ سواح‬sawwāḥ pl. -ūn, traveler, tourist
‫ سائح‬sā’iḥ pl. -ūn, ‫ سياح‬suyyāḥ, ‫سواح‬
suwwāḥ traveler, tourist; itinerant dervish;
anchorite (Chr.)
‫ )ساخ )سوخ‬sāka u (‫ سوخ‬sauk) to be or become
doughy, soft, slippery (esp. ground), yield
like mud; to sink (‫ في األرض‬in the ground,
of the foot) │ ‫( ساخت روحه‬rūḥuhū) to
become faint, swoon 439
1
‫ سود‬II to make black, blacken (‫ ھـ‬s.th.); to
draft (‫ ھـ‬a letter, etc.), make a rough draft (
 ‫ ھـ‬of s.th.); to cover with writing (‫ھـ‬
sheets), scribble (‫ ھـ‬on sheets) │ ‫سود وجھه‬
(wajhahū) to expose s.o., show s.o. up,
make a fool of s.o., bring s.o. into
disrepute, discredit, disgrace, dishonor s.o.
IX to be or become black
‫ سواد‬sawād black color, black,
blackness; (pl. ‫ اسودة‬aswida) black
clothing, mourning; arable land, tilth;
shape, form; inner part, core; majority;
multitude │ ‫ السواد‬or ‫ سواد العراق‬the rural
areas of Iraq; ‫ السواد األعظم‬the great mass,
the great majority, the largest part; ‫سواد‬
‫ الناس‬the common people, the masses; ‫سواد‬
‫ العين‬s. al-‘ain eyeball; ‫ سواد المدينة‬suburb,
outskirts of the city; ‫ سواد الليل‬s. al-lail the
long, dark night
‫ اسود‬aswad2, f. ‫ سوداء‬saudā’2, pl. ‫ سود‬sūd
black; dark-colored; -- ‫ اسود‬aswad2 pl.
‫ سودان‬sūdān a black, Negro │ (‫بالد( السودان‬
the Sudan; ‫ شتائم سوداء‬severest reproaches;
‫ اسود فاحم‬coal-black, jet-black
‫ سود‬saudā’2 black bile (one of the four
humors of ancient medicine); melancholy,
sadness, gloom
‫ سويداء‬suwaidā’2 black bile (one of the
four humors of ancient medicine);
melancholy, sadness, gloom; ‫السويداء‬
Suweida (capital of the Jebel ed Druz) │
‫ سويداء القلب‬s. al-qalb the deepest folds of
the heart, the inmost
‫ سوداوي‬saudāwī melancholic,
depressed, dejected
4
(‫( بالد( السودان‬bilād) as-sūdān the Sudan
‫ سودن‬saudana to Sudanize (Eg.)
‫ سوداني‬sūdānī Sudanese; (pl. -ūn) a
Sudanese
1
‫ تسويد‬taswīd rough draft
‫ مسودة‬musawwada, muswadda draft,
rough copy, rough sketch, notes; day-book
│ ‫ مسودة الطبع‬m. aṭ-ṭab‘ proof sheet, galley
proof
2 ‫ سور‬sūr pl. ‫ اسوار‬aswār wall; enclosure,
‫ )ساد )سود‬sāda u (‫ سيادة‬siyāda, ‫ سؤدد‬su’dud,
su’dad) to be or become master, head,
chief, chieftain, sovereign, lord, overlord (
‫ ه‬،‫ ھـ‬of or over people, of or over s.th.),
rule, govern (‫ھـ‬, s.o., s.th.), reign (‫ ه‬،‫ھـ‬
over); to prevail (e.g., view), reign (e.g.,
calm); to be predominant, predominate,
have the upperhand (‫ على‬over) II to make (
‫ ه‬s.o.) master, head, chief, chieftain,
sovereign, lord, overlord
‫ سيد‬sayyid pl. ‫ اسياد‬asyād, ‫ سادة‬sāda,
‫ سادات‬sādāt master; gentleman; Mister;
Sir; lord, overlord; chief, chieftain; title of
Mohammed’s direct descendants │ ‫سيدي‬
(sayyidī, colloq. sīdī) honorific before the
names of Muslim Saints (esp. magr.); ‫السيد‬
‫ فالن‬Mr. So-and-So; ‫( سيدي فالن‬magr.) do.;
‫ سيد البحار األعظم‬Supreme Commander of
the Navy (Eg. 1939)
‫ سيدة‬sayyida pl. -āt mistress; lady; Mrs.
│ ‫‘( السيدة عقيلته‬aqīlatuhū) his wife; ‫السيدة‬
‫ فالنة‬Mrs. So-and-So
‫ سيادة‬siyāda command, mastery;
domination, rule, dominion; supremacy;
sovereignty; title and form of address of
bishops (Chr.); siyādāt ... (with foll.
genit.) nowadays, in Egypt, general title of
respect preceding the name, ‫ = سيادتكم‬you,
a respectful address introduced after the
abolition of titles of rank and social class
in Egypt │ ‫ سيادة المطران‬s. al-muṭrān His
Eminence the Metropolitan; ‫سيادة الرئيس‬
approx.: His Excellency the President
(Eg.); ‫( دولة ذات سيادة‬daula) sovereign state
‫ سؤدد‬su’dud, su’dad dominion,
domination, rule, reign, power,
sovereignty
‫ سائد‬sā’id prevailing (opinion, feeling,
mood, calm, etc.)
3
‫ سويدي‬،‫ السويد‬look up alphabetically 440
‫ سادة‬look up alphabetically and under 2 ‫سود‬
‫ سودنة‬saudana Sudanization (Eg.)
‫ سور‬II to enclose, fence in, wall in, surround
with a railing or wall (‫ ھـ‬s.th.) III to leap (‫ه‬
at s.o.), beset, assail, attack, assault (‫ه‬
s.o.); to befall, overcome, grip (‫ ه‬s.o.,
emotion) V to scale (‫ ھـ‬a wall, a cliff, etc.)
fence, railing
‫ سورة‬sūra pl. ‫ سور‬suwar chapter of the
Koran, sura
‫ سورة‬saura vehemence, force, violence;
severity (of cold)
2
‫ سوار‬siwār, suwār pl. ‫ سور‬sūr, ‫ اسورة‬aswira,
‫ اساور‬asāwir2, ‫ اساورة‬asāwira bracelet,
armlet, bangle; armband; cuff, wristband
3
‫سواري‬look up alphabetically
4
‫ اسوار‬look up alphabetically
5 used for stirring
‫ سوري‬sūrī Syrian; (pl. -ūn) a Syrian
6 ‫ ساعة‬sā‘a pl. -āt, ‫ ساع‬sā‘ (short) time,
‫ سوريا‬sūriyā Syria │ ‫( سوريا الجنوبية‬janūbīya)
Palestine; ‫( سوريا الصغرى‬ṣugrā) do.; ‫سوريا‬
‫( الكبرى‬kubrā) (Greater) Syria
7
‫ سورية‬sūrīya2 = ‫سوريا‬
(1‫ ساس )سوس‬sāsa u (‫ سياسة‬siyāsa) to dominate,
govern, rule (‫ ه‬s.o.): to lead, guide,
conduct, direct (‫ ه‬،‫ ھـ‬s.o., s.th.); to
administer, manage, regulate (‫ ھـ‬s.th.); --
sawisa yaswasu to be or become worm-
eaten; to become carious (tooth); to rot,
decay (bones) II and V = sawisa
‫ سوس‬sūs (coll.: n. un. ‫ )ة‬pl. ‫ سيسان‬sīsān
woodworm, borer; mothworm
‫ سوس‬sūs licorice (Glycyrrhiza glabra;
bot.) │ ‫‘ عرق سوس‬irq s. licorice root; ‫رب‬
‫ سوس‬rubb as-s. licorice rob, thickened
licorice juice
‫ سياسة‬siyāsa pl. -āt administration,
management: p;olicy; ‫ سياسة‬siyāsatan for
reasons of expediency (Isl. Law) │ ‫السياسة‬
‫( الدولية‬duwalīya) diplomacy; ‫السياسة العملية‬
(‘amalīya) practical policy, Real-politik;
O ‫ سياسة التوسع‬s. at-tawassu‘ policy of
expansion
‫ سياسي‬siyāsī political; diplomatic; -- (pl.
-ūn, ‫ ساسة‬sāsa) politician; diplomat,
statesman │ ‫ الدوائر السياسية‬political circles;
‫( السلك السياسي‬silk) diplomatic corps; ‫علم‬
‫‘( االقتصاد السياسي‬ilm al-iqtiṣād) political
science, political economy
‫ تسوس‬tasawwus (dental) caries
‫ سائس‬sā’is pl. ‫ ساسة‬sāsa, ‫ سواس‬suwwās,
‫ سياس‬suyyās stableman, groom; driver
(primarily of animals); manager, leader
2
‫ السويس‬as-suwēs Suez (seaport in NE Egypt)
│ ‫ قنال السويس‬qanāl as-s. Suez Canal
3
‫سواسية‬see ‫سوى‬
‫ سوسته‬susta zipper (eg.)
‫ سوسن‬sausan, sūsan lily of the valley (bot.)
‫ )ساط )سوط‬sāṭa u (sauṭ) to whip, flog, lash,
scourge (‫ ه‬s.o.)
‫ سوط‬sauṭ pl. ‫ اسواط‬aswāṭ, ‫ سياط‬siyāṭ
whip, lash, scourge
‫ مسوط‬miswaṭ stick or similar implement
while; hour; timepiece, clock, watch;
‫ الساعة‬the Hour of Resurrection; as-sā‘ata
now, at present, by this time, at this
moment, in this instant; at once, instantly,
immediately, just │ ‫( بين ساعة واخرى‬wa-
ukrā) from hour to hour; ‫ حتى الساعة‬until
now; ‫ من الساعة‬from now on, henceforth;
‫ من ساعته‬immediately, presently, instantly,
at once; ‫ منذ الساعة‬from now on,
henceforth; ‫ مات لساعته‬he died instantly;
‫ ساعة الجيب‬s. al-jaib pocket watch; ‫ساعة‬
٤٤١ ‫( رملية‬ramlīya) hourglass; ‫ساعة شمسية‬
(šamsīya) sundial; ‫ ابن ساعته‬ibn sā‘atihī
transitory, ephemeral
‫ ساعتئذ‬sā‘ata’idin in that hour
‫ ساعاتي‬sā‘ātī pl. -ya watchmaker
‫ سويعة‬suwai‘a pl. -āt little hour, little
while
‫ )ساغ )سوغ‬sāga u (saug, ‫ مساغ‬masāg) to
be easy to swallow, go down pleasantly
(drink, food); to be permissible, be
permitted, allowed (‫ ل‬to s.o.); to swallow (
‫ ھـ‬s.th.); to permit, allow, accept, tolerate (
‫ ھـ‬s.th.), put up (‫ ھـ‬with s.th.), swallow,
stomach s.th. (‫ھـ‬, fig.) II to make
permissible, permit, allow (‫ ھـ ل‬to s.o.
s.th.), admit (‫ ھـ‬s.th.); to justify, warrant (
‫ ب ھـ‬s.th. with); to lease, let (‫ ھـ‬s.th.) IV to
wash down, swallow easily (‫ ھـ‬s.th.);
(fig.:) to take, swallow, stomach (‫ ھـ‬s.th.),
stand for s.th. (‫)ھـ‬, put up with s.th. (‫ )ھـ‬V
to lease (‫ ھـ‬s.th.), take a lease (‫ ھـ‬of s.th.)
X to regard as easy to swallow, find
pleasant (‫ ھـ‬s.th.); to taste, enjoy, relish (‫ھـ‬
s.th.); to approve (‫ ھـ‬of s.th.), admit, grant
(‫ ھـ‬s.th.), deem (‫ ھـ‬s.th.) proper
‫ مساغ‬masāg easy access; possibility;
permission │ ‫( لم يستطع مساغا ل‬yastaṭi‘) he
couldn’t put up with ..., couldn’t reconcile
himself to ..., couldn’t swallow ...; ‫ال مساغ‬
‫( للشك‬masāga, šakk) one cannot possibly
doubt it
 ‫ تسويغ‬taswīg hiring out on lease, leasing
│ ‫( قانون القرض والتسويغ‬qarḍ) Lease Act
(pol., Tun.)
‫ سائغ‬sā’ig easy to swallow; tasty,
palatable; permissible, permitted, allowed
‫ مسوغ‬musawwig pl. -āt justifying factor,
justification, good reason
‫ مستساغ‬mustasāg easy to swallow; tasty,
palatable
‫ سوف‬II to put off (‫ ه‬s.o.); to postpone, draw
out, delay, procrastinate (‫ ھـ‬s.th.)
‫ سوف‬saufa (abbreviated form ‫ سـ‬sa)
particle of future tense, e.g., ‫سوف ترى‬
(tarā) you will see
‫ مسافة‬masāfa pl. -āt, ‫ مساوف‬masāwif2
distance, interval, stretch; (mus.) interval
│ ‫ على مسافة‬at some distance
‫ تسويف‬taswīf pl. -āt procrastination,
postponement, delay, deferment
‫ تسويفي‬taswīfī dilatory, delaying,
procrastinating
‫ سوفسطائي‬sūfisṭā’ī sophistic
‫ سوفيات‬suyāt, ‫ سوفييت‬sovyēt Soviet
‫ سوفياتي‬sufyātī, ‫ سوفييتي‬،‫ سوفيتي‬sovyētī
soviet (adj.) │ ‫( االتحاد السوفياتي‬ittiḥād) the
Soviet Union
‫ )ساق )سوق‬sāqa u (sauq, ‫ سياقة‬siyāqa, ‫مساق‬
masāq) to drive, urge on, herd (‫ ه‬،‫ھـ‬
prisoners, cattle); to draft, conscript (‫للجندية‬
li-l-jundīya for military service); to drive (
‫ ھـ‬an automobile); to pilot (‫ ھـ‬an airplane);
to carry along, convey, transport (‫ ھـ‬s.th.);
to send, dispatch, forward, convey, hand
over (‫ الى ھـ‬s.th. to s.o.); to utter (‫ ھـ‬s.th.);
to cite, quote, propound, put forth (‫ ھـ‬s.th.)
│ ‫( ساق مساقه‬masāqahū) to follow the
example or path of s.o.; ‫ ساق الحديث‬to carry
on the conversation; ‫ ساق الحديث اليه‬to
address s.o.; ‫( اليك يساق الحديث‬yusāqu) you
are the one that is meant II to market, sell
(‫ ھـ‬merchandise) III to accompany (‫ ه‬s.o.);
to go along, agree (‫ ه‬with s.o.) V to trade
in the market, sell and buy in the market
VI to draw out; to form a sequence, be
successive, be continuous, be coherent; to
harmonize VII to drift; to be driven; to be
carried away, be given over │ ‫انساق به الى‬
to carry s.o. away to ..., drive or urge s.o.
to ... VIII to drive, urge on, herd (‫ ھـ‬cattle)
442
‫ سوق‬sauq driving (of a car); draft,
conscription (‫ للجندية‬li-l-jundīya for
military service); mobilization (of troops,
also of forces, energies, etc.) │ ‫اجازة السوق‬
ijāzat as-s. driving license
O ‫ سوقية‬sauqīya strategy
‫ ساق‬sāqa f., pl. ‫ سوق‬sūq, ‫ سيقان‬sīqān
shank; thigh; leg (also geom.); side
(geom.); trunk (of a tree); stem, stalk (of
plants) │ ‫ ساق الحمام‬s. al-ḥamām bugloss
(Anchusa officinalis; bot.); ‫ربطة الساق‬
rabṭat as-s. garter; ‫ وسام ربطة الساق‬Order of
the Garter; ‫‘ عظم الساق‬aẓm as-s. shinbone,
tibia; ‫ متساوي الساقين‬mutasāwī s-sāqain
isosceles (geom.); ‫قامت الحرب على ساق‬
(ḥarbu) the war was or became violent,
flared up; war broke out; ‫كشفت الحرب عن‬
‫( ساقھا‬kašafat) do.; ‫ كشف األمر عن ساقه‬the
matter became difficult; ‫وقف على ساق الجد ل‬
(s. il-jidd) to turn one’s zeal to, apply o.s.
to, exert o.s., make efforts in order to ... ;
‫( على قدم وساق‬qadam) in full swing, carried
on most energetically (undertaking,
preparations, etc.); ‫ ارسل ساقه للريح‬arsala
sāqahū li-r-rīḥ to speed along like the
wind
‫ ساقة‬sāqa rear guard, arrière-garde
‫ سوق‬sūq mostly f., pl. ‫ اسواق‬aswāq
bazaar street; market; O fair │ ‫سوق البر‬
‫ واالحسان‬s. al-birr wa-l-iḥsān charity
bazaar; ‫( السوق الحرة‬ḥurra) the free market;
‫ سوق االحسان‬charity bazaar; ‫سوق خيرية‬
(kairīya) do.; ‫(( السوق األسود‬aswad) the
black market; ‫( السوق المشترك‬muštarak) the
Common Market; ‫ سوق النقد‬s. an-naqd
money market (stook exchange); ‫اسواق‬
‫ المحصوالت‬produce markets; ‫سوق عقود القطن‬
s. ‘uqūd al-quṯn cotton exchange
‫ سوقة‬sūqa subjects; rabble, mob
‫ سوقي‬sūqī plebeian, common, vulgar
‫ سويق‬sawīq a kind of mush made of
wheat or barley (also with sugar and
dates)
‫ سويق‬suwaiq and ‫ سويقة‬suwaiqa stem,
stalk (of plants)
‫ سويقة‬suwaiqa small market
 ‫ سياق‬siyāq succession, sequence,
course, thread (of conversation); context
‫ سواق‬siwāq pl. -ūn driver (of animals);
driver, chauffeur; (railroad) engineer
‫ مساق‬masāq trend of things, course,
development, or progress, of s.th.; ‫مساقة الى‬
it amounts to ..., comes to …, winds up in
…, is ultimately aimed at …; also see ‫ساق‬
sāqa above │ ‫ مساق من الدراسات‬course of
studies; ‫ افضى بنا المساق الى‬we have come to
the point where ...
‫ تسويق‬taswīq marketing, sale (of
merchandise)
‫ تسويقة‬taswīqa (eg.) bargain,
advantageous purchase
‫ تساوق‬tasāwuq coherence, interrelation,
connection, context; harmony
‫ سائق‬sa’iq driving; driving force; -- pl.
-ūn sāqa) driver (of animals); chauffeur,
driver; (aircraft) pilot
‫ مسوقر‬musauqar (tun.) = ‫ مسوكر‬musaukar
‫ )ساك )سوك‬sāka u (sauk) to rub, scrub, scour (‫ھـ‬
s.th.) II to clean and polish, brush, clean (
‫ االسنان‬the teeth)
‫ سواك‬siwāk pl. ‫ سوك‬sūk a small stick
(the tip of which is softened by chewing
or beating) used for cleaning and
polishing the teeth
‫ مسواك‬miswāk pl. ‫ مساويك‬masāwīk2 =
‫سواك‬
‫ سوكر‬saukara to insure (‫ ھـ‬goods, etc.); to
register (‫ ھـ‬a letter)
‫ سوكر‬musaukar insured; registered
(letter) 443
1
‫ سول‬II to talk or argue s.o. (‫ )ل‬into s.th. evil or
fateful (‫ ;)ھـ‬to entice, seduce (‫ ل‬s.o., said
of the Devil) │ ‫( سولب له نفسه‬nafsuhū) he
let himself be seduced (‫ ھـ‬to)
2
‫ تسول‬tasawwala (for ‫ تساءل‬tasā’ala) to beg
‫ تسول‬tasawwul begging, beggary
‫ متسول‬mutasawwil pl. -ūn beggar
1 s.th.) on the same level (‫ ب‬with); to
‫ )سام )سوم‬sāma u (saum) to offer for sale (‫ ھـ‬a
commodity); to impose (‫ ھـ ه‬upon s.o. a
punishment or task), force (‫ ھـ ه‬upon s.o. a
difficult task); to demand of s.o. (‫ )ه‬s.th. (
‫ )ھـ‬beyond his power │ ‫(سامه خسفا‬kasfan)
to treat s.o. unjustly, wrong s.o.; to
humiliate s.o.; -- (‫ سيامة‬siyāma) to ordain,
consecrate (a priest, a bishop, etc.; Chr.) II
to impose, force (‫ ه ھـ‬upon s.o. a difficult
task), coerce (‫ ه ھـ‬s.o. to s.th. difficult); to
demand of s.o. (‫ )ه‬s.th. (‫ )ھـ‬beyond his
power; to assess estimate (‫ ھـ‬the value of
an object); to mark, provide with a mark (
‫ ھـ‬s.th.) ill to bargain, haggle, chaffer over
a price (‫ ه‬with s.o.); to bargain, haggle (‫في‬
or ‫ ب‬،‫ على‬with s.o. over) IV to let (‫ھـ‬
cattle) graze freely; to let (‫ ھـ‬the eye)
wander VI to bargain, haggle (‫ في‬over,
for) VID to bargain, haggle, chaffer ( or
‫ على‬،‫ في‬over, for)
‫ مساومة‬musāwama pl. -āt bargaining,
haggling
‫ سائمة‬sā’ima pl. ‫ سوائم‬sawā’im2 freely
grazing livestock
2
‫ سامي‬،‫ سام‬look up alphabetically
3
‫ مسامات‬،‫ مسام‬see 2‫سم‬
‫ سومر‬sūmir Sumer
‫ سومطرة‬sūmaṭra Sumatra
‫ اسوان‬look up alphabetically
‫ سوھج‬sōhag Sohag (city in central Egypt, on
the Nile)
‫ سوي‬sawiya a to be equivalent, be equal (‫ ھـ‬to
s.th.), equal (‫ ھـ‬s.th.) II to even, level,
nivellate, flatten, straighten (‫ ھـ‬s.th.); to
smooth (‫ ھـ‬s.th.); to smooth down (‫ ھـ‬s.th.,
e.g., folds, wrinkles; ‫ من ثيابه‬one’s clothes);
to equalize, make equal (‫ ب ھـ‬s.th. to s.th.
else), put (‫ ھـ‬s.th.) on the same level (‫ب‬
with s.th.); ‫ سوى بينھما‬to put two persons on
an equal footing, treat two persons as
equals, reconcile two persons; to make
regular, make good (‫ ھـ‬s.th.); to cook
properly (‫ ھـ‬s.th.); to regulate, arrange,
make up, smooth over, settle, put in order
(‫ ھـ‬a dispute, a controversy, etc.) │ ‫سوى‬
‫ اخدعه‬to crush s.o.’s pride III to be
equivalent, be equal (‫ ھـ‬to s.th.), equal (‫ھـ‬
s.th.); to be worth (‫ ھـ‬s.th.); to equalize,
make equal (‫ ب ھـ‬s.th. to s.th. else), put (‫ھـ‬
establish equality (‫ وبين‬-- ‫ بين‬between --
and); ‫ ساوى بينھم‬to make them equals,
equalize them, put them on the same
footing; to regulate, arrange, make up,
smooth over, settle, put in order (‫ ھـ‬a
dispute, a controversy, etc.); = ‫ساوى بينھما‬
‫( سوى بينھما‬sawwā) VI to be equal or
similar; to be balanced, keep the balance
VIII to be even, regular, equal; to be
equivalent (‫ ھـ‬to); to be on the same level;
to be or become straight, even, level; to
stand upright, erect, straight; to straighten
up; to sit down (‫ على‬on), mount (‫ على‬s.th.);
to sit firmly (‫ على‬on an animal); to be
properly cooked, be well done; to ripen,
mature, be or become ripe
‫ سوى‬siwan, suwan equality, sameness;
(with foll. genit. or suffix) other than,
except │ ‫( على حد سوي‬ḥaddin) equal(ly),
indiscriminate(ly), alike, the same; ‫فضله‬
‫ على سواه‬faḍḍalahū ‘alā siwāhu he
preferred him to everybody else; ،‫ سوى‬-- ‫ال‬
‫ سوى‬-- ‫ ليس‬only, nothing but
‫ سواء‬sawā’ equal; equality, sameness;
sawā’a except │ ‫( سواء لديه كل شيء‬ladaihi)
444 it is all the same to him, he is
indifferent to everything; ‫سواء بسواء‬
(sawā’an) equally, indiscriminately,
without distinction; together; ‫على السواء‬
likewise, in like manner, equally, evenly,
indiscriminately, without distinction; all
the same, making no difference; ‫ سواء على‬it
doesn’t make any difference for ...; – ‫سواء‬
‫( )ام )او‬sawā’an) regardless whether --
or ..., no matter whether -- or ..., be it
that ... - or ..., ‫ ام‬-- ‫ سواء‬do.; ‫تالميذ سقراط سواء‬
‫ منھم األثينيون وغير األثينيين‬the disciples of
Socrates, both Athenians and non-
Athenians; ‫)سواء السبيل )المحجة‬
(Muhammaḍajja) the straight, right path
‫ سوي‬sawīy pl. ‫ اسوياء‬aswiyā’ straight;
right, correct, proper; unimpaired, intact,
sound; straight-bodied, straight-shaped, of
regular build or growth; even, regular,
well-proportioned, shapely, harmonious;
‫ سويا‬sawīyan in common, jointly, together
‫ سوية‬sawīya pl. ‫ سوايا‬sawāyā equality;
sawīyatan together, jointly
‫ سي‬siyy (for m. and f.) pl. ‫ اسواء‬aswā’
equal, similar, (a)like │ ‫ ھما سيان‬they are
alike, are the same; ‫ ھما سيان عندي‬they are
both the same to me
‫ ال سيما‬lā sīyamā especially, in
particular, mainly
‫ سواسية‬sawāsiya (pl.) equal, alike │ ‫ھم‬
‫ )ھن( سواسية‬they are equals
‫ تسوية‬taswiya leveling, nivellation;
settlement, arrangement, adjustment (of
controversies, etc.); equalization;
settlement (of a bill) │ ‫تحت التسوية‬
outstanding, unsettled, āunpaid (com.)
‫ مساواة‬musāwāh equality, equivalence;
equal rights, equality before the law;
settlement, composition (com.)
‫ تساو‬tasāwin equality, equivalence,
sameness; equal rights, equality before the
law │‫ على التساوي‬or ‫ بالتساوي‬likewise, in
like manner, equally, evenly, regularly
‫ استواء‬istiwā’ straightness; evenness,
levelness; equality, regularity, steadiness
│‫ خط االستواء‬kaṭṭ al-ist. equator
‫ استوائي‬istiwā’ī equatorial, tropical │
‫( المنطقة االستوائية‬minṭaqa) or ‫المناطق االستوائية‬
the tropics
‫ مساو‬musāwin equal, equivalent, similar
‫ متساو‬mutasāwin equal, similar, (a)like;
even, equable, equally strong; of equal
weight, equipoised, equiponderant │
‫ متساوى األبعاد‬equidistant; ‫ متساوى الزوايا‬m. z-
zawāyā equiangular (geom.); ‫متساوى الساقين‬
m. s-sāqain isosceles (geom.); ‫متساوى‬
‫ االضالع‬equilateral (geom.)
‫ مستو‬mustawin straight, upright, erect;
even, smooth, regular; well done
(cooking); ripe, mature
‫ مستوى‬mustawan level, niveau, standard
│ ‫ مستوى الماء‬water level; ‫المستوى العلمي‬
(‘ilmī) scientific level; ‫ مستوى الحياة‬m. l-
ḥayāh standard of living; ‫( في مستوى‬with
foll. genit.) on an equal level or footing
with ...
‫( السويد‬Fr. la Suède) as-suwīd Sweden
‫ سويدي‬suwīdī Swede; Swedish
‫ السويس‬as-suwēs Suez (seaport in NE Egypt) │
‫( قناة )قنال( السويس‬qanāt, qanāl) Suez Canal
‫( سويسرا‬It. Svizzera) swiserā Switzerland
‫ سويسري‬swiserī Swiss
1
‫ سية‬siya pl. -āt curved part of a bow
2
□ ‫ سي‬sī short form of ‫ سيد‬sayyid, ‫ سيدي‬Mr., Sir
(esp. magr.)
3
‫ سي‬siyy, ‫ سيان‬see ‫سوي‬
‫ سيام‬siyām Siam, Thailand
‫ سيان‬siyān cyanogen 445
‫ )ساب )سيب‬sāba i (saib) to flow, stream, run
(water); to run along, speed along, glide
along, creep along, crawl along; to walk
fast, hurry; (eg.) to leave, give up,
relinquish (‫ ھـ‬s.th.); (eg.) to neglect (‫ ه‬،‫ھـ‬
s.o., s.th.); (eg.) to release, let go, free (،‫ھـ‬
‫ ه‬s.o., s.th.) II to leave, give up, relinquish
(‫ ھـ‬s.th.); to neglect (‫ ه‬،‫ ھـ‬s.o., s.th.); to
release, let go, free (‫ ه‬،‫ ھـ‬s.o., s.th.) VII to
flow, stream, run (water); to pour, flow (
‫ الى‬into), enter (‫ الى‬s.th.); to peter out, seep
away, exhaust itself; to speed along, glide
along, run along, crawl or creep (along);
to glide, slip (‫ بين‬between); to walk fast,
hurry; with foll. imperf.: to begin at once
to do s.th.
‫ انسيابي‬insiyābī, ‫ انسيابي الشكل‬ins. Š-šakl
stream-lined
‫ سائب‬sā’ib forlorn, lost, (a)stray; free,
loose, lax, unrestrained
‫ سيبيريا‬sībīriyā Siberia
1 be directed, be oriented (‫ الى‬toward s.th.);
‫ سيج‬II to fence in, hedge in, surround with a
hedge (‫ ھـ‬s.th.) V pass. of II
‫ سياج‬siyāj pl. -āt, ‫ اسوجة‬aswija, ‫اسياج‬
asyāj; hedge; fencing, fence; enclosure;
(fig.) bulwark, shield (of a country, of a
nation)
2
‫ ساج‬look up alphabetically
‫ سيجار‬sīgār cigar (eg.)
‫ سيجارة‬sīgāra pl. -āt, ‫ سجاير‬sagāyir, ‫سجائر‬
sagā’ir2 cigarette (eg.)
‫ )ساح )سيح‬sāḥa i (saiḥ, ‫ سيحان‬sayaḥān) to flow,
run (water); to melt, thaw, dissolve,
become liquid (snow, metal); --(saiḥ, ‫سياحة‬
siyāḥa) to travel, journey; to rove, roam
about II to make flow, cause to flow (‫ ھـ‬a
river, etc.); to melt, dissolve, liquefy,
smelt, fuse (‫ ھـ‬metal, and the like); to
melt, clarify (‫ ھـ‬butter) IV to make flow,
cause to flow (‫ ھـ‬s.th.) VII to spread, pour
forth
‫ سياحة‬siyāḥa pl. -āt travel; tourism
‫ سياح‬sayyāḥ pl. -ūn traveler; tourist
‫ سائح‬sā’iḥ pl. -ūn, ‫ سياح‬suyyāḥ, suwwāḥ)
traveler; tourist; itinerant dervish;
anchorite (Chr.)
‫ مسيخ‬musayyak fluid, liquid; striped
(garment)
1
‫ )ساخ )سيخ‬sāka i (‫ سيخ‬saik, ‫ سيخان‬sayakān) to
sink into the ground or mud
2
‫ سيخ‬sīk pl. ‫ اسياخ‬asyāk spit, skewer; foil,
rapier; iron prong or bolt
‫ سيادة‬،‫ سيد‬see 2‫سود‬
‫ سيدارة‬sīdāra pl. -āt (see ‫ )سدارة‬an Iraqi
headgear, commonly of black velvet;
overseas cap
‫ )سار )سير‬sāra i (‫ سير‬sair, ‫سيرورة‬
sairūra, ‫ مسير‬masīr, ‫ مسيرة‬masīra, ‫تساير‬
tasāyara) to move (on), set out, strike out,
start, get going; to move along; to march;
to travel, journey; to ride (in a vehicle); to
go, go away, leave, depart; to run, operate
(‫ و‬-- ‫ بين‬between -- and, of a train); to flow
(electric current); to run, be in operation,
function, work, go (machine); to progress
(e.g., work); to make (‫ الى‬for s.th.), be
headed (‫ الى‬for s.th.), approach (‫ الى‬s.th.),
to circulate, make the rounds, be or
become current (proverb); to follow,
maintain (‫ سيرا‬sairan a behavior, ‫على‬
s.th.); to behave, conduct o.s.; to proceed,
act (‫ على‬or ‫ بمقتضى‬bi-muqtaḍā according
to) │ ‫ سار به‬to lead s.o., lead s.o. away; ‫سار‬
‫ وراءه‬to (allow, pursue s.o.; ‫سار جيئة وذھابا‬
(jī’atan wa-dihāban) to walk up and
down, go back and forth; ‫سار في سبيل التحسن‬
(s. it-taḥassun) to be on the road to
recovery; ‫( الخطة التى سار فيھا‬kiṭṭa) the
course he followed; ٤٤٦ ‫سار سيرة حسنة‬
(sīratan ḥasanatan) to behave well; ‫سار‬
‫( على قدميه‬qadamaihi) not to be dead and
forgotten, be still much alive, be a
tangible reality II to set in motion, drive (
‫ ھـ‬s.th.); to make (‫ ھـ‬s.th., e.g., an
automobile) go; to start, start up, let run (
‫ ھـ‬a machine); to go in (‫ ھـ‬for a task), run,
carry on, ply, practice (‫ ھـ‬a trade); to drive
(‫ ھـ‬a car), pilot, steer (‫ ھـ‬s.th.); to send,
dispatch, send out (‫ ه‬،‫ ھـ‬s.o., s.th.); to
circulate, put in circulation (‫ ھـ‬s.th.); to
stripe (‫ ھـ‬a garment, etc.) III to keep up, go
along (‫ ه‬with s.o.); to walk at s.o.’s (‫)ه‬
side; to pursue (‫ ھـ‬s.th.); to show o.s.
willing to please (‫ ه‬s.o.), comply (‫ ه‬with
s.o.’s wish); to be in agreement, be
consistent (‫ ھـ‬with s.th.); to be familiar,
intimate, be hand in glove, get along (‫ه‬
with s.o.); to adapt o.s. (‫ ھـ‬to
circumstances, events, etc.) IV to set in
motion, drive (‫ ھـ‬s.th.); to send, dispatch (
‫ ه‬،‫ ھـ‬s.o., s.th.)
‫ سير‬sair trip, tour, travel, journey, walk,
errand, march, procession; movement,
motion; departure; course, progress (of an
undertaking); procedure, practice,
conduct, behavior; (way of) life;
observance, pursuance (‫ على‬of s.th.) │ ‫حسن‬
‫(السير والسلوك‬husk as-s.) blameless life; ‫في‬
‫( السير وراء غرضه‬garaḍihī) in pursuance of
his intention
‫ سير‬sair pl. ‫ سيور‬suyūr (leather) belt;
girth; drive belt, transmission belt │ ‫سير‬
‫(متحرك‬mutaḥarrik) conveyor belt,
assembly line
‫ سيرة‬saira gait; course
‫ سيرة‬sīra pl. ‫ سير‬siyar conduct,
comportment, demeanor, behavior, way of
life; attitude, position, reaction, way of
acting; (in sg. or pl.) biography, history;
pl. campaigns; ‫ السيرة‬the biography of
Mohammed
‫ سيار‬sayyār traveling frequently, always
on the move, continually moving;
itinerant, roving, roaming about;
circulating; planet │‫( صحف سيارة‬suḥuf) or
‫ جرائد سيارة‬daily newspapers, dailies
‫ سيارة‬sayyāra pl. -āt automobile, car │
‫ سيارة األجرة‬s. al-ujra taxi cab; ‫سيارة مدرعة‬
(mudarra‘a) armored car; ‫سيارة دورية‬
(daurīya) patrol car; ‫ سيارة اإلسعاف‬s. al-
is‘āf ambulance; ‫( سيارة مصفحة‬muṣaffaḥa)
armored car; ‫ سيارة النقل‬s. an-naql truck,
lorry; ‫( سائق السيارة‬automobile) driver,
chauffeur
‫ مسار‬masār pl. -āt path (of rays, etc.)
‫ مسير‬masīr travel, journey, tour; march
(mil.); departure; distance
‫ مسيرة‬masīra travel, journey, tour;
departure; distance
‫ تسيير‬tasyīr dispatch, sending out;
propulsion, drive (techn.) │‫التسيير النفاثي‬
(naffātī) jet propulsion
‫ مسايرة‬musāyara adaptation, adjustment
‫ سائر‬sā’ir going, walking, running;
walker, wayfarer, wanderer; generally
known, current (proverb); see also ‫سئر‬
‫( │خدمة سائرة‬kidma) transient laborers,
seasonal laborers (eg.)
‫ مسير‬musayyar directed, controlled (‫ب‬
by); guided, remote-controlled; not
endowed with free will (philos., as
opposed to ‫ مخير‬mukayyar)
‫ سيراس‬sīrās (syr.) glue made of the yellow
powder of a pulverized root, used esp. for
pasting leather
‫ سيرافيم‬sīrāfīm seraphim
‫ سيرج‬sīraj sesame oil
‫( سيرك‬Fr. cirque) sirk circus
‫ سيسبان‬saisabān sesban (an indigenous
Egyptian shrub whose leaves have a
purgative 447 effect, Sesbania aegyptiaca
Pers.; bot.)
‫ سيسى‬sīsī pl. ‫ سيسيات‬sīsīyāt, ‫ سياسي‬sayāsī (eg.)
pony; young rat
‫ سيطر‬saiṭara to command, dominate, control (
‫ على‬s.th.); to be master or lord (‫ على‬over
s.th.), reign, gain power (‫ على‬over s.th.); to
seize (‫ على‬s.th.), take hold (‫ على‬of s.th.) II
tasaiṭara = ‫سيطر‬
‫ سيطرة‬saiṭara rule, dominion,
domination, command, supremacy, power,
authority (‫ على‬over); decisive influence (
‫ على‬on); control (‫ على‬over)
‫ مسيطر‬musaiṭir ruler, sovereign,
overlord
‫ سيف‬saif pl. ‫ سيوف‬suyūf, ‫ اسياف‬asyāf, ‫ اسيف‬asyuf
sword; sabre, foil, rapier │‫ سيف اإلسالم‬s.
al-islām title of princes of the royal house
of Yemen
‫ سيف‬sīf pl. ‫ اسياف‬asyāf shore, coast
‫ سياف‬sayyāf executioner
‫ مسايفة‬musāyafa fencing (with saber or
foil)
‫سيقارة = سيكارة‬
‫ سيكارة‬sigāra pl. ‫ سكائر‬sagā’ir 2 cigarette (syr.)
‫ سيكران‬saikurān, saikarān henbane
(Hyoscyamus niger; bot.)
‫( سيكورتاه‬It. sicurtà) sikurtāh insurance │
‫( )سيكورتاه الحريق )الحياة‬ḥayā) fire (life)
insurance
‫ سيكولوجى‬sīkolōžī, saikolōjī psychologic(al)
1 film; ‫ )سينما ناطقة )ناطق‬or ‫)سينما صائتة )صائت‬
‫ )سال )سيل‬sāla i (sail, ‫ سيالن‬sayalān) to flow,
stream; to be or become liquid; to melt │
‫( سال لعابه على‬lu’ābuhū) his mouth watered
for ... II to make flow, cause to stream,
liquefy, melt, dissolve (‫ ھـ‬s.th.) IV = II
‫ سيل‬sail pl. ‫ سيول‬suyūl flood,
inundation; torrent, torrential stream │‫سيل‬
‫‘( عرام‬urām) huge mass, flood, stream; ‫بلغ‬
‫( السيل الزبى‬zubā) the matter has reached its
climax, has come to a head
‫ سيلة‬saila stream
‫ سيولة‬suyūla liquid state, liquidity,
flow(ing)
‫ سيال‬sayyāl streaming, pouring,
torrential; fluid, liquid; a liquid; stream; a
fluid │‫( قلم سيال‬qalam) facile pen, fluent
style
‫ سيالة‬sayyāla rivulet; pocket
‫ سيالن‬sayalān flowing, ftow; running;
deliquescence, liquefaction; gonorrhea
(med.); see also below
‫ مسيل‬masīl pl. ‫ مسايل‬masāyil2 river bed,
rivulet
‫ سائل‬sā’il ftuid, liquid; (pl. ‫سوائل‬
sawā’il2) a liquid, a fluid │O ‫علم السوائل‬
‘ilm as-s. hydraulics
‫ سائلية‬sā’ilīya fluidity, liquid state of
aggregation (phys.)
2 2
‫ سيالن‬sayalān Ceylon;
3
‫ سيالن‬sīlān garnet (precious stone)
1
‫ سيم‬sīmā (pass.) and VII to be consecrated, be
ordained (Chr.)
2
‫ وال سيما‬wa-lā siyyamā see ‫سوى‬
3
‫ سيماء‬see next entry
4
‫ سيمى‬sīmā (‫ سيما‬sīmā), ‫ سيماء‬sīmā’2, ‫ سيمة‬sīma
pl. ‫ سيم‬siyam mark, sign, characteristic;
mien, expression
5
‫ سيميا‬sīmiyā, ‫ سيمياء‬sīmiyā’ natural magic
‫ سين‬sīn name of the letter ‫س‬
‫ االشعة السينية‬al-aši‘‘a as-sīnīya S rays
‫ سينا‬sīnā and ‫ سيناء‬sīnā’ Sinai 448
‫( سينما‬Fr. cinéma) cinema, motion-picture
theater │ ‫ دور السينما‬dūr as.s. motionpicture
theaters, movies; ‫ )سينما صامتة )صامت‬silent
sound film, talkie
‫ سينمائي‬sīnēmā’ī cinematographic,
cinematic, cinema-, movie- (in
compounds); motion-picture actor, film
star │‫ رواية سينمائية‬motion picture, film,
movie
‫( سينماتوغراف‬Fr. cinématographe) sīnimatugrāf
cinematograph
‫( سينماسكوب‬Fr. cinémascope) sīnimaskūb
cinemascope
‫( سينودس‬Gr. σύυδος) sinōdos synod
‫ش‬
‫ ش‬abbreviation of ‫ شارع‬šāri‘ street (St.)
‫ شاء‬šā’ (coll.; n. un. ‫ شاة‬šāh) pl. ‫ شواة‬šiwāh, ‫شياه‬
šiyāh sheep; ewe
‫ شؤبوب‬šu’būb pl. ‫ شآبيب‬ša’ābīb2 downpour,
shower
‫ شادر‬šādir, tent; storehouse, warehouse,
magazine
‫ شاذرون‬šādarūn fountain; a small water-driven
gadget adorned with hells, and the like,
resembling a mobile
‫ شاروبيم‬šārūbīm cherubim
‫ شاسي‬šāsī chassis
‫ شأفة‬ša’fa root │‫ استأصل شأفته‬ista’ṣala ša’fatahū
to extirpate, root out, eradicate s.th.,
remove s.th. drastically
‫ شاكوش‬šākūš and ‫ شكوش‬šakūš pl. ‫شواكيش‬
šawākīš hammer │‫ ابو شاكوش‬hammerhead
(shark)
‫ شال‬šāl pl. ‫ شيالن‬šīlān shawl
‫( شاليه‬Fr. chalet) šālēh pl. -āt hunting cabin,
.hooting lodge; beach cabin, cabana
‫ شام‬VI to perceive an evil omen (‫ من‬or ‫ ب‬in),
regard as an evil portent (‫ من‬or ‫ ب ب‬s.th.);
to foretell calamity (‫ من‬or ‫ ب‬from); to be
superstitious; to he pessimistic X to
 perceive an evil omen (‫ ب‬in), regard as an
evil portent (‫ ب‬s.th.); to foretell calamity (
‫ ب‬from)
‫ الشام‬aš-ša’m, aš-šām the northern
region, the North; Syria; Damascus │‫شاما‬
‫( ويمنا‬yamanan) northward and southward
‫ شامي‬šāmī Syrian; (pl. -ūn, ‫( شوام‬šuwām)
a Syrian
‫ شآمي‬ša’āmī Syrian (adj. and n.)
‫ شؤم‬šu’m calamity, bad luck,
misfortune; evil omen, portent │‫ال تمأل الدنيا‬
‫( شؤما‬tamla’, dunyā) (don’t fill the world
with evil omen!) approx.: talk of the devil
and he will appear!
‫ اشأم‬aā’am2, f. ‫ شؤمى‬šu’mā inauspicious,
ill-omened, ominous, portentous, sinister;
calamitous, disastrous; unfortunate, fatal,
accursed
‫ تشائم‬tašā’um pessimism
‫ مشؤوم‬maš’ūm and ‫ مشوم‬mašūm pl. ‫مشائيم‬
mašā’īm2 inauspicious, ill-omened,
ominous, sinister; unfortunate, unlucky
│‫‘( عدد مشؤوم‬adad) unlucky number
‫ متشائم‬mutašā’im pessimist
‫ شأن‬ša’n pl. ‫ شؤون‬šu’ūn matter, affair, concern,
business; circumstances, state of affaire,
case; nature, character, quality, 449 kind;
situation, condition, state; significance;
importance, consequence; standing,
prestige, rank; cranial future; pl. ‫شؤون‬
tears; ša’na like, as │‫ بشأن‬bi-ša’ni
regarding, with regard or respect to,
relating to, pertaining to, concerning, as
to, about; ‫( جل شأنه‬jalla) the Sublime (of
God); ‫ وزارة الشؤون االجتماعية‬Ministry of
Social Affairs; ‫الشؤون الخارجية‬
(kārijīya)foreign affairs; ‫ذو الشأن‬, f. ‫ذات‬
‫ الشأن‬the responsible man, the man in
charge, the man directly concerned with
the matter; ‫ اولو الشأن‬ulū š-š. and ‫ذوو الشأن‬
dawū š-š. the influential people, the
competent people; the concerned with the
matter; ‫ شؤون الحياة‬š. al-ḥayāh worldly
affairs; ‫ خطير الشأن‬of great importance; ‫ذو‬
‫ شأن‬significant, important; ‫ رفيع الشأن‬high-
ranking; (formerly, Tun.) title of members
of the Bey’s family; ‫ صاحب الشأن‬the one
concorned; ‫ اصحاب الشأن‬those concerned;
the important, influential people; O ‫مكلف‬
‫( بالشؤون‬mukallaf) chargé d’affaires (dipl.);
‫شأنه في ذلك شأن الـ‬... (ša’nuhū … ša’nu l-...)
in this matter he fares just as the …, he is,
in this respect, in the same situation as
the ...; ‫( رجل ھذا شأنه‬ša’nuhū) a man whose
situation is this, a man who can be
described as ..., a man in this situation;
‫ شأنك‬ša’naka or ‫ انت وشأن‬anta wa-ša’naka
please your-self! do as you like! ‫شأنك وما‬
‫( تريد‬ša’naka) do as you please! just as you
wish! ‫( دعني وشأني‬da‘nī) let me alone! ‫تركه‬
‫ وشأنه‬tarakahū wa-ša’nahū to let s.o.
alone; to let s.o. go; not to pay any
attention to s.o.; ‫ ھو في شأن‬he is concerned
with a matter; ‫ ھذا شأنه‬that’s his affair; ‫ما‬
‫ شأنك‬what’s the matter with you? what do
you want? ‫ ما شأنك وھذا‬what have you got
to do with this? what business of yours is
this? ‫( ما شأنه واألمر‬amra) what has he got
to do with the matter? ‫ ما شأني في ذلك‬what
have I got to do with that? what business
of mine is that? ‫( اي شأن لك في ھذا‬ayyu
ša’nin) what business of yours is this?
what’s that to you? ‫ له شأن في ذلك‬he has
s.th. to do with this, he has a hand in this;
‫( ال شأن له في ذلك‬ša’na) he hasn’t anything
to do with this, he has no part in this; ‫ليس‬
‫ لي شأن في ذلك‬I shall have nothing to do
with that, that is none of my business, I
shan’t meddle in that; ‫ال شأن لي في ذلك‬
(ša’na) I haven’t anything to do with it,
it's none of my business; ‫لي معه شأن آخر‬
(ākar) I still have a bone to pick with him;
‫( ذھب لبعض شأنه‬li-ba‘ḍi ša’nihī) he attended
to a task; he went to do s.th.; ‫انصرف الى‬
‫( شأنه‬inṣarafa) he left to do his work;
‫( اصلحت من شأنھا‬aṣlaḥat) she made herself
up; ‫ اھمل شأنه‬ahmala ša’nahū he neglected
him; ‫ ذلك شأنه‬that is his habit; ‫ھذا شأنه دائما‬
he is always that way; ‫( شأنه في‬ša’nahū) as
he used to do in ...; ‫ شأنه مع من‬... (ša’nahū)
as he used to deal with people who ...; ‫كان‬
‫ من شأنه‬it was his wont, he used to ...; ‫من‬
‫ شأنه ان‬it is in his (its) nature that ..., he (it)
tends to ...; it is his business to ...; ‫ليس من‬
‫ شأنه ان‬it is not his affair or business to ...;
it is inappropriate for him to ...; it does not
tend to …; is not conducive to ...; ‫ان لھذا‬
‫( الرجل شأنا‬rajuli) there is a man to keep an
eye on, this is an important man; there is
s.th. about this
 man! ‫( في خلقه شؤون‬kalqihī) God has
created all kinds of things (meaning:
strange things can happen in this world!)
‫( شانتاج‬Fr. chantage) šantāž blackmail
‫ شاه‬šāh shah; king (chess) │ ‫( شاه بلوط‬ballūṭ)
chestnut tree (bot.); ‫ شاه مات‬checkmate
(chess)
‫ شاھاني‬šāhānī the shah’s, pertaining to
the shah; imperial │ ‫ ارادة شاھانية‬decree of
the Sultan (in Ottoman times)
2
‫ شاھين‬šāhīn pl. ‫ شواھين‬šawāhīn shahin, an
Indian falcon (zool.) 450 ‫ )شآ )شأو‬šā’a u (
‫ شأو‬ša’w) to overtake in running, outrace (‫ه‬
s.o.)
‫ شأو‬ša’w highest point, summit, peak;
goal, object │ ‫ بعيد الشأو‬far-aiming, far-
aspiring; very ambitious; ‫بلغ في شأوه‬
(ša’wihī) to get as far in s.th. as s.o. else,
match s.o. in s.th.; ‫بلغ شأوا بعيدا في الرقي‬
(ruqīy) to undergo tremendous progress;
‫ بلغ الشأو البعيد‬to carry off the prize, hit the
bull’s eye
‫ شاورمة‬šāwarma, šāwirma (also ‫)شورمة‬
charcoal-broiled mutton, out in thin slices
and arranged conically on a vertical
skewer (syr.)
‫ شاوش‬šāwuš (tun.) pl. ‫ شواش‬šuwwāš sergeant;
office boy, handy man; doorman, gate-
keeper
‫ شاويش‬šāwīš a military rank, approx.: staff
sergeant (Eg.) │ ‫ وكيل شاويش‬a military
rank, approx.: sergeant (Eg.)
‫ شاي‬šāy tea
‫ شب‬šabba i (‫ شباب‬šabāb, ‫ شبيبة‬šabība) to
become a youth or young man, to
adolesce, grow up; -- i u (‫ شب‬šibāb, ‫شبيب‬
šabīb) to raise the forelegs as if about to
jump; to rear; to prance (horse); -- i (‫شبوب‬
šubūb) to burn, blaze (fire); to break out
(fire, war); -- u (šabb, šubūb) to light,
kindle (‫ ھـ‬fire) │ ‫( شبت نيران الحرب‬nīrān al-
ḥarb) war broke out; ‫( شب عن الطوق‬ṭauq) to
be over the initial stages, with neg.: to be
still in its infancy II to rhaplodize about a
beloved woman (‫ )بھا‬and one’s
relationship to her, celebrate her in verse;
to flirt (‫ بھا‬with a woman) V to rhaplodize
about a beloved woman (‫ )بھا‬end one’s
relationship to her, celebrate her in verse;
to compose love sonnets; to take fire,
blaze up
‫ شب‬šabb (= ‫ شاب‬šābb) youth, young
man
‫ شب‬šabb alum
‫ شبة‬šabba (= šābba) young woman, girl
‫ شبة‬šabba alum
‫ شبب‬šabab fully grown (steer)
‫ شباب‬šabāb youth, youthfulness; youths,
young men, adolescents, juveniles │ ‫تجديد‬
‫ الشباب‬rejuvenation
‫ شبابي‬šabābī youthful, juvenile
‫ شبوب‬šubūb outbreak (of a war)
‫ شبابة‬šabbāba reed flute
‫ شبيبة‬šabība youth, youthfulness; ‫الشبيبة‬
the youth (coll.)
‫ شاب‬šābb pl. ‫ شبان‬šubbān, ‫ شباب‬šabāb,
‫ شببة‬šababa youthful, juvenile, young;
youth, young man
‫ شابة‬šābba pl. -āt, ‫ شواب‬šawābb2, ‫شبائب‬
šabā’ib2 young woman, girl
‫ مشبوب‬mašbūb lighted, kindled, ignited,
flaming, burning; beautiful
‫ شبت‬šibitt dill (‫ھـ‬nethum graveolens; bot.)
1
‫ شبث‬šabita a (šabat) and V to cling, cleave,
hold fast, hang on, attach o.s. adhere (‫ب‬
to)
‫ شبث‬šabat pl. ‫ شبثان‬šibtān spider
‫ شبث‬tašabbut tenacity; attachment,
adherence, fidelity; stubbornness,
obstinacy
‫ متشبث‬mutašabbit tenacious; attached,
adherent; stubborn, obstinate
2
‫ شبث‬šibitt (‫ھـ‬nethum graveolens; bot.)
‫ شبح‬šabaḥ pl. ‫ شبوح‬šubūḥ, ‫ اشباح‬ašbāḥ blurred,
indistinct shape; apparition; phantom;
ghost, specter, spirit; nightmare; figure,
person
1
‫ شبر‬šabara u i (šibr) to measure (‫ ھـ‬s.th.) with
the span of the hand II do.; to gesticulate,
make gestures, to gesture
‫ شبر‬šibr pl. ‫ اشبار‬ašbār span of the hand
│ ‫( شبرا فشبرا‬fa-šibran) inch by inch; 451
‫( شبر من األرض‬arḍ) a foot of ground; ‫قلده‬
 ‫( شبرا بشبر وذراعا بذراع‬qalladahū) to imitate
s.o. or s.th. religiously; to follow s.th.
literally
2
‫ شبور‬šabbūr pl. ‫ شبابير‬šabābīr2 trumpet
3 repletion, filling; satisfaction, gratification
‫ شبورة‬šabbūra and ‫ شابورة‬šābūra (eg.) fog,
mist
‫ شبرق‬šabraqa to tear to pieces, to shred (‫ھـ‬
s.th.)
‫ شبرقة‬šabraqa pocket money
‫ شبق‬šabiqa a (šabaq) to be lewd, lecherous,
2
‫ شبشب‬šibšib pl. ‫ شباشب‬šabāšib slipper
1
‫ شبط‬šabaṭa to cling, cleave, hold on (‫ في‬to)
2
‫ شباط‬šubāṭ(2) February (Syr., Ir., Leb., Jord.)
3
‫ شبوط‬šabbūṭ (syr.) large fish found in the
Euphrates and Tigris rivers
2
‫ شبع‬šabi‘a a (šab‘, šiba‘) to satisfy one’s
appetite (‫ من‬or ‫ ھـ‬with s.th.), eat one’s fill (
‫ من‬or ‫ ھـ‬of s.th.); to be or become sated,
satisfied in one’s appetite; to be full (‫ من‬or
‫ ھـ‬of); to be or become fed up, surfeited (
‫ من‬with), be or become sick and tired (‫من‬
of), have enough (‫ من‬of) II to sate, satiate,
fill (‫ ه‬،‫ ھـ‬،‫ ب‬s.o., s.th. with); to satisfy,
gratify (‫ ھـ‬the appetite, one’s desires, the
senses); to load, charge (‫ ھـ‬s.th., ‫ ب‬with
electricity) IV to sate, satiate, fill (‫ ه ب‬s.o.
with); to satisfy, gratify (‫ ھـ‬the appetite,
the senses); to saturate (‫ ھـ‬s.th., e.g., with
a dye); to load, charge (‫ ھـ‬s.th., ‫ ب‬with
electricity); to go in (‫ ھـ‬for s.th.)
thoroughly; (gram.) to lengthen (‫ ھـ‬a
vowel) by writing it plane; pass. ušbi‘a to
be replete, full (‫ ب‬with, of) │ ‫اشبع الكالم فيه‬
(kalāma) to speak in great detail, at great
length about s.th., describe or explain s.th.
elaborately; ‫( اشبعه ضربا‬ḍarban) to give
s.o. a sound beating V to be sated,
saturated (‫ ب‬with); to be filled (‫ ب‬with),
be full (‫ ب‬of); to be loaded or charged (‫ب‬
with, el.)
‫ شبع‬šab‘ sufficiency, satiety, satiation,
saturation, repletion, fullness
‫ شبع‬šib‘, šiba‘ s.th. that fills or satisfies
the appetite, fill
‫ شبع‬šaba‘ saturation (chem.)
‫ شبعة‬šub‘a fill
‫ شبعان‬šab‘ān f. ‫ شبعى‬šab‘ā, pl. ‫شباعي‬
šabā‘ā, ‫ شباع‬šibā‘ sated, satisfied, full;
rich
‫ اشباع‬išbā‘ satiation, saturation,
‫ مشبع‬mušabba‘, mušba‘ satiated,
saturated (‫ ب‬with); replete, filled (‫ ب‬with),
full (‫ ب‬of) │ ‫( مشبع بالكھرباء‬kahrabā’)
electrically charged
2
lustful
‫ شبق‬šabaq lewdness, lechery,
licentiousness, lust
‫ شبق‬šabiq lewd, lecherous, lustful,
licentious
‫ شبق‬šubuq chibouk
1
‫ شبك‬šabaka i (šabk) to interjoin, intertwine,
interlace, interweav., entangle (‫ ھـ‬s.th.); to
fasten, tighten, attach (‫ ھـ‬s.th. or ‫ في‬to) II
to interjoin, intertwine, interlace,
interweave, entangle, complicate (‫ بين‬or ‫ھـ‬
s.th.); to crochet V to be interjoined,
intertwined, interlaced, interwoven,
entangled; to b. or become complicated,
involved, intricate, confused VI to be
intertwined, interlaced, interwoven,
entangled; to be intermeshed, be
interwoven like a net VIII to be or become
interjoined, interlaced, interwoven, net-
like, reticulate; to be intertwined
(branches), be interlocked (hands); to be
or become entangled, snarled; to get
entangled, involved, ensnared, embroiled,
implicated, mixed up (‫ في‬in); to com. to
blows or to gripe 452 (‫ ب‬or ‫ مع‬with s.o.);
to be or become complicated, involved,
intricate, confused (matter); to join, unite,
combine, coalesce, merge, fuse (‫ ب‬with);
to meet (eyes, glances) │ ‫ اشتبك في حديث‬to
be drawn into a conversation, become
engrossed in a discussion; ‫اشتبك في حرب‬
(ḥarb) to become involved in a war
‫ شبكة‬šabaka pl. ‫ شبك‬šabak, ‫ شباك‬šibāk,
‫ شبوكات‬šubūkāt net; netting, network;
snare; -- (pl. ‫ شباك‬šibāk) O grid (radio)
‫ شبكة شائكة‬barbed-wire entanglement,
concertina; ‫( شبكة السلكية‬lā-silkīya) radio
network
 ‫ شبكي‬šabakī reticulate, reticular, netted,
net-like; retinal; of framework
‫ شبكية‬šabakīya retina (anat.)
‫ شباك‬šubbāk pl. ‫ شبابيك‬šabābīk2 netting,
network; plaitwork; grid, grill; window;
wicket (post office, box office, etc.) │
‫ شباك العرض‬š. al-‘arḍ show window,
showcase, glass case
‫ مشبك‬mišbak pl. ‫ مشابك‬mašābik2 hook;
clasp, pin; hairpin, bobby pin │ ‫مشبك الورق‬
m. al-waraq paper clip
‫ تشابك‬tašābuk confusion, intricacy,
obscurity, abstruseness
‫ اشتباك‬ištibāk entanglement,
involvement (‫ في‬in); complication; hand-
to-hand fight, scuffle, melee (‫ مع‬with),
clash (‫ ب‬with) │ ‫عدم االاشتباك في القتال‬
(‘adam al-išt.) nonintervention in battle
‫ مشبك‬mušabbak plaited, resembling
plaitwork; (pl. -āt) window (or door)
adorned with plaited latticework
‫ مشتبك‬muštabik entangled, involved,
complicated, intricate
‫ مشتبك‬muštabak plaitwork; thicket (of
branches)
2 and the likes of them, and their sort (of
‫ شبك‬šubuk chibouk
3
‫ شوبك‬look up alphabetically
‫ شبل‬IV to take care (‫ على‬of s.o.), look (‫ على‬after
s.o.), take s.o. (‫ )على‬in hand
‫ شبل‬šibl pl. ‫ اشبال‬ašbāl lion cub
‫ شبين‬šabīn, šibin pl. ‫ شباين‬šabāyin2 godfather,
sponsor (Chr.); best man, groomsman
(Chr.)
‫ شبينة‬šabīna, šibīna pl. -āt godmother,
sponsor (Chr.); bridesmaid (Chr.)
‫ اشبين‬išbīn pl. ‫ اشابين‬ašābīn2 godfather,
sponsor (Chr.); best man, groomsman
(Chr.)
‫ اشبينة‬išbīna godmother, sponsor (Chr.);
bridesmaid (Chr.)
‫ شبه‬II to make equal or similar (‫ ب‬or ‫ھـ‬
‫ ھـ‬s.th. to s.th. else); to compare (‫ ب ھـ‬s.th.
with), liken (‫ ب ھـ‬s.th. to); pass. šubbiha to
be doubtful, dubious, uncertain, obscure (
‫ على‬to s.o.) III to resemble (‫ ه‬،‫ ھـ‬s.o., s.th.),
bear a resemblance, be similar (‫ ه‬،‫ ھـ‬to
s.o., to s.th.), be like s.o. or s.th. (‫ ه‬،‫)ھـ‬,
look (exactly) like s.o. (‫ه( │ وما شابه ذلك‬
and the like IV to resemble (‫ ه‬،‫ ھـ‬s.o.,
s.th.), bear a resemblance, be similar (‫ ه‬،‫ھـ‬
to s.o., to s.th.), be like s.o. or s.th. (‫ ه‬،‫;)ھـ‬
to look (exactly) like s.o. (‫ه( │ وما اشبه ذلك‬
and the like V to compare o.s. (‫ ب‬with); to
imitate, copy (‫ ب‬s.o., s.th.) VI to resemble
one another, be similar to one another; to
be equal to one another, be identical; to be
ambiguous, unclear VIII to resemble one
another, be similar to one another; to be in
doubt (‫ في‬about), doubt (‫ في‬s.th.); to
suspect (‫ في امره‬or ‫ في‬s.o., s.th.); to be
doubtful, dubious, obscure (‫ على‬to s.o.) │
‫ اشتبه في األمر‬the matter appeared doubtful
to him
‫ شبه‬šibh pl. ‫ اشباه‬ašbāh resemblance,
similarity, likeness; image, picture;
analogue; similar, (a)like; -like, quasi-,
semi- (with foll. genit.) │ ‫ شبه‬šibhu
jazīratin peninsula; ‫ شبه حربي‬š. ḥarbī semi-
military; ‫ شبه المنحرف‬š. al-munḥarif 453
trapezoid (geom.); ‫ شبه رسمي‬š. rasmī semi-
official, officious (dipl.); ‫ شبه الظل‬š. aẓ-ẓill
penumbra; ‫ شبه قارة‬subcontinent; ‫شبه المعين‬
š. al-mu‘ayyan rhomboid (geom.); ‫اشباھه‬
ašbāhuhū the likes of him, his kind; ‫وشبھھم‬
people); ‫‘( في شبه عزلة تامة‬uzlatin tāmma)
all but completely isolated, as good as
completely isolated
‫ شبه‬šabah pl. ‫ اشباه‬ašbāh resemblance,
similarity, likeness; image, picture;
analogue; similar, (a)like; brass
‫ شبھة‬subha pl. ‫ شبھات‬šubhāt, šubahāt,
šubuhāt obscurity, vagueness, uncertainty;
doubt; suspicion; specious argument,
sophism; judicial error (Isl. Law) │ ‫ذوو‬
‫ الشبھات‬dawū š-šubuhāt or ‫اصحاب الشبھات‬
dubious persons, people of ill repute; ‫تحت‬
‫ الشبھة‬suspicious, suspect
‫ شبھان‬šabahān brass
‫ شبيه‬šabīh pl. ‫ شباه‬šibāh similar (‫ ب‬to),
like, resembling (‫ ب‬s.o., s.th.) │ ‫شبيه‬
‫( بالمنحرف‬munḥarif) trapezoid (geom.); ‫شبيه‬
‫( بالرسمي‬rasmī) semi-official, officious
(dipl.); ‫( شبيه بالمعين‬mu‘ayyan) rhomboid
(geom.)
‫ اشبه‬ašbah2 more similar, more
resembling, more like │ ‫ ھو اشبه ب‬he
 resembles … more than anything else, he
is just like …
‫ مشابه‬mašābih2 similarities, related traits
‫ تشبيه‬tašbīh comparison; allegory,
simile, parable; ascription of human
characteristics to God,
anthropomorphization (of God, theol.)
‫ مشابھة‬mušābaha pl. -āt resemblance,
similarity, likeness
‫ تشبه‬tašabbuh imitation (‫ ب‬of)
‫ تشابه‬tašābuh resemblance, similarity,
likeness; vagueness, haziness,
indistinctness, obscurity
‫ اشتباه‬ištibāh resemblance, similarity,
likeness; dubiousness, doubtfulness,
obscurity, inscrutability; doubt, misgiving,
suspicion
‫ مشبوه‬mašbūh suspicious, suspect;
dubious, doubtful; notorious; a suspect
‫ مشابه‬mušābih similar
‫ متشابھات‬mutašābihāt obscure, not
clearly intelligible passages in the Koran
‫( مشتبه فيه‬muštabah) or ‫مشتبه في امره‬
(amrihī) suspicious, suspect; a suspect;
‫ مشتبه فيه ب‬suspected of s.th. │ ‫مشتبه في‬
‫( صنعه‬ṣan‘ihī) of doubtful make
‫ شبا‬šaban tip, point │ ‫( فل من شباه‬falla) to
weaken s.o.
‫ شباة‬šabāh pl. ‫ شبوات‬šabawāt tip, point;
sting, prick
‫ شت‬šatta i (šatt, ‫ شتات‬šatāt, ‫ شتيت‬šatīt)
to be scattered, be dispersed, be dissolved;
-- šatta i to scatter, disperse, break up (‫ ھم‬a
crowd, etc., ‫ ھـ‬s.th.) │ ‫شت شملھم‬
(šamlahum) to disperse or break up the
gathering of people, dissolve their unity II
to disperse, scatter, break up (‫ ھم‬a crowd,
etc., ‫ ھـ‬s.th.) │ ‫( شتت شملھم‬šamlahum) = ‫شت‬
‫ شملھم‬IV = II V to be scattered, be
dispersed, be dissolved, scatter, disperse,
breakup
‫ شت‬šatt pl. ‫ اشتات‬aštāt dispersed,
separate(d), scattered, dissolved; pl. ‫اشتات‬
manifold, variegated, diverse; scattered
fragments, single pieces, sections (‫ من‬of)
‫ شتات‬šatāt dispersed, separate(d),
scattered, dissolved
‫ شتيت‬šatīt pl. or ‫ شتى‬šattā dispersed,
separate(d), scattered, dissolved; pl. ‫شتى‬
diverse, sundry, various, different,
manifold, miscellaneous, all kinds of │
‫ شتى بينھما‬or what a difference between the
two of them! how different they are!
‫ شتان‬šattāna: ‫ شتان‬,‫ شتان ما بينھما‬,‫شتان بينھما‬
‫ بين – و‬what a difference between …
and ...! how different they are! 454
‫ تشتيت‬taštīt dispersion, scattering,
dissolution; disruption, splitting,
splintering
1
‫ شتر‬šatara i to cut off, tear off, rip off (‫ھـ‬
s.th.); to tear (up) (‫ ھـ‬s.th.)
2
‫شترات‬šitrāt citrate, salt of citric acid
‫ شتل‬šatala i to plant, transplant (‫ ھـ‬a plant)
‫ شتلة‬šatla pl. ‫ شتول‬šutūl, ‫ شتائل‬šatā’il2
seedling, set, transplant
‫ مشتل‬maštal pl. ‫ مشاتل‬mašātil2 (plant)
nursery, arboretum
‫ شتم‬šatama i u (šatm) and III to abuse, revile,
vilify, scold (‫ ه‬s.o.) VI to vilify one
another, abuse one another, heap curses
upon one another
‫ شتم‬šatm abuse, vilification
‫ شتام‬šattām one who indulges in
frequent abuse or vilification; impudent,
insolent, impertinent, abusive
‫ شتيم‬šatīm abused, reviled, vilified,
insulted
‫ شتيمة‬šatīma pl. ‫ شتائم‬šatā’im2 abuse,
vilification, vituperation, insult
‫ مشاتمة‬mušātama vilification,
vituperation
‫ )شتا )شتو‬šatā u (šatw) to pass the winter, to
winter (‫ ب‬at a place); to hibernate II = I; to
rain V to pass the winter, to winter,
hibernate (‫ ب‬at a place)
‫ شتاء‬šitā’ pl. ‫ اشتية‬aštiya, ‫ شتى‬šutīy
winter; rains, rainy season
‫ شتوي‬šatwī, šatawī wintery, hibernal,
winter (adj.)
‫ مشتى‬maštan pl. ‫ مشات‬mašātin winter
residence, winter quarters; winter resort
‫ شات‬šātin wintery, hibernal
 ‫ مشتى‬mušattan winter residence, winter
quarters; winter resort
2
‫ شتى‬šattā pl. of ‫ شتيت‬šatīt (see ‫)شت‬
‫ شج‬šajja i (šajj) to break, split, cleave, fracture,
bash in (‫ ھـ‬s.th., esp. the skull)
‫ شجة‬šajja pl. ‫ شجاج‬šijāj head wound
which lays open the skull; skull fracture
‫ شجب‬šajaba u (šajb) and II to doom to
destruction, to min, destroy (‫ ه‬s.o.); to
condemn morally, criticize sharply (‫ھـ‬
s.th.) IV to afflict, grieve (‫ ه‬s.o.)
‫ شجب‬šajb destruction, routing, crushing
‫ شجب‬šajab sorrow, grief, worry;
distress, affliction
‫ شجاب‬šijāb pl. ‫ شجب‬šujub clothes hook
(attached to the wall)
2
‫ مشجب‬mišjab pl. ‫ مشاجب‬mašājib clothes
hook, clothes rack
‫ شجر‬šajara u (šajr) to happen, occur; to break
out, develop (unrest) III to quarrel, argue,
dispute (‫ مع‬or ‫ ه‬with s.o.) VI to quarrel,
fight, dispute (with one another); to
quarrel, argue, fight (‫ مع‬with) VIII do.
‫ الحروف الشجرية‬al-ḥurūf aš-šajrīya the
sounds j, š, ḍ (phon.)
‫ شجر‬šajar (coll.; n. un. ‫ )ة‬pl. ‫ اشجار‬ašjār
trees; shrubs, bushes
‫ شجن‬šajina a to be sad, grieved, distressed,
‫ شجرة‬šajara pl. -āt tree; shrub, bush │
‫ شجر النسب‬š. an-nasab genealogical tree
‫ شجر‬šajir woody, wooded, abounding
in trees
2
‫ شجير‬šajīr pl. ‫ شجراء‬šujarā’ bad
companion, bad company
‫ شجيرة‬šujaira pl. -āt shrub, bush
‫ شجار‬šijār (wooden) bar, bolt
2 2
‫ اشجر‬ašjar , f. ‫ شجراء‬šajrā’ woody,
wooded, abounding in trees
‫ تشجير‬tašjīr afforestation
‫ شجار‬šijār fight, quarrel; dispute,
argument; see also above 455
‫ مشاجرة‬mušājara fight, quarrel; dispute,
argument
‫ مشجر‬mušajjar figured with designs of
plants, branched (cloth)
‫ مشجر‬musjir abounding in trees,
wooded
‫ شجران‬šajarān shagreen (leather)
‫ شجع‬šaju‘a u (‫ شجاعة‬šajā‘a) to be courageous,
brave, valiant, hold II to encourage,
embolden, hearten (‫ على ه‬s.o. to); to favor,
support, hack, promote, further (‫ ھـ ه‬s.o.,
s.th.) V to take heart, pluck up courage; to
show o.s. courageous; to be encouraged
‫ شجاع‬šujā‘, šijā‘ pl. ‫ شجعة‬šaja‘a, ‫شجعان‬
šuj‘ān courageous, brave, valiant, bold;
hero; ‫ الشجاع‬Hydra (astron.)
‫ شجيع‬šajī‘ pl. m. ‫ شجعاء‬šuja‘ā’2, ‫شجعان‬
šuj‘ān, pl. f. ‫ شجائع‬šajā’i‘2, ‫ شجاع‬šijā‘
courageous, brave, valiant, bold,
audacious
‫ شجاعة‬sajā‘a courage, bravery, valor,
valiance, boldness, audacity
‫ اشجع‬ašja‘2, f. ‫ شجعاء‬šaj‘ā’2 courageous,
brave, valiant, bold, audacious
‫ اشجع‬ašja‘, išjā‘ pl. ‫ اشاجع‬ašāji‘2
(proximal or lint) phalanx of the finger
‫ تشجيع‬tašjī‘ encouragement, heartening,
animation (‫ على‬to); favoring, furtherance,
promotion, advancement
‫ مشجع‬mušajji‘ encourager; promoter,
supporter, advocate, proponent
worried; to coo (pigeon); -- šajana u
(šajn, ‫ شجون‬šujūn) to sadden, grieve,
distress, worry (‫ ه‬s.o.) II and IV = šajana
‫ شجن‬šajan pl. ‫ شجون‬šujūn, ‫ اشجان‬ašjān
worry, anxiety, apprehension; sorrow,
grief, distress, sadness; (pl. šujun) twig,
branch │‫ الحديث شجون‬conversation drifts
from one topic to another
(‫ شجو‬and ‫ شجى( شجا‬šajā u (‫ شجو‬šajw) to worry,
trouble, grieve, sadden, distress, fill with
anxiety (‫ ه‬s.o.); -- ‫ شجى‬šajiya a (‫ شجا‬šajan)
to be or become worried, troubled,
grieved, sad, distressed, anxious,
apprehensive II to move, touch, grip (‫ه‬
s.o.) IV to grieve, worry, trouble, sadden,
fill with anxiety (‫ ه‬s.o.)
‫ شج‬šajin, f. ‫ شجية‬šajiya worried,
troubled, grieved, sad, anxious,
apprehensive
 ‫ شجو‬šajw grief, worry, distress, anxiety,
apprehension, sadness; fear; affectedness,
emotion; wailing, plaintive, moving strain
(of a tune, of a song, of an instrument)
‫ شجوى‬šajawī worried, troubled, grieved,
distressed, sad
‫ شجا‬and ‫ شجى‬šajān foreign body in the
throat which inhibits breathing; ‫شجا‬
affectedness, emotion, being moved, a
touching, pathetic mood; also = ‫ شجو‬šajw
‫ شجى‬šajīy worried, troubled, grieved,
distressed, sad; anxious, apprehensive,
fearful; gripping, heart-rending, touching,
moving (vocal part, music)
‫ مشج‬mušajjin moving, touching,
gripping, pathetic
‫ شح‬šaḥḥa (1st pers. perf. šaḥaḥtu) u i (šuḥḥ) to
be or become stingy, tight-fisted, ‫ شحر‬II to soot, besmut, blacken with soot (‫ھـ‬
avaricious, miserly, niggardly; to stint,
economize (‫ على‬or ‫ ب‬with or in s.th., ‫على‬
toward s.o.); to be covetous, greedy (‫على‬
or ‫ ب‬for); to become short, run out,
decrease, dwindle III to stint, be
niggardly, be sparing; to withhold (‫ ب‬from
s.o. ‫ على‬s.th.)
‫ شح‬šuḥḥ stinginess, avarice,
niggardliness; greed, covetousness;
scarcity, paucity, sparsity; ebb ‫ شحط‬šaḥṯa a (šaḥṯ) to be far away, distant,
‫ شحيح‬šaḥīḥ pl. ‫ شحاح‬šiḥāḥ, ‫ اشحة‬ašiḥḥa,
‫ اشحاء‬ašiḥḥā’2, pl. f. ‫ شحائح‬šaḥā’iḥ2 stingy,
tight-fisted, niggardly, miserly, avaricious
(‫ على‬or ‫ ب‬with, ‫ على‬toward): 456 short,
scarce, meager, sparse; greedy, covetous (
‫ على‬or) │ ‫( األيام الشحائح‬ayyām) the rainless
days, the dry season
‫ مشاحة‬mušāḥḥa: ‫ال مشاحة في ذلك‬.
(mušāḥḥata) that is incontestable; ‫ال مشاحة‬
‫ ان‬it is incontestable that ...,
indisputably ...; ‫ وال مشاحة‬incontestably,
indisputably
‫ شحب‬šaḥaba u a (‫ شحوب‬šuḥūb), šaḥūba
u (‫ شحوبة‬šuḥūba) and pass. šuḥiba to be or
become pale, wan, sallow, emaciated,
lean, haggard; to look ill, sickly
‫ شحوب‬šuḥūb paleness, pallor, wanness,
sallowness, emaciation
‫ شاحب‬šāḥib pl. ‫ شواحب‬šawāḥib2 pale,
wan, sallow; emaciated, lean, haggard;
dim, pale (e.g., light); dull, faded (color);
wan (smile)
□‫ شحت‬šaḥata (= ‫ )شحذ‬to beg, ask for
alms
□‫ شحات‬šaḥḥāt pl. ‫ ة‬beggar │ □ ‫شحات‬
‫ العين‬š. al-‘ain sty (med.)
‫ شحذ‬šaḥada a (šaḥd) to whet, sharpen,
practice, train, strengthen (‫ ھـ‬s.th., also,
e.g., the intellect, one’s forces); to hone,
strop (‫ ھـ‬a knife); to beg, ask for alms (‫ه‬
s.o.)
‫ شحاذ‬šaḥḥād (importunate) beggar │
‫ شحاذ العين‬š. al-‘ain sty (med.)
‫ شحاذة‬beggary
‫ مشحذ‬mišḥad, ‫ مشحذة‬mišḥada whetstone,
hone
s.th.)
‫ شحار‬šuḥḥār soot
‫ مشحر‬mašḥar charcoal kiln, pile
‫ مشحري‬mašḥarī charcoal burner
‫ شحرور‬šuḥrūr pl. ‫ شحارير‬šaḥārīr2 thrush,
blackbird (zool.)
‫ مشحر‬mušaḥḥar sooty
remote; to strike (‫ ھـ‬a match); to strand, be
stranded, run aground (ship); to ground on
a sandbank II to strand, be stranded, run
aground (ship); to ground on a sandbank;
to strand (‫ ھـ‬a ship)
‫ شحطة‬šaḥṭa pl. -āt stripe, braid (on a
uniform)
‫ شحاطة‬šaḥḥāṭa pl. -āt (syr.) match,
lucifer
‫ شحيطة‬šuḥḥaiṭa (syr.) match, lucifer
‫ شاحط‬šāḥiṭ far (away), distant, remote,
outlying, out-of-the-way; stranded
‫ شحم‬šaḥuma u (‫ شحامة‬šaḥāma) to be or become
fat II to grease, lubricate (‫ ھـ‬s.th.)
‫ شحم‬šaḥm pl. ‫ شحوم‬šuḥum, ‫شحومات‬
šuḥūmāt fat, suet, grease; axle grease,
lubricant; tallow, sebum; lard; pulp (of
fruit)
‫ شحمة‬šaḥma (n. un.) a piece of fat, etc.
(see ‫ شحم( │ شحمة األذن‬š. al-udun earlobe;
 ‫ شحمة األرض‬s. al-arḍ truffle; ‫ شحمة العين‬š.
al-‘ain eyeball
‫ شحمي‬šaḥmī fatty, sebaceous, stearic
‫ شحم‬šaḥim pulpy, mushy, pappy (fruit)
‫ شحيم‬šaḥīm fat, fatty
2
O ‫ مشحمة‬mišḥama pl. ‫ مشاحم‬mašāḥim
grease box (of a wheel)
‫ تشحيم‬tašḥīm lubrication, greasing,
oiling (of a machine) │ ‫زيوت التشحيم‬
lubricating oils, lubricants
‫ تشحم‬tašaḥḥum fatness, obesity
‫ مشحم‬mušaḥḥam fat, fatty, greasy
‫ مشحم‬mušḥim pulpy, mushy, pappy
(fruit)
‫ شحن‬šaḥana a (šaḥn) to fill up (‫ ھـ ب‬s.th. with);
to load, freight (‫ ھـ ب‬so ship with); to ship,
freight, consign (‫ ھـ‬goods); to 457 load,
charge (‫ ب ھـ‬s.th. with, el.); to drive away,
chase away, repel (‫ ه‬s.o.) III to hate (‫ه‬
s.o.); to quarrel, argue, fight (‫ ه‬with s.o.)
IV to fill up (‫ ب ھـ‬s.th. with); to load,
freight (‫ ب ھـ‬s.th. with) VI to hate one
another; to quarrel, have a feud
‫ شحن‬šaḥn loading, freighting; shipment,
freightage; cargo, lading, load, freight │
‫ بوليسة الشحن‬būlīsat aš-š. sill of lading; ‫سيارة‬
‫ شحن‬sayyārat š. truck, lorry
‫ شحنة‬šaḥna pl. šaḥanāt cargo, lading,
load, freight; charge (el.)
‫ شحنة‬šiḥna police, police force
‫ شحناء‬šaḥnā’2 grudge, rancor, hatred,
enmity
‫ مشاحنة‬mušāḥana pl. -āt grudge, rancor,
hatred, enmity; quarrel, feud, controversy
‫ شاحن‬šāḥin loaded, laden, freighted
(esp. ship) │ O ‫ شاحن المركم‬š. al-markam
battery charger
‫ شاحنة‬šāḥina pl. -āt truck, lorry;
baggage car
‫ مشحون‬mašḥūn loaded, laden, freighted
(esp. ship); charged (el.); pl. ‫مشحونات‬
cargo, lading, load, freight
‫ شحور‬šaḥwara to soot, besmut, blacken with
soot (‫ ھـ‬s.th.)
‫ شحور‬šaḥwar blackbird (zool.)
‫ شحور‬šaḥwār soot, smut
‫ شخ‬šakka u (šakk) to urinate, piss, make water
‫ شخ‬šakk urine, piss
‫ شخاخ‬šakāk urine, piss
‫ مشخخة‬miškaka public lavatory
‫ شخب‬šakaba u a (šakb) to flow, stream, run,
pour forth, gush forth
‫ شخبط‬šakbaṭa to scribble, scrawl (in writing)
‫ شختور‬šaktūr, ‫ شختورة‬pl. ‫ شخاتير‬šakātīr large,
flat-bottomed (wooden) barge; punt
‫ شخر‬šakara i (‫ شخير‬šakīr) to snore; to snort; to
neigh, whinny; to bray (donkey)
‫ شخشخ‬šakšaka to rattle, clatter, clank
‫( شخشخية‬eg.) šukšēka pl. ‫ شخاشخ‬šakāšik
rattle (toy); toy, plaything; skylight
‫ شخص‬šakaṣa a (‫ شخوص‬šukūṣ) to rise, tower
up; to become high, lofty; to rise, ascend
(star); to appear (‫ ل‬to s.c.); to stare, gaze (
‫ الى‬at, of the eye), be fixed (‫ الى‬on, of the
glance); to be glazed (eyes of a dying
person); to start out, leave, depart (‫ الى‬to
see s.o., for a place), travel, journey (‫ الى‬to
s.o., to a place); to pass (‫ من الى‬from one
state or condition into another) │ ‫شخص‬
‫( بصره‬baṣarahū) or ‫ شخص ببصره‬to fix
one’s eyes, one’s glance (‫ الى‬on), look
fixedly (‫ الى‬at s.o.), stare, gaze (‫ الى‬at) II to
represent as a person or individual,
personify (‫ ھـ‬s.th.); to specify (‫ ھـ‬s.th.),
identify (‫ ه‬،‫ ھـ‬s.o., s.th.); to act, play (‫ ھـ‬a
part, of the actor); to perform (actor) │
‫( شخص مرضا‬maraḍan) to diagnose a
disease IV to send off, send out, dispatch (
‫ ه‬s.o.) V to appear, be revealed, show o.s. (
‫ ل‬to s.o.)
‫ شخص‬šakṣ pl. ‫ اشخاص‬aškāṣ, ‫شخوص‬
šukūṣ individual, person; figure; character
(of a play); someone, somebody
‫ شخصي‬šakṣī personal, private, of one’s
own; ‫ شخصيا‬šakṣīyan personally │ ‫قانون‬
‫ )نظام( األحوال الشخصية‬personal statute
‫ شخصية‬šakšīya pl. -āt individuality,
personality (also = personage); distinctive
way of life, peculiarity, distinctive
character, personal stamp; identity │
‫( شخصية اعتبارية‬i‘tibārīya) legal person
(jur.); ‫ تحقيق الشخصية‬identification of a
 person; ‫ شھادة تحقيق الشخصية‬šahādat t. aš-š.
identity card; ‫ قلم تحقيق الشخصية‬qalam t. aš-
š. bureau of identification 458
‫ شخصاتي‬šakṣātī (comic) actor,
comedian
‫ تشخيص‬taškīṣ personification; exact
designation, specification; identification;
diagnosis; acting, performance (on stage),
play(ing) (of an actor)
‫ تشخيصي‬diagnostic │ ‫طبيب تشخيصي‬
diagnostician
‫ شاخص‬šākiṣ fixed, glazed (glance);
pole, stake (eg.)
‫ مشخص‬mušakkiṣ actor, player;
representative
‫ مشخصة‬mušakkaṣa pl. -āt actress,
player; personality
‫ مشخصات‬mušakkiṣāt qualities or factors
lending s.th. its distinctive character,
peculiarities, characteristics
‫ شخط‬šakaṭa (eg.) to shout, bark, bellow (‫ في‬at
s.o.)
‫ شخلل‬šaklala (eg.) to jingle, tinkle; to clatter,
rattle (‫ ب‬with); to coquet, flirt
‫ شخليلة‬šaklīla (eg.) jingle, jangle,
tinkling
‫ شد‬šadda i (‫ شدة‬šidda) to be or become
firm, fast, solid, hard, strong, vigorous,
rosust, vehement, violent, intense; --
šadda u i (šadd) to make firm, hard,
strong, solidify, harden, srace (‫ ھـ‬s.th.),
strengthen, fortify (‫ ه‬,‫ ھـ‬s.o., s.th.); to
tighten, pull taut, draw tight (‫ ھـ‬s.th., e.g.,
the sow); to fasten, tie, sind (‫ الى‬or ‫على ھـ‬
s.th. on, to), lash (‫ على ھـ‬s.th. on); to saddle
(‫ على‬an animal); to put emphasis (‫على كلمة‬
‘alā kalimatin on word), emphasize, stress
(‫ على كلمة‬a word); to pull, drag (‫ ه من‬s.o. sy
the coat); to charge, launch an attack (‫على‬
against, on), assault, attack (‫ على‬s.o., s.th.);
to press (‫ على‬s.th. or upon s.th.), exert
pressure (‫ على‬on); to insist (‫ في‬on s.th.) │
‫ شد ما‬šadda-mā and ‫( لشد ما‬la-šadda) (with
foll. vers) how much ...! very often ...;
very much, exceedingly, vehemently,
violently; ‫ لشد ما كان سرورنا اذ‬tremendous
was our joy when …; ‫( شد ازره‬azrahū) or
‫ شد من ازره‬to help, support, encourage,
sack up s.o.; ‫( شد ازره‬azruhū) to be
energetic, vigorous, courageous; ‫شد الزمام‬
to tighten the reins, master the situation;
‫ شد من عزائمه‬to strengthen s.o.’s
determination; ‫‘( شدعضده‬aḍudahū) to
strengthen, support, solster, assist s.o.; ‫شد‬
‫( على راحلته‬be saddled his female riding
camel =) he started out on the journey; ‫شد‬
‫ على راحلته‬to start out, depart, leave (‫الى‬
for); ‫( شد وثاقه‬watāqahū) to shackle, fetter
s.o.; ‫( شد يده على‬yadahū) to adhere, cling to
s.th.; ‫( شد على يديه‬yadaihi) to clasp s.o.’s
hands II to strengthen, intensify (‫ ھـ‬s.th.),
make (‫ ھـ‬s.th.) strong, hard, harsh, severe;
(gram.) to intensify, dousle, geminate (‫ ھـ‬a
consonant); to exert pressure ( ‫على‬on),
press (‫ على‬upon); to be hard, strict, stern (
‫ على في‬toward s.o. in); to impress (‫على ب‬
upon s.o. s.th.) │ ‫( شدد في طلبه‬ṭalasihī) to
demand s.th. emphatically or inexorasly;
‫( شدد من عزيمته‬šuddida) he was
strengthened in his determination III to
argue, have an argument, an exchange of
words (‫ ه‬with s.o.) V to be hard, harsh,
strict, severe, stern (‫ على‬toward); to be or
become violent, vehement, intense,
strong; to show o.s. stem, harsh, hard,
inexorasle, be relentless, remain unmoved,
unrelenting VI to argue with one another
VIII to be or become hard, harsh,
rigorous, intense, forceful, severe, strong,
vehement, violent, passionate; to become
harder, harsher, more rigorous, more
intense, more forceful, severer, stronger,
more vehement, more violent, more
passionate; to intensify, increase, grow; to
become aggravated, more critical; to
become tormenting, excruciating,
distressing, unbearable 459 (‫ على‬for s.o.),
take a turn for the worse (disease, ‫ على‬with
s.o.); to be advanced (time of the day); to
run, race, dash │ ‫( اشتد ساعده‬sā‘iduhū) to
become strong, vigorous
‫ شد‬šadd: ‫ شد الحبل‬š. al-ḥabl tug of war
‫ شدة‬šadda (n. vic.) strengthening,
intensification; stress, emphasis; pulling,
dragging, tugging; tightness, tautness;
stress, strain; doubling sign over a
consonant (gram.) │ ‫ شدة ورق اللعب‬š.
waraq al-la‘b deck of cards
‫ شدة‬šidda strength, forcefulness, power,
vehemence, violence, intensity, severity,
force, high degree, (pl. ‫ شدائد‬šadā’id2)
misfortune, calamity, misery, adversity,
distress, hardship, affliction, discomfort
‫ شداد‬šadād pl. ‫ اشدة‬ašidda riding saddle
(of a camel)
‫ شديد‬šadīd pl. ‫ اشداء‬ašiddā’2, ‫ شداد‬šidād
strong, powerful, forceful, vigorous, stem,
severe, rigorous, hard, harsh, violent,
vehement, intense; bad, evil, ominous,
calamitous, difficult (‫ على‬for s.o.); with
foll. subst. frequently corresponding to
Engl. “very”, e.g., ‫ شديد االعتناء‬very
attentive, very careful │ ‫( ارض شديدة‬arḍ)
solid or firm ground; ‫ شديد البأس‬š. al-ba’s
courageous, stouthearted, bold, audacious,
brave, valiant; ‫ شديد الشكيمة‬stubborn,
obstinate, unbending, unyielding,
relentless; ‫ شديد اللھجة‬š. al-lahja strongly
worded, vehement in language, sharp in
tone; ‫ شديد الوطأة‬š. al-waṭ’a cruel
‫ شديدة‬šadīda pl. ‫ شدائد‬šadā’id2
misfortune, calamity, misery, adversity,
distress, hardship, affliction, discomfort
‫ اشد‬ašadd2 stronger, more intense,
severer, harder, worse │ used with foll.
indeterminate abstract substantives as
paraphrase of simple elatives, e.g., ‫اشد سوادا‬
(sawādan) blacker, ‫( اشد غضبا‬gaḍaban)
more wrathful, angrier; ‫اشد ما يكون‬
extremely, exceedingly, very much, e.g.,
‫( روحھم اشد ما يكون تعطشا الى العلم‬rūḥuhum,
ta‘attušan, ‘ilm) they are extremely eager
for knowledge
‫ اشد‬ašudd physical maturity, virility │
‫ بلغ اشده‬to attain full maturity, come of
legal age; to reach its climax
‫ مشد‬mišadd pl. -āt corset, stays
‫ تشديد‬tašdīd intensification,
strengthening; (gram.) intensified
pronunciation, germination, doubling (of a
consonant); doubling sign over a
consonant; pressure (‫ على‬on)
‫ مشادة‬mušādda exchange of words,
squabble, argument, quarrel, fight,
controversy, conflict
‫ اشتداد‬ištidād aggravation,
intensification, increase; deterioration
‫ مشدود‬mašdūd tense, tight, taut
‫ مشدد‬mušaddid: ‫ ظروف مشددة‬aggravating
circumstances
‫ مشدد‬mušaddad doubled (letter; gram.);
emphatic, intense; severe, stern
‫ متشدد‬mutašaddid pl. -ūn stem zealot,
bigot, proponent of a stern viewpoint
‫ شدح‬šadaka a (šadk) to break, shatter, smash,
crush (‫ ھـ‬s.th.) II do.
‫ شادر‬šādir pl. ‫ شوادر‬šawādir2 tent; storehouse,
warehouse, magazine
‫ شادوف‬šādūf pl. ‫ شوادف‬šawādīr (eg.) shadoof,
counterpoised sweep for raising irrigation
water
‫ شدق‬V to announce (‫ ب‬s.th.) in a boastful,
bragging, loud-mouthed manner, to vaunt
(‫ ب‬s.th.); to chatter, prattle │ ‫تشدق بالكالم‬
(kalām) to enunciate overcarefully, speak
affectedly; to be agape
‫ شدق‬šidq pl. ‫ اشداق‬ašdāq corner of the
mouth; jawbone │ ‫ضحك بملء )ملء( شدقيه‬
٤٦٠ ḍaḥika bi-mil’i (mil’a) šidqaihi to
grin from ear to ear
‫ اشدق‬ašdaq2, f. ‫ شدقاء‬šadqā’2 having a
large mouth, largemouthed
‫ متشدق‬mutaš8addiq pl. -ūn braggart,
boaster, bigmouth
‫ شدن‬šadana u to be weaned, be on its own feet
(young animal)
‫ شادن‬šādin pl. ‫ شوادن‬šawādin2 gazelle
fawn
‫ شده‬šadaha a to confuse, perplex, baffle (‫ ه‬s.o.)
‫ مشدوه‬mašdūh perplexed, appalled,
baffled
‫ )شدا )شدو‬šadā u (šadw) to sing; to chant (‫ھـ‬
s.th.); to acquire or have education,
become or be educated (‫ في‬in a field) │ ‫شدا‬
‫ شيئا من العربية‬to know a little Arabic, have
a smattering of Arabic
‫ شدو‬šadw song, chant
‫ شاد‬šādin pl. ‫ شادون‬šādūn educated,
trained (e.g., ‫ في اللغة‬linguistically) │‫ليلة‬
‫ شادية‬laila šādiya soirée of vocal music
‫ شادية‬šādiya songstress, singer
‫ شدياق‬šidyāq pl. ‫ شدايقة‬šadāyiqa sub deacon
(Chr.)
‫ شذ‬šadda i u (šadd, ‫ شذوذ‬šudūd) to segregate,
separate, isolate o.s. (‫ عن‬from), be
 separated, isolated (‫ عن‬from), be outside
s.th. (‫)عن‬, elude (‫ عن‬s.th.); to be alone; to
be irregular, deviate, stand out (‫ على‬or ‫عن‬
from), be an exception (‫ على‬or ‫ عن‬to); to
be wanting, lacking; to decrease, dwindle
‫ شذ‬šadd irregularity, deviation,
anomaly, exception (‫ عن‬to)
‫ شذوذ‬irregularity, deviation, anomaly,
exception (‫ عن‬to); curiosity, eccentricity,
eccentric character
‫ شاذ‬šādd pl. ‫ شذاذ‬šudād, ‫ شواذ‬šawādd2
isolated, separate(d), detached, alone;
irregular, abnormal, anomalous, unusual,
extraordinary, exceptional, singular,
curious, queer, odd, peculiar, strange,
eccentric; noncanonical (version); pl. ‫شواذ‬
exceptions │ ‫ شاذ األخالق‬of deviant (=
inferior) character; ‫ شاذ الطبع‬š. aṭ-ṯab‘, ‫شاذ‬
‫ شاذ األطوار‬،‫ الطبع‬eccentric, extravagant,
crazy; ‫ شذاذ اآلفاق‬the foreigners, the
strangers
‫ شواذات‬šawāddāt peculiarities,
idiosyncrasies
‫ شذب‬šadaba i u (šadb) to out off, sever (‫ھـ‬
s.th.); to trim, clip, prune, lop (‫ ھـ‬hedges,
trees); to adept, doctor, modify (‫ ھـ‬s.th.) II
do.
‫ شذر‬V to be scattered, be dispersed; to scatter,
disperse
‫ شذرة‬šadra pl. šadarāt, ‫ شذور‬šudūr
particle, bit, tiny piece; fragment, section
‫ تفرقوا شذر مذر‬tafarraqū šadara madara,
šidara midara they scattered in all
directions
‫ شذو‬šadw fragrance of musk
‫ شذا‬šadan flagrance, scent, aroma
‫ شذى‬šadīy fragrant, aromatic
‫ شر‬šarra (1st pers. perf. šarirtu) a, (1st pers.
perf. šarurtu) u (šarr, ‫ شرة‬širra) to be bad,
evil, wicked, vicious, malicious,
malignant
‫ شر‬šarr pl. ‫ شرور‬šurūr evil, ill,
mischief; calamity, disaster; iniquity,
injustice; harm, damage, injury;
wickedness, viciousness, malice; vice, sin;
-- (pl. ‫ اشرار‬ašrār) bad, evil, wicked,
vicious, malicious; evildoer, culprit; --
šarr (as elative) worse, more evil │ ‫ھزمھم‬
‫(شر ھزيمة‬šarra hazīmatin) he brought utter
defeat upon them 461
‫ شراني‬šarrānī evil, vicious, malicious
‫ شرة‬širra evil, ill, mischief; calamity,
disaster; iniquity, injustice; harm, damage,
injury; wickedness, viciousness, malice;
vice, sin; vivacity enthusiasm, fire of
youth
‫ شرير‬šarīr pl. ‫ اشراء‬aširrā’2 bad, evil,
wicked, vicious, malicious
‫ شرير‬širrīr very bad, very evil, very
wicked, very vicious, very malicious;
scoundrel; ‫ الشرير‬the Evil One (= Satan)
‫ شرر‬šarar (coll.; n. un. ‫ )ة‬sparks
‫ شررى‬šararī spark (used attributively)
‫ شرار‬šarār (coll.; n. un. ‫ )ة‬sparks
‫ شرارة‬šarāra pl. -āt spark │ ‫شمعة الشرارة‬
šam‘at aš-š. spark plug; ‫ مفتاح الشرارة‬miftāḥ
aš-š. ignition key (automobile)
‫ شراري‬šarārī spark (used attributively)
‫ شرار‬šarrār sparkling, scintillating,
emitting sparks
‫ اشرأب‬išra’abba to stretch one’s neck in order
to see s.th. (‫ ل‬or ‫)الى‬, crane one’s neck for
(‫ ل‬or ‫ ;)الى‬to carry one’s head high (out of
vanity); to leer (‫ الى‬at)
‫ شراب‬šurrāb pl. -āt stocking, sock
‫ شراس‬širās glue, paste
1
‫ شرب‬šariba a (šurb, ‫ مشرب‬mašrab) to drink (
‫ ھـ‬s.th.); to sip (‫ ھـ‬s.th.) │ ‫شرب في حبه‬
(ḥubbihī) to drink s.o.’s health, toast s.o.;
‫( شرب الدخان‬dukāna) to smoke; ‫شرب نخبه‬
(nakbahū) to drink s.o.’s health, toast s.o.
II to give (‫ ه ھـ‬s.o. s.th.) to drink, make or
let drink (‫ ه ھـ‬s.o. s.th.); to drench, soak,
saturate, impregnate (‫ ب ھـ‬s.th. with); to
inculcate, imbue (‫ ه ھـ‬s.o. with s.th.) III to
drink in s.o.’s (‫ )ه‬company, have a drink (‫ه‬
with s.o.) IV to give (‫ ه ھـ‬s.o. s.th.) to
drink, make or let drink (‫ ه ھـ‬s.o. s.th.); to
drench, soak, saturate, impregnate (‫ ب‬or ‫ھـ‬
‫ ھـ‬s.th. with); to inculcate, imbue (‫ ھـ ه‬s.o.
with); pass. ušriba to be or become full (‫ھـ‬
of s.th.), be filled, imbued, infused (‫ ھـ‬with
s.th.), be dominated, permeated (‫ ھـ‬by
s.th.) │ ‫( اشربه ما لم يشرب‬yašrab) to
attribute s.th. wrongly to s.o. V to soak up,
 absorb, imbibe (‫ ھـ‬s.th.); to be permeated,
imbued, infused (‫ ب‬،‫ ھـ‬with s.th.) ; to be
full
(‫ ب‬of), be filled, replete (‫ ب‬with)
‫ شرب‬šurb drinking, drink; absorption
‫ شربة‬šarba drink; sip, draught, swallow;
dose, potion (of a medicine); laxative,
purgative, aperient
‫ شربة‬šurba drink; sip, draught, swallow;
dose, potion (of a medicine)
‫ شراب‬šarāb pl. ‫ اشربة‬ašriba beverage,
drink; wine; fruit juice, fruit syrup, sherbet
│ ‫ شراب التفاح‬š. at-tuffāḥ apple juice; cider;
‫ شراب البرتقال‬š. al-burtuqāl orangeade
‫ شراب‬šarrāb drunkard, heavy drinker
‫ شريب‬šarīb drinkable, potable
‫ شرابة‬šarrāba, šurraba pl. ‫شراريب‬
šarārīb2 tassel, tuft, bob │ ‫ شرابة الراعي‬š.
ar-rā‘ī (European) holly (Ilex
aquifolium; bot.)
‫ شريب‬širrīb drunkard, heavy drinker
‫ مشرب‬mašrab drink (as opposed to
food); (pl. ‫ مشارب‬mašārib2) drinking place,
water hole, drinking trough, drinking
fountain; restaurant, bar; inclination, taste;
movement, school (e.g., in philosophy)
‫ مشربة‬mašraba pl. ‫ مشارب‬mašārib2
drinking place, water hole, drinking
trough, drinking fountain
‫ مشربية‬mašrabīya, mušrabīya and ‫مشربة‬
mašraba moucharaby, projecting oriel
window with a wooden latticework
enclosure; wooden oriel; attic room; 462
mašrabīya a kind of drinking vessel; vase,
pot for flowers
‫ تشرب‬tašarrub absorption, soaking up,
imbibing
‫ شارب‬šārib pl. -ūn, ‫ شرب‬šarb, ‫شروب‬
šurūb drinking; drinker; (pl. ‫شوارب‬
šawārib2) mustache, frequently dual:
‫شاربان‬
‫ مشروب‬mašrūb pl. -āt drink, beverage │
‫( مشروبات روحية‬rūḥīya) alcoholic beverage,
liquors
2
‫ شربة‬šorba soup
‫ شوربة‬šorba (eg.), ‫ شوربا‬šōraba (syr.)
soup
3
‫ شراب‬šurrāb pl. -āt stocking, sock
‫ شربك‬šarbaka to (en)tangle, snarl (‫ ھـ‬s.th.), to
complicate (‫ ھـ‬s.th.)
‫ شربين‬šarbīn a variety of larch (bot.)
1
‫ شرج‬šaraj pl. ‫ اشراج‬ašrāj loop, ring, eyelet;
buttonhole; anus
‫ شرجي‬šarajī anal
2
‫ شيرج‬look up alphabetically
‫ شرح‬šaraḥa a (šarḥ) to cut in slices, slice, cut
up (‫ ھـ‬s.th.); to cut open, rip open (‫ ھـ‬s.th.);
to bare, expose, make clearly visible or
discernible (‫ ھـ‬s.th.), to expound (‫ ھـ‬s.th.);
to explain, elucidate, illustrate, make
plain, set forth, describe, depict (‫ ھـ‬s.th.);
to comment (‫ ھـ‬on), interpret (‫ ھـ‬s.th.), to
open, lay open (‫ صدره‬s.o. ṣadrahū s.o.’s
heart, ‫ ل‬to or for the acceptance of) │ ‫شرح‬
‫( خاطره‬kāṭirahū) to gladden, delight s.o. II
to cut in slices, slice, cut up (‫ ھـ‬s.th.); to
dissect, dismember, anatomize (‫ ھـ‬a
corpse) VII to be opened (heart); to be
relaxed; to be glad, happy │ ‫انشرح صدره‬
(ṣadruhū) and ‫( انشرح خاطره‬kāṭiruhū) to be
or become glad, happy or delighted,
rejoice
‫ شرح‬šarḥ expounding, presentation,
explanation, illustration, elucidation,
exposition, setting forth; commentation;
(pl. (‫ شروح‬šurūḥ) commentary
‫ شرحي‬šarḥī explanatory, explicatory,
illustrative
‫ شرحة‬šarḥa long, thin slice, rasher
‫ شريحة‬šarīḥa pl. ‫ شرائح‬šarā’iḥ long, thin
slice (e.g., of fruit, etc.), rasher; girth,
cinch; O (microscope) slide
O ‫ مشرحة‬mašraḥa operating room;
operating table; autopsy room
‫ تشريح‬tašrīḥ dissection; anatomy;
autopsy, post-mortem examination │ ‫علم‬
‫‘ التشريح‬ilm at-t. anatomy, O ‫ تشريح المقابلة‬t.
al.muqābala comparative anatomy
‫ تشريحي‬tašrīhī dissecting, anatomizing,
dissective, dissectional, anatomic(al)
‫ انشراح‬inširāḥ relaxedness, relaxation,
joy, delight, glee, gaiety
 ‫ شارح‬šāriḥ pl. ‫ شراح‬šurrāḥ explainer,
expounder, interpreter, commentator,
expositor
‫ مشرح‬mušarriḥ anatomist
1 ‫ مشرد البال‬confused, disconcerted
‫ شرخ‬šaraka u (‫ شرخ‬šurūk) to become a youth.
grow from childhood to maturity
‫ شرخ‬šark prime of youth, spring of life
2
‫ شرح‬šaraka a (eg.) to crack, splinter, become
cracked
‫ شرخ‬šark pl. ‫ شروخ‬šurūk (eg.) crack,
break, fissure, fracture
‫ شرد‬šarada u (‫ شراد‬šarrād, ‫ شرود‬šurūd) to bolt
(horse), to run away, flee, take to flight,
take to one’s heels, break loose, escape; to
roam, rove, wander, stray, go astray; to be
distracted (thoughts) │ ‫( شرد ذھنه‬dihnahū)
to be absent-minded ‫( شرد به الفكر‬fikru) he
became lost in thought II to frighten away,
chase away, drive away (‫ ه‬s.o.); to scare (‫ه‬
s.o.), frighten (‫ ه‬s.o.) into a panic IV to
chase away, drive 463 away (‫ ه‬s.o.) V to
roam, tramp about, lead a vagabond life
‫ شرود‬šarūd pl. ‫ شرد‬šurūd running away;
straying; astray, deviant, aberrant, strange,
peculiar
‫ شرود‬šurūd roaming, straying,
wandering │ ‫ شرود الفكر‬š. al-fikr absent-
mindedness, distractedness
‫ شريد‬šarīd fugitive, expatriated,
displaced, expelled; loafer, tramp, vagrant,
vagabond
‫ تشريد‬tašrīd expulsion, banishment,
eviction; vagrancy, vagabondage │ ‫حياة‬
‫ التشريد‬ḥayāt at-t. the unsettled life, life of
a vagabond
‫ تشرد‬tašarrud vagrancy, vagabondage
‫ شارد‬šārid pl. ‫ شرد‬šurud, šurrad, ‫شوارد‬
šawārid2 fugitive, straying, astray;
intimidated, frightened, helpless at a loss;
a fugitive, runaway, deserter; defector;
vagrant, tramp, vagabond │ ‫ شارد الفكر‬š.
al-fikr absent-minded, distracted; ‫شوارد‬
‫ اللغة‬š. al-luga irregularities of the
language, linguistic anomalies; ‫شارد النظر‬
‫ ))النظرات‬š. an-naẓar (an-naẓarāt) with a
blank stare; gazing into the void
2
‫ شاردة‬šārida pl. ‫ شوارد‬šawarid
peculiarity, anomaly, exception │ ‫ال تفوته‬
‫( شاردة وال واردة‬tafūtuhū) nothing escapes
him, he doesn’t miss a thing
‫ مشرد‬mušarrad fugitive, refugee,
displaced person; neglected, unkempt │
‫ متشرد‬mutašarrid pl. -ūn homeless
person, tramp, vagrant, vagabond;
adventurer
‫ شردق‬II tašardaqa to swallow the wrong way;
to choke (to death)
‫ شرذم‬II tašardama to be jagged, indented
‫ شرذمة‬širdima pl. ‫ شراذم‬šarādim 2, ‫شراذيم‬
šarādīm2 small group, gang, party, troop;
little band
1
‫ شرس‬šarisa a (šaras, ‫ شراسة‬šarāsa) to be
vicious, malicious, mischievous, ill-
tempered, unsociable, quarrelsome,
petulant, peevish VI to be cross, quarrel (
‫ مع‬with)
‫ شرس‬šaras = ‫شراسة‬
‫ شرس‬šaris vicious, malicious,
mischievous, ill-tempered, unsociable,
quarrelsome, petulant, peevish; wild,
ferocious, fierce
‫ شريس‬šarīs = ‫ شرس‬šaris
‫ شراسة‬šarāsa wickedness, malice,
viciousness, meanness, baseness, villainy;
ill-temperedness, unsociableness,
querulousness, petulance, peevishness
2
‫ شراس‬širās glue, paste, see ‫ سيراس‬،‫سراس‬
‫ شرسوف‬šursūf pl. ‫ شراسيف‬šarāsīf2 rib cartilage
‫ شراسيفي‬šarāsīfī epigastric, pertaining to
the anterior walls of the abdomen
‫ شرش‬II to take root
‫ شرش‬širš ‫ شرش‬pl. ‫ شروش‬šurūš root │
‫ شرش اللبن‬š. al-laban whey
‫ شرشور‬šuršur pl. ‫ شراشير‬šarāšīr chaffinch
(zool.)
‫ شرشير‬šaršīr (eg.) wild duck (zool.)
‫ شراشير‬šarāšīr2 soul, self, nature (of a
person)
‫ شرشف‬šaršaf pl. ‫ شراشف‬šarāšif bedsheet
‫ شرط‬šaraṭa i u (šarṭ) to tear (‫ ھـ‬s.th.); to make
incicions (‫ ھـ‬in), scratch, scarify (‫ ھـ‬s.th.);
to slit open, rip open (‫ ھـ‬s.th.); to impose
as a condition, as an obligation (‫ ھـ على‬on
s.o. s.th.), make conditional (‫ ھـ على‬for s.o.
s.th.); to stipulate (‫ ھـ‬s.th.) II to tear to
shreds (‫ ھـ‬s.th.); to scratch, scarify (‫ھـ‬
s.th.); to make incisions (‫ ھـ‬in) III to fix
mutual conditions.; to make a contract,
conclude an agreement; to bet, wager (‫ه‬
with s.o.) V to impose severe oonditiono
or terms │ ‫‘( تشرط في عمله‬amalihī) to be
meticulous in one’s 464 work, do one’s
work painstakingly VIII to impose as a
condition, as an obligation (‫ على ھـ‬on s.o.
s.th.); to make conditional (‫ على ھـ‬for s.o.
s.th.); to stipulate (‫ ھـ‬s.th.); pass, ušturiṭa
to be prerequisite, preconditional (‫ ل‬for)
‫ شرط‬šarṭ pl. ‫ شروط‬šurūṭ incision (in the
skin); long cut, rip, clash, slit; condition,
precondition; provision, proviso, clause;
stipulation (of a contract) │ ‫شرطا ان‬
(šarṯan), ‫ بشرط‬،‫ على شرط‬on the condition
that ..., provided that ...; ‫من دون )بدون( شرط‬
unconditional; ‫( بال شرط او قيد‬au qaidin)
with no strings attached; unconditional
(obedience, surrender, etc.); ‫شرط الخيار‬
proviso of the right of withdrawal (from a
contract, a commercial transaction, an
obligation, and the like, Isl. Law)
‫ شرط‬šaraṭ pl. ‫ اشراط‬ašrāṭ sign, portent
│ ‫ اشراط الساعة‬the portents of the Day of
Judgment
‫ شرطي‬šarṭī conditional │ ‫جملة شرطية‬
(jumla) conditional clause (gram.)
‫ شرطية‬šarṭīya contract, agreement
‫ شرطة‬šarṭa pl. ‫ شرط‬šuraṭ stroke, line;
hyphen; dash
‫ شرطة‬šurṭa police, policemen │ ‫دار‬
‫ الشرطة‬police station; ‫ تقرير الشرطة‬police
report
‫ شرطي‬šurṭī, šuraṭī pl. -ūn policeman,
officer
‫ شريط‬pl. ‫ شرائط‬šarā’iṭ, ‫ اشرطة‬ašriṭa
band, ribbon, tape; cord, string; leash,
line; thong, strap; braid, galloon, chevron,
stripe; ribbon (of an order), medal ribbon,
service ribbon; (railway) track, line; film
strip; film (also ‫( ;)شريط سينمائي‬magnetic)
tape │ ‫( شريط مصغر‬muṣaggar) microfilm;
‫ شريط القياس‬tape measure; measuring tape;
‫ شريط ناطق‬pl. ‫ شرائط ناطقة‬sound film; sound
track; magnetic tape; ‫ شريط النار‬fuse; ‫دودة‬
‫ الشريط‬dūdat aš-š. tapeworm
‫ شريطة‬šarīṭa condition │ ‫ على شريطة‬on
the condition that ...
‫ مشرط‬mašraṭ program
‫ مشرط‬mišraṭ pl. ‫ مشارط‬mašāriṭ2 lancet,
scalpel
‫ تشريط‬tašrīṭ scarification, incision
‫ مشارطة‬mušāraṭa agreement,
arrangement
‫ اشتراط‬ištirāṭ pl. -āt condition,
provision, proviso; stipulation
‫ شرطن‬šarṭana to consecrate, ordain (‫ ه‬s.o.,
Chr.) II to be ordained (Chr.)
‫ شرط‬šarṭana = ‫شرطونية‬
‫ شرطونية‬šarṭūnīya ordination of a priest,
and any ordination of persons by laying
on of hands (Chr.); simony (Copt.-Chr.)
‫ شرع‬šara‘a a (šar‘, ‫ شروع‬šurū‘) to go (
‫ في‬into), enter (‫ في‬s.th.); to begin, start,
commence (‫ في‬or y with; with foil.
imperf.: to do s.th.); to point a weapon (‫)ھـ‬
at s.o. (‫ ;)على‬to untie, unbind, unlace (‫ھـ‬
s.th.); to fix (‫ ھـ‬bayonets, ‫ على‬on rifles); --
šara‘a a (šar‘) to introduce, enact (o
laws), prescribe, give (‫ ھـ ل‬to s.o. laws),
make laws (‫ )ھـ‬for s.o. (‫ ل( │ شرع مشروعا‬to
devise a plan II to draw a weapon (‫ )ھـ‬on
s.o. (‫ ;)على‬to legislate, make laws IV to
draw or train a weapon (‫ )ھـ‬on s.o. ((‫على‬
‫‘( │ اشرع عينه الى‬ainaihi) to cast one’s eyes
on …, turn one’s glance toward ...; ‫اشرع‬
‫( قلمه‬qalamahū) to draw one’s pen = to
prepare to write VIII to introduce, enact (
‫ ھـ‬laws); to prescribe, give (‫ ل ھـ‬to s.o.
laws), make laws (‫ )ھـ‬for s.o. (‫)ل‬
‫ الشرع‬aš-šar‘ the Revelation, the
canonical law of Islam │ ‫شرعا وفرعا‬
šar‘an wa-far‘an with full right, with
good cause, by rights; ‫ھم في ھذا شرع واحد‬
they are alike in this 467
‫ شروق‬šurūq rise (of the sun)
‫ شراقي‬šarāqī (eg.) unirrigated land not
reached by the Nile floods
‫ شراق‬šarrāq suctorial device; part of a
suction pump
 □ ‫ شراقوة‬šarāquwa (pl. of ‫)شرقاوي‬
Levantines (eg.)
‫ مشرق‬mašriq pl. ‫ مشارق‬mašāriq2 place
of sunrise, east; place of rise; the Orient,
the East; ‫ المشرقان‬East and West │ ‫مشارق‬
‫ األرض ومغاربھا‬m. al-arḍ wa-magāribuhā or
‫( المشرقان والمغربان‬magribān) the whole
world; ‫ في الغربين وفي المشرقين‬all over the
world
‫ مشرقي‬mašriqī eastern, easterly,
oriental; (pl. ‫ مشارقة‬mašāriqa) an Oriental;
‫ المشرقيات‬orientalia, oriental studies
‫ تشريق‬tašrīq easternization;
development of domestic production (esp.
in local industry, with the gradual
elimination of Europe), drive for
(economic) independence │ ‫ايام التشريق‬
ayyām at-t. the old name of the three days
following the day of Immolation (10th of
Zu’lhijja)
during the hadj festival
‫ اشراق‬išrāq radiance; radiation,
eradiation, emanation; Illuminism
(mysticism deriving from Neoplatonism)
‫ االشراقيون‬al-išrāqīyūn the Illuminists,
adherents of Illuminism
‫ االستشراق‬al-istišrāq oriental studies
‫ مشرق‬mašriq resplendent, radiant,
shining
‫ مستشرق‬mustašriq having oriental
manners; (pl. -ūn) orientalist
‫ شرقرق‬šaraqraq, ‫ شرقراق‬šarāqrāq green
woodpecker
‫ شرك‬šarika a (širk, ‫ شركة‬širka, šarika) to share
(‫ ه في‬with s.o s.th.), participate (‫ في ه‬with
s.o. in), be or become partner, participant,
associate (‫ في ه‬of s.o. in) III to share (‫ في‬or
‫ ھـ ه‬with s.o., s.th.), participate (‫ في‬or ‫ھـ ه‬
with s.o. in), be or become partner,
participant, associate (‫ في‬or ‫ ھـ ه‬of s.o. in);
to associate o.s. (‫ ه‬with s.o.), enter into
partnership (‫ ه‬with s.o.), form a
partnership, join, combine (‫ في‬or ‫ ھـ ه‬with
s.o. in); to sympathize (‫ ه‬with s.o.) │ ‫شاركه‬
‫( رأيه‬ra’yahū) to share s.o.’s opinion IV to
make (‫ ه‬s.o.) a partner, participant,
associate (‫ في‬in), give (‫ ه‬s.o.) a share (‫في‬
in), have (‫ ه‬s.o.) share (‫ في‬in); to tie s.th. (
‫ )ھـ‬closely to s.th. (‫)ب‬, associate (‫ ھـ ب‬s.th.
with s.th.) │ ‫ اشركه با‬to make s.o. the
associate or partner of God (in His
creation and rule); ‫ اشرك با‬to set up or
attribute associates to God. i.e. to be a
polytheist, an idolator VI to enter into
partnership (‫ مع‬with s.o.); to participate
together (‫ في‬in), share with one another (‫في‬
s.th,) VIII to enter into partnership, to
cooperate (‫ مع‬with s.o.); to participate (‫مع‬
‫ في‬with s.o. in), share (‫ مع في‬with s.o.,
s.th.), collaborate, take part (‫ في‬in),
contribute (‫ في‬to); to subscribe (‫ في‬to); to
partake of the Lord’s Supper,
communicate (Copt.-Chr.)
‫ شرك‬širk polytheism, idolatry │ ‫اھل‬
‫ الشرك‬ahl aš-š. the polytheists, the
idolators
‫ شرك‬šarak pl. ‫ شرك‬šuruk, ‫ اشراك‬ašrāk,
‫ شراك‬širāk net, snare, gin; trap │ ‫نصب له‬
‫ شركا‬to lay a trap for s.o., trap s.o.
‫ شرك‬spurious, unsound, phony, false
‫ شركة‬širka, šarika partnership;
communion (Chr.); (pl. -āt) association,
companionship; company, corporation
(com.); commercial enterprise (Isl. Law);
establishment, firm; ‫ شركة التأمين‬insurance
company; ‫( شرك تجارية‬tijārīya) trading
company, firm; ‫ شركة االذاعة‬broad- 468
casting corporation; ‫ شركة المساھمة‬š. al-
musāhama joint-stock company,
corporation; ‫( شركة سھامية‬sihāmīya) do.;
‫ شركة الشركات‬trust (com.)
‫ شراك‬širāk pl. ‫ شرك‬šuruk, ‫ اشرك‬ašruk,
‫ اشراك‬ašrāk shoelace
‫ شريك‬šarīk pl. ‫ شركاء‬šurakā’2, ‫اشراك‬
ašrāk sharer, participant, partner,
copartner; associate, companion,
confederate, ally; co-owner, coproprietor
(Isl. Law); accomplice, accessory (in a
crime) │ O ‫( شريك موص‬mūṣin) silent
partner (com.)
‫ شريك‬šuraik (eg.) sesame cake
‫ شريكة‬šarīk pl. ‫ شرائك‬šarā’ik woman
partner, woman participant, etc. (see
‫)شريك‬
‫ تشريك‬tašrīk: ‫ سياية التشريك‬siyāsat at-t.
policy of alliances
‫ مشاركة‬mušāraka partnership,
copartnership, participation (‫ في‬in);
 cooperation, collaboration; communion
(Chr.); complicity, accessoriness (jur.)
‫ اشنراك‬ištirāk partnership,
copartnership, coparcenary; participation,
sharing, joining, co-operation,
collaboration (‫ في‬in); interference (‫ في‬in);
subscription (‫ في‬to); jointness, community;
communion (Chr.) ; (pl. -āt) subscription
rate; participation fee │‫ باالشتراك‬jointly, in
concurrence, together (‫ مع‬with); ‫اشتراك‬
‫( شھري‬šahrī) monthly subscription;
monthly fee or contribution
‫ شرى‬šarā i (širan, ‫ شراء‬širā’) to sell, vend (‫ب ھـ‬
‫ اشتراكي‬ištirākī socialist, socialistic; (pl.
-ūn) a socialist
‫ اشتراكية‬ištirākīya socialism
‫ مشرك‬mušrik pl. -ūn polytheist
‫ مشترك‬muštarik pl. -ūn participant;
subscriber
‫ مشترك‬muštarak common, joint,
combined, concurrent, collective, co- │
‫( األمن المشترك‬amn) collective security; ‫بالغ‬
‫( مشترك‬balāg) joint communiqué; ‫السوق‬
‫( المشترك‬sūq) the Common Market; ‫الشعور‬
‫ المشترك‬community spirit, communality,
solidarity; ‫( الضمان المشترك‬ḍamān)
collective security
‫ شركسي‬šarkašī Circassian; (pl. ‫ شراكسة‬šarākisa)
a Circassian
‫ شرم‬šarama i (šarm) to split, slit, slash (‫ ھـ‬s.th.)
‫ شرم‬šarm pl. ‫ شروم‬šurūm cleft, crack,
split, rift, slit, slot; small hay, inlet
‫ اشرم‬ašram2, f. ‫ شرماء‬šarmā’2 having a
disfigured nose; harelipped
‫ شرمط‬šarmaṭa (eg., syr.) to shred, tear to
shreds (‫ ھـ‬s.th.)
‫ شرموطة‬šarmūṭa pl. ‫ شراميط‬šārāmīṭ rag,
shred, tatter; whore, slut, prostitute
‫ شرنقة‬šarnaqa pl. ‫ شرانق‬šarāniq2 cocoon (of the
silk worm); chrysalis (of an insect);
slough (of a snake), snakeskin; -- šarāniq2
hemp (Cannahis sativa; bot.); hemp seed
‫ شره‬šariha a (šarah) to be greedy (‫ الى‬or
‫ على‬for food); to eat greedily, gormandize,
gluttonize, be gluttonous
‫ شره‬šarah gluttony, gourmandism,
ravenousness, voracity; greediness, greed,
covetousness, avidity
‫ شره‬šarih greedy (‫ على‬for food),
gluttonous; voracious, ravenous; ravenous
eater, glutton; greedy, covetous, avid
‫ شراھة‬šarāha gluttony, gourmandism,
ravenousness, voracity; greediness, greed,
covetousness, avidity
‫ شرو‬šarw, širw honey
‫ شروال‬širwāl pl. ‫ شراويل‬šarāwīl 2 trousers,
pants; drawers
‫ شروى‬،‫ شروة‬see ٤٦٩ ‫شري‬
s.th. for a certain price); to buy, purchase (
‫ ھـ‬s.th.); to bring upon o.s., to ask for (e.g.,
‫ المتاعب‬troubles, inconveniences) -- šarā i
(širan) to expose (‫ ھـ‬s.th.) to the sun for
drying II to expose (‫ ھـ‬s.th.) to the sun for
drying VIII to buy, purchase (‫ ھـ‬s.th.); to
buy up, acquire, obtain by commercial
transaction (‫ ھـ‬s.th.); to sell, vend (‫ ھـ‬s.th.)
X to become worse, worsen, deteriorate
‫ شرى‬šary (coll.; n. un. ‫ )ة‬colocynth
‫ شرى‬širan pl. ‫ اشرية‬ašriya purchase,
buy(ing), bargain
‫ شرى‬šaran an itching skin eruption
‫ شراء‬širā’ purchase buy(ing) │ ‫راغب‬
‫ الشراء‬eager to buy; O ‫المقدرة على الشراء‬
(maqdura) or O ‫ قوة الشراء‬qūwat aš-š.
purchasing power
‫ شروة‬šarwa purchase buy(ing)
‫ شروى‬šarwā: ‫ ال يملك شروى نقير‬lā yamliku
š. naqīrin he hasn’t a red cent to his name,
he has absolutely nothing; ‫ال يجدي شروى نقير‬
(yujdī) it is of no use at all
O ‫ الحمى الشروية‬al-ḥummā aš-šarawīya
nettle rash, urticaria (med.)
‫ شريان‬širyān pl. ‫ شرايين‬šarāyīn2 artery │
‫ تصلب الشرايين‬taṣallub aš-š. arteriosclerosis
‫ شرياني‬širyānī arterial │ ‫السدة الشريانية‬
(sudda) embolism (med.)
‫ اشتراء‬ištirā’ purchase buy(ing)
‫ شار‬šārin pl. ‫ شراة‬šurāh seller,
salesman, vendor; purchaser, buyer,
customer; -- O lightning rod (also ‫شارى‬
‫ الصواعق(؛ الشراة‬aš-šurāh designation of the
Khawārij
 ‫ مشتر‬muštarin purchaser, buyer,
customer; seller, vendor
‫ المشترى‬al-muštarī Jupiter (astron.)
‫ مشترى‬muštaran pl. ‫ مشتريات‬muštarayāt,
that which is purchased, purchased
goods; purchase, buy(ing), acquisition
‫ شزرا‬sażran: ‫ نظر اليه شزرا‬to look askance at
s.o.
‫‘ عين شزراء‬ain sazrā’2 an eye looking
askance, distrustfully or maligrantly; ‫نظرة‬
‫( شزرا‬naẓra) distrustful, suspicious glance
‫( شست‬Fr. chiste) slate (min.)
‫ شاسع‬šāsi' far (away), distant, remote; wide,
large, great (distance); huge, vast,
enormous (difference)
‫ ششخان‬šašakān rifled (gunbarrel)
‫ اسلحة الششخانة‬aṣliḥat aš-š. firearms
‫ مششخن‬mušaškan rifled (gunbarrel)
1
‫ ششم‬šišm seed of the Cassia absus (bot.), used
as eye powder
2
‫ ششمة‬šašma, šišma toilet, lavatory, privy
‫ ششنى‬šišnī sample, specimen; sampling
‫( ششنجي‬eg.) šišnagī assayer (of precious
metals)
‫ شص‬šiṣṣ pl. ‫ شصوص‬šuṣūṣ fishhook
‫ شصر‬šaṣara a kind of gazelle
‫ شط‬šaṭa i u (‫ شطط‬šaṭaṭ) to go to extremes, go
too far, exceed the proper hounds, be
excessive (‫ في‬in, with); to deviate (‫عن‬
from), digress, stray (‫ عن الموضوع‬from the
topic) VIII to go to extremes, go too far,
exceed the proper bounds, be excessive (
‫ في‬in, with)
‫ شط‬šaṭṭ pl. ‫ شطوط‬šuṭūṭ bank, shore,
coast, seashore, beach, strand │ ‫شط العرب‬
š. al-‘arab Shatt-al-Arab, river in SE Iraq
formed by the Tigris and Euphrates rivers;
the region traversed by this river on the
Persian Gulf
‫ شطة‬šaṭṭa a variety of pepper
(Capsicum conicum Mey.; bot.) 470
‫ شطط‬šaṭaṭ that which is excessive or
exceeds the proper bounds, excess; inroad,
encroachment, infringement
‫ شطيطة‬šaṭīṭa a variety of pepper
(Capsicum conicum Mey.; bot.)
‫ مشط‬mušiṭṭ excessive
‫ شاطئ‬šāṭi’ pl. ‫ شواطئ‬šawāṭi’2, ‫ شطآن‬šaṭ’ān
shore, coast, seacoast, beach, strand
‫ شطب‬šaṭab u (šaṭb) to out into slices or strips (
‫ ھـ‬s.th.); to strike out, cross out, scratch
out, write off (‫ على‬or ‫ ھـ‬s.th.); to erase,
efface (‫ على‬or ‫ ھـ‬s.th., e.g., a word, a
sentence); to cancel, release (‫ على‬or ‫ ھـ‬a
mortgage); to drop, nonsuit (‫ دعوى‬da‘wā a
case) II to make an incision, a longitudinal
cut, a slit, a slash (‫ في‬in s.th.); to strike
out, cross out, scratch out, write off (‫على‬
or ‫ ھـ‬s.th.); to erase, efface (‫ على‬or ‫ ھـ‬s.th.,
e.g., a word, a sentence); to cancel,
release, (‫ على‬or ‫ ھـ‬a mortgage); to book,
enter, post (‫ ھـ‬an item, an account); to
finish off, terminate, wind up (‫ على‬s.th.)
‫ شطب‬šaṭb cut, slash; incision, scratch;
crossing out, striking out, writing off;
erasure, effacement; annulment,
cancellation
‫ شطب‬šaṭb pl. ‫ شطوب‬šuṭūb tall,
strapping, sturdy, husky
‫ تشطيب‬tašṭīb: ‫ تشطيب الحساب‬posting of an
account (to the ledger); ‫ساعة التشطيب‬
curfew
‫ شطح‬šaṭaḥa (šaṭḥ) to roam, rove, stray
‫ شطحة‬šaṭḥa pl. ‫ شطحات‬šaṭaḥāt escapade
‫ شطر‬šaṭara ū (šaṭr) to halve, divide into two
(equal) parts, bisect, cut through (‫ ھـ‬s.th.);
to out off, sever (‫ ھـ‬s.th.); -- ‫شطر بصره‬
(baṣaruhū) u (‫ شطور‬šuṭūr) to be squint-
eyed; -- šaṭara u (‫ شطور‬šuṭūr, ‫شطورة‬
šuṭūra, ‫ شطارة‬šaṭāra) to withdraw,
separate, disassociate o.s. (‫ عن‬from); - -
šaṭara u, šaṭura u (‫ شطارة‬šaṭāra) to be sly,
cunning, artful, shrewd; to be clever,
smart, bright, skillful, adroit II to halve,
divide into two (equal) parts, to bisect, out
through (‫ ھـ‬s.th.) III to halve, share by
halves, share equally (‫ ه‬with s.o., s.th.),
go halves (‫ ه‬with s.o.); to participate, take
part (‫ ھـ‬in s.th.), share (‫ ھـ‬s.th.) │ ‫شاطره‬
‫ فرحه‬،‫( آراءه‬ārā’ahū, faraḥahū) to share
s.o.’s views, s.o.’s joy V to manifest
slyness, cleverness, smartness, adroitness,
skill VII to divide, split (‫ ھـ‬into, intrans.)
 ‫ شطر‬šaṭr partition, division, separation,
halving, bisecting; -- (pl. ‫ شطور‬šuṭūr, ‫اشطر‬
ašṭur) a half, moiety; hemistich; portion,
share, lot; direction; šaṭra in the direction
of ..., toward │ ‫ قصد شطره‬to move toward
s.o., walk up to s.o.; ‫( ولى انظاره شطره‬wallā
anẓārahū) to direct one’s glances toward
s.o.; ‫( ولى وجھه شطره‬wajhahū) to turn one’s
face toward s.th.
‫ شطرة‬šiṭra side, half
‫ شطارة‬šaṭāra slyness cunningness
shrewdness, adroitness, skill, cleverness,
smartness
‫ شطيرة‬šaṭīra sandwich; schnitzel, steak
‫ مشاطرة‬mušāṭara participation, sharing
‫ انشطار‬inšiṭār fission, splitting,
cleavage, division, separation
‫ شطر‬šāṭir pl. ‫ شطار‬šuṭṭār sly, cunning,
shrewd; scoundrel, villain; clever, smart,
bright, adroit, skillful
‫ شطرنج‬šiṭranj, šaṭranj chess │ ‫لوحة الشطرنج‬
lauḥat aš-š. chessboard
‫ شطف‬šaṭafa u (šaṭf) to rinse (under flowing
water), clean with water, wash (‫ ھـ‬s.th.)
‫ شطف‬šuṭfa piece, chunk, lump; (pl,
‫ شطف‬šutaf) flint (of a gunlook. eg.)
‫ شطفة‬šiṭfa splinter, chip, sliver 471
1
‫ شطن‬šaṭana u (šaṭn) to fasten, attach, tie, bind
(‫ ھـ ب‬s.th. with a rope)
2
‫ شيطان‬and ‫ تشيطن‬see ‫( شيطن‬alphabetically)
‫ شظف‬šaẓafa u (šaẓf) to castrate
‫ شظف‬šaẓaf pl. ‫ شظاف‬šiẓāf discomfort,
hardship, difficulty; ruggedness of life │
‫( اقام على شظف العيش‬š. il-‘aiš) to lead a life
of hardships
‫ شظف‬šaẓif hard, harsh, rough, rugged,
austere (life, character)
‫ شظي‬šaẓiya a (šaẓan) to be splintered, be
shattered, splinter, shiver V do.
‫ شظية‬šaẓīya pl. šaẓīy, ‫ شظايا‬šaẓāyā
splinter, sliver, chip; shinbone; bone
‫ شع‬ša‘‘a i (ša‘‘, ‫ شعاع‬ši‘ā’) to disperse,
scatter, diffuse, spread; to beam, radiate,
flash up IV to emit, spread, diffuse (‫ھـ‬
s.th.); to eradiate (‫ ھـ‬s.th.); to emit rays or
beams, radiate, beam V to emit rays or
beams, radiate, beam, eradiate
‫ شع‬šu‘‘ rays, beams; spokes
‫ شعاع‬ša‘ā’ distracted, confused,
bewildered, perplexed │ (‫طار فؤاده )روحه‬
‫ شعاعا‬his mind became confused,
bewildered or perplexed
‫ شعاع‬šu‘ā’ (coll.; n. un. ‫ )ة‬pl. ‫ اشعة‬aši‘‘a
rays, beams; spokes; horizontal wooden
crosspieces (on a door or window) │ ‫األشعة‬
‫( فوق البنفسجية‬banafsajīya) the ultraviolet
rays; ‫ األشعة الي تحت األحمر‬the infra-red rays;
‫ صورة اشعة‬X-ray photograph,
roentgenogram; O ‫ فاعلية األشعة‬radioactivity
‫ اشعاع‬iš‘ā’ pl. -āt radiation, eradiation
‫ اشعاعي‬iš‘ā‘ī radiative, radiational │ O
‫( ذو نشاط اشعاعي‬našāṭ) radioactive
‫ تشعع‬taša‘‘u‘ radiation, eradiation │
‫( التشعع الحراري‬ḥarārī) radiation of heat;
‫( التشعع الشمسي‬šamsī) solar radiation
‫ مشع‬muši‘‘ radiating, radiant; emitting
rays, radiative; O radioactive
O ‫ مشعة‬muši‘‘a radiator
‫ شعب‬ša‘aba a (ša‘b) to gather, assemble, rally
(‫ ھم‬people, ‫ ھـ‬s.th.); to disperse, scatter (‫ھم‬
people, ‫ ھـ‬s.th.) II to form branches, to
branch; to branch (out), ramify, divide
into branches or subdivisions (‫ ھـ‬s.th.) V
to branch (out), ramify; to b. subdivided,
form subdivisions; to diverge, move in
different directions, part company,
separate, split, break up, become
disunited, disorganized, disrupted; to
branch off (‫ عن‬from); to result (‫ عن‬from)
VIII to branch out, ramify; to branch off
‫ شعب‬ša‘b pl. ‫ شعوب‬šu‘ūb people, folk;
nation; tribe; race
‫ شعبي‬ša‘bī national, people’s; popular,
folksy, folk- (in compounds) │ ‫الجبھة الشعبية‬
(jabha) popular front; ‫ديموقراطية شعبية‬
people’s democracy (in Marxist
terminology)
‫ شعبية‬ša‘bīya popularity
‫ شعوبي‬šu‘ūbī adherent of the ‫شعوبية‬, see
below
‫ الشعوبية‬aš-šu‘ūbīya a movement within
the early Islamic commonwealth of
 nations which refused to recognize the
privileged position of the Arabs
‫ شعب‬ši‘b pl. ‫ شعاب‬ši‘āb mountain path,
mountain trail; gorge, ravine, canyon;
gulf, abyss; reef
‫ شعبة‬ši‘ba reef
‫ شعبة‬šu‘ba pl. ‫ شعب‬šu‘ab, ‫ شعاب‬ši‘āb
branch, bough, limb, ramification; shoot,
twig, sprig, spray; prong, tine; (sub-)
division, section, department, branch, cell;
field of study, discipline (e.g., at a
university); part, portion; (pl. ‫ شعب‬šu‘ab)
bronchus │ ‫ التھاب الشعب‬bronchitis (med.)
472
‫ شعبي‬šu‘abī bronchial
‫ شعيب‬ša‘īb disrupted, disorganized,
disunited, scattered, dispersed
‫ شعبان‬ša‘bān2 Shaban, name of the
eighth month of the Mohammedan year
‫ اشعب‬aš‘ab2 name of a legendary miser,
hence, said of s.o. extremely niggardly:
‫ اطمع من اشعب‬greedier than Aš‘ab
‫ اشعبي‬aš‘abī extremely miserly,
avaricious, or greedy; (pl. -ūn) skinflint,
miter, niggard │ ‫( طمع اشعبي‬ṭama‘)
insatiable greed
‫ تشعب‬taša‘‘ub ramification, branching,
branching off; disruption, split(ting),
disunion
‫ انشعاب‬inši‘āb ramification, branching,
branching off; disruption, split(ting),
disunion
‫ متشعب‬mutaša‘‘ib ramified, branching;
manifold, diverse; many-sided, versatile (
‫ متشعب‬m. al-janabāt)
‫ شعبذ‬ša‘bada to practice jugglery, legerdemain,
sleight of band, or magic
‫ شعبذة‬ša‘bada jugglery, legerdemain,
sleight of band, magic
‫ شعث‬ša‘itqa a (ša‘at) to be or become
disheveled, unkempt, matted (hair) II to
dishevel, ruffle (‫ ھـ‬the hair) V to become
disheveled, ruffled (hair); to disintegrate,
fall apart, decay (of buildings)
‫ شعث‬ša‘at: ‫ لم شعثه‬lamma ša‘atahū to
straighten out the muddled affairs of s.o.,
help s.o. to get back on his feet; to
struggle back to one’s feet, “pick up”,
recover
‫ شعث‬ša‘it matted, disheveled, unkempt
(hair); having matted, unkempt hair
‫ شعوذ‬look up alphabetically
‫ شعر‬ša‘ara u (‫ شعور‬šu‘ūr) to know (‫ ب‬s.th., ‫ان‬
that), have knowledge, be cognizant (‫ب‬
of); to come to know, realize, notice (‫ب‬
s.th., ‫ ان‬that); to perceive, feel, sense (‫ب‬
s.th., ‫ ان‬that), be conscious, be aware (‫ ب‬of
s.th.); -- (ši‘r) to make or compose poetry,
poetize, versify │ ‫ لم يشعر اال بـ‬... (illā bi-),
‫ لم يشعر اال و‬... (illā wa-) and ،...‫ما شعر اال بـ‬
‫ما شعر اال و‬... before be even realized it,
there was all of a sudden ... ; then, all of a
sudden, there was ..., it happened that …
IV to let (‫ ه‬s.o.) know (‫ ب‬or ‫ ھـ‬s.th., of or
about s.th.), notify, inform (‫ ب‬or ‫ ھـ ه‬s.o.
of or about), give notice or information (‫ه‬
to s.o., ‫ ب‬or ‫ ھـ‬of or about), impart (‫ ه‬to
s.o., ‫ ب‬or ‫ ھـ‬s.th.) X to fee), sense, notice,
perceive, realize (‫ ھـ‬,‫ ب‬s.th.), be
conscious, be aware (‫ ھـ‬of): to be filled (‫ھـ‬
with a feeling)
‫ شعر‬ša‘r, ša‘ar (coll.; n. un. ‫ )ة‬pl. ,‫اشعار‬
‫ شعور‬šu‘ūr, ‫ شعار‬ši‘ār hair; bristles; fur,
pelt
‫ شعرة‬ša‘ra (n. un.) pl. -āt a hair │ ... ‫ال‬
‫( قدر شعرة‬qadra š.) not by a hair’s breadth
‫ شعري‬ša‘rī, ša‘arī hairy, hirsute, hair
(adj.)
‫ شعرية‬ša‘rīya pl. -āt wire grille, wire
netting, lattice work; O (without pl.)
capillarity │ ‫ شعرية الشباك‬š. aš-šabbāk
(latticed) window shade, jalousie
‫ شعرية‬ši‘rīya vermicelli
‫ شعراني‬ša‘rānī hairy, hirsute, shaggy
‫ شعر‬ši‘r knowledge │ ‫ ليت شعري‬laita
ši‘rī I wish I knew ...! would that I
knew ...! -- (pl. ‫ اشعار‬aš‘ār) poetry; poem
‫ شعري‬ši‘rī poetic(al)
‫ شعرى‬ša‘rā pl. ‫ شعارى‬ša‘ārā scrub
country 473
‫ الشعرى‬aš-ši‘rā Sirius, Dog Star
(astrron.)
‫ شعار‬ši‘ār pl. ‫ شعر‬šu‘ur, ‫ اشعرة‬aš‘ira
password, watchword; slogan; motto,
device; mark, token, sign; signal;
distinguishing mark or feature,
characteristic, emblem, badge │ ‫شعار‬
‫تجاري‬I ši‘ār (tijārī) trade mark
‫ شعير‬ša‘īr (coll.) barley; (n. un. ‫)ة‬
barleycorn │ ‫( شعير لؤلؤي‬lu’lu’ī) pearl
barley; ‫ شعيرة الجفن‬š. al-jafn sty (med.)
O ‫ شعيرة‬ša‘īra bead (of a gun sight,
mil.; Syr.)
‫ شعيرات دموية‬šu‘airāt damawīya blood
capillaries (biol.)
‫ شعيرية‬ša‘īrīya vermicelli
‫ شعور‬šu‘ūr knowledge, cognizance;
consciousness, awareness; perception,
discernment; perceptive faculty;
sensation; sentiment; feeling;
perceptiveness, sensitivity, sensibility;
mood │ ‫( على غير شعور منه‬gairi šu‘ūrin)
without his being aware of it; ‫غاب عن‬
‫ الشعور‬to lose consciousness; ‫فاقد الشعور‬
unconscious, insensible; ‫( الشعور بالنفس‬nafs)
self-consciousness; ‫ الشعور بالذات‬do.; ‫دقة‬
‫ الشعور‬diqqat aš-š. sensitivity, sensibility;
‫( الشعور المشترك‬muštarak) community
spirit, communality, solidarity; ‫عديم الشعور‬
unreeling, insensitive
‫ شعوري‬šu‘ūrī conscious; emotional │ ‫ال‬
‫ شعوري‬unconscious, subconscious
‫ شعارى‬ša‘ārā (pl.) goats
‫ شعيرة‬ša‘īra pl. ‫ شعائر‬ša‘ā’ir2 religious
ceremony, rite, cultic practice; pl. also:
places of worship, cultic shrines
‫ اشعر‬aš‘ar hairy, hirsute, long-haired,
shaggy
‫ شعرور‬šu‘rūr poetaster, versifier,
rhymester
‫ شويعر‬šuwai‘ir poetaster, venifier,
rhymester
‫ شعر‬maš‘ar pl. ‫ مشاعر‬mašā‘ir2 cultic
shrine for ceremonies of the hadj; sensory
organ; pl. senses, feelings, sensations │
‫( المشعر الحرام‬ḥarām) the hadj station of
Muzdalifa east of Mecca
‫ اشعار‬iš‘ār pl. -āt notification,
information (‫ ب‬of, about), notice
‫ شاعر‬šā‘ir knowing (by instinctive
perception), endowed with deeper insight,
with intuition; (pl. ‫ الشعراء‬šu‘arā’2) poet
‫ شاعرية‬šā‘irīya pl. -āt poetry; poetical
work, poetization; poetical talent; poet-
ship
‫ شواعر‬šawā‘ir attacks, diatribes,
invectives, calumnies, defamations
‫ مشعور‬maš‘ūr split, cracked; mad,
crazy, idiotic
‫ مشعراني‬muš‘irānī hairy, hirsute, shaggy
‫ شعشع‬ša‘ša‘a to mix with water, dilute (‫ ھـ‬a
beverage); to shine, beam, radiate, glitter
‫ شعشع‬muša‘ša‘ half drunk, tipsy,
fuddled
‫ شعط‬ša‘aṭa a to scorch, sear, singe
‫ شعفة‬ša‘fa pl. ‫ شعاف‬ši‘āf summit, top,
peak
‫ شعل‬ša‘ala a (ša‘l), II and IV to light,
kindle, ignite, inflame, set on fire (‫ ھـ‬s.th.),
set fire (‫ ھـ‬to s.th.); to set ablaze, fan (‫ھـ‬
s.th.) VIII to catch fire, start burning,
ignite, bum, flame, blaze, flare up, break
out (fire) │ ‫( اشتعل غضبا‬gaḍaban) to be
flaming with rage; ‫( اشتعل رأسه شيبا‬šaiban)
his hair was, or turned, white
‫ شعلة‬šu‘la pl. ‫ شعل‬šu‘al fire, blaze,
flame; torch
‫ مشعل‬maš‘al, ‫ مشعلة‬maš‘ala pl. ‫مشاعل‬
mašā‘il2 torch
‫ مشعال‬miš‘āl torch 474
‫ مشاعلي‬mašā‘ilī pl. ‫ مشاعلية‬mašā‘ilīya
torch bearer; hangman, executioner
‫ اشعال‬iš‘āl lighting, kindling, ignition,
setting on fire, fanning
‫ اشتعال‬išti‘āl ignition, inflammation,
combustion, burning
‫ مشتعل‬mušta‘il burning, ablaze, on fire
‫ شعنينة‬ša‘nīna pl. ‫ شعانين‬ša‘ānīn2 palm branch │
‫ احد )عيد( الشعانين‬aḥad (‘īd) al-š. Palm
Sunday (Chr.)
‫ شعواء‬ša‘wā’2 (used attributively with ‫غارة‬
gāra, ‫ حرب‬ḥarb, ‫ حملة‬ḥamla, and the like)
large-scale, devastating everything (over a
wide area)
‫ شعوذ‬šawada to practice jugglery, legerdemain,
sleight of band, or magic arts
‫ شعوذة‬ša‘wada pl. -āt jugglery,
legerdemain, sleight of hand; magic,
magic arts; humbug, swindle, tricks
‫ مشعوذ‬muša‘wid juggler, conjurer,
magician, practitioner of legerdemain;
swindler, trickster (f. ‫)مشعوذة‬
‫ شغب‬šagaba, šagiba a (šagb, šagab) to disturb
the peace, make trouble, stir up riots,
cause an uproar, riot; to provoke discord,
dissension, or controversy (among ،‫ على‬،‫ب‬
‫ )ه‬III to make trouble, disturb the peace; to
rebel (‫ على‬against), mutiny
‫ شغل‬šagala a (šagl, šugl) to occupy, busy (‫ه ب‬
‫ شغب‬šagab, šagb unrest, trouble,
disturbance, discord, dissension; riot,
commotion, uproar, strife, tumult; brawl,
fight, broil, fracas; row, wrangle,
contention, quarrel, controversy
‫ شغب‬šaggāb troublemaker, agitator,
subverter
‫ شغوب‬šagūb causing much noise and
unrest, riotous, turbulent, troublous
‫ مشاغب‬mašāgib2 troubles, disorders,
disturbances
‫ مشاغبة‬mušāgaba pl. -āt disorder,
disturbance, trouble, riot, uproar; rebellion
(‫ على‬against); discord, dissension, row,
wrangle, quarrel, controversy
‫ مشاغب‬mašāgib pl. -ūn troublemaker,
agitator, subverter, rioter, mischief-maker
‫ شغر‬šagara II (‫ شغور‬šugūr) to be devoid of
fortifications, be unprotected (country); to
be free, vacant, unoccupied, open (seat,
position)
‫ شغور‬šugūr vacancy (of a position)
‫ شاغر‬šāgir empty and unprotected (of a
country); free, vacant, unoccupied, open
(seat, position); ‫ شواغر‬šawāgir2 vacancies
‫ شغف‬šagafa a (šagf) (to hit, or affect, the
pericardium, i.e.) to infatuate, enamor, fill
with ardent passion (‫ ه‬s.o.); pass. ‫شغف به‬
‫ ))حبا‬šugifa bihī (ḥubban) to love s.o. or
s.th. passionately, be madly in love with
s.o., be infatuated with or enamored of
s.o., be extremely fond of s.th. VII ‫انشغف به‬
= šugifa bihī
‫ شغف‬šagaf pericardium; passionate
love, passion, sensual desire; infatuation,
enamoredness, amorousness; ardent zeal,
craze, love, passion
‫ شغف‬šagif madly in love, infatuated (‫ب‬
with), enamored (‫ ب‬of), fascinated (‫ ب‬by)
‫ شغاف‬šigāf pericardium
‫ شغوف‬šagūf obsessed with fervent
affection (‫ ب‬for); madly in love, infatuated
(‫ ب‬with), enamored (‫ ب‬of)
‫ مشغوف‬mašgūf passionately fond (‫ ب‬of),
madly in love, infatuated (‫ ب‬with),
enamored (‫ ب‬of), fascinated (‫ ب‬by)
s.o. with); to preoccupy (‫ ه‬s.o.), keep (‫ه‬
s.o.) busy, give (‫ ه‬s.o.) trouble; 475 to
distract, divert, alienate (‫ ه عن‬s.o. from
s.th.).; to occupy, fill, hold, have (‫ ھـ‬office,
seat, position); to take up, fill (‫ ھـ‬s.th.),
engage, engross (‫ ھـ‬the attention); to
engage, tie down (‫ ھـ‬forces of the
opponent); -- pass. šugila to occupy o.s.,
busy o.s. be busy (‫ ب‬with), be engaged in;
to be taken up, occupied (‫ ب‬by, e.g.,
ground by buildings); ‫ شغل به عن‬to be
distracted by s.th. from │ ‫ شغل نفسه ب‬to
occupy o.s., busy o.s. with, work at, attend
to; ‫ شغل البال‬to disquiet, discomfit, make
uneasy, trouble, disturb; ‫( شغل الوقت ل‬waqt)
to devote tim, to II to busy, occupy (‫ ه‬s.o.),
engage, engross (‫ ھـ‬s.th.); to employ (‫ه‬
s.o.), provide employment (‫ ه‬for s.o.); to
put (‫ ه‬s.o.) to work, make (‫ ھـ‬a machine)
work, put in operation, make run, start (‫ھـ‬
a machine); to make, produce,
manufacture, fabricate (‫ ھـ‬s.th.); to invest (
‫ ھـ‬money) III to hold in play, keep
occupied, divert (‫ ه‬s.o.); to distract (‫ ه‬s.o.)
IV to occupy, busy, employ (‫ ه‬s.o.); to
occupy, hold, fill, have ( an office, a
position); to fill, take up (‫ ه‬s.th.), engage,
engross (‫ ھـ‬the attention); to cover (‫ ب ھـ‬a
space with a building or buildings),
occupy, take up, fill (‫ ب ھـ‬a space with); to
take, take up, require (‫ ھـ‬time); to engage,
tie down (‫ ھـ‬forces of the opponent); to
distract, divert, alienate, entice away (‫ه عن‬
from) │ ‫ اشغل البال‬to disquiet, discomfit,
make uneasy, trouble, disturb, preoccupy
VI to occupy o.s., busy o.s. be occupied or
busy, be preoccupied (‫ ب‬with), be
engaged (‫ ب‬in), attend, devote o.s. (‫ ب‬to
s.th.); to pretend to be busy VII to occupy
o.s., busy o.s. be occupied or busy, be
preoccupied (‫ ب‬with); to be concerned (‫ب‬
about) VIII to busy o.s. occupy o.s. be
occupied or busy (‫ ب‬or ‫ في‬with), be
engaged (‫ ب‬or ‫ في‬in), attend, devote o.s. (
‫ في‬or ‫في‬to s.th.); to work; to study (Jo
under or with); to work, run, operate, be in
operation, be in motion (machine, and the
like) │ ‫( اشتغل قلبه‬qalbuhū) to be uneasy,
apprehensive, worried; ‫ اشتغل به عن‬to be
distracted by s.th. from
‫ شغل‬šugl occupancy, filling, taking up;
detention, prevention, distraction (‫عن‬
from); -- (pl. ‫ اشتغال‬ištigāl, ‫ شغول‬šugūl)
occupation, activity; work, job; business,
concern │ ‫ شاغل شغل‬that which ie
uppermost in one’s mind, chief or
foremost concern; s.th. which preoccupies
s.o.’s mind or distracts s.o. (‫ عن‬from);
‫( اشغال شاقة‬šāqqa) hard labor; ‫اشغال عامة‬
(‘āmma) or ‫‘( اشغال عمومية‬umūmīya) public
works; ‫( شغل يدوي‬yadawī) handwork;
manual labor; ‫ شغل يد‬š. yad (colloq., used
appositionally) handmade; ‫في شغل‬
preoccupied (‫ من‬with), concerned (‫من‬
about); ‫ في شغل ب‬busy, occupied with; ‫كان‬
‫ في شغل عن‬to be too busy or preoccupied (
‫ ب‬with) to be able to attend to s.th.; ‫الزم‬
‫ شغلك‬ilzam šuglaka mind your own
business!
‫ شغال‬šaggāl very busy; hard-working,
industrious, diligent, laborious, active;
being in operation, running (of a
machine); (pl. -ūn) worker, workman,
laborer
‫ شغيل‬šaggīl pl. ‫( ة‬syr.) worker,
workman, laborer, (lowly) employee
‫ شاغول‬šāgūl mainsheet (of a sailing
vessel)
‫ مشغل‬mašgal pl. ‫مشا‬ā‫ غل‬mašāgil2
workshop; workhouse
‫ شغلة‬pl. ‫ مشاغل‬mašāgil2 occupation,
avocation, activity, business, concern,
work, job; effort, exertion; diversion,
distraction, preoccupation, disturbance
‫ تشغيل‬tašgīl employment, occupation;
providing of employment, provision of
work; hiring (of s.o., as a worker);
opening, starting, putting into operation;
476 production, manufacture, making;
investment (of money)
‫ انشغال‬inšigāl (state of) being busy or
occupied; occupation, activity;
overcharge, overwork; apprehension,
concern, anxiety
‫ اشتغال‬ištigāl (state of) being busy or
occupied; work, occupation (‫ ب‬or ‫ في‬with,
at); syntactical regimen, government (of a
word by another; gram.)
‫ شاغل‬šāgil pl. ‫ شواغل‬šawāgil that which
preoccupies s.o., engrosses s.o.’s
attention, takes up s.o.’s time; occupation,
activity; object of concern or worry; pl.
‫ شواغل‬distractions, preoccupations │ ‫وجد‬
‫ شاغال عنه في‬be found distraction from it in
…; ‫( ھو في الف شاغل عن‬alfi šāgilin) he had a
thousand other things to think of than ...;
‫( كان اكبر شاغل له‬akbara šāgilin) it was his
greatest worry
‫ مشغول‬mašgūl busy, occupied (‫ ب‬with);
distracted, diverted (‫ عن‬from); occupied,
taken (seat, space); busy, occupied
(telephone line, and the like); worked on,
processed │ ‫ مشغول البال‬anxious,
apprehensive, concerned, worried;
‫( المشغوالت الذھبية والفضية‬dahabīya, fiḍḍīya)
gold and silver work
‫ مشغولية‬mašgūlīya anxiety,
apprehension, concern
‫ مشغل‬mušaggal employee, worker
‫ مشتغل‬muštagil busy, occupied (‫ ب‬or ‫في‬
with); in operation, running (of a
machine)
‫ شفة‬šafa pl. ‫ شفاه‬šifāh, ‫ شفوات‬šafawāt lip;
rim, edge │ ‫‘( الشفة العليا‬ulyā) upper lip,
‫( الشفة السفلى‬suflā) lower lip; ‫ شفة األرنب‬š.
a1-arnab harelip; ‫ بنت شفة‬bint š. word
‫ شفھى‬،‫ شفاھا‬،‫ شفاھي‬and ‫ مشافھة‬see ‫شفه‬
‫ شفوي‬see ‫شفو‬
1
‫ شفائف‬šafā’if2, ‫ شفايف‬šafāyif2 lips
2
‫ شف‬šaffa i (‫ شفوف‬šufūf, ‫ شفيف‬šafīf, ‫شفف‬
šafaf) to be thin, flimsy; to be transparent,
diaphanous, translucid, pellucid; to let (‫عن‬
s.th.) shimmer through, reveal, disclose,
betray (‫ عن‬s.th.) VIII to drink up, drain,
empty (‫ ھـ‬s.th.); to eat up, devour (‫ ھـ‬s.th.)
 X to look (‫ ھـ‬through s.th., e.g.. through a
piece of fabric in order to ascertain its
quality); to have a glimpse (‫ ھـ‬of s.th.),
hope (‫ ھـ‬for s.th.); to try to see (‫ ھـ‬through
s.th.), seek to penetrate (‫ ھـ‬s.th.); to
perceive, discern, make out (‫ ھـ‬s.th.); to
shimmer (‫ من‬through s.th.), show (‫من‬
through s.th.); to manifest itself, become
tangible, perceptible, noticeable
‫ شف‬šaff, šiff pl. ‫ شفوف‬šufūf diaphanous
fabric, gauze
‫ شفف‬šafaf transparency, translucence,
diaphaneity
‫ شفيف‬šafīf thin, flimsy, translucent,
transparent, diaphanous
‫ شفوف‬šufūf transparancy, translucence,
diaphaneity
‫ شفافة‬šufāfa the rest in the glass
‫ شفاف‬šaffāf thin, flimsy, translucent,
transparent, diaphanous
‫ شفافية‬šaffāfīya transparency,
translucence, diaphaneity
‫ شفت‬šift pl. ‫ شفوت‬šufūt (eg.) pincers, tweezers
‫ شفتر‬šaftara to pout, sulk
‫ شفتورة‬šaftūra thick lip
‫ شفتشي‬see ‫جفتجي‬
‫ شفتلك‬see ‫جفتلك‬
1
‫ شفر‬šafr pl. ‫ اشفار‬ašfār palpebral margin from
which the eyelashes grow, (outer) edge of
the eyelid; edge, rim, border, fringe
‫ شفر‬šufr pl. ‫ اشفار‬ašfār palpebral margin
from which the eyelashes grow, 477
(outer) edge of the eyelid; edge, rim,
border. fringe; -- labium (anat.)
‫ شفرة‬šafra pl. šafarāt, ‫ شفار‬šifār large
knife; blade (of a sword, of a knife); razor
blade; (pl. ‫ )شفار‬brink, edge, verge │ ‫على‬
‫ شفرة الھاوية‬on the brink of the abyas
‫ شفير‬šafīr palpebral margin from which
the eyelashes grow; (outer) edge of the
eyelids; edge, rim, border, fringe
‫ مشفر‬mišfar pl. ‫ مشافر‬mašāfir2 flew,
chap; trunk, snout, proboscis
2
‫( شفر‬Fr. chiffre) cipher, code
‫ شفري‬šifrī ciphered, coded, in code
‫ شفرة‬šifra cipher, code
‫ شفشف‬šafšafa to dry, dry out, parch, drain (‫ھـ‬
s.th.)
‫ شفط‬la/ala to suck, suck up, absorb; to empty,
drain; to sip
‫ شفاطة‬šaffāṭa pl. -āt siphon │ O ‫شفاطة‬
‫ الغبار‬š. al-gubār vacuum cleaner
‫ شفع‬šafa‘a a (šaf‘) to double (‫ ھـ‬s.th.); to
attach, add, subjoin (‫ ھـ ب‬to s.th. s.th.),
enclose (‫ ھـ ب‬in s.th. s.th.); to give the
(right of) pre-emption (‫ ه ب‬to s.o. on s.th.),
grant (‫ ه‬s.o.) the lint refusal (‫ ب‬of s.th.); --
(‫ شفاعة‬šafā‘a) to mediate, use one’s good
offices, put in a good word, intercede,
intervene, plead (‫ ل‬or ‫ في‬for or on behalf
of s.o., ‫ الى‬with s.o. else) V to mediate, use
one’s good offices, put in a good word,
intercede, intervene, plead (‫ ل الى‬or ‫ في‬for
or on behalf of s.o. with s.o. else)
‫ شفع‬šaf‘ pl. ‫ اشفاع‬ašfā‘, ‫ شفاع‬šifā‘ either
part of a pair; even number
‫ شفع‬šaf‘ diplopia, double vision of a
single object
‫ شفعي‬šaf‘ī even (of a number)
‫ شفعة‬šuf‘a (right of) pre-emption
‫ شفيع‬šafī‘ pl. ‫ شفعاء‬šufa‘ā’2 mediator,
intercessor, advocate; patron saint (Chr.);
holder of the right of pre-emption,
preemptor
‫ شفاعة‬šafā‘a mediation, intercession,
advocacy
‫ شافع‬šāfi‘ mediator, intercessor,
advocate; holder of the right of pre-
emption, pre-emptor
‫ الشافععي‬aš-šāfi‘ī founder of one of the
four orthodox Islamic schools of theology;
‫ شافعي‬Shafiitic; (pl. -ūn, ‫ شوافع‬šawāfi‘)
adherent of the Shafiitic school, Shafiite
‫ مشفوع‬mašfū‘ accompanied (‫ ب‬by),
attended, combined (‫ ب‬with)
‫ شفق‬IV to pity, commiserate (‫ على‬s.o.), feel
pity (‫ على‬for), sympathize (‫ على‬with); to be
concerned (‫ ان‬that, ‫ على‬about) worry (‫ان‬
that, ‫ على‬about), fear (‫ ان‬that, ‫ على‬for, ‫من‬
s.o., s.th.), be apprehensive, feel anxiety (
‫ على‬about, ‫ من‬as a result of); to shun, shirk
 (‫ من‬s.th.), beware (‫ من‬of), be on one’s
guard (‫ من‬against)
‫ شفق‬šafaq evening glow, twilight, dusk
│ ‫( الشفق الجنوبي‬janūbī) aurora australis;
‫( الشفق الشمالي‬šamālī) aurora borealis; ‫الشفق‬
‫( القطبي‬quṭbī) polar light; ‫ شفق اآللھة‬Twilight
of the Gods
‫ شفقة‬šafaqa compassion,
commiseration, pity, sympathy,
kind(li)ness, tenderness, affectionateness,
solicitude, loving care │ ‫ عديم الشفقة‬pitiless,
merciless
‫ شفوق‬šafūq compassionate,
sympathetic, affectionate, tender,
solicitous, kind(ly)
‫ شفيق‬šafīq compassionate, sympathetic,
affectionate, tender, solicitous, kind(ly)
‫ اشفاق‬išfāq compassion, pity, sympathy;
tenderness, affectionateness; care,
solicitude; concern, worry, anxiety,
apprehension 478
‫ شافن‬šāfin proud
‫ شفه‬III to speak (mouth to mouth) (‫ ه‬to s.o.)
‫ شفه‬pl. ‫ شفوات‬،‫ شفاه‬see 2 ‫شف‬
‫ شفھي‬šafahī lip-, labio- (in compounds),
labial; oral; ‫ الشفھي‬orals (= oral
examination); ‫ شفھيا‬šafahīyan orally │
‫ الحروف الشفھية‬the labials b, f, m, w (phon.)
‫ شفاھا‬šifāhan orally
‫ شفاھي‬šifāhī oral; ‫ الشفاھي‬the orals (=
oral examination); ‫ شفاھيا‬šifāhīyan orally
‫ مشافھة‬mušāfahatan orally
‫ شفو‬IV to be very close (‫ على‬to s.th.), be on the
verge, on the brink of s.th. (‫على( │ اشفى به‬
‫( على حافة اليأس‬ḥāffat al-ya’s) he brought
him to the brink of despair
‫ شفا‬šafan pl. ‫ شفاء‬ašfā’ edge, rim,
border, brink, verge
‫ شفوي‬šafawī lip-, labio- (in
compounds), labial; oral; ‫ شفويا‬šafawīyan
orally │ ‫ الحروف الشفوية‬the labials b, f, m, w
(phon.)
‫ مشف‬mušfin moribund, doomed to death
‫ شفى‬šafā i (‫ شفاء‬šifā’) to cure (‫ ه من‬s.o. of a
disease), heal (‫ ه من‬s.o. of a disease, ‫ ھـ‬a
wound), make (‫ ه‬s.o.) well, restore (‫ ه‬s.o.)
to health; -- pass. šufya to be healed, be
cured, be restored to health, recover,
convalesce, recuperate; to heal, heal up
(wound) │ ‫( )شفي غلته )غليله‬gullatahū) to
quench one’s thirst, gratify one’s desire,
satisfy one’s thirst for revenge; ‫شفي غيظه‬
‫( من‬gaiẓahū) to vent one’s anger on s.o.,
take it out on s.o. V and VIII to be cured,
be healed, be restored to health (‫ ب‬by); to
take revenge, avenge o.s., satisfy one’s
thirst for revenge, vent one’s anger, take it
out (‫ من‬on) X to seek a cure
‫ شفاء‬šifā’ cure, healing, restoration,
recovery, recuperation, convalescence;
satisfaction, gratification; (pl. ‫ اشفية‬ašfiyah,
‫ اشاف‬ašāfin) remedy, medicament,
medication, medicine │ ‫ قابل للشفاء‬curable
‫` شفائي‬sifā’ī healing, curative,
medicative
‫ مشفى‬mašfan pl. ‫ مشاف‬mašāfīn2 hospital
‫ تشف‬tašaffin gratification of one’s thirst
for revenge, satisfaction
‫ استشفاء‬istišfā’ seeking of a cure; cure,
(course of) treatment
‫ شاف‬šāfin healing, curative, medicative,
salutary; satisfactory, clear, unquivocal (of
an answer)
‫ مستشفى‬mustašfā pl. ‫مستشفيات‬
mustaštayāt hospital; field hospital;
sanitorium │ ‫ مستشفى المجاذيب‬insane
asylum, mental hospital
‫ شق‬šaqqa u (šaqq) to split, cleave, part, tear,
rend, rip (‫ ھـ‬s.th.); to break (‫ ھـ‬s.th.); to
plow, till, break up (‫ ھـ‬the ground); ‫ھـ‬to
furrow, traverse, cross (‫ ھـ‬s.th.); to pass
go, travel (‫ ھـ‬through a region); to break
(dawn); -- (‫ شقوق‬šuqūq) to break forth,
shoot up, sprout (plant), break through,
erupt (tooth); -- (šaqq, ‫ مشقة‬mašaqqa) to
be heavy, oppressive, burden some
unbearable (‫ على‬for s.o.); to grieve, trouble
(‫ على‬s.o.); to molest, harass inconvenience
(‫ على‬s.o.), be troublesome, cumbersome (
‫ على‬for s.o.); to visit (‫ على‬s.o.). call (‫على‬
upon s.o.) │ ‫( شقت جيبه‬jaibahā) to tear the
front of the garment as a sign of mourning
(woman); ‫ شق سبيال‬to cut, or open, a way
for o.s.; ‫ شق السكون‬to break the silence; ‫شق‬
‫ )شارعا )طريقا‬to build a street (a road); ‫شق‬
‫ طريقه‬to force one’s way, plow ahead; ‫شق‬
‫ طريقا جديدا‬to open up, or enter upon, a new
path 479
(fig.); ‫‘( شق العصا‬aṣā) to part from the
community, break with the community;
‫‘( شق عصا الطاعة‬aṣā ṭ-ṭā‘a) to rebel, revolt,
renounce allegiance; ‫‘( شق عصا القوم‬aṣā l-
qaum) to sow discord among people; ‫ما شق‬
‫( غبارھم‬gubārahum) he did not reach their
mark; ‫( ال يشق غباره‬yušaqqu gubaruhū) he
is unsurpassable, he is incomparable, there
is no one like him II to split (‫ ھـ‬s.th.); to
tear open, rip open, slit open (‫ ھـ‬s.th.) V to
be split, be cleft; to split, crack, bunt; to be
cracked VII to be split, be cleft; to split,
crack, burst; to split off, separate,
segregate, secede, break away, withdraw (
‫ عن‬from), break (‫ عن‬with), renounce (‫عن‬
s.th.); to become a schismatic (Chr.); to
break (dawn) │ ‫‘( انشقت عصاھم‬aṣāhum)
they fell out (with one another); ‫انشقت‬
‫( مرارته‬marāratuhū) he exploded (with
anger), he blew his top VIII to derive (‫ھـ‬
‫ من‬word from)
‫ شق‬šaqq pl. ‫ شقوق‬šuqūq fissure, crack,
chink, crevice, rift, cleft, crevasse, chasm,
split, rent, tear, rip, gap, slit, slot; half,
moiety; -- fission, splitting, cracking,
cleavage │ ‫ شق الذرة‬š. ad-darra atomic
fission
‫ شق‬šiqq half, side, part, portion;
trouble, difficulty, hardship │ ‫شق المعارضة‬
š. al-mu‘āraḍa opposition party; ‫ اال‬... ‫ال‬
‫( بشق األنفس‬illā bi-šiqqi l-anfus), ‫بشق النفس‬
only with great effort, with great
difficulty, barely
‫ شقة‬šaqqa rift, tear, rip, fissure, crack,
split, crevice
‫ شقة‬šiqqa pl. ‫ شقق‬šiqaq, ‫ شقاق‬šiqāq a
half, moiety; piece; splinter; trouble, toil,
labor, difficulty, hardship; difficult
journey; destination of a journey; distance
‫ شقة‬šiqqa, šaqqa pl. ‫ شقق‬šiqaq
apartment, flat, split-level apartment;
compertmeut (in a train)
‫ شقة‬šuqqa pl. ‫ شقق‬šuqaq trouble, toil,
labor, difficulty, hardship; difficult
journey; destination of a journey; distance
│ ‫ بعد الشقة‬bu‘d aš-šuqqa (and aš-šiqqa)
large or wide distance; ‫ بعيد الشقة‬b. aš-šiqqa
(and aš-šiqqa) far away, distant, remote
‫ شقيق‬šaqīq a half, moiety; (pl. ‫اشقة‬
ašiqqa, ‫ اشقاء‬ašiqqā’) full brother, brother
on the paternal and maternal side;
(attributively) brother-, sister-; -- anemone
│ ‫( القطر الشقيق‬quṭr) the brother country;
‫( الدول الشقيقة‬duwal) the sister states (esp.
with reference to Arab countries)
‫ شقيقة‬šaqīqa pl. -āt, ‫ شقائق‬šaqā’iq2 full
sister, sister on the paternal and maternal
side; hemicrania, migraine │ ‫شقائق النعمان‬
š. an-nu‘mān red anemones (bot.)
‫ اشق‬ašaqq2 more troublesome, more
tiresome, more difficult, harder
‫ مشقة‬mašaqqa pl. -āt, ‫ مشاق‬mašāqq2
trouble, toil, labor, difficulty, hardship
‫ شقاق‬šiqāq disunity, dissension, discord
‫ انشقاق‬inšiqāq separation, segregation,
dissociation, spilt; schism (Chr.);
dissension, discord, disunion
‫ اشتقاق‬ištiqāiq derivation, etymology (of
a word)
‫ شاق‬šāqq troublesome, tiresome,
wearisome, cumbersome, tiresome,
tedious, fatiguing, arduous, onerous,
difficult, hard │ ‫ اشغال شاقة‬hard labor
‫ مشاق‬mušāqq schismatic (Chr.)
‫ مشتق‬muštaqq pl. -āt derivative (gram.)
‫ شقح‬IV to send far away, remove to a distant
place (‫ ه‬s.o.)
‫ شقذف‬šuqduf pl. ‫ شقاذف‬šaqādif2 a kind of sedan
480
‫ شقر‬šaqira a (šaqar) and šaqura u (‫شقرة‬
šuqra) to be of fair complexion, be light
skinned; to be blond, fair-haired
‫ شقر‬šaqar fair-complexionedness;
blondness
‫ شقرة‬šuqra fair-complexionedness;
blondness; redness
‫ اشقر‬ašqar2, f. ‫ شقراء‬šaqrā’2, pl. ‫ شقر‬šuqr
fair-complexioned, light skinned; blond,
fair-haired; reddish
‫ شقرق‬saqraqa to be gay, cheerful, be
exhilarated, amuse o.s.
‫ شقشق‬šaqšaqa to twitter, peep, chirp; to babble
(‫ ب‬s.th.); to peep, break (dawn) │ ‫شقشق‬
‫ بالحديث عن‬to chat, chatter about s.th.
 ‫ شقشقة‬šaqšaqa pl. -āt twitter(ing),
peopling), chirp(ing); (silly) prattle; pl.
‫ شقاشق‬šaqāšiq2 rigmarole, rambling talk │
‫( شقشقة اللسان‬silly) prattle; ‫ شقشقة النھار‬s. an-
nahār daybreak, peep of dawn
‫ شقشقة‬šiqšiqa pl. ‫ شقاشق‬šaqāšiq2 faucal
bag of the camel
‫ شقف‬šaqaf (coll.; n. un. ‫( )ة‬pot)sherds
‫ شقافة‬šuqāfa (pot)sherds
1
‫ شاقل‬šāqil shekel
2
‫ شاقول‬šāqūl plumbline, plummet
‫ شقلب‬šaqlaba to turn things upside down, upset
things II tašaqlaba to be upset, be toppled;
to turn a somersault
‫ شقلبة‬šaqlaba pl. -āt somersault
(‫ شقو‬and ‫ شقي( شقا‬šaqā u (‫ شقو‬šaqw) to
make (‫ ه‬s.o.) unhappy, miserable,
wretched, distress (‫ ه‬s.o.); -- ‫ شقي‬šaqiya a (
‫ شقاء‬šaqā’, ‫ شقاوة‬saqāwa, ‫ شقوة‬šaqwa) to be
unhappy, miserable, wretched, distressed;
to have trouble (‫ ب‬with, in s.th.) IV to
make (‫ ه‬s.o.) unhappy, miserable,
1
wretched, distress (‫ ه‬s.o.)
‫ شقاء‬šaqā’ and ‫ شقا‬saqan misfortune,
distress, misery, wretchedness, pain,
suffering; hardship, trouble, toil, drudgery
‫ شقي‬šaqīy pl. ‫ اشقياء‬ašqiyā’2 unhappy,
unlucky, miserable, wretched, distressed;
damned; wretch, villain, culprit, criminal,
scoundrel, rogue; nasty, naughty,
mischievous
‫ شقوة‬šaqwa misfortune, distress, misery
‫ شقاوة‬saqāwa misfortune, distress,
misery; mischief, nastiness, naughtiness
1
‫ شك‬šakka u (šakk) to pierce, transfix (‫ ه‬s.o. ‫ب‬
with); to impale, spit (‫ ھـ ب‬s.th. on); to
prick, stab (‫ ھـ‬s.th.); to doubt (‫ ب‬or ‫ في‬s.o.,
s.th.); to distrust, suspect, question (‫ ب‬or
‫ في‬s.o., s.th.), entertain doubts, have
misgivings (‫ ب‬or ‫ في‬about s.o., about
s.th.); to be skeptical II to make (‫ ه‬s.o.)
doubt (‫ في‬s.th.), fill (‫ ه‬s.o.) with doubt,
misgivings, skepticism, suspicion (‫في‬
about) V to doubt (‫ ب‬or ‫ في‬s.o., s.th.), have
doubts (‫ ب‬or ‫ في‬about); to be skeptical,
have misgivings
2
‫ شك‬šakk pl. ‫ شكوك‬šukūk doubt,
uncertainty, suspicion, misgiving │ ‫بال شك‬
(bi-lā), ‫( ال شك‬šakka), ‫ وال شك‬wa-lā šakka,
‫ من دون شك‬min dūni šakk without doubt,
doubtless, undoubtedly, indubitably,
certainly, positively; ‫ال سبيل الى الشك فيه‬
(sabīla) doubtless, indubitable, beyond
any doubt; ‫( ال يتطرق اليه الشك‬yataṭarraqu,
šakku) do.
‫ شكة‬šakka stab, tšhrust, jab (with the
point of a weapon)
‫ تشكك‬tašakkuk doubt; skepticism
‫ شاك‬šākk doubting, in doubt, skeptical
│ ‫ شاك السالح‬or ‫ شاك في السالح‬armed to the
teeth, bristling with arms
‫ مشكوك فيه‬maškūk fīhi doubtful, dubious,
uncertain; ‫( مشكوك في امره‬amrihī)
suspect(ed) 481
2
‫ شكك‬šakkaka (eg.) to sell on credit; to buy on
credit; to borrow
‫ شكك‬šukuk (eg.) on credit
3
‫( شك‬Fr. chèque) pl. ‫ شكات‬check
‫ شكر‬šakara u (šukr, ‫ شكران‬šukrān) to thank (‫ل‬
or ‫ ه‬s.o., ‫ على‬or ‫ ل‬or ‫ ه‬for s.th.), be
thankful, grateful (‫ ل‬or ‫ ه‬to s.o., ‫ على‬or ‫ ل‬or
‫ ه‬for s.th.); to praise, laud, extol (‫ ل‬or ‫ه‬
s.o.) │ ‫( يشكر عليه‬yuškaru) worthy of
thanks, deserving acknowledgment,
meritorious, praiseworthy V to thank (‫ھـ ل‬
s.o. for s.th.), be thankful, grateful (‫ ھـ ل‬to
s.o. for s.th.)
‫ شكر‬šukr pl. ‫ شكور‬šukūr thankfulness,
gratefulness, gratitude; thanks,
acknowledgment; praise, laudation │ ‫شكرا‬
‫ لك‬šukran lak I thank you! thanks! ‫شكره‬
‫ شكرا جزيال‬to express many thanks to s.o.
‫ شكري‬šukrī of thanks, thanking
‫ شكران‬šukrān thankfulness,
gratefulness, gratitude; thanks,
acknowledgment; praise, laudation
‫ شكور‬šakūr very thankful
‫ شاكر‬šākir thankful, grateful
‫ مشكور‬maškūr worthy of thanks,
deserving acknowledgment, meritorious,
praiseworthy
‫ شكارة‬šikāra pl. ‫ شكائر‬šakā’ir2 (eg.) sack,
gunny sack
3
‫ شوكران‬look up alphabetically
4 form of perception, perceptual form (as
‫ شيكران‬look up alphabetically
‫ شكس‬šakusa u (‫ شكاسة‬šakāsa) and šakisa a
(šakas) to be malicious, spiteful,
querulous, quarrelsome, peevish, petulant,
ill-tempered, morose, surly, sullen, sulky,
grumpy, unfriendly III to pick a quarrel, to
quarrel (‫ ه‬with s.o.) VI to quarrel (with
one another), be querulous, quarrelsome,
petulant; to be incongruous
‫ شكس‬šakis pl. ‫ شكس‬šuks malicious,
spiteful, querulous, quarrelsome, peevish,
petulant, ill-tempered, morose, surly,
sullen, sulky, grumpy, unfriendly
‫ شكاسة‬šakāsa malice, spite,
querulousness, peevishness, petulance, ill-
temperedneess, moroseness, surliness,
sullenness, sulkiness, grumpiness,
unfriendliness; rudeness
‫ مشاكسة‬mušākasa pl. -āt quarrel,
controversy, dispute, wrangle; plot,
conspiracy; moroseness, surliness,
grumpiness; petulance, nagging,
querulousness
‫ تشاكس‬tašākus incongruity, absurdity
‫ شاكوش‬and ‫ شكوش‬look up alphabetically
‫ شكل‬šakala u (šakl) to hobble (‫ ھـ بالشكال‬an
animal with the šikāl, q.v.); to vowel,
point, provide with vowel points (‫ ھـ‬a
text); to be dubious, ambiguous,
equivocal, vague, obscure, intricate,
difficult II = I; to shape, fashion, form,
create, mold, organize, build up (‫ ھـ‬s.th.);
to diversify, vary, variegate (‫ ھـ‬s.th.),
bring variety (‫ ھـ‬into s.th.) III to be similar
(‫ ه‬،‫ ھـ‬to s.o., to s.th.), resemble (‫ ه‬،‫ ھـ‬s.o.,
s.th.), be like s.o. or s.th. (‫ ه‬،‫ )ھـ‬IV to be
dubious, ambiguous, equivocal, vague,
obscure, intricate, difficult (‫ على‬for s.o.) V
to be formed, fashioned, shaped, molded,
created, organized, built up, take form,
take shape; to be variegated, shaded,
graded, form various gradation; to
materialize, appear in visible form (‫ ل‬to
s.o.) │ ‫( تشكل بشكله‬bi-šaklihī) to take on the
shape of s.o., assume the form of s.th. X to
regard as dubious (‫ ه‬s.th.); = IV
‫ شكل‬šakl pl. ‫ اشكال‬aškāl, ‫ شكول‬šukūl
similarity, resemblance, likeness; outward
appearance, figure, form, shape, build;
opposed to matter or content; philos.); 482
type, out, pattern; mode, manner; sort,
kind, specimen; ‫ شكل‬vowelization,
voweling; ‫ شكال‬formally, in form │ ‫ھم‬
‫ وأشكالھم‬they and the like of them
‫ شكلي‬šaklī formal; pl. ‫ شكليات‬formalities
O ‫ شكلية‬šaklīya formalism
‫ شكل‬šikl coquetry, coquettishness
‫ شكلة‬šakila coquettish woman, coquette,
flirt
‫ شكلي‬šuklī quarrelsome, peevish
‫ شكل‬šikal pl. -āt, ‫ شكل‬šukul fetter,
hobble (for shackling the feet of a riding
animal)
‫ تشكيل‬taškīl pl. -āt forming, formation,
shaping, molding, fashioning, creation,
organization, building up; order of march
(mil.); pl. ‫ تشكيالت‬formations;
organizations
‫ تشكيلة‬taškīla assortment, selection,
variety; formation
‫ مشاكلة‬mušākala similarity,
resemblance, likeness
‫ اشكال‬iškāl dubiosity, ambiguity,
obscurity, vagueness
‫ تشاكل‬tašākul similarity, resemblance
‫ شاكلة‬šākila way, manner, mode; (pl.
‫ شواكل‬šawākil2) flank, side, groin │ ‫على‬
‫ شاكلة‬in the manner of, of the kind of, like,
‫ على شاكلتھم‬of their kind, like them; ‫كان على‬
‫ شاكلتھم‬to be of the same kind, of the same
strain as s.th.
‫ مشكل‬mušakkal different, diverse,
manifold, miscellaneous, variegated;
vowel(iz)ed
‫ مشكل‬muškil turbid, murky (liquid);
dubious, ambiguous, equivocal, obscure,
vague, hazy; difficult, intricate, involved,
problematic; problem, unsolved question,
issue; difficulty
‫ مشكلة‬muškila pl. -āt, ‫ مشاكل‬mašākil2
problem, unsolved question, issue;
difficulty
‫ شكم‬šakama u (šakm) to bridle (‫ ھـ‬an animal);
to bribe (‫ ه‬s.o.); to silence, gag, muzzle
(s.o.)
‫ شكيمة‬šakīma pl. ‫ شكائم‬šakā’im2, ‫شكم‬
šukum, ‫ شكيم‬šakīm bit, curb, snaffle,
bridoon; (pl. ‫ )شكائم‬O brake (of a wheel);
unruliness, unyieldingness obstinacy;
contempt, disdain, scorn │ ‫شديد الشكيمة‬
stubborn, obstinate, unyielding; ‫قوة الشكيمة‬
quwwat aš-š. energy; ‫ قوي الشكيمة‬qawīy aš-
š. energetic, vigorous, active
‫ شكه‬III to resemble (‫ ھـ‬s.th.), he like
s.th. (‫)ھـ‬
‫ )شكا )شكو‬šakā u (‫ شكو‬šakw, ‫شكوى‬
šakwā, ‫ شكاة‬šakāh, ‫ شكاية‬šikāya, ‫شكية‬
šakīya) to complain (‫ من‬or ‫ ه‬،‫ ھـ‬of, about, ‫ل‬
or ‫ الى‬to s.o., ‫ من‬or ‫ ھـ‬of or about s.th.),
make a complaint; to raise or lodge a
complaint (‫ من‬or ‫ ه‬،‫ ھـ‬of, about or against
s.o., ‫ ل‬or ‫ الى‬with s.o.); to suffer (‫ ھـ‬from
s.th.) V = I; VI to complain to one another
(‫ ھـ‬of, about s.th.) VIII = I
‫ شكوة‬šakwa complaint, grievance; (pl.
‫ شكوات‬šakawāt, ‫ شكاء‬šikā’) small skin (for
water or milk)
‫ شكوى‬šakwā pl. ‫ شكاوى‬šakāwā
complaint; accusation; suffering,
grievance
‫ شكاة‬šakāh complaint; accusation;
suffering, grievance
‫ شكاية‬šikāya complaint; accusation;
suffering, grievance
‫ شكية‬šakīya complaint; accusation;
suffering, grievance
‫ شكاء‬šakkā’ given to complaining,
querulous
‫ مشكاة‬miškāh pl. ‫ مشكاوات‬miškāwāt, ‫مشاك‬
mašākin niche (for a lamp); lamp, pendent
lamp 483
‫ شاك‬šākin complainant, plaintiff │ ‫شاكي‬
‫ السالح = شاك السالح‬šākk as-s.
(‫ منه( مشكو‬maškūw complained of,
accused, charged; an accused, defendant
‫ مشتك‬muštakin complainant, plaintiff
‫ مشتكى عليه‬muštaka ‘alaihi complained
of, accused, charged; an accused,
defendant
‫ شكوريا‬šikūriyā chicory
‫ شكوالته‬šukūlāta (eg.), šikōlāta (syr.), chocolate
‫ شاكوش‬and ‫ شكوش‬see ‫( شاكوش‬alphabetically)
‫ شل‬šalla a (šall, ‫ شلل‬šalal) to dry up, wither,
become crippled, stunted; to be paralyzed,
be lame; -- šalla u to paralyze (‫ ھـ‬s.th.) │
‫( شل حركته‬ḥarakatahū) to overwhelm s.o.,
‫ال‬ring s.o. down IV to cause (‫ ھـ‬the hand)
to wither; to paralyze (‫ ھـ‬s.th.); to
neutralize, bring to a stand-still (‫ ھـ‬s.th.)
VII to be paralyzed, be lamed
‫ شلة‬šalla destination (of a journey)
‫ شلة‬šilla pl. ‫ شلل‬šilal hank, skein (of
yarn); coil, spool; party, group
‫ شلل‬šalal paralysill, pelsy, paralyzation
(also fig.) │ ‫ شلل األطفال‬š. al-aṭfāl, ‫الشلل‬
‫( الطفلي‬ṭiflī) infantile paralysis,
poliomyelitis; ‫( الشالل االھتزازي‬ihtizāzī)
paralysis agitans, Parkinson’s disease
‫ شالل‬šallāl pl. -āt cataract, waterfall,
rapids
‫ اشل‬ašall2, f. ‫ شالء‬šallā’2 withered,
stunted (hand); paralyzed, lame; a
paralytic
‫ مشلول‬mašlūl paralyzed, lame
‫ شلبي‬šalabī dandyish, foppish; dandy,
fop; (pal.) nice, handsome, beautiful
1
‫ شلت‬II to kick
2
‫ شلتة‬šalta pl. -āt, ‫ شلت‬šilat mattress
‫ شلح‬šalaḥa a (šalḥ) to take off (‫ ثيابه‬tiyābahū
one’s clothes); to shed the cloth (‫)ھـ‬,
renounce the ministry (monk, prieat) II to
undress, disrobe, strip (‫ ه‬s.o.); to roh,
plunder (‫ ه‬s.o.)
‫ مشلح‬mašlaḥ pl. ‫ مشالح‬mašāliḥ, (syr.,
nejd.) long, sowing cloak of wool or
camel’s hair, also one with gold
embroidery
‫ تشليح‬tašlīḥ robbing, plundering,
robbery
‫ مشلح‬mušallaḥ dressing room (in a
public bath)
‫ شلشل‬šalšala to dribble, trickle
‫ شلفة‬šilfa (razor) blade
1
‫ شلق‬šalaqa u (šalq) to split lengthwise (‫ھـ‬
s.th.)
‫ شلق‬bale (e.g., of hay)
2 ‫ شامة‬šāmma sense of smell, olfaction
‫ شولقي‬šaulaqī person with a sweet tooth
‫ شليك‬look up alphabetically
1 ‫ )اشمأز )شمأز‬išma’azza = to contract, get
‫ شولم‬look up alphabetically
2
‫ شيلم‬look up alphabetically
‫( شلن‬Engl.) šilin pl. -āt shilling
‫ شلو‬šilw pl. ‫ اشالء‬ašlā’ corpse (esp. one in a
state of decay); severed member (of the
body); part torn off, fragment; remnant;
stump of a limb
‫( شليك‬Turk. çilek) šilek (eg.) strawberries
‫ شم‬šamma (1st pers. perf. šamimtu) a and (1st
pers. perf. šamamtu) u (šamm, ‫ شميم‬šamīm)
to smell, sniff (‫ ھـ‬s.th.); to snulf (‫ ھـ‬s.th.);
to emanate, exude (‫ من‬from) │ ‫شم النسيم‬
‫( ))الھواء‬hawā’a) to get a breath of fresh
air, take a walk; -- šamma (1st pers. perf.
šamimtu) a (‫ شمم‬šamam) to behave
proudly or haughtily, be proud, haughty,
supercilious II to give (‫ ھـ ه‬s.o. s.th.) to
smell, 484 let (‫ ه‬s.o.) smell (‫ ھـ‬s.th.) IV –
II V to savor the smell of s.th. (‫)ھـ‬, sniff (‫ھـ‬
s.th.) │ ‫ تشمم األخبار‬to nose about for news
VIII to smell, sniff (‫ ھـ‬s.th.); to gather,
understand (‫ من ھـ‬s.th. from), read (‫من ه‬
s.th. into)
‫ شم‬šamm smelling; sense of smell,
olfaction │ ‫ شم النسيم‬Egyptian popular
holiday on the Monday following the
Greek Coptic Easter at the end of March,
in April or in early May
‫ شمة‬šamma pinch (of snuff); smell,
odor; slight trace of s.th., whiff
‫ شمي‬šammī olfactory
‫ شمم‬šamam pride, haughtiness,
superciliousness
‫ شمام‬šammām pl. -ūn (tobacco) snuffer
‫ شمام‬šammām (coll.; n. un. ‫ )ة‬musk-
melon, cantaloupe
‫ اشم‬ašamm 2, f. ‫ شماء‬šammā’2, pl. ‫شم‬
šumm having a sensitive, or good, nose;
supercilious, haughty; proud (in a
complimentary sense); highborn; most
honorable
‫ اإلشمام‬al-išmām the pronunciation of u
with a trace of i, as rüdda for rudda, and
vice versa, qǖla for qīla (gram.)
‫ مشموم‬mašmūm musk
contracted, shrink; to shrink back, recoil (
‫ من‬from), shudder (‫ من‬at), abhor, detest (‫من‬
s.th.), feel disgust (‫ من‬for), be nauseated (
‫ من‬by)
‫ اشمئزاز‬išmi’zāz shudder; disgust,
aversion, repugnance
‫ مشمئز‬mušma’izz disgusted, nauseated,
revolted (‫ من‬by)
‫( شمبانيا‬Fr.) šambanyā champagne
‫ شمت‬šamita a (‫ شمات‬šamāt, ‫ شماتة‬šamāta) to
rejoice at the misfortune of s.o. (‫)ب‬, gloat
over s.o.’s (‫ )ب‬mishaps, savor s.o.’s (‫)ب‬
bad luck II to disappoint (‫ ه‬s.o.) IV to
cause s.o. (‫ )ه‬to take malicious pleasure in
the mishaps of another (‫)ب‬
‫ شمات‬šamāt malicious joy,
Schadenfreude
‫ شماتة‬šaamāta malicious joy,
Schadenfreude, malice
‫ شامت‬šāmit pl. ‫ شمات‬šummāt, pl. f. ‫شوامت‬
šawāmit2 enjoying another’s misfortune,
malicious, gloating
‫ شمخ‬šamaka a (samk, ‫ شموخ‬šumūk) to be
high, tall, lofty, tower up, loom
(mountain, building); to disdain (‫على‬
s.th.), turn up one’s nose (‫ على‬at s.th.) │
‫( )شمخ بأنفه )انفه‬bi-anfihī, anfahū) to be
arrogant, haughty, proud, supercilious VI
to be high, tall, lofty, tower up, loom; to
be boastful, put on airs; to be proud,
haughty, supercilious
‫ تشامخ‬tašāmuk pride, haughtiness,
arrogance
‫ شامخ‬šāmik pl. ‫ شمخ‬šummak, ‫شوامخ‬
šawāmik2 high, tall, lofty, towering;
proud, haughty, supercilious │ ‫شامخ األنف‬
š. al-anf proud, haughty, supercilious,
arrogant
‫ متشامخ‬mutašāmik high, tall, lofty,
towering; proud, haughty, supercilious;
towering in lofty heights
‫ مشمخر‬mušmakirr lofty, towering (of
buildings)
‫ شمر‬II to gather up, lift, roll up, tuck up,
turn up (‫ ھـ‬a garment); to prepare, get
ready │ ‫ شمر لألمر‬to embark upon s.th.,
buckle down to s.th.; ‫ شمر عن ساعده‬to bare
the upper arm (by rolling up the sleeve),
get to work; ‫( شمر عن يد الجد‬s. al-jidd) to
buckle dawn to a job, rally all one’s
forces, put one’s shoulder to the wheel V
to set to work briskly 485
‫ شمر‬šamar fennel (bot.)
‫ شمرة‬šumra, šamra fennel
‫ شمار‬šamār fennel
‫ مشمر‬mušammir busily at work in (an
activity)
2
‫ شمروخ‬šumrūk pl. ‫ شماريخ‬šamārīk stalk with
date cluster; date-palm panicle, branch
stripped of its leaves; little stick;
detonator, primer cap
‫ اشمأز‬see ‫شمأز‬
‫ شمس‬šamasa u (‫ شموس‬šumūs, ‫ شماس‬šimās) to
be headstrong, balky, restive (of a horse);
-- šamasa i u and šamisa a (šamas) to be
sunny (day) II to expose (‫ ھـ‬s.th.) to the
sun, lay ( ‫ھـ‬s.th.) out in the sun to dry; to
perform the office of deacon (Chr.) IV to
be sunny (day) V to bask, sun o.s., lie or
sit in the sun
‫ شمس‬šams f., pl. ‫ شموس‬šumūs sun │
‫ سمت الشمس‬samt aš-š. ecliptic (astron.);
‫ شروق الشمس‬sunrise; ‫ ضربة الشمس‬ḍarbat aš-
š. sunstroke, heat prostration; ‫عباد الشمس‬
‘abbād aš-š. sunflower; ‫ غروب الشمس‬sunset
‫ شمسي‬šamsī sun- (in compounds), solar
│ ‫( الحروف الشمسية‬gram.) the sun letters
(which assimilate the l of the article);
‫( صورة شمسية‬ṣūra) photograph, photo;
‫ التصوير الشمسي‬phtoography
‫ شمسية‬šamsīya pl. -āt (colloq. ‫شماسي‬
šamāsī) sunshade, parasol; umbrella;
curtain, screen; stop (of a wind
instrument) │ ‫ شمسية الشباك‬š. aš-ubbāk
window curtain, drape; O ‫ شمسية الطيار‬š. aṭ-
ṭayyār parachute
‫ شموس‬šamūs pl. ‫ شمس‬šumus headstrong,
balky, restive (horse)
‫ شماس‬šammās pl. ‫ شممسة‬šamāmisa
deacon of the lower rank of the ministry,
nowadays, with unconsecrated persons
frequently performing this office,
corresponding to the sexton or sacristan
(Chr.); acolyte and liturgical cantor of
Oriental Christian rites (clerics and
laymen)
‫ شامس‬šamis sunny (day)
‫ مشمس‬mušmis sunny (day)
‫ شمشم‬šamšama to sniff (‫ ھـ‬s.th.)
‫ شمط‬šamiṭa a (šamaṭ) to become gray, haired,
turn gray
‫ اشمط‬ašmaṭ2, f. ‫ شمطاء‬šamṭā’ 2, pl. ‫شمط‬
šumṭ, ‫ شمطان‬gray-haired
‫ شمع‬II to rub, or smear, with wax, to wax (‫ھـ‬
s.th.) │ ‫( شمع الفتلة‬fatla) to slip away,
abscond, make off, decamp
‫ شمع‬šam‘, šama‘ (coll.; n. un. ‫ )ة‬pl. ‫شموع‬
šumū‘ wax; (wax) candles │ ‫الشمع األحمر‬
sealing wax; ‫ شمع الختم‬š. al-katm do.; ‫شمع‬
‫( لتلميع األرضية‬li-talmī‘ al-araḍīya) floor
wax
‫ شمعة‬šam‘a, šama‘a (n. un.) (wax)
candle │ O ‫ شمعة الشرارة‬š. aš-šarāra spark
plug
‫ شمعي‬šam‘ī, šama‘ī waxy, waxen,
ceraceous, cero- (in compounds), made of
wax
‫ شماع‬šammā‘ chandler, maker or seller
of candles
‫ شماعة‬šammā‘a clothes rack, clothes
peg, hat rack
‫ مشمع‬mušamma‘ waterproof,
impermeable (of a garment); -- (pl. -āt)
waterproof material; impregnated linen;
waterproof cover or coating; oilcloth, wax
cloth; linoleum │ ‫( مشمع بتيومين للسقف‬li-s-
saqf) bituminous roof covering, roofing
felt, tar paper; ‫( معطف مشمع‬mi‘ṭaf) raincoat
‫ شمعدان‬šam‘addān pl. -āt, ‫ شماعد‬šamā‘id2,
‫ شماعدين‬candlestick, candelabrum
‫ يشمق‬look up alphabetically 486
1
‫ شمل‬šamila a (šamal) and šamala u (šaml,
‫ شمول‬šumūl) to contain, comprise,
comprehend, enclose (‫ ھـ‬s.th.); to imply,
implicate, include (‫ ھـ‬s.th.); to touch,

affect, fill, overcome, pervade (‫ ه‬،‫ ھـ‬s.o.,
s.th., of feelings, emotions); to prevail, be
general, universal │ ‫شمله بعنايته‬
(bi-‘ināyatihī) to bestow one’s care on
s.o., take s.o. under one’s wing V ‫تشمل‬
‫ بالشملة‬to wrap o.s. in the šamla (q.v.) VIII
= V; to wrap o.s. (‫ ب‬،‫ ھـ‬in s.th.); to
contain, comprise, comprehend, enclose,
enfold, imply, implicate, include (‫على‬
s.th.) │ ‫( اشتمله السواد‬sawādu) it was
completely black
‫ شمل‬šaml uniting, gathering,
concentration; unity. union │ ‫جمع الشمل‬
jam‘ aš-š. reunion, reunification; ‫اجتماع‬
‫ الشمل‬reunion; unity, union; ‫مزق شمله‬
mazzaqa šamlahū to break up, dismember,
dismantle, parcel s.th.; to partition s.th.,
divide s.th. up
‫ شملة‬šamla pl. šamalāt cloak; turban │
‫ ام شملة‬ummu šamlata the world, the
temporal joys
‫ شمائل‬šamā’il2 (pl.) good qualities;
character, nature
‫ اشمل‬ašmal more comprehensive; more
general, more universal
‫ شامل‬šāmil comprehensive, exhaustive;
general, universal, complete, total
‫ مشمول‬mašmūl contained, comprised,
included, implied │ ‫( مشمول برعايته‬bi-
ri‘āyatihī) enjoying the protection or
patronage of s.o.; ‫ مشموالت الوظيفة‬the
inherent functions of an office
‫ مشتمل‬muštamal comprising, containing,
including (‫ على‬s.th.)
‫ مشتمل‬muštamal cottage (for rent)
‫ مشتمالت‬muštamalāt contents
2 ‫ شنشنة‬šanšana rustling (of paper); cracking,
‫ شمال‬šamāl, šimāl north; north wind; šimāl
left hand; left side; left; ‫ الشمال‬the left
(pol.); ‫ شمال‬šimāla north of …; ‫شماال‬
šimālan to the left; northward, to the north
│ ‫( شمال شرقي‬šarqī) northeast; ‫شمال غربي‬
(garbī) northwest; ‫ كوكب الشمال‬kaukab aš-
š. polar star; ‫( اليد الشمال‬yad) the left hand
‫ شمالي‬šamalī, šimālī northern, northerly,
north; situated on the left; ‫ الشماليون‬the
leftist parties (pol.) │ ‫( الشفق الشمالي‬šafaq)
aurora borealis, northern lights
3
‫شملول‬šumlūl pl. ‫ شماليل‬šamālīl2 small amount,
small quantity; -- (eg.) šamlūl brisk, vivid,
agile, lively, nimble
4
‫ مشمال‬،‫ مشملة‬look up alphabetically
‫ شمندر‬šamandar white beet, chard
‫ شمندورة‬šamandūra buoy
1
‫ شن‬šanna u (šann): ‫( شن غارة‬gāratan) to make
a raid, an invasion; to make an attack,
launch an attack (‫ على‬against, on) IV = I
‫ شن‬šann pl. ‫ شنون‬šunūn (water)skin
‫ مشنة‬mišanna basket without handles
‫ اشنان‬look up alphabetically
‫ شنأ‬šana’a a (‫ شنآن‬šan’ān, šana’ān) to hate
‫ شنب‬šanab pl. ‫ اشنب‬ašnāb mustache
‫ شنتيان‬šintiyān pl. ‫ شناتين‬šanātīn2 loose trousers
resembling pantalets, worn by women
‫ شنج‬šanija a (šanaj) to contract, shrink; to
suffer from convulsions V = I; to twitch
‫ تشنج‬tašannuj contraction, shriveling,
shrinking (of the skin); convulsive
contraction (of a muscle), twitch, jerk,
convulsion, spasm, fit, cramp │ ‫التشنج‬
‫( الرعشي‬ra‘šī) clonic spasm; ‫التشنج الكزازي‬
(kuzāzī) tonic spasm
‫ تشنجي‬tašannujī spastic, spasmodic,
cramplike, paroxysmal, convulsive 487
‫ شنخوبة‬šunkūba pl. ‫ شناخيب‬šanākīb2 large rock,
boulder
‫ شنر‬II to blame, censure, revile, slander, abuse
(‫ على‬s.o.)
‫ شنار‬šanār disgrace, ignominy
‫ شنارق‬šanāriq2 = ‫ شرانق‬šarāniq2
crackling
‫ شنشنة‬šinšina pl. ‫ شناشن‬šanāšin2 nature,
disposition; habit, custom, practice
1
‫ شنيطة‬šunaiṭa knot; noose, loop
2
‫ شنطة‬šanṭa pl. ‫ شنط‬šunaṭ suitcase; satchel;
bag, traveling bag │ ‫ شنطة اليد‬š. al-yad
handbag
‫ شنع‬šanu‘a u (šana‘, ‫ شناعة‬šana‘a) to be ugly,
abominable, repugnant, repulsive,
atrocious, hideous, horrid, horrible,
disgraceful; -- šana‘a a (šan‘) to dishonor,
 disgrace (‫ ب‬or ‫ ه‬s.o.) II to calumniate,
slander, revile, defame (‫ على‬s.o.); to
pillory, expose, condemn, denounce (‫على‬
s.o., s.th.)
‫ شنع‬šanī‘ ugly, abominable, repugnant,
repulsive, disgusting, atrocious, hideous,
horrid, horrible, disgraceful, ignominious
‫ شنعة‬šun‘a ugliness, hideousness,
horridness, repulsiveness
‫ شنيع‬šanī‘ ugly, abominable, repugnant,
repulsive, disgusting, atrocious, hideous,
horrid, horrible, disgraceful, ignominious
‫ شناعة‬šanā‘a ugliness, hideousness,
horridness, repulsiveness
‫ اشنع‬ašna‘2, f. ‫ شنعاء‬šan‘ā’2 ugly,
abominable, repugnant, repulsive,
disgusting, atrocious, hideous, horrid,
horrible, disgraceful, ignominious
‫ شنغوبة‬šungūba pl. ‫ شناغيب‬šanāgīb2
spicate protuberance; thorn, spike
‫ شنف‬II ‫( شنف اآلذان‬ādāna) to please the ears, to
delight (of a voice)
‫ شنف‬sanf pl. ‫ شنوف‬šunūf earring
‫ شنق‬šanaqa u (šanq) to hang (‫ ھـ‬s.th., ‫ ه‬s.o. on
the gallows)
‫ شنق‬šanq hanging
‫ شنق‬šanaq rope
‫ مشنقة‬mišnaqa pl. ‫ مشانق‬mašāniq2
gallows, gibbet; scaffold, place of
execution (by hanging); mašnaqa gallows,
gibbet
‫ مشنوق‬mašnūq hanged
‫ شنقب‬šunqub bécassine, snipe (zool.)
‫ شنكل‬šankala (eg.) to trip (‫ ه‬s.o.) up; to hook up
‫ شنكل‬šankal pl. ‫ شناكل‬šanākil2 clothes
peg; hook
‫ شنھق‬šanhaqa to bray (donkey)
‫ شھب‬šahab gray color, gray
‫ شھبة‬šuhba gray color, gray
‫ شھاب‬šihāb pl. ‫ شھب‬šuhub, ‫ شھبان‬šuhbān
flame, blaze, fire; shooting star, luminous
meteor; star
‫ اشھب‬ašhab2, f. ‫ شھباء‬šahbā’2, pl. ‫شھب‬
šuhb gray; ‫ الشھباء‬epithet of Aleppo (Syria)
‫ شھد‬šahida a (‫ شھود‬šuhūd) to witness (‫ھـ‬
s.th.), be witness (‫ ھـ‬of s.th.); to
experience personally (‫ ھـ‬s.th.), see with
one’s own eyes (‫ ه‬s.o. in a situation); to be
present (‫ ھـ‬at), attend (‫ ھـ‬a celebration); to
be present at the public appearance of s.o.
(‫ ;)ه‬to see (‫ ھـ‬s.th.); -- (‫ شھادة‬šahāda) to
testify, bear witness; to attest, confirm,
certify (‫ ب‬s.th., ‫ ان‬that), testify, give
testimony, give evidence (‫ على‬against s.o.,
to or about s.th., ‫ ل‬in s.o.’s favor); to sign
as a witness, to witness (J. a document);
488 to acknowledge, adjudge (‫ ب ل‬to s.o.,
s.th.) │ ‫ شھد‬to swear by God; ‫ شھد قانونيا‬to
notarize ill to see (with one’s own eyes),
view, inspect, watch, observe, witness (‫ھـ‬
s.th.) IV to call (‫ ه‬upon s.o.) as a witness (
‫ على‬for s.th.); pass. ušhida to be martyred,
die as a martyr X to call (‫ ه‬or ‫ ب‬upon s.o.)
or cite (‫ ه‬or ‫ ب‬s.o.) as witness (‫ على‬against
or for, ‫ في‬in); to cite, quote (‫ ب‬s.th.); to
attest (e.g., ‫ على معنى كلمة ببيت‬the meaning
of a word by a verse); pass. ustušhida to
be martyred, die as a martyr
‫ شھد‬šahd, šuhd pl. ‫ شھاد‬šihād honey;
honeycomb
‫ شھدة‬šahda carbuncle
‫ شھيد‬šahīd pl. ‫ شھداء‬šuhadā’2 witness;
martyr, one killed in battle with the
infidels; one killed in action
‫ شھيدة‬šahīda (woman) martyr
‫ شھادة‬šahāda pl. -āt testimony, witness,
evidence, deposition; statement;
certificate, certification, testimonial,
affidavit; attestation, attest; credentials,
identification; (Muslim) creed (= doftrinal
formula); martyrdom, ‫ شھادة اإلثبات‬š. al-
itbāt evidence for the prosecution; ‫شھادة‬
‫( حسن السير والسلوك‬š. ḥusn as-sair)
certificate of good conduct; ‫شھادة خلو الطرف‬
‫ عن العمل‬š. kulūw aṭ-ṭaraf ‘an il-‘amal
certificate of discharge (from a position);
‫( شھادة الدراسة الثانوية‬tānawīya) secondary
school diploma; ‫ شھادة زور‬š. zūr false
testimony; ‫ شھادة على شھادة‬indirect
testimony (Isl. Law); ‫ شھادة العالمية‬š.
al-‘ālimīya (Eg.) diploma of higher
learning (highest diploma awarded by Al
Azhar University); ‫‘( شھادة عالية‬āliya)
diploma; ‫ شھادة النفي‬š. an-nafy evidence for
the defense; ‫ شھادة الوالدة‬birth certificate
 ‫ مشھد‬mašhad pl. ‫ مشاھد‬mašāhid2 place of
assembly, assembly, meeting; place where
a martyr or hero died; religious shrine
venerated by the people, esp. the tomb of
a saint; funeral cortege; profession; view,
aspect, spectacle, sight, scenery; place or
object of interest; scene (e.g., of a crime,
of nature); act, number (as part of a
program, e.g., in vaudeville), scene (in
theater, as part of a play); aspect │‫مشھد‬
‫( غنائي‬ginā’ī) song scene, vocal recital;
‫ مشاھد الحياة‬m. al-ḥayāh aspects of life
‫ مشاھدة‬mušāhada seeing, viewing,
witnessing, inspection; (pl. -āt) view,
sight, spectacle; apparition, vision
‫ اشھاد‬išhād pl. -āt written certification
‫ استشھاد‬istišhād citation. quotation;
death of a martyr; death of a hero, heroic
death; martyrdom
‫ شاھد‬šāhid pl. ‫ شھود‬šuhūd, ‫ شھد‬šuhhad
present; -- (pl. ‫ شھود‬šuhūd, ‫ اشھاد‬ašhād)
witness (‫ على‬for); notary public; -- pl.
‫ شواھد‬šawāhid2) (piece of) evidence (‫على‬
for); attestation; quotation serving as
textual evidence; testimony; an oblong,
upright tombstone │ ‫ شاھد اإلثبات‬š. al-itbāt
witness for the prosecution; ‫ شاھد السمع‬š.
as-sam‘ earwitness; ‫ شاھد‬s. al-‘ain, ‫شاھد‬
‫ عيان‬š. ‘iyān, ‫‘( شاھد عياني‬iyānī) eyewitness;
‫ شاھد النفي‬š. an-nafy witness for the
defense; ‫ على رؤوس األشھاد‬in public, for
everyone to see
‫ شاھدة‬šāhida pl. ‫ شواھد‬šawāhid2 an
oblong, upright tombstone; index finger;
true copy, copy of a letter, duplicate;
‫ الشاھدة‬the Earth
‫ مشھود‬mašhūd taking place in the
presence of spectators or witnesses;
happening before a large audience, well-
attended; memorable (day, event) │ ‫بالجرم‬
‫( المشھود‬jurm) in the act, red-handed,
flagrante delicto │ ‫( اليوم المشھود‬yaum) the
Day of Resurrection; red-letter day,
festive public holiday 489
‫ مشاھد‬mušāhid pl. -ūn spectator,
onlooker, observer
‫ مشاھد‬mušāhad visible, perceptible; pl.
‫ مشاھدات‬things seen, sights; visible things
‫ شھر‬šahara a (šahr) to make well-known,
famous, renowned, notorious (‫ ه‬،‫ ھـ‬s.o.,
s.th.); to spread, make known, divulge,
proclaim, announce (‫ ھـ‬s.th.); to draw,
unsheathe (‫ ھـ‬a weapon); pass. šuhira to
be or become well-known, famed, famous,
renowned, notorious (‫ ب‬by or for s.th.
respectively, by or under a name) │ ‫شھر‬
‫( الحرب عليه‬ḥarb) to declare war on s.o.;
‫( شھر البندقية‬bunduqīya) to level a gun (‫على‬
at s.o.) II to make well-known, famous,
renowned, notorious (‫ ه‬،‫ ھـ‬s.o., s.th.); to
spread, make known, divulge, proclaim,
announce (‫ ھـ‬s.th.); to defame, slander,
revile publicly, pillory, condemn,
denounce (‫ ه‬s.o.) III to engage or hire (‫ه‬
s.o.) on a monthly basis, rent (‫ ھـ‬s.th.) by
the month IV to make known, proclaim,
announce, spread, divulge (‫ ھـ‬s.th.); to
unsheathe, draw (‫ ه‬a weapon); to sell at
auction, also ‫( اشھر المزاد‬mazāda) │ ‫اشھر‬
‫( مزاد بيع شيء‬mazāda bai‘i š.) to auction
s.th. off, put s.th. up at auction VIII to be
or become well-known, famed, famous,
renowned, notorious (‫ ب‬by or for s.th.
respectively, by or under a name); to be
known (‫ عن‬of s.o., a trait, and the like); to
be widespread, common
‫ شھر‬šahr pl. ‫ اشھر‬ašhur, ‫ شھور‬šuhūr new
moon; month │ ‫ شھر العسل‬š. al-‘asal
honeymoon
‫ شھري‬šahrī monthly, mensal; ‫شھريا‬
šahrīyan monthly, per month, by the
month │ ‫ اشتراك شھري‬monthly
subscription; monthly fee or contribution;
‫ نصف شھري‬niṣfu šahrīyin fortnightly,
semimonthly, appearing biweekly
‫ شھرية‬šahrīya monthly salary
‫ شھرة‬šuhra repute, reputation, renown,
fame, famousness, celebrity; notoriety;
surname (Syr., Leb.) │ ‫شھرة عالمية‬
(‘ālamīya) world-wide renown, worldwide
fame
‫ شھير‬šahīr widely known, well-known,
famous, renowned, celebrated (‫ ب‬by a
name); notorious, ill-reputed
‫ اشھر‬ašhar2 better known, more widely
known
‫ مشاھرة‬mušāhara pl. -āt monthly salary;
pl. monthly payments, monthly
 allowances; mušāharatan monthly, per
month, by the month
‫ اشھار‬išhār announcement,
proclamation, declaration; public sales,
auction; publicity, advertising │ ‫اشھار‬
‫ اإلفالس‬i. al-iflās notice of bankruptcy,
declaration of insolvency
‫ اشتھار‬ištihār repute, reputation,
renown, fame, famousness, celebrity;
notoriety
‫ مشھور‬mašhūr pl. ‫ مشاھير‬mašāhīr2 well-
known, widely known, renowned, famous,
celebrated; notorious, ill-reputed; wide-
spread, common; a famous, celebrated
personality, a celebrity; accepted,
established, canonical (textual variant,
version of the Koran) │ ‫على المشھور‬
according to the general belief, as it is
(was) generally understood
‫ مشھر‬mušahhar well-known, widely
known, renowned, famous, celebrated;
notorious, ill-reputed
‫ شھق‬šahaqa a i (‫ شھيق‬šahīq) to bray (donkey);
-- šahaqa a i and šahiqa a (‫ شھيق‬šahīq,
‫ شھاق‬šuhāq, ‫ تشھاق‬tašhāq) to inhale; to sigh
deeply; to sob, gulp; to moan, groan IV
‫( اشھق بالبكاء‬bi-l-bukā’) to burst into tears,
break out into loud weeping
‫ شھقة‬šahqa moan(ing), groan(ing);
gulping 490
‫ شھيق‬šahīq braying, brays (of a
donkey); sobbing, sobs; sighing, sighs;
inhalation, breathing in
‫ شاھق‬šāhiq pl. ‫ شواھق‬šawāhiq2 high,
lofty, towering (building, mountain) │ ‫علو‬
‫‘( شاھق‬ulūw) tremendous height
‫ شواھق‬šawāhiq2 heights
‫ شھل‬II to accelerate, speed up, expedite (‫ھـ‬
s.th.); to remove quickly, hurry off (‫ ه‬s.o.)
‫ شھل‬šahil nimble, swift, quick
‫ شھلة‬šuhla bluish-black color of the
eyes
‫ اشھل‬ašhal, f. ‫ شھالء‬šahlā’2 having
bluish-black eyes
‫ شھم‬šahm, pl. ‫ شھام‬šihām perspicacious,
sagacious, astute, clever, bold, audacious;
energetic; noble, gallant, decent;
gentleman
‫ شھامة‬šahāma perspicacity, sagacity,
astuteness, cleverness; audacity, boldness,
gallantry, noble-mindedness; energy,
vigor, verve; decency, respectability
‫ شاھين‬pl. ‫ شواھين‬look up alphabetically
‫ )شھو‬and ‫ شھا )شھي‬šahā u and ‫ شھي‬šahiya a (
‫ شھوة‬šahwa) to desire, wish, covet, crave (
‫ ھـ‬s.th.), long (‫ ھـ‬for s.th.) II to make
covetous, fill with desire, allure, entice (‫ه‬
s.o.); to arouse greed, desire, appetite (‫ ه‬in
s.o., ‫ ھـ‬for s.th.); to whet the appetite, be
appetizing (food) V and VIII to be
covetous, greedy, to long (‫ ھـ‬for s.th.),
crave, desire, wish (‫ ھـ‬s.th.), ffeel appetite
(‫ ھـ‬for s.th.) │ ‫( شيء ال يشتھى‬yuštahā) an
undesirable thing
‫ شھوة‬šahwa pl. šahawāt greed, craving,
desire, ardent wish, longing, yearning,
eagerness, passion, carnal appetite, lust;
appetite
‫ شھوي‬šahwī sensual, sensuous, lustful,
instinctual, uninhibited
‫ شھوان‬šahwān, f. ‫ شھوى‬šahwā, pl. ‫شھاوى‬
šahāwā covetous, greedy; lewd,
lecherous, lascivious, libidinous,
dissolute, debauched
‫ شھواني‬šahwānī covetous, greedy; lewd,
lecherous, lascivious, libidinous,
dissolute, debauched; sensual, sensuous,
lustful, instinctual, uninhibited
‫ شھي‬šahīy pleasant, agreeable,
desirable; appetizing, inviting, tasty
‫ شھية‬šahīya appetite │ ‫ فاتح الشھية‬or ‫ما‬
‫( يفتح الشھية‬yaftaḥu) stimulating the
appetite, appetizing; ‫ قلة الشھية للطعام‬qillat
aš-š. li-ṭ-ṭa‘ām want of appetite
‫ تشه‬tašahhin greed, avidity, cupidity,
craving, desire
‫ اشتھاء‬ištihā’ greed, craving, desire, dent
wish, longing, yearning. eagerness,
passion, carnal appetite, lust; appetite
‫ مشه‬mušahhin stimulating the appetite,
appetizing; ‫ مشھيات‬appetizers, relishes,
hors d’oeuvres
‫ مشته‬muštahin covetous, greedy, avid,
craving, desirous, lustful
 ‫ مشتھى‬muštahan desirable; desired,
welcome, agreeable, pleasant; (pl. ‫مشتھيات‬
muštahayāt) that which is coveted, object
of desire
‫ شاء‬šā’ (coll.; n. un. ‫ شاة‬šāh) pl. ‫ شواه‬šiwāh, ‫شياه‬
šiyāh sheep; ewe
‫ شوال‬šuwāl, šiwāl pl. -āt (large) sack
1
‫ )شاب )شوب‬šāba u (šaub, ‫ شياب‬šiyāb) to mix,
blend (‫ ھـ ب‬s.th. with); to adulterate,
vitiate, contaminate, spoil, corrupt,
pollute, tarnish, sully, stain, spot (‫ ھـ‬s.th.);
to mix, blend, intermix (‫ ھـ‬with) │‫ال تشوبه‬
‫ شائبة‬blameless, flawless, unblemished,
immaculate
‫ شوب‬šaub mixture; tarnishing, sullying,
roiling, rendering turbid; impairment,
blemish, flaw; hot wind 491
‫ شائبة‬šā’iba pl. ‫ شوائب‬šawā’ib dirt,
stains, spot, flaw, blemish, defect, fault;
suspicion, reason for suspicion, suspicious
fact
‫ مشوب‬mašūb mixed; adulterated,
vitiated│ ‫ مشوب بالھموم‬troubled with
worries
2
‫ شابة‬look up alphabetically
‫ شوبق‬šaubaq pl. ‫ شوابق‬šawābiq2 rolling pin
‫ شوبك‬šaubak: pl. ‫ شوابك‬šawābik2 rolling pin
1
‫ شوح‬II (eg.) to grill, broil, roast (‫ ھـ‬s.th.)
2
‫ شوح‬šūḥ (coll.; n. un. ‫ )ة‬fir, sapin
3
‫ شوحة‬šūḥa kite (zool.)
4
‫ مشاحة‬see ‫شح‬
‫ شور‬II to make a sign, beckon, signal, wink,
blink (‫ الى‬to s.o.); to point out (‫ الى‬s.th.),
point (‫ الى‬at) III to ask s.o.’s (‫ )ه‬advice,
seek s.o.’s (‫ )ه‬advice, consult (‫ ه‬s.o.); to
consult, take counsel (‫ ه‬with s.o.),
‫( شاور نفسه‬nafsahū) to take counsel with
o.s., reflect, bethink o.s. IV to make a
sign, beckon, signal, wink, blink (‫ ل‬or ‫الى‬
to s.o.), motion (‫ ل‬or ‫ الى‬s.o., ‫ ب‬to do
s.th.); to ask, invite, urge (‫ الى‬s.o.); to
point, allude (‫ الى‬to), hint (‫ الى‬at), indicate,
point out (‫ على‬or ‫ الى‬s.th.), call s.o.’s (‫)ل‬
attention to (‫ ;)على‬to advice (‫ ب على‬s.o. of
s.th., ‫ على ان‬s.o. to do s.th.), suggest (‫ب على‬
to s.o. s.th., ‫ على ان‬to s.o. to do s.th.),
command, order ‫ ان‬or ‫ على ب‬s.o. to do
s.th.); to state, indicate (‫ ب‬s.th.) │ ‫ما يشار‬
‫( اليه بالبنان‬yušāru, banān) that which is
pointed at with the finger tips, i.e., s.th.
very remarkable, s.th. outstanding; ‫ما اشار‬
‫( بطرف‬bi-ṭarfin) he did not bat an eye VI
to take counsel, deliberate, consult (‫في مع‬
with s.o. about) X to ask for advice (‫ه‬
s.o.), take counsel (‫ ه‬with s.o.), consult (‫ه‬
s.o.)
‫ شارة‬šāra pl. -āt sign, token,
distinguishing mark, badge; guile,
outward appearance │ ‫ شارة الصليب‬sign of
the cross
‫ شورى‬šūrā consultation, deliberation,
taking counsel; counsel; advice │ ‫مجلس‬
‫ الشورى‬majlis š-šūrā and ‫مجلس شورى الدولة‬
m. š. d-daula state council
‫ شوري‬šūrī consultative, advisory
‫ مشوار‬mišwār pl. ‫ مشاوير‬mašāwīr2
errand; O stroke, (of an internal-
combustion engine; techn.) │ ‫محرك ثنائي‬
‫ المشوار‬muḥarrik tunā’ī l-m. two-cycle
engine; ‫( محرك رباعي المشوار‬rubā‘ī l-m.)
four-cycle engine
‫ مشورة‬mašwara, mašūra pl. -āt
consultation, deliberation, conference;
counsel, advice, suggestion
‫ مشاورة‬mušāwara pl. -āt consultation,
deliberation, conference
‫ اشارة‬išāra pl. -āt sign, motion, nod,
wink, wave; gesture; signal; indication;
allusion, hint, intimation; symbolic
expression; (silent) reminder; advice,
counsel, suggestion; instruction, order,
command │ ‫( اشارة برقية‬barqīya) telegram,
wire, dispatch, cable(gram); ‫اشارة تلغرافية‬
telegram, wire; ‫ اشارة الخطر‬i. al-kaṭar air-
raid warning, alert; ‫ اشارة الصليب‬sign of the
cross (Chr.); ‫ اشارة ضبط الوقت‬i. ḍabt al-
waqt (radio) time signal; ‫( اشارة ال سلكية‬lā-
silkīya) radio message; ‫محطة اإلشارات‬
maḥaṭṭat al-i. signal post; ‫ اسم اإلشارة‬ism
al-i. demonstrative pronoun; ‫وحدات اإلشارة‬
waḥdat al-i. signal corps units (mil.); ‫رھن‬
‫( اشارته‬rahna) at s.o.’s beck and call, at
s.o.’s disposal
‫ اشاري‬išārī (mil.) signalman, member of
the signal corps (Eg. 1939)
 ‫ اشارجي‬išargī (mil.) signalman, member
of the signal corps (Eg.)
‫ تشاور‬tašāwur joint consultation,
deliberation (‫ مع‬with)
‫ استشارة‬istišāra pl. -āt a seeking of
advice, consultation; guidance, advice
(one receives) 492
‫ استشاري‬istišārī consultative, advisory
‫ مشاور‬mušāwar adviser, counselor,
consultant
‫ مشير‬mušīr indicative (‫ الى‬of); adviser,
counselor, consultant; field marshal (Eg.;
1933); Fleet Admiral (Eg. 1939)
‫ المشار اليه‬al-mušār ilaihi the
aforementioned, the aforesaid, the said
‫ مستشار‬mustašār adviser, counselor,
consultant, councilor; chancellor; approx.:
justice (title; Eg.) │ ‫مستشار السفارة‬
counselor of embassy; ‫ مستشار المفوضية‬m.
al-mufawwaḍīya counselor of legation
‫ دار المستشارية‬dār al-mustašārīya office
of the chancellor, chancellery
1
‫ شورب‬šaurab flycatcher (zool.)
2
‫ شوربة‬šōrba (eg.), šōraba (syr.) and ‫ شوربا‬soup
‫( شورت‬Engl.) šort short, short feature (motion
pictures)
‫شورمة‬
‫ اشوس‬ašwas2, f. ‫ شوساء‬šausā’2, pl. ‫ شوس‬šūs,
‫ اشاوس‬ašāwis2 proud; bold, audacious,
daring, venturesome │ ‫ شوس الحرب‬š. al-
ḥarb war heroes
1
‫ شوش‬II to muddle, confuse, confound, jumble
(‫ ھـ‬s.th.), disturb (‫ على‬or ‫ ھـ‬s.th.),
complicate (‫ ھـ‬s.th.) V to be confused,
confounded, muddled, jumbled, deranged,
disturbed; to feel indisposed, be ill
‫ شاش‬šāš muslin; white cloth
‫ شاشة‬šāša white cloth; ‫ الشاشة‬aš-šāša
and ‫( الشاشة البيضاء‬baiḍā’) (motion picture)
screen
‫ شاشية‬šāšiya, šāšīya pl. ‫ شواشي‬šawāšī a
kind of headgear, cap, skullcap
‫ شوش‬šūš Maria Theresa dollar (Nejd)
‫ شوشة‬šūša tuft of hair, lock; crest (of
birds)
‫ شواش‬šawāš confusion, muddle, (state
of) disorder, disturbance, derangement
(e.g., of the mind)
‫ شواشي‬šawāšī pl. ‫ شواشية‬šawāšīya a
maker of šāšiya’s (see above)
‫ تشويش‬tašwīš confusion, confounding,
muddling; disturbance, derangement;
ailment
‫ مشوش‬mušawwaš muddled, jumbled,
befuddled, confused; disturbed, deranged
(e.g., of a sensorial function); ailing, ill │
‫ مشوش الفكر‬m. al-fikr bewildered, confused,
baffled
2
‫ شاوش‬pl. ‫ شواش‬look up alphabetically
3
‫ شاويش‬look up alphabetically
‫ شوشبرك‬šušbarak (eg.) small pastry stuffed
with meat and served with milk rice
‫ شوط‬šauṭ pl. ‫ شوط‬ašwāṭ to a goal; state, phase;
round, game, half, course (in sports and
games); goal, aim │‫قطع شوطا كبيرا )بعيدا( في‬
‫( )التقدم )الرقي‬taqaddum, ruqiy) and ‫قطع في‬
‫( ميدان الرقي اشواطا‬maidān r-ruqīy) to make
good progress or headway, advance in
great strides, ‫ قطع اشواطا شاسعة‬do.; ‫يفوقه‬
‫( اشواطا‬yafūquhū) he surpasses him by far
‫ شواظ‬šuwāẓ flame; fire, fervor, ardor, passion
2
‫ شوف‬II to polish (‫ ھـ‬s.th.); to adorn, deck out (
‫ ھا‬a woman) V to look out expectantly,
longingly (‫ الى‬for), look forward (‫ الى‬to),
expect, anticipate (‫ الى‬s.th.)
‫ شوف‬šauf harrow
‫ الشوف‬aš-šūf name of an administrative
district of Lebanon
‫ شوفة‬šaufa (colloq.) sight, spectacle,
view
‫ شوفان‬šūfān oats
‫ )شاق )شوق‬šāqa u (šauq) to please
delight (‫ ه‬s.o.), give joy (‫ ه‬to s.o.); to fill (‫ه‬
s.o.) with longing, craving, desire, 493
arouse longing, craving, desire (‫ ه‬in s.o.) II
to fill (‫ ه‬s.o.) with longing, craving, desire,
arouse longing, craving, desire (‫ ه‬in s.o.)
V and VIII to long, yearn (‫ الى‬or ‫ ھـ‬،‫ ه‬for),
crave, covet, desire ardently (‫ الى‬or ‫ ھـ‬s.th.)
‫ شوق‬šauq pl. ‫ اشواق‬ašwāq longing,
yearning, craving, desire, wish
 ‫ شيق‬šayyiq longing, yearning, craving,
desirous, covetous; brilliant, gorgeous,
splendid
‫ تشويق‬tašwīq arousing of desire, of
longing; fascination, thrilling, awakening
of excitement, of eagerness
‫ تشوق‬tašawwuq longing, yearning,
desire, inclination, craving, eagerness
‫اشتياق‬ištiyāq longing, yearning, desire,
inclination, craving, eagerness
‫ شائق‬šā’iq arousing longing, stimulating
desire; brilliant, gorgeous, splendid,
beautiful
‫ مشوق‬mušawwiq arousing desire or
longing; thrilling, exciting, fascinating,
absorbing, stimulating, stirring, attractive,
interesting; -- mušawwaq filled with
longing (‫ الى‬for), desirous, covetous (‫الى‬
of)
‫ مشتاق‬muštāq longing, yearning,
craving, desirous, covetous
‫( )شاك )شوك‬šauk) to sting, prick, hurt, injure,
pierce (‫ ب ه‬s.o. with a thorn, a needle, and
the like) II to be thorny; to stud (. s.th.)
with thorns or spikes; to sting, prick, hurt,
injure, pierce (‫ ب ه‬s.o. with a thorn, with a
needle) IV to sting, prick, hurt, injure
‫ شوك‬šauk (coll.; n. un. ‫ )ة‬pl. ‫اشواك‬
ašwāk thorns, spikes, pricks, prickles,
spines; fishbone; forks │ ‫ على الشوك‬on
tenterhooks, on pins and needles
‫ شوكة‬šauka (n. un.) thorn, spike, prick,
prickle, spine, sting, point; tine, prong;
spur (of a rooster); fork; fishbone; furor of
fighting, bravura, bravery, valor, verve,
dash, élan; might, power
‫ شوكي‬šaukī thorny, spiky, prickly,
spiny; spinal │ ‫( الطين الشوكي‬ṭīn) fruit of
the Indian fig (Opuntia ficus-indica Haw.;
bot.); ‫( الحبل الشوكي‬ḥabl) spinal cord; ‫الحمى‬
‫( الشوكية المخية‬ḥummā, mukkīya)
cerebrospinal meningitis (med.); ‫العمود‬
‫‘( الشوكي‬amūd) vertebral column,
backbone; spine; ‫( النخاع الشوكي‬nukā‘)
spinal cord
‫ شوك‬šawik thorny, spiky, prickly, spiny
‫ شائك‬šā’ik thorny, spiky, prickly, spiny;
delicate, ticklish, critical, difficult │ ‫سلك‬
‫( شائك‬silk) pl. ‫ اسالك شائكة‬barbed wire
‫ شوكران‬šaukarān poison hemlock (Conium
maculatum; bot.)
1
‫ )شال )شول‬šāla u (šaul) to rise, be raised,
elevated; to raise, lift (‫ ھـ‬or ‫ ب‬s.th.); to
carry (‫ ھـ‬or ‫ ب‬s.th.) │ ‫شالت نعامته‬
(na‘āmatuhū) he went away, departed; he
died, be is dead II to become sparse,
scarce, short in supply III to attack, assail
(‫ ه‬s.o.) IV to raise, lift (‫ ھـ‬s.th.); to carry (‫ھـ‬
s.th.)
‫ شول‬šawil nimble, adroit, swift, quick,
expeditious (at work)
‫ شوال‬šawwāl pl. -āt ‫ شواويل‬šawāwīl2,
‫ الشوال‬Shawwal, name of the tenth month
of the Muslim year
‫ مشال‬mašāl carrying, carriage,
conveyance, transportation (of loads);
porterage, carrying charges
2
‫ شال‬pl. ‫ شيالن‬look up alphabetically
3
‫شوال‬look up alphabetically
‫ شولقى‬šaulaqī person with a sweet tooth
‫ شولم‬šaulam darnel (Lolium temulentum; bot.);
a variety of vetch 494
1
‫ شامي‬،‫ شام‬pl. ‫ مشوم‬،‫ شوام‬see ‫شأم‬
2
‫ شومة‬šuma stick, cudgel
‫ شون‬II to garnmer, store (‫ ھـ‬s.th., esp. grain)
‫ شون‬šūna pl. -āt, ‫ شون‬šuwan (eg.)
storehouse, granary, shed, barn
‫ شوندر‬šawandar white beet, chard
1
‫شوه‬šawiha a (šawah) and ‫ شاه‬šāha u (‫شوه‬
šauh) to be or become ugly, misshapen,
deformed, defaced, disfigured, distorted,
malformed II to disfigure, deform, deface,
distort, mar, mutilate (‫ ه‬s.o., ‫ ھـ‬s.th., esp.
the face); to revile, slander, defame (‫ه‬
s.o.); to jam (‫ اذاعة‬a broadcast) │ ‫شوه وجه‬
‫( الحقيقة‬wajah l-ḥ) to distort the truth; ‫شوه‬
‫ وجه وظيفته‬to disgrace one’s profession V =
I
‫ شوه‬šawāh ugliness, misshapenness,
malformation, deformity, disfigurement,
distortion, perversion
 ‫ اشوه‬ašwah2, f. ‫ شوھاء‬šauhā’2, pl. ‫ شوه‬šūh
misshapen, malformed, ugly, disfigured,
deformed, disfeatured, defaced; distorted,
perverted
‫ تشويه‬tašwīh deformation,
disfigurement, defacement, mutilation;
defamation; crippledness
‫ تشوه‬tašawwuh ugliness,
misshapenness, malformation, deformity,
disfigurement, distortion, perversion
‫ شائه‬šā’ih misshapen, malformed, ugly,
disfigured, deformed, disfeatured,
defaced; distorted, perverted
‫ مشوه‬mušawwah disfigured, defaced,
deformed; mutilated, maimed; misshapen,
malformed, ugly; distorted, perverted │
‫ مشوه الحرب‬m. al-ḥarb disabled (inactive
service); disabled veteran
2
‫ شاه‬look up alphabetically
3
‫( شاة‬n. un.) see ‫شوء‬
‫ شواه‬pl. of ‫ شاء‬see ‫شوء‬
‫ شوى‬šawā i (‫ شي‬šayy) to broil, grill, rout (‫ھـ‬
meat)
‫ شواء‬šiwā’ broiled, or grilled, meat, and
the like │ ‫ شواء السجق‬š. sujuq grilled
sausage
‫ شوى‬šawīy broiled, grilled, rosted
‫ شواة‬šawāh pl. ‫ شوى‬šawan scalp
‫ شواية‬šawāya gridiron, grill
‫ مشواه‬mišwāh pl. ‫ مشاو‬mašāwin gridiron,
grill
1 ‫ مشيئة‬mašī’a volition, will; wish, desire
‫شى‬see ‫شوى‬
2
‫ شيات‬،‫ شية‬see ‫وشي‬
‫ )شاء )شيأ‬šā’a a (‫ مشيئة‬mašī’a) to want; to wish (
‫ ھـ‬s.th., ‫ ان‬that) │ ‫( ان شاء ﷲ‬in) God
willing; it is to be hoped; I (we) hope so;
‫ ما شاء ﷲ‬whatever (howsoever, how long
soever) God intend (used to express an
indefinite quantity, amount, number, or
period of time); various, sundry, all kinds
of, God knows what; also, exclamation of
surprise: amazing! that’s right! good!
bravo! ‫ الى ما شاء ﷲ‬forever and ever, for all
time and time to come; ‫لفق ما شاء له التلفيق‬
(laffaqa, talfīqu) to fabricate the moot
outrageous lies
‫ شيء‬šai’ pl. ‫ اشياء‬ašyā’2 thing;
something; (with neg.) nothing │ ‫شيء من‬
... some
a little, a certain (amount of), a
considerable ...; ‫( شيء من النشاط‬našāṭ) some
activity; ‫( شيء من القلق‬qalaq) some
uneasiness, some anxiety; ‫بدون شيء من الجھد‬
(jahd) without any effort at all; ‫ھذا شيء‬
‫( وذاك شيء آخر‬ākar) this and that are two
entirely different things (or matters); ‫في‬
‫ األمر شيء‬there is s.th. wrong, there is a fly
in the ointment; ‫ بعض الشيء‬ba‘ḍ š. to a
certain extent, a little, somewhat; ‫ في‬,‫بشيء‬
‫ شيء‬in negative sentences: not in any way;
in no 495 way, by no means, not at all, not
in the least; ‫ على شيء كثير من‬very,
extremely, e.g., ‫على شيء كثير من البساطة‬
(basāṭa) very simple; ‫ الشيء الكثير‬the most;
‫( اشبه شيء ب‬ašbahu šai’in) very much
like ...; ‫ شيئا بعد شيء‬or ‫( شيئا فشيئا‬fa-šai’an)
bit by bit, one after the other, by and by,
gradually; ‫ ال شيء‬a nothing, nil, nonentity;
nothing (in sport scoring); ‫ الالشيء‬the
nothing; ‫ ال شيء‬nothing (as object); ... ‫ال‬
‫( غير الشيء اليسير‬gair š-šai’ l-yasīr) only
very little; ‫ ليس بشيء‬it is nothing, it is of no
consequence; ‫ ليس ھذا في شيء من ذلك‬this has
absolutely nothing to do with that
‫ شيئي‬šai’ī objective, factual
‫ الشيئية‬lā-šai’īya nonexistence,
nothingness, nihility, nullity
‫ شيئ‬šuyyai’ a little thing, trifle
‫ شوية‬šuwayya (colloq.) a little, a bit,
somewhat
│‫ بمشيئة ﷲ‬God willing
2
‫ )شاب )شيب‬šāba i (šaib, ‫ شيبة‬šaiba, ‫مشيب‬
mašīb) to become white-haired, gray-
haired; to turn white or gray (hair); to
grow old, to age; to make white-haired; to
bleach (‫ ھـ‬s.th.) II to make (‫ ه‬s.o.) white-
haired, cause s.o.’s (‫ )ه‬hair to turn white
(grief) IV = II
‫ شيب‬šaib grayness of the hair, gray or
white hair; old age
‫ شيبة‬šaiba a variety of Artemisia
(Artemisia arborescens L.; bot.)
 ‫ اشيب‬ašyab2, f. ‫ شيباء‬šaibā’2, pl. ‫ شيب‬šīb
white, gray (hair); white-haired, gray-
haired (person); old, aged; old man
‫ مشيب‬mašīb grayness of the hair, gray
or white hair; old age
‫ شائب‬šā’ib white, gray (hair); white-
haired, gray-haired (person); old, aged;
old man
2
‫ شابة‬look up alphabetically
‫ شيت‬šīt pl. ‫ شيوتات‬šuyūtāt chintz. Printed calico
(eg.)
1
‫ شيح‬II (tun.) to dry, blot (‫ ھـ‬s.th.) IV to turn
away, avert (‫ ب‬the eyes, one’s face, ‫عن‬
from)
‫ شياح‬šayyāḥ blotting paper
2
‫ شيح‬šīḥ an oriental variety of wormwood
(bot.)
‫ )شاخ )شيخ‬šāka i (‫ شيخ‬šayak, ‫ شيوخة‬šuyūka,
‫ شيخوخة‬šaikūka) to age, grow old; to attain
a venerable age
‫ شيخ‬šaik, pl. ‫ شيوخ‬šuyūk, ‫ اشياخ‬ašyāk,
‫ مشيخة‬mašyaka, ‫ مشايخ‬mašāyik2, ‫مشائخ‬
mašā’ik2 an elderly, venerable gentleman;
old man; elder; chief, chieftain, sheik,
patriarch, head (of a tribe); title of the
ruler of anyone of the sheikdoms along
the Persian Gulf; title of native scholars
trained in the traditional sciences such as
clerical dignitaries, members of a religious
order, profesors of spiritual institutions of
higher learning, etc.; master; master of an
order (Sufism); senator (parl.) │ ‫الشيخ ارز‬
‫( اسمر‬aruzz asmar), ‫( الشيخ ارز ابيض‬abyaḍ)
(eg.) popular names for certain rice
dishes; ‫ شيخ البحر‬š. al-baḥr sea calf (zool.);
‫ شيخ البلد‬š. al-balad chief of a village,
village mayor; ‫ شيخ السجادة‬š. as-sajjāda title
of the leaders of certain dervish orders in
their capacity of inheritors of the
founder’s prayer rug; ‫ شيخ اإلسالم‬š. al-islām
sheikh ul-Islam, formerly, esp. in
medieval Egypt, title of the Grand Mufti,
the spiritual head of Islam, later being
bestowed more and more exclusively
upon the Mufti of Constantinople in the
Ottoman Empire; title of the chief mufti in
Tunisia; ‫ شيخ المدينة‬inspector of police
(Magr.); ‫ مشيخة الجامع األعظم‬professoriate,
or faculty, of the Great Mosque in Tunis;
‫( الشيوخ‬pl. of majesty) title of a ruler 496
among the inhabitants of Nejd; ‫مجلس الشيوخ‬
majlis aš-š. senate
‫ شيخة‬šaika pl. -āt an old, or elderly,
woman, a matron
‫ شياخة‬šiyāka position, or dignity, of a
sheik
‫ شيخوخة‬šaikūka old age, senility
‫ شيخوخي‬šaikūkī senile, characteristic of
old age
‫ مشيخة‬mašyaka pl. -āt, ‫ مشايخ‬mašāyik2
office, or dignity, of a sheik; sheikdom (in
general, specif., anyone of the semi-
independent territories on the Persian
Gulf); an administrative subdivision
(Tun.); professoriate (e.g., of Al Azhar)
‫ )شاد )شيد‬šāda i (‫ شيد‬šaid) to erect, set up,
construct, build (‫ ھـ‬an edifice, and the like)
II = I; IV = I; ‫ به‬or ‫( اشاد بذكره‬bi-dikrihī) to
celebrate, praise, commend s.o. or s.th.,
speak in glowing terms of s.o. or s.th.
‫ شيد‬šīd plaster (of a wall); plaster of
Paris; mortar
‫ تشييد‬tašyīd erection, setting up,
construction, building (of an edifice)
‫ اشادة‬išāda praise, commendation,
extolment (‫ ب‬of)
‫ مشيد‬mušayyad high, lofty, imposing (of
a structure)
‫ شيراز‬šīrāz2 Shiraz (city in SW Iran)
‫ شيرج‬šīraj sesame oil
‫ شيرة‬šīra a refreshment (made of fruit juice)
‫ شيزوفرانيا‬šīzofrāniyā schizophrenia
1
‫ شيش‬šīš foil, rapier; jalousie, Venetian blind │
‫ معلم الشيش‬mu‘allim aš-š. fencing
instructor; ‫ لعبة الشيش‬la‘bat aš-š. fencing,
swordplay
2
‫شيشة‬šīša bottle of the narghile; narghile,
hookah
‫ )شاط )شيط‬šāṭa i (‫ شيط‬šaiṭ) to burn (esp. food) II
to burn slightly, singe, scorch, sear (‫ھـ‬
s.th.) IV = II; V = I; X ‫استشاط غضبا‬
(gaḍaban) to be or become fuming with
rage, flare up, fly off the handle
‫ شيطان‬II tašaiṭana to behave like a devil
 ‫ شيطان‬šaiṭān pl. ‫ شياطين‬šayāṭīn2 Shaitan,
Satan, devil, fiend
‫ شيطاني‬šaiṭānī satanic, devilish,
fiendish; demonic, demoniac, hellish,
infernal
‫ شيطنة‬šaiṭana devilry, villainy, dirty
trick
‫ )شاع )شيع‬šā‘a i (‫ شيع‬šai‘, ‫ شيوع‬šuyū‘) to spread,
be divulged, become known, become
public (news); to spread (out), diffuse (‫في‬
over); to fill, pervade, dominate (‫ في‬s.o.,
s.th.; of a feeling); ‫ شاع في‬to be generally
attributable, be generally applicable to
s.th.; ‫ شاع به‬to spread, divulge, publicize,
circulate s.th.; make s.th. known, bring
s.th. to public notice II to see (‫ ه‬s.o.) off,
escort, accompany (‫ ه‬s.o.); to bid farewell
(‫ ه‬to s.o.); to pay (‫ ه‬the deceased) the last
honors; to send (‫ ه‬,‫ ھـ‬s.o., s.th.); to adhere (
‫ ھـ‬to a faction) │ ‫ شيعت الجنازة‬šuyyi‘at il-
janāzatu the deceased was escorted to his
final resting place, the funeral took place
III to follow (‫ على ه‬s.o. in), adapt o.s. (‫على ه‬
to s.o. in); to conform, fall in (‫ على ه‬with
s.o. in); to side (‫ ه‬,‫ على ھـ‬with s.o., with
s.th. in), take sides (‫ ه‬,‫ على ھـ‬for s.o., for
s.th. in) IV to spread, divulge, publish,
publicize, make known, bring to public
notice, circulate (‫ ب‬or ‫ ھـ‬s.th.) V to side (‫ل‬
‫ في‬with s.o., with s.th. in), take sides (‫ل في‬
for s.o., for s.th. in), join (‫ ل‬s.o., s.th., a
faction), make common cause, hold (‫ل‬
with s.o.); to become a Shiite; to pretend
to be a Shiite VI to come to an agreement
(‫ على‬in, about) 497
‫ شيعة‬šī‘a pl. ‫ شيع‬šiya‘ followers,
adherents, disciples, faction, party, sect;
‫ الشيعة‬the faction of Ali, the Shiah, the
Shiites (that branch of the Muslims who
recognize Ali, the Prophet’s son-in-law, as
his rightful successor), pl. ‫ اشياع‬ašyā‘
adherents, followers, partisans
‫ شيعي‬šī‘ī Shiitic, (pl. -ūn) Shiite
‫ شياع‬šiyā‘ community (of property)
(jur.)
‫ شيوع‬šuyū‘ publicity, spread, circulation
(of news) │ ‫ على الشيوع‬in common, jointly,
in joint possession
‫ شيوعي‬šuyū‘ī communistic, communist;
(pl. -ūn) a communist
‫ شيوعية‬šuyū‘īya communism
‫ تشييع‬tašyī‘: ‫ تشييع الجنازة‬ṯ al-janāza
funeral, burial
‫ مشايعة‬mušāya‘a partisanship, partiality
‫ اشاعة‬išā‘a spreading, publication,
circulation (of news); rumor; news,
information
O ‫ اشاعية‬išā‘īya collectivism (pol.)
‫ تشيع‬tašayyu‘ partisanship, partiality,
bias (‫ ل‬for)
‫ شائع‬šā’i‘ widespread, (well-)known,
public; general, universal; common, joint
│ ‫ الشائع ان‬it is rumored that ...; ‫شائع الذيوع‬
widely known, widespread, common; ‫شائع‬
‫ االستعمال‬in general use, commonly used,
generally accepted; ‫( ملك شائع‬milk) joint
property
‫ شائعة‬šā’i‘a pl. -āt, ‫ شوائع‬šawā’i‘ rumor
‫ مشايع‬mušāyi‘ partial, adherent, partisan
‫ مشاع‬mušā‘ widespread; (well-)known,
public; general, universal; common, joint;
joint (or collective) ownership, joint
tenancy (Isl. Law); public property, public
domain
‫ متشيع‬mutašayyi‘ partial; partisan
‫ مشتاع‬muštā‘ partner, co-partner, co-
owner
‫ شاف‬II to cut up, chop or slice (‫ ھـ‬fruit)
‫ اشياف‬ašyāf (pl.) cuts, slices
‫ شيون‬šīfūn chiffon (fabric)
‫ شيق‬see ‫شوق‬
1
‫( شيك‬Fr.) šīk chic
‫ اشيك‬ašyak2 very chic
2
‫( شيك‬Fr. cheque) šēk, šīk pl. -āt check │ ‫شيك‬
‫ السياحة‬traveler's check
‫( شيكوريا‬It. cicoria) šīkōriyā chicory
‫ شيكوالته‬šīkōlāta (syr.) chocolate
1
‫ )شال )شيل‬šāla , to carry, convey,
transport (‫ ھـ‬s.th.); to raise, elevate, lift (‫ھـ‬
s.th.)
‫ شيلة‬šaila pl. -āt load, burden
 ‫ شيالة‬šiyāla carrying, carriage,
conveyance, transportation (of loads);
porterage, carrying charges
‫ شيال‬šayyāl pl. -ūn, ‫ شيالة‬šayyāla porter,
carrier
‫ شيالة‬šayyāla suspender
‫ مشال‬mašāl carrying, carriage,
conveyance, transportation (of loads);
porterage, carrying charges
2 ‫ صاج‬ṣāj thin sheet iron; bread tin, baking tin │
‫ شال‬pl. ‫ شيالن‬look up alphabetically
‫ شيالم‬šailām darnel (Lalium temulentum; bot.);
a variety of vetch
‫ شيلمان‬šīlmān (coll.; n. un. ‫ )ة‬steel
girders (ir.)
‫ شيلي‬šīlī Chile
‫ )شام )شيم‬šāma i to look out (‫ ھـ‬for), be
on the lookout, watch; to expect (‫ ھـ‬s.th.),
hope (‫ ھـ‬for)
‫ شيمة‬šīma pl. ‫ شيم‬šiyam nature, temper,
disposition, character; habit, custom,
practice 498
‫ شامة‬šāma pl. -āt, ‫ شام‬šām mole, nevus,
birthmark
‫ شيمية‬šīmīya pl. ‫ شيامي‬šayāmī (eg.)
vortex, whirlpool, eddy
‫ مشيمة‬mašīma pl. ‫ مشيم‬mašīm, ‫مشايم‬
mašāyim2 placenta
1
‫ )شان )شين‬šāna i (‫ شين‬šain) to disfigure,
disfeature, mar, .dishonor, disgrace (‫ ه‬،‫ھـ‬
s.o., s.th.) │ ‫( شان سمعته‬sum‘atahū) to
detract from s.o.’s good reputation II = I
‫ شين‬šain disfigurement, marring,
dishonoring, disgracing; disgrace, shame
‫ شائن‬šā’in dishonorable, scandalous,
disgraceful
‫ مشين‬mušayyin dishonorable,
scandalous, disgraceful
1
‫ شين‬šīn name of the letter ‫ش‬
‫ شاي‬look up alphabetically
‫ شياخ‬pl. of ‫شاء‬, see ‫شوء‬
‫ص‬
‫ ص‬abbreviation of ‫ صفحة‬ṣafḥa page (of a
book)
‫ ص ب‬abbreviation of ‫ صندوق البريد‬ṣundūq al-
barīd post-office box, p. o. b.
‫ صؤاب‬ṣu’āb (coll.; n. un. ‫ )ة‬pl. ‫ صئبان‬ši’bān,
‫ صيبان‬ṣībān nit
‫ صابورة‬see 2‫صبر‬
‫ صابون‬see ‫صبن‬
‫( صاج مضلع‬muḍalla‘) corrugated iron
‫ يا صاح‬yā ṣāḥi = ‫ يا صاحبي‬yā ṣāḥibī
‫ صاد‬name of the letter ‫ص‬
‫ صاغ‬in order, right, proper, sound, regular,
standard; a rank in army and police
(intermediate between captain and major);
a naval rank intermediate between
lieutenant and lieutenant commander (Eg.)
│ ‫‘( عملة صاغ‬umla) standard currency;
‫( غرش صاغ‬girš) standard piaster
‫( صاغقول اغاسي‬Turk. sağkol ağasι) military
rank intermediate between captain and
major (Eg.)
‫( صالة‬It. sala) ṣāla pl. -āt hall, large room
‫ صالون‬ṣālūn salon, parlor, reception room │
‫‘ عربة صالون‬arabat ṣ. parlor car, club car
‫ صامولة‬see ‫ صمولة‬ṣamūla
‫ صأى‬ṣa’ā a i (‫ صئى‬ṣa’īy) to twitter, chirp (of a
bird)
‫ صب‬ṣabba u (ṣabb) to pour, pour forth, cast,
empty, fill (‫ في ھـ‬s.th. into); to impose, ‫عليه‬
‫( بالء‬balā’an) a trial upon s.o. │ ‫صب الغارة‬
to commit an assault; -- i (ṣabb) to be
poured out, pour forth, shed, flow (‫في‬
into); to befall (‫ على‬s.o.), come upon s.o. (
١) -- ‫على(؛‬st pers. perf. ṣabibtu) a (‫صبابة‬
ṣabāba) to love ardently (‫ الى‬s.o.) V to
pour forth, shed, flow; to drip, outflow (‫ھـ‬
with), be bathed (‫ ھـ‬in); to dissolve, melt,
deliquesce │ ‫‘( تصبب عرقا‬araqan) to be
wet with perspiration, break into a sweat
VII to be poured out, pour forth, flow,
shed, effuse, gush out; to be intent, be
bent (‫ على‬or ‫ الى‬on), be out for (‫ على‬or ‫;)الى‬
to apply o.s. (‫ على‬or ‫ الى‬to s.th.), study,
endeavor (‫ على‬or ‫ الى‬to be or do s.th.); to
be aimed, directed, oriented (‫ على‬at), bear
upon (٤٩٩ (‫على‬
 ‫ صب‬ṣabb pouring; casting, founding
(of metal); cut; flow gush; outpour,
effusion; ardently in love, enamored
‫ صبيب‬ṣabīb pl. ‫ اصباب‬aṣbāb declivity;
slope, incline, hillside
‫ صبيب‬ṣabīb poured out, shed, spilled;
blood; sweat, perspiration
‫ صبابة‬ṣabāba ardent love, fervent
longing
‫ صبابة‬ṣubāba rest, remainder, remnant
‫ مصب‬maṣabb pl. -āt, ‫ مصاب‬maṣābb2
outlet, escape, drain; mouth (of a river,
and the like); drainpipe; funnel
‫ مصبوب‬maṣbūb lead (metal); pl.
‫ مصبوبات‬cast-metal goods, foundry
products
1
‫ صبأ‬ṣaba’a a (‫ صبوء‬ṣubū’) to grow (tooth,
nail), sprout (plant); -- ṣaba’a a to turn (
‫ الى‬to, toward)
2
‫ صابئ‬ṣābi’ Sabian; Mandaean, see the
following
‫ الصابئة‬aṣ-ṣābi’a the Sabians,
designation of two different sects, 1) the
Mandaeans, a Judeo-Christian Gnostic,
baptist sect in Mesopotomia (Christians of
St. John), used in this sense in the Koran.
2) The Sabians of Harran, a pagan sect
extant as late as the 11th century A. D.
‫ صبح‬ṣabaḥa a (ṣabḥ) to offer a morning
draught (‫ ه‬to s.o.); -- ṣabuḥa u (‫صباحة‬
ṣabāḥa) to be beautiful, graceful,
handsome, comely, pretty; to beam, be
radiant (face) II to offer a morning
draught (‫ ه‬to s.o.); to come in the morning
(‫ ه‬to s.o.); to which a good morning (‫على‬
or ‫ ه‬to s.o.) III ‫ يصابحه ويماسيه‬he attends to
it mornings and evenings, he is constantly,
incessantly occupied with it IV to enter
upon morning; to wake up, be awake, be
in one’s senses; to be or become clear; to
become, be, or happen in the morning; to
get (‫ في‬into a situation), reach a state,
come to a point where ...; to become,
grow, turn; to be │ ‫( اصبح الصباح‬ṣabāḥu) it
became morning; ‫ اصبح على خير‬to have a
good morning, begin the day happily;
‫( تصبح على خير‬tuṣbiḥ) porting word at
night: may you he well tomorrow
morning! ‫( يفعله اذا اصبح ويفعله اذا امسى‬amsā)
he does it mornings and evenings, he does
it all the time, incessantly; ‫اصبح الحق‬
(ḥaqqu) truth has come to light; ‫لم يصبح‬
‫ يفعل‬he no longer did (so); ‫ لم يصبح له وجود‬it
no longer existed VIII to have a morning
draught; to light (‫ ھـ‬s.th., e.g., a lamp); to
use for lighting (‫ ب‬s.th.) X to begin the
day
‫ صبح‬ṣubḥ pl. ‫ اصباح‬aṣbāḥ dawn;
daybreak; morning; (ellipt. for ‫صالة الصبح‬
ṣalāt aṣ-ṣ.) morning prayer (at dawn)
‫ صبحة‬ṣubḥa early morning; breakfast,
morning meal
‫ صباح‬ṣabāḥ morning; ‫ صباحا‬ṣabāḥan in
the morning │ ‫ صباح مساء‬ṣabāḥa masā’a
in the morning and in the evening,
mornings and evenings; ‫ صباح اليوم‬ṣabāḥ
al-yaum this morning; ‫ صباح‬,‫صباحك بالخير‬
‫( الخير‬bi-l-kair) good morning! ‫عم صباحا‬
(‘im) do.
‫ صباحي‬ṣabāḥī morning (adj.)
‫ صباح‬ṣubāḥ and ‫ صبحان‬ṣabḥān2, f. ‫صبحى‬
ṣabḥā pretty, comely, handsome,
beautiful, graceful
‫ صبيح‬ṣabīḥ pl. ‫ صباح‬ṣibāḥ pretty,
comely, handsome, beautiful, graceful
‫ صباحة‬ṣubāḥa beauty, gracefulness,
grace
‫ صبيحة‬ṣabīḥa morning
‫ صبوح‬ṣabūḥ morning draught; beautiful
as the early day, radiant, bright
‫ مصباح‬miṣbāḥ pl. ‫ مصابيح‬maṣābīḥ2 lamp;
light, luminary (also fig.); head-light (of
an automobile) │ ٥٠٠ ‫مصباح اإلضاءة‬
incandescent light, light bulb; ‫مصباح كشاف‬
(kaššāf) searchlight; ‫مصباح كھربائي‬
(kahrabā’ī) electric light, light bulb; ‫مصباح‬
‫( كھربائي يدوي‬yadawī) electric flashlight
‫ اصباح‬iṣbāḥ morning
‫ استصباح‬istiṣbāḥ illumination, lighting │
‫ غاز االستصباح‬illuminating gas
‫ مصبح‬muṣbaḥ morning
‫ صبر‬ṣabara i (ṣabr) to bind, tie, fetter, shackle
(‫ ه‬s.o.); to be patient, be forbearing, have
patience, take patience, persevere; to bear
calmly, patiently, stoutly, endure (‫على‬
s.th.); to refrain, abstain, desist (‫ عن‬from),
renounce (‫ عن‬s.th.); to hold one’s own (‫ل‬
against s.o.), withstand (‫ ل‬s.o.) II to ask (‫ه‬
s.o.) to be patient; to admonish (‫ ه‬s.o.) to
be patient; to console, comfort, solace (‫ھـ‬
the heart); to make (‫ ھـ‬s.th.) durable; to
conserve (‫ ھـ‬s.th.); to preserve, can (‫ھـ‬
s.th.) │ ‫( صبر بطنه‬baṯnahū; eg.) to have a
snack III to vie in patience (‫ ه‬with s.o.); to
bear stoutly V to be patient, be for-
bearing, have or take patience, persevere
VIII = V
‫ صبر‬ṣabr fettering, shackling; patience,
forbearance; composure, equanimity,
steadfastness, firmness; self-control, self-
command, self-possession; perseverance,
endurance, hardiness │ ‫ قتله صبرا‬qatalahū
ṣabran to kill s.o. in captivity; ‫ال صبر لي‬
(ṣabra) I cannot bear it! this is
unbearable! ‫ قلة الصبر‬qillat aṣ-ṣ.
impatience; ‫ قليل الصبر‬impatient; ‫قل صبره‬
qalla ṣabruhū to be impatient; to lose
patience; ‫ لم يبق في قوس صبري منزع‬lam
yabqa fī qausi ṣabrī minza‘ (there is no
arrow left for the bow of my patience, i.e.)
my patience is at an end
‫ صبر‬ṣabir, ṣabr aloe (bot.)
‫ صبرة‬ṣabra severe cold
‫ صبرة‬ṣabra heap, pile; ṣubratan
summarily, on the whole, in the lump
‫ صبار‬ṣabbār (very) patient, enduring,
perseverant, steadfast
‫ صبار‬ṣubār Indian fig (Opuntia ficus-
indica; bot.)
‫ صبر‬ṣubbair Indian fig (Opuntia ficus-
indica; bot.)
‫ صبور‬ṣabūr pl. ‫ صبر‬ṣubur (very)
patient, enduring, perseverant, steadfast
‫ صبارة‬ṣabāra and ṣabārra severe cold
‫ تصبيرة‬taṣbira (eg.) light meal in the
forenoon, a snack
‫ مصابرة‬muṣābara long-suffering,
longanimity, endurance, perseverance,
patience, forbearance
‫ اصطبار‬iṣtibār patience, forbearance,
endurance, perseverance
‫ صابر‬ṣābir patient, long-suffering,
enduring, perseverant, steadfast
‫ مصبرات‬muṣabbarāt conserves, canned
goods
2
‫ صبر‬ṣabbara to ballast (‫ ه‬a ship)
‫ صابورة‬ṣābūra ballast of a ship
‫ صبع‬ṣaba‘a a (ṣab‘) to point with the finger (
‫ على‬or ‫ ب‬at); to insert one’s finger (‫ ھا‬into
the hen, so as to ascertain whether she is
going to lay an egg)
‫ اصبع‬iṣba‘ pl. ‫ اصابع‬aṣābi‘2 finger; toe
(also ‫ اصبع القدم‬i. al.qadam); a linear
measure (Eg.; = 3.125 cm) │ ‫اصابع من‬
‫ البطاطس‬French fried potatoes; ‫اصبع األحمر‬
lipstick; ‫ اصابع السجق‬s. as-sujuq
frankfurters; ‫ بصمة األصابع‬baṣmat al-a.
fingerprint; ‫ طابع األصابع‬do.; ‫له اصبع في ھذا‬
‫ األمر‬he has a hand in this matter
‫ صباع‬ṣubā‘ (eg.) finger; toe (also ‫صباع‬
‫ القدم‬ṣ. al-qadam)
‫ اصبوع‬uṣbū‘ pl. ‫ اصابيع‬aṣābī‘ finger; toe
‫ مصبع‬muṣabba‘ gridiron, grill 501
‫ صبغ‬ṣabaga u i a (ṣabg, ṣibag) to dye,
stain (‫ ھـ‬s.th., e.g., a fabric), color, tint,
tinge, paint, daub (‫ ھـ‬s.th.); to give s.th. (
‫ )ھـ‬the air, touch, or appearance (‫ ب‬of
s.th.); to dip, immerse (‫ ھـ‬s.th., ‫ في‬in
water); to baptize (‫ ه‬s.o.) │ ‫صبغه صبغة‬
(ṣibgatan ukrā) to transform, change s.o.
VIII to be dyed, be or become colored or
tinted; to be baptized, receive baptism
‫ صبغ‬ṣibg pl. ‫ اصباغ‬aṣbāg color, dye,
dyestuff; pigment; (coat of) paint, varnish;
make-up, grease paint, face paint
‫ صبغة‬ṣibga color, dye, dyestuff;
pigment; tincture (med.); coloring, tinge,
tint, shade, hue, nuance, touch, air; nature,
character; (coat of) paint, varnish;
baptism; religion │ ‫ صبغة األفيون‬ṣ. al-afyūn
tincture of opium, laudanum; ‫ صبغة اليود‬ṣ.
al-yūd tincture of iodine; ‫صبغة محلية‬
(maḥallīya) local touch, local color; ‫اخرجه‬
‫( من صبغته‬akrajahū) to change, disfigure
s.o. or s.th.
O ‫ صبغيات‬ṣibgīyāt chromosomes
‫ صباغ‬ṣibāg pl. ‫ اصبغة‬aṣbiga color, dye,
dyestuff; spice, condiment, seasoning,
sauce
‫ صباغ‬ṣabbāg dyer
 ‫ صباغة‬ṣibāga dyer’s trade, art of dyeing
or staining
‫ مصبغة‬maṣbaga dyehouse, dye works
‫ صابغ‬ṣābig dyer; baptist │ ‫يوحنا الصابغ‬
(yūḥannā) John the Baptist
‫ مصبوغ‬maṣbūg dyed, stained, colored,
tinted; having a touch or air (‫ ب‬of);
influenced (‫ ب‬by); imbued (‫ ب‬with)
‫ صبن‬II to soap, rub with soap (‫ ھـ‬s.th.)
‫ صابون‬ṣabūn soap │ ‫ حجر الصابون‬ḥajar
aṣ-ṣ. soapstone, steatite
‫ صابونة‬ṣābūna (n. un.) a cake of soap
‫ صابوني‬ṣābūnī soapy, soap-like,
saponaceous, made of soap
‫ صبان‬ṣabbān soap boiler
‫ مصبنة‬maṣbana soap works
‫ )صبا )صبو‬ṣabā u (ṣabw, ṣubūw, ‫صبا‬
ṣiban, ‫ صباء‬ṣabā’) to be a child, be
childish; -- (ṣubūw, ‫ صبوة‬ṣabwa) to bend,
incline (‫ الى‬to), feel sensual desire (‫ الى‬for);
to strive (‫ الى‬for), aspire (‫ الى‬to); -- ṣabiya
a (‫ صباء‬ṣabā’, ‫ صبا‬ṣiban) to behave like a
child, act in a childish manner II to
rejuvenate, render youthful again V to
behave like a child, act in a childish
manner; to incline to youthful pleasures;
to rejuvenesce, undergo rejuvenation,
regain youth, become young again; to
woo, court (‫ ھا‬a woman); to tempt, entice,
captivate, charm (‫ ه‬s.o., ‫ ھـ‬the heart) VI to
behave like a child X = VI
‫ صبا‬ṣaban pl. ‫ صبوات‬ṣabawāt, ‫اصباء‬
aṣbā’ east wind
‫ صبى‬،‫ صبا‬ṣiban childhood, boyhood,
youth; youthfulness; inclination,
propensity, bent, longing, desire
‫ صباء‬ṣabā’ childhood, boyhood, youth;
youthfulness
‫ صبوة‬ṣabwa youthful passion; amorous
disposition; sensual desire; childish
manners
‫ صبو‬ṣubūw youthful passion; amorous
disposition; sensual desire; childish
manners
‫ صبوة‬ṣubūwa childhood, boyhood,
youth; youthfulness
‫ صبي‬ṣabīy pl. ‫ صبية‬ṣibya, ṣabya, ‫صبيان‬
ṣibyān, ṣubyān, ‫ اصبية‬aṣbiya boy, youth,
lad
‫ صبية‬ṣabīya pl. ‫ صبايا‬ṣabāyā girl; young
girl 502
‫ صبياني‬ṣibyānī boyish, childlike;
childish, puerile; children’s
‫ صاب‬ṣābin youthful, juvenile
thoughtless, rash
‫ صبي‬see ‫صبو‬
‫ صح‬ṣaḥḥa i (‫ صحة‬ṣiḥḥa, ‫ صحاح‬ṣaḥāḥ) to be
healthy; to be all right, be in order; to
recover, recuperate (‫ من‬from); to heal (of
a wound); to be sound, strong, vigorous,
firm, right, correct, faultless, unimpaired,
unblemished; to be firm, unshakable
(resolution); to be admissible, permissible;
to be true, authentic, certain, sure; to
prove true, turn out to be true; to hold
good. go (‫ على‬for), apply (‫ على‬to), b. true (
‫ على‬of); to result or follow definitely (‫عن‬
from); to be a fact, turn out (‫ ل‬for); to
become a fact; to be successful, work out
well (‫ ل‬for s.o.); to fall to s.o. or to s.o.’s
share (‫ ل( │ صحت عزيمته على‬or ‫صح عزمه‬
(‘azmuhū) he was firmly resolved to ...,
his mind was made up to ...; ‫يصح االعتماد‬
‫ عليه‬it may serve as a basis; ‫ يصح ان يقال فيه‬it
is rightly said of him ...; ‫ صح في األذھان‬to
appear right, adequate, reasonable II to
restore, to health, cure, heal (‫ ه‬s.o.); to
correct, emend, rectify (‫ ھـ‬s.th.); to
prepare, a critical edition (‫ ھـ‬of a text); to
legalize, authenticate (‫ ھـ‬a document),
certify, confirm, attest (‫ ھـ‬the authenticity
of a document), sign (‫ ھـ‬a document); to
impose one’s signature, undersign (magr.)
V to undergo correction, emendation,
rectification, be corrected, emended,
rectified X to regain health; to recover,
recuperate (‫ من‬from)
‫ صحة‬ṣiḥḥa health; hygiene;
faultlessness, rightness, soundness,
correctness; truth, genuineness, verity,
veracity, credibility, authenticity; validity;
legal validity, legality │ ‫وزارة الصحة‬
‫‘( العمومية‬umūmīya) Ministry of Public
Health (Eg.)
‫ صحي‬wholesome, salubrious, healthy,
healthful (diet, and the like); sanitary;
hygienic │ ‫( المحجر الصحي‬maḥjar)
quarantine
‫ صحيح‬pl. ‫ صحاح‬ṣiḥāḥ, ṣiḥāḥ, ‫اصحاء‬
aṣiḥḥā’2 healthy, well, sound, healthful;
complete, integral, perfect; whole, entire,
undivided; right, correct, proper; true,
veritable, actual, real; authentic, genuine,
truthful, reliable, credible, believable;
valid, legally valid, legal, lawful, rightful;
strong (gram.; of a consonant, a verb) │
‫( جمع صحيح‬jam‘) sound plural (ending in
‫ ون‬-ūn or ‫ ات‬-āt; gram); ‫‘( عدد صحيح‬adad)
whole number, integer (math.); ‫ انه‬... ‫صحيح‬
(annahū) he was (he is) …, he was (he is),
it is true, …
‫ اصح‬aṣaḥḥ2 sounder, healthier; more
correct, more proper │ ‫ او على األصح‬or
more properly speaking
‫ اصحاح‬aṣḥāḥ, iṣḥāḥ chapter of the Holy
Scriptures (Chr.)
‫ مصح‬maṣaḥḥ pl. -āt sanatorium; health
retreat, sanitarium
‫ مصحة‬maṣaḥḥa that which promotes or
is conducive to health; sanatorium
‫ تصحيح‬taṣḥīḥ correction, rectification;
emendation, critical revision
‫ مصحح‬muṣaḥḥiḥ O vernier (of a range
finder) │ ‫( المصحح اسفله‬asfalahū) the
undersigned
‫ صحب‬ṣaḥiba a (‫ صحبة‬ṣuḥba, ‫صحابة‬
ṣaḥāba, ṣiḥāba) to be or become a
companion, an associate, a comrade, a
friend (‫ ه‬of s.o.), make or become friends,
be friends (‫ ه‬with s.o.); to associate, have
social intercourse (‫ ه‬with s.o.); to
accompany, escort (‫ ه‬s.o.); to be closely
associated (‫ ه‬with s.o.) III = I; to keep (‫ه‬
s.o.) company IV to send along, delegate
as companion or escort (‫ ه ه‬or ‫ ھـ‬for s.o.
s.o. else or s.th.) VI to 503 have social
intercourse, associate (‫ مع‬with); to become
friends, be friends (‫ مع‬with) VIII to
accompany, escort (‫ ه‬s.o.); to take (‫ ه‬s.o.)
as companion or escort, have o.s. escorted
or accompanied (‫ ه‬by s.o.): to take along (‫ه‬
s.th., ‫ ه‬a companion) X to take a
companion or escort, take along
‫ صحبة‬ṣuḥba friendship, companionship,
comradeship; accompanying, company,
escort; association, intercourse; friends,
companions, associates, comrades; (eg.)
nosegay, bunch of flowers: ṣuḥbata
accompanied by; with │ ‫صحبة ھذا‬
(ṣuḥbata) herein enclosed
‫ الصحابة‬aṣ-ṣaḥāba the Companions of
the Prophet Mohammed
‫ صحابي‬ṣaḥābī a Companion of the
Prophet Mohammed
‫ مصاحبة‬muṣāḥaba accompanying,
company, escort
‫ اصطحاب‬iṣṭiḥāb accompanying,
company, escort; association
‫ صاحب‬ṣāḥib pl. ‫ اصحاب‬aṣḥāb, ‫صحب‬
ṣuḥub, ‫ صحابة‬ṣaḥāba, ‫ صحبان‬ṣuḥbān, ‫صحبة‬
associate, companion, comrade, friend;
adherent, follower; the other (of two);
(with foll. genit.) man, owner, possessor,
holder, master, lord, commander,
representative, author or originator of …;
entrusted with; addicted or given to; ‫يا صاح‬
yā ṣāḥi = ‫ يا صاحبي‬yā ṣāḥibī│ ‫ صاحب األمر‬ṣ.
al-amr ruler, master, overlord, sovereign;
‫ صاحب البواخر‬shipowner; ‫ صاحب الجاللة‬ṣ. al-
jalāla His Majesty; ‫ صاحب حال‬the noun to
which a circumstantial phrase (ḥāl) refers;
‫ صاحب الدولة‬ṣ. ad-daula (formerly) title of
the Prime Minister (Eg.); ‫ صاحب السجادة‬ṣ.
as-sajjāda title of the leaders of certain
dervish orders in their capacity of owners
of the founder’s prayer rug; ‫ صاحب السعادة‬ṣ.
as-sa‘āda title of a pasha; ‫ صاحب السماحة‬ṣ.
as-samāḥa title of a mufti, approx. “His
Eminence”; ‫ صاحب السمو الملكي‬ṣ. as-sumūw
al-malakī His Royal Highness; ‫اصحاب الشأن‬
a. aš-ša’n those concerned; the important,
influential people; ‫ اصحاب الشبھات‬a. aš-
šubuhāt dubious persons, people of ill
repute; ‫( صاحب الطبع‬formerly) Keeper of
the Seal (of the Bey of Tunisia); ‫صاحب‬
‫ العزة‬ṣ. al-‘izza title of a bey; ‫صاحب العظمة‬
ṣ. al-‘aẓama His Majesty; ‫ صاحب المعالي‬ṣ.
al-ma‘ālī title of a cabinet minister; ‫صاحب‬
‫ العمل‬ṣ. al-‘amal employer; ‫ صاحب الغبطة‬ṣ.
al-gibṭa title of the Coptic Patriarch;
‫ صاحب الفضيلة‬title of Islamic theologians
and sheiks, such as Rector and Professors
of Al Azhar University; ‫ صاحب‬ṣ. al-fikra
father to the thought, the originator of an
idea; ‫( صاحب المقام الرفيع‬ṣ. al-maqam)
 formerly, title bestowed on bearers of the
order ‫ القالدة‬established by Fuad I in 1936
2
‫ صاحبة‬ṣāḥiba pl. -āt, ‫ صواحب‬ṣawāḥib ,
‫ صواحبات‬ṣawāḥibāt fem. of ‫ صاحب‬woman
companion. etc. │ ‫ صاحبة الجاللة‬ṣ. al-jalāla
Her Majesty; ‫ صاحبة السمو الملكي‬ṣ. as-
sumūw al-malakī Her Royal Highness;
‫ صاحبة العصمة‬ṣ. al-‘iṣma title of a lady of
high social standing
‫ صويحب‬ṣuwaiḥib friend (diminutive of
‫)صاحب‬
‫ صويحبة‬ṣuwaiḥiba pl. -āt girl friend
(diminutive of ‫)صاحبة‬
‫ مصحوب‬maṣḥūb accompanied (‫ ب‬by);
attended (‫ ب‬with); associated (‫ ب‬with);
provided (‫ ب‬with)
‫ اصحر‬aṣḥar2 f. ‫ صحراء‬ṣaḥrā’2 desertlike; of the
color of desert sand; desolate, bleak
2
‫ صحراء‬ṣaḥrā’ pl. ‫ صحار‬ṣaḥārin, ‫صحاري‬
ṣaḥārā, ‫ صحروات‬ṣaḥrawāt desert, steppe
504
‫ صحراوي‬ṣaḥrāwī desert, desolate, waste
│ ‫( اراض صحراوية‬arāḍin) desert areas
‫ صحارة‬ṣaḥāra pl. ‫ صحاحير‬ṣaḥāḥīr2 case,
chest, crate, box
‫ صحف‬II to misplace the diacritical marks; to
misread, mispronounce, misspell (‫ ھـ‬a
word); to misrepresent, distort, twist (‫ ھـ‬a
report, etc.) V to be misread or misspelled
(word)
‫ صحفة‬ṣaḥfa pl. ‫ صحاف‬ṣiḥāf bowl, dish,
platter
‫ صحيفة‬ṣuḥaifa saucer
‫ صحيفة‬ṣaḥīfa pl. ‫ صحف‬ṣuḥuf, ‫صحائف‬
ṣaḥā’if2 leaf (in a book or notebook),
page; newspaper, paper, daily, journal;
epidermis; surface; exterior │ ‫الصحيفة‬
‫( البيضاء‬baiḍā’) honorable name, honor
‫ صحفي‬ṣuḥufī newspaper-, news-, press-
(in compounds), journalistic; (pl. -ūn)
newspaperman, journalist │ ‫مؤتمر صحفي‬
(mu’tamar) press conference
‫ صحافة‬ṣiḥāfa journalism, news
business; the press
‫ صحافي‬ṣaḥāfī journalistic; journalist,
newspaperman, newsman
‫ صحافية‬ṣiḥāfīya woman journalist
‫ مصحف‬maṣḥaf, muṣḥaf pl. ‫مصاحف‬
maṣāḥif2 volume; book; copy of the Koran
(‫)مصحف شريف‬
‫ تصحيف‬taṣhīf misplacement of the
diacritical marks; misspelling, slip of the
pen; (grammatical) mistake;
misrepresentation, distortion
‫ صحل‬ṣaḥal raucous voice
1
‫ صحن‬ṣaḥn pl. ‫ صحون‬ṣuḥūn bowl, dish; plate;
dish, meal, food; yard, courtyard; surface,
plane; disk; (pl. ‫ اصحنة‬aṣḥina) phonograph
record, disc (tun.) │ ‫ صحن الدار‬courtyard,
patio; ‫ صحن السجار‬ashtray; ‫( على صحن الخد‬ṣ.
il-kadd) on the (surface of the) cheek
‫ مصحون‬maṣḥūn ground, brayed,
pounded, crushed, grated
2
‫ صحناة‬ṣaḥnāh sardine
(‫ صحو‬and ‫ صحي( صحا‬ṣaḥā u (ṣaḥw) and ‫صحي‬
ṣaḥiya a (‫ صحا‬ṣaḥan) to be or become
clear, bright, cloudless, serene (day, sky);
-- (‫ صحو‬ṣaḥw, ṣuḥuw) to regain
consciousness, come to; to recover (‫من‬
from intoxication), sober up; to wake up,
awake (‫ من‬from sleep); to become alert (
‫ الى‬to s.th.), become aware (‫ الى‬of s.th.) II
to wake up, awaken, rouse (‫ ه‬s.o.) IV to be
or become clear, bright, cloudless, serene
(day, sky); to wake up, awaken, rouse (‫ه‬
s.o.)
‫ صحو‬ṣaḥw cloudlessness, brightness
serenity (of the weather); clarity, alertness
of the mind, consciousness; bright, serene,
cloudless, sunny (weather)
‫ صحوة‬ṣaḥwa awakening, recovery of
consciousness; state of consciousness
‫ صاح‬ṣāḥin bright, serene, cloudless,
clear (weather); -- (pl. -ūn, ‫ صحاة‬ṣuḥāh)
awake, wakeful, watchful, alert, vigilant;
conscious; sober
‫ صخب‬ṣakiba a (ṣakab) to shout, cry, yell,
clamor, roar, bellow; to scold (‫ على‬s.o.,
s.th.); to rage, roar, be loud VIII to raise a
din, roar simultaneously, be tumultuous,
resound in utter confusion, rage
‫ صخب‬ṣakab shouting, roar(ing),
bellowing, yelling, clamor, din, hubbub;
cry, outcry, yell; raging
 ‫ صخب‬ṣakib crying, yelling, noisy,
clamoring, vociferous, roaring, raging
‫ صخاب‬ṣakkāb clamorous, boisterous,
roaring, bellowing, raging
‫ اصطخاب‬iṣtikāb noise, din, clamor,
hubbub, uproar, tumult, turmoil, roar,
raging
‫ صاخب‬ṣākib loud, noisy, clamorous,
boisterous, vociferous, tumultuous,
roaring, 505 raging │‫( قوة صاخبة‬qūwa)
power of the voice
‫ مصطخب‬muṣṭakab noise, din, hubbub,
tumult, raging, roar(ing)
‫ صخر‬ṣakr (coll.; n. un. ‫ )ة‬pl. ‫ صخور‬ṣukūr,
‫ صخورة‬ṣukūra, ‫ صخرات‬ṣakarāt rocks, solid
rock, boulders, rock formations; pl. ‫صخور‬
rock (geol.)
‫ صخرة‬ṣakra boulder, rock │ ‫قبة الصخرة‬
qubbat aṣ-ṣ. the Dome of the Rock, the
Mosque of Omar (in Jerusalem)
‫ صخري‬ṣakrī rocky, stony
‫ صخر‬ṣakir rocky, stony
‫ صد‬ṣadda u (ṣadd) to turn away, alienate,
discourage, divert, deter, restrain, reject,
send away (‫ عن ه‬s.o. from); to dissuade (
‫ عن ه‬s.o. from his desire); to repel, parry,
ward off (‫ ھـ‬s.th., e.g., an attack); to
hinder, prevent (‫ عن ه‬s.o. from); to
impede, hamper, stop, bring to a standstill
(‫ ه‬s.o.); to resist, oppose (‫ ه‬s.o.) │ ‫ال يصد‬
‫( النظر‬naẓara) it does not offend the eye, it
is nice to look at; -- i u (ṣadd, ‫ صدود‬ṣudūd)
to turn away (‫ عن‬from), turn one’s back (
‫ عن‬on s.o., on s.th.); to stay away, remain
aloof (‫ عن‬from s.th.) II to suppurate,
maturate, fester IV do. V to face, confront
(‫ ل‬s.o.)
‫ صد‬ṣadd averting, turning away;
checking, stopping; repulsion, rejection;
hindering, impeding, obstruction,
prevention; resistance, aversion,
reluctance
‫ صدد‬ṣadad nearness, proximity;
intention, purpose, design, aim; respect,
regard, relation, concern, subject, matter;
topic (of a discussion); ṣadada (prep.)
opposite, in front of │ ‫ على صدد‬and ‫بصدد‬
opposite, in front of; ‫ في صدد‬concerning,
regarding, re, with respect to; ‫في ھذا الصدد‬
in this respect, with regard to this, with
relation to this, on this occasion, in this
connection; ‫ ھو بصدد امر‬he is currently
busy with s.th., he is at present occupied
with a matter; ‫( نرجع الى ما نحن بصدده‬narji‘)
we return to what is our present concern
or to what we are just discussing
‫ صديد‬ṣadīd pus, matter
‫ صديدي‬ṣadīdī suppurative, purulent,
festering
‫ صدئ‬ṣadi’a a (‫ صدأ‬ṣada’) and ‫ صدؤ‬ṣadu’a u
(ṣadā’a) to become or be rusty, rust,
oxidize II = I; to make (‫ ھـ‬s.th.) rusty,
cause (‫ ھـ‬s.th.) to rust, corrode (‫ ھـ‬s.th.)
‫ صدأ‬ṣada’a rust; oxidation; smut, rust
(plant disease)
‫ صداءة‬ṣadā’a rustiness
‫ صدئ‬ṣadi’a rusty, rust-covered; dirty,
mean, shabby
‫ مصدأ‬maṣda’ rusty, rust-covered
‫ صدح‬ṣadaḥa a (ṣadḥ, ‫ صداح‬ṣudāḥ) to chant,
sing; to play (‫ ب‬a song, a tune)
‫ صدح‬ṣadaḥ banner
‫ صدحات‬ṣadaḥāt (musical) strains
O ‫ صادح‬ṣādiḥ note raised a semitone, a
sharp (mus.)
‫ صدر‬ṣadara a i (‫ صدور‬ṣudūr) to go out,
step out (‫ عن‬or ‫ من‬of, from within); to
proceed, emanate, arise, originate, stem (
‫ عن‬or ‫ من‬from), have its origin (‫ عن‬or ‫من‬
in); to come out, be issued, be
promulgated (order, ordinance, law); to
appear, be published (book); to leave, go
out (mail); to go (‫ الى‬to); to happen, occur,
come to pass; pass. ṣudira to have a chest
complaint │ ‫( صدر عن الجد‬jidd) to set about
seriously, get to work earnestly; ‫صدر عن‬
‫ ارادته‬to act on one’s own volition II to
send, send off, dispatch, forward (‫ ھـ‬s.th.);
to export (‫ ھـ‬s.th.); to publish, bring out (‫ھـ‬
a book); to preface (‫ ھـ‬a book); to
introduce, commence (‫ ب ھـ‬a book with)
506 III to seize, impound, confiscate (‫ھـ‬
s.th.); to urge, press, oppress (s.o.), throw
obstacles in s.o.’s (‫ )ه‬way IV to send, send
out, dispatch (‫ ھـ‬s.th.); to export (‫ ھـ‬s.th.);
to issue (‫ ھـ‬s.th., e.g., banknotes, bonds),
make out (‫ ھـ‬s.th., e.g., a passport); to
publish, bring out (‫ ھـ‬s.th., e.g., a book); to
give, issue (‫ ھـ‬an order); to pronounce,
pass (‫ ھـ‬a legal sentence); to utter, express
(‫ ھـ‬an opinion, a view) V to be sent, be
dispatched; to preside (‫ ھـ‬over), head (‫ ھـ‬a
group); to have a front seat (‫ ھـ‬at a social
gathering); to resist, oppose (‫ ل‬s.o.), throw
obstacles in s.o.’s (‫ )ل‬way, stand in s.o.’s (
‫ )ل‬way X to bring about, obtain (‫ ھـ‬s.th.,
esp. ‫ حكما‬ḥukman a legal judgment or
sentence); to issue (marsūman an
ordinance)
‫ صدر‬ṣadr pl. ‫ صدور‬ṣudūr chest, breast,
bust; bosom, heart; front part, front; part,
portion; first hemistich; leader,
commander; beginning, start, outset,
commencement, inception; early period,
beginnings, dawn (fig.) │ ‫ صدر الدار‬one
who occupies the highest position in the
house, who plays first fiddle in the house;
‫( صدر رحب‬raḥb) generosity, magnanimity;
open-mindedness, broadmindedness,
liberality, frankness, candor; ‫صدر اإلسالم‬
early period of Islam, early Islam; ‫الصدر‬
‫ األعظم‬title of the Grand Vizier in the
Ottoman Empire; grand vizier (Mor.); ‫صدر‬
‫ المكان‬ṣ. al-makān the foremost part of a
room; ‫ صدر النھار‬ṣ. an-nahār daybreak,
beginning of the
day; ‫ ابو صدر‬robin (zool.); ‫بنات الصدر‬
banāt aṣ-ṣ. worries, anxieties,
apprehensions; ‫ باب الصدر‬front door; ‫ذات‬
‫ الصدر‬chest complaint; bottom of the heart,
secret thoughts; ‫ رحب الصدر‬raḥb aṣ-ṣ.
generous, magnanimous; open-minded,
broad-minded, liberal; free of misgivings,
unhesitating; ‫ رحيب الصدر‬do.; ‫ضيق الصدر‬
ḍayyiq aṣ-ṣ. annoyed, angry (‫ ب‬at);
disgruntled, depressed; ‫منقبض الصدر‬
munqabiḍ aṣ-ṣ. dejected, low-spirited,
crestfallen; ‫ مكانة الصدر‬makānat aṣ-ṣ. first
place, precedence, priority; = ‫واسع الصدر‬
‫( رحب الصدر؛ صدرا من الزمان‬zamān) quite a
stretch of time, for some time; ‫ في الصدر‬in
the foreground; ‫( سخم بصدره‬sakkama) to
irritate s.o., make s.o. angry; ‫انشرح صدره‬
inšaraḥa ṣadruhū to be gladdened, be
pleased, be cheered, be happy, rejoice
‫ صدري‬ṣadrī pectoral, chest (used
attributively) │ ‫( نزلة صدرية‬nazla)
bronchitis
‫ صدرة‬ṣudra vest, waistcoat; camisole,
(under)waist, bodice
‫ صديري‬ṣudairī and ‫ صديرية‬pl. -āt vest,
waistcoat; bodice
‫ صدار‬ṣidār vest, waistcoat;
(under-)waist, bodice
‫ صدارة‬ṣadāra, ṣidāra precedence;
presidency, chairmanship; first place, pre-
eminence; grand vizierate, office,
chancellery, or position, of the Grand
Vizier (Mor.)
‫ صدور‬ṣudūr coming out, appearance,
publication (e.g., of a book), issuance
(e.g., of an ordinance)
‫ مصدر‬maṣdar pl. ‫ مصادر‬maṣādir starting
point, point of origin; origin, source (fig.);
(gram.) infinitive, verbal noun; absolute
or internal object
‫ تصدير‬taṣdīr sending (off), dispatch,
forwarding; exportation, export; preface,
foreword (of a book); issuance
‫ مصادرة‬muṣādara seizure, confiscation
‫ اصدار‬iṣdār exportation, export; issue,
issuance, bringing out, edition,
publication; making out, issuance │
‫ مصرف االصدار‬maṣrif al-i. bank of issue
‫ استصدار‬istiṣdār issue, making out;
issuance 507
‫ صادر‬ṣādir going out, emanating,
originating; issued, come out, published,
etc.; exportation, export; yield; ‫الصادرات‬
export goods, exports
‫ مصدور‬maṣdūr affected with a pectoral
ailment, phthisical, consumptive,
tubercular
‫ مصدر‬maṣdar export merchant, exporter
‫ صدع‬ṣada‘a a (ṣad‘) to split, cleave, part,
sunder (‫ ھـ‬s.th.); to crack, break (‫ ھـ‬an
object), cause (‫ ھـ‬an object) to crack; to
break (‫ ھـ‬through obstacles), conquer,
overcome, surmount (‫ ھـ‬obstacles,
difficulties) │ ‫( صدع بالحق‬ḥaqq) to come
out openly with the truth; ‫( صدع بأمر‬amr)
to execute an order, comply with an order;
pass. sudi‘a to have or get a headache II
to cause a headache (‫ ه‬to s.o.); to molest,
harass, trouble (‫ خاطره‬kāṭirahū s.o.); pas.
ṣuddi‘a to have or get a headache V to get
 split, let cleft, come apart, burst, break,
crack; to go to pieces; to reel, waver, be
shaken; to separate (‫ عن‬from), part (‫عن‬
with) VII to get split, get cleft, come
apart, break, crack; to be rudely
interrupted; to break, dawn (morning)
‫ صدع‬ṣad‘ pl. ‫ صدوع‬ṣudū‘ crevice,
fissure, crack, break, rift, cleft
‫ صداع‬ṣudā‘ headache
‫ مصدوع‬maṣdū‘ having a crack, cracked,
broken
‫ صدغ‬ṣudg pl. ‫ اصداغ‬aṣdāg temple (anat.);
earlock, lovelock (also ‫ قصة الصدغ‬quṣṣat
aṣ-ṣ.)
‫ صدغي‬ṣudgī temporal (anat.)
‫ صدف‬ṣadafa i u (ṣadf, ‫ صدوف‬ṣudūf) to turn
away (‫ عن‬from), avoid, shun (‫ عن‬s.o.,
s.th.); -- i (ṣadf) to turn (‫ ه‬s.o.) away (‫عن‬
from), discourage, restrain, deter (‫ عن ه‬s.o.
from); to happen by chance III to find (،‫ھـ‬
‫ ه‬s.o., s.th.), meet (‫ ه‬s.o., ‫ ھـ‬with s.th.); to
meet unexpectedly, by chance (‫ ه‬s.o.),
light (‫ ه‬،‫ ھـ‬on), come across s.o. or s.th. (،‫ھـ‬
‫)ه‬, run into s.o. or s.th. (‫ ه‬،‫)ھـ‬, encounter (
‫ھـ‬, s.o., s.th.); to coincide, be coincident,
concur (‫ ھـ‬with s.th.); to fall (‫ ھـ‬on a given
date); to happen by chance, come to pass (
‫ ان‬that) │ ‫ صادف االستحسان‬to meet with
approval; ‫( صادف محله‬maḥallahū) to come
in handily, be convenient, be opportune V
to turn away (‫ عن‬from), avoid, shun (‫عن‬
s.o., s.th.) VI to happen by chance, come
to pass
‫ صدف‬ṣadaf (coll.; n. un. ‫ )ة‬pl. ‫اصداف‬
aṣdāf pearl oyster, sea shell, conch │ ‫صدفة‬
‫ االذن‬ṣ. al-udun external ear, auricle, pinna
‫ صدف‬ṣadaf, ‫ مرض الصدفية‬maraḍ aṣ-
ṣadafīya a noncontagious skin disease,
psoriasis (med.)
‫ صدفي‬ṣadafī sea-shell, shell (adj.);
nacreous, mother-of-pearl (adj.)
‫ صدفة‬ṣudfa pl. ‫ صدف‬ṣudaf chance,
haphazard, coincidence, unexpected
concurrence; ‫ صدفة‬ṣudfatan by chance, by
coincidence, accidentally │ ‫ بالصدفة‬or
‫ بطريق الصدفة‬by chance, by coincidence,
accidentally; as chance will have it,
haphazardly
‫ مصادفة‬muṣādafa pl. -āt encounter,
meeting; chance, haphazard, coincidence,
unexpected concurrence; muṣādafatan by
chance, by coincidence, accidentally
‫ مصادف‬muṣādif corresponding (‫ ل‬to),
concurrent (‫ ل‬with a date of another
chronological system), coincident (‫ل‬
with), falling (‫ ل‬on a given date)
‫ صدق‬ṣadaqa u (ṣadq, ṣidq) to speak the truth,
be sincere; to tell (‫ ه‬s.o.) the truth (‫عن‬
about); to prove to be true, turn out to be
correct, come true; to be right; to fit
exactly (‫ على‬s.o. or s.th.), apply (‫ على‬to),
hold true (‫ على‬of) │508 ‫ وعده‬or ‫( في وعده‬fī
wa‘dihī or wa‘dahū) to keep, or fulfill,
one’s promise; ‫( صدقه النصيحة‬naṣīḥata) to
advice s.o. sincerely; ‫( صدقه الحب‬ḥubba) to
love s.o. sincerely, truly II to deem (‫ ه‬،‫ھـ‬
s.o. s.th.) credible, accept (‫ ھـ‬s.th.) as true,
give credence (‫ ه‬،‫ ھـ‬to s.o., to s.th.),
believe, trust (‫ ه‬،‫ ھـ‬s.o., s.th.); to consider
or pronounce (‫ ھـ‬s.th.) to be true, right,
correct or credible; to believe (‫ ب‬in); to
give one’s consent, to consent, assent,
agree (‫ على‬to s.th.), approve (‫ على‬of s.th.),
grant, license, sanction, certify, confirm,
substantiate, attest, ratify, authenticate,
legalize, verify (‫ على‬s.th.) │ ‫ال يصدق‬
(yuṣaddaqu) incredible, unbelievable,
unreliable, untrustworthy; ‫صدق او كذب‬
ṣaddiq au kaddib (as an affirmative
parenthesis) believe it or not III to treat (‫ه‬
s.o.) &s a friend; to maintain one’s
friendship (‫ ه‬with s.o.); to be or become
friends (‫ ه‬with s.o.), befriend (‫ ه‬s.o.); to
give one’s consent, to consent, assent,
agree (‫ على‬to s.th.), approve (‫ على‬of),
grant, license, sanction, certify, confirm,
substantiate (‫ على‬s.th.); to legalize,
authenticate (‫ على‬a signature, etc.) IV to
fix a (bridal) dower (‫ ھا‬for a woman) V to
give alms (‫ على‬to s.o.); to give as alms,
donate (‫ على‬to s.o., ‫ ب‬s.th.)
‫ صدق‬ṣidq truth, trueness, truthfulness;
sincerity, candor; veracity, correctness (of
an allegation); efficiency; ‫ صدقا‬ṣidqan
truly, really, in truth
‫ صدقة‬ṣadaqa pl. -āt alms, charitable
gift; almsgiving, charity, voluntary
contribution of alms, freewill offering;
legally prescribed alms tax (Isl. Law) │
 ‫ صدقة الفطر‬ṣ. al-fiṭr almsgivings at the end
of Ramadan (Isl. Law)
‫ صداق‬ṣadāq, sidāq pl. ‫ صدق‬ṣuduq, ‫اصدقة‬
aṣdiqa (bridal) dower; -- (pl. ‫)اصدقة‬
marriage contrast (tun.)
‫ صداقة‬ṣadāqa pl. ·41 friendohip
‫ صديق‬ṣadīq pl. ‫ اصدقاء‬aṣdiqā’2, ‫صدقاء‬
ṣudaqā’2, ‫ صدقان‬ṣudqān friend; friendly,
connected by bonds of friendship
‫ صدوق‬ṣadūq veracious, truthful, honest,
sincere
‫ صديق‬ṣiddīq strictly veracious, honest,
righteous, upright; ‫ الصديق‬epithet of the
first Caliph, Abū Bakr
‫ اصدق‬aṣdaq2 truer, sincerer │ ‫اصدق‬
‫( برھان على‬a. burhānin) the most reliable,
or best, proof for ...; ‫ اصدق صديق‬the most
loyal, or best, friend
‫ مصداق‬miṣdāq confirmation,
corroboration, substantiation; touchstone,
criterion
‫ تصديق‬taṣdīq belief, faith (‫ ب‬in);
consent, assent, agreement (‫ على‬to),
approval, sanctioning, licensing,
certification, confirmation, attestation,
ratification, verification, authentication,
legalization (‫ على‬of s.th.) │ ‫سرعة التصديق‬
sur‘at at-t. credulity; ‫سريع التصديق‬
credulous ‫ مصادقة‬muṣādaqa consent,
assent, agreement (‫ على‬to), concurrence (
‫ على‬in); approval, sanctioning,
certification, confirmation, attestation,
ratification (‫ على‬of s.th.); legalization,
authentication (‫ على‬of a document)
‫ تصادق‬taṣāduq legalization,
authentication (‫ على‬of a document)
‫ صادق‬ṣādiq true, truthful, veracious,
sincere, candid; reliable; accurate, true,
genuine, faithful, authentic
‫ مصدقة‬muṣaddiqa certificate,
certification, attestation
‫ مصدق‬muṣaddaq credible, believable,
reliable, trustworthy │ ‫غير مصدق‬
incredible; ‫( مصدق عليه رسميا‬rasmīyan)
legalized, officially certified 509
‫ صيدلي‬look up alphabetically
‫ صدم‬ṣadama i (ṣadm) to bump, strike, knock,
dash, bounce, bang, run (‫ ه‬،‫ ھـ‬against), hit
(a upon); to run (‫ ه‬into s.o., e.g., an
automobile, etc.); to collide, clash (‫ب‬
with, e.g., train with car) ill to bump,
strike, knock, dash, bounce, bang, run (،‫ھـ‬
‫ ه‬againat s.o. or s.th.); to resist, oppose (،‫ھـ‬
‫ ه‬s.o., s.th.), battle (‫ ه‬،‫ ھـ‬against); to
encounter (hostilely), clash; pass. ‫صودم‬
ṣūdima to be severely afflicted (‫ ب‬by) VI
to collide (e.g., trains), encounter
(armies); to clash, conflict (e.g., different
opinions) VIII to collide, clash (‫ ب‬or ‫مع‬
with); to bump, strike, run (‫ ب‬against), hit
(‫ ب‬s.th., e.g., a mine); to take offense (‫ب‬
at, e.g., at mistakes), take exception (‫ب‬
to); to fail (‫ ب‬due to), be thwarted (‫ ب‬by);
= VI
‫ صدمة‬ṣadma pl. ṣadamāt push, thrust,
jolt, shook, blow, stroke; upset,
commotion, (psychic) shock; obstacle,
difficulty
‫ صدام‬ṣidām collision, clash; breakdown,
collapse │ ‫( صدام وجداني‬wijdānī) mental
breakdown
‫ مصادمة‬muṣādama, pl. -āt collision,
clash, impact
‫ تصادم‬taṣādum collision, clash; bounce,
impact (‫ ب‬on); upset, commotion,
(psychic) shock │ ‫ طاسة التصادم‬buffer
(railroad)
‫ اصطدام‬iṣṭidām collision, clash; bounce,
impact (‫ ب‬on); upset, commotion,
(psychic) shock
‫ صدى‬ṣadiya II (ṣadan) to be very thirsty IV to
echo, resound, reverberate V to occupy
o.s. (‫ ل‬or ‫ الى‬with); to turn, apply o.s. (‫ ل‬or
‫ الى‬to s.th.); to undertake (‫ ل‬or ‫ الى‬s.th.),
embark (‫ ل‬or ‫ الى‬upon); to oppose, resist,
counteract, antagonize (‫ ل‬s.o.), throw
obstacles in s.o.’s (‫ )ل‬way, be in s.o.’s (‫)ل‬
way
‫ صدا‬,‫ صدى‬ṣadan pl. ‫ اصداء‬aṣdā’ echo,
reverberation
‫ تصدية‬taṣdiya hand clapping
‫ صر‬ṣarra i (ṣarr, ‫ صرير‬ṣarīr) to chirp,
stridulate (cricket); to creak (door); to
squeak, screech; to grate, scratch; to
gnash, chatter (teeth); to lace, cord, tie up,
 truss up, bind (‫ ھـ‬s.th.); to shove, put (‫ھـ في‬
money into a purse); to prick up (‫ ھـ‬or ‫ب‬
one’s ears) IV to persist (‫ على‬in), insist (
‫ على‬on); to make up one’s mind, resolve,
determine, decide (‫ على‬to do s.th.); to
prick up (‫ ھـ‬or ‫ ب‬one’s ears)
‫ صرة‬ṣurra pl. ‫ صرر‬ṣurar (money) bag,
purse; bundle, packet, parcel │ ‫ الصرة‬or
‫ صرة الحرمين‬ṣ. al-ḥaramain the ṣurra for
Mecca and Medina, the traditional funds
sent by the different Islamic countries
(nowadays, e.g., by Egypt and Tunisia)
with the hadj caravan to be distributed
among the poor of Mecca and Medina;
‫ امين الصرة‬the Trustee of the ṣurra (who is
responsible for its delivery); ‫صرة النقود‬
cash remittance
‫ صرير‬ṣarīr chirping, stridulation (of
crickets); squeaking, screeching
‫ صرار‬ṣarrār or ‫ صرار الليل‬ṣ. al-lail
cricket (zool.)
‫ صريرة‬ṣarīra coins wrapped in a purse
‫ اصرار‬iṣrār penitence, perseverance (
‫ على‬in), insistences (‫ على‬on) │ ‫سبق اإلصرار‬
sabq al-i. premeditation, willfulness (jur.)
‫ مصر‬muṣirr persistent, insistent;
determined, resolute
‫ الصرب‬aṣ-ṣirb Serbia; the Serbs
‫ صربي‬ṣirbī Serbian
‫ صرح‬ṣaruḥa u (‫ صراحة‬ṣarāḥa, ‫صروحة‬
ṣurūḥa) to be or become pure,
unadulterated, uncontaminated, clear; --
ṣaraḥa a (ṣarḥ) to make clear, clarify,
explicate, 510 explain (‫ ھـ‬s.th.) II to
explain, explicate, clarify, make clear (‫ھـ‬
s.th.); to declare, state, announce (‫ ب‬s.th.),
make a statement (‫ ب‬about); to speak out
frankly, openly, be clear, be explicit (,‫ب‬
‫ عن‬about), let (‫ عن‬،‫ ب‬s.th.) be known; to
allow, permit, grant (‫ ب ل‬to s.o. s.th.); to
license (‫ ب‬s.th.), give a permit, grant a
license (‫ ب‬for) III to speak frankly,
openly; to speak out frankly or openly, be
clear, be explicit (‫ ب‬about), avow (‫ب‬
s.th.), let (‫ ب‬s.th.) be known; to declare (‫ه‬
‫ ان‬to s.o. that) IV to make clear, clarify,
explicate, explain (‫ ھـ‬s.th.) VI to become
clear, evident, manifest, come to light VII
to become evident, manifest, clear
‫ صرح‬ṣarḥ pl. ṣurūḥ castle, palace, lofty
edifice, imposing structure
‫ صراح‬ṣurāḥ pure, unadulterated,
uncontaminated, clear; distinct, plain,
obvious, evident, patent, manifest,
unambiguous, unequivocal
‫ صريح‬ṣarīḥ pl. ‫ صرحاء‬ṣuraḥā’2, ‫صرائح‬
ṣarā’iḥ2 pure, unadulterated,
uncontaminated; clear; distinct, plain,
obvious, evident, patent, manifest,
unambiguous, unequivocal; open, frank,
sincere, candid; free, openhearted
‫ صراحة‬ṣarāḥa clearness clarity,
distinctness, plainness; unambiguousness;
openness, frankness, candor, sincerity,
openheartedness; ṣarāḥatan clearly,
plainly, distinctly, patently,
unequivocally, unambiguously; openly,
frankly, bluntly, straightforward, honestly,
openheartedly
‫ اصرح‬aṣraḥ2 purer, clearer; sincerer
‫ تصريح‬taṣrīḥ pl. -āt, ‫ تصاريح‬taṣārīḥ2
(public) statement, declaration;
permission, (official) permit, license
‫ صرخ‬ṣaraka u (‫ صراخ‬ṣurāk, ‫ صريخ‬ṣarīk) to
cry, yell, scream, shriek, shout; to cry for
help; to call (‫ ب‬s.o.); to call out, shout (‫على‬
to s.o.); to yell, bellow, roar (‫ في‬or ‫في وجھه‬
at s.o.) │ ‫( صرخ صرخة‬ṣarkatan) to cry out,
let out a cry X to cry for help; to call (‫ ه‬to
s.o.) for help
‫ صرخة‬ṣarka pl. -āt cry, outcry, yell,
scream; call for help
‫ صراخ‬ṣurāk crying, yelling; clamor,
screaming, screams
‫ صريخ‬ṣarīk crying, yelling; clamor,
screaming, screams
‫ صراخ‬ṣarrāk crier, screamer, bawler;
peacock
‫ صاروخ‬ṣārūk pl. ‫ صواريخ‬ṣawārīk2
rocket; siren (magr.) │ O ‫صاروخ عابر‬
‫ القارات‬intercontinental ballistic missile
ICBM
‫ قنبلة صاروخية‬qunbula ṣārūkīya rocket
bomb, guided missile
‫ صارخ‬ṣārik gaudy, flashy (color);
glaring (color, light); crude, gross, coarse;
noisy, loud; crier, caller
‫ صرد‬ṣard severe cold (spell)
‫ صراد‬ṣarrāad drifting clouds, cirrus
‫ صريد‬ṣurraid drifting clouds, cirrus
‫ صرصر‬ṣarṣara to let out a piercing cry,
‫ صرف‬ṣarafa i (ṣarf) to turn; to turn away,
scream shrilly
‫ ريح صرصر‬rīḥ ṣarṣar violent, cold
wind, icy gale
‫ صرصر‬ṣurṣur pl. ‫ صراصير‬ṣarāṣīr2 a
variety of cockroach (Blatta aegyptiaca;
zool.); cricket (zool.)
‫ صرصور‬ṣurṣūr pl. ‫ صراصير‬ṣarāṣīr2
cricket (zool.); cockroach (syr.)
‫ صرصار‬ṣarṣār cricket (zool.)
‫ صراط‬ṣirāṯ way, path, road
‫ صرع‬ṣara‘a a (ṣar‘, ṣir‘, ‫ مصرع‬maṣra‘) to
throw down, fell, bring to the ground (‫ه‬
s.o.); -- pass. ṣuri‘a to be epileptic, have
an epileptic fit; to be or go mad 511 III to
wrestle (also as a sport), fight (‫ ه‬with s.o.)
VI to wrestle with one another VII to be
or go mad VIII = VI
‫ صرع‬ṣar‘ epilepsy
‫ صرع‬ṣur‘ rein
‫ صريع‬ṣarī‘ pl. ‫ صرعى‬ṣar‘ā thrown to
the ground, felled; epileptic; demented,
insane, mad, crazy; (with foll. genit.)
succumbing to s.th., fallen victim to s.th.,
│ ‫ سقط صريعا‬to be killed (in battle); ‫صريع‬
‫ الشراب‬ṣ. aš-šarāb addicted to the bottle;
‫ صريع الكرى‬ṣ. al-karā overcome by sleep
‫ مصرع‬maṣra‘ pl. ‫ مصارع‬maṣāri‘2 battle-
ground; ruin, destruction, perdition, death;
fatal accident; vital part of the body (the
injury of which can cause death)
‫ مصراع‬miṣrā‘ pl. ‫ مصاريع‬maṣārī‘2 leaf
of a door; hemistich │ ‫ صفائح المصراع‬door
panel; ‫( الباب مفتوح على مصراعيه‬miṣrā‘aihi)
the door is wide open
‫ صراع‬ṣirā‘ wrestling, wrestling match;
fight, struggle
‫ مصارعة‬muṣāra‘a wrestling, wrestling
match; fight, struggle
‫ اصطراع‬iṣṭirā‘ fight, struggle, conflict,
controversy
‫ مصروع‬maṣrū‘ thrown to the ground,
felled; epileptic; demented, insane, mad,
crazy
‫ مصارع‬muṣāri‘ wrestler; fighter
avert (‫ ه‬،‫ عن ھـ‬s.o., s.th. from); to dissuade,
alienate, keep away (‫ عن ه‬s.o. from); to
divert, distract (‫ عن ه‬s.o. from); to turn,
direct (‫ الى ه‬s.th., e.g., one’s eyes, one’s
attention, to s.th.); to grant leave, dismiss,
send away (‫ ه‬s.o.); to give s.o. (‫ )ه‬the
brush-olf; to spend, expend (‫ على ه‬money
for); to defray the cost (‫ على‬of s.th.), pay (
‫ على‬for s.th.); to pay out, disburse (‫ل ھـ‬
money to); to issue, give out (‫ ھـ‬s.th., e.g.,
tickets), make out (‫ ھـ‬s.th., e.g., a permit);
to spend, devote (‫ ل‬or ‫ الى‬or ‫ في ھـ‬time,
effort on); to pass, spend (‫ في ھـ‬time at
s.th., doing s.th.); to change money (‫ ;)ھـ‬to
inflect (‫ ھـ‬a word) │ ‫( صرف النظر عن‬naẓar)
to avert one’s glance from, disregard s.th.,
pay no attention to s.th., leave s.th. out of
consideration; -- i (‫ صريف‬ṣarīf) to creak,
grate II to cause to flow off, draw off (‫ھـ‬
water); to drain (‫ ھـ‬land); to dispatch,
expedite, wind up, liquidate (‫ ھـ‬business);
to change money (‫ ;)ھـ‬to market, retail,
distribute, sell (‫ ھـ‬merchandise), dispose (
‫ ھـ‬of merchandise); to circulate (‫ ھـ‬s.th.);
to give a free hand (‫ ه في‬to s.o. in s.th.), let
(‫ ه‬s.o.) dispose freely (‫ في‬over, in), grant
the right of disposal (‫ في ه‬to s.o. over or in
s.th.); to inflect (‫ ھـ‬a word), conjugate (‫ ھـ‬a
verb), decline (‫ ھـ‬a noun) V to act
independently; to dispose freely, have the
right of disposal (‫ في‬over); to move freely,
act without restriction (‫ في‬in), administer
(freely) (‫ في‬s.th.); to behave, act, conduct
o.s., comport o.s. ; to exercise sacerdotal
functions (Copt.-Chr.); to be inflected
(gram.); to be derived │ ‫تصرف تصرفا كيفيا‬
‫( في‬taṣarrufan kaifīyan) to proceed
arbitrarily in or at VII to turn away; to go
away, depart (‫ عن‬from), leave (‫ عن‬s.th.); to
give up, abandon, relinquish, quit (‫ عن‬s.o.,
s.th.); to flow off, drain; to pass on,
change over, turn one’s attention (‫ الى‬to
s.th.); to proceed (‫ الى‬to some activity or to
do s.th.); to apply o.s., devote o.s. (‫ الى‬to
s.th.); to be spent, be expended (money);
to be issued, be made out (e.g.. ticket); to
be fully, i.e., triptotically, inflected │
‫ انصرف الى نفسه‬to withdraw by o.s., isolate
o.s.; ‫ انصرف يفعل‬to set about to do s.th.,
proceed to do s.th. 512
‫ صرف‬ṣarf averting, turning away;
expenditure, expense; spending, use,
application (e.g., of time, of effort, etc.);
issuance, issue, making out; disbursement;
money changing; barter (Isl. Law);
drainage; inflection (gram.); (pl. ‫صروف‬
ṣurūf) adversities, misfortunes (also
‫ صروف الدھر‬ṣurūf ad-dahr) │ ‫محطة الصرف‬
maḥaṭṭat aṣ-ṣ. (el.) power station;
drainage station, pumping
station; ‫ سعر الصرف‬ṣi'r aṣ-ṣ. exchange
rate; ‫‘ علم الصرف‬ilm aṣ-ṣ. morphology
(gram.); ‫ ممنوع من الصرف‬indeclinable
(gram.); ‫( بصرف النظر عن‬bi-ṣ. in-naẓar)
regardless of, irrespective of,
notwithstanding, to say nothing of
‫ صرف‬ṣirf pure, unadulterated,
unmixed; mere, sheer, absolute
‫ صرفيات‬ṣarfīyāt payments,
disbursements
‫ صريف‬ṣarīf squeak(ing), creak(ing),
squeal(ing)
‫ صراف‬ṣarrāf money changer; cashier,
teller, treasurer; paymaster; banker
‫ صرافة‬ṣarrafa (woman) cashier │ ‫صرافة‬
‫( التذاكير‬woman) ticket agent
‫ صيرف‬ṣairaf pl. ‫ صيارف‬ṣayārif2 money
changer; cashier, teller, treasurer
‫ صيرفي‬ṣairafī pl. ‫ صيارفة‬ṣayārifa money
changer; cashier, teller, treasurer
‫ صريفة‬ṣarīfa pl. ‫ صرائف‬ṣarā’if2 reedmat
hut
‫ مصرف‬maṣrif pl. ‫ مصارف‬maṣārif 2 triptotical (gram.); ‫ المنصرف‬the money
drainage canal, drainage ditch, drain;
bank; pay office, teller’s window (at a
bank)
‫ تصريف‬taṣrīf drawing off (of water),
drainage; sale, retail, disposal,
distribution; change, alteration; inflection,
declension, conjugation │ ‫ تصاريف الدھر‬t.
ad-dahr the vicissitudes of fate; ‫تصريف‬
‫ الشئون‬settlement, windup, or management,
of affairs
‫ تصرف‬taṣarruf pl. -āt free disposal (‫في‬
over), right of disposal; usufruct;
administration; action, way of acting,
demeanor, behavior, conduct; outflow,
efflux, effluence, output (in terms of the
capacity of a pump), discharge,
throughput, quantity of water flowing
through; pl. ‫ تصرفات‬measures,
dispositions, regulations │ ‫تصرف منجز‬
(munjaz) regulation effective immediately
(Isl. Law); ‫ حسن التصرف‬ḥusn at-t.
discretion; ‫ مطلق التصرف‬muṭlaq at-t.
having unrestricted right of disposal,
invested with full power; ‫ بتصرف‬freely;
‫ تحت تصرفه‬at s.o.’s disposal; ‫وضع شيئا تحت‬
‫ تصرفه‬to put s.th. at s.o.’s disposition;
‫ تصرفات الزمن‬t. az-zaman the vicissitudes
of time
‫ انصراف‬inṣirāf going away, leave,
departure; avertedness, aversion (‫ عن‬to);
abstention (‫ عن‬from). renunciation (‫ عن‬of)
‫ مصروف‬devoted, dedicated (‫ الى‬to s.th.);
money spent, expenditure; pl. -āt, ‫مصاريف‬
maṣārīf2 expenses, expenditures, costs │
‫ مصروف البريد‬and ‫ مصاراف البريد‬postage;
‫ مصروف الجيب‬m. al-jaib pocket money;
‫ خالص المصاريف‬postage free, franked; ‫وفى‬
‫( المصاريف‬wafā) to cover the cocte, defray
the expense; ‫( مصروف من الخدمة‬kidma)
dismissed, discharged
‫ متصرف‬mutaṣarrif approx.: provincial
governor (Ir.; administering anyone of the
14 liwā’, q.v.); former title of a Turkish
administrative officer in Arab countries
‫ متصرف‬mutaṣarrifa jurisdiction of a
mutaṣarrif (q.v.), approx.: province;
dignity, government, authority, etc., of a
mutaṣarrif
‫ منصرف‬munṣarif fully inflected, i.e.,
spent, expenditures
‫ منصرف‬munṣarif departure, leave,
going away │ ‫( ال منصرف عنه‬munṣarafa)
513 indispensable, inevitable; ‫منصرفھم‬
munṣarafahum at their departure, when
they left; ‫( في صرف النھار‬m. in-nahār) at
the parting of day, at day’s end
1
‫صرم‬ṣaruma u (‫ صرم‬ṣarāma) to be sharp; to
be stern, hard, harsh, severe; -- ṣrama i
(ṣarm, ṣurm) to cut, cut off, sever (‫ھـ‬
s.th.); to leave, forsake (‫ ه‬s.o.), separate (‫ه‬
from s.o.), part (‫ ه‬with s.o.) II to cut, cut
 off, cut through, sever, separate (‫ ھـ‬s.th.) V
to decrease, wane, dwindle; to elapse, go
by, pass; to be past, be bygone, be over
(time) VII to elapse, go by, pass; to be
past. be bygone, be over (time)
‫ صعتر‬ṣa‘tar wild thyme (Thymus serpyllum;
‫ صرم‬ṣarm severance, separation
‫ صرمة‬ṣirma pl. ‫ صرم‬ṣiram herd of
camels
‫ صرامة‬ṣarāma sharpness, keenness;
harshness, sternness, severity, rigor,
unfriendliness
‫ صريمة‬ṣarīma horse bridle
‫ مصارمة‬muṣārama estrangement, break,
antagonism, hostility
‫ صارم‬ṣārim sharp, harsh, hard, severe,
stem
‫ منصرم‬munṣarim elapsed, past, bygone
(period of time)
2
‫ صرم‬ṣurm = ‫سرم‬
3
‫ صرم‬ṣarma pl. ‫ صرم‬ṣuram (eg.) shoe
‫ صرمايا‬ṣurmāyā pl. -āt, ‫ صرامى‬ṣarāmī
(syr.) shoe made of red or yellow leather;
shoes
‫ مصارين‬see ‫مصر‬
‫ صار‬ṣārin and ‫ صارية‬ṣāriya pl. ‫ صوار‬ṣawārin
mast, pole │ ‫ صارى العلم‬ṣ. l-‘alam flagpole
‫ مصطبة‬maṣṭaba, miṣṭaba pl. ‫ مصاطب‬maṣāṭib2
outdoor stone bench (built into the side of
a house), maṣṭaba
‫ مصطول‬maṣṭūl fool
‫ صعب‬ṣa‘uba u (‫ صعوبة‬ṣu‘ūba) to be hard,
difficult (‫ على‬for); to be embarrassing,
shocking, unpleasant (‫ على‬for, to) II to
make hard, make difficult (‫ على‬for s.o.
s.th.); to present as difficult (‫ على‬to s.o.
s.th.) V to become difficult; to make (‫ھـ‬
s.th.) hard or difficult VI to be difficult (of
a person); to be hard to please X to find or
consider difficult (‫ ھـ‬s.th.)
‫ صعب‬ṣa‘b pl. ‫ صعاب‬ṣi‘āb hard, difficult;
pl. difficulties │ ‫ صعب االحتمال‬hard to bear,
oppressive; ‫ صعب االرضاء‬ṣ. al-irḍā’ hard to
please, fastidious; ‫ صعب المراس‬obstinate,
stubborn, self-opinionated, recalcitrant,
headstrong; ‫‘( عملة صعبة‬umla) hard
currency
‫ صعوبة‬ṣu‘ūba difficulty │ ‫صعوبة المراس‬
obstinacy, stubbornness, recalcitrance,
refractoriness
‫ مصاعب‬maṣā‘ib2 difficulties
bot.)
‫ صعد‬ṣa‘ida a (‫ صعود‬ṣu‘ūd) to rise, go up; to
lift, climb, ascend, slope upward; to
mount, scale, ascend, climb (‫ ھـ‬s.th.),
climb up (‫ ھـ‬on s.th.); to take off
(airplane); ‫ صعد به الى‬to make s.o. ascend,
lead s.o. up to … II to ascend, mount; to
go upstream; to travel to Upper Egypt; to
send up (‫ ه‬s.o.); to cause (‫ ھـ‬s.th.) to rise or
ascend; to heave
(from one’s breast), utter (‫ ھـ‬sigh,
wails, and the like); to cause (s.th.) to
evaporate, vaporize, volatilize (‫ ھـ‬s.th.); to
sublimate (‫ ھـ‬s.th.; chem.) │ ‫صعد الزفرات‬
(zafarāt) to heave deep sighs IV to make (
‫ ه‬s.o.) ascend or advance; to ascend (‫ الى‬to
elevated terrain); to go upstream; to travel
up, travel V to evaporate, vaporize VI to
rise, lift, ascend 514
‫ صعود‬ṣu‘ūd height, altitude
‫ صعدة‬ṣa‘da pl. ṣa‘adāt rise, incline;
slope, declivity
‫ صعود‬ṣu‘ūd rising, lifting, ascending;
take-off (of an airplane); ascent; boom;
advance (‫ الى‬toward) │ ‫ صعود الرب‬ṣ. ar-
rabb and ‫‘ عيد الصعود‬īd aṣ-ṣ. Ascension
Day (Chr.)
‫ صعود‬ṣa‘ūd steep hill
‫ صعيد‬ṣa‘īd pl. ‫ صعود‬ṣu‘ūd highland,
upland, plateau; ‫ الصعيد‬and ‫ صعيد مصر‬ṣ.
miṣr Upper Egypt │ ‫ في صعيد واحد‬on a
common basis, on common ground, on
equal footing, without distinction,
indiscriminately; ‫ على صعيد واحد‬congenial,
like-minded, kindred in spirit, agreed
‫ صعيدي‬ṣa‘īdī pl. ‫ صعايدة‬ṣa‘āyida Upper
Egyptian
‫ صعداء‬ṣu‘adā’2 (deep) sigh │ ‫تنفس‬
‫ الصعداء‬tanaffasa ṣ-ṣu‘adā’ to sigh
(deeply), heave a (deep) sigh
‫ مصعد‬maṣ‘ad pl. ‫ مصاعد‬maṣā‘id2 point
of ascent
 ‫ مصعد‬miṣ‘ad pl. ‫ مصاعد‬maṣā‘id2
elevator, lift; O anode
‫ مصعدة‬miṣ‘ada elevator, lift
‫ صاعد‬ṣā‘id pl. ‫ صواعد‬ṣawā‘id 2 rising,
ascending (also, e.g., of vapors) │ ‫فصاعدا‬
fa-ṣā‘idan and beyond that, and more; ‫من‬
‫ فصاعدا‬-- from -- on, from --upward; ‫من اآلن‬
‫( فصاعدا‬min al-āna) from now on,
henceforth
‫ متصاعد‬mutaṣā‘id rising, ascending
(also, e.g., of vapors)
‫ صعر‬ṣa‘ra a (ṣa‘ar) to be awry (face; with
pride) II ‫( صعر خده‬kaddahū) to put on a
contemptuous mien
‫ صعق‬ṣa‘aqa a (‫ صاعقة‬ṣā‘iqa) to strike s.o. (‫)ه‬
down with lightning, destroy, hit, slay (‫ه‬
s.o.; of lightning); to stun, stupefy, make
unconscious (‫ ه‬s.o.); -- ṣa‘iqa a and pass.
ṣi‘iqa (ṣa‘aq, ‫ صعقة‬ṣa‘qa) to be
thunderstruck; to lose consciousness │
‫( صعق في مكانه‬makānihī) to stop dead in
one's tracks, stand as if thunderstruck IV
to strike down, slay, destroy (‫ ه‬s.o.; of
lightning); to stun, stupefy, make
unconscious (‫ ه‬s.o.) VII to be struck by
lightning
‫ صعق‬ṣa‘aq thunder, peal of thunder
‫ صعق‬ṣa‘iq thunderstruck, dumfounded
‫ صاعقة‬ṣā‘iqa pl. ‫ صواعق‬ṣawā‘iq 2 bolt of
lightning, thunderbolt
‫ مصعوق‬maṣ‘ūq struck by lightning;
thunderstruck, stupefied, dumfounded;
crushed, destroyed
‫ صعلكة‬ṣa‘laka loitering, loafing
‫ صعلوك‬ṣu‘lūk pl. ‫ صعاليك‬ṣa‘ālīk2 utterly
destitute; have-not, pauper, poor wretch;
beggar; tramp, vagabond, loafer
‫ صغر‬ṣagura u (ṣigar, ‫ صغارة‬ṣagāra)
and ṣagira a (ṣagar) to be or become
small, little, scanty; to diminish, decrease,
wane, dwindle; to be young; to be lowly,
submissive, servile, humble; -- ṣagara u
(ṣagr) to be younger (‫ ب ه‬than
s.o. by) │ ‫( ما صغرني اال بسنة‬bi-sanatin)
he was only one year younger than I
II to make small(er) or little(r), lessen,
minimize, reduce, diminish, decrease (‫ھـ‬
s.th.); to belittle, deride, ridicule, debase,
bemean (‫ ه‬،‫ ھـ‬s.o., s.th.); to form a
diminutive (‫ ھـ‬of a noun) VI to prove o.s.
contemptible, be servile, fawn, cringe,
grovel X to deem (‫ ه‬،‫ ھـ‬s.o., s.th.) small,
little or paltry; to make light (‫ ه‬،‫ ھـ‬of s.o.,
of s.th.), undervalue (‫ ه‬،‫ ھـ‬s.o., s.th.); to
think little (‫ ه‬،‫ ھـ‬of s.o., of s.th.) │ ‫استصغر‬
‫( نفسه‬nafsahū) to feel inferior
‫ صغر‬ṣigar smallness, littleness,
scantiness, paltriness, paucity,
insignificance; youthfulness, juvenility
(also ‫ صغر السن‬ṣ. as-sinn) 515 ‫ صغرة‬ṣigra:
‫( ھو صغرة ابويه‬ṣ. abawaihi) he is the
youngest of his parents’ children
‫ صغير‬ṣagīr pl. ‫ صغار‬ṣigār, ‫صغراء‬
ṣugarā’2 small, little; paltry, scanty,
insignificant; tiny, minute; young,
juvenile, minor; a minor, one under age │
‫ صغير السن‬ṣ. s-sinn young; ‫ صغير النفس‬ṣ. an-
nafs mean-spirited, base, servile,
Toadying, cringing, groveling ‫صغار‬
‫ الموظفين‬ṣ. al-muwaẓẓafīn small officials,
subaltern officials; ‫‘( العيد الصغير‬īd) Little
Bairam, i.e., the feast of fast breaking on
the 1st of Shawwal; ‫ كل صغيرة وكبيرة‬kullu ṣ.
wa-kabīra every detail
‫ صغير‬ṣagīra pl. ‫ صغائر‬ṣagā’ir2 venial
sin (Isl. Law); minor mistake; pl.
trivialities, trifles
‫ صغارة‬ṣagāra littleness, paltriness,
scantiness, paucity; lowliness, servility,
humility, humbleness
‫ اصغر‬aṣgar f. ‫ صغرى‬ṣugrā pl. m. ‫اصاغر‬
aṣāgir2 smaller, littler; younger │ ‫اصغر‬
‫ الشرين‬a. aš-šarrain the lesser of two evils,
‫ آسيا الصغرى‬Asia Minor; ‫الدول الصغرى‬
(duwal) the small countries; ‫سوريا الصغرى‬
(sūriyā) Palestine; ‫ النھاية الصغرى‬the
minimum
‫ تصغير‬taṣgīr diminution, lessening,
decrease, reduction │ ‫ اسم التصغير‬ism at-t.
diminutive (gram.)
‫ اصغار‬iṣgār disdain, contempt,
disregard
‫ تصاغر‬taṣāgur servility, toadying,
cringing, groveling
 ‫ صاغر‬ṣāgir low, lowly, despised,
contemptible, humiliated, meek, dejected;
submissive, servile; subject (‫ ل‬to s.o.)
‫ مصغر‬muṣaggar reduced, decreased,
diminished │ ‫( في صورة صغيرة‬ṣūra) on a
reduced or small scale, in miniature; ‫فلم‬
‫( مصغر‬film) microfilm
‫ )صغو‬and ‫ صغا )صغي‬ṣagā u (‫ صغو‬ṣagw, sugūw)
to incline, bend, lean (‫ الى‬to, toward); --
‫ صغي‬ṣagiya a (ṣagan, ṣugīy) to incline,
bend, lean (‫ الى‬to, toward); to listen (‫ ل‬to)
IV to listen, pay attention, lend one’s ear (
‫ ل‬or ‫ الى‬to s.th., to s.o.). heed (‫ ل‬or ‫ الى‬s.th.)
‫ صغو‬ṣagw and ‫ صغا‬ṣagan inclination,
disposition, tendency, affection,
attachment, good will
‫ اصغاء‬isgā’ attention, attentiveness
‫ صاغ‬ṣāgin inclined, disposed, attentive;
listener, hearer
‫ مصغ‬attentive; listener, hearer
1
‫ صفة‬see ‫وصف‬
2
‫ صف‬ṣaffa u (ṣaff) to set up in a row or
line, line up, align, array, arrange, order (
‫ ھـ‬s.th.); to eat, compose (‫ ھـ‬type, typ.); to
range, class, classify (‫ مع ه‬s.o. among); to
cut (‫ ھـ‬s.th.) in strips II to set up in a row
or line, line up, align, array, arrange, order
(‫ ھـ‬s.th.); to comb (‫ ھـ‬the hair) straight VI
to line up, take position in a row or line,
stand in a row or line, be lined up, be
aligned, be strung in a line VIII - VI; to
fall in, stand in formation (of a military
detachment) │ ‫ اصطف الى جانب الطريق‬to
line the rood, form a lane (e.g., troops,
police, etc.)
‫ صف‬ṣaff aligning or arranging in a line
or row; -- (pl. ‫ صفوف‬ṣufūf) row, line, file,
rank, queue; row, or tier, of seats; grade,
form (in school), class course, section,
division, group │ ‫ صف الدم‬ṣ. ad-dam,
blood group; ‫ آلة صف الحروف‬typesetting
machine, ‫( ضابط الصف‬also ‫ صف ضابط‬pl.
‫ )صف ضباط‬non-commissioned officer; ‫انتظم‬
‫ صفوفا‬intaẓama ṣufūfan to line up in rows
or files
‫ صفة‬ṣuffa pl. ‫ صفف‬ṣufaf (stone)
molding; ledge 516
‫ صفاف‬ṣaffāf and ‫ صفاف الحروف‬type-
setter, compositor
‫ مصف‬maṣaff pl. ‫ مصاف‬maṣaff2 position
(of an army); battle line; row, line, file;
composing stick (typ.) │ ‫رفعه الى مصاف‬
(with foll. genit.) to class s.o. with, put
s.o. on the same level with
‫ صفح‬ṣafaḥa a (ṣafḥ) to broaden, widen, flatten,
beat into a leaf, foliate, plate (‫ ھـ‬s.th.); to
pardon, forgive (‫ عن‬s.o., s.th.) II to
broaden, widen, flatten,
beat into a leaf, foliate (‫ ھـ‬s.th.); to roll
out (‫ ھـ‬s.th.); to plate, overlay, or cover,
with metal plates (‫ ھـ‬s.th.); to armor (‫ھـ‬
s.th.); to equip, furnish, cover (‫ ھـ ب‬s.th.
with) ill to shake hands (‫ ه‬with s.o.); to
greet (.s.o.); to touch (‫ ھـ‬s.th.) lightly or
gently, graze (‫ ھـ‬s.th.), brush, glide (‫ھـ‬
over s.th.), pass, blow (‫ ھـ‬over s.th., of the
wind, breath, etc.) │ ‫( صافح سمعه‬sam‘ahū)
to reach s.o.’s ear V to leaf, thumb (‫ ھـ‬a
book, etc.); to examine, scrutinize, regard,
study (‫ ھـ‬s.th.) VI to shake hands X to ask
s.o.’s (‫ )ه‬forgiveness (‫ ھـ‬for), apologize (‫ھـ‬
‫ ه‬to s.o. for)
‫ صفح‬ṣafḥ pardon, forgiveness; (pl. ‫صفاح‬
ṣifāḥ) side, surface │ ‫ضرب )اضرب( عنه‬
‫ صفحا‬to turn away from s.o. or s.th., pass
over s.o. or s.th., ignore, snub, slight,
disregard s.o. or s.th., desist from s.th.
‫ صفحة‬ṣafḥa pl. ṣafaḥāt outside, exterior;
plane, surface; page; leaf, sheet; phase
‫ صفيح‬ṣafīḥ broad side or surface; sheet
iron; tin, tinplate; tin plates, tin sheets
‫ صفيحة‬ṣafīḥa pl. ‫ صفائح‬ṣafā’iḥ2 plate,
sheet (of metal), leaf (of wood), slab, flag
(of stone), ledger stone (on a tomb); tin
plate, tin sheet; can, jerry can │ ‫صفائح‬
‫ المصراع‬ṣ. al-miṣrā‘ door panel; O ‫صفائح‬
‫ المقول‬ṣ. al-miqwal phonograph records,
gramophone discs
‫ صفوح‬ṣafūhḥ forgiving, reedy to forgive
‫ صفاح‬ṣuffāḥ pl. -āt, ‫ صفافيح‬ṣafāfīḥ plate,
sheet, leaf; flagstone, stone slab
‫ تصفيح‬taṣfīḥ plating
‫ تصفح‬taṣaffuḥ examination,
scrutinization, scrutiny, study
‫ مصفح‬muṣaffaḥ, shaped into plates or
thin layers, plated, foliated; armored,
armor clad, ironclad, metal-covered│ ‫خشب‬
 ‫( مصفح‬kašab) plywood; ‫سيارة مصفحة‬
(sayyāra) armored car
‫ مصفحة‬muṣaffaḥa pl. -āt armored car,
armored reconnaissance car (mil.)
3
‫ صفد‬ṣafda i (ṣafd) to bind, fetter, shackle (‫ه‬
s.o.) II and IV = I
‫ صفد‬ṣafad pl. ‫ اصفاد‬aṣfād bond, tie,
fetter
‫ صفاد‬ṣifād bond, tie, fetter │ ‫صفاد اليدين‬
ṣ. al-yadain manacle, handcuff
1
‫ صفر‬ṣafara i (‫ صفير‬ṣafīr) to whistle (bird,
person); to hiss (snake); to chirp,
stridulate (cricket); to seream (siren) II = I
‫ صفير‬ṣafīr whistling, whistle, etc. (see
above); high, thin tone (e.g., of a flute) │
‫ حروف الصفير‬sibilants; -- see also below
and alphabetically
‫ صفارة‬ṣaffāra pl. -āt whistle; siren │
‫ صفارة األمان‬ṣ. al-amān all-clear siren; ‫صفارة‬
4
‫ اإلنذار‬ṣ. al-indār warning siren
2 second month of the Mohammedan year
‫ صفر‬II to dye yellow, make yellow, to yellow
1
(‫ ھـ‬s.th.) IX to turn yellow, to
yellow; to pale, become pale │ ‫اصفر‬
2
‫( وجھه‬wajhuhū) he grew pale, he turned
white
‫ صفر‬ṣufr brass; money
‫ صفر‬ṣafar jaundice
‫ صفع‬ṣafa‘a a (ṣaf‘) to cuff, buffet, slap lightly
‫ صفرة‬ṣufra yellow color, yellowness,
yellow; pallor, paleness (of the face) 517
‫ صفار‬ṣafar yellow color, s.th. yellow;
pallor, paleness │‫ صفار البيضة‬ṣ. al-baiḍa
egg yolk
‫ صفار‬ṣaffār pl. ‫ ة‬brass founder
‫ اصفر‬aṣfar2, f. ‫ صفراء‬ṣafrā’2, pl. ‫صفر‬
ṣufr yellow; pale, pallid, wan │ ‫ضحكة‬
‫( صفراء‬ḍaḥka) forced, or embarrassed,
laugh; ‫( نحاس صفر‬nuḥās) brass
‫ صفراء‬ṣafrā’ bile, gall
‫( صفير‬eg.) golden oriole (zool.)
‫ صفارية‬ṣufārīya golden oriole (zool.)
‫ صفراوي‬ṣafrāwī bilious; choleric │
‫( الحمى الصفراوية‬ḥummā) yellow fever;
‫( ضحكة صفراوية‬ḍaḥka) bitter, or sardonic,
laugh (= Fr. rire jaune)
‫ اصفرار‬iṣfirār yellowing, yellow; pallor,
paleness (of the face)
‫ مصفر‬muṣfarr yellow-colored; pale,
pallid, wan
‫ صفر‬ṣafira a (ṣafar, ‫ صفور‬ṣufūr) to be empty,
be devoid, vacant (‫ من‬of) │ ‫صفرت يده من‬
‫( الشيء‬ṣafirat yaduhū) to have lost s.th. II
to empty, void, vacate, evacuate, free (‫ھـ‬
s.th.) IV = II
‫ صفر‬ṣafr, ṣifr, ṣufr, ṣafir, ṣufur pl. ‫اصفار‬
aṣfār empty, void, devoid, (‫ من‬of), free (‫من‬
from) │ ‫ صفر اليدين‬ṣifr al-yadain empty-
handed
‫ صفر‬ṣifr zero, naught; nothing
‫ اصفر‬aṣfar empty, void
‫ مصفر‬muṣfir empty-handed │ ‫مصفر اليد‬
m. al-yad with an empty hand; ‫مصفر اليد من‬
‫ كل شيء‬without any possessions at all,
completely destitute
‫ صفر‬ṣafar pl. ‫ اصفار‬aṣfār Safar, name of the
‫ صفصف‬ṣafṣaf (coll.; n. un. ‫ )ة‬a variety of
willow (Salix Safsaf F.; bot.)
‫ صفصف‬ṣafṣaf even, level; waste, desolate,
barren, empty │ ‫ قاع صفصف‬wasteland,
desolate area; ‫ جعله قاعا صفصفا‬to devastate
s.th., lay s.th. waste
(‫ ه‬s.o.); to slap s.o.’s (‫ )ه‬face, box s.o.’s (‫)ه‬
ears; to violate (‫ ھـ‬a rule) VI to slap one
another
‫ صفعة‬ṣaf‘a (n. vic.) slap, cuff, smack;
blow
‫ صفاع‬ṣaffā‘ pl. -ūn a kind of buffoon
‫ صفق‬ṣafaqa i (ṣafq) to slap, smack (‫ ه‬،‫ ھـ‬s.o.,
s.th.); to aet into motion (‫ ھـ‬s.th.); to flap,
clap; to shut, slam, bang (‫ ھـ‬a door); --
ṣafuqa u (‫ صفاقة‬ṣafāqa) to be thick, heavy,
close in texture (cloth) II to flap, clap,
smack; to clap one’s hands (also ‫)بيديه‬,
applaud (‫ ل‬s.o.); to flap (‫ ب‬the wings)
‫ صفقة‬ṣafqa pl. ṣafaqāt handclasp (in
concluding a deal); conclusion of a
contract (Isl. Law); deal, bargain,
transaction │ ‫ صفقة خاسرة‬poor deal, bad
bargain; ‫ صفقة رابحة‬favorable deal, good
bargain; ‫ صفقة واحدة‬ṣafqatan wāḥidatan all
 at once, wholly, entirely, altogether; ‫اعطى‬
‫( صفقة‬a‘ṭā), ‫ عقد صفقة‬to conclude a bargain,
effect a transaction; ‫عاد )رجع( بصفقة المغبون‬
to lose the game, return empty-handed;
‫ كانت له الصفقة الخاسرة‬do.
‫ صفاق‬ṣifāq pl. ‫ صفق‬ṣufuq dermis
underskin; peritoneum
‫ صفيق‬ṣafīq pl. ‫ صفاق‬ṣifāq thick, heavy,
close in texture (cloth) │ ‫ صفيق الوجه‬ṣ. al-
wajh impudent, insolent, brazen
‫ صفاقة‬ṣafāqa impudence, insolence,
brazenness
‫ تصفيق‬taṣfīq hand clapping; applause,
acclaim │ ‫ تصفيق االستحسان‬applause
‫ صفاكس‬ṣafākis2 Sfax (aeaport in Tunisia) 518
1 bosom friend
‫ صفن‬ṣafana i to stand with one foot (‫)ب‬
slightly raised; to pore, brood, ponder,
reflect, muse
‫ صفن‬ṣafan pl. ‫ اصفان‬aṣfān scrotum
2
‫ صفين‬ṣafīn (Juniperus Sabina; bot.)
‫ )صفا )صفو‬ṣafā u (ṣafw, ṣufūw, ‫ صفاء‬ṣafā’) to be
or become clear, unpolluted, limpid,
cloudless, untroubled, serene, undisturbed,
pure; ‫ صفا لـ‬to apply o.s. to s.th. with clear
intent, devote o.s. wholeheartedly to, be
completely given to, be solely
preoccupied with, be exclusively ready for
(heart, mind) II to make clear, limpid,
pure, clarify, clear, purify (‫ ھـ‬s.th.); to
settle, straighten out (‫ مسألة‬mas’alatan a
question, a problem); to remove the water,
pour off the water (‫ ھـ‬from s.th., e.g., in
cooking; also ‫ ;) صفاه من الماء‬to rid of
moisture, dry out (‫ ھـ‬s.th.); to clarify,
purify, rectify (‫ ھـ‬s.th., ‫ من‬by removing
s.th.); to filter, strain (‫ ھـ‬s.th.); to settle,
pay, liquidate (‫ ھـ‬s.th.); to realize (‫ھـ‬
assets) III to be sincere (‫ ه‬toward s.o), deal
honestly (‫ ه‬with s.o.) IV = III (‫ ه‬or ‫)ل‬: to
be no longer in a position (to ), posses no
longer, forfeit; to cease composing poetry
(poet) │ ‫ اصفاه بالشيء‬to have s.o. in mind
for s.th., choose, select, or single out s.o.
for s.th.. grant s.o. s.th. in preference to
others, bestow upon s.o. s.th. (‫دون فالن‬
which others do not have) VI to be sincere
toward one another, be honest with one
another, be of pure intent toward one
another VIII to choose, select (‫ ه‬s.o.) X =
VIII; to deem (‫ ھـ‬s.th.) clear or pure │
‫ استصفى ماله‬to realize all one’s assets; to
confiscate s.o.’s property
‫ صفو‬ṣafw clearness, clarity, limpidity,
untroubledness, cloudlessness, serenity,
purity, sheerness; happiness, felicity,
pleasure, delight; clear, limpid;
untroubled, undisturbed, serene, pure,
sheer
‫ صفوة‬ṣafwa the best, or choicest, part,
prime, cream, flower, elite, quintessence
‫ صفا‬ṣafan (coll.: n. un. ‫ صفاة‬ṣafāh pl.
‫ صفوات‬ṣafawāt) stone(s), rock(s)
‫ صفوان‬ṣafwān stones, rocks
‫ صفوة‬ṣifwa sincere friend, best friend,
‫ صفاء‬ṣafā’ clearness, clarity, limpidity,
untroubledness, cloudlessness, serenity,
purity, sheerness; happiness, felicity,
serenity, gaiety, cheerfulness; sincerity,
candor, honesty │ ‫ ساعات صفاء‬pleasant
time, delightful hours
‫ صفى‬ṣafīy clear, limpid, untroubled,
undisturbed, serene, cloudless, pure,
sheer; (pl. ‫ اصفياء‬aṣfiyā’2) sincere friend,
best friend, bosom friend
‫ صفية‬ṣafīya pl. ‫ صفايا‬ṣalafīya leader’s
share of the loot; lion’s share of the booty
‫ مصفى‬maṣfan refinery
‫ مصفى‬miṣfan sieve
‫ مصفاة‬miṣfāh pl. ‫ مصاف‬maṣāfin strainer,
colander, filter; strainer cloth; sieve;
refinery, purification plant │ ‫مصفاة القھوة‬
coffee filter, percolator
‫ تصفية‬taṣfiya pl. -āt clarification,
clearance, purification (also fig.); filtering,
filtration; elimination (also in sports);
settlement, straightening out, adjustment;
clearing (com.); liquidation (com.);
clearance sale │ ‫ تصفية الحسابات‬t. al-ḥisābāt
settlement of accounts; ‫مأمور التصفية‬
official receiver, receiver in equity
‫ مصافاة‬muṣāfāh cordiality, concord,
harmony; good will, sincere attitude or
disposition 519
‫ تصاف‬taṣāfin peaceful settlement,
compromise (‫ بين‬between)
 ‫ اصطفاء‬iṣṭifā’ selection (also biol.)
‫ استصطفاء‬istiṣfā’: ‫اصطفاء األموال‬
sequestration of property
‫ صاف‬ṣāfin clear, limpid; sheer, pure,
straight, unmixed, undiluted,
unadulterated; untroubled, undisturbed;
serene; pure; net │ ‫ صافى النية‬ṣ. an-nīya
sincere, candid, openhearted; ‫صافي الحمولة‬
net tonnage; ‫ صافى األرباح‬net profit
‫ مصف‬muṣaffin official receiver,
receiver in equity; clarifier, clarifying
agent
‫ مصفى‬muṣaffan purified, pure, clear,
limpid, cloudless
‫ مصطفى‬mušṭafan chosen, selected;
‫ المصطفى‬epithet of Mohammed
‫ صفير‬ṣafīr sapphire
‫( صقالة‬It. scala) ṣaqāla pl. ‫ صقائل‬ṣaqā’il2
scaffold; gangway, gangplank
‫ صقب‬III to approach (‫ ه‬s.o.), go or come near (‫ه‬
s.o.); to be neighbor (‫ ه‬with s.o.), be
adjacent (‫ ھـ‬to s.th.), adjoin (‫ ھـ‬s.th.)
O ‫ مصاقبة‬muṣāqaba affinity
1
‫ صقر‬ṣaqr pl. ‫ صقور‬ṣuqūr, ‫ اصقر‬aṣqur saker,
falcon, hawk
2
‫ صاقور‬ṣaqūr stone axe
‫ صقع‬ṣaqa‘a a (ṣaq‘, ‫ صقاع‬ṣuqā‘) to crow
(rooster); pass. ṣuqi‘a to be covered with
hoarfrost (ground) II to be icy, ice-cold,
frozen
‫ صقع‬ṣuq‘ pl. ‫ اصقاع‬aṣqā‘ area, region,
country, district, locality, land │ ‫األصقاع‬
‫( المتجمدة الجنوبية‬mutajammida, janūbīya)
the Antarctic
‫ صقعة‬ṣaq‘a frost, severe cold
‫ صقيع‬saqī‘ frost; ice; hoarfrost
‫ اصقع‬asqa‘2 more eloquent
‫ مصقع‬miṣqa‘ pl. ‫ مصاقع‬maṣāqi‘
eloquent; loud-voiced, having a stentorian
voice
1
‫ صقل‬ṣaqala u (ṣaql, ‫ صقال‬ṣiqāl) to smooth,
polish, burnish, cut (‫ ھـ‬s.th.); to refine (‫ھـ‬
style, taste, and the like) VII to become
smooth
‫ صقل‬ṣaqala u polishing, burnishing │
‫ صقل األذھان‬mental training
‫ صقيل‬ṣaqīl polished, burnished; smooth,
shiny, glossy
‫ صقال‬ṣaqqāl polisher. smoother
‫ صيقل‬ṣaiqal pl. -āt ‫ مصاقل‬maṣāqil2
polisher, smoother
‫ مصقلة‬miṣqala pl. ‫ مصاقل‬maṣāqil2
burnisher (tool)
‫ مصقول‬maṣqūl polished, burnished; cut
(glass, and the like); acute, refined (wit)
2
‫ صقالة‬look up alphabetically
‫ صقلب‬ṣaqlab pl. ‫ صقالبة‬ṣaqāliba Slav
‫ صقلية‬ṣiqillīya Sicily
2
‫ صك‬ṣakka u (ṣakk) to beat, strike; to shut,
lock (‫ ھـ‬the door) │ ‫ صكت به اآلذان‬his ears
were tingling or ringing; ‫صك سمعه‬
(sam‘ahū) to strike s.o.’s ear (noise); to
roar in s.o.’s ears VIII to knock together,
shake, tremble, (knees), chatter (teeth)
2
‫ صك‬ṣakk pl. ‫ صكوك‬ṣukūk, ‫ صكاك‬ṣikāk, ‫اصك‬
aṣukk (instrunlent of) contract (Isl. Law);
legal instrument, document, deed; check,
cheque
1
‫ صلة‬see ‫وصل‬
2
‫ صل‬ṣalla i (‫ صليل‬ṣalīl) to ring, clink, clank,
clatter, rattle
‫ صل‬ṣill pl. ‫ اصالل‬aṣlāl, ‫ صالل‬ṣilāl a
variety of venomous adder, viper
‫ صليل‬ṣalīl rattle, clatter, clash (e.g., of
weapons), jingling (of coins) 521
1
‫ صلب‬ṣaluba u (‫ صالبة‬ṣalāba) and ṣaliba a to
be or become hard, firm, solid, stiff, or
rigid, solidify, harden, set, stiffen II to
make hard, firm, solid, stiff, or rigid,
harden, solidify, stiffen, indurate (‫ ه‬،‫ ھـ‬s.o.,
s.th.); to support, prop, shore up (A s.th.);
to harden (‫ ھـ‬the heart) V = I; to show o.s.
hard or severe
‫ صلب‬ṣulb hard, firm, solid, stiff, rigid;
steel; -- (pl. ‫ اصلب‬aṣlub, ‫ اصالب‬aṣlāb)
spinal column, backbone; loins; -- text,
body (of a book, and the like) │ ‫صلب‬
‫ الرأي‬ṣ. ar-ra’y obstinate, stubborn,
headstrong, opinionated; ‫ صلب الرقبة‬ṣ. ar-
raqaba do.; ‫ صلب العود‬ṣ. al-‘ūd of robust
 physique, strongly built, husky, sturdy;
stubborn, resistant, unbending, unyielding,
relentless; ‫( ھو ابن صلبه‬ibn ṣulbihī) and ‫ھو‬
‫ من صلبه‬he is his own son, his offspring;
‫( درامة مستخرجة من صلب الحياة‬mustakraja
min ṣulbi l-ḥayāh) a drama taken from
real life; ‫ في صلبه‬at heart, in his innermost
‫ صلبة‬ṣulba: ‫ صلبة العين‬ṣ. al-4ain sclera
(anat.)
‫ صليب‬ṣalīb hard, firm, solid, stiff, rigid
‫ صالبة‬ṣalāba hardness, callousness;
hardening, induration; firmness, solidity,
stiffness, rigidity; stubbornness, obstinacy,
unyieldingness; intolerance │ ‫ صالبة العود‬ṣ.
al-‘ūd sternness, severity, hardness,
obstinacy, stubbornness, inflexibility,
relentlessness
‫ تصلب‬taṣallub hardness, callousness,
hardening │ ‫ تصلب الشرابين‬t. aš-šarābīn
arteriosclerosis
‫ متصلب‬mutaṣallib unyielding,
inflexible, relentless, hard
2
‫ صلب‬ṣalaba i (ṣalb) to crucify (‫ ه‬s.o.) II = I; to
make the sign of the cross (‫ على‬over); to
cross o.s.; to cross, fold (‫ ھـ‬one’s arms)
‫ صلب‬ṣulb crucifixion
‫ صليب‬ṣalīb pl. ‫ صلبان‬ṣulbān, ‫ صلب‬ṣulub
cross │ ‫( الصليب الجنويب‬janūbī) the
Southern Cross (astron.); ‫ الصليب األحمر‬the
Red Cross; ‫ صليب معقوف‬swastika; ‫شارة‬
‫ الصليب‬and ‫ اشارة الصليب‬sign of the cross
(Chr.); ‫‘ عود الصليب‬ūd aṣ-ṣ. peony
(Paeonis; bot.)
‫ صليبي‬ṣalībī: ‫ الحروب الصليبية‬the
crusades; ‫ الصليبيون‬the crusaders
‫ صلبوت‬ṣalbūt (representation of the)
crucifixion, crucifix
‫ مصلب‬muṣallab crossing, interjunction
(of roads)
‫ صلت‬ṣaluta u (‫ صلوتة‬ṣulūta) to be glossy, be
smooth and shining IV to draw, unsheathe
(‫ السيف‬as-saifa the sword); pass. uṣlita to
be drawn (sword)
1
‫ صلج‬ṣullaj (coll.; n. un. ‫ )ة‬pl. -āt cocoon,
chrysalis of the silkworm
2
‫ صولجان‬look up alphabetically
‫ صلح‬ṣalaḥa u a (‫ صالح‬ṣalāḥ, ‫صلوح‬
ṣulūḥ, ‫ مصلحة‬maṣlaḥa) and ṣaluḥa u (‫صالح‬
ṣalāḥ, ‫ صالحية‬ṣaāḥīya) to be good, right,
proper, in order, righteous, pious, godly;
to be well, thrive; to be usable, useful,
practicable, serviceable, fitting, suitable,
or appropriate (‫ ل‬for), lend itself (‫ ل‬to),
suit, match (‫ ل‬s.th.), fit (‫ مع‬s.th. or s.o.),
apply (‫ مع‬to s.o. or s.th.); to be admissible,
permissible (‫ مع‬in, at, with); to be valid.
hold true (‫ ل‬for) II to put in order, settle,
adjust, restore, restitute (‫ ھـ‬s.th.), make
amends, compensate (‫ ھـ‬for); to mend,
improve, ameliorate, fix, repair (‫ ھـ‬s.th.)
III to make peace, become reconciled,
make up, reach a compromise or
settlement (‫ ه‬with s.o.); to foster peace (‫بين‬
between), reconcile (‫ بين‬people) IV to put
in order, settle, adjust (‫ من‬or ‫ ھـ‬s.th.),
overhaul, restore, restitute, rebuild,
reconstruct; to make amends, compensate
(‫ من‬or 521 ‫ ھـ‬for); to mend, improve,
ameliorate, fix, repair (‫ من‬or ‫ ھـ‬s.th.); to
make suitable or fitting, adjust, modify (‫ھـ‬
s.th.); to reform (‫ من‬or ‫ ھـ‬s.th.); to remove,
remedy (‫ من‬or ‫ ھـ‬s.th.); to make arable or
cultivable, reclaim, cultivate, till, (‫ ھـ‬land);
to further, promote, encourage (‫ ه‬s.o.),
make (‫ ه‬s.o.) thrive or prosper, bring good
luck (‫ ه‬to s.o.); to make peace (‫بين‬
between), bring together (‫ بين‬people),
bring about an agreement (‫ بين‬between),
conciliate (‫ بين‬people) VI to make peace,
make up, become reconciled with one
another VII to be put in order, be righted,
be corrected, be improved, be ameliorated
VIII = VI; to agree (‫ على‬on), accept, adopt
(‫ على‬s.th.) X to deem (‫ ه‬s.th.) good, proper,
suitable, fitting, usable, useful,
practicable, or serviceable; to make
arable, cultivable, reclaim (‫ ھـ‬land)
‫ صلح‬ṣulḥ peace, (re)conciliation,
settlement, composition, compromise;
peace (pol.), peacemaking, conclusion of
peace │ ‫( حاكم الصلح‬Syr.) justice of the
peace; ‫ قاضي الصلح‬do.; ‫قضوية الصلح‬
qaḍawīyat aṣ-ṣ. jurisdiction of the ‫قاضي‬
‫الصلح‬
‫ صلحي‬ṣulḥī of peace, peace (adj.);
arbitrative, arbitrational, arbitration (in
compounds) │ ‫( لجنة صلحية‬lajna)
arbitration committee
 ‫ صالح‬ṣalāḥ goodness, properness,
rightness; usability, practicability,
usefulness; righteousness, probity, piety,
godliness
‫ صالحية‬ṣalāḥīya suitability, fitness,
appropriateness, aptness; efficiency;
usability, practicability, usefulness, use,
worth; serviceability, proper or working
condition (e.g., of a machine);
competence; validity. applicability; (pl.
-āt) full or mandatory power. power of
attorney, also ‫( صالحية تامة‬tāmma) │ ‫جھات‬
‫ ذات صالحية‬competent authorities; ‫مطلق‬
‫ الصالحية‬muṭlaq aṣ-ṣ. plenipotentiary
(dipl.)
‫ صلوحية‬ṣalūḥīya = ‫ صالحية‬ṣalāḥīya
‫ اصلح‬aṣlaḥ2 better, more proper, more
correct; more pious, godlier; fitter, more
suitable
‫ مصلحة‬maṣlaḥa pl. ‫ مصالح‬maṣāliḥ2
matter, affair; requirement. exigency; that
which is beneficial, helpful, or promoting;
advantage, benefit, interest, good, welfare;
office, authority, department,
governmental agency, administration
(chiefly Eg.) │ ‫مصلحة اآلثار المصرية‬
(miṣrīya) Administration of Egyptian
Antiquities; ‫ مصالح األمة‬m. al-umma the
welfare of the people; ‫ مصلحة البريد‬postal
administration; ‫ مصلحة الحدود‬administrative
agency for the territories outside the
cultivated area (Eg.); ‫المصالح الحكومية‬
(ḥukūmīya) the governmental agencies;
‫ مصلحة الصحة‬m. aṣ-ṣiḥḥa health office;
‫‘( المصلحة العامة‬āmma) public welfare,
commonweal; ‫ في مصلحة فالن‬in s.o.’s
interest; ‫( في المصلحة والمفسدة‬mafsada) in
good and bad times, for better or for
worse; ‫ لمصلحة فالن‬in s.o.’s favor, for the
benefit of s.o., to s.o.’s advantage, on
behalf of s.o., in s.o.’s interest; ‫خدم مصالح‬
‫ فالن‬to serve s.o.’s interests
‫ مصلحي‬maṣlaḥī administrational,
official, governmental
‫ تصليح‬taṣlīḥ restoration, restitution,
mending, fixing, overhauling, repair,
improvement, amelioration
‫ مصالحة‬muṣālaḥa peace, conciliation;
compromise; composition, settlement
‫ اصالح‬iṣlāḥ pl. -āt restoration,
restitution, redressing, reparation;
improvement, amelioration, betterment,
mending, correction; reconstruction;
reconditioning, repair; renovation,
refurbishing; adjustment, settling,
remedying, removal, elimination;
restoration of 522 order, establishment of
peace, happiness and order; reformation,
reform; reclamation, cultivation (of land);
(re)conciliation, settlement, compromise,
peacemaking (‫ بين‬between)
‫ اصالحي‬iṣlāḥī reformatory,
reformational, reform- (in compounds);
reformer, reformist │ ‫معھد اصالحي‬
(ma‘had) reformatory, house of correction
‫ اصالحية‬iṣlāḥīya revisionism,
reformism; (pl. -āt) reformatory, house of
correction
‫ تصالح‬taṣāluḥ (re)conciliation
‫ اصطالح‬iṣṭilāḥ pl. -āt agreement,
convention, practice, usage; (colloquial,
linguistic) usage; technical term, terminus
technicus
‫ اصطالحي‬iṣṭilāḥī conventional; technical
(of a term)
‫ استصالح‬istiṣlāḥ reclamation, cultivation
‫ صالح‬ṣāliḥ good, right, proper, sound;
thorough, substantial, downright, out-and-
out, solid; virtuous, pious, devout, godly;
usable, useful, practicable, serviceable,
fitting, suitable, appropriate (‫ ل‬for); (pl.
‫ صوالح‬ṣawāliḥ) advantage, benefit,
interest, good, welfare │ ‫السلف الصالح‬
(salaf) the worthy ancestors, the venerable
forefathers; ‫( صالح السير‬sair) passable,
practicable (road); ‫‘( صالح للعمل‬amal) fit
for action, ready for use, serviceable,
practicable; valid (‫ ل‬for), applicable (‫ ل‬to);
‫‘( الصالح العام‬āmm) public welfare,
commonweal; ‫( في صالح‬with foll. genit.) in
favor of, for the benefit of, to the
advantage of, in the interest of s.o. or s.th.;
‫ لصالح‬do.; ‫ كان من صالحه‬it was in his
interest; ‫( صوالح شخصية‬šakṣīya) personal
interests
‫ الصالحات‬aṣ-ṣāliḥāt the good works, the
good deeds
‫ مصالح‬muṣāliḥ peacemaker, conciliator
 ‫ مصلح‬muṣliḥ peacemaker, conciliator;
reformer, reformist; salt
‫ مصطلح‬muṣṭalaḥ and ‫مصطلح عليه‬
generally accepted, universally followed,
commonly established, conventional,
customary; (pl. -āt technical term,
terminus techniques
‫ صلد‬ṣalada (‫ صالدة‬ṣalāda, ‫ صلودة‬ṣulūda) to be
or become hard, firm, solid, compact
(ground) IV = I
‫ صلد‬ṣald pl. ‫ اصالد‬aṣlād hard, firm,
solid, dry, barren, arid (ground); rigid,
lifeless, inert
‫ صلودة‬ṣulūda hardness, firmness,
solidity (of the ground)
‫( صلصة‬It. salsa) ṣalṣa pl. -āt and ‫ صلص‬sauce
│ ‫ صلصة مايونيز‬mayonnaise
‫ صلصل‬ṣalṣala to ring, clink, clank; to clatter,
rattle, II taṣalṣala do.
‫ صلصلة‬ṣalṣala clank(ing), clatter(ing),
clash, rattle
‫ صلصال‬ṣalsāl dry clay, argillaceous
earth
‫ مصلطح‬muṣalṭaḥ = ‫ مسلطح‬shallow, shoal, flat
‫ صلع‬ṣali‘a a (ṣala‘) to be bald
‫ صلع‬ṣala‘ baldness
‫ صلعة‬ṣul‘a, ṣala‘a bald pate, bald head
‫ اصلع‬aṣla‘2, ‫ صلعاء‬ṣal‘ā’2, pl. ‫ صلع‬ṣul‘,
‫ صلعان‬ṣul‘ān bald(-headed)
‫ صلعم‬abbreviation of the eulogy following the
name of the Prophet Mohammed: ‫صلى ﷲ‬
‫( عليه وسلم‬ṣallā, ṣallam) God bless him and
grant him salvation!
‫ صلف‬ṣalifa a (ṣalaf) to boast, brag, bluster,
swagger V = I
‫ صلف‬ṣalaf vainglory, bragging,
boasting, conceit, arrogance, pomposity,
self-importance 523
‫ صلف‬ṣalif pl. ‫ صلفاء‬ṣulafā’2
vainglorious, bragging, boastful, showing
off, pompous, blustering, swagering;
braggart, boaster, show-off, swaggerer,
fourflusher
‫ تصلف‬taṣalluf vainglory, bragging,
boasting, conceit, arrogance, pomposity,
self-importance
‫ متصلف‬mutaṣallif vainglorious,
bragging, boastful, showing off, pompous,
blustering, swagering
‫ صلو‬II to perform the salat (‫ صلوة‬see below),
pray, worship │ ‫ صلى بالناس‬to lead people
in prayer; ‫ صلى على‬to pray for; (of God) to
bless s.o.: ‫( صلى ﷲ عليه وسلم‬sallam) God
bless him and grant him salvation! (eulogy
after the name of the Prophet Mohammed)
‫ صالة‬،‫ صلوة‬ṣalāh pl. ‫ صلوات‬ṣalawāt
salat, the official Islamic prayer ritual;
intercession, intercessory prayer,
benediction; blessing, grace (of God) │
‫( الصالة الربانية‬rabbānīyra) the Lord’s
prayer; ‫ صالة التراويح‬a prayer performed
during the nights of Ramadan; ‫صالة الستار‬
vesper prayer (Chr.)
‫ مصل‬muṣallin prayer, worshiper
‫ مصلى‬muṣallan place of prayer, oratory
‫ صلون‬ṣalūn salon, parlor, reception room
‫ صلى‬ṣallā i (ṣaly) to roast, broil, fry (‫ ھـ‬s.th.);
-- ṣaliya a (ṣalan, ṣulīy, ‫ صالء‬ṣilā’) to burn
(intr.; ‫ ب‬or ‫ ھـ‬in); to be exposed to the
blaze of (‫ ب‬or ‫ )ھـ‬II to warm, heat (‫ب ھـ‬
s.th. with or on) IV = II (‫ ھـ ھـ‬s.th. on or
with); to make (‫ ه‬s.o.) burn (‫ ھـ‬in. esp. ‫النار‬
in the fire) │ ‫( اصاله نارا من الغيرة‬gaira) to
make s.o. undergo the most excruciating
pangs of jealousy; ‫ اصاله نارا‬to set s.th. on
fire; to fire at s.o. or s.th. (mil.) V to warm
o.s., seek warmth (‫ ب‬at, by, ‫ بالنار‬by the
fire) VIII = V│‫( ال يصطلى بناره‬yuṣṯalā bi-
nārihī) invincible, a great hero
‫ مصطلى‬muṣṯalan fireplace
‫ صم‬ṣamma (1st pers. perf. ṣamimtu) a (ṣamm,
‫صمم‬ṣamam) to be or become deaf; --
ṣamma (1st pers. perf. ṣamamtu) u (ṣamm)
to close, plug, cork, stopper (‫ ھـ‬s.th., e.g.,
a bottle) II to deafen (‫ ه‬s.o.); to make up
one’s mind (‫ على‬to do s.o.); to make up
one’s mind (‫ على‬to do s.th.), determine (
‫ على‬upon, to do s.th.), resolve, be
determined (‫ على‬to do s.th.), decide (‫على‬
on, to do s.th.); to persist (‫ على‬in); to
deoign (‫ ھـ‬s.th.); to plan (‫ ھـ‬s.th.), design (
‫ ھـ ل‬s.th. for) IV to be or become deaf; to
 deafen (‫ ه‬s.o.), make (. s.o.) deaf (‫ عن‬,‫ ھـ‬to
s.th.) VI to give a deaf ear (‫ عن‬to)
‫ صمة‬ṣimma plug, cork, stopper
‫ صمم‬deafness │‫ كان في صمم عن‬to be deaf
to s.th.
‫ صمام‬ṣimām pl. -āt plug, cork, stopper;
valve, tube (radio) │ ‫ )صمام األمان )األمن‬s.
al-amān (al-amn) safety valve; O ‫صمام‬
‫ التقويم‬rectifier tube; ‫ رفع الصمام عن‬to let s.th.
take its course, give free rein to s.th. (also
to a feeling)
O ‫ صمامة‬ṣammāma embolism (med.)
‫ صميم‬ṣamīm innermost, heart; core,
essence, marrow, pith; true, sincere,
genuine │ ‫( من صميم القلب‬ṣ. il-qalb) from
the bottom of the heart, wholeheartedly,
most sincerely; ‫ في صميم‬... amid, in; ‫ضربه‬
‫ في الصميم‬to affect s.o. to the very core,
touch s.o. most deeply
‫ صميمي‬cordial, hearty
‫ اصم‬aṣamm2, f. ‫ صماء‬ṣammā’2, pl. ‫صم‬
ṣumm, ‫ صمان‬ṣummān deaf; hard and solid,
massive (rock); ‫ األصم‬the deaf one, epithet
of the month of Rajab │ ‫( فعل اصم‬fi‘l)
triliteral verb with identical second and
third radical, verbum mediae geminatae
(gram.); ‫( اصم اصلخ‬aṣlak) stone-deaf; ‫جذر‬
‫( اصم‬jadr) irrational or surd root (math.),
‫ آلة صماء‬willing tool
‫ تصميم‬taṣmīm determination (‫ على‬for, to
do s.th.), resolution, decision; resolute 524
action; tenacious pursuit (of a plan);
planning, projecting; design, designing
(e.g., of a dress); (pl. –āt, ‫ تصاميم‬taṣāmīm2)
plan; design; sketch│‫من تصميم فالن‬
designed by so-and so
‫ مصمم‬muṣammim determined (‫ على‬to do
s.th.)│‫ مصمم االزياء‬fashion creator,
designer
‫ صمت‬ṣamata u (ṣamt, ‫ صموت‬ṣumūt) to be
silent, be taciturn, hold one’s tongue, hush
up, be or become quiet or still II to silence
(‫ ه‬s.o.) IV = II
‫ صمت‬ṣamt silence │ ‫ في صمت‬silently,
quietly
‫ صموت‬ṣumūt silence; pl. of act.
participle ‫صامت‬
‫ صموت‬ṣamūt silent, taciturn
‫ صامت‬ṣāmit pl. ‫ صموت‬ṣumūt silent │
‫ سينما صامتة‬silent film
‫ مصمت‬muṣammat uniform (color);
plain, unpatterned, blank (wall); uniform
in texture, made of a single material;
massive, solid, not hollow, compact
‫ صماخ‬ṣimàk pl. ‫ اصمخة‬aṣmika auditory meatus
‫ صمد‬ṣamada u (ṣamd) to betake o.s., repair, go
(‫ ه‬,‫ ھـ‬or ‫ ل‬or ‫ الى‬to, into, toward), to turn,
apply o.s. (‫ ھـ‬or ‫ ل‬or ‫ الى‬to s.th.); -- (‫صمود‬
ṣumūd) to defy, hrave, withstand (‫في وجھه‬
fī wajhihī or ‫ ل‬s.o., s.th.), to stand up (‫في‬
‫ وجھه‬or ‫ ل‬against s.o. or s.th.), resist,
oppose (‫ في وجھه‬or ‫ الى‬s.o. or s.th.); to hold
out (‫ في وجھه‬or ‫ ل‬against); -- i to close,
plug, cork, stopper (‫ ھـ‬s.th., e.g., a bottle)
II to betake o.s., repair, go (‫ ه‬to s.o., ‫ ھـ‬to,
toward), to close, plug, cork, stopper (‫ھـ‬
s.th., e.g., a bottle), to save, lay by
(money) III to come to blows, fight (‫ ه‬with
s.o.)
‫ صمد‬ṣamad lord; eternal, everlasting
(epithet of God)
‫ صمدانى‬ṣamadānī eternal, everlasting
‫ صمادة‬ṣimāda (ir.) headcloth (worn by
men)
‫ صمصم‬ṣamṣama to persist (‫ فى‬in)
‫ صومعة‬ṣauma‘a pl. ‫ صوامع‬ṣawāmi‘2 monk’s
cell, hermitage; silo (for grain storage);
(mor.) minaret
‫ صمغ‬II to gum (‫ ھـ‬s.th.); to paste, glue (‫ ھـ‬s.th.)
IV to exude gum (tree)
‫ صمغ‬samg pl. ‫ صموغ‬ṣumūg gum, resin
│ ‫ صمغ سائل‬mucilage; ‫‘( صمغ عربي‬arabī)
gum arabic; ‫ صمغ اللك‬s. al-lakk shellac;
‫( صمغ مرن‬marin) rubber, caoutchouc; ‫صمغ‬
‫( ھندي‬hindī) do.; ‫ شجر الصمغ‬šajar aṣ-ṣ.
rubber trees
‫ صمغي‬ṣamgī gummy, gummiferous,
gumlike, mucilaginous
‫ تصميغ‬taṣmīg gumming; resinification
1
‫ صمل‬ṣamala u (ṣaml) to be firm, be hard, hold
one’s ground, stand firm, hold out, last,
endure
‫ صمل‬ṣaml rigidity, stiffness, │ ‫صمل‬
‫( جيفي‬jīfī) rigor mortis
 2
‫ صمولة‬ṣamūla pl. ‫ صوامل‬ṣawāmil2,
‫ صامولة‬ṣāmūla pl. ‫ صواميل‬ṣawāmīl2 nut (of
a bolt), rivet
‫ صمالخ‬ṣimlāk pl. ‫ صماليخ‬ṣamālīk2 earwax,
cerumen
‫ صمى‬IV to deal (‫ ه‬s.o.) a fatal blow, to hit (‫ ه‬,‫ھـ‬
s.o., s.th.) fatally │ ‫ رمى فاصمى‬ramā fa-
aṣmā to shoot and hit, shoot dead on the
spot
‫ صن‬ṣann basket
‫ صنة‬ṣinna odor emanating from the
armpit
‫ صنان‬ṣunān odor emanating from the
armpit
‫ صنارة‬ṣinnāra pl. ‫ صنانير‬ṣanānīr2 hook,
fishhook 525
‫ صنبور‬ṣanbūr pl. ‫ صنابير‬ṣanābīr2 (water)
faucet, tap
‫ صنبر‬look up alphabetically
‫ صنتيم‬ṣantīm pl. -āt centime (1/100 franc)
1
‫ صنج‬ṣanj pl. ‫ صنوج‬ṣunūj cymbal (mus.)
2
‫ صنجة‬ṣinja = 1‫سنجة‬
3
‫ صنجات‬ṣanajāt castanets
‫ صنجقية‬ṣanjaqīya see ‫سنجق‬
‫ صنديد‬ṣindīd pl. ‫ صناديد‬ṣanādīd leader, notable;
brave, valiant
‫ صندوق‬ṣundūq, ṣandūq pl. ‫ صناديق‬ṣanādīq2
crate, box; chest; trunk, suitcase; case,
cabinet; money box; till, coffer; pay
office, treasurer’s office; any public
institution where funds are deposited and
disbursed for a special purpose (e.g., sick
fund, health insurance, etc.) │ ‫صندوق البريد‬
post-office box; ‫ صندوق المكاتب‬mailbox;
‫ صندوق النقد الدولي‬ṣ. an-naqd ad-duwalī
International Monetary Fund; ‫صندوق التوفير‬
savings bank; ‫( ابو الصندوق‬eg.) hunchback;
‫ امين الصندوق‬treasurer; ‫ دفتر الصندوق‬daftar
aṣ-ṣ. cashbook
‫ صندل‬ṣandal sandalwood; sandals; (pl. ‫صنادل‬
ṣanādil2) (freight) barge; lighter, barge
‫ صنارة‬look up alphabetically
1
‫ صنع‬ṣana‘a a (ṣan‘, ṣun‘, ‫ صنيع‬ṣanī‘) to do,
make (‫ ھـ‬s.th.); to arrange, stage, put on (‫ھـ‬
s.th.); to produce, build, manufacture,
fabricate, design (‫ ھـ‬s.th.); to work, treat,
process (‫ ھـ‬s.th.) │ ‫ صنع اليه معروفا‬to do s.o.
a favor; ‫ صنع معه جميال‬do.; ‫ صنع به ھـ‬to do
s.th. to s.o.; ‫ صنع به صنيعا قبيحا‬to do s.o. a
dirty trick II to industrialize (‫ ھـ‬s.th.) ill to
cooperate, go along (‫ ه‬،‫ ھـ‬with); to flatter,
cajole (‫ ه‬s.o.); to bribe (‫ ب ه‬s.o. with) V to
pretend, feign, stimulate, fake, sham,
affect (‫ ھـ‬s.th.); to speak or write in an
artificial, affected, stilted, or mannered
way; to use means for enhancing her
beauty (woman) VIII to order,
commission (‫ ھـ‬s.th.); to create (‫ ھـ‬s.th.)
synthetically; to produce, manufacture,
make, fabricate (‫ ھـ‬s.th.); to pretend, feign,
fake, assume falsely (‫ ھـ‬s.th.); to invent (‫ھـ‬
s.th.); to make (‫ ل ه‬s.th. into), take, use (‫ل‬
‫ ھـ‬s.th. for); to commit, bind (‫ ل ه‬s.o. to) X
to have (‫ ه‬s.o.) make (‫ ھـ‬s.th.)
‫ صنع‬ṣan‘, ṣan‘ production,
manufacture, fabrication, making, design,
make, workmanship │ ‫ صنع اليد‬ṣ. al-yad
handwork; ‫ بديع الصنع‬badī‘ aṣ-ṣan‘ of
wonderful workmanship
‫ صنعي‬ṣan‘ī artificial, synthetic
‫ صنع‬ṣun‘ benefit, favor
‫ صنعة‬ṣan‘a work, workmanship,
making, manufacture, fabrication; art;
technical skill, artistic skill; work, craft,
trade, business, occupation, vocation,
profession │‫ صاحب الصنعة‬artisan,
craftsman; expert, specialist
‫ صناع‬ṣanā‘: ‫ صناع اليد‬ṣ. al-yad skillful,
skilled, dexterous, deft
‫ صناعة‬ṣinā‘a pl. -āt, ‫ صنائع‬ṣanā’i‘2 art,
skill; occupation, vocation, calling,
business, profession; handicraft; trade,
craft; industry; pl. branches of industry,
industries │ ‫ صناعة شريفة‬honorable,
respectable trade; ‫ ارباب الصناعات‬the
artisans, craftsmen; ‫ رجل الصناعة‬rajul aṣ-ṣ.
industrialist; ‫( اصحاب الصنائع والحرف‬ḥiraf)
artisans and tradesmen
‫ صنائعي‬ṣanā’i‘ī artificial, synthetic,
imitation; workmanlike, handicraft, trade
(adj.); industrial; artisan, craftsman
‫ صناعي‬ṣinā‘ī artificial, synthetic,
imitation; workmanlike, handicraft, trade
(adj.); industrial │ ‫( سر صناعي‬sirr)
 industrial secret; ‫( الفن الصناعي‬fann) applied
arts, artistic handicraft 526
‫ صنيع‬ṣanī‘ action, acting, doing; act,
deed; fact; good deed, benefit, favor;
charge, protégé; creature, willing tool;
meal, repast, banquet
‫ صنيعة‬ṣanī‘a pl. ‫ صنائع‬ṣanā’i‘2 action,
deed; good deed, good turn, benefit, favor;
charge, protégé; creature, willing tool
2
‫ مصنع‬maṣna‘ pl. ‫ مصانع‬maṣāni‘ factory,
plant, mill, works; establishment, firm;
‫ مصانع‬also: large structures, installations,
man-made works │ ‫ارباب )اصحاب( المصانع‬
manufacturers, industrialists
‫ مصنعية‬maṣna‘īya wages, pay
‫ تصنيع‬taṣnī‘ industrialization
‫ تصنع‬taṣannu‘ hypocrisy, dissimulation,
dissemblement; affectedness affectation,
mannerism ‫ صه‬ṣah pst! hush! quiet!
‫ اصطناع‬iṣṭinā‘ production, making
‫ اصطناعي‬iṣṭinā‘ī artificial, synthetic,
imitation
‫ صانع‬ṣāni‘ pl. ‫ صناع‬ṣunnā‘ maker,
producer, manufacturer, creator; artisan, ‫ صھد‬ṣahada a (ṣahd) to scorch, parch, burn (‫ھـ‬
craftsman; worker, workman, laborer;
servant
‫ مصنوع‬product, produce; pl. ‫مصنوعات‬
(industrial) products, produce, articles,
manufactured goods
‫ متصنع‬mutaṣanni‘ subtilizing,
overrefining; affected, stilted, mannered
‫ مصطنع‬muṣṭana‘ artificial, synthetic;
affected, simulated, imitated, sham,
bogus, phony │ ‫( مفتاح مصطنع‬miftāḥ)
duplicate key, masterkey
2
‫ صنعاء‬ṣan‘ā’ San‘a (capital of Yemen)
‫ صنف‬II to sort, assort, classify, categorize (‫ھـ‬
s.th.); to compile, compose, write (‫ ھـ‬a
book)
‫ صنف‬ṣanf, ṣinf pl. ‫ اصناف‬aṣnāf, ‫صنوف‬
ṣunūf kind, sort, specimen; article (com.);
genus, species, class, category; sex; ‫ صنفا‬in
kind (as oppose to: in cash)
‫ تصنيف‬taṣnīf classification.
Categorization, sorting, assorting;
compilation, composition, writing; (pl.
‫ تصانيف‬taṣānīf2) literary work
‫ تصنيفة‬taṣnīfa assortment, selection
‫ مصنف‬muṣannif author, writer
‫ مصنف‬muṣannaf pl. -āt literary work
‫ صنفر‬ṣanfara to rub with sandpaper, to
sandpaper, to emery (‫ھـ‬s.th.)
‫ صنفر‬ṣanfar and ‫ صنفرة‬ṣanfara emery
‫ صنم‬ṣanam pl. ‫ اصنام‬aṣnām idol, image
‫ صنو‬ṣinw pl. ‫ صنوان‬ṣinwān, ‫ اصناء‬aṣnā’ one of
two, twin brother
‫ صنوبر‬ṣanaubar stone pine (Pinus pinea; bot.)
│ ‫ حب الصنوبر‬ḥabb aṣ-ṣ. pine nut, pinon
‫ صنوبري‬ṣanaubarī pine (adj.). piny,
pine-like; pineal │ ‫( الغدة الصنوبرية‬gudda)
pineal gland
‫ صھب‬IX and XI iṣhābba to be or become
reddish, red-brown
‫ اصھب‬aṣhab2, f. ‫ صھباء‬ṣahhbā’2, pl.
‫ صھب‬ṣuhb reddish; ‫ الصھباء‬wine
‫ ه‬s.o., s.th., esp. of the sun)
‫ صھد‬ṣahd beat
‫ صھيد‬ṣahīd scorching beat, blaze
‫ صھود‬ṣuhūd scorching heat, blaze
‫ صھر‬ṣahara a (ṣahr) to melt, fuse, smelt (‫ھـ‬
s.th.) III to become related by marriage (‫في‬
or ‫ ه‬to s.o.) IV to become related by
marriage (‫ الى‬or ‫ ب‬to s.o.) VI to be related
by marriage VII to melt, fuse; to melt
away, vanish, break (intr.) 527
‫ صھر‬ṣihr relationship by marriage; --
(pl. ‫ اصھار‬aṣhār) husband of one’s
daughter, son-in-law; husband of one’s
sister, brother-in-law
‫ صھير‬ṣahīr molten, in fusion
‫ مصاھر‬maṣāhir2 (pl.) smelting furnaces;
blast furnaces
O ‫ مصھر‬miṣhar pl. -āt fuse (el.)
‫ مصاھرة‬muṣāhara relationship by
marriage; O affinity
 ‫ انصھار‬inṣihār melting process │ O ‫سلك‬
‫ االنصھار الواقى‬silk al-ins. al-wāqī fuse (el.)
‫ صھريج‬ṣihrīj, ṣahrīj ‫ صھاريج‬ṣahārīj2 cistern;
large (water) container, tank
‫ صھل‬ṣahala a i (‫ صھيل‬ṣahīil) to whinny, neigh
(horse)
‫ صھيل‬ṣahīl whinny(ing), neighing
‫ صھوة‬ṣahwa pl. ṣahawāt, ‫ صھاء‬ṣihā’ back (of a
horse)
‫ صھيون‬ṣahyūn2, also ṣihyaun2 Zion
‫ صھيوني‬ṣahyūnī, ṣihyaunī Zionistic,
Zionist
‫ صھيونية‬ṣahyūnīya, ṣihyaunīya Zionism
1
‫ )صاب )صوب‬ṣāba u (ṣaub, ‫ صيبوبة‬ṣaibūba) to
hit (‫ ھـ‬s.th., the target); to be right, hold
true, be to the point, hit the mark, be
pertinent, be apposite (opinion) │ ‫صاب ام‬
‫( اقلع‬am aqla‘a) by all means, under all
circumstances II to direct, fix (‫ الى ھـ‬s.th.,
also, e.g., the glance on, to), aim, point,
train (‫ الى ھـ‬s.th. at or on); to agree (‫ ه‬with
s.o.), concur (‫ ه‬،‫ ھـ‬with s.o., in s.th.),
consent, assent (‫ ھـ‬to s.th.), approve (‫ ھـ‬of
s.th.), sanction (‫ ھـ‬s.th.) IV to hit (‫ ھـ‬a
target); to attain, reach, achieve (‫ ھـ‬s.th.,
e.g., end, purpose); to reach out (‫ ھـ‬for
s.th., of the hand); to get, obtain, win, gain
(‫ ھـ‬e.g., a fortune), acquire (‫ ھـ‬s.th.‫ ه‬e.g.‫ ه‬a
certain amount of knowledge); to have,
eat (‫ ھـ‬a snack); to take (‫ ھـ‬a meal); to
befall (‫ ه‬s.o.), fall (‫ ه‬upon s.o.), happen (‫ه‬
to s.o.); to allot (‫ ب ه‬to s.o. s.th.), bestow (
‫ ب ه‬upon s.o. s.th.), make (‫ ب‬s.th.) fall to
s.o.’s (‫ )ه‬lot; to cause losses (‫ من‬to s.o.); to
be right, be in the right; to do the right
thing, hit the mark; to do right, properly (‫ه‬
s.th., expressed by a verbal noun); to say
the right word; pass ‫ اصيب‬uṣība to be
stricken, attacked, afflicted (‫ ب‬by a
disease, and the like); to be killed │ ‫اصاب‬
‫( اصابات‬iṣābāt) to score, make goals (in
sports); ‫‘( اصاب في عمله‬amalihī) to do right,
act properly; ‫ اصيب بجراح‬to incur multiple
wounds; ‫( اصيب بخسارة‬bi-kasāratin) to
suffer a loss; ‫( اصيب اصابة شديدة‬iṣābatan) to
be hard hit, be grievously afflioted X
‫ استوصب‬istauṣaba to approve (‫ ه‬of s.th.),
sanction (‫ ھـ‬s.th.)
‫ صوب‬ṣaub direction, quarter; that
which is right, proper, or correct; ṣauba
(prep.) in the direction of, toward, to │ ‫من‬
‫( كل حدب وصوب‬ḥadabin) or ‫من كل صوب‬
‫ وحدب‬or ‫( من كل فج وحدب‬fajjin) from all
sides, from all directions, from all
quarters, from everywhere; ‫في كل صوب‬
‫ وحدب‬every place, everywhere, all over, in
all quarters
‫ صيب‬ṣayyib rain cloud
‫ صابة‬ṣāba pl. -āt harvest (tun.)
‫ صواب‬ṣawāb that which is right, proper,
or correct; right, proper, or correct;
rightness, correctness, properness; reason,
intellect, mind, consciousness; ‫صوابا‬
ṣawāban rightly, justly │ ‫ ھو على الصواب‬he
is right; ‫( سلك طريق الصواب والحق‬ḥaqq) to
act in exactly the right manner, pursue the
right course; ‫ رجع )فاء( الى صوابه‬to regain
one’s reason, get back to one’s senses,
become reasonable again; ‫ فقد‬،‫اضاع صوابه‬
‫ صوابه‬to lose one’s mind; ‫ غاب عن صوابه‬to
lose consciousness; ‫غائب عن صوابه‬
unconscious, senseless 528
‫ اصوب‬aṣwab2 more pertinent, more
apropos, more apposite, more proper,
more correct
‫ اصوبية‬aṣwabīya advisability,
expediency
‫ تصويب‬taṣwīb aiming; turning, pointing;
(pl. -āt) correction, rectification
‫ اصابة‬isāba pl. -āt hit; goal, score (in
sports); injury, wound; state or process of
being afflicted (by a disease), (attack of)
illness, sickness; accident │ ‫ اصابة العمل‬i.
al-‘amal industrial accident; ‫محل االصابة‬
maḥall al-i. scene of the accident
‫ استصواب‬istiṣwāb approval
‫ صائب‬ṣā’ib pertinent, apropos, apposite,
right, correct; suited, appropriate
‫ مصيب‬muṣīb pertinent, apropos,
apposite, right, correct; suited, appropriate
‫ مصيبة‬muṣība pl. -āt, ‫ مصائب‬maṣā’ib2
misfortune, calamity, disaster
‫ مصاب‬muṣāb stricken, befallen,
attacked, afflicted (‫ ب‬by); injured,
wounded, sick, ill; wounded person,
casualty; victim of an accident;
 misfortune, calamity, disaster │‫مصاب اليم‬
grievous misfortune, mournful event,
death
2
‫( صوبة‬Turk. soba) ṣōbe stove (syr.)
‫ )صات )صوت‬ṣāta u a (ṣāut) to ring, sound,
make a noise or sound; to raise one’s
voice, about II = I; to vote, cast ballots (at
an election)
‫ صوت‬ṣaut pl. ‫ اصوات‬aṣwāt sound (also
phon.); voice; tone, strain; melody, tune;
noise; fame, renown; vote; pl.
interjections (gram.) │ ‫ بعد الصوت‬bu‘d aṣ-
ṣ. fame, celebrity; ‫ رجع الصوت‬raj‘ aṣ-ṣ.
echo, reverberation; ‫‘ علم األصوات‬ilm al-a.
phonetics; ‫ قوة الصوت‬qūwat aṣ-ṣ. volume,
intensity (radio); ‫ بصوت مسموع‬audibly;
‫ بصوت عال‬aloud; ‫( بصوت واطئ‬wāṭi’) softly,
in a low voice, under one’s breath
‫ صوتي‬ṣautī sonant, sound- (in
compounds), vocal, sonic, acoustic;
resounding, resonant, sonorous; phonetic
‫ صوتيات‬ṣautīyāt phonetics
‫ صوات‬ṣuwāt crying, shouting, clamor
‫ صيت‬ṣīt (good) repute, standing,
prestige; fame, renown; celebrity,
famousness │ ‫ بعد الصوت‬bu‘d as.-ṣ. fame,
celebrity; ‫ ذائع الصيت‬famous, celebrated,
well-known
‫ صيت‬sayyit loud-voiced, having a
stentorian voice; O loud-speaker (Syr.)
O ‫ مصوات‬miṣwāt microphone
‫ تصويت‬taṣwīt voting, vote, casting of
ballots, polling (election)
‫ صائت‬ṣā’it sound- (in compounds) │ O
‫ سينما صائتة‬sound film
‫ مصوت‬muṣawwit voter; entitled to vote,
franchised
‫ صاج‬look up alphabetically
‫ صوح‬II to dry (‫ ھـ‬s.th.)
‫ مصوح‬muṣawwaḥ withered, dried (herb,
etc.)
1
‫ )صاخ )صوخ‬ṣāka u = ‫ ساخ‬sāka u
2
‫صوخ‬IV to listen, lend one’s ear (‫ الى‬or ‫ ل‬to
s.o., to s.th.)
‫ صاد‬name of the letter ‫ص‬
‫ صودا‬soda │ ‫( صودا كاوية‬kāwiya) caustic soda,
sodium hydroxide; ‫( نترات الصودا‬nitrāt)
sodium nitrate
‫( صوديوم‬Lat. sodium) sodium
‫ صور‬II to form, shape, mold, fashion, create (
‫ ھـ‬s.th.); to paint, draw, sketch (‫ ه‬،‫ ھـ‬s.o.,
s.th.); to illustrate (with drawings or
pictures, ‫ ھـ‬s.th.); to make a picture (‫ ه‬،‫ھـ‬
of s.o., of s.th.); to photograph (‫ ه‬،‫ ھـ‬s.o.,
s.th.); to represent, portray (‫ ھـ‬s.th., fig.) │
‫( صور له‬ṣuwwira) it appeared to him,
seemed to him 529 V = pass. of II; to
imagine, fancy, conceive (‫ ھـ‬s.th.); to think
(‫ ه‬،‫ ھـ‬s.o., s.th.) to be s.o. or s.th. (‫ ه‬،‫ ;)ھـ‬to
seem, appear, look (‫ ل‬to s.o.) │ ‫ال يتصور‬
‫‘( العقل‬aqlu) unimaginable, inconceivable,
unthinkable
‫ صور‬ṣūr horn, bugle; see also below
‫ صورة‬ṣūra pl. ‫ صور‬ṣuwar form, shape;
pictorial representation, illustration;
image, likeness, picture; figure, statue;
replica; copy, carbon copy, duplicate;
manner, mode; ṣūratan formally │ ‫صورة‬
‫ جامعة‬total picture, overall picture; ‫صورة‬
‫( متحركة‬mutaḥarrika) motion picture, film;
‫دار الصور المتحركة‬, motion-picture theater,
cinema; ‫( صورة شمسية‬šamsīya) photograph;
‫( صورة طبق األصل‬ṭibqa l-aṣl) true copy;
exact replica (fig.); undistorted picture;
‫( صورة مكبرة‬mukabbara) enlargement,
blowup (phot.); ‫ في صورة اآلدميين‬in human
shape; ‫( بصورة جلية‬jalīya) obviously,
evidently; ‫ بصورة محسوسة‬perceptibly,
tangibly, palpably; ‫( بصورة خاصة‬kāṣṣa)
especially, particularly; ‫بصورة عامة‬
(‘āmma) generally, in general; ‫بصورة مكبرة‬
(mukabbara) increasingly, on a larger
scale, to an increasing degree; ‫بصورة‬
‫ ملحوظة‬noticeably, markedly; ‫على صورة‬
‫( كيميائية‬kīmiyā’īya) chemically, by
chemical means; ‫ في صورة ما اذا‬in case
that ..., if; ‫( في صورة مصغرة‬muṣaggara) on
a reduced scale, in miniature
‫ صوري‬ṣūrī, ṣūwarī formal; superficial;
false, sham, deceptive, fallacious;
artificial, fictitious, seeming, fancied,
imaginary
‫ تصوير‬taṣwīr drawing, sketching;
representation, portrayal, depiction;
illustration; painting; photography, also
 ‫( التصوير الشمسي‬šamsī); take (in motion
picture taking) │ ‫ آلة التصوير‬camera
‫ تصويرة‬taṣwīra pl. ‫ تصاوير‬taṣāwīr2
pictorial representation, image, picture,
illustration
‫ تصور‬taṣawwur pl. -āt imagination
(also philos.), fancy, fantacy, idea;
conception, concept (philos.)
‫ تصوري‬taṣawwurī existing in
imagination only, imaginary, fancied,
fictitious │ O ‫( الذھب التصوري‬madhab)
idealism (as a philosophical school)
‫ مصور‬muṣawwir pl. -āt former, shaper,
fashioner, creator; painter; photographer;
cameraman (motion pictures); draftsman,
commercial artist, illustrator │ ‫مصور‬
‫ الكائنات‬the Creator of the Universe; ‫المصور‬
‫( الكھربائي للقلب‬kahrabā’ī, qalb)
electrocardiograph
‫ مصورة‬muṣawwira camera
‫ مصور‬muṣawwar illustrated; -- (pl. -āt)
photographer’s studio; motion-picture
studio │ ‫ مصور الجغرافيا‬m. al-jugrāfiyā
atlas
2 ‫ صوفية‬ṣūfiya Sufi way of life; ‫الصوفية‬
‫ صور‬ṣūr2 Tyre (town in S Lebanon)
1
‫ صوص‬ṣūṣ pl. ‫ صيصان‬ṣīṣān chicken, chick
(syr.)
2 ‫ صوفانة‬ṣūfāna tinder, touchwood, punk
‫صوصي‬ṣauṣī (eg.) to peep, cheep, squeak
‫ صوع‬VII to turn on one’s heel; to obey, yield,
give in, submit (‫ ل‬to s.o. to s.th.)
‫ صاع‬ṣā‘ pl. ‫ اصوع‬aṣwu‘, ‫ اصواع‬aṣwā‘,
‫ صيعان‬ṣī‘ān saa, a cubic measure of
varying magnitude │ ‫ بصاع صاعا‬tit for tat;
‫( رد له الصاع صاعين‬radda, ṣā‘ain) or to pay
s.o. back
twofold, bring double retaliation on s.o.
‫ صاعة‬ṣā‘a salon, parlor, reception room
1 attack, assault (‫ على‬s.o.) II to pan, wash
‫ )صاغ )صوغ‬ṣāga u (ṣaug, ṣiyāga) to form,
shape, mold, fashion, create (‫ ھـ‬s.th.); to
formulate (‫ ھـ‬s.th.); to coin (‫ ھـ‬a word); to
fabricate, invent, make up (‫ ھـ‬a lie) │ ‫صاغ‬
‫( الذھب والفضة‬dahab, fiḍḍa) to work in gold
and silver, practice the art of goldsmithing
‫ صوغ‬ṣaug forming, shaping, molding,
fashioning, creating 530
‫ صيغة‬sīga forming, shaping, molding,
fashioning, creating; -- (pl. ‫ صيغ‬ṣiyag)
shape, form; external form; wording, text,
version (e.g., of a letter, of a treaty);
formula (in general, also math., chem.);
jewelry, gold and silver articles; (gram.)
form │ ‫ صيغة الفاعل‬the active (gram.); ‫صيغة‬
‫ المفعول‬the passive (gram.); ‫ بصيغة حاسمة‬in a
decided form, in no uncertain terms
‫ صياغة‬ṣiyāga composing, drafting,
wording, forming, formulation,
fashioning, molding, shaping;
goldsmithery, goldsmithing
‫ مصاغ‬maṣāg jewelry, jewels, gold and
silver articles
‫ صائغ‬ṣā’ig pl. ‫ صياغ‬ṣuyyāg, ‫ صاغة‬ṣāga,
‫ صواغ‬ṣuwwāg goldsmith, jeweler
‫ مصوغات‬maṣūgāt gold and silver
jewelry, goldsmithery, jewelry
2
‫ صاغ‬look up alphabetically
‫ صوف‬ṣūf pl. ‫ اصواف‬aṣwāf wool
‫ صوفي‬ṣūfī of wool, woolen; Islamic
mystic, Sufi
Sufism (Islamic mysticism)
‫ صوفان‬ṣūfān tinder, touchwood, punk
‫ صواف‬ṣawwāf wool merchant
‫ التصوف‬at-taṣawwuf Sufism (Islamic
mysticism), the Sufi way of life;
mysticism
‫ المتصوفة‬al-mutaṣawwifa the Sufis,
members of Sufi communities, mystics
‫ صوفيا‬ṣōfiyā Sofia (capital of Bulgaria)
1
‫)صال )صول‬ṣāla u (ṣaul, ‫ صولة‬ṣaula, ‫صيال‬
ṣiyāl) to spring, jump, leap (‫ على‬on),
out (‫ ھـ‬grain, gold) III to vie, compete (‫ھـ‬
with s.o.)
‫ صولة‬ṣaula pl. -āt attack, assault; force,
tyranny, despotism, arbitrariness
2
‫( صول‬Turk. sol) approx.: sergeant major,
technical sergeant (Eg.) │ ‫صول التعليم‬
approx.: master sergeant; ‫صول التعيين‬
approx.: quartermaster sergeant (mil.)
‫ صولجان‬ṣaulajān pl. ‫ صوالجة‬ṣawāllija staff with
a curved end; polo mallet; scepter, mace
‫ )صام )صوم‬ṣāma u (ṣaum, ‫ صيام‬ṣiyām) to
abstain (‫ عن‬from s.th.); to abstain from
food, drink, and sexual intercourse; to fast
‫ صوم‬ṣaum abstention, abstinence,
abstemiousness; fasting, fast; ‫ الصوم‬fasting
during the month of Ramadan, one of the
five principal duties of the Muslim │
‫ الصوم الكبير‬the Great Fast = Lent (Chr.);
‫‘ عيد صوم الغفران‬īd ṣ. al-gufrān Yom
Kippur, Day of Atonement (Jud.)
‫ صيام‬ṣiyām fasting, fast
‫ صيامي‬ṣiyāmī Lenten fare
‫ صائم‬ṣā’im pl. -ūn, ‫ صوم‬ṣuwwam, ‫صيم‬
ṣuyyam, ‫ صيام‬ṣiyām fasting (adj.); faster,
one who fasts
‫ الصومال‬aṣ-ṣomāl Somaliland
‫ صومالي‬ṣomalī Somali (adj. and n.)
‫ صومعة‬ṣauma‘a see ‫صمع‬
‫ )صان )صون‬ṣāna I (ṣaun, ‫ صيانة‬ṣiyāna) to
preserve, conserve, keep, retain, maintain,
sustain, uphold (‫ ھـ‬s.th.); to maintain (‫ھـ‬
e.g., a machine, an automobile); to
protect, guard, safeguard, keep, save (‫عن‬
‫ ھـ ه‬s.o., s.th. from); to defend (‫ ه‬،‫ عن ھـ‬s.o.,
s.th. against) V to uphold one’s honor, live
chastely, virtuously (woman); to shut o.s.
off; seclude o.s. protect o.s.
‫ صون‬ṣaun, preservation, conservation,
guarding, keeping; susten(ta)tion,
upholding; maintenance, upkeep, care;
531 protection, safeguard(ing), securing,
defense; chastity, respectability │ ‫صاحبة‬
‫ الصون‬honorary title or ladies of high
social standing
‫ صوان‬ṣiwān, ṣuwān pl. ‫ اصونة‬aṣwina
cupboard, case
‫ صوان‬ṣawwan (coll.; n. un. ‫ )ة‬flint;
granite
‫ صواني‬ṣawwānī: ‫( ادوات صوانية‬adawāt)
flint implements
‫ صيانة‬ṣiyāna = ‫ صون‬ṣaun │ ‫ملك الصيانة‬
malak aṣ-ṣ. guardian angel (Chr.)
‫ صائن‬ṣā’in preserver, sustainer,
maintainer, keeper, guardian, protector;
protective
‫ مصون‬maṣūn well-protected, well-kept,
guarded, sheltered; chaste, virtuous
(woman); also an epithet for women
‫ صوة‬ṣūwa pl. ‫ صوى‬ṣuwan stone landmark, trail
mark
‫ صوى‬ṣawā i (ṣuwīy) and ṣawiya a (ṣawan) and
II to dry up, wither, wilt; -- ṣawā to peep,
cheep, squeak, chirp, screech
‫ صيت‬see ‫صوت‬
‫ )صاح )صيح‬ṣāḥa i (ṣaiḥ, ‫ صياح‬ṣiyāḥ) to cry,
yell, shout; to scream, screech; to crow; to
utter, let out (‫ صيحة‬ṣaiḥatan a cry); to call
out (‫ ب‬to s.o.), shout, bellow, bawl (‫ في‬or
‫ على‬at s.o.) II to cry out (loud), roar,
bellow, bawl VI to shout at one another,
call out to one another; to clamor, raise a
din
‫ صيح‬ṣaiḥ crying, clamor
‫ صيحة‬ṣaiḥa (n. vic.) pl. -āt cry, outcry,
shout │ ‫ صيحة الحرب‬ṣ. al-ḥarb battle cry,
war cry; ‫( ارسل صيحات‬arsala) to utter cries;
‫ صاح صيحة‬to utter a cry; ‫ على صيحة‬within
shouting distance; ‫ذھب صيحة في واد‬
(ṣaiḥatan) to die unheard (call)
‫ صياح‬ṣiyāḥ crying, clamor, cry, outcry;
cry of a bird
‫ صياح‬ṣayyāḥ crier, loud-mouthed
person; noisy, clamorous, vociferous,
crying
‫ تصايح‬taṣāyuḥ crying, clamor, roar,
bellow(ing)
1
‫ )صاد )صيد‬ṣāda i (ṣaid) to catch (in a trap),
trap (‫ ھـ‬game); to hunt (‫ ھـ‬game); to hunt
down (‫ ھـ‬game); to catch (‫ ھـ‬fish) V to
hunt for prey; to hunt down (s.th.); to
catch (‫ ھـ‬s.th.); VIII = I │ ‫اصطاد في الماء‬
‫‘( العكر‬akir) to fish in troubled waters
‫ صيد‬ṣaid hunting, hunt; angling, fishing
(also ‫ صيد السمك‬ṣ. as-samak); game,
venison, prey, quarry │ ‫( من صيد خياله‬ṣ.
kayālihī) dreamed up by him, a product of
his fantasy (of a story)
‫ صياد‬ṣayyād pl. -āt hunter; fisher │ ‫صياد‬
‫ السمك‬ṣ. as-samak fisher, fisherman;
kingfisher (zool.)
‫ صيداء‬ṣaidā’ Sidon (city in Lebanon)
 ‫ مصيدة‬miṣyada pl. ‫ مصايد‬maṣāyid2 trap,
snare; net; hunting or fishing implement
‫ مصيدة‬maṣyada pl. ‫ مصايد‬maṣāyid2
fishery, fishing grounds (also ‫)مصيد األسماك‬
2
‫ صاد‬ṣād name or the letter ‫ص‬
‫ صيدلية‬ṣaidalīya apothecary’s trade; pharmacy,
pharmacology
‫ صيدلي‬ṣaidalī pl. ‫ صيادلة‬ṣayādila
pharmacist, druggist, apothecary
‫ صيدالني‬ṣaidalānī pharmacist, druggist,
apothecary
‫ صيدلية‬ṣaidalīya pl. -āt pharmacy;
drugstore
‫ صيدليات‬ṣaidalīyāt drugs, pharmaceutics
‫ )صار )صير‬ṣāra i (ṣair, ‫ صيرورة‬ṣairūra, ‫مصير‬
maṣīr) to become (‫ ھـ‬s.th.); (with foll.
imperf.) to begin, commence, start to ...,
come to ..., get to ..., get into a situation
where ..., get to the point where ...; to set
in, occur, happen, come to pass, 532 take
place; to fall to s.o.’s (‫ )ل‬lot, befall (‫ل‬
s.o.); to betake o.s., come, get (‫ عند‬or ‫الى‬
to); to arrive (‫ الى‬at); to end, wind up (‫الى‬
with), result (‫ الى‬in); ‫ صار به الى‬to lead,
bring s.o. or s.th. to; ‫( يصار الى‬yuṣāru) one
proceeds to ..., one will eventually..., one
will wind up with ... II to induce (‫ ه‬s.o.) to
become (‫ ھـ‬s.th.), make (‫ ھـ ه‬s.o. into s.th.,
out of s.o. s.th.)
‫ صير‬ṣīr crack (of the door); small salted
fish
‫ صيرورة‬ṣairūra (act or process of)
becoming, development; end, outcome,
upshot, result
‫ مصير‬maṣīr development, progress
(e.g., of work); -- (pl. ‫ مصاير‬maṣāyir2)
place at which one arrives; end, outcome,
upshot, issue, result; fate, destiny, lot; life;
see also under ‫ مصر │ تقرير المصير‬self-
determination (pol.); ‫ مصير كل حي‬m. kull
ḥayyin the way of all flesh
‫ تصيير‬taṣyīr cession, transfer (jur.)
‫ صيصية‬ṣīṣiya pl. ‫ صياص‬ṣayāṣin spur of the
rooster
‫ صيغة‬see ‫صوغ‬
‫ )صاف )صيف‬ṣāfa i (ṣaif) to be summery; to
spend the summer, estivate (‫ ھـ‬or ‫ ب‬in) │
‫( صاف الزمان ام شتا‬zamānu am šatā) at all
times, under all circumstances II, V, VIII
=I
‫ صيف‬ṣaif pl. ‫ اصياف‬aṣyāf summer
‫ صيفي‬ṣaifī summery, estival, summer
(adj.) │ ‫ توقيت صيفي‬daylight-saving time
‫ مصيف‬maṣīf pl. ‫ مصايف‬maṣāyif2
summer residence, summer resort; rest
center, holiday camp
‫ اصتياف‬iṣtiyāf summering, summer
vacationing
‫ صائفة‬ṣā’ifa summer(time)
‫ مصطاف‬muṣṭāf summer resort; (pl. -ūn)
vacationist, summer visitor
‫ الصين‬aṣ-ṣīn China; the Chinese │ ‫بالد الصين‬
China
‫ صيني‬Chinese (adj. and n.); porcelain,
china
‫ صينية‬ṣīnīya (syr. ṣēnīya, leb. ṣainīya)
pl. ‫ صواني‬ṣawānī a large, round metal plate
with raised brim, esp. one made of copper,
used as baking tin, serving tray and table
top; turntable, ‫( صينية متحركة‬mutaḥarrika);
pl. chinaware, porcelain vessels
‫ صيوان‬ṣīwān pl. -āt, ‫ صواوين‬ṣawāwīn2 (large)
tent, pavilion, marquce
‫ض‬
‫ ضاد‬ḍād name of the letter ‫ ;ض‬a sound
peculiar to Arabic, hence: ‫ اھل الضاد‬ahl aḍ-
ḍ. the Arabic-speaking peoples, the Arabs;
‫ ابناء الضاد‬do.; ‫ اقطار الضاد‬the Arabic-
speaking countries; ‫ لغة الضاد‬lugat aḍ-ḍ.
the Arabic language
‫ ضؤل‬ḍa’ula u (‫ ضآلة‬ḍa’āla, ‫ ضؤولة‬ḍa’ūla) to be
small, tiny, little, scanty, meager, slight,
sparse, feeble, faint, thin; to diminish,
dwindle, wane, decline, shrink, decrease
VI = I
‫ ضآلة‬ḍa’āla (‫ ضئالة‬ḍi’āla) smallness,
littleness, tininess; minuteness, scantiness,
meagerness, slightness, sparsity, paucity,
feebleness, faintness, thinness; waning,
 dwindling, diminution, decrease;
shrinking, shrinkage; small number
‫ ضؤولة‬ḍa’ūla = ‫ ضآلة‬ḍa’ālah
‫ ضئيل‬ḍa’īl pl. ‫ ضئال‬ḍi’āl, ‫ ضؤالء‬ḍu’alā’2
small, tiny, minute, little, scanty, slight,
meager, sparse, feeble, faint, thin
‫ تضاؤل‬taḍā’ul = ‫ ضآلة‬ḍa’āla
‫ ضامة‬ḍāma checkers
‫ ضأن‬ḍa’n sheep (coll.)
‫ ضأن‬ḍa’nī, ḍānī mutton (meat)
‫ ضائن‬ḍā’in sheep
‫ ضب‬ḍabba i (ḍabb) to take hold (‫ على‬of s.th.);
to keep under lock, put in safekeeping,
guard carefully (‫ على‬s.th.) II = I; to bolt (‫ھـ‬
the door) IV to be foggy (day)
‫ ضب‬ḍabb pl. ‫ ضباب‬ḍabāb, ‫ اضب‬aḍubb,
‫ ضبان‬ḍubbān lizard
‫ ضب‬ḍabb (eg.) front teeth
‫ ضبة‬ḍabba pl. -āt, ‫ ضباب‬ḍibāb door
bolt, latch; wooden lock
‫ ضباب‬ḍadāb fog, mist
‫ ضبر‬ḍabara u to gather, collect, assemble
‫ ضبارة‬ḍabāra, ḍubāra and ‫ اضبارة‬iḍbāra
pl. ‫ اضابر‬aḍābir2 file, dossier
‫ اضبور‬uḍbūr file, dossier
‫ ضبح‬ḍabaḥa a (ḍabḥ) to blacken (‫ ھـ‬s.th., said
of fire); to snort (horse)
‫ ضبط‬ḍabaṭa u (ḍabṭ) to grab, grasp, seize,
catch, apprehend, arrest, detain (‫ ه‬،‫ ھـ‬s.o.,
s.th.), take hold (‫ ه‬،‫ ھـ‬of s.o., of s.th.); to
keep, hold, retain (‫ ھـ‬s.th.); to tackle
resolutely, master, overcome (‫ ھـ‬s.th.),
cope (a with s.th.); to have (‫ ھـ‬s.th.) under
control, have command (‫ ھـ‬over s.th.); to
restrain, hold back, keep down, subdue,
check, curb, control (‫ ه‬،‫ ھـ‬s.o., s.th.); to
seize, distrain, impound, confiscate (a
s.th.); to do (‫ ھـ‬s.th.) accurately, precisely,
meticulously, or well; to render precise,
define precisely (‫ ھـ‬s.th.); to regulate,
adjust (‫ ھـ‬s.th., e.g., techn.); to determine
precisely (‫ كلمة‬kalimatan the spelling and
pronunciation of a word), vowel(ize) (‫ ھـ‬a
word); to observe strictly, keep exactly (a
time); to regulate, settle, put or keep in
order (‫ ھـ‬s.th.); to correct (a s.th.); to enter,
book, record, register (‫ ھـ‬s.th.); to measure
off exactly, measure out (‫ ھـ‬s.th.), take
exactly the right amount, the right
proportion (‫ ھـ‬of) VII to be detained, be
held back, be held up; to be regulated, be
kept in order, be disciplined; to be
determined, be established, etc. (pass. of
ḍabaṭa)
‫ ضبط‬ḍabṭ capture, apprehension,
arrest(ing), detention; restraint,
suppression, subdual, curb(ing),
check(ing); control; seizure, impoundage,
distraint, confiscation; accuracy,
correctness, exactitude, precision;
vowelization; correction, amendment,
settlement; regulation, adjustment of an
apparatus (techn.); (pl. ‫ ضبوط‬ḍubūṭ)
protocol, minutes, procès-verbal; entering,
entry, record, registry; ‫ ضبطا‬ḍabṭan
accurately, exactly, precisely, punctually
│ ‫ بالضبط = ضبطا‬ḍabṭan; ‫ ضبط األراضي‬ḍ. al-
arāḍī cadastral survey; ‫ضبط الحسابات‬
bookkeeping; ‫ ضبط الشھوة‬ḍ. aš-šahwa
abstemiousness, continence; ‫ضبط األمالك‬
‫‘( العقارية‬aqārīya) cadastral survey; ‫ضبط‬
‫ النفس‬self-control, self-command; ‫جھاز‬
‫ الضبط‬jahāz aḍ-ḍ. control apparatus,
controlling device;
‫‘( عار عن الضبط‬ārin) unvowel(iz)ed
‫ ضبطية‬ḍabṭīya police station; police
‫ مضبطة‬maḍbaṭa pl. ‫ مضابط‬maḍābiṯ2
protocol, minutes, procès-verbal
‫ انضباط‬inḍibāṭ discipline │‫لجنة االنضباط‬
lajnat al-inḍ disciplinary board
‫ ضابط‬ḍābiṭ controlling device, control,
governor, regulator (techn.); prepositor
534 entrusted with discipline (in Eg.
schools); (pl. ‫ ضباط‬ḍubbāṭ) officer; (pl.
‫ ضوابط‬ḍawābiṭ2) general rule, canon,
(moral) precept or order │ ‫ ضابط آمر‬senior
officer; ‫ ضابط مأمور‬subaltern officer; ‫ضابط‬
‫ الصف‬ḍ. aṣ-ṣaff pl. ‫ضباط الصف‬
noncommissioned officer; ‫ضابط الصوت‬
ḍābiṭ aṣ-ṣaut volume control (radio);
‫ صف ضابط‬ṣaff ḍ. pl. ‫صف ضباط‬
noncommissioned officer; ‫بغير ضابط وال‬
‫( رادع‬gair) completely unrestrained, out of
all control
‫ ضابطة‬ḍābiṭa police; (pl. ‫ضوابط‬
ḍawābiṭ2) curbing force, order
 ‫ مضبوط‬maḍbūṭ accurate, exact, correct,
right, precise
‫ ضبع‬ḍab‘, ḍabu‘ f. pl. ‫ ضبع‬ḍibā‘, ‫ اضبع‬aḍbu‘
hyena
‫ ضبن‬VIII to take under one’s arm
‫ ضبن‬ḍibn armpit
‫ ضج‬ḍajja i (ḍajj, ‫ ضجيج‬ḍajīj) to be noisy,
boisterous; to clamor, about, raise a hue
and cry IV = I
‫ ضجة‬ḍajja cry, yell, outcry; clamor,
noise, din, row, hubbub, tumult
‫ ضجيج‬ḍajīj cry, yell, outcry; clamor,
noise, din, row, hubbub, tumult
‫ ضجوج‬ḍajūj roaring, bellowing,
screaming, crying
‫ ضجاج‬ḍajjāj violently roaring,
bellowing, screaming, crying, boisterous,
uproarious
‫ ضجر‬ḍajira a (ḍajar) to be angry, annoyed,
irritated, exasperated (‫ من‬or ‫ ب‬at, about);
to be dissatisfied, discontent, displeased (
‫ من‬or ‫ ب‬with); to sorrow, be worried,
uneasy (‫ من‬or ‫ ب‬about), be disquieted,
grieved, troubled (‫ من‬or ‫ ب‬by, over) IV to
anger, vex, irritate, trouble, torment (‫ه‬
s.o.), disquiet, discomfit, aggrieve (‫ ه‬s.o.)
V=I
‫ ضجر‬ḍajar annoyance, irritation,
vexation, anger; dissatisfaction;
discontent, displeasure; sorrow, worry,
grief
‫ ضجر‬ḍajir annoyed, irritated, angry,
vexed; morose, sullen; dissatisfied,
discontent, displeased, uneasy, restless;
worried, grieved, troubled
‫ مضجر‬muḍjir annoying, irritating,
exasperating, irksome, tedious
‫ متضجر‬mutaḍajjir = ‫ ضجر‬ḍajir
‫ ضجع‬ḍaja‘a a (ḍaj‘, ‫ ضجوع‬ḍujū‘) to lie on
one’s side, lie down; to lie, recline, be
prostrate; to sleep III to lie, have sexual
intercourse (‫ ھا‬with a woman) VII = I
VIII (‫ اضطجع‬and ‫ اضجع‬aḍja‘a) = I
‫ ضجعة‬ḍaj‘a (n. vic.) lying position,
lying, recumbency; slumber
‫ ضجع‬ḍuja‘a, ḍuj‘a late riser, slugabed,
sluggard, lazybones; lazy, sluggish, inert
‫ ضجعي‬ḍuj‘ī late riser, slugabed,
sluggard, lazybones; lazy, sluggish, inert
‫ ضجيع‬ḍajī‘ one sharing the bed;
bedfellow; comrade, companion
‫ مضجع‬maḍja‘ pl. ‫ مضاجع‬maḍāji‘ couch,
bed │ ‫ اخذ مضجعه‬he lay down (to sleep);
‫ اقض مضجعه‬aqaḍḍa maḍja‘ahū or ‫اقض عليه‬
‫ المضجع‬or ‫( اقلق مضجعه‬maḍja‘ahū) to
deprive s.o. of sleep
‫ مضاجع‬muḍāji‘ bedfellow
‫ مضطجع‬muḍṭaji‘ couch, bed
‫ ضحضح‬ḍaḥḍaḥa to vibrate, dicker (mirage); to
shatter, break, crush II to vibrate, flicker
(mirage)
‫ ضحضاح‬ḍaḥḍāḥ shallow, shoal, flat
(water)
‫ ضحك‬ḍaḥika a (ḍaḥk, ḍiḥk, ḍaḥik) to
laugh (‫ ب‬or ‫ من‬at, about, over); to jeer,
scoff, jibe (‫ ب‬or ‫ على‬or ‫ من‬at s.o., at s.th.),
deride, ridicule, mock, scorn (‫ ب‬or ‫ على‬or
‫ من‬s.o., s.th.) │ ‫( ضحك بملء شدقيه‬bi-mil’i
535 šidqaihi) or ‫( ضحك ملء شدقه‬mil’a) to
grin from ear to ear; ‫ضحك عن در منضد‬
(durrin munaḍḍadin) (to laugh by
showing stringed pearls, i.e., the teeth), to
show a toothy smile; to grin from ear to
ear; ‫( ضحك على ذقنه‬daqanidī; pl. ‫)على ذقونھم‬
(eg. syr.) to fool s.o., make a fool of s.o.,
pull s.o.’s leg, make fun of s.o., lead s.o.
around by the nose (‫ ب‬with s.th.), put on
an act for s.o.; ‫( ضحك في ذقنه‬daqanihī) to
laugh in s.o.,s face II to make (‫ ه‬s.o.) laugh
III to joke, jest, banter (‫ ه‬with s.o.) IV and
X to make (‫ ه‬s.o.) laugh (‫ من‬about) │ ‫ما‬
‫( يضحك الثكلى‬taklā) (that which makes a
woman who has lost her child laugh =)
irresistibly comical VI to laugh
‫ ضحك‬ḍaḥk, ḍiḥk, ḍaḥik laugh(ing);
laughter
‫ ضحكة‬ḍaḥka (n. vic.) pl. -āt laugh
‫ ضحكة‬ḍuḥka object of ridicule,
laughingstock
‫ ضحوك‬ḍaḥuk frequently, or constantly,
laughing; laugher
 ‫ ضحاك‬ḍaḥḥāk frequently, or constantly,
laughing; laugher; joker, jester, wag,
buffoon
2
‫ اضحوكة‬uḍḥūka pl. ‫ اضاحك‬aḍāhik object
of ridicule, laughingstock; lark, spree,
hoax, practical joke
‫ اضحك‬aḍḥak2 more ridiculous, more
laughable, more ludicrous, funnier, more
comical
‫ مضحكة‬maḍḥaka object of ridicule,
laughingstock
‫ ضاحك‬ḍāḥik pl. ‫ ضواحك‬ḍawāḥik2
laughing │ ‫ ضاحك السن‬ḍ. as-sinn cheerful,
gay, sunny
‫ مضحك‬muḍḥik ridiculous, laughable,
ludicrous, droll, funny, comical;
comedian, buffoon, jester │ ‫قصة تمثيلية‬
‫( مضحكة‬qiṣṣa tamtīlīya) comedy
‫ ضحل‬ḍaḥl shallow, shoal, flat; a shallow, a
shoal
‫ )ضحى‬and ‫ ضحو( ضحا‬ḍaḥā u (ḍaḥw, ḍuḥuw) to
become visible, appear; -- ‫ ضحى‬ḍaḥiya a (
‫ ضحى‬ḍaḥlan) to become visible, appear; to
be struck by the sun’s rays II to sacrifice,
offer up, immolate (‫ ب‬s.th.) │ ‫ ضحى بنفسه‬to
sacrifice o.s.; ‫ ضحى بالنفس والنفس‬to sacrifice
life and property (properly: the soul and
that which is precious) IV to be, become;
with foll. imperf.: to begin, start,
commence, or set about to (do s.th.); to
come to ..., get to ..., get to the point
where ..., get into a situation where ...
‫ ضحوة‬ḍaḥwa pl. ḍaḥawāt forenoon;
morning
‫ ضحى‬ḍuḥan (m. and f.) forenoon │ ‫بين‬
‫‘( عشية وضحاھا‬asīyatin wa-ḍuḥāhā) over
night, from one day to the next, all of a
sudden
‫ ضحية‬ḍaḥīya forenoon; -- (pl. ‫ضحايا‬
ḍaḥāyā) slaughter animal, blood sacrifice,
immolation; victim │ ‫ وقع ضحيته‬or ‫ذھب‬
(ḍaḥīyatahū) to fall victim to, become a
victim of s.th. or s.o.
‫ اضحى‬aḍḥan (coll.; n. un. ‫ اضحاة‬aḍḥāh)
slaughter animal, blood sacrifice,
immolation │ ‫‘ عيد األضحى‬īd al-a. the
Feast of Immolation, or Greater Bairam,
on the 10th of Zu’lhijja; ‫ يوم األضحى‬yaum
al-a. the Day of Immolation, i.e., the 10th
of Zu’lhijja
‫ اضحية‬uḍḥīya pl. ‫ اضاحى‬aḍāhīy2
slaughter animal, blood sacrifice,
immolation
‫ تضحية‬taḍḥiya sacrificing, immolation;
(pl. -āt) sacrifice
‫ ضاح‬ḍāḥin: ‫ ضاح الشمس‬sunlit
‫ ضاحية‬ḍāḥiya pl. ‫ ضواح‬ḍawāḥin
surroundings, vicinity, outskirts; suburb
‫ مضحى‬muḍaḥḥan place where one has
breakfast 536
‫ ضخ‬ḍakka u (ḍakk) to spurt, spout, squirt (‫ھـ‬
water)
‫ مضخة‬miḍakka pl. -āt squirt, spray(er);
pump │ ‫( مضخة جذابة‬jaḍḍāba) suction
pump; ‫ )مضخة الحرائق )الحريق‬fire engine;
‫ مضخة رافعة‬suction pump
‫ ضخم‬ḍakuma u (‫ ضخم‬ḍakāma) to be or become
big, large, bulky, heavy, gross,
voluminous II to inflate, blow up (‫ ھـ‬s.th.)
V to swell, become inflated; to expand,
distend
‫ ضخم‬ḍakm pl. ḍikām big, large, sizable,
great (also of a name, of prestige); bulky,
gross; heavy, voluminous, huge, vast,
ample, colossal; stout, corpulent, plump,
buxom; magnificent, splendid, gorgeous,
luxurious, pompous │ ‫المدفعية الضخمة‬
(midfa‘īya) heavy artillery
‫ ضخامة‬ḍakāma bigness, largeness,
greatness; bulkiness, grossness; heaviness;
volume, voluminosity; stoutness,
plumpness, corpulence, obesity; pomp,
splendor
‫ تضخيم‬taḍkīm inflating
‫ ضخم‬taḍakkum inflation; swelling,
expansion, dilation, distention; (monetary)
inflation, also (‫( نقدي( تضخم مالي‬naqdī) │
‫ تضخم الطحال‬distention of the spleen (med.)
‫ مضخم‬muḍakkim pl. -āt amplifier │
‫ مضخم الصوت‬m. aṣ-ṣaut loud-speaker
‫ ضد‬III to be contrary, opposed, contrasting,
antagonistic, inverse; to act, set o.s. (‫ ه‬،‫ھـ‬
against), antagonize (‫ ه‬s.o.), contravene,
violate (‫ ھـ‬s.th.), be opposed (‫ ه‬،‫ ھـ‬to), be
contradictory (‫ ھـ‬to s.th.), act contrary to
 s.o. or s.th. (‫ ه‬،‫ )ھـ‬VI to be opposed to each
other, be contradictory, contradict one
another
‫ ضد‬ḍidd pl. ‫ اضداد‬aḍdād an opposite, a
contrary, contrast; word with two opposite
meanings; adversary, opponent; antitoxin,
antidote, anti- (in compounds); ‫ ضدة‬ḍidda
(prep.) against │ ‫ كان على الضد‬to do or
think the opposite, take an opposite stand
‫ ضدية‬ḍiddiīya contrariness,
oppositeness, opposition; enmity,
hostility, animosity
‫ مضادة‬muḍādda contrast, opposite,
contradiction
‫ تضاد‬taḍādd contrast, opposite,
contradiction
‫ مضاد‬muḍādd opposed, opposite,
contrary, counter-, contra-, anti- (in
compounds); pl. ‫ مضادات‬antidotes │
‫( مضادات للحبل‬ḥabal) contraceptives;
‫( مضادات حشرية‬ḥašarīya) insecticides;
‫( مضادات للفساد‬li-l-fasād) antiseptics
‫ متضاد‬mutaḍādd contrary, opposite
‫ ضر‬ḍarra u (ḍarr) to harm, impair, prejudice,
damage, hurt, injure (‫ ه‬،‫ ھـ‬s.o., s.th.), do
harm, be harmful, noxious or injurious (،‫ھـ‬
‫ ه‬to s.o., to s.th.) II to damage, harm,
prejudice III = I; IV = │ (‫ ب‬or ‫ ه‬،‫ ;)ھـ‬to
force, compel, coerce, oblige (‫ ه على‬s.o.
to); to do violence (‫ ه‬to s.o.), bring
pressure to bear (‫ ه‬on); to add a second
wife to one'. household V to be damaged,
harmed, impaired, prejudiced, hurt, or
injured; to suffer damage or loss; to
complain (‫ من‬of, about) VII to be
damaged, harmed, impaired, prejudiced,
hurt, or injured; to suffer damage or loss
VIII to force, compel, coerce, oblige (‫ه‬
s.o., ‫ الى‬to); -- pass. uḍṭurra to be forced,
compelled, obliged (‫ الى‬to); to be in an
emergency or predicament, be hard
pressed; to be in need (‫ الى‬of s.th.) need,
want (‫ الى‬s.th.)
‫ ضر‬ḍurr, ḍarr damage, harm,
impairment, prejudice, detriment, injury,
hurt; loss, disadvantage
‫ ضر‬ḍirr, ḍurr addition of a second wife
to one’s household 537
‫ ضرة‬ḍarra pl. -āt, ‫ ضرائر‬ḍarā’ir2 wife
other than the first of a plural marriage;
udder
‫ ضرر‬ḍarar pl. ‫ اضرار‬aḍrār harm,
damage, detriment; loss, disadvantage │ ‫ما‬
‫ الضرر‬what does it matter? what’s the
harm of it? ‫ اخف الضررين‬akaff aḍ-ḍ the
lesser of the two evils
‫ ضراء‬ḍarrā’ distress, adversity │ ‫في‬
‫( السراء والضراء‬sarrā’) in good and bad
days, for better or for worse
‫ ضرير‬ḍarīr blind
‫ ضرورة‬ḍarūra pl. -āt necessity, stress,
constraint, need; distress, plight,
emergency, want, austerity; ḍarūratan
necessarily │ ‫ بالضرورة‬necessarily; ‫عند‬
‫ الضرورة‬in case of need, if need. be, when
necessary; ‫( للضرورة القصوى‬quṣwā) in case
of dire necessity, if worst comes to worst;
‫ للضرورة احكام‬and ‫الضرورة تبيح المحظورات‬
(tubīḥu) necessity knows no laws
‫ ضروري‬ḍarūrī necessary, imperative,
requisite, indispensable, inevitable; pl.
‫ ضروريات‬ḍarūrīyāt necessaries, necessities
│ ‫ كان من الضروري‬to be necessary;
‫ ضروريات الحياة‬ḍ. al-ḥayāh necessities of
life; ‫ ضروريات األحوال‬exigencies,
requirements of the situation
‫ مضرة‬maḍarra pl. -āt, ‫ مضار‬maḍārr2
harm, damage, detriment, loss,
disadvantage ‫ على‬for)
‫ اضطرار‬iḍtirār compulsion, coercion;
necessity, exigency, requirement; plight,
predicament, emergency │ ‫ عند االضطرار‬in
case of emergency
‫ اضطرارى‬iḍṭirārī coercive, compulsory,
inevitable, necessary, obligatory
‫ ضار‬ḍārr harmful, injurious,
detrimental, noxious, disadvantageous
‫ مضر‬muḍirr harmful, injurious,
detrimental, noxious, disadvantageous (‫ب‬
to, for)
‫ مضطر‬muḍṭarr forced, compelled,
obliged (‫ الى‬to); poor, destitute; wanting (
‫ الى‬s.th.), in need (‫ الى‬of s.th.)
‫ ضرب‬ḍaraba i (ḍarb) to boat, strike, hit
(‫ ه‬s.o., ‫ ھـ‬s.th., ‫ ب‬with; ‫ على ب‬with s.th. on;
‫ على ه‬s.o. on); to shoot, fire (‫ ه‬،‫ ھـ‬at s.o., at
s.th.), shell, bombard (‫ ه‬،‫ ھـ‬s.o., s.th.); to
play (‫ على‬،‫ ھـ‬a musical instrument); to
make music; to type (on a typewriter); to
sting (scorpion); to separate, part (‫بين‬
people); to impose (‫ ھـ على‬on s.o. s.th.);
‫ ضرب عن‬to turn away from, leave, forsake,
abandon, avoid, or shun s.o. or s.th.; --
(ḍarb, ‫ ضربان‬ḍarabān) to pulsate,
palpitate, throb, boat (vein, heart); to ache
(violently), hurt (wound, tooth); to move,
stir; to rove, roam about, travel (‫ في‬in,
through), loiter, stroll (in streets); to cruise
(ship); to migrate (bird); to incline (‫ الى‬to a
color), shade (‫ الى‬into a color); -- (‫ضراب‬
ḍirāb) to cover, mount (‫ ھا‬the camel mare)
│ ‫( ضرب له اجال‬ajalan) to fix a date for
s.o.; ‫( ضرب األرز‬aruzza) to hull rice; ‫ضرب‬
‫( في األرض‬arḍ) to travel; ‫ضرب بوية على‬
(bōya) to paint or daub s.th.; ‫ ضرب الباب‬to
knock on the door; ‫( ضرب الجرس‬jaras) to
ring the bell; ‫( ضرب حقنا‬ḥaqnan) to
administer a syringe, give an injection;
‫( ضرب خطا‬kaṭṭan) to draw a line; ‫ضرب‬
‫( أخماسا ألسداس‬li-asdāsin) and ‫ضرب اخماسه‬
‫ في اسداسه‬to brood, rack one’s brain in
order to find a way out; to be at one’s
wit’s end; to intrigue, scheme; to build air
castles; to daydream; ‫ضرب خيمة‬
(kaimatan) to pitch a tent; ‫ضرب الرقم القياسي‬
(raqma, qiyāsīya) to break a record; ‫ضرب‬
‫( السالم‬salām) to give a military salute;
‫ ضرب ضريبة‬to impose a tax (‫ على‬on s.o.);
‫( ضرب اطنابه في‬aṭnābahū) to take root,
prevail (at a place); ‫ ضرب اطنابه على‬to
settle down, take up permanent residence
in a place; ‫( ضرب طوبا‬ṭūban) to make
brick; ‫‘( ضرب عددا في آخر‬adadan fī ākara)
to multiply a number 538 by another;
‫‘ ضرب عنقه‬unuqahū) to behead, decapitate
s.o., have s.o.’s head cut off; ‫ضرب قالبه‬
(qāllabahū) to imitate s.th.; ‫ضرب كفا‬
(kaffan) to slap s.o.’s face; ‫ضرب مثال لـ‬
(matalan) to apply a proverb to; ‫ضرب له‬
‫( مثال‬matalan) to give s.o. an example,
point out a model for s.o.; ‫ ضرب مثال‬to
give an example; to quote as an example (
‫ ھـ لـ‬or ‫ ب على‬s.th. for); ‫ ضرب األمثال‬to
impart words of wisdom, point out
morals; ‫ ضرب نقودا‬to mint money; ‫ضرب‬
‫( موعدا‬mau‘idan) to agree on time or place
of a meeting, make an appointment; ‫ضرب‬
‫( )الى الحمرة )الى الصفرة‬ḥumra, ṣafra) to
shade into red (into yellow); ‫ضرب به األرض‬
(arḍ) to throw s.o. or s.th. to the ground;
‫( ضرب في الخيال‬kayāl) to be in the clouds,
be unrealistic; to want the impossible;
‫( ضرب برأسه على صدره‬bi-ra’sihī ‘alā
ṣadrihī) to let one’s head sink to the chest;
‫( ضرب بسھم مصيب في‬bi-sahmin muṣībin) to
take an active part in; ‫ضرب بسھم ونصيب في‬
(wa-naṣībin) to participate in, share s.th.;
‫( ضرب فيه بعرق‬bi-‘irq) do.; ‫ضرب به عرض‬
‫‘( الحائط‬urda l-ḥ.) not to give a hoot for
s.th.; to disdain, despise, reject s.th.; to
throw s.th. overboard, jettison s.th.; ‫ضرب‬
‫( بنظره الى‬naẓarihī) to turn one’s glance to;
‫( ضرب بوجه صاحبه‬bi-wajhihī ṣāḥibihī) to
boomerang, fall back on the originator;
‫( ضرب على كلمة‬kalima) to efface, strike, or
erase, a word; ‫( ضرب عنه صفحا‬ṣafḥan) to
turn away s.o. or s.th.; to disregard, ignore
s.o. or s.th., pay no attention to, pass over
s.o. or s.th.; ‫ ضرب في حديد بريد‬to take futile
steps; to beat the air; ‫ضرب لنفسه سبعة ايام‬
(sab’ata ayyamin) he decided to stay
seven days; ‫( ضرب بين وبينه األيام‬ayyām) fate
separated me from him,
drew us apart II to mix, blend (‫ھـ ب‬
s.th. with); to sow dissension, cause
trouble (‫ بين‬among); to quilt (‫ ھـ‬a fabric)
III to contend, vie, fight (‫ ھـ‬with s.o.); to
speculate IV to turn away (‫ عن‬from),
leave, abandon, forsake, desert, avoid,
shun (‫ عن‬s.o., s.th.); to remain, stay, abide
(‫ في‬in) │ ‫( اضرب جأشا لـ‬ja’šan) to be
prepared for s.th., make up one’s mind to
take s.th. upon o.s.; ‫اضرب صفحا عن‬
(ṣafḥan) to desist, abstain from; ‫اضرب عن‬
‫‘( العمل‬amal) to stop work, to strike; ‫اضرب‬
‫( عن الطعام‬ṭa‘ām) to go, on a hunger strike
VI to come to blows, brawl, fight, strike
one another; to be divided, differ, conflict,
clash, be contradictory (opinions, and the
like) VIII to clash, surge, lap (waves); to
be set, or get, into a state of unrest,
turmoil, excitement, commotion, tumult,
agitation, be or become agitated, troubled;
to be in a lively stir, move about, bustle,
hustle, romp; to sway, reel, waver; to be
or become disturbed, unsettled,
disorganized, disarranged, disordered,
confused, entangled, upset, restless,
uneasy, or anxious; to tremble, shake
‫ ضرب‬ḍarb beating, striking, hitting,
rapping; shooting, shelling, gunning,
bombing, bombardment; multiplication;
coining, formation; minting (of money); --
(pl. ‫ ضروب‬ḍurūb) kind, sort, specimen,
species, variety; last foot of the second
hemistich; (pl. ‫ اضراب‬aḍrāb) similar, like
│ ‫ ضربخانة‬and ‫( دار الضرب‬money) mint;
‫ ضرب الرمل‬ḍ. ar-raml geomancy; ‫ضرب النار‬
shooting, tiring, shelling, gunning,
bombardment; ‫ وضع السالح تحت الضرب‬to
level a weapon, bold a weapon ready to
fire; ‫ ھو واضرابه‬he and the likes of him
‫ ضربة‬ḍarba (n. vic.) pl. ḍarabāt blow,
knock, punch; thrust, push, jolt, shock;
stroke, lash; shot; plague, affliction, trial,
tribulation, punishment │ ‫ ضربة الشمس‬ḍ.
aš-šams sunstroke, heatstroke; ‫ضربة قاضية‬
(qāḍiya) fatal blow, deathblow (‫ على‬for);
‫ ضربة جزاء‬ḍ. jazā’ penalty kick (in soccer)
539
‫ ضراب‬ḍirāb copulation (of a female
animal)
‫ ضريب‬ḍarīb beaten, struck, smitten, bit;
similar, like │ ‫ ضريب للشيخ فالن‬one of the
caliber of Sheik So-and-So
‫ ضريبة‬ḍarība pl. ‫ ضرائب‬ḍarāib2
imposition, impost; levy, tax, duty;
character, nature │ ‫ ضريبة الدخل‬ḍ. ad-dakl
income tax; ‫ ضريبة كسب العمل‬ḍ. kasb
al-‘amal wage tax; ‫ ضريبة المالھى‬ḍ. al-
malāhī admission tax, entertainment tax
‫ مضرب‬maḍrib pl. ‫ مضارب‬madārib2
camp site; camp; place, spot, locality;
way, path; large tent, marquee │ ‫كان‬
‫( )مضرب المثل )األمثال‬m. al-maṭal) to be
proverbial, be exemplary, be unique, be
cited as an example; ‫ مضارب ارز‬m. aruzz
rice-hulling facilities
‫ مضرب‬miḍrab pl. ‫ مضارب‬maḍārib2
large tent, marquee, pavilion; bat, mallet;
racket (tennis, etc.); whisk, beater (e.g.,
for eggs); swatter, flyswatter; piano
‫ مضراب‬miḍrāb bat, mallet, racket (ball
games, tennis)
‫ مضاربة‬muḍāraba pl. -āt speculation
(stock exchange); silent partnership (Isl.
Law), limited partnership, partnership in
commendam
‫ اضراب‬iḍrāb pl. -āt strike
‫ تضارب‬taḍārub opposition,
contradiction, inconsistency, discrepancy,
incompatibility, conflict, clash (of
opinions, and the like)
‫ ضرب‬idṭirāb pl. -āt disturbance,
disorder, disarray; confusion, muddle,
perturbation; disorganization, disruption,
upset, derangement; trouble, commotion,
unrest, riot (also pol.); restlessness,
restiveness │ ‫‘( اضطرابات عصبية‬aṣabīya)
nervous disorders
‫ ضوارب‬ḍawārib2 pl. of ‫ ضارب‬ḍārib
besting, striking, etc. │ ‫ العروق الضوارب‬the
arteries; ‫( طير ضوارب‬ṭair) migratory birds
‫ مضروب‬maḍrūb appointed, agreed
upon, fixed, determined (time, date,
place); multiplicand (math.) │ ‫مضروب فيه‬
multiplier (math.)
‫ مضربة‬muḍarraba quilt, comforter
‫ مضارب‬muḍārib pl. -ūn speculator
‫ متضارب‬mutaḍārib conflicting,
irreconcilable, incompatible, divided
(opinions, and the like); contradictory,
discrepant, inconsistent
‫ مضطرب‬muḍṭarib disturbed, disordered,
disarrayed, unsettled; confused, muddled,
perturbed; upset, disrupted, disorganized,
deranged; uneasy, restive, agitated,
excited, anxious; weak, insufficiently
supported (tradition)
‫ مضطرب‬muḍtarab playground (fig.)
‫ ضربخان‬see ‫ ضرب‬ḍarb
‫ ضرج‬ḍaraja u (ḍarj) to spot, stain, befleck,
smear (‫ ھـ بالدم‬s.th. with blood) II = I V to
redden, be or become red
‫ مضرج‬muḍaraj: ‫ مضرج اليدين‬m. al-
yadain with bloodstained hands; (caught)
red-handed, in the act
‫ ضريح‬ḍarīḥ pl. ‫ ضرائح‬darā’iḥ2, ‫ اضرحة‬aḍriḥa
grave, tomb; mausoleum
‫ ضرس‬ḍarasa i (ḍars) to bite firmly or fiercely
(‫ ھـ‬s.th.); -- darisa a (daras) to be dull (
‫ األسنان‬the teeth from acid food and drink)
‫ ضرس‬ḍirs pl. ‫ اضراس‬aḍrās, ‫ضروس‬
ḍurūs molar tooth │ ‫ ضرس العقل‬ḍ. al-‘aql
wisdom tooth 540
 ‫ حرب ضروس‬ḥarb ḍarūs fierce,
murderous war
‫ تضاريس‬taḍārīs2: ‫ تضاريس األرض‬t. al-arḍ
elevations, undulations of the ground;
‫ تضاريس الوجه‬t. al-wajh wrinkles of the face
‫ ضرط‬ḍaraṭ i (ḍarṭ, ‫ ضريط‬ḍarīṭ, ‫ ضراط‬ḍurāṭ) to
break wind
‫ ضرط‬ḍarṭ (n. un ‫ )ة‬wind, fart
‫ ضراط‬ḍurāṭ wind, fart
‫ ضرع‬ḍara‘a a, ḍaru‘a u (‫ ضرعة‬ḍarā‘a) and
ḍarā‘a a (ḍarā‘a) to be humble,
submissive (‫ الى‬toward s.o.), humiliate
o.s., abase o.s. (‫ الى‬before); to implore,
beg, beseech, entreat (‫ الى‬s.o.) III to be
similar, be equal (‫ ه‬،‫ ھـ‬to s.o., to s.th.), be
like s.o. or s.th. (‫ ه‬،‫)ھـ‬, resemble (‫ ه‬،‫ ھـ‬s.o.,
s.th.) V and VIII to humiliate o.s., abase
o.s. (‫ الى‬before); to implore, beg, beseech,
entreat (‫ الى‬s.o.)
‫ ضرع‬ḍar‘ pl. ‫ ضروع‬ḍurū‘, ‫ ضراع‬ḍirā‘
udder, teat │ ‫( الزرع والضرع‬zar‘)
agriculture and stock farming
‫ ضرع‬ḍir‘ like, alike, similar
‫ ضراعة‬ḍarā‘a submissiveness,
humbleness; imploring, begging, entreaty,
supplication
‫ مضارعة‬muḍāra‘a likeness, similarity,
resemblance
‫ تضرع‬taḍarru‘ imploring, begging,
entreaty, supplication
‫ ضارع‬ḍāri‘ frail (of a person)
‫ مضارع‬muḍāri‘ like, alike, similar;
(gram.) imperfect
‫ ضرغم‬ḍargam pl. ‫ ضراغم‬ḍarāgim2 lion
‫ ضرغام‬ḍirgām pl. ‫ ضراغمة‬ḍarāgima lion
‫ ضرم‬ḍarama a (ḍaram) to catch fire, be on
fire, burn, flare, blaze; to break out, flare
up (war) II to kindle, light (‫ ھـ‬fire) │ ‫ضرم‬
‫ النار في‬to set s.th. on fire, set fire to s.th.
IV = II; V to burn, flare, flame, be ablaze
(also of emotions, of passion) VIII = I
‫ ضرام‬ḍirām burning, blaze, flare; fire,
conflagration
‫ اضطرام‬iḍṭirām burning, flare, blaze;
fire, conflagration
‫ مضطرم‬muḍṭarim burning, flaming, on
fire
‫ ضرو‬II to set (‫ ھـ ب‬a dog on game); to provoke
(‫ ه‬s.o.) to a fight (‫ ب‬with)
‫ ضرو‬ḍirw pl. ‫ اضر‬aḍrin, ‫ ضراء‬ḍirā’
hound, hunting dog
‫ ضراوة‬ḍarāwa greed, voracity
‫ ضار‬ḍārin voracious, ferocious, savage,
rapacious; (pl. ‫ ضوار‬ḍawārin) beast of
prey, predatory animal
‫ ضعضع‬ḍa‘ḍa‘a to tear down, demolish, raze,
ruin, undermine, weaken (‫ ھـ‬s.th.) II
taḍa‘ḍa‘a to decline, decay, become
dilapidated, perish; to become weak or
weaker, wane; to dissolve, fall apart
(organization)
‫ ضعضعة‬ḍa‘ḍa‘a demolition, razing;
sapping, undermining; debility, frailty,
feebleness │ ‫ ضعضعة الكبر‬ḍ. al-kibar
senility, dotage
‫ متضعضع‬mutaḍa‘ḍi‘ dilapidated,
decayed; weakened, debilitated; weak,
frail, feeble; submissive, humble
‫ ضعف‬ḍa‘ufa u (ḍu‘f) to be or become
weak, weakly, feeble, frail, delicate,
debilitated, impotent, languid, flabby, or
slack; to become weaker, wane, decrease,
diminish, abate, be attenuated; to be too
weak (‫ عن‬for s.th.) IV to weaken,
enfeeble, debilitate (‫ من‬or ‫ ه‬,‫ ھـ‬s.o., s.th.) X
to deem (‫ ه‬s.o.) weak; to behave
arrogantly (‫ ه‬toward s.o.) 541
‫ ضعف‬ḍ‘uf, ḍa‘f weakness, feebleness,
frailty; weakening, enfeeblement,
debilitation │ ‫ ضعف اإلرادة‬weakness of
will; ‫‘( الضعف العصبي‬aṣabī) neurasthenia,
nervous debility; ‫ ضعف التناسل‬ḍ. at-tanāsul
sexual impotence
‫ ضعيف‬ḍa‘īf pl. m. ‫ ضعفاء‬ḍu‘afā’2, ‫ضعاف‬
ḍi‘āf, ‫ ضعفة‬ḍa‘afa, pl. f. ‫ ضعائف‬ḍa‘ā’if2
weak, feeble; frail, weakly, delicate,
debilitated, impotent, languid, flabby,
slack; deficient (as a school-report mark)
│ ‫ ضعيف اإلرادة‬weak-willed; ‫ ضعيف العقل‬ḍ.
al-‘aql dim-witted, feeble-minded; ‫ضعيف‬
‫ القلب‬ḍ. al-qalb weak-spirited,
pusillanimous, meek, faint-hearted,
despondent, cowardly; ‫ ھذا الضعيف‬my own
 insignificant self, I (as an expression of
modesty)
‫ اضعاف‬iḍ‘āf weakening, enfeeblement,
debilitation; impairment
‫ مستضعف‬mustaḍ‘af deemed weak;
weak; oppressed, miserable
2
‫ ضعف‬II to double, redouble (‫ ھـ‬s.th.); to
multiply, compound (‫ ھـ‬s.th.) III do. (‫ من‬or
‫ ھـ‬s.th.) VI to be doubled, be compounded,
be multiplied
‫ ضعف‬pl. ḍi‘f pl. ‫ اضعاف‬aḍ‘āf double,
that which is twice as much; a multiple,
that which is several times as much, (after
numerals) -fold; fold of a garment; pl.
interstice, space │ ‫ مئة ضعفه‬mi’atu ḍi‘fihī a
hundred times as much, the hundredfold
of it; ‫ ثالثة اضعافه‬talātatu aḍ‘āfihī thrice as
much, the threefold of it; ‫ اضعاف اضعافه‬a.
aḍ‘āfihī many times as much, e.g. ‫فاق ھذا‬
‫) المبلغ مرتبه اضعاف اضعافه‬mablagu
murattabahū aḍ‘āfa a.) this amount was
many times as much as his salary; ‫اضعافا‬
‫ مضاعفة‬aḍ‘āfan muḍā‘afatan many times,
a hundred-fold
‫ تضاعيف‬taḍā‘īf2 contents, text (of a
piece of writing); folds; space between the
lines; (as an expletive after ‫في( في تضاعيفه‬
within it, therein contained
‫ مضاعفة‬muḍā‘afa doubling,
compounding, multiplying; pl. -āt
complications (of a disease)
‫ تضاعف‬taḍā‘uf doubling, multiplying
‫ مضعف‬muḍa‘‘af twofold, double;
multiplied, compounded, increased many
times
‫ مضاعف‬muḍā‘af twofold, double;
multiplied, compounded, increased many
times; see also ḍi‘f
‫ ضعة‬ḍa‘a, ḍi‘a see ‫وضع‬
‫ ضغث‬ḍagata a (ḍagt) to confuse, muddle, mix
up (‫ ھـ‬a story)
‫ ضغث‬lIiM pl. ‫ اضغاث‬aḍgāt bunch,
bouquet; mixture, muddle, jumble, maze
│ ‫ اضغاث األحالم‬confused dreams; ‫زاد ضغثا‬
‫( على ابالة‬ibāla) to make a thing worse
‫ ضغط‬ḍagaṭa a (ḍagṭ) to press, squeeze (‫ ه‬,‫ھـ‬
s.o., s.th.); to compress (‫ ھـ‬air); to exert
pressure (‫ على‬on); to oppress, suppress (
‫ على‬s.o., s.th.), beer down heavily (‫على‬
upon) VII to be pressed, be squeezed, be
compressed
‫ ضغط‬ḍagṭ pressure; emphasis, stress;
oppression, suppression; voltage, tension
(el.) │ ‫( الضغط الجوي‬jawwī) atmospheric
pressure; ‫ ضغط الدم‬ḍ. ad-dam and ‫الضغط‬
‫( الدموي‬damawī) blood pressure; ‫ضغط الھواء‬
ḍ. al-hawā’ air pressure; ‫تحت ضغط الرأي‬
‫( العام‬ḍ. ar-ra’y al-‘āmm) under the
pressure of public opinion
‫ ضغطة‬ḍagṭa (n. vic.) pressure
O ‫ ضغوطية‬ḍugūṭīya (wind) pressure
‫ ضاغوط‬ḍāgūṭ nightmare
O ‫ مضاغط‬madāgiṭ2: ‫مضاغط ھوائية‬
(hawā’īya) compressors
‫ تضاغط‬taḍāguṭ compression (phys.; as
opposed to ‫ تخلخل‬takalkul) 542
‫ انضغاط‬inḍigāṭ compressibility
‫ ضاغط‬ḍāgiṭ: ‫ آلة ضاغطة‬compressor
‫ مضغوط‬madgūṭ: ‫( ھواء مضغوط‬hawā’)
compressed air
‫ ضغن‬ḍagina a (ḍagan) to bear a grudge,
harbor (secret) hatred (‫ على‬against), recent
(‫ على‬s.o.) VI to harbor a grudge against
one another
‫ ضغن‬ḍign pl. ‫ اضغان‬aḍgān rancor,
spite, grudge, malice, malevolence, ill
will, (secret) hatred
‫ ضغن‬ḍagin malicious, malevolent,
rancorous, spiteful, resentful
‫ ضغينة‬ḍagīna pl. ‫ ضغائن‬ḍagā’in2 rancor,
spite, grudge, malice, malevolence, ill-
will, (secret) hatred
‫ ضفة‬ḍiffa crowd, throng, jam (of people)
‫ ضفة‬ḍiffa, ḍaffa pl. ‫ ضفاف‬ḍifāf bank,
share; coast
‫ ضفف‬ḍafaf poverty, destitution
‫ ضفدع‬ḍifdi‘, ḍafda‘ pl. ‫ ضفادع‬ḍafādi‘2 frog │ O
‫( ضفدع بشري‬bašarī) frogman (mil.)
‫ ضفر‬ḍafara i (ḍafr) to braid, plait (‫ ھـ‬hair),
interweave, interlace, intertwine (‫ ھـ‬s.th.);
to twine (‫ ھـ‬a rope) II = I; III to help,
assist, aid (‫ ه‬s.o.) VI to help one another (
‫ على‬to do s.th.); to be tightly interwoven,
 be tied up, be closely connected (‫ مع‬with);
to be connected (evidence)
‫ ضفر‬ḍafr pl. ‫ ضفور‬ḍufūr (saddle) girth
‫ ضفار‬ḍafār pl. ‫ ضفر‬ḍufur (saddle) girth
‫ ضلع‬ḍala‘a a (ḍal‘) with ‫مع‬: to aide with s.o.,
‫ ضفيرة‬ḍafīra pl. ‫ اضفار‬ḍafā’ir2 plait;
braid, tress, pigtail; plaitwork, wicker-
work; galloon, lace; strand, hank, skein;
plexus (anat.)
‫ )ضفا )ضفو‬dafā u (ḍafw) to be abundant,
copious; to flow over IV to allot
generouely (‫ على ھـ‬s.th. to); to grant, award
(‫ على ھـ‬s.th. to); to let s.o. or s.th. (‫)على‬
have (‫ ھـ‬s.th.); to fill (‫ ھـ على‬s.th. with); to
wrap, envelope (‫ على‬s.th., ‫ ھـ‬with), spread
(‫ على ھـ‬s.th. over)
‫ ضفوة‬ḍafwa: ‫ ضفوة العيش‬ḍ. al-‘aiš an
easy, comfortable life
‫ ضاف‬ḍāfin abundant, copious, ample;
detailed, elaborate, extensive
‫ ضل‬ḍalla i (‫ ضالل‬ḍalāl, ‫ ضاللة‬ḍalāla) to lose
one’s way, go astray; to stray (‫ عن‬or ‫ھـ‬
from the way); to err │ ‫( ضل سعيه‬sa‘yuhū)
his effort was in vain II to mislead, lead
astray, misguide (‫ ه‬s.o.); to delude,
deceive (‫ ه‬s.o.) │ ‫ ضل نفسه‬to delude o.s. IV
= II; to make (‫ ه‬s.o.) lose his way (‫ ;)ھـ‬to
let (‫ )ھـ‬s.th. get lost
‫ ضل‬ḍull error
‫ ضالل‬ḍalāl a straying from the right
path or from truth; error │ O ‫ضالل األلوان‬
color blindness, dichromatism
‫ ضاللة‬ḍalāla error
‫ اضلولة‬uḍlūla pl. ‫ اضاليل‬aḍālīl2 error
‫ مضلة‬maḍalla occasion, or possibility,
of going astray
‫ تضليل‬taḍlīl misleading, misguidance,
delusion, deception
‫ اضالل‬iḍlāl misleading, misguidance,
delusion, deception
‫ ضال‬ḍāll pl. ‫ ضوال‬ḍawāll straying,
roaming, wandering; astray, lost;
erroneous, false
‫ ضالة‬ḍālla goal of persistent search,
‫ ضم‬ḍamma u (ḍamm) to bring together, join,
object of a long-cherished wish │ ‫ضالة‬
draw together, contract (‫ ھـ‬s.th.); to add
‫ منشودة‬do.
(up), sum up (‫ ھـ‬s.th.); to gather, collect,
reap, harvest (‫ ھـ‬s.th.); to unite, bring
‫ مضلل‬muḍallil misleading, misguiding,
deceptive, delusive, fallacious
‫ مضل‬muḍill misleading, misguiding,
deceptive, delusive, fallacious
make common cause with s.o.; -- ḍalu‘a u
(‫ ضالعة‬ḍalā‘a) to be otrong, sturdy, 543
robust; -- ḍalī‘a a (ḍala‘) to be crooked,
bent, curved, to curve II to crook, bend,
curve (‫ ھـ‬s.th.) V to be jammed, crammed
(‫ من‬with); to be versed, skilled, proficient,
knowledgeable (‫ من‬in), be conversant, be
thoroughly familiar or acquainted (‫من‬
with), be at home (‫ من‬in a field of
knowledge) VIII to be versed, skilled,
proficient (‫ ب‬in), be thoroughly familiar
or acquainted, be conversant (‫ ب‬with); to
assume, take over, take upon o.s. (‫ ب‬s.th.,
a task, financial expenses, a job, and the
like) X to be versed, skilled, proficient (‫من‬
in), be thoroughly familiar or acquainted,
be conversant (‫ من‬with)
‫ ضلع‬ḍal‘ affection, attachment │ ‫ضلعه‬
‫ معه‬he sympathized with him, he is on his
aide
‫ ضلع‬ḍil‘, ḍilā‘ pl. ‫ ضلوع‬ḍulū‘, ‫اضالع‬
aḍlā‘, ‫ اضلع‬aḍlu‘ rib; cutlet, chop; side (of
a triangle); ‫ األضالع‬the chest, the breast │
‫ ضلع البرميل‬ḍ. al-birmīl barrel stave; ‫متساوى‬
‫ األضالع‬mutasāwī l-a. equilateral (geom.);
‫ كان له ضلع في األمر‬he had s.th. to do with
the matter, he had a hand in it, he played a
role in the affair
‫ ضليع‬ḍalī‘ strong, sturdy;
knowledgeable, experienced, skilled
‫ ضالعة‬ḍalā‘a strength, sturdiness,
robustness (of the body)
‫ مضلع‬muḍalla‘ ribbed; polygonal; (pl.
-āt polygon │ ‫ صاج مضلع‬corrugated iron
‫ متضلع‬mutaḍalli‘ versed, skilled,
proficient (‫ من‬in), thoroughly familiar,
conversant (‫ من‬with); expert (‫ من‬in)
‫( ضلمه‬Turk. dolma) ḍolma stuffed food
(e.g., eggplants stuffed with meat and
rice)
 together (‫ ھم‬persons); to embrace, hug (‫ه‬
s.o.); to join, subjoin, annex (‫ الى ھـ‬s.th.
to), add, attach (‫ ه‬,‫ الى ھـ‬s.o., s.th. to), unite
(‫ ه‬,‫ الى ھـ‬s.o. , s.th. with); to combine
(within o.s. different things); to close,
compress (‫ ھـ‬the lips); to grasp, grip, grab,
seize (‫ على‬s.o., s.th.); to get (‫ ه‬s.o.) into a
predicament (said of fate); to pronounce
with the vowel u (‫ ھـ‬a consonant; gram.) │
‫ ضم الصفوف‬to close the ranks; ‫ضمه الى صدره‬
(ṣadrihī) to press s.o. to one’s bosom,
embrace s.o.; ‫( ضم اليه زوجته‬zaujatahū) he
embraced his wife VI to unite, rally, join
forces VII to close, draw or crowd
together, be closely packed; to be joined,
united, or combined (‫ الى‬with), unite, join
forces (‫ الى‬with); to be added, be annexed
(‫ الى‬to); to associate, affiliate (‫ الى‬with); to
enter, join (‫ الى‬an organization, and the
like); to comprise, include, encompass,
embrace, contain (‫ على‬s.th.)
‫ ضم‬ḍamm addition, subjunction;
gathering, collecting, rallying, joining,
uniting, amalgamation, fusion; admission,
enrollment; the vowel u (gram.)
‫ ضم‬ḍamma the vowel point for u; (pl.
-āt) embrace, hug
‫ ضميمة‬ḍamīma pl. ‫ ضمائم‬ḍamā’im2
addition, supplement; increase, raise (of
salary)
‫ تضام‬taḍāmm: ‫ تضاما مع‬together with,
jointly with
‫ انضمام‬inḍimām annexation (‫ الى‬to),
joining (‫ الى‬of), union, association,
affiliation (‫ الى‬with); entry, enrollment (‫الى‬
into an organization, and the like),
accession (‫ الى‬to)
‫ مضموم‬maḍmūm closed, tight,
compressed (mouth)
‫ منضم‬munḍamm: ‫ نظام منضم‬close order
(mil.)
O ‫ منضمة‬munḍamma accessory,
attachment (techn.) 544
‫ اضمحل‬iḍmiḥlāl to disappear, vanish, dwindle,
fade away, molt away; to decrease,
become less
‫ اضمحالل‬iḍmiḥlāl disappearance,
vanishing, evanescence; fading
‫ مضمحل‬muḍmaḥill vanishing,
evanescent, fading; damped (oscillations,
waves; phys.)
‫ ضمخ‬ḍamaka u (ḍamk) and II to oil, anoint,
rub, perfume (‫ ه‬,‫ ھـ ب‬s.o., s.th. with)
‫ ضمد‬ḍamada u i (ḍamd, ‫ ضماد‬ḍimād) and II to
dress, bandage (‫ ھـ‬s.th., esp. a wound)
‫ ضماد‬ḍimād bandaging (of a wound);
bandage, band, ligature; carrying on of
several love affairs (of a woman)
‫ ضمادة‬ḍimāda dressing (of a wound),
bandage
‫ مضمد‬muḍammid (ir.) male nurse
‫ مضمدة‬muḍammida o compress; (ir.)
nurse
‫ ضمر‬ḍamara, ḍamura u (ḍumr, ‫ضمور‬
ḍumūr) to be or become lean, emaciated,
skinny, thin, slim, slander; to contract,
shrink II to emaciate, make lean, thin, or
slender (‫ ھـ‬s.th.) IV = II; to secrete,
conceal, hide, keep secret (‫ ھـ في نفسه‬s.th.
in one’s heart), keep (‫ ھـ‬s.th.) to o.s. (‫في‬
‫ ;)نفسه‬to harbor, entertain (‫ ھـ ل‬a feeling
toward, against) │‫( اضمر له الشر‬šarra) to
boar s.o. a grudge, harbor ill will against
s.o. V to become lean, emaciated VII to
dry up, wither, wilt, shrivel
‫ ضمر‬ḍumr emaciation; leanness,
skinniness, thinness, slenderness, slimness
‫ ضمور‬ḍumūr emaciation; loanness,
skinniness, thinness, slenderness,
slimness; atrophy (med.)
‫ ضمار‬ḍimār: ‫( دين ضمار‬ḍain) bad debt
(i.e., a debt deemed uncollectible)
‫ ضمير‬ḍamīr pl. ‫ ضمائر‬ḍamā’ir2 heart;
mind; innermost; conscience;
(independent or suffixed) personal
pronoun (gram.) │ ‫تأنيث الضمير‬
compunctions, contrition, repentance; ‫حي‬
‫ الضمير‬ḥayy aḍ-ḍ. conscientious,
scrupulous; ‫ مرتاح الضمير‬murtāḥ aḍ-ḍ. of
peaceful mind; ‫ فاقد الضمير‬unscrupulous
‫ مضمار‬miḍmār pl. ‫ مضامير‬maḍāmīr2 race
course, race track; arena; field of activity,
field, domain
‫ اضمار‬iḍmār concealment (of a
thought), mental reservation; ellipsis
(rhet.)
 ‫ ضامر‬ḍāmir loan, skinny, thin; slander,
slim, svelte
‫ مضمر‬muḍmar secret, hidden, covert;
(independent or suffixed) personal
pronoun, also ‫( اسم مضمر‬ism; gram.)
‫ ضمن‬ḍamina a (‫ ضمان‬ḍamān) to be or
become responsible or liable, be guaranty,
give security or guaranty, vouch (‫ ب‬or ‫ھـ‬
for), warrant, ensure, safeguard, guarantee
(‫ ھـ ل‬to s.o. s.th.); to insure (‫ من ھـ‬s.th.
against) │ ‫ ضمن لنفسه شيئا‬to be absolutely
certain of s.th. II to have (‫ ھـ‬s.th.) insured (
‫ من‬against); to insert, include, enclose (‫ھـ‬
‫ ھـ‬s.th. in s.th. else) V to comprise,
include, comprehend, imply, embrace,
contain (‫ ھـ‬s.th.) VI to be jointly liable,
have joint responsibility (‫ ھـ‬for s.th.); to be
solidary, be in accord, stick together
‫ ضمن‬ḍimn inside, interior; ḍimna
(prep.) in, within, inside of, among; ‫ضمنا‬
ḍimnan (adv.) inclusively, implicitly,
tacitly │ ‫ مفھوم ضمنا‬tacitly comprised,
implicit; ‫ من ضمن‬min ḍimni (with foll.
genit.) included in, implied in, belonging
to, falling under; ‫ من ضمنھم‬among them;
‫( مباشرة وضمنا‬mubāšaratan) directly and
indirectly
‫ ضمني‬ḍimnī included, implied; hidden,
implicit, tacit 545
‫ ضمن‬ḍamān responsibility, guaranty,
warrant, surety, security, liability,
assurance, saveguard; insurance │ ‫ضمان‬
‫( جماعي‬jamā‘ī) collective security; ‫الضمان‬
‫( المشترك‬muštarak) do.; ‫ محدود الضمان‬of
limited liability, Ltd.; ‫ شركة الضمان‬širkat
aḍ-ḍ. insurance company
‫ ضمين‬ḍamīn pl. ‫ ضمناء‬ḍumanā’ 2 emaciated, gaunt, enervated, or worn out;
responsible, answerable, liable (‫ ب‬for);
warrantor, bail(sman), bondsma, surety,
guarantor (‫ ب‬for)
‫ ضمانة‬ḍamāna guaranty, surety,
warrant(y), collateral, security, bail
‫ اضمن‬aḍman2 offering better guaranty
‫ تضامن‬taḍāmun mutuality, reciprocity;
joint liability; solidarity │ ‫شركة التضامن‬
širkat at-t. commercial company of joint
liability
‫ ضامن‬ḍāmin responsible, answerable,
liable; warrantor, bail(sman), bondsman,
surety, guarantor
‫ مضمون‬maḍmūn guaranteed, ensured,
warranted; insured (object); (pl. ‫مضامين‬
maḍāmīn) content, purport, meaning (of a
letter, and the like) │ ‫مضمون الوصول‬
registered (letter); ‫( دين مضمون‬dain)
bonded, or funded, debt (fin.)
‫ مضمن‬muḍamman included, implied
‫ ضمن‬mutaḍāmin mutual, reciprocal;
solidary, united in solidarity
‫ ضن‬ḍanna (1st pers. perf. ḍanintu) a and
ḍanna (1st pers. perf. ḍanantu) i (ḍann) to
keep back (‫ ب‬s.th.), be sparing or stingy (
‫ ب على‬toward s.o. with), withhold (‫ب على‬
from s.o. s.th.), (be)grudge (‫ على‬s.o. ‫ب‬
s.th.) │ ‫( ما ضن بمشقة على‬bi-mašaqqatin) to
shun no effort for the sake of
‫ ضن‬ḍann: ‫( ضنا ب‬ḍannan) in order to
spare s.th., in due consideration of
‫ ضنين‬ḍanīn niggardly, avaricious,
stingy; sparing, thrifty, economical,
scanty, meager, poor, insufficient
‫ ضنك‬ḍanuka u (ḍank, ‫ ضناكة‬ḍanāka) to
be straitened, cramped, confined
(circumstances); to be weak, be exhausted
‫ ضنك‬ḍank poverty, distress, straits │
‫‘( عيش ضنك‬ail) a hard, wretched life
‫ مضانك‬maḍānik2 straits, hardships
‫ مضنك‬muḍnik weak, exhausted
‫ ضنو‬ḍanw, ḍinw children
‫ ضنى‬ḍaniya a (ḍanan) to become or be lean,
to pine away, be consumed (with grief) IV
to emaciate, debilitate, weaken, enervate (.
s.o.); to exhaust, wear out (‫ ه‬s.o.); to
undermine, sap (‫ ه‬the health); to consume
(‫ ه‬s.o.; of anxiety, and the like)
‫ ضن‬ḍanin, lean, emaciated, gaunt,
languished, wasted, worn out, enervated;
exhausted; consumed with grief, careworn
‫ ضنى‬ḍanan weakness feebleness,
debility, exhaustion, emaciation; grief
‫ مضنى‬muḍnan lean, emaciated, gaunt,
languished, wasted, worn out, enervated;
exhausted; pining away, wasting away
‫ ضھد‬ḍahada a (ḍah) to suppress, oppress, treat
unjustly, persecute (‫ ه‬s.o.) VIII = I
‫ اضطھاد‬iḍṭihād pl. -āt suppression,
repression, oppression, maltreatment, ‫ ضاد‬ḍād name of the letter ‫ض‬
persecution, enslavement
‫ )ضار )ضور‬ḍāra u (ḍaur) to harm, injure,
‫ مضطھد‬muṭahid oppressor, tyrant,
persecutor
‫ ضھر‬ḍahr pl. ‫ ضھور‬ḍuhūr summit, top (of a
mountain)
‫ ضھى‬III to be similar, alike, or corresponding;
to resemble (‫ ه‬s.o. ‫ ھـ‬s.th.), be like s.o. or
s.th. (‫ ه‬،‫)ھـ‬, correspond (‫ ه‬to s.o., ‫ ھـ‬to
s.th.); to compare (‫ ب ھـ‬,‫ على‬s.th. with; ‫بين‬
‫ وبين‬-- two things); to imitate (‫ ب‬s.o., s.th.)
‫ ضھى‬ḍahān O menopause, climacteric
546
‫ ضھى‬ḍaīy similar, (a)like,
corresponding, analogous ‫ ضامة‬look up alphabetically
‫ مضاھاة‬muḍāhāh similarity,
resemblance, likeness, correspondence,
analogy; comparison (‫ على‬with)
‫ مضاه‬muḍāh similar, (a)like,
corresponding, analogous
‫ )ضاء )ضوء‬ḍā’a u (ḍau’) to gleam,
beam, radiate, shine II to light (‫ ھـ‬s.th., a
lamp), to illumine, illuminate (‫ ھـ‬s.th.,
e.g., a house) IV = I; to shed light, out
light (‫ على‬upon, over); to light, illumine,
illuminate (‫ ھـ‬s.th.); to enlighten (‫ ھـ‬s.th.,
the mind) V = I; X to be illumined, be lit,
to seek light, to seek (to obtain)
enlightenment or insight (‫ ب‬by, through,
in, with), to let o.s. be enlightened or
guided (‫ ب‬by)
‫ ضوء‬ḍau’ pl. ‫ اضواء‬light; brightness,
glow │ ‫ ضوء الشمس‬ḍ. aš-šams sunlight,
sunshine; ‫ ضوء القمر‬ḍ. al-qamar
moonlight; ‫ ضوء كاشف‬searchlight; ‫ضوء‬
‫ النھار‬ḍ. an-nahār daylight; ‫( على ضوء‬with
foll. genit.) in the light of, under the
circumstances of, as seen from ...;
according to
‫ ضوئي‬ḍau’ī luminary, light- (in
compounds) │‫( سنة ضوئية‬sana) light-year
‫ ضياء‬ḍiyā’ light, brightness, glow
‫ اضاءة‬iḍā’a lighting, illumination │
‫( اإلضاءة المقيدة‬muqayyada) restricted
illumination = dim-out; ‫مصباح اإلضاءة‬
miṣbāḥ al-i. incandescent lamp
‫ مضيء‬muḍī’ shining, luminous, bright
damage, prejudice (‫ ه ه‬،‫ ھـ‬s.o., s.th.), inflict
damage (‫ ه‬،‫ ھـ‬upon); to suffer violent
hunger, starve to death V to writhe with
pain; to writhe, wince, be convulsed (‫ھـ‬
with pain. with hunger)
‫ ضور‬ḍaur violent hunger
‫ ضوضاء‬ḍauḍā noise, din, uproar
‫ ضوضى‬ḍauḍan noise, din, uproar
‫ )ضاع )ضوع‬ḍā‘a u (ḍau’) to spread, diffuse,
emanate (fragrance); to be fragrant,
exhmale fragrance V = I
‫ ضوى‬ḍawā i to resort, have recourse (‫ الى‬to); --
ḍawiya a to be lean, thin, spare, slight,
scrawny IV ‫ اضوى‬to weaken, debilitate (,‫ھـ‬
‫ ه‬s.o. s.th.), to harm, injure, damage,
prejudice (‫ ه‬s.o., ‫ ھـ‬s.th.) VII to join,
follow (‫ الى‬s.o.), attach o.s. (‫ الى‬to s.o.), to
rally, flock (‫ الى‬around, ‫ )تحت لوائه‬around
or under s.o.’s banner)
‫ ضاو‬ḍāwin thin, lean, spare, slight,
scrawny
‫ )ضار )ضير‬ḍāra i (ḍair) to harm, injure,
damage, prejudice (‫ ه‬,‫ ھـ‬s.o., s.th.), inflict
damage (‫ ه‬,‫ ھـ‬upon)
‫ ضير‬ḍair harm, damage, injury,
prejudice; wrong, iniquity, offense
‫ قسمة ضيزى‬qisma ḍīzā unjust division
‫ )ضاع )ضيع‬ḍā‘a i (ḍai‘, ‫ ضياع‬ḍayā‘) to get lost,
be lost (‫ على‬for s.o.), to lose itself,
disappear; to perish II and IV to ruin, let
perish, thwart, frustrate, mar, destroy (‫ ه‬،‫ھـ‬
s.o., s.th.); to lose. forfeit (‫ ھـ‬s.th.), be
deprived (‫ ھـ‬of s.th.); to waste, squander,
sped uselessly (‫ ه‬s.th.); to neglect, omit (‫ھـ‬
s.th.); to miss, let go by (‫ ھـ‬s.th.), let slip (
‫ ھـ‬s.th., e.g., an opportunity) │ ‫ضيع حقه‬
(ḥaqqahū) to forfeit one’s right; ‫الصيف‬
‫ ضيعت اللبن‬aṣ-ṣaifa ḍayya‘ti l-labana
(invar.) approx.: you have let the
opportunity go by, you milled your
chance; ‫( اضاع صوابه‬ṣawābahū) to lose
 one’s mind; ‫( اضاع عليه فرصة‬furṣa) to make
s.o. miss an opportunity; ‫( اضاع الوقت‬waqt)
to waste time
‫ ضيع‬ḍai‘ loss 547
‫ ضيعة‬ḍai‘a pl. ‫ ضياع‬ḍiyā‘ landed estate,
country estate, domain; small village,
hamlet
‫ ضياع‬ḍayā‘ loss; ruin, destruction,
perdition │ ‫ ضياع الوقت‬ḍ. al-waqt loss of
time
‫ يا ضيعانة‬yā ḍī‘āna what a loss!
‫ مضياع‬miḍyā‘ prodigal, squandering,
wasteful; squanderer, wastrel, spend-thrift
‫ تضييع‬taḍyī‘ waste, squandering,
dissipation; neglect, omission
‫ اضاعة‬iḍā‘a waste, squandering,
dissipation; neglect, omission │ ‫اضاعة‬
‫ الوقت‬i. al-waqt waste of time
‫ ضائع‬ḍā’i‘ pl. ‫ ضيع‬ḍuyya‘, ‫ ضياع‬ḍiyā‘
(getting) lost; poor, wretched, miserable
‫ مضيعة‬maḍī‘a ruin, destruction,
perdition, lost; -- muḍī‘a, ‫( مضيعة للوقت‬li-l-
waqt) waste of time, loss of time
‫ مضيع‬muḍayyi‘ prodigal, squandering,
wasteful
‫ )ضاف )ضيف‬ḍāfa i (‫ ضيافة‬ḍiyāfa) to stop or
stay as a guest II to take in as a guest,
receive hospltably, entertain (‫ ه‬s.o.) IV =
II; to add, subjoin, annex, attach (‫ھـ الى‬
s.th. to); to admix (‫ الى ھـ‬s.th. to); to
connect, bring in relation (‫ الى ھـ‬s.th. with);
to ascribe, attribute, assign (‫ ھـ الى‬s.th. to
s.o.) │ ‫( اضاف اسما الى اسم‬isman) to annex a
noun (the first member of a genitive
construction) to another (the second
member; gram.); ‫( اضف الى ذلك ان‬aḍif)
what’s more ..., moreover..., furthermore
…, VII to be added, be annexed, be
subjoined, be attached (‫ الى‬to) X to invite
s.o, (‫ )ه‬to be one’s guest
‫ ضيف‬ḍaif pl. ‫ ضيوف‬ḍuyūf, ‫ اضياف‬aḍyāf,
‫ ضيفان‬ḍīfān guest; visitor
‫ ضيافة‬ḍiyāfa hospltable reception,
entertainment as guest, accommodation;
hospltality │ ‫ انت في ضيافتي‬you are my
guest
‫ مضياف‬miḍyāf hospltable; hospltable
host
‫ مضافة‬muḍāfa hostel, guesthouse, inn
‫ مضيفة‬mayafa guest room; guesthouse
‫ اضافة‬iḍāfa addition, apposition;
subjunction, annexation, appending,
attachment, augmentation,
supplementation; assignment, allocation;
ascription, attribution (‫ الى‬to); genitive
construction (gram.) │ ‫( اضافة الى اجل‬ajal)
limitation (of a legal transaction; Isl.
Law); ‫ باالضافة الى‬in comparison with, in
relation to; with respect to, regarding ...;
with regard to, in consideration of; in
addition to, beside; ‫باالضافة الى ذلك‬
moreover, furthermore, besides
‫ اضافي‬iḍāfī additional, supplementary,
auxiliary, contributory, extra; secondary,
subsidiary, tributary, accessory,
incidental, side-, by- (in compounds);
relative (philos.)
‫ اضافية‬iḍāfīya relativity (philos.)
‫ مضيف‬muḍīf host
‫ مضيفة‬muḍīfa hostess; air hostess,
stewardess
‫ مضاف‬muḍāf added, subjoined,
adjoined, apposed; construct state (gram.)
│ ‫ المضاف اليه‬the second, or governed,
noun of a genitive construction (gram.);
‫ مضافا الى ذلك‬moreover, furthermore,
besides
‫ )ضيق )ضاق‬ḍāqa i (ḍaiq) to be or
become narrow, straitened, cramped,
confined; to become too narrow, too
confined (‫ ب‬for); to be anguished, uneasy,
depressed, dejected (‫ ب‬because of, by, at,
about); to become or be tired, weary (‫ ب‬of
s.o., of s.th.) │ ‫( ضاقت به األرض‬arḍu) to be
at a loss, be at one’s wit’s end; ‫ضاق به الحياة‬
(ḥayātu) life depressed him, 548 he had a
bad time, he was bad off; ‫ضاقت به السبل‬
(subulu) to be at a loss, be at the end of
one’s tether, be at one’s wit’s end; ‫ضاق به‬
‫( ذرعا ب‬dar‘an) not to be up to s.th.. be
unable to do or accomplish s.th.; not to be
able to stand or bear s.th., be fed up with,
be tired of, feel uneasy about, be
oppressed by; ‫ ضاق عنه ذرعا‬do.; ‫ضاق صدره‬
(ṣadruhū) to be annoyed, angry; ‫ضاقت يده‬
‫( عن‬yaduhū) to be incapable of; to be too
poor to … II to make narrow or narrower,
narrow (down), straiten, cramp, tighten,
confine, constrain, restrain, restrict,
contract (‫ ھـ‬s.th.); to pull tight (‫ ھـ‬s.th.,
e.g., a dress); to harass, oppress, beset,
besiege, beleaguer (‫ على‬s.o.); to keep (‫على‬
s.o.) short (‫ في‬in s.th.) │ ‫ ضيق الحصار‬to
tighten the blockade; ‫ ضيق على نفسه‬to
restrain o.s., take restrictions upon o.s. III
to vex, annoy, anger (‫ ه‬s.o.); to harass,
oppress, beset (‫ ه‬s.o.); to trouble, bother,
inconvenience, disturb, hinder, hamper,
impede, affect gravely (‫ ه‬،‫ ھـ‬s.o., s.th.),
bear down heavily (‫ ه‬،‫ ھـ‬upon); to cause
trouble (‫ ه‬to s.o.) VI to be or become
narrow, to narrow; to become annoyed,
become irritated; to be angry (‫ من‬at, about)
‫ ضيق‬ḍīq narrowness; tightness,
closeness; confinement, restriction,
limitation, constraint; shortage, scarcity;
oppression, anguish; dejectedness,
depression, distress; lack, want, paucity,
poverty; care, worry, anxiety; anger,
annoyance, irritation, exasperation;
weariness, ennui │ ‫ ضيق ذات اليد‬ḍ. dāt al-
yad poverty, destitution; ‫ ضيق المقام‬ḍ. al-
maqām crampedness lack of space; ‫ضيق‬
‫ النطاق‬do.; small range, limited extent,
narrow scope; ‫ ضيق اليد‬ḍ. al-yad poverty,
destitution
‫ ضيق‬ḍayyiq narrow; tight; cramped;
short, scarce; confined, limited, restricted
│ ‫ ضيق الخلق‬ḍ. al-kalq illiberal,
ungenerous; impatient, annoyed; ‫ضيق‬
‫ الصدر‬ḍ. aṣ-ṣadr vexed, annoyed (‫ ب‬over,
at, by), angry (‫ ب‬at, with); upset,
depressed, downcast, dejected; ‫ضيق العقل‬
ḍ. al-‘aql narrow-minded, hidebound,
dull-witted; ‫ ضيق النطاق‬small-range; of
narrow scope, limited in extent; confined,
limited, restricted
‫ ضيقة‬ḍaiqa, ḍīqa straitened
circumstances, poverty; anguish
2
‫ اضيق‬aḍyaq narrower, tighter
‫ مضيق‬maḍīq pl. ‫ مضايق‬maḍāyiq2, ‫مضائق‬
strait(s); defile, (mountain) pass;
narrow(s), stricture
‫ تضييق‬taḍyīq narrowing, tightening;
restriction, limitation; oppression │ ‫تضييق‬
‫ الحصار‬tightening of the blockade; ‫تضييق‬
‫( الخناق‬tightening of the rope =) strangling,
suppression
‫ مضايقة‬muḍāyaqa pl. -āt affliction,
distress, grievance, embarrassment;
obstruction, impediment. disturbance,
harassment, molestation; depressing state;
anger, annoyance, vexation, irritation;
inconvenience, difficulty, trouble,
nuisance
‫ ضائقة‬ḍā’iqa pl. ‫ ضوائق‬ḍawā’iq2
predicament, straits, difficulty; critical
situation, crisis │ ‫ ضائقة العيش‬ḍ. al-‘aiš
straitened circumstances; ‫ضائقة مالية‬
(mālīya) financial straits
‫ مضايق‬muḍāyiq troublesome, irksome,
wearisome, disturbing, annoying;
nuisance (person)
‫ متضايق‬mutaḍāyiq annoyed, vexed,
irritated, exasperated, hungry; hard
pressed
1
‫ )ضام )ضيم‬ḍāma i (ḍaim) to wrong, harm (‫ه‬
s.o.), inflict damage (‫ ه‬upon s.o.); to treat
unjustly (‫ ه‬s.o.) X = I
‫ ضيم‬ḍaim pl. ‫ ضيوم‬ḍuyūm wrong,
inequity, injustice; harm, damage,
detriment, injury
‫ ضامة‬look up alphabetically
‫ط‬
‫ ط‬abbreviation of ‫ قيراط‬qīrāṭ
‫ طاء‬ṭā’ name of the letter ‫ط‬
‫ طابة‬ṭāba pl. -āt ball
‫ طابور‬ṭābūr pl. ‫ طوابير‬ṭawābīr2 battalion; (eg.)
line, file, single file (of soldiers, of
persons walking one behind the other);
queue │ ‫ الطابور الخامس‬the fifth column
‫ طابية‬ṭābiya pl. ‫ طواب‬ṭawābin fortress, fort;
round fortress tower; (eg.) rook, castle
(chess)
‫ طاجن‬ṭājin pl. ‫ طواجن‬ṭawājin2 frying pan; (eg.)
shallow earthen pot
‫ طارة‬،‫ طار‬see ‫طور‬
‫ طارمة‬pl. -āt kiosk, booth, cabin, stall
‫ طازة‬ṭāza fresh, tender, new
‫ طازج‬ṭāza fresh, new
1
‫ طاس‬and ‫ طاسة‬see ‫طوس‬
2 physician, doctor │ ‫( طبيب بيطري‬baiṭarī)
‫ طاؤوس‬ṭā’ūs and ‫ طاووس‬ṭāwūs pl. ‫طواويس‬
ṭawāwīs2 peacock
‫ طأطأ‬ṭa’ṭa’a to incline, bend, tilt, bow (‫رأسه‬
ra’sahū one’s head; also used without
‫)رأسه‬
‫ مطأطئ‬muṭa’ṭi’ with bowed head
‫ مطأطأ‬muṭaṭa’: ‫ مطأطأ الرأس‬m. ar-ra’s
with bowed head
1
‫ طاق‬ṭāq pl. -āt, ‫ طيقان‬ṭīqān arch (arch.); (pl.
-āt) layer, stratum
2
‫ طاقة‬ṭāqa pl. -āt window
3
‫ طاقية‬ṭāqīya pl. □ ‫ طواقي‬ṭawāqī white cotton
skullcap (often worn under the tarboosh:
in Eg. = ‫ ;)عرقية‬fatigue cap (of the Eg.
Territorial Army)
‫ طأمن‬see ‫طمأن‬
‫( طاولة‬It. tavola) ṭāwula table │ ‫لعبة الطاولة‬
la‘bat aṭ-ṭāwila backgammon, tricktrack;
‫ تنس الطاولة‬table tennis
‫ طب‬ṭabba u i (ṭabb, ṭibb, tubb) to treat
medically (‫ ه‬،‫ ھـ‬s.o., s.th.), give medical
treatment (‫ ه‬،‫ ھـ‬to s.o., to s.th.); to seek to
remedy, tackle (‫ ل‬s.th.) II to treat
medically (‫ ه‬،‫ ھـ‬s.o., s.th.), give medical
treatment (‫ ه‬،‫ ھـ‬to s.o., to s.th.) V to
receive, or undergo, medical treatment,
submit to medical treatment; to practice
medicine, engage in the medical field X to
seek medical advice (‫ ه‬from s.o.), consult (
‫ ه‬a doctor)
‫ طب‬ṭibb medical treatment: medicine,
medical science │ ‫ طب األسنان‬ṭ. al-asnān
dentistry, dental science; ‫الطب البيطري‬
(baiṭarī) veterinary science; ‫الطب الشرعي‬
(šar‘ī) forensic medicine; ‫الطب النفساني‬
(nafsānī) psychiatry; ‫‘ علم الطب‬ilm aṭ-ṭ.
medical science, medicine; ‫كلية الطب‬
kullīyat aṭ-ṭ. medical school, medical
college, (chiefly G. B.:) faculty of
medicine
‫ طبي‬ṭibbī medical, pertaining to the
medical profession or science │ ‫الئق طبيا‬
(ṭibbīya) physically fit (e.g., for military
service)
‫ طبة‬ṭabba pl. -āt (eg.) cushion, pad;
plug, stopper, stopple; bung
‫ طبيب‬ṭabib pl. ‫ اطبة‬،٢‫ اطباء‬aṭibba
veterinarian; ‫( طبيب خاص‬kāṣṣ) physician in
ordinary, private physician (e.g., of a
king); ‫ طبيب ساحر‬medicine man, shaman;
‫ طبيب األسنان‬dental surgeon, dentist; ‫طبيب‬
‫( شرعي‬šar‘ī) medical examiner (jur.); ‫طبيب‬
‫( األمراض الجلدية‬jildīya) dermatologist 550
‫ طبيبة‬ṭabība female doctor, doctress
‫ طبابة‬ṭibāba medical treatment; medical
profession
‫ تطبيب‬taṭbīb healing art, medical
practice, medical profession
‫ متطبب‬mutaṭabbib quack, quacksalver
‫ طبخ‬ṭabaka a (ṭabk) to cook (‫ ھـ‬s.th.) VII to be
or get cooked
‫ طبخ‬ṭabk cooking, cookery; cooked
food; O celluloid
‫ طبخة‬ṭabka (n. un.) (article of cooked)
food, meal, dish, course
‫ طباخ‬ṭabbāk cook
‫ طبيخ‬ṭabīk cooked food, fare
‫ طباخة‬ṭibāka culinary art, cookery,
cuisine
‫ مطبخ‬maṭbak pl. ‫ مطابخ‬maṭābik2 kitchen;
cookshop, eating house, luncheonette
‫ مطبخ‬miṭbak pl. ‫ مطابخ‬maṭābik2 any
cooking apparatus (also, e.g., a hot plate),
cooking stove, kitchen range, portable
range
1
‫ طبر‬ṭabar hatchet, ax, battle-ax
‫ طبردار‬ṭabardār sapper, pioneer (mil.)
2
‫ طابور‬look up alphabetically
3
‫ طبرية‬ṭabarīya2 Tiberias (city in Palestine, on
W shore of Sea of Galilee)
‫ طبشورة‬ṭabšūra (syr.) chalk
‫ طباشير‬ṭabāšīr2 chalk
‫ طباشيري‬ṭabāšīrī chalky, cretaceous,
chalk- (in compounds)
‫ طبطب‬ṭabṭaba to gurgle, purl (water); to pat,
stroke, caress (‫ على‬s.o.)
‫ طبطابة‬ṭabṭāba bat, mallet, racket (for
ball games)
‫ طبع‬ṭaba‘a a (ṭab‘) to provide with an imprint,
impress or impression (‫ ھـ‬or ‫ على‬s.th.); to
impress with a stamp, seal or signet (‫ ھـ‬or
‫ على‬s.th.), leave or set one’s stamp, seal,
mark, or impress (‫ على‬or ‫ ه‬،‫ ھـ‬on s.o. on
s.th.); to stamp, imprint, impress (‫على ه‬
s.th. on); to mint, coin (‫ ھـ‬money); to print
(‫ ھـ‬s.th.); pass. ṭubi‘a to have a natural
aptitude or disposition, have a propensity,
be disposed by nature (‫ على‬for) │ ‫طبعه‬
‫( بطابعه‬bi-ṭābi‘ihī) to place, set, or leave
one’s stamp, mark, or impress on s.o. or
s.th., impart one’s own character to s.o. or
s.th.; ‫( طبع عليه‬ṭubi‘a) to be innate, inherent
in s.o., be native, natural to s.o. II to tame,
domesticate, break in, train (‫ ھـ‬an animal)
V ‫( تطبع بطباعه‬bi-ṭibā‘ihī) to take on,
assume, or receive s.o.’s peculiar
character, bear s.o.’s stamp or impress VII
to be stamped, be printed, be imprinted, be
impressed; to leave an imprint or
impression (‫ في‬on); to be disposed by
nature (‫ على‬for)
‫ طبع‬ṭab‘ printing (of a book), print; (pl.
‫ طباع‬ṭibā‘) impress, impression, stamp,
hallmark, peculiarity, characteristic,
nature, character, temper, (natural)
disposition │ ‫ طبع الحجر‬al-ḥajar
lithography; ‫ طبع الحروف‬typography; ‫تحت‬
‫ الطبع‬in (the) press, at press (typ.); ‫مسودة‬
‫ الطبع‬muswaddat and musawwadat aṭ-ṭ.
proof sheet, galley proof (typ.); ‫اعادة الطبع‬
i‘ādat aṭ-ṭ. reprinting reprint; ‫ طبعا‬ṭab‘an
or ‫ بالطبع‬by nature, by natural disposition;
naturally! of course! certainly! to be sure!
‫ سيئ الطبع‬sayyi’ aṭ-ṭ. ill-disposed, ill-
natured, evil by nature; ‫)شاذ الطبع )الطباع‬
šadd aṭ-ṭ. eccentric, extravagant
‫ طبعة‬ṭab‘a pl. -āt printing, print;
edition, issue, impression
‫ طباع‬ṭabbā‘ printer
‫ طباعة‬ṭibā‘a art of printing │ ‫آلة الطباعة‬
printing press
‫ طباعي‬ṭibā‘ī typographic(al) 551
‫ طبيعة‬ṭabī‘a pl. ‫ طبائع‬ṭabā’i‘2 nature;
natural disposition, constitution;
peculiarity, individuality, character;
regular, normal manner; physics; natural
science │ ‫ بطبيعة الحال‬by the very nature of
the case, as is (was) only natural, ipso
facto, naturally, as a matter of course; ‫عالم‬
‫ الطبيعة‬physicist; natural scientist; ‫علم الطبيعة‬
‘ilm aṭ-ṭ. physics; natural science; ‫فلسفة ما‬
‫( وراء )بعد( الطبيعة‬falsafatu) metaphysics;
‫ فوق الطبيعة‬supernatural; ‫ طبائع األشياء‬the
nature of things, state of affairs
‫ طبيعي‬ṭabī‘ī nature’s, of nature, nature-
(in compounds), natural; inborn, innate,
inherent, native; normal, ordinary, usual,
regular; physical; physicist; natural
scientist; naturalist │ ‫ عالم طبيعي‬physicist;
natural scientist; ‫ الطبيعيات‬physics; natural
science
‫ مطبع‬maṭba‘ print shop, printing office,
printing house, press
‫ مطبعة‬maṭba‘a pl. ‫ مطابع‬maṭābi‘2 print
shop, printing office, printing house, press
│ ‫ حرية المطابع‬ḥurrīyat al-m. freedom of
the press
‫ مطبعي‬maṭba‘ī printing, printer’s (in
compounds), typographic(al) │ ‫خطأ مطبعي‬
(kaṭa’) and ‫( غلطة مطبعية‬galṭa)
typographical error, misprint, erratum
‫( مطبعجي‬eg.) majba‘gī printer
‫ مطبعة‬miṭba‘a pl. ‫ مطابع‬maṭābi‘2 printing
machine, printing press
‫ طابع‬ṭābi‘ printer; -- ṭāba‘ impress,
stamp, mark, character; (pl. ‫ طوابع‬ṭawābi‘2)
seal, signet; stamp; imprint, print, impress,
impression; (postage,
etc.) stamp; tablet, pill │ ‫ طابع البريد‬and
‫ طابع بريدي‬postage stamp; ‫طابع تذكاري‬
(tadkārī) commemorative stamp; ‫طابع‬
‫ األصابع‬fingerprint; ‫ صاحب الطابع‬keeper of
the seal; ‫ طبعه بطابعه‬to place, set, or leave,
one’s stamp, mark, or impress on s.o. or
s.th., impart one’s own character to s.o. or
s.th.
‫ مطبوع‬maṭbū‘ printed, imprinted;
stereotyped; pl. -āt printed material,
prints; printed matter │ ‫مطبوع بطابعه‬
bearing the stamp, mark or impress of s.o.
or s.th., being characterized by; ‫مطبوع على‬
do., being by its very nature ..., having the
innate property of...; ‫( مطبوع دوري‬daurī) a
periodical; ‫ قانون المطبوعات‬press law
1
‫ طبق‬II to cover, cover up (‫ ھـ‬s.th.); to make
coincident or congruent, cause to
coincide, superpose (‫ بين‬two figures;
geom.); to fold (‫ ھـ‬s.th., also, e.g., the
hands); (eg.) to shoe (‫ ھـ‬a hors.); to apply (
‫ على ھـ‬s.th. to); to be common, universal,
widespread; to spread (also ‫ ھـ‬throughout
s.th.), pervade (‫ ھـ‬s.th.); pass. ṭubbiga to
be applied, apply, be applicable be
effective be valid │ ‫طبقت شھرته تآلفاق‬
(šuhratuhū) he (it) enjoyed, or achieved,
world-wide fame; ‫( طبق صيته الخافقين‬ṣītuhū,
kāfiqain) do., his (its) fame spread
throughout the world III to bring to
coincidence, make coincident or
congruent, cause to coincide (‫ وبين‬-- ‫بين‬
s.th. with), correlate, compare, contrast (
‫ وبين‬-- ‫ بين‬s.th. with); to adapt, adjust, tally,
trim into shape (‫ ھـ‬s.th.); to suit, fit, match
(‫ ه‬،‫ ھـ‬s.o., s.th.), go, tally (‫ ه‬،‫ ھـ‬with), adapt
o.s., adjust o.s. (‫ ه‬،‫ ھـ‬to s.o., to s.th.); to
correspond (‫ ھـ‬to s.th.), concur, agree,
conform, be in keeping (‫ ه‬،‫ ھـ‬with s.o.,
with s.th.), fit (‫ ھـ‬into s.th.) IV to close,
shut (‫ ھـ‬s.th., e.g., the eyes, mouth, etc.);
to cover, cover up (‫ على‬،‫ ھـ‬s.th., also ‫ھـ‬
with one’s hand ‫ على‬s.th.); to surround,
encircle, encompass (‫ على‬s.o.); to be
agreed, agree, come to an agreement (‫على‬
on, about) │ ‫( اطبق على يدي‬yadī) he pressed
my hand V to get or be covered or closed
VII = V; to be applicable, apply (‫ على‬to),
fit, suit (‫ على‬s.o., s.th.), hold good (‫على‬
for), be true (‫ على‬of); to 552 be in
conformity, be consistent, be compatible,
be in keeping, conform, agree (‫ على‬with),
correspond (‫ على‬to s.th.)
‫ طبق‬ṭibqa (prep.) according to,
corresponding to, in accordance with, in
conformity with │ ‫( طبقا لـ‬ṭibqan) do.;
‫( صورة طبق األصل‬ṣūra, aṣl) true copy; exact
replica
‫ طبق‬ṭabaq pl. ‫ اطباق‬aṭbāq lid, cover,
plate; dish, shallow bowl; (round) tray,
salver; ash tray; (pl. ‫اطباق‬, also ‫ طباق‬ṭibāq)
layer, tier; stratum (of the air); pl. ‫طباق‬
(with foll. genit.) superposed masses,
layered formations, piles, large quantities
2
of ... │ ‫ اطباق طائرة‬flying saucers
‫ يد طبقة‬yad ṭabiqa closed hand
‫ طبقة‬ṭabaqa pl. -āt layer; stratum (of
earth, air, society, etc.); floor, story (of a
building); class, category; generation │ O
‫( الطبقة الطخرورية‬ṭukrūrīya) stratosphere;
‫( الطبقات النجسة‬najisa) the impure castes, the
pariahs; ‫( الطبقة المتوسطة‬mutawassiṭa) the
middle class(es); ‫ حرب الطبقات‬ḥarb aṭ-ṭ.
class struggle; ‫‘ علم طبقات األرض‬ilm ṭ. al-
arḍ geology; ‫ معدود في الطبقات الثالثة‬regarded
as third-rate
‫ طابق‬ṭābaq, ṭābiq pl. ‫ طوابق‬ṭawābiq2
large bricks; floor, story (of a building) │ ‫ا‬
‫( لطابق األرضي‬arḍī) ground floor
‫ طاباق‬ṭābāq pl. ‫ طوابيق‬ṭawābīq2 large
bricks
‫ طباق‬ṭibāq (with foll. genit. or suffix)
that which is in agreement, in keeping, or
in conformity with ..., corresponding,
analogous (to s.th.), in accordance (with),
conformable (to), consistent (with),
compatible (with); antithesis,
juxtaposition of contrasting ideas (rhet.)
‫ طبيق‬ṭabīq (with foll. genit. or suffix)
sth. in agreement, in keeping, or in
conformity with ..., corresponding,
analogous (to s.th.), in accordance (with),
consistent (with), compatible (with)
‫ تطبيق‬taṭbīq adaptation,
accommodation, adjustment; application
‫ تطبيقي‬taṭbīqī applied; practical, serving
practical ends │ ‫ علوم تطبيقية‬applied
sciences
‫ مطابقة‬muṭābaqa agreement,
conformity, congruity, correspondence
‫ تطابق‬taṭābuq congruence (geom.)
‫ مطابق‬muṭābiq corresponding,
congruous, conformable, in agreement or
conformity (with) │ ‫ مطابق للحقيقة‬true,
truthful, veracious, agreeing with the
facts, true to nature, lifelike
‫ مطبق‬muṭbiq entire, complete, utter,
absolute, total; -- mutbaq pressed; coated,
incrusted (‫ بالذھب‬with gold); subterranean
dungeon, oubliette, underground chamber
│ ‫( الحروف المطبقة‬muṭbaqa) (phon.) the
sounds ṣ, ḍ, ṭ, ẓ
‫ طباق‬ṭabāq, ṭubāq (eg.) tobacco
‫ طبل‬ṭabala u (ṭabl) to beat a drum; to drum II =
I; to beat the drum (‫ ل‬for s.o., i.e., to
campaign, make propaganda for s.o.)
‫ طبل‬ṭabl drumming, drumbeat; (pl. ‫طبول‬
ṭubūl, ‫ اطبال‬aṭbāl) drum; bass drum (of the
Western orchestra)
 ‫ طبلة‬ṭabla drum │ ‫ طبلة األذن‬ṭ. al-udun
eardrum, tympanic membrane
‫ طبلة‬ṭabla pl. -āt, ‫ طبل‬ṭubal (eg.) look,
padlock
‫ طبلي‬ṭablī drum-shaped
‫ طبال‬ṭabbāl pl. -ūn, drummer
‫ مطبل‬muṭabbal moist, damp (ground)
2
‫ طبلة‬ṭabla pl. -āt table
‫ طبلة‬ṭablīya pl. -āt, □ ‫ طبالي‬ṭabālī a low,
round table; turntable; tray, wooden salver
1
‫ طبن‬ṭabina a to be bright, intelligent
‫ طبن‬ṭabin bright, intelligent 553
2
‫ طابونة‬ṭābūna (‫ طبونة‬ṭābūna) pl. -āt a small,
jar-shaped oven, sunk in the ground, open
on top, used for baking bread; bakery;
(pal., eg.) (baker’s) oven
O ‫ الطبقة الطحرورية‬aṭ-ṭabaqa aṭ-ṭukrūrīya the
3
‫ طبن‬ṭabbān pl. -āt (wheel) tire
‫ طبنجة‬ṭabanja pl. -āt pistol
‫ طابية‬ṭābiya pl. ‫ طواب‬look up alphabetically
‫ طاجن‬ṭājin pl. ‫ طواجن‬ṭawājin2 frying pan; (eg.)
shallow earthen pot
‫ طحطح‬ṭaḥṭaḥā to break, shatter, smash (‫ ھـ‬s.th.)
‫( طحل‬ṭuḥl) sediment, dregs, less
‫( طحال‬ṭiḥāl pl. -āt, ‫ طحل‬ṭuḥul spleen,
milt
‫ طحالي‬ṭiḥālī splenic
‫ طحال‬ṭuḥal inflammation of the spleen,
splenitis
‫ مطحول‬maṭḥūl having a diseased spleen,
splenetic
‫ طحلب‬ṭuḥlub (coll.; n. un. ‫ )ة‬pl. ‫ طحالب‬ṭaḥālib2
water moss
‫ طحن‬ṭaḥana a (ṭaḥn) to grind, mill, bray,
pulverize (‫ھـ‬, s.th., esp. grain); to crush,
ruin, destroy (‫ ه‬،‫ ھـ‬s.o., s.th.); to wear out,
wear down (‫ ه‬s.o.), exact as heavy toll (‫ ه‬of
s.o.; age, yean) VI to quarrel, wrangle, be
antagonistic, be in conflict (with one
another), to conflict
‫ طحن‬ṭiḥn flour, meal
‫ طحين‬ṭaḥīn flour, meal
‫ طحيني‬ṭaḥīnī mealy, farinaceous
‫ طحينية‬ṭaḥīnīya (eg.) a sweet made of
sesame-seed, meal and sugar
‫ طحينة‬ṭaḥīna (eg., syr.) a thick sauce
made of sesame oil, and served with
salads, vegetables, etc.
‫ طحان‬ṭaḥḥān miller
‫ طاحون‬ṭāḥūn and ‫ طاحونة‬ṭāhūna pl.
‫ طواحن‬ṭawāḥīn2 mill, grinder │ ‫طاحونة الھواء‬
ṭ. al-hawā’ windmill
‫ مطحنة‬miṭḥana pl. ‫ مطاحن‬maṭāḥin2 mill,
grinder
‫ مطحنة‬maṭḥana pl. ‫ مطحنة‬maṭḥana2 mill;
flour mill
‫ طاحن‬ṭāḥin molar tooth, grinder
‫ طاحنة‬ṭāḥina pl. ‫ طواحن‬ṭawāḥin2 molar
tooth, grinder
stratosphere
‫ طر‬ṭarra u (ṭarr, ‫ طرور‬ṭurūr) to sharpen, hone,
whet (‫ ھـ‬s.th.); to grow; to sprout, come
out (mustache, hair)
‫ طرا‬ṭurran altogether, all without
exception, one and all
‫ طرة‬ṭurra pl. ‫ طرر‬ṭurar forelock;
knotted cloth or kerchief
‫ طرار‬ṭarrār pl. ‫ طرارة‬ṭarrara (magr.)
tambourine player; rogue, scoundrel
‫ طرأ‬ṭara’a a (ṭar’, ‫ طروء‬ṭurū’) to descend,
break in, come (‫ على‬upon), overtake, befall
(‫ على‬s.o.), happen unexpectedly (‫ على‬to
s.o.); to occur (‫ على‬or ‫ ل‬to s.o., of an idea)
│ ‫ ماذا طرأ عليه‬what’s got into him all of a
sudden? what’s the matter with him all of
a sudden? ‫( طرأت عليه فكرة‬fikratun) an idea
occurred to him, he had an idea; ‫لم يطرأ على‬
‫( الحالة تبدل يذكر‬tabaddulun yudkaru) (no
change worth mentioning came over the
situation, i.e.) the situation remained
substantially unchanged IV to praiae,
laud, extol (‫ ه‬s.o.)
‫ طريء‬ṭarī’ fresh, new
‫ طارئ‬ṭāri’ foreign, extraneous,
extrinsic, unusual; accidental, incidental,
casual, unforeseen, unexpected,
contingent; a new factor or development
intervening suddenly, a contingent; 554
 unexpected visitor; sudden stirring,
sudden impulses (‫ من‬e.g., of joy)
‫ طارئة‬ṭāri’a pl. ‫ طوارئ‬ṭawāri’
unforeseen event, unexpected case, a
contingent; new factor or development;
incident, accident │ ‫ حالة الطوارئ‬state of
emergency
‫ طرآني‬ṭur’ānī of unknown origin, wild
‫ طرابلس‬ṭarābulus2: ‫ طرابلس الشام‬Tripoli (in
Lebanon); ‫ طرابلس الغرب‬ṭ. al-garb Tripoli
(in Libya)
‫ طرب‬ṭriba a (ṭarab) to be moved (with joy or
grief); to be delighted, be overjoyed, be
transported with joy II to delight, fill with
delight, enrapture, please, gratify (‫ ه‬s.o.);
to sing, vocalize, chant IV to delight, fill
with delight, enrapture, please, gratify (‫ه‬
s.o.); to make music; to sing, vocalize,
chant: to play music (‫ ه‬for s.o.), sing (‫ ه‬to
s.o.)
‫ طرب‬ṭarab pl. ‫ اطراب‬aṭrāb joy,
pleasure, delight, rapture; amusement,
entertainment (with music and the like);
music │ ‫ آلة الطرب‬musical instrument
‫ طرب‬ṭarib pl. ‫ طراب‬ṭarib moved (with
joy or grief), touched, affected; delighted,
enraptured, transported, pleased, charmed
‫ طروب‬ṭarūb gay, merry, lively
‫ اطرب‬aṭrab2 more delightful; making
better music, being a batter musician;
more melodious
‫ اطراب‬iṭrāb delight, delectation,
diversion
‫ مطرب‬muṭrib delightful, ravishing,
charming, amusing, entertaining;
melodious; musician; singer, vocalist,
chansonnier
‫ مطربة‬muṭriba singer, songstress,
vocalist, chanteuse
‫ طربيزة‬ṭarābēza (eg.) table
‫ طرابلس‬look up alphabetically
‫ طربوش‬ṭarbūš pl. ‫ طرابيش‬ṭarābīš tarboosh, fez
‫ طرابيشي‬ṭarābīšī tarboooh merchant
‫ مطربش‬muṭarbaš wearing a tarboosh,
tarbooshed
‫ متطربش‬mitaṭarbiš wearing a tarboosh,
tarbooshed; hence, in Eg., a member of
the white-collar class, of the educated
middle class
‫ طرح‬ṭaraḥa a (ṭarḥ) to throw, cast, fling, toss (
‫ على ب‬or ‫ ھـ‬s.th. onto or upon); to throw,
toss, or fling away, throw off, discard,
dump (‫ ب‬or ‫ ھـ‬s.th.); to remove, drive
away, expel, reject, disown, repudiate (‫ب‬
or ‫ ه‬،‫ ھـ‬s.o., s.th.): to throw or put (‫ على ھـ‬a
garment on or over s.o.); to present,
submit (‫ ه على‬s.th. to s.o.); to teach (‫ ه على‬a
tune to s.o.); to cede, surrender, yield (‫ھـ ل‬
s.th. to s.o.); to miscarry, have a
miscarriage; to deduct, subtract, discount (
‫ ھـ من‬s.th. from) │ ‫طرحه في المناقصة العامة‬
(munāqaṣa, ‘āmma) to invite tenders, or
bide, publicly for s.th. (e.g., the
government for some project); ‫طرح عليه‬
‫( سؤاال‬suālan) to put a question to s.o.; ‫طرح‬
‫( مسألة على بساط البحث‬mas’alatan, b. il-baḥt)
to broach or raise a question, present a
problem for consideration II to cause a
miscarriage (‫ ھا‬to a woman); ‫طرح ھـ اطراحا‬
(iṭṭirāḥan) to throw s.th. far away, fling
s.th. off or away III to exchange (‫ ه ھـ‬with
s.o. s.th.) │ ‫( طارحه الكالم‬kalām) to
converse with s.o., have a talk with s.o.;
‫ طارحه الحديث‬to chat with s.o., have a
conversation with s.o.; ‫( طارحه األسئلة‬as’ila)
to exchange questions with s.o. V to drop,
fall, or tumble to the ground VI to
exchange with one another (‫ ھـ‬e.g.,
thoughts) VII to be flung, be tossed, be
thrown, be rejected, be expelled, be
disowned, be repudiated; to throw o.s.
down, prostrate 555 o.s. (e.g., ‫على األرض‬
on the ground); to be thrown down, be
dropped VIII to throw far away, fling off
or away (‫ ھـ‬s.th.); to discard, throw away (
‫ ھـ‬s.th.)
‫ طرح‬ṭarḥ expulsion, rejection,
repulsion, banishment, repudiation;
miscarriage, abortion; subtraction,
deduction, discount │ ‫ طرح البحر‬ṭ. al-baḥr
(eg.) alleviation, alluvial deposits
‫ طرح‬ṭarḥ miscarried foetus
‫ طرحة‬ṭarḥa pl. ‫ طرح‬ṭuraḥ veil
(sometimes embroidered) worn by Arab
women as a headcloth; headcloth, head
veil
 ‫ طريح‬ṭarīḥ pl. ‫ طرحى‬ṭarḥā thrown
down, cast down, dumped; thrown to the
ground, felled, prostrate; expelled,
banished, rejected, disowned, repudiated
│ ‫ طريح الفراش‬bedridden, confined to bed
‫ طريحة‬ṭarīḥa assignment, task │ ‫شغل‬
‫( بالطريحة‬šugl) job work, piecework (eg.)
‫ طراحة‬ṭarrāḥa pl. ‫ طراريح‬ṭarārīḥ2
mattress; hassock, ottoman
‫ اطروحة‬uṭrūḥa dissertation, thesis (Syr.)
‫ مطرح‬maṭraḥ pl. ‫ مطارح‬maṭāriḥ2 place
where s.th. is thrown or at which s.th. is
discarded, a dump; place, spot, location,
locality; seat (in an auditorium)
‫ اطراح‬iṭrāḥ rejection, repudiation
‫ مطروح‬maṭrūḥ thrown down, out down,
damped, thrown off, discarded; lying on
the ground, prostrate; subtrahend (math.)
│ ‫ المطروح منه‬minuend (math.)
‫ منطرح‬munṭariḥ thrown down, out
down, dumped, thrown off, discarded;
expelled, banished, rejected, disowned,
repudiated
‫ طرخون‬ṭarkūn tarragon (Artemisia
dracunculus; bot.)
‫ طرد‬ṭarada u (ṭard) to drive away, chase away,
push away, shove away, reject, repel,
banish, exile, dismiss, drive out, expel,
evict (‫ ه‬،‫ ھـ من‬s.o., s.th. from); to chase,
hunt, hound (‫ ه‬،‫ ھـ‬s.o. s.th.) │ ‫طرده من‬
‫( منصبه‬manṣibihī) to relieve s.o. of his
office, dismiss s.o. II = I; III to assault,
attack (‫ ه‬،‫ ھـ‬s.o.), launch an attack (‫ ه‬،‫ھـ‬
on); to stalk (‫ ھـ‬an animal, game); to
pursue, follow (‫ ه‬،‫ ھـ‬s.o. s.th.), run after
s.o. or s.th. (‫ ه‬،‫)ھـ‬, give chase (‫ ه‬،‫ ھـ‬to) VIII
to drive away as booty (‫ ھـ‬animals); to be
consecutive, be continuous, form an
uninterrupted sequence, succeed one
another continuously; to sow
uninterruptedly, carry water perennially
(river); to progress or get on at a rapid
pace, make good headway (undertaking)
X to proceed (in one’s speech), go on to
say, continue (‫ ھـ‬s.th., e.g., one’s speech);
to change, pass on (in speech) (‫من – ل‬
from -- to); to digress (in speaking), make
an excursus │ ‫استطرد من ذلك الى قوله‬
(qaulihī) thereupon he proceeded to speak
about ..., then he broached the subject
of ..., after that he went on to say that ...
‫ طرد‬ṭard driving away, chasing away,
repulsion, expulsion, eviction, dismissal,
banishment, expatriation; pursuit, chase,
hunt; swarm (of bees); (pl. ‫ طرد‬ṭurūd)
parcel, package │ ‫بحث مسألة طردا وعكسا‬
(mas’alata ṭardan wa-‘aksan) to study a
problem from all sides, in all its aspects
‫ طرد‬ṭardī parcel-, package- (in
compounds), like a parcel or package
‫ طردة‬ṭarda (n. vic.) a driving away,
chasing away, repulsion, expulsion,
eviction, banishment
‫ طريد‬ṭarīd expelled, evicted, ousted,
outcast, outlawed, banished, exiled,
expatriate(d); fugitive, fleeing, on the 556
run; expellee; outcast, outlaw; ‫ الطريدان‬aṭ-
ṭarīdān night and day
‫ طريدة‬ṭarīda pl. ‫ طرائد‬ṭarā’id2 game
animal, game beast; game
‫ طراد‬ṭarrād cruiser (warship); (eg.)
dike, embankment, dam, levee (esp. of the
Nile)
‫ طرادة‬ṭarrāda cruiser (warship)
‫ طراد‬ṯirād pursuit, chase
‫ مطارد‬muṭārada repulsion, expulsion,
banishment; pursuit, chase; hunt │ ‫طائرة‬
‫ المطاردة‬fighter plane, pursuit plane,
interceptor
‫ اطراد‬iṭṭirād uninterrupted or regular
sequence, continuity
‫ استطراد‬istiṭrād pl. -āt digression,
divagation; excursus
‫ مطارد‬muṭārid pursuer; hunter │ ‫طائرة‬
‫ مطاردة‬fighter plane, pursuit plane,
interceptor
‫ مطرد‬muṭṭarid incessant, uninterrupted,
continuous, continual, unvarying, steady,
constant; general │ ‫ قاعدة مطردة‬general
rule; ‫ مطرد النسق‬m. an-nasaq uniform
(adj.); ‫ مطرد النغم‬m. an-nagm monotonous
(song)
‫ طرز‬II to embroider (‫ ھـ‬s.th.); to embellish (‫ ھـ‬a
story); to garnish (‫ ھـ ب‬s.th., e.g., a dish
with)
 ‫ طرز‬ṭarz pl. ‫ طروز‬ṭurūz type, model,
make, brand, sort, kind; fashion, style
‫ طرزي‬ṭarzī fashion- (in compounds)
‫ طراز‬ṭirāz pl. ‫ طرز‬ṭuruz, ‫ اطرزة‬aṭriza
type, model, class, make, brand, sort,
kind, variety, species; fashion, style;
architectural style; embroidery │ ‫من الطراز‬
‫ القديم‬old-fashioned, outmoded; ‫قديم الطراز‬
do.; ‫ مسلح بأقدم الطراز‬musallaḥ bi-aḥdat ṭ.
equipped with the latest arms; ‫من الطراز‬
‫( األول‬awwal) first-class, first-rate
‫ تطريز‬taṭrīz embroidering, embroidery
‫ طرس‬ṭirs pl. ‫ اطرس‬aṭrās, ‫ طروس‬ṭurūs sheet (of
paper); paper
‫ طرش‬ṭariša a (ṭaraš) to be or become deaf; --
ṭaraša u to vomit, throw up, disgorge II to
deafen (‫ ه‬s.o.)
‫ طرش‬ṭarš whitewashing
‫ طرش‬ṭarš pl. ‫ طروش‬ṭurūš (syr.) hard (of
cattle), flock (of sheep)
‫ طرش‬ṭaraš deafness
‫ طرشة‬ṭrša deafness
‫ اطرش‬aṭraiš2, f. ‫ طرشاء‬ṭaršā’2, pl. ‫طرش‬
ṭurš deaf ‫( اطرش اسك‬ašakk2) stone-deaf
‫ مطرش‬muṭarriš vomitive; emetic
2
‫ طرشي‬ṭuršī mixed pickles
‫ طرطر‬ṭarṭara to brag, boast, swagger, show off
‫ طرطور‬ṭurṭūr pl. ‫ طراطير‬ṭarāṭīr2 high,
conical cap (of dervisheo, clowns, etc.)
‫ طرطور‬ṭarṯūr and ‫ طراطور‬ṭarāṭūr (eg.,
syr.) a sort of mayonnaise (made of
ṭaḥīna, parsley, lemon, oil, milk, garlic
and nuts)
‫ طرطش‬ṭarṯaša to splash, bespatter, splatter (‫ه‬
s.o.); to roughcast (‫ ھـ‬a building, a wall)
‫ طرطوفة‬ṭarṭūfa end, tip, point; Jerusalem
artichoke (Helianthus tuberosus L.; bot.);
truffle
‫ طرطير‬ṭarṭīr tartar, wine stone
‫ طرف‬ṭarafa, (ṭarf) to blink, twinkle,
wink, squint (also ‫ بعينيه‬bi-‘ainaihi); --
ṭarufa u (‫ طرفة‬ṭarāfa) to be newly
acquired, be a recent acquisition IV to
feature or tell s.th. new or novel, say s.th.
new or original, introduce a novel angle or
idea; to present (‫ ه‬s.o. ‫ ب‬with s.th. new or
novel), give (‫ ه‬to s.o. ‫ ب‬s.th. new or novel)
V to be on the extreme 557 side, hold an
extreme viewpoint or position, go to
extremes, be radical, have radical views
‫ طرف‬ṭarf eye; glance, look │ ‫ما اشار‬
‫( بطرف‬ašāra) he didn’t bat an eye; ‫من طرف‬
‫( خفي‬kafīy) secretly, furtively, discreetly;
‫ كارتداد الطرف‬ka-rtidādi ṭ-ṭ. in the twinkling
of an eye, instantly
‫ طرف‬ṭaraf pl. ‫ اطراف‬aṭrāf utmost part,
outermost point, extremity, end, tip, point,
edge, fringe, limit, border; side; region,
area, section; ‫ طرف من‬part of, a bit of,
some; party (as, to a dispute, of a contract,
etc.); ṭarafa (prep.) with, at, on the part or
side of; pl. ‫ اطراف‬limbs, extremities; (with
foll. genit.) sections of, parts of │ ‫طرفي‬
‫ النھار‬tarafayi n-nahār in the morning and
in the evening, mornings and evenings;
‫( كانوا على طرفي النقيض‬ṭarafai naqīḍ) they
were at variance, they carried on a feud;
‫( كان واياه على طرفي نقيض‬wa-iyyāhu) they
held diametrically opposed views or
positions; ‫ اطراف البدن‬a. al-badan the
extremities of the bod, the limbs; ‫اطراف‬
‫ األصابع‬fingertips; ‫( على اطراف قدميه‬a.
qadamaihi) on tiptoe; ‫ اطراف المدينة‬a. al-
madīna the outskirts of the city; ‫األطراف‬
‫( المتعاقدة‬muta‘āqida) the contracting
parties; ‫ بطرف‬with, at, on the part or side
of; ‫ من طرف‬on the part of; ‫من طرف الى طرف‬
from one end to the other; ‫احزاب طرف اليمين‬
the right-wing parties; ‫جاذي اطراف الحديث‬
jādaba aṭrāfa l-ḥ. to talk, converse, have a
conversation; ‫جمع البراعة من اطرافھا‬
(barā‘ata) to be a highly efficient man, be
highly qualified; ‫ جمع اطراف الشيء‬to give a
survey or outline of s.th., summarize, sum
up s.th.; ‫ قص عليه طرفا )اطرافا( من حياته‬to tell
s.o. an episode (episodes) of one’s life
‫ طرفة‬ṭarfa: ‫ بطرفة عين‬bi-ṭ. ‘ainin and ‫في‬
‫ طرفة عين‬in the twinkling of an eye,
instantly; ‫ طرفة عين‬-- ‫( ما‬ṭarfata) not one
moment
‫ طرفة‬ṭurfa pl. ‫ طرف‬ṭuraf novelty, rarity,
curiosity, curio, rare object, choice item;
exquisite present; masterpiece, chef-
d’oeuvre; hit, high light, pièce de
résistance
 ‫ طرفاء‬ṭarfā’2 (coll.; n. un. ‫ )ة‬tamarisk
(bot.)
‫ طريف‬ṭarīf curious, strange, odd; novel,
exquisite, singular, rare, uncommon
‫ طريفة‬ṭarīfa pl. ‫ طريفة‬tarīfa rare,
exquisite thing; uncommon object or piece
(e.g., of art); pl. ‫ طرائف‬curiosities,
oddities, uncommon qualities
‫ طرافة‬ṭarāfa novelty, uncommonness,
peculiarity, oddness, strangeness,
curiosity, originality
‫ مطرف‬miṭraf, muṭraf shawl
‫ تطرف‬taṭarruf excess, excessiveness,
immoderation, extravagance, extremism,
extreme standpoint or position, radical
attitude, radicalism
‫ طارف‬ṭārif newly acquired
‫ متطرف‬mutaṭarrif utmost, outmost,
farthest outward, located at the outermost
point; extreme, extremistic; radical; an
extremist, a radical │ ‫( جھة متطرفة‬jiha)
outlying district, outskirt(s)
‫ طرق‬taraqa u (ṭarq) to knock, rap, bang (‫ ھـ‬at,
on, esp. at a door); to hammer, strike with
a hammer, forge (‫ ھـ‬s.th. esp. metal); to
come over s.o. (‫)ھـ‬, befall (‫ ب‬s.o.; of a
feeling); to come (‫ ھـ‬،‫ ه‬to, upon; also of
events); to reach (‫ ھـ‬s.th.), get to s.th. (‫)ھـ‬,
get as far as s.th. (‫ ;)ھـ‬to come by night │
‫( طرق اذنه‬udunahū) to strike s.o.’s ear,
reach s.o.’s ear; ‫( طرق بباله‬bi-bālihī) to
occur to s.o., come to s.o.’s mind; ‫طرق في‬
‫( ذھنه‬dihnihī) do.; ‫( طرق سمعه‬sam‘ahū) and
‫ طرق مسامعه‬to reach s.o.’s ear, come to
s.o.’s knowledge or attention; ‫ طرق طريقا‬to
tread, travel, follow, take, or use a road;
‫ طرق موضوعا‬to treat of a subject, discuss a
558 topic; to broach a subject, touch on a
theme II to hammer, strike with a
hammer, forge, extend (‫ ھـ‬s.th., esp. metal)
IV to bow one's head in silence │ ‫اطرق‬
‫( رأسه‬ra’sahū) or ‫ برأسه‬to bow one’s head
V to seek to gain access (‫ الى‬to); to
penetrate (‫ الى‬s.th. or into s.th.) to get (‫الى‬
to), reach (‫ الى‬s.th.), arrive (‫ الى‬at); (in a
speech, and the like) to touch (‫ الى‬on a
subject), go into s.th. (‫)الى‬, treat of s.th. (
‫( الى( │ ال يتطرق اليه شك‬šakkun) not open to
doubt, admitting no doubt
‫ طرقة‬ṭarqa (n. vic.) pl. ṭaraqāt knock,
rap(ping), bang(ing) (e.g., at a door);
blow; one time (= ‫ طرقتين‬،(‫مرة‬, ṭarqatain
twice
‫ طرقة‬ṭurqa way, road; passage,
passageway, alleyway, corridor
‫ طريق‬ṭarīq m. and f., pl. ‫ طرق‬ṭuruq,
‫ طرقات‬ṭuruqāt way; road, highway; trail,
track, path; method │ ‫ طريق الجو‬ṭ. al-jaww
air route; ‫ طريق البحر‬ṭ. al-baḥr sea route;
‫( طريق رئيسي‬ra’īsī) main road; ‫طريق عام‬
(‘āmm) public road, highway,
thoroughfare; ‫‘( طريق عمومية‬umūmīya) do.;
‫ عن طريق‬by way of, via; by means of,
through; ‫( عن طريق الجو‬ṭ. il-jaww) by air;
‫ من طريق‬by means of, through; ‫عابر الطريق‬
wanderer, wayfarer; ‫ قاطع الطريق‬pl. ‫قطاع‬
‫ الطريق‬quṭṭā‘ aṭ-ṭ. highwayman, wayfarer,
brigand; ‫ قاطع الطريق‬to commit highway
robbery; ‫ كان في طريقه‬to have sense, be
sensible or normal
‫ طريقة‬ṭarīqa pl. ‫ طرائق‬ṭarā’iq2, ‫طرق‬
ṭuruq manner, mode, means; way,
method, procedure; system; creed, faith,
religion; (pl. -āt, ‫ طرق‬ṭuruq) religious
brotherhood, dervish order │ ‫طريقة‬
‫ االستعمال‬directions for use
‫ طرقي‬ṭuruqī pl. -ūn adherent of a
religious brotherhood
‫ مطرق‬miṭraq and ‫ مطرقة‬miṭraqa pl.
‫ مطارق‬maṭāriq2 hammer
‫ مطراق‬miṭrāq versatile, many-sided, of
varied skills or talents
‫ اطراقة‬iṭrāqa (n. vic.) a bowing of the
head
‫ استطراق‬istiṭrāq transit permission, free
passage or entry
‫ طارق‬ṭāriq pl. ‫ طراق‬ṭurrāq knocking,
rapping, banging, striking, beating;
nocturnal visitor
‫ طارقة‬ṭāriqa pl. ‫ طوارق‬ṭawāriq2
misfortune, disaster, calamity
‫ مطروق‬maṭrūq much-frequented,
muchtraveled, well-trodden (road, trail,
path) │ ‫ موضوع مطروق‬a much-discussed,
frequently treated subject
‫ مطرق‬muṭriq and ‫ مطرق الرأس‬with
bowed head
‫ طرقع‬ṭarqa‘a (eg.) to crack (intr., also trans.: ‫ب‬
or ‫ ھـ‬s.th., e.g., a whip); to crack, crunch (
‫ ھـ‬s.th.)
‫ طارمة‬ṭārima pl. -āt kiosk, booth, cabin, stall
‫ طرمبة‬ṭurumba pl. -āt pump
‫ )طرو‬and ‫ طرو )طرى‬ṭaruwa u, ‫ طري‬ṭariya a (
‫ طراوة‬ṭarāwa) to be or become fresh,
succulent, moist, tender, soft, mild II to
make fresh, succulent, moist, tender, soft,
mild (‫ ھـ‬s.th.); to moisten, wet (‫ ھـ‬s.th.); to
perfume, scent (‫ ھـ‬s.th.) IV to praise
(highly), extol, laud (‫ ه‬s.o.), lavish praise (
‫ ه‬on s.o.)
‫ طري‬ṭarīy fresh, succulent, new; moist;
tender, soft, mild
‫ طراوة‬ṭarāwa freshness, succulence,
moistness; tenderness, softness, mildness
│ ‫ طراوة الخلق‬ṭ. al-kulq gentleness; softness
of character
‫ اطرية‬iṭriya vermicelli
‫ اطراء‬iṭrā’ (high) commendation,
praise, laudation, extolment 559
‫ طروادة‬ṭirwāda2 (from Fr. Troade) Troy
‫ طازج‬ṭāzaj look up alphabetically
‫( طزلق‬Turk. tozluk) ṭuzluq pl. ‫ طزالق‬ṭazāliq2
gaiter(s), legging(s)
‫ طازة‬ṭāza look up alphabetically
‫( طزينة‬It. dozzina) pl. ‫ طزازن‬ṭazāzin2 dozen
‫ طست‬ṭast, ṭist pl. ‫ طسوت‬ṭusūt basin; washbasin,
washbowl ‫ طعن‬ṭa‘ana u a (ṭa‘n) to thrust, pierce, transfix
‫ طشت‬ṭašt, ṭišt pl. ‫ طشوت‬ṭušūt basin; washbasin,
washbowl
‫ طشقند‬ṭašqand Tashkent (capital of Uzbek
S.S.R.)
‫ طصلق‬ṭaṣlaqa (eg.) to do inaccurately, perform
sloppily, bungle, botch, scamp (‫ ھـ‬a job,
work)
‫ طصلقة‬ṭaṣlaqa inaccurate, sloppy, or
slipsbod work
‫ طعم‬ṭa‘ima a (ṭa‘m) to eat (‫ ھـ‬s.th.); to taste (‫ھـ‬
s.th.); to relish, enjoy, savor (A s.th.) II to
graft, engraft (‫ ھـ‬s.th.); to inoculate,
vaccinate (‫ ب ه‬s.o. with); to inlay (‫ب ھـ‬
s.th. with, e.g., wood with ivory) IV to
feed, give to eat (‫ ھـ ه‬s.o. s.th.), nourish (‫ھـ‬
‫ ه‬s.o. with), serve food or drink (‫ )ھـ‬to s.o.
(‫( ه( │ اطعمه من جوع‬jū‘) to appease s.o.’s
hunger V to taste (‫ ھـ‬s.th.) X = V; to ask
for food
‫ طعم‬ṭa‘m pl. ‫ طعوم‬ṭu‘ūm taste, flavor,
savor; pleasing flavor, relish
‫ طعمية‬ṭa‘mīya (eg.) patty made of beans,
and seasoned with onion, garlic and
parsley
‫ طعم‬ṭu‘m graft, cion; bait, lure, decoy;
(pl. ‫ طعوم‬ṭu‘ūm) vaccine
‫ طعم‬ṭa‘im tasty, savory, delicious
‫ طعمة‬ṭu‘ma pl. ‫ طعم‬ṭu‘am food; bait;
quarry, catch, bag │ ‫اصبح طعمة النيران‬
aṣbaḥa ṭu‘mata n-nīrān to be destroyed by
fire; ‫( طعمة لمدافع الحرب‬li-madāfi‘i l-ḥarb)
cannon fodder
‫ طعام‬ṭa‘ām pl. ‫ اطعمة‬aṭ‘ima, food,
nourishment, nutriment, fare, diet; meal,
repast │ ‫( اضرب عن الطعام‬aḍraba) to go on
a hunger strike
‫ مطعم‬maṭ‘am pl. ‫ مطاعم‬maṭā‘im2 eating
house, restaurant; dining room; mess,
messhall (on a ship); food │ ‫ مطعم الشعب‬m.
aš-ša‘b and ‫ مطعم شعبي‬soup kitchen
‫ تطعيم‬taṭ‘īm inoculation, vaccination;
inlay work │ ‫ تطعيم القرنية‬t. al-qarnīya
transplantation of the cornea (med.)
‫ اطعام‬iṭ‘ām feeding
‫ مطعوم‬maṭ‘ūm tasted; already known
(‫ ه‬،‫ ب ھـ‬s.o., s.th. with); to stab (‫ ه‬s.o.); to
defame, discredit, hurt (with words; ‫ على‬or
‫ في‬s.o., s.th.), speak evil (‫ على‬or ‫ في‬of); to
contest, challenge, impeach (‫ في حكم‬a
judgment), appeal (‫ في حكم‬against a
judgment); to refute. disprove (‫ في‬s.th.); to
penetrate, enter (‫ في‬s.th. or into s.th.) │
‫( طعن في السن‬sinn) to be advanced in years,
be old; ‫( طعن في القول‬qaul) to refute a
(theological) doctrine VI to thrust each
other; to attack each other, battle one
another
‫ طعن‬ṭa‘n piercing, transfixion;
slandering, calumniation, defamation;
appeal (‫ في‬against; jur.), challenge,
contestation, impeachment (‫ في‬of; jur.); pl.
 ‫ طعون‬ṭu‘ūn calumnies, defamations;
attacks
‫ طعنة‬ṭa‘na (n. vic.) pl. ṭa‘anāt stab,
thrust; attack; calumny, defamation,
vilification
2
‫ طاعون‬ṭā‘ūn pl. ‫ طواعين‬ṭawā‘īn plague,
pestilence │ ‫( الطاعون الدملي‬dummalī)
bubonic plague; ‫( الطاعون البقري‬baqarī) and
‫ طاعون الماشية‬ṭ. al-māšiya rinderpest, cattle
plague, steppe murrain 560
‫ مطاعن‬maṭā‘in2 (pl.) invectives, abuses (
‫ في‬against s.o.)
‫ طاعن‬ṭā‘in and ‫( طاعن في السن‬sinn) aged,
old, advanced in years │ ‫رسالة طاعنة‬
lampoon
‫ مطعون‬maṭ‘ūn plague-infected, plague-
stricken
1
‫ طغار‬an Iraqi weight equaling 2000 kg, in
Basra 1537 kg
2 fire, thirst), slake (‫ ھـ‬thirst, also lime) │
‫ طغراء‬ṭugrā’ pl. -āt tughra, calligraphically
intricate signature of the Ottoman Sultan,
interwoven with his father’s name and his
own honorific, customarily used on
written decrees, state documents and coins
‫ طغرى‬ṭugrā = ‫ طغراء‬ṭugrā’2
‫ طغام‬ṭagām common people, populace; lowly,
insignificant
‫ طغمة‬ṭugma, ṭagma pl. -āt band, troop,
group
(‫ طغو‬and ‫ طغي( طغا‬ṭagā u and ‫ طغى‬ṭagā a (ṭagy)
and ṭagiya a (‫ طغى‬ṭagan, ‫ طغيان‬ṭugyān) to
exceed proper bounds, overstep the
bounds, be excessive; to be rough,
tumultuous, rage (sea); to overflow, leave
its banks (river); to flood, overflow,
inundate, deluge (‫ على‬s.th.); to overcome,
seize, grip, befall (‫ على‬s.o.); to be
tyrannical or cruel (‫ على‬against s.o.),
tyrannize, oppress, terrorize (‫ على‬s.o.), ride
roughshod (‫ على‬over s.o.); -- ‫ طغى‬ṭagā a to
predominate, prevail, preponderate (‫على‬
in, at), dominate, outweigh, outbalance (
‫ على‬s.th.), be preponderant (‫ على‬over, in
comparison with s.th.)
‫ طغوان‬ṭugwān flood, inundation, deluge
‫ طغيان‬ṭugyān flood, inundation, deluge;
tyranny, oppression, suppression,
repression, terrorization
‫ طاغ‬ṭāgin pl. ‫ طغاة‬ṭugāh tyrant,
oppressor, despot
‫ طاغ‬ṭāgiya tyrant, oppressor, despot;
bully, brute, gorilla
‫ طاغوت‬ṭāgūt an idol, a false god; seducer,
tempter (to error)
‫ طف‬II to make deficient or scanty (‫ ھـ‬s.th.); to
be niggardly, stingy (‫ على‬toward s.o.), stint
(‫ على‬s.o.)
‫ طفيف‬ṭafīf deficient; small, little, slight,
trivial, trifling, insignificant,
inconsiderable
‫ تطفيف‬taṭfīf stinting, scrimping,
niggardliness, stinginess, parsimony
‫ طفئ‬ṭafi’a a (‫ طفوء‬ṭufū’) to go out, die
down, be extinguished (fire, light); to be
out, have gone out (fire, lamp) IV to put
out, extinguish, smother, stifle (‫ ھـ‬a fire),
turn off, switch off (‫ ھـ‬light); to quench (‫ھـ‬
‫اطفأ جذوة يومه واحرق فحمة ليله في العمل‬
(jadwata yaumihi wa-aḥraqa faḥmata
lailihi fī l-‘amal) to work day and night
VII = ‫ طفئ‬ṭafi’a
□ ‫ طفاية‬ṭaffāya fire-extinguishing device
‫ مطفأة‬miṭfa’a pl. ‫ مطافئ‬maṭāfi’
firefighting equipment, fire extinguisher,
fire engine │ ‫ رجال المطافئ‬the fire
department, the firemen
‫ اطفاء‬iṭfā’ putting out, quenching,
extinguishing, extinction, fire fighting │
‫ جھاز اطفاء الحريق‬jahāz i. al-ḥarīq
firefighting equipment ‫ رجال اإلطفاء‬the fire
department, the firemen; ‫عمليات اإلطفاء‬
‘amalīyāt al-i. fire-fighting operations
‫ اطفائي‬iṭfā’ī fireman
‫ اطفائية‬iṭfā’īya fire department
‫ مطفأ‬muṭfa’ extinguished, gone out, out;
mat, dull, flat, lusterless 561
‫ طفح‬ṭafaḥa a (ṭafḥ, ‫ طفوح‬ṭufūḥ) to flow over,
run over, overflow (‫ ب‬with, also, e.g., the
heart with generosity, etc.); to cause to
overflow (‫ ب‬e.g., the milk) II to fill to
overflowing, fill to the brim (‫ ھـ‬a vessel);
to overfill (‫ ھـ‬s.th.) IV = II
‫ طفح‬ṭafḥ superabundance, repletion;
skin eruption, rash, exanthema (med.)
 ‫ طفحة‬ṭafḥa skin eruption, rash,
exanthema (med.)
‫ طفحي‬ṭafḥī eruptive, exanthematic
(med.)
‫ طفوح‬ṭufūḥ superabundance, repletion
‫ طفاحة‬ṭufāḥa skimmings, foam, froth
‫ طفحان‬ṭafḥān2, f. ‫ طفحى‬ṭafḥā flowing
over, running over, brimful, replete,
overfull, filled to overflowing
‫ مطفحة‬miṭfaḥa skimmer, skimming ladle
‫ طفح‬ṭāfiḥ flowing over, running over,
brimful, replete, overfull, filled to
overflowing
‫ طفر‬ṭafara i (ṭafr) to jump, leap, bounce │
‫ طفرت جوانحھا‬approx.: her bosom heaved
violently (with joyous agitation)
‫ طفرة‬ṭafra jump, leap, bounce, bound;
impulsive motion, impetuosity; upswing,
rise, upturn, successful step; ṭafratan in
one leap
‫ طفران‬ṭafrān pauper, have-not
2
□ ‫ طفر‬ṭafar (=‫ )ثفر‬crupper (of the saddle)
‫ طفش‬ṭafaša i (ṭafš) to run away, flee, escape
(eg.)
‫ طفق‬ṭafiqa a (ṭafaq) with foll. imperf.: to
begin, set out to do s.th.; to do s.th.
suddenly
‫ على‬II to intrude, obtrude, impose o.s. (‫على‬
upon); to sponge (‫ على‬on s.o., ‫ على مائدته‬at
s.o.’s table), live at other people’s expense
V = II; to arrive uninvited or at an
inconvenient time, disturb, intrude; to be
obtrusive
‫ طفل‬ṭafl tender, soft; potter’s clay, argil
‫ طفل‬ṭifl pl. ‫ اطفال‬aṭfāl infant, baby, child
‫ طفلة‬ṭifla little girl
‫ طفلي‬ṭiflī child (adj.), baby (adj.),
children’s, of or pertaining to childhood or
infancy; infantile, childlike, childish │
‫( الطب الطفلي‬ṭibb) pediatrics
‫ طفل‬ṭafal infancy, babyhood, early
childhood; childhood, childhood stage
‫ طفل‬ṭafla potter’s clay, argil
‫ طفال‬ṭufāl potter’s clay; argil; clay, loam
‫ طفالة‬ṭafāla infancy, babyhood, early
childhood; childhood, childhood stage;
initial stage, beginnings, dawn, early
period
‫ طفولة‬tufūla infancy, babyhood, early
childhood; childhood, childhood stage;
children
‫ طفولية‬ṭufūlīya infancy, babyhood, early
childhood; childhood, childhood stage
‫ طفولي‬ṭufūlī child (adj.), baby (adj.),
children’s, of or pertaining to childhood or
infancy; infantile, childlike, childish
‫ طفيلي‬ṭufailī uninvited guest, intruder,
obtruder, sponger, hanger-on, parasite,
sycophant; pl. ‫ طفيليات‬parasites (med.,
biol.) │ ‫‘ علم الطفيليات‬ilm aṭ. parasitology
‫ متطفل‬mutaṭaffil parasitic(al); parasite,
sponger, uninvited guest
‫ )طفا )طفو‬ṭafā u (‫ طفو‬ṭafw, ṭufūw) to
float, drift; to emerge, rise to the surface │
‫( طفا به الى السطح‬saṭḥ) to bring s.th. to the
surface 562
‫ طفاءة‬ṭufā’a anything drifting or
floating, driftage, floatage, flotsam; halo
(around the sun or moon)
‫ طاف‬ṭāfin superficial
‫ طافية‬ṭāfiya floating iceberg
□ ‫ طفاية‬ṭaffāya see ‫طفئ‬
‫ طق‬ṭaqqa u (ṭaqq) to crack, pop; to clack,
smack, flap; to burst, explode
‫ طقس‬II to introduce into one of the
orders of the ministry (Chr.) V to perform
a rite, follow a ritual
‫ طقس‬ṭaqs weather; climate; -- (pl. ‫طقوس‬
ṭuqūs) rite, ritual; religious custom; order
of the ministry, clerical rank (Chr.)
‫ طقسي‬ṭaqsī liturgical; liturgist (Chr.);
‫ الطقسيات‬aṭ-ṭaqsīyāt the liturgical books
(Chr.)
‫ طقطق‬ṭaqṭaqa to crack, snap, rattle,
clatter, chug, pop, crash; to crackle,
(de)crepitate, rustle
‫ طقطوقة‬ṭaqṭūqa crash, bang; clap, thud, crack,
pop; (pl. ‫ طقاطيق‬ṭaqāṭīq) ditty, gay, popular
song
‫ طقم‬II to harness, bridle (‫ ھـ‬a horse)
 ‫ طقم‬ṭaqm pl. ‫ طقوم‬ṭuqūm, ‫ طقومة‬ṭuqūma,
‫ اطقم‬aṭqum a number of complementary
objects or things; series; suit (of clothes);
set (of tools, and the like); harness (of a
horse); service (e.g., of china, etc.) │ ‫طقم‬
‫ األسنان‬denture, set of teeth
‫ طاقم‬tāqim = ṭaqm; crew (of a ship) │
‫ طاقم األسنان‬denture, set of teeth
‫ طل‬ṭalla u (ṭall) to bespray, besprinkle,
bedrizzle, bedew (‫ ھـ‬s.th., esp. the sky --
the earth); -- ṭalla u to emerge, rise, loom
up, come into view, appear, show IV to
look down (‫ على‬upon), tower (‫ على‬above),
command a view of s.th. (‫)على‬, overlook,
survey (‫ على‬s.th.); to command, dominate,
overtop (‫ على‬s.th., e.g., the surrounding
area); (of a room, window, etc.) to open (
‫ على‬upon, to, toward), give (‫ على‬on), face (
‫ على‬toward); to look out, peek out, peep
out (‫ من‬of s.th.); to appear, show
‫ طل‬ṭall pl. ‫ اطالل‬ṭilāl dew; fine rain,
drizzle
‫ طلل‬ṭalal pl. ‫ اطالل‬aṭlāl, ‫ طلول‬ṭulūl, used
chiefly in the pl.: remains, ruins (of
houses); remains, or traces, of an
abandoned encampment
‫ مطلول‬maṭlūl: ‫( دم مطلول‬dam) unavenged
blood
‫ طلب‬ṭalaba u (ṭalab, ‫ مطلب‬maṭlab) to look,
search (‫ ه‬،‫ ھـ‬for s.o., for s.th.); to set out (‫ھـ‬
for a place). get on one’s way (‫ ھـ‬to), go to
see (‫ ه‬،‫ ھـ‬s.o., s.th.); to request (‫ ھـ‬s.th.),
apply (‫ ھـ‬for); to seek, try to obtain, claim
(‫ من ھـ‬s.th. from), ask, beg (‫ ھـ من‬s.o. for);
to demand, exact, require (‫ ھـ الى‬of s.o.
s.th.); to want, wish (‫ من ھـ‬s.th. from; ‫الى‬
s.o. ‫ ان‬to do s.th.); to call (‫ الى‬upon s.o.),
appeal (‫ الى‬to s.o.), invite, request, entreat,
beseech (‫ الى‬s.o.); to order, demand (‫ھـ من‬
s.th. from), call (‫ ھـ‬for s.th., ‫ من‬from), call
in (‫ ھـ‬s.th., ‫ من‬from); to be after s.o. or s.th.
(‫ ه‬،‫ ;)ھـ‬to study III to demand back,
reclaim (‫ ب‬or ‫ ھـ ه‬from s.o. s.th.), call for
the return or restitution of s.th. (‫ ب‬or ‫)ھـ‬,
demand, claim (‫ ب‬or ‫ ھـ ه‬from s.o. s.th.); to
demand, claim (‫ ب‬s.th.) V to require,
necessitate, make necessary or requisite (
‫ ھـ‬s.th.) VII pass. of I
‫ طلب‬ṭalab search, quest, pursuit; -- (pl.
-āt) demand, claim, call (for), invitation
(to), solicitation, wish, desire, request,
entreaty j application, petition; order,
commission; demand (com.); study │ ‫تحت‬
‫ طلبه‬at s.o.’s disposal; ‫ عند الطلب‬and ‫لدى‬
‫ الطلب‬on demand, by request, if desired, on
application; O ‫ لحين الطلب‬li-ḥīn ṭ-ṭalab at
sight (com.); ‫‘( العرض والطلب‬arḍ) supply
and demand; ٥٦٣ ‫ طلب العلم‬ṭ. al-‘ilm quest
of knowledge, craving for knowledge,
studiousness; ‫ طلب عدم الثقة‬ṭ. ‘adam at-tiqa
motion of “no confidence” (parl.)
‫ طلبة‬ṭalba litany, prayer (Chr.)
‫ طلبة‬ṭaliba, ṭilba desire, wish, request,
demand; application
‫ طلبية‬ṭalabīya pl. -āt order, commission
(com.)
‫ طالب‬ṭallāb exacting, persistently
claiming or demanding
‫ مطلب‬maṭlab search, quest, pursuit; --
(pl. .,.Jll.. m< ‫الى‬dlib') demand, oall (for);
request, wish; claim; problem, issue; pl.
‫( مطالب‬claims of the government =) taxes
‫ مطالبة‬muṭālaba demand; cell, appeal
(with genit. or ‫ ب‬for); claim (with genit. or
‫ ب‬to)
‫ طالب‬ṭālib pl. ‫ طالب‬ṭullāb, ‫ طلبة‬ṭalaba
seeker, pursuer; claimer, claimant;
applicant, petitioner; candidate; student,
scholar, also ‫ طالب العلم‬ṭ. al-‘ilm; pupil; a
naval rank, approx.: midshipman (Eg.
1939) │ ‫( طالب ممتاز‬mumtāz) a naval rank,
approx.: ensign (Eg. 1939); ‫طالب الحاجات‬
petitioners; ‫ طالب الزواج‬ṭ. az-zawāj suitor
‫ طالبي‬ṭālibī student’s, student- (in
compounds), of or pertaining to studies or
students
‫ مطلوب‬maṭlūb wanted (in classified
ads); due, owed (money); unknown (of a
quantity; math.); (pl. ‫ مطالب‬maṭālib2) wish,
desire; pl. ‫ طلب‬liabilities, debts; pl. ‫مطاليب‬
claims
‫ مطالب‬muṭālib claimer, claimant; --
muṭālab one of whom s.th. or s.o. (‫ )ب‬is
demanded, one accountable (‫ ب‬for), held
answerable (‫ ب‬for)
‫ متطلبات‬mutaṭallabāt requirements
‫ طلح‬ṭalaḥa u (‫ طالح‬ṭalāḥ) to be or become bad,
evil, wioked, vicioUi. depraved
 ‫ طلح‬ṭalḥ (coll.; n. un. ‫ )ة‬pl. ‫ طلوح‬ṭulūḥ a
variety of accacia (Acacia gummifera);
banana tree; banana
‫ طلحية‬ṭalḥīya pl. ‫ طالحى‬ṭalāḥīy sheet of
paper
‫ طليحة‬ṭalīḥa (syr.) ream of paper
‫ طالح‬ṭāliḥ bed, evil, wicked, vicious,
depraved, villainous
1
‫ طلس‬ṭalasa i (ṭals) to efface, obliterate, blot
out (‫ ھـ‬s.th., esp. writing)
‫ طلس‬ṭals effacement, obliteration
‫ طلس‬ṭils effaced, obliterated, blotted out
(inscription); illegible
2
‫ اطلس‬aṭlas2 satin; (pl. ‫ اطالس‬aṭālis 2) atlas,
volume of geographical maps
1 privy (‫ على‬to), be in on s.th. (‫ ;)على‬to find
‫طلسانة‬ṭalasāna (eg.) coping (arch.)
2
‫ طيلسان‬ṭailasān pl. ‫ طيالسة‬ṭayālisa look up
alphabetically
‫ طلسم‬ṭilasm, ṭilasm pl. -āt, ‫ طالسم‬ṭalāsim2
talisman, a seal, or the like, inscribed with
mysterious words or characters; charm,
magical combination of words; pl. ‫طالسم‬
cryptic characters
‫ طلع‬ṭala‘a u (‫ طلوع‬ṭulū‘, ‫ مطلع‬maṭla‘) to rise,
ascend, come up (esp. of celestial bodies);
to come into view, appear, show, become
visible; to erupt (tooth), come up, sprout,
break forth (plant); to go out, get out,
come out, emerge (‫ من‬from); to come
suddenly (‫ على‬upon s.o. or s.th.), overtake
(‫ على‬s.o., s.th.); ‫ طلع عليه ب‬to take or bring
to s.o. s.th.; -- ṭala‘a a u (‫ طلوع‬ṭulū‘) and
ṭali‘a a to mount, ascend, climb, scale (‫ھـ‬
s.th.); to get (‫ ھـ‬on top of s.th., aboard
s.th., into an automobile, on a train, etc.),
board (‫ ھـ‬a train, etc.) III to read, peruse (
‫ ھـ‬s.th.); to study (‫ ھـ‬s.th.); to look (‫ ھـ‬at
s.th.), 564 inspect, view (‫ ھـ‬s.th.); to
acquaint (‫ ھـ‬s.o. ‫ ب‬with), make clear,
elucidate, explain, expound, disclose (‫ب ه‬
to s.o. s.th.), give an insight (‫ ب ه‬to s.o.
into), let s.o. (‫ )ه‬in on s.th. (‫ ;)ب‬to shine (‫ھـ‬
on s.th.; of the sun) IV to erupt (tooth),
come up, sprout, break forth (plant); to
acquaint (‫ على ه‬s.o. with); to inform (‫ ه‬s.o.
‫ من‬or ‫ على‬of or about), apprise, notify (‫عن‬
or ‫ على ه‬s.o. of), let s.o. (‫ )ه‬know (‫ على‬s.th.
or about s.th.), tell (‫ على ه‬s.o. about); to
demonstrate, point out, disclose, reveal,
show (‫ على ه‬to s.o. s.th.); to give an insight
(‫ على ه‬to s.o. into), let s.o. (‫ )ه‬in on s.th. (
‫ )على‬V to have an eye on s.th. (‫)الى‬, wait,
look out (‫ الى‬for); to watch (‫ الى‬for); to
strive, be out (‫ الى‬for), be bent (‫ الى‬on); to
look (‫ الى‬at s.o.), regard (‫ الى‬s.o.); to look
attentively or closely, gaze, stare (‫ ب‬or ‫في‬
at) VIII to look; to see, behold, view (‫على‬
s.th.); to study, come to know (‫ على‬s.th.),
become acquainted (‫ على‬with), become
aware or cognizant (‫ على‬of), obtain
information (‫ على‬about), be informed (‫على‬
of); to inspect, examine (‫ على‬s.th.), look
into s.th. (‫ ;)على‬to know (‫ على‬s.th. or of
s.th.), be aware, be cognizant (‫ على‬of); to
be (well) informed (‫ على‬about), have
(inside) information (‫ على‬of), be
(thoroughly) acquainted (‫ على‬with), be
out, discover, detect (‫ على‬s.th.) X to seek
to discover, explore, scout, reconnoiter (‫ھـ‬
s.th.); to inquire (‫ ھـ‬about s.th.); to arouse
curiosity (‫ ه‬in s.o.) │ ‫( استطلعه رأيه‬ra’yahū)
to consult s.o.) ask s.o.’s advice or
opinion; ‫( استطلع خبره‬kabarahū) to seek
information about s.o. or s.th.
‫ طلع‬ṭal‘ (also coll.) spadix or
inflorescence of the palm tree; pollen
‫ طلعة‬ṭal‘a look(s), appearance, aspect,
outward appearance, guise
‫ طلعة‬ṭula‘a inquisitive, nosy, curious
‫ طالع‬ṭallā‘ striving, aspiring │ ‫طالع‬
‫( الثنايا واألنجد‬tanāyā, anjud) efficient,
energetic, vigorous; ‫طالع الى التعرف‬
(ta‘arruf) curious, eager for news
‫ طلوع‬ṭulū‘ rising, going up, ascending,
ascension; rise (esp. of celestial bodies);
appearance; climbing, ascent (of a
mountain)
‫ طليعة‬ṭalī‘a pl. ‫ مطالع‬maṭāli‘ front row,
foremost rank, vanguard, avant-garde; pl.
harbingers, precursors, presages, portents,
first indications, symptoms; beginnings │
‫ في الطليعة‬in front, at the head, in the lead
‫ مطلع‬maṭla‘ pl. ‫ مطالع‬maṭāli‘ rise, time
of rising (of celestial bodies); point of
ascent; starting point, point, of departure;
break (e.g., of day), dawn (e.g., of an era);
onset, outset, start, beginning;
introduction, preface, proem; opening
verses (of a poem); prelude; lookout;
ladder, steps, stairs
‫ مطالعة‬muṭāla‘a reading, perusal, study;
(pl. -āt) (official) announcement │ ‫قاعة‬
‫ المطالعة‬reading room, study hall
‫ تطلع‬taṭallu‘ striving, aspiration,
endeavor, aim; inquisitiveness, curiosity
‫ اطالع‬iṭṭilā‘ pl. -āt study, examination,
inspection; perusal; information,
intelligence, knowledge; notice,
cognizance; acquaintance, conversance,
familiarity
‫ استطالع‬istiṭlā‘ study, research,
investigation, probing; scouting,
reconnoitering, reconnaissance;
exploration; suspense (in anticipation of
s.th.) │ ‫ حب االستطالع‬ḥubb al-ist.
inquisitiveness, curiosity;
‫( حبا في االستطالع‬ḥubban) out of
curiosity; ‫ طائرة االستطالع‬reconnaissance
plane
‫ استطالعي‬istiṭlā‘ī research-, study- (in
compounds), explorational, exploratory,
fact-finding; scout-, reconnaissance- (in
compounds) 565
‫ طالع‬ṭāli‘ pl. ‫ طوالع‬ṭawāli‘2 rising,
ascending (esp. a celestial body); star of
destiny; ascendant, nativity │ ‫حسن الطالع‬
ḥusn aṭ-ṭ. good fortune, lucky star, good
luck; ‫ لحسن طالعي‬luckily for me,
fortunately; ‫ سيء الطالع‬sayyi’ aṭ-ṭ. ill-
starred, ill-fated, unfortunate, unlucky;
hapless person; ‫( ساء طالعه‬ṭāli‘uhū) he fell
on evil days, he met with ill fortune
‫ طالعة‬ṭāli‘a out-set, beginning, start
‫ مطالع‬muṭāli‘ reader
‫ متطلع‬mutaṭalli‘ curious, eager, waiting
(‫ الى‬for)
‫ مطلع‬muṭṭali‘ viewer, observer;
informed (‫ على‬about, of), acquainted,
familiar (‫ على‬with), cognizant (‫ على‬of),
privy (‫ على‬to)
‫ طلق‬țaluqa u (‫ طالقة‬ṭalāqa) to he
cheerful, jovial, happy (face,
countenance); -- ṭalaqāt u, ṭaluqat u (‫طالق‬
ṭalāq) to be divorced, get a. divorce (said
of a woman); -- pass ṭuliqat (‫ طلق‬ṭalq) to
be in labor II to set loose, release, set free,
let go (‫ ه‬،‫ ھـ‬s.o., s.th.); to leave, forsake (
‫ ه‬،‫ ھـ‬s.o., s.th.); to repudiate, divorce (‫زوجته‬
zaujatahū one’s wife); to grant a divorce
decree (‫ على‬against a woman; said of the
judge) │ ‫( طلقت نفسھا‬nafsahā) she
dissolved her marriage, got a divorce; ‫طلقت‬
‫( عليه‬ṭulliqat) she was granted a divorce
from him (by judicial decree) IV to undo,
loose, disengage (‫ ھـ‬s.th.); to free, set free
(‫ ه‬،‫ ھـ‬s.o., s.th., also chem.), release, set at
liberty, let go, let off, set loose (‫ ه‬،‫ ھـ‬s.o.,
s.th.); to send out, dispatch (‫ ه‬،‫ ھـ‬s.o.,
s.th.); to discharge (‫ ھـ‬a firearm), fire (‫ھـ‬
s.th., ‫ على‬at), shoot (‫ على‬at); to utter, emit (
‫ ھـ‬a sound); to let burst forth (‫ ھـ‬laughter);
to repudiate, divorce (‫ زوجته‬zaujatahu
one’s wife); to generalize (‫ ھـ‬s.th.); to
apply (‫ ھـ‬s.th., e.g., an expression, a
designation, ‫ على‬to) │ ‫ اطلق عليه اسم‬...
(isma) to name or call s.th. ..., designate
s.th. as ...; ‫( يطلق على‬yuṭlaqu) it has
(absolute) validity for ..., it applies to ...;
‫( اطلق الحبل على الغارب‬ḥabla) to give free
rein, impose no restraints, let things take
their course; ‫( اطلق حربا من عقالھا‬ḥarban) to
unleash a war; ‫( اطلق الدواء بطنه‬dawā’u
baṭnahū) the medicine loosened his
bowels; ‫( اطلق الرصاص على‬raṣāṣa) to fire,
shoot at; ‫( اطلق رجليه الى الريح‬rijlaihi, rīḥ) to
run away head over heels, to beat it; ‫اطلق‬
‫( ساقيه للريح‬sāqaihī) to run away head over
heels, dash off like the wind, to bolt; ‫اطلق‬
‫ االرادة‬to give a free hand (‫ ل‬to s.o. ‫ في‬in
s.th. or to do s.th.); ‫ اطلق سبيله‬to release
s.o., set s.o. free, let s.o. go; ‫اطلق السبيل‬
‫( لعبرته‬li-‘abratihī) to let one’s tears flow
freely; ‫( اطلق سراحه‬sarāḥahū) to set s.o. at
liberty, free s.o., release s.o. (from jail or
custody); ‫ اطلق العنان له‬to give free rein to
s.o. or s.th., give vent to s.th.; ‫اطلق لحيته‬
(liḥyatahū) to let one’s beard grow; ‫اطلق‬
‫ لسانه فيه اطالقا شنيعا‬to indulge in defamatory
remarks about s.o., backbite s.o.; ‫اطلق‬
‫( السنتھم بـ‬alsinatahum) to incite s.o., e.g., a
crowd, the mob (to boisterous
demonstrations, emotional outbursts, and
the like); ‫( اطلق النفس على سجيتھا‬nafsa,
sajīyatihā) he gave free rein to his
instincts; ‫ اطلق النار على‬to open fire on, fire
or shoot at; ‫ اطلق النار فى‬to set fire to, set
s.th. on fire; ‫( اطلق يده ب‬yadahū) to be
openhanded with, bestow s.th. lavishly;
‫ )اطلق يده في )ل‬to give s.o. a free hand (in,
to do s.th.), give s.o. unlimited authority
for; ‫( اطلقوا ايديھم في البالد‬aidiyahum) they
did as they pleased
with the country, they dealt high,
handedly with the country V to brighten-
beam, be radiant (with joy) │ ‫تطلق وجھھا‬
‫( بابتسامة‬wajhuhū bi-btisāma) her face
broke into a radiant smile VII to be free,
be loose, be set free (also chem.); to be
emitted, emanate; to race along, sweep
along, dash along; to hurry, rush (‫ الى‬to);
to be hurled off, be flung away; 566 to be
discharged, be fired (firearm); to explode,
go off; to burst forth, burst out, ring out
(shouts, voices); to take off, start off,
decamp, depart (‫ من‬from); to start rolling,
move off, pull out (train, vehicle); to go
on, proceed on one’s way, to go away,
leave; to go by, pass, elapse, (hours,
years); to brighten, beam (face); with ‫ب‬:
to utter s.th. (tongue); with foll. imperf.: to
set out to do s.th., begin or start with s.th.
│ ‫( انطلق يجري‬yajrī) he set out in a hurry;
‫( انطلق مسرعا‬musri‘an) he went away
quickly, rushed away, dashed off; ‫انطلق‬
‫( لسانه‬lisānuhū) to utter words against;
‫( انطلق وجھه‬wajhuhū) his face brightened,
became cheerful X ‫( استطلق بطنه‬baṭnuhu)
he had a bowel movement
‫ طلق‬ṭalq talc (min.); labor pains, travail;
free, open, unconfined, unrestrained,
unimpeded, uninhibited; free (‫ من‬from),
rid (‫ من‬of) │ ‫ طلق المحيا‬ṭalq (ṭilq, ṭulq) al-
muḥayyā with a happy, cheerful face,
bright-faced; ‫ طلق الوجه‬ṭalq (ṭilq, ṭulq) al-
wajh do.; ‫ طلق اللسان‬eloquent; ‫في الھواء الطلق‬
(hawā’) outdoors, in the open, under the
open sky; ‫ طلق اليدين‬ṭ. al-yadain
openhanded, liberal, generous
‫ طلق‬ṭilq permissible, admissible
‫ طلق‬ṭalaq pl. ‫ اطالق‬aṭlāq run, race, foot
race; (pl. -āt, ‫ اطالق‬aṭlāq) shot (with a
firearm) │ ‫ سريع الطلق‬rapid-fire (rifle, gun)
‫ لسان طلق‬lisān ṭaliq a facile, fluent
tongue
‫ طلقة‬ṭalqa pl. ṭalaqāt divorce │ ‫طلقة‬
‫( بالثالثة‬talāta) definite divorce
‫ طلقة‬ṭalaqa pl. -āt shot │ ‫ طلقة نارية‬do
‫ طالق‬ṭalāq divorce, talak │ ‫طالق بالثالثة‬
(talāta) definite divorce; ‫( طالق رجعي‬raj‘ī)
revocable (not definite) divorce; ‫كتاب‬
‫ الطالق‬bill of divorce; ‫ حلف بالطالق‬to swear
by all that’s holy
‫ طليق‬ṭalīq pl. ‫ طلقاء‬ṭulaqā’2 freed,
released, set free, free; freedman; ‫الطلقاء‬
name of those Meccans who remained
heathen until the surrender of Mecca
‫ طالقة‬ṭalāqa ease, relaxedness;
unrestraint; cheerfulness │ ‫طالقة اللسان‬
fluency, eloquence; ‫ طالقة الوجه‬ṭ. al-wajh
cheerfulness of the face, gaiety
‫ طليقة‬ṭalīqa repudiated or divorced
woman, divorcee
‫ طلوقة‬ṭalūqa pl. ‫ طالئق‬ṭalā’iq2 stallion
‫ اطالق‬iṭlāq freeing, liberation; setting
loose, releasing, release; dispatch(ing);
application (‫ على‬to); generalization; ‫اطالقا‬
iṭlāqan absolutely │ ‫ على اإلطالق‬absolutely,
unrestrictedly, without exception, in any
respect, under any circumstances; ‫اطالق‬
‫( الرصاص على‬i. ar-raṣāṣ) the firing at s.th.,
the shooting of s.o.; ‫ اطالق السراح‬i. as-
sarāḥ release (of s.o.); ‫)اطالق النار )النيران‬
opening of fire, shelling, gunning,
cannonade
‫ انطالق‬intilāq outburst, outbreak,
eruption, explosion, release (e.g., of
forces, of energies); unrestraint, liberty │
‫ نقطة االنطالق‬nuqṭat al-inṭ. starting point,
point of departure
‫ طالق‬tāliq (of a woman) repudiated,
divorced │ ‫( ھي طالق ثالثا‬talātan) she is
irrevocably divorced
‫ مطلق‬muṭlaq free; unlimited,
unrestricted, absolute; general; ‫مطلقا‬
muṭlaqan absolutely, unrestrictedly,
without exception, in any respect, under
any circumstances │ ‫الدول ذات الحكم المطلق‬
(duwal dāt al-ḥukm) the authoritarian
states; ‫ مطلق السراح‬m. as-sarāḥ free, at
large, at liberty
‫ متطلق‬mutaṭalliq cheerful, jovial, happy
(face)
‫ مطلمة‬miṭlama rolling pin
‫ طلمبة‬ṭulumba pl. -āt pump 567
‫ طلمس‬ṭalmasa to frown, scowl, glower, lower
(‫ طلو‬and‫ طلو( طلى‬ṭalā i (ṭaly) to paint, daub (‫ب‬
‫ ھـ‬s.th. with); to coat, overlay, plate (‫ب ھـ‬
 s.th. with) │ ‫( طل ھـ بالذھب‬dahab) to gild
s.th.; ‫( طلى ھـ بالكھرباء‬kahrabā’) to
galvanize, electroplate s.th.; ‫طلى ھـ بالميناه‬
(mīnā’) to enamel s.th. VII ‫لم تنطل عليه ھذه‬
‫( الحيلة‬ḥīla) he wouldn’t be deceived by
this ruse, this trick couldn’t fool him
‫ طالء‬ṭilā’ coating, overlaying, plating;
coat, covering (e.g., of sugar); (coat of)
paint; make-up, face paint │ ‫الطالء بالكھرباء‬
(kahrabā’) galvanization, electroplating
‫ طلى‬ṭalīy pleasant, becoming, nice,
pretty
‫ طالوة‬ṭalāwa beauty, gracefulness,
grace, elegance
‫ الطليان‬aṭ-ṭulyān the Italians
‫ طليطلة‬ṭulaiṭila2 Toledo (town in Spain)
‫ طم‬ṭamma u (ṭamm, ‫ طموم‬ṭumūm) to overflow,
flood, inundate, deluge, engulf (‫ ھـ‬s.th.)
VII pass. of I
‫ طم‬ṭamm large quantity, huge amount;
sea │ ‫( الطم والرم‬rimm) tremendous riches
‫ طامة‬ṭāmma pl. -āt (overwhelming)
calamity, disaster
‫ طماطة‬ṭumāṭa tomato
‫ طماطم‬ṭamāṭim2 (coll.; n. un. ‫ )ة‬tomatoes
‫ طمأن‬ṭam’ana and ‫ طأمن‬ṭa’mana to calm, quiet,
pacify, appease, assuage, soothe (‫ ه‬،‫ ھـ‬s.o.,
s.th.), set s.o.’s mind at rest; to fill s.o. (‫)ه‬
with confidence (‫ الى‬in), reassure (‫ الى ه‬s.o.
of or with regard to) II ‫ تطأمن‬taṭa’mana =
‫ طمن‬VI; IV ‫ اطمأن‬iṭma’anna to remain
quietly (‫ في‬in a place); to come to rest; to
be or become still, quiet, calm, tranquil, at
ease, composed, or reassured, feel
assured, confident, or secure; to be sure,
be certain (‫ من‬or ‫ الى‬of s.th.); to have
confidence, to trust (‫ الى‬in), rely, depend (
‫ الى‬on, upon); to make sure (‫ على‬of s.th.)
reassure o.s. (‫ على‬of or with regard to); to
find reassurance (‫ الى‬in), derive confidence
(‫ الى‬from)
‫ طمأنينة‬ṭuma’nīna calm, repose, serenity,
peace, peacefulness, tranquility;
reassurance, peace of mind, composure,
calmness, equanimity; trust, confidence
‫ اطمئنان‬iṭmi’nān calm, repose, serenity,
peace, peacefulness, tranquility;
reassurance, peace of mind, composure,
calmness, equanimity; trust, confidence
‫ مطمئن‬muṭma’inn (of land) low, low-
lying; calm, quiet, at ease, composed,
(re)assured, tranquil, serene, peaceable,
peaceful, safe, secure; sure, certain;
trusting, confident, of good hope
‫ طمث‬ṭamata u and ṭamita a (ṭamt) to
menstruate; -- ṭamata u i (ṭamt) to
deflower (‫ ھا‬a girl)
‫ طمث‬ṭamt menstruation; menses,
menstrual discharge
‫ طمح‬ṭamaḥa a (‫ طموح‬ṭumūḥ) to turn, be
directed (‫ الى‬to. toward; of the eye, of
glances); to aspire (‫ الى‬to, after), be bent (
‫ الى‬on), strive, crave, long, yearn (‫ الى‬for),
covet (‫ الى‬s.th.); to take away, remove (‫ب‬
s.th.)
‫ طموح‬ṭumūḥ striving, endeavor,
aspiration, desire, craving, coveting,
longing, yearning; ambition; high
aspirations, loftiness of purpose
‫ طموح‬ṭamūḥ high-aiming, high-
aspiring, ambitious; craving, covetous,
desirous, avid, eager
‫ طماح‬ṭammāḥ high-aiming, high-
aspiring, ambitious; craving, covetous,
desirous, avid, eager
‫ مطمح‬maṭmaḥ pl. ‫ مطامح‬maṭāmiḥ object
of one’s longing or striving, (aspired)
goal, aim, ambition, burning desire 568
‫ طامح‬ṭāmiḥ high-aiming, high-aspiring;
longing, yearning, craving, covetous, avid,
eager
1
‫ طمر‬ṭamara u i (ṭamr) to bury, inter, cover
with earth (‫ ھـ‬s.th., esp. a corpse); ṭamara
i to cover up (‫ ھـ‬a thing), fill up (‫ ھـ‬a well)
‫ طمر‬ṭimr pl. ‫ اطمار‬aṭmār old, tattered
garment, fags, tatters
‫ طمر‬ṭimirr fiery steed, race horse
‫ مطمر‬miṭmar plumb line
‫ مطمور‬maṭmūr subterranean,
underground │ O ‫‘ علم المطمورات‬ilm al-
maṭmūrāt paleontology
‫ مطمورة‬maṭmūra pl. ‫ مطامير‬maṭāmīr2
subterranean storehouse for grain,
underground granary, mattamore
2
‫ طمر‬II (eg.) to curry(comb), rub down (‫ ھـ‬a
horse)
‫ طمر‬ṭumār (eg.) currycomb
3 temptation
‫ طومار‬ṭūmār pl. ‫ طوامر‬ṭawāmir2 look up
alphabetically
‫ طمس‬ṭamasa u i (ṭams, ‫ طموس‬ṭumūs) to be
effaced, be obliterated, be erased, be
wiped out, be blotted out, be destroyed, be
eradicated; to lose animation, become
lusterless (eye, glance); -- ṭamasa i (ṭams)
to efface, obliterate, erase, expunge, blot
out, wipe out, destroy, eradicate (‫ على‬or ‫ھـ‬
s.th.) VII to be effaced, be obliterated, be
wiped out, be blotted out, become extinct
‫ طمس‬ṭams effacement, obliteration
‫ انطماس‬inṭimās incomprehencibleness,
abstruseness
‫ طامس‬ṭāmis extinct, dead; blurred,
indistinct; incomprehensible, abstruse,
recondite, obscure
‫ طماطة‬ṭumāṭa tomato
‫ طماطم‬ṭamāṭim2 (coll.; n. un. ‫ )ة‬tomatoes
‫ طمطماني‬ṭumṭumānī barbarous, barbaric,
uneducated (esp. speech, pronunciation)
‫ طمع‬ṭami‘a a (ṭama‘) to covet, desire (‫ ب‬or ‫في‬
s.th.), wish, crave, strive (‫ ب‬or ‫ في‬for),
aspire (‫ ب‬or ‫ في‬to, after); to expect (‫ب‬
s.th., ‫ من‬from); to hope (‫ في‬for); to be
ambitious; -- ṭamu‘a u (‫ طماعة‬ṭamā‘a) to
be covetous, avid, greedy, avaricious II to
make (‫ ه‬s.o.) desirous (‫ في‬of), fill (‫ ه‬s.o.)
with greed (‫ في‬for); to allure, tempt, entice
(‫ ه‬s.o.); to give (‫ ه‬s.o.) hope (‫ في‬of), hold
out hopes (‫ ه‬to s.o., ‫ في‬of s.th.), embolden (
‫ ه‬s.o.), encourage (‫ في ه‬s.o. to do s.th.) IV =
II
‫ طمع‬ṭama‘ pl. ‫ اطماع‬aṭmā‘ greed,
greediness, avidity, covetousness;
ambitious desire, ambition; object of
desire
‫ طماع‬ṭammā‘ avid, greedy, covetous,
desirous; avaricious, grasping
‫ طماعية‬ṭamā‘īya avidity, greed;
cupidity, avarice
‫ مطمع‬maṭma‘ pl. ‫ مطامع‬maṭāmi‘ coveted
object; covetousness, craving, desire;
hope, expectation; pl. ambitious designs,
ambitions, schemes, aspirations, desires
‫ مطمعة‬maṭma‘a lure, enticement,
‫ مطماع‬miṭmā‘ filled with greed;
obsessed by ambition, overambitious
‫ طمن‬II to quiet, calm, appease, pacify, allay,
assuage, soothe (‫ ه‬،‫ ھـ‬s.o., s.th.); see also
‫ طأمن‬ṭa’'mana under ‫ طمأن‬VI to be low; to
become low, sink, subside; to calm down,
be or become quiet, calm, still, to abate; to
be bent over, to stoop
‫ طمان‬ṭamān calm, quiet, repose, peace,
peacefulness, serenity, tranquility;
reassurance, ease, calmness, peace of
mind, composure, equanimity; trust,
confidence 569
‫ تطمين‬taṭmīn appeasement,
mollification, calming, assuaging,
soothing
‫ متطامن‬mutaṭāmin low
(‫ طمو‬and ‫ طمي( طما‬ṭamā u (‫ طمو‬ṭumūw), ‫طمى‬
ṭamā i (ṭamy) to flow over
‫ طمي‬ṭamy (eg., syr.) alluvial mud, silt,
alluvium
1
‫ طن‬ṭunn pl. ‫ اطنان‬aṭnān ton │ ‫طن مسجل‬
(musajjal) register ton
2
‫ طن‬ṭanna i (‫ طنين‬ṭanīn) to ring, sound, peal,
jingle, tinkle (bell); to hum, buzz, drone
(insect); to ring (ears) II = I
‫ طنين‬ṭanīn ring(ing), peal, jingle, tinkle,
tinkling (of a bell); buzz(ing), hum(ming),
drone (of an insect); ringing (of the ears)
‫ طنان‬ṭannān ringing, sounding, pealing,
jingling, tinkling; resounding,
reverberating, echoing; humming,
buzzing, droning; whistle, buzzer (of a
kettle); famous, renowned, celebrated
‫ طنب‬II to remain, abide, stay to live, settle
down (‫ ب‬in, at a place) IV to be excessive
(‫ في‬in), overdo, exaggerate (‫ في‬s.th.); to
brag
‫ طنب‬ṭunub pl. ‫ اطناب‬aṭnāb tent rope;
sinew, tendon │ ‫( شد اطنابه‬šadda) to stay,
sojourn, reside; ‫ ضرب اطنابه على‬to settle
down, take up permanent residence in a
 place; ‫ ضرب اطنابه في‬to take root, prevail
(at a place)
‫ اطناب‬iṭnāb exaggeration; fussiness,
circumstantiality, prolixity, lengthiness,
verbosity
‫ طنبور‬ṭunbūr pl. ‫ طنابير‬ṭanābīr2 a long-
necked, stringed instrument resembling
the mandolin; a device used to raise water
for irrigation, Archimedean screw; drum,
cylinder (techn.)
‫ طنبوري‬ṭunbūrī player of the ‫طنبور‬
‫ طنبوشة‬ṭanbūša pl. -āt paddle box (of a paddle
steamer)
‫ طنجة‬ṭanja2 Tangier
‫ طنجي‬ṭanjī from Tangier; native of
Tangier, Tangerine
‫ طنجرة‬ṭanjara pl. ‫ طناجر‬ṭanājir2 (copper)
casserole, saucepan, skillet
‫ طنطا‬ṭanṭā Tanta (city in N Egypt)
‫ طنطن‬ṭanṭana to ring, sound, peal, jingle, tinkle
(bell); to hum, buzz, drone (insect); to
clang, boom, roar, rumble; to blare out (‫ب‬
s.th.)
‫ طنطنة‬ṭanṭana ring(ing), peal, jingle,
tinkle, tinkling (of a bell); hum(ming),
buzz(ing), drone (of an insect); clangor,
boom, roar
‫ طنف‬ṭunuf (ṭanaf, ṭunf) pl. ‫ طنوف‬ṭunūf, ‫اطناف‬
aṭnāf top, summit, peak (of a mountain);
ledge, molding, eaves
‫ طنفسة‬ṭinfisa, ṭanfasa, ṭunfusa pl. ‫ طنافس‬ṭanāfis2
velvet-like carpet, mockado carpet
‫ طه‬a group of letters opening the 20th sura;
Tāhā a Muslim masculine proper name
‫ طھر‬ṭahara, ṭahura u (ṭuhr, ‫ طھارة‬ṭahāra) to be
clean, pure; -- ṭaharat, ṭahurat (of a
woman) to be clean (as opposed to
menstruating) II to clean, cleanse, deterge,
expurgate, purge, purify, chasten (‫ ه‬،‫ھـ‬
s.o., s.th.); to disinfect, sterilize (‫ ھـ‬s.th.);
to dredge (‫ ھـ‬e.g., a canal); to circumcise (‫ه‬
s.o.) III to circumcise (‫ ه‬s.o.) V to clean
o.s., cleanse o.s., perform an ablution
‫ طھر‬ṭuhr cleanness, purity; chastity
‫ طھور‬ṭahūr circumcision; cleansing,
purging, detergent; clean, pure
‫ طھارة‬ṭahāra cleanness, cleanliness,
purity; cultic purity (Isl. Law); chastity;
holiness, sanctity, saintliness; 570
circumcision │ ‫ طھارة الذيل‬ṭ. ad-dail
innocence; probity, uprightness, integrity,
honesty
‫ مطھر‬maṭhar purgatory (Chr.)
‫ مطھرة‬maṭhara pl. ‫ مطاھر‬maṭāhir2 wash-
room, lavatory, toilet
‫ طھر‬taṭhīr cleaning, cleansing, purging,
expurgation, purification; disinfection;
purgation, use of aperients; dredging;
circumcision
‫ تطھيري‬taṭhīrī cleaning, cleansing,
detergent
‫ طاھر‬ṭāhir pl. ‫ اطھار‬aṭhār clean, pure;
chaste, modest, virtuous │ ‫ طاھر الذمة‬ṭ. ad-
dimma upright, righteous, honest; ‫طاھر‬
‫ الذيل‬ṭ. ad-dail innocent, pure,
unblemished, blameless, upright,
righteous, honest
‫ مطھر‬muṭahhir pl. -āt a detergent (esp.
anticeptic); an anticeptic, a disinfectant
‫ مطھر‬muṭahhar pure, immaculate
‫ طھران‬ṭihrān2 Teheran (capital of Iran)
‫ طھق‬V to despise, detect, abhor, loathe (‫من‬
s.th.)
‫ مطھم‬muṭahham of perfect beauty (esp. as an
epithet of noble horses)
‫ )طھو‬and ‫ طھي( طھا‬ṭahā u and ‫ يطھى‬yaṭhā (‫طھو‬
ṭahw, ‫ طھي‬ṭuhīy, ṭahy, ‫ طھاية‬ṭahāya) to
cook (‫ ھـ‬s.th.); to stew (‫ ھـ‬s.th.); to braise (
‫ ھـ‬s.th.); to broil, fry (‫ ھـ‬s.th.); to bake (‫ھـ‬
s.th.)
‫ طھى‬ṭuhan cooked dish, cooked meal
‫ طھاية‬ṭihāya cook’s trade
‫ مطھى‬maṭhan kitchen
‫ طاه‬ṭāhin pl. ‫ طھاة‬ṭuhāh cook
‫ طواشي‬ṭawāšī pl. ‫ طواشية‬ṭawāšiya eunuch
‫ طواية‬ṭawwāya frying pan
1
‫ طابة‬ṭāba look up alphabetically
2
‫ طوب‬II to beatify (‫ ه‬s.o.; Chr.)
‫ طوبى‬ṭūbā blessedness, beatitude;
Beatitude (title of honor of a patriarch;
Chr.)
 ‫ تطويب‬taṭwīb beatification (Chr.)
3 ‫ طوره‬to lose one’s self-control, become
‫ طوب‬ṭub (coll.; n. un. ‫ )ة‬brick(s) │ ‫طوب احمر‬
(aḥmar) baked brick(s); ‫طوب مفرغ‬
(mufarrag) hollow tile(s), air brick(s);
‫( طوب ني‬nayy) unburned, sun-dried
briek(s)
‫ طواب‬ṭawwāb brick burner, brick-
maker, tile-maker
‫ طوبجي‬ṭōbjī, (eg.) ṭobgī pl. -īya artillerist,
artilleryman
‫ طوبجية‬ṭōbjīya artillery
‫ طوبه‬ṭūba the fifth month of the Coptic
calendar
‫ )طاح )طوح‬ṭāḥa u (ṭauḥ) to perish, die; to loss
one’s way, go astray, stray, wander about;
to fall; to throw, cast, fling, hurl, toss,
carry away, sweep away (‫ ب‬s.o., s.th.) II
to cause to or let perish (‫ ه‬or ‫ ب‬s.o.); to
endanger, expose to peril (‫ ه‬or ‫ ب‬s.o.); to
throwaway, toss away, hurl away (‫ب‬
s.th.); to throw, cast, hurl, toss, fling (‫الى ب‬
s.o. into); to carry away, transport (‫الى ب‬
s.o. to, into); to move, induce, tempt (‫ه‬
s.o., ‫ الى‬to s.th., to do s.th.) │ ‫طرحت به‬
‫ الطوائح‬fate dealt him severe blows IV to
drop, discard (‫ ه‬،‫ ھـ‬s.o., s.th.), shed (‫ھـ‬
s.th.); to let s.th. (‫ )ب‬be swept away; to
carry away, tear away, rip away (‫ ب‬s.th.);
to chop off (‫ ھـ‬s.th., esp. the head) V to
fall, drop, be thrown, be tossed; to stray,
wander about; to sway, reel, stagger
‫ طوائح‬ṭawā’iḥ2 adversities, blows of fate
‫ مطوحة‬muṭawwiḥa pl. -āt adventure
‫ طود‬VII to rise in the air, soar up
‫ طود‬ṭaud pl. ‫ اطواد‬aṭwād (high,
towering) mountain 571
‫ منطاد‬munṭād pl. ‫ مناطيد‬manāṭīd2 balloon,
blimp; zeppelin, dirigible │ ‫منطاد مقيد‬
(muqayyad) captive balloon, kite balloon;
O ‫( منطاد ھوائي ثابت‬hawā’ī) barrage balloon
1
‫طور‬II to develop, further, advance, promote (
‫ ھـ‬s.th.) V to develop, evolve; to change;
to race (motor)
‫ طور‬ṭaur pl. ‫ اطوار‬aṭwār one time (= Fr.
fois; state, condition; limit, bound; stage,
degree; phase (also phys., esp. el.) │ ‫طورا‬
‫ بعد طور‬time and again, again and again;
‫ طورا‬-- ‫ طورا‬or ‫ طورا‬-- ‫ حينا‬sometimes --
sometimes, at times – at times; ‫خرج عن‬
upset; ‫( اخرجه عن طوره‬akrajahū) to upset,
discompose, disconcert s.o.; ‫غريب األطوار‬
of odd behavior, eccentric
‫ طور‬ṭūr pl. ‫ اطوار‬aṭwār mountain │ ‫طور‬
‫ سيناء‬ṭ. sīnā’ and ‫ طور سينا‬ṭ. sīnā Mount
Sinai
‫ طوري‬ṭūrī wild
‫ طوار‬ṭawār sidewalk
‫ طوراني‬ṭūrānī wild; Turanian
‫ تطور‬taṭawwur pl. -āt development;
evolution; pl. -āt stages of development,
evolutionary phases, developments │ ‫قابل‬
‫ التطور‬developable, capable of
development or evolution
‫ تطوري‬taṭawwurī evolutional,
evolutionary │ ‫( نظرية تطورية‬naẓarīya)
theory of evolution, evolutionism
2
‫ طار‬ṭār (= ‫ اطار‬iṭār), ‫ طارة‬ṭāra hoop, ring; tire;
frame; wheel; tambourine
3
‫ اطار‬iṭār see ‫اطر‬
4
‫ طورية‬ṭūrīya look up alphabetically
‫ طوربيد‬ṭurbīd pl. -āt, ‫ طرابيد‬ṭarābīd2 torpedo
‫ طورية‬ṭūrīya (eg.) pl. □ ‫ طواري‬ṭawārī hoe,
mattock
‫( طوزلق‬Turk. tozluk) gaiter(s), legging(s)
‫ طوس‬II to adorn, decorate, deck out (‫ ه‬،‫ ھـ‬s.o.,
s.th.)
‫ طاس‬ṭās pl. -āt round, shallow drinking
cup made of metal, drinking vessel; finger
bowl
‫ طاس‬ṭāsa pl. -āt round, shallow
drinking cup made of metal, drinking
vessel │ ‫ طاسة التحمير‬frying pan; O ‫طاسة‬
‫ التصادم‬ṭ. at-taṣādum buffer (railroad)
‫ طاووس‬ṭāwūs pl. ‫ طواويس‬ṭawāwīs2
peacock
‫ مطوس‬muṭawwas ornate, ostentatiously
made-up
‫ طوش‬II to castrate, emasculate (‫ ه‬s.o.)
‫ طواشي‬ṭawāšī pl. ‫ طواشية‬ṭawāšiya
eunuch
‫ )طاع )طوع‬ṭā‘a u (ṭau‘) to obey (‫ ل‬or ‫ه‬
s.o.), be obedient (‫ ل‬or ‫ ه‬to s.o.) II to
render obedient, bring into subjection,
subdue, subject, subjugate (‫ ه‬s.o.) │ ‫طوعت‬
‫( له نفسه‬nafsuhū) (lit.: his soul permitted
him, made it easy or feasible for him, i.e.)
he allowed himself to do s.th. (‫)ھـ‬, he had
no qualms about doing s.th. (‫)ھـ‬, he did
not hesitate to do s.th. (‫ )ھـ‬III to comply
with or accede to s.o.’s (‫ )ھـ‬wishes (‫ على‬or
‫ في‬in, with regard to), yield, submit, be
obedient (‫ ه‬to s.o., ‫ على‬or ‫ في‬in), obey (‫ه‬
s.o., ‫ على‬or ‫ في‬in); to be at s.o.’s (‫)ه‬
command (of a faculty, skill, etc.); to
consent, assent (‫ في‬to s.th.) IV to obey,
follow (‫ ه‬،‫ ھـ‬s.o., s.th.), be obedient,
submit, yield (‫ ھـ ه‬to s.o., to s.th.), comply
(‫ ه‬،‫ ھـ‬with s.o.’s wishes, with s.th.), accede
(‫ ه‬،‫ ھـ‬to s.o.’s wishes, to s.th.) V to do
voluntarily (‫ ل‬or ‫ ب‬or ‫ ھـ‬s.th.), volunteer (
‫ ل‬or ‫ ب‬or ‫ ھـ‬for, in, to do s.th.); to enlist,
volunteer (mil.) │ ‫( تطوع خيرا‬kairan) to
perform a good deed voluntarily VII to
obey, follow (‫ ل‬s.o., s.th.), be obedient,
submit, yield, accede (‫ ل‬to), comply (‫ل‬
with) X to be able (‫ ھـ‬to do s.th.), be in a
572 position to do, to get, to carry out, or
to take upon o.s. (‫ ھـ‬s.th.), be capable (‫ھـ‬
of s.th., ‫ ان‬of doing s.th.)
‫ طوع‬ṭau‘ obedience; voluntariness,
spontaneity (in connection with a legally
relevant action, esp. a delict; Isl. Law);
(for m. and f.) obedient, compliant,
submissive; ‫ طوعا‬ṭau‘an voluntarily, of
one’s own free will, of one’s own accord
│ ‫( طوعا او كرھا‬karhan) willingly or
unwillingly, willy-nilly, whether I (you,
etc.) will it or not; ‫ طوع العنان‬tractable,
docile, amenable; ‫ طوع يده‬ṭau‘a yadihī
under s.o.’s thumb, at s.o.’s beck and call;
‫( ھو طوع ايدينا‬ṭau‘a aidīnā) he is at our beck
and call, he is in our power; ‫طوع‬
‫امرك‬/ṭau‘a amrika at your disposal
‫ طوعيا‬ṭau‘īyan voluntarily, of one’s
own free will, of one’s own accord
‫( طيع‬ṭayyi‘) obedient, compliant,
submissive
‫ طاعة‬ṭā‘a obedience, compliance,
submissiveness; (pl. -āt) pious deed (Isl.
Law) │ ‫ بيت الطاعة‬bait aṭ-ṭ. the husband’s
house to which a woman, in case of
unlawful desertion, must return (Isl. Law);
‫ السمع والطاعة‬as-sam‘ū wa-ṭ-ṭā‘atu I hear
and obey! at your service! Very well! ‫سمعا‬
‫ وطاعة‬sam‘an wa-ṭā‘atan do.
‫ طواعية‬ṭawā‘īya obedience │ ‫عن طواعية‬
voluntarily, of one’s own free will, of
one’s own accord
‫ مطواع‬miṭwā‘ obedient, compliant
‫ تطويع‬taṭwī‘ diploma of the Great
Mosque of Tunis
‫ اطاعة‬iṭā‘a obedience
‫ تطوع‬taṭawwu‘ voluntariness;
volunteering; voluntary service (‫ في‬in a
branch of the armed forces); service as an
unsalaried trainee, voluntary traineeship
‫ استطاعة‬istiṭā‘a ability, capability,
faculty; possibility
‫ طائع‬ṭā’i‘ obedient, compliant,
submissive │ ‫ طائعا او كارھا‬willingly or
unwillingly, whether I (you, etc.) will it or
not
‫ مطوع‬muṭawwa‘ pl. -ūn holder of the
diploma issued by the Great Mosque of
Tunis; -- muṭṭawwi‘ volunteer (also mil.);
unsalaried trainee
‫ مطاوع‬muṭāwi‘ obedient, compliant,
submissive; yielding, pliable, pliant;
‫ المطاوع‬the reflexive, frequently = the
passive (gram.) │ ‫ حديد مطاوع‬mild steel
‫ مطيع‬muṭī‘ obedient, compliant
‫ متطوع‬mutaṭawwi‘ pl. ‫ ة‬volunteer (also
mil.); unsalaried trainee
‫ مستطاع‬mustaṭā‘ possible, feasible │ ‫قدر‬
‫ المستطاع‬qadra l-m. as far as possible, as
far as it is feasible; ‫بقدر )على قدر( المستطاع‬
do.
‫ )طاف )طوف‬ṭāfa u (ṭauf, ‫ طواف‬ṭawāf,
‫ طوفان‬ṭawafān) to go about, walk about,
ride about, travel about, move about, rove
about, wander about, run around (‫ ھـ‬in
s.th.), tour (‫ ھـ‬s.th.); to go, walk, ride, run (
‫ ب‬،‫ حول‬around s.th.), circumambulate (
‫ ب‬،‫ حول‬s.th.); to make the rounds, walk
around (‫ على‬among people); to circle,
circuit, compass (‫ ب‬،‫ حول‬s.th.); to roam,
rove, range (‫ ب‬s.th.); to show around,
guide (‫ ب‬s.o.); to familiarize o.s., acquaint
o.s. (y with); to become acquainted (‫ب‬
with s.o., with s.th.), come to know (‫ب‬
s.o., s.th.); - (ṭauf) to appear to s.o. (‫ )ب‬in
his sleep; to come (‫ على‬upon s.o.), afflict (
‫ على‬s.o.); to overflow, leave its banks
(river); to swim, float, drift II to go about,
walk about, stroll about, ride about, travel
about (‫ في‬in), tour (‫ في‬s.th.); to go or walk
around s.th. (‫)ب‬, circle, circumambulate (
‫ ب‬s.th.); to show around, guide (‫ ب‬or ‫ه‬
s.o.); to let (‫ ب‬s.th.) roam (‫ ھـ‬s.th.), let (‫ب‬
s.th.) make the rounds 573 (‫ ب‬in), let
one’s eyes (‫ )ب‬wander; to perform the
circumambulation of the Kaaba (ṭawāf) IV
to surround, encompass, encircle,
circumscribe (‫ ب‬s.th.) V to move about,
rove, roam, wander, walk about
‫ )طاق )طوق‬ṭāqa u (ṭauq) to be able, be in a
‫ طوف‬ṭauf round, circuit, beat; low wall,
enclosure; (pl. ‫ اطواف‬aṭwāf) patrol; raft
made of inflated waterskins tied together
‫ طواف‬ṭawāf round, circuit, beat; round
trip, round-trip excursion; roundtrip flight;
circumambulation of the Kaaba (as part of
the Islamic pilgrimage ceremonies)
‫ طواف‬ṭawwāf ambulant, itinerant,
migrant, roving, wandering; going the
rounds, making the circuit, walking the
beat; (pl. ‫ )ة‬mounted rural mail carrier
(Eg.) │ ‫ محطة الطوافة‬maḥaṭṭat aṭ-ṭ. (Eg.)
circuit stations which have the mail
delivered by mounted rural mail carriers
‫ طوافة‬ṭawwāfa pl. -āt patrol boat,
coastal patrol vessel (employed by the
Egyptian Coast Guard)
‫ طوفان‬ṭūfān flood, inundation, deluge
‫ مطاف‬maṭāf riding about, traveling,
touring; round trip │ ‫آل )انتھى( به المطاف الى‬
to end with, wind up with, arrive
eventually at; ‫ خاتمة المطاف‬the end of the
matter, the final issue, the upshot of it
‫ تطواف‬taṭwāf traveling, touring,
wandering, itineration, roving life
‫ طائف‬ṭā’if ambulant, itinerant, migrant,
roving, wandering; one going the rounds
or making the circuit or walking the beat;
one performing the ṭawāf │ ‫ طاف به طائف‬he
had a sudden impulse or urge; ‫طاف عليه‬
‫( طائف من القدر القاسي‬qadar) tragedy befell
him, he met with a harsh fate
‫ الطائف‬aṭ-ṭā’if Taif (town in S Hejaz)
2
‫ طائفة‬ṭā’ifa pl. ‫ طوائف‬ṭawā’if part,
portion; number; troop, band, group;
swarm, drove, bevy, covey; people; class;
sect, denomination; confession,
communion; party, faction; religious
minority │ O ‫( الطائفة االحساسية‬iḥsāsīya) the
impressionists; ‫ ملوك الطوائف‬princelings,
petty kings
‫ طائفي‬ṭā’ifī factional, sectarian,
denominational, confessionalism
‫ طائفية‬ṭā’ifīya sectarianism,
denominationalism; confessionalism
‫ مطوف‬muṭawwif pl. -ūn pilgrims’ guide
in Mecca
position (‫ ھـ‬to do s.th.), be capable (‫ ھـ‬of,
of doing s.th.); to be able to bear or stand (
‫ ھـ‬s.th.), bear, stand, sustain, endure (‫ھـ‬
s.th.) II to put a collar or necklace (‫طوقا‬
ṭauqan) around s.o.’s neck; to hoop (‫ھـ‬
s.th., e.g., a barrel); to surround, clasp,
enwrap, ring, encompass (‫ ه‬،‫ ب ھـ‬s.o., s.th.
with), encircle (‫ ه‬،‫ ھـ‬s.o., s.th.), form or
throw a circle or cordon (‫ ه‬،‫ ھـ‬around s.o.,
around s.th.), enclose (‫ ھـ‬s.th.); to play (‫ھـ‬
about, e.g., a smile about the lips), flit (‫ھـ‬
across s.th.) │ ‫( طوقه بذراعيه‬bi-dirā‘aihī) to
take s.o. in one’s arms, embrace, hug,
clasp s.o.; ‫‘( طوق عنقه ب‬unuqahū) to
present s.o. with, bestow upon s.o. s.th. IV
= I (‫ ھـ‬،‫ على‬s.th., to do s.th., of s.th. or of
doing s.th.); to master (‫ ھـ‬a method) │ ‫لم‬
‫ يطق صبرا‬lam yuṭiq ṣabran be could not
stand or bear it, he could not control
himself; ‫( شيء ال يطاق‬yuṭāqu) s.th.
unbearable, s.th. intolerable
‫ طوق‬ṭauq ability, faculty, power,
strength, potency, capability, aptitude,
capacity; endurance; (pl. ‫ اطواق‬aṭwāq)
necklace; neckband, ruff, collar; hoop,
circle │ ‫( طوق للنجاة‬najāh) life 574 buoy;
‫( اخرجه الحزن عن طوقه‬akrajahū l-ḥuznu)
grief drove him out of his mind
‫ طوقي‬ṭauqī collar-like, loop-shaped,
ring-shaped, annular
‫ طاق‬ṭāq pl. –āt, ‫ طيقان‬ṭīqān arch (arch.);
(pl. -āt) stratum, layer
‫ طاقة‬ṭāqa pl. -āt window
‫ طاقة‬ṭāqa pl. -āt ability, faculty,
capability, aptitude, capacity, power,
strength, potency; energy (phys., etc.);
 capacity (of a technical apparatus); bunch,
bouquet (of flowers) │ ‫( في الطاقة‬with foll.
maṣdar) it is possible to ...; ‫ قدر الطاقة‬qadra
ṭ-ṭ. as far as possible, in the best way
possible; ‫ على قدر طاقته‬according to his
capability; ‫( طاقة مدخرة‬muddakara)
accumulated energy; potential (phys.);
‫( الطاقة الذرية‬darrīya) atomic energy, atomic
power; ‫( طاقة انتاجية‬intājīya) productive
power, productional capacity, output
capacity
‫ طاقية‬look up alphabetically
‫ تطويق‬taṭwīq pl. -āt encirclement,
encompassment, enclosure, surrounding,
ringing
‫ اطاقة‬iṭāqa ability, faculty, aptitude,
power, capability, capacity
‫ مطوق‬muṭawwaq ringdove
‫ مطاق‬muṭāq bearable, endurable,
tolerable
‫ طوكيو‬tōkiyō Tokyo
1
‫ )طال )طول‬ṭāla u (ṭūl) to be or become long; to
last long; to lengthen, grow longer,
extend, be protracted, become drawn out;
to surpass, excel (‫ على‬or ‫ ه‬s.o.) │ ‫طال به‬
‫( الزمن حتى‬zamanu) it took a long time
before he ...; ‫ يطول بي ھذا‬this will (would)
take me too long; ‫طال الزمن او قصر‬
(zamanu, qaṣura) sooner or later, before
long II to make long or longer, lengthen,
elongate, stretch out, prolong, extend,
protract (‫ ھـ‬s.th.); to be very elaborate,
very detailed, very exhaustive,
longwinded, prolix; to grant a delay or
respite (‫ ل‬to s.o.) │ ‫( طول باله عليه‬bālahū) to
be patient with III to keep putting off (‫في ه‬
s.o. in or with s.th.); to vie for power,
greatness or stature, contend, compete (‫ه‬
with s.o.), rival, emulate (‫ ه‬s.o.) IV to
make long or longer, lengthen, elongate,
stretch out, extend, prolong, protract, draw
out (‫ ھـ‬or ‫ من‬s.th.); to take too long, find
no end │ ‫ اطال عليه‬to keep s.o. waiting a
long time; ‫( اطال لسانه‬lisānahū) to speak in
a forward manner, be pert, saucy, insolent
in speech; ‫( اطال النظر‬naẓara) he kept
staring at him; ‫ اطال الوقوف‬he stayed a long
time VI to become long, be lengthened, be
extended, be prolonged; to stretch up,
stretch o.s.; to stretch (‫ الى‬for), crane one'.
neck (‫ الى‬at); to attack (‫ على‬s.o.); to
become insolent, get fresh (‫ على‬with s.o.);
to be insolent enough, have the cheek (‫ل‬
to do s.th.); to dare do s.th. (‫)ب‬, presume (
‫ ب‬s.th.), pretend (‫ ب‬to s.th.); to arrogate to
o.s. (‫ الى‬a rank) │ ‫( تطاول برأسه‬bi-ra’sihī) to
bear one’s head high (with pride) X to be
or become long; to be or become
overbearing, presumptuous, display an
arrogant behavior (‫ على‬toward)
‫ طالما‬ṭālamā and ‫ لطالما‬la-ṭālamā how
often! often, frequently (with foll. verbal
clause) │ ‫( طالما ان‬anna) while, as, the
more so as
‫ طول‬ṭaul might, power │ ‫صاحب الحول‬
‫( والطول‬ṣ. al-ḥaul) the Almighty
‫ طول‬ṭūl pl. ‫ اطوال‬aṭwāl length; size,
height, tallness │ ‫ طول االناة‬ṭ. al-anāh long-
suffering, longanimity, forbearance,
patience; ‫ طول النظر‬ṭ. an-naẓar
farsightedness, hyperopia; ‫ خط الطول‬kaṭṭ
aṭ-ṭ. geographical longitude, degree of 575
longitude, meridian; ‫ بالطول‬and ‫طوال‬
lengthwise, longitudinally; ‫ طول‬ṭūla
(prep.) during, throughout, … long, e.g.,
‫( طول ھذه المدة‬mudda) during this period,
during all this time, ‫( طول النھار‬nahār) all
day (long); ‫ طول ما‬as long as; ‫على طول‬
(with foll. genit.) along, along, side of; ‫على‬
‫( طول‬eg.) straight ahead; straightway,
directly; at last, finally, after all; ‫في طول‬
‫( البالد وعرضھا‬wa-‘arḍihā) throughout the
country, all over the country; ‫انا في طولك‬
(eg.) have mercy on me!
‫ طولي‬ṭūlī of length, linear, longitudinal
│‫( خط طولي‬kaṭṭ) geographical longitude,
degree of longitude, meridian
‫ طول‬ṭuwwal a long-legged waterfowl
‫ طوال‬ṭawwāla, ṭiwala (prep.) during,
throughout; along, alongside of
‫ طويل‬ṭawīl pl. ‫ طوال‬ṭiwāl long; large,
big, tall; high; ‫ الطويل‬name of a poetical
meter; ‫ طويال‬ṭawīlan long (adv.), a long
time │ ‫ طويل األجل‬ṭ. al-ajal longterm, long-
dated; ‫ طويل األناة‬ṭ. al-anāh long-suffering
forbearing, patient; ‫ طويل الباع‬mighty,
powerful; capable, efficient; generous,
liberal, openhanded; ‫ طويل الروح‬ṭ. ar-rūḥ
long-suffering, forbearing, patient; ‫طويل‬
 ‫ القامة‬tall; ‫ طويل اللسان‬insolent, impertinent,
pert, saucy
‫ طوى‬ṭawā i (‫ طي‬ṭayy) to fold, fold up, fold in,
‫ طوال‬ṭuwāl long
‫ طوالة‬ṭuwāla pl. -āt stable
‫ طيلة‬ṭīlata (prep.) during, throughout,
… long
‫ طوالني‬ṭaulānī measured lengthwise,
longitudinal
‫ اطول‬aṭwal2, f. ‫ طولى‬longer, larger,
bigger, taller; extremely tall, very long
‫ تطويل‬taṭwīl lengthening, elongation,
stretching, extension, prolongation,
protraction; elaborateness, exhaustiveness,
prolixity, long-windedness
‫ اطالة‬iṭāla lengthening, elongation,
stretching, extension, prolongation,
protraction; elaborateness, exhaustiveness,
prolixity, long-windedness
‫ استطالة‬istiṭāla overbearing attitude,
haughtiness, presumptuousness, arrogance
‫ طائل‬ṭā’il long; huge, immense, ample,
enormous (of funds); use, avail; might,
power, force │ ‫ طائل الصولة‬ṭ. aṣ-ṣaula
mighty, powerful, forceful; ‫ دون طائل‬and ‫ال‬
‫( )طائل تحته )فيه‬ṭā’ila) of no use, of no avail,
useless, unavailing, futile; ‫ ما فاز بطائل‬to
accomplish nothing, be unsuccessful, fail
‫ طائلة‬ṭā’ila might, power, force;
vengeance, revenge, retribution,
retaliation │ ‫ وقع تحت طائلة القانون‬to be
subject to punishment by law; ‫تحت طائلة‬
‫( الموت‬ṭ. il-maut) under penalty of death
‫ مطول‬muṭawwal elaborate, detailed,
exhaustive, circumstantial
‫ متطاول‬mutatāwil long-extended, long-
stretched, long-protacted, prolonged,
lengthy
‫ مستطيل‬mustaṭīl long, oblong,
elongate(d), long-stretched; protracted,
prolonged, long drawn out; a rectangle, an
oblong; a saucy, presumptuous person
3
‫ طاولة‬look up alphabetically
‫ طولكرم‬Tulkarm (town in NW Jordan)
‫ طومار‬ṭūmār pl. ‫ طوامير‬ṭawāmīr2 roll, scroll
‫ نھر الطونة‬nahr aṭ-ṭūna the Danube river
‫( طونوالطة‬It. tonnellata) ṭōnolāṭa ton
fold over, fold under, roll up (‫ ھـ‬s.th.); to
shut, close (‫ ھـ‬a book); to keep secret,
secrete, conceal, hide (‫ ھـ‬s.th.); to harbor,
hold, contain (‫ ھـ‬s.th.); to swallow up,
envelop, wrap up. Enwrap 576 (‫ ه‬s.o.; of
the dark of night); to settle finally, bury (‫ه‬
the past), have done with s.th. in the past (
‫ ;)ھـ‬to cross, traverse (‫ ھـ‬s.th., esp. a
country); to cover quickly (‫ ھـ‬the way, the
distance, ‫ الى‬to); to spend, pass (‫ ھـ‬a period
of time) ; to possess o.s. take possession (
‫ ھـ‬of), appropriate (‫ ھـ‬s.th.); pass. ‫طوى على‬
ṭuwiya ‘alā (= to be folded around or over,
i.e.) to bear (within itself), harbor, contain,
involve s.th. │ ‫( طوى األرض طيا‬l-arḍa
ṭayyan) to rush through a country; .l.~ .s).
(biodlaAu) to be finished, be done, come
to an end, finish; ‫ طوى البساط بما فيه‬to settle
an affair once and for all, wind up an
affair; ‫( طوى جوانحه على‬jawāniḥahū) to
harbor s.th., conceal s.th. in one’s heart;
‫( طوى كشحه )كشحا( على‬kašḥahū, kašḥan)
and ‫( طوى صدره على‬ṣadrahū) to harbor or
look (a secret) in one’s bosom, keep s.th.
secret, secrete, conceal, hide s.th.; ‫طوى‬
‫( صفحته‬ṣafḥatahū) to have done with s.th.,
be through with s.th., give up, abandon
s.th.; ‫ طوى الطريق الى‬to hurry or rush to;
‫( طوى الماضى طي السجل للكاتب‬l-māḍiya ṭayya
s-sijilli) to break with the past, let bygones
be bygones; -- ‫ طوي‬ṭawiya a (‫ طوى‬ṭawan)
to be hungry, suffer hunger, starve IV =
ṭawiya V to coil (snake) VII to be folded,
be folded up, in, over, or under, be rolled
up, be turned (over) (page, leaf), be shut
(book, etc.); to go by, pass, elapse (time);
to disappear, vanish; to be covered
(distance); to be bidden, be concealed (
‫ تحت‬under), be enveloped, be wrapped (
‫ تحت‬in); to contain, comprise, encompass,
comprehend, embrace, involve, include (
‫ على‬s.th.); to harbor, nurse, bear (‫ھـ‬
feelings, esp. hatred, love) │ ‫انطوى على نفسه‬
to withdraw within o.s., be self-centered,
be introverted
‫ طي‬ṭayy concealment, biding; (pl. ‫اطواء‬
aṭwā’) fold, pleat │ ‫ طيه‬ṭayyahū and ‫طي ھذا‬
(ṭayya) herein enclosed, herewith (in a
letter); ‫( في طي الغيب‬ṭ. il-gaib) secretly,
covertly; ‫( تحت )في( طي الكتمان‬ṭ. il-kitmān)
 under the seal of secrecy; ‫( في اطواء‬with
foll. genit.) in
‫ طية‬ṭayya pl. -āt fold, pleat │ ‫حمل بين‬
‫ طياته‬involve, comprise, contain
‫ طية‬ṭīya intention, design │ (‫مضى )ذھب‬
‫ لطيته‬he went to his destination; he left in
order to do what he had in mind; he went
his way
‫ طوى‬ṭawan hunger; mat │ ‫ على الطوى‬on
an empty stomach, without having eaten
‫ طوية‬ṭawīya pl. ‫ طوايا‬ṭawāyā fold, pleat;
innermost thoughts, real conviction, true
mind; intention, design; conscience │ ‫سليم‬
‫ الطوية‬guileless artless; ‫( في طوايا‬with foll.
genit.) inside, within, in, amid
‫ طواية‬ṭawāya pl. -āt frying pan
‫ مطوى‬maṭwan pl. ‫ مطاو‬maṭāwin pocket
knife, penknife; pl. folds, pleats │ ‫في‬
‫( مطاوى‬with foll. genit.) inside, within, in,
amid; ‫ في مطاويه‬inwardly, at heart, in his
bosom
‫ مطواة‬miṭwah pocket knife, penknife
‫ انطواء‬inṭiwā’ introversion (psych.) │
‫( االنطواء على النفس‬nafs) do.
‫ انطوائي‬inṭiwā’ī introverted (psych.)
‫ طاو‬ṭāwin starved │ ‫ طاو البطن‬ṭ. l-baṭn
starved, lean, emaciated
‫ مطوي‬maṭwīy folded up, infolded, rolled
up, etc.; ‫ مطوي على‬bearing (within itself),
harboring, containing, involving s.th. │
‫ مطوى الضلوع على‬harboring s.th. in one’s
bosom
‫ منطو‬munṭawin: ‫ منطو على نفسه‬self-
absorbed, low-spirited, depressed
1 Chr.)
‫ )طاب )طيب‬ṭāba i (ṭīb, ‫ طيبة‬ṭība) to be good,
pleasant, agreeable; to be or become 577
delightful, delicious; to please (‫ ل‬s.o.), be
to s.o.’s (‫ )ل‬liking; to be or become ripe,
to ripen; to regain health, recover,
recuperate, convalesce │ ‫طابت ليلتكم‬
(lailatukum) may your night be pleasant!
good night! ‫( طابت نفسه‬nafsuhū) he was
gay, cheerful, cheery, in good spirits, he
felt happy; ‫( طاب نفسا عن‬nafsanl) to give up
s.th. gladly, renounce s.th. willingly; ‫طابت‬
‫( نفسه اليه‬nafsuhū) he had a liking for it, it
was to his taste II to make (‫ ھـ‬s.th.) good,
pleasant, agreeable, delightful, delicious,
or sweet, to sweeten (‫ ھـ‬s.th.); to scent,
perfume (‫ ه‬،‫ ھـ‬s.o., s.th.); to spice, season (
‫ ھـ‬food), mull (‫ ھـ‬wine); to sanitate,
improve (‫ ھـ‬air, drinking water); to heal,
cure (‫ ه‬s.o.); to massage (‫ ه‬s.o.) │ ‫طيب‬
‫ خاطره‬to mollify, soothe, placate,
conciliate s.o., set s.o.’s mind at rest; ‫طيب‬
‫( ﷲ ثراه‬tarāhu) may God make his earth
light (a eulogy added after mentioning the
name of a pious deceased) III to joke, jest,
banter, make fun (‫ ه‬with s.o.) IV to make (
‫ ھـ‬s.th.) good, pleasant, agreeable,
delightful, delicious, or sweet, to sweeten
(‫ ھـ‬s.th.) V to perfume o.s. X ‫ استطاب‬and
‫ استطيب‬istaṭyaba to find or deem (‫ ھـ‬s.th.)
good, pleasant, agreeable, delightful,
delicious, sweet; to like (‫ ھـ‬s.th.), be fond (
‫ ھـ‬of)
‫ طيب‬ṭīb goodness; (pl. ‫ طيوب‬ṭuyūb)
scent, perfume │ ‫ طيب العرق‬ṭ. al-‘irq noble
birth, noble descent; ‫ جوز الطيب‬jauz aṭ-ṭ.
nutmeg
‫ طيب‬ṭayyib good; pleasant, agreeable;
delicious; gay; well-disposed, friendly,
kindly; well, in good health │ ‫ طيب الخلق‬ṭ.
al-kulq good-natured, genial; ‫طيب الريحة‬
sweet-smelling, fragrant, sweet-scented;
‫ طيب العرق‬ṭ. a1-‘irq highborn, of noble
descent; ‫ طيب النفس‬ṭ. an-nafs gay, cheerful,
cheery, in high spirits
‫ طيبات‬ṭayyibāt nice, pleasant things;
gustatory delights, pleasures of the table
‫ طيبة‬ṭība goodness; good nature,
geniality │ ‫ عن طيبة خاطر‬gladly, most
willingly, with pleasure
‫ طوبى‬ṭūbā blessedness, beatitude;
Beatitude (title of honor of a patriarch;
‫ طياب‬ṭayāb, ṭiyāb (eg.) north wind
‫ طياب‬ṭayyāb pl. -ūn masseur
‫ اطيب‬aṭyab2 better; -- pl. ‫ اطايب‬aṭāyib2
the best parts (of s.th.); pleasures,
comforts, amenities; delicacies, dainties
‫ مطايب‬maṭāyib2 comforts, amenities
(e.g., of life)
‫ مطايبة‬muṯāyaba pl. -āt banter, joke,
jest, teasing remark
‫ طائب‬ṭā’ib unobjectionable (‫ ل‬for; Isl.
Law)
 ‫ مطيب‬muṭayyab bouquet, bunch (of
flowers)
2
‫ طيبة‬ṭība2 Thebes
‫ )طاح )طيح‬ṭaḥa i (ṭaiḥ) to perish, die II to lose (
‫ ھـ‬s.th.)
‫ )طار )طير‬ṭāra i (‫ طيران‬ṭayarān) to fly;
to fly away, fly off, take to the wing; to
hasten, hurry, rush, fly (‫ الى‬to); to be in a
state of commotion, be jubilant, exult,
rejoice; ‫ طار ب‬to snatch away, carry away,
carry off (s.o., s.th.) │ ‫( طار بخياله‬bi-
kayālihī) to let one’s imagination wander
to; ‫( طار له صيت في الناس‬ṣīt) his fame spread
among people, he became well-known;
‫( طار طائره‬ṭā’iruhū) to become angry, blow
one’s top; ‫‘( طار عقله‬aqluhū) to lose one’s
mind, go crazy; ‫طار فؤاده )روحه( شعاعا‬
(fu’āduhū, rūḥuhū ša‘ā‘an) his mind
became confused, he became all mixed
up; ‫( طار فرحا‬faraḥan) to be beside o.s.
with joy, be overjoyed; ‫( طار بلبه‬bi-lubbihī)
to drive s.o. out of his mind; ‫طار بصوابه‬
(bi-ṣawābihī) to make s.o. unconscious II
to make or let fly (‫ ه‬,‫ ھـ‬s.o., s.th.), to fly,
send up (‫ ھـ‬s.th., e.g., a balloon, a kite); to
pass on 578 promptly, dispatch posthaste,
forward without delay, rush, shoot (‫الى ھـ‬
s.th. to, esp. a report, a message); to knock
out (‫ ھـ‬s.th., e.g., an eye, a tooth) │ ‫طير‬
‫( رأسه‬ra’sahū) to chop off s.o.’s head,
behead s.o. IV to make or let fly (‫ ه‬،‫ ھـ‬s.o.,
s.th.), to fly (‫ ھـ‬s.th.): to blow away (‫ھـ‬
s.th.; of the wind); to make (‫ ھـ‬s.th.)
disappear at once, dispel (‫ ھـ‬s.th.) V to see
an evil omen (‫ من‬or ‫ ب‬in) VI to be
scattered, be dispersed, scatter, disperse,
spread, diffuse; to be exuded, rise
(fragrance); to fly apart, fly about, fly in
all directions (esp. sparks); to vanish,
disappear, be dispelled X to make fly,
cause to fly (‫ ھـ‬s.th.); to knock (‫ ھـ‬s.th.) out
of s.o.’s hand; to alarm or upset seriously (
‫ ه‬s.o.), agitate, excite (‫ ه‬،‫ ھـ‬s.o., s.th.); =
VI; pass. ‫ استطير‬ustuṭīra to be terrified │
‫‘( استطير عقله‬aqluhū) to go out of one’s
mind (with astonishment or fright)
‫ طير‬ṭair (coll. and n. un.) pl. ‫ طيور‬ṭuyūr,
‫ اطيار‬aṭyār birds, bird; augury, omen; ‫طيور‬
poultry; fowl │ ‫ طيور جارحة‬predatory
birds, birds of prey; ‫‘ علم الطيور‬ilm aṭ-ṭuyūr
ornithology; ‫( كأن على رؤوسھم الطير‬ka’anna,
ṭaira) motionless or silent with awe
‫ طيرة‬ṭaira commotion, agitation (of
anger, wrath); flight; female bird
‫ طيرة‬ṭīra, ṭiyāra evil omen, portent,
foreboding
‫ طيار‬ṭayyār flying; evanescent, fleeting;
volatile (liquid); floating, wafting,
hovering; (pl. -ūn) flyer, aviator, pilot │
‫ زيوت طيارة‬volatile oils; ‫( طيار اول‬awwal) a
military rank, approx.: first lieutenant of
the Air Force (Eg. 1939); ‫( طيار ثان‬ṭānin)
approx.: second lieutenant of the Air
Force (Eg. 1939)
‫ طيارة‬ṭayyāra pl. -āt aviatrix, woman
pilot; airplane, aircraft, kite (toy) │ ‫طيارة‬
‫( رياضية‬riyāḍīya) sport plane; ‫طيارة قذافة‬
(qaddāfa) bomber; ‫ طيارة مائية‬seaplane
‫ طيران‬ṭayarān flying, flight; aviation,
aeronautics │ ‫( طيران بھلواني‬bahlawānī)
stunt flying; ‫( طيران شراعي‬širā‘ī) glider
flying, gliding; ‫ خطوط الطيران‬airlines; ‫سالح‬
‫ الطيران‬air force; ‫ وزير الطيران‬minister of
aviation
‫ مطار‬maṭār pl. -āt airfield, airport │ O
‫ مطار عائم‬aircraft carrier
‫ مطارة‬maṭāra airfield, airport
‫ مطير‬maṭīr airfield, airport
‫ تطير‬taṭayyur pessimism
‫ طائر‬ṭā’ir flying; flyer, aviator, pilot;
(pl. -āt, ‫ طير‬ṭair) bird; omen, presage │
‫ سكون الطائر‬graveness, sedateness; ‫على الطائر‬
‫( الميمون‬maimūn) good luck │ Godspeed!
(said to s.o. setting out on a journey); ‫طار‬
‫( طائره‬ṭā’iruhū) to become angry, blow
one’s top
‫ طائرة‬ṭā’ira pl. -āt airplane, aircraft │
‫( على متن الطائرة‬maṭni ṭ-ṭ.) aboard the
airplane; by (air)plane (e.g., traveling);
‫( طائرة بحرية‬baḥrīya) seaplane; O ‫طائرة‬
‫( دورية‬daurīya) (short-range)
reconnaissance plane, observation plane;
‫( طائرة شراعية‬širā‘īya) sailplane, glider;
‫ طائرة المطاردة‬ṭ. al-muṭārada fighter, pursuit
plane, interceptor; ‫‘( طائرة عمودية‬amūdīya)
helicopter; ‫ طائرة القتال‬light bomber, combat
plane; ‫ طائرة المقاتلة‬ṭ. al-muqāṭala do.; O
‫ طائرة االنقضاض‬or ‫ طائرة انقضاضية‬dive
bomber; ‫ طائرة مائية‬seaplane; ‫طائرة نفاثة‬
(naffāṭa) jet plane; ‫ طائرة النقل‬ṭ. an-naql
 transport (plane); O ‫ حامالت الطائرات‬and O
‫ ناقالت الطائرات‬aircraft carrier
‫ متطير‬mutaṭayyir pessimist
‫ مستطير‬mustaṭīr imminent, impending,
threatening (of disaster); scattered,
dispersed; spread out, spread all over,
scattered about; widespread; pessimist
‫ )طاش )طيش‬ṭāša i (ṭaiš, ‫ طيشان‬ṭayašān) to be
inconstant, changeable, fickle,
lightheaded, thoughtless, heedless,
frivolous, reckless, undecided, confused,
helpless, 579 aimless, desultory; to miss
the mark (of an arrow, also ‫ ;)عن الغرض‬to
stray (‫ عن‬from the target), miss (‫ عن‬a spot,
e.g., said of the hand) │ ‫طاش سھمه‬
(sahmuhū) to be on the wrong track, bark
up the wrong tree, be unsuccessful, fail;
‫( طاش صوابه‬ṣawābuhū) to lose one’s head
‫ طيش‬ṯaiš inconsistency, fickleness;
recklessness, heedlessness, rashness;
thoughtlessness; lightheadedness, levity,
frivolity
‫ طياشان‬ṭayašān inconstancy, fickleness;
recklessness, heedlessness, rashness;
thoughtlessness; lightheadedness, levity,
frivolity
‫ طياشة‬ṭiyāša inconstancy, fickleness;
recklessness, heedlessness, rashness;
thoughtless; lightheadedness, levity,
frivolity
‫ طائش‬ṭā’iš inconstant, changeable,
fickle; lightheaded, frivolous; thoughtless,
heedless, reckless; undecided, confused,
perplexed, helpless; aimless, desultory,
purposeless
‫ )طاف )طيف‬ṭāfa i (ṭaif) to appear to s.o. (‫ )ب‬in
his sleep (of a specter)
‫ طيف‬ṭaif pl. ‫ اطياف‬aṭyāf, ‫ طيوف‬ṭuyūf
fantacy, phantasm; vision, apparition;
phantom, specter, ghost; spectrum (phys.)
‫ طيفي‬ṭaifī spectral, spectroscopic
‫ مطياف‬miṭyāf spectroscope │ ‫مطياف‬
‫( مصور‬muṣawwir) spectrograph
‫ طيلة‬see ‫طول‬
‫ طيلسان‬ṭailasān pl. ‫ طيالسة‬ṭayālisa a shawl-like
garment worn over head and shoulders
‫ طين‬II to daub or coat with clay (‫ ھـ‬s.th.)
‫ طين‬ṭīn pl. ‫ اطيان‬aṭyān clay, potter’s
clay, argil; soil; basis, foundation │ ‫الطين‬
‫( الخزفي‬kazafī) kaolin, porcelain clay; ‫زاد‬
‫ الطين بلة‬zāda ṭ-ṭīna ballatan to make things
worse, aggravate or complicate the
situation
‫ طينة‬ṭīna clay, potter’s clay, argil; stuff,
material, substance (of which s.th. is
made); kind, specific character,
disposition, constitution, nature
‫ طيان‬ṭayyān mortar carrier, hod carrier
‫ظ‬
‫ ظاء‬ẓā’ name of the letter ‫ظ‬
‫ ظئر‬ẓi’r wet nurse
‫ ظبي‬ẓaby pl. ‫ ظباء‬ẓibā’ gazelle (Gazella dorcas)
‫ ظبية‬ẓabya pl. ẓabayāt female gazelle
‫ ظر‬ẓirr sharp-edged stone, flint
‫ ظربان‬ẓaribān, ẓirbān pl. ‫ ظرابين‬ẓarābīn2, ‫ظرابي‬
ẓarābīy polecat, fitchew
‫ ظرف‬ẓarufa u (ẓarf, ‫ ظرافة‬ẓarāfa) to be
charming, chic, nice, elegant, neat; to be
witty, full of esprit II to adorn, embellish,
polish (‫ ه‬،‫ ھـ‬s.o., s.th.), impart charm (‫ ه‬،‫ھـ‬
to s.o., to s.th.); to put (‫ ھـ‬s.th.) into an
envelope, cover or wrap, to envelop, wrap
up, cover (‫ ھـ‬s.th.) V to affect charm or
elegance, display affectedness; to show
o.s. elegant, witty, full of esprit VI = V; I
to deem or find (‫ ه‬،‫ ھـ‬s.o., s.th.) elegant,
charming, adroit, witty, etc.
‫ ظرف‬ẓarf elegance, gracefulness, grace,
charm; cleverness, resourcefulness; 580
wittiness, esprit; -- (pl. ‫ ظروف‬ẓurūf)
vessel, receptacle, container; covering,
wrap, cover; (letter) envelope; capsule,
case; (gram.) adverb denoting place or
time; pl. ‫ ظروف‬circumstances, conditions
│ ‫ بظرف‬or ‫ في ظرف‬within, in a (given)
period of; ‫( ظروف مخففة‬mukaffifa) and
‫ ظروف التخفيف‬extenuating circumstances;
‫( ظروف مشددة‬mušaddida) aggravating
circumstances; ‫ بحسب الظروف‬bi-ḥasabi aẓ-
ẓ. according to circumstances, depending
on the circumstances
 ‫ ظرفي‬ẓarfī adverbial │ ‫بينة ظرفية‬
(bayyina) or ‫ دليل ظرفي‬dalīl circumstantial
evidence
‫ ظريف‬ẓarīf pl. ‫ ظرفاء‬ẓurafā’2, f. ‫ظرائف‬
ẓarā’if elegant, graceful, charming; full of
esprit, witty, nice, fine
‫ ظرافة‬ẓarāfa elegance, gracefulness,
grace, charm; esprit, wittiness
‫ تظريف‬taẓrīf wittiness, brilliant and
witty manner
‫ تظرف‬taẓarruf gracefulness, grace,
elegance, charm, wittiness, esprit
‫ مظروف‬maẓrūf pl. ‫ مظاريف‬maẓārīf2
envelope
‫ متظرف‬mutaẓarrif elegant, dandy, fop
‫ مستظرف‬mustaẓraf elegant │ ‫اصناف‬
‫ مستظرفة‬luxury articles, fancy goods
‫ ظعن‬ẓa‘ana a (ẓa‘n) to move away, leave,
depart
‫ ظعن‬ẓa‘n departure, start, journey, trek
(esp. of a caravan)
‫ ظعينة‬ẓa‘īna pl. ‫ ظعن‬ẓu‘un, ‫ اظعان‬aẓ‘ān
camel-borne sedan chair for women; a
woman in such a sedan
‫ ظاعن‬ẓā‘in ephemeral, transient,
transitory
‫ ظفر‬ẓafira a (ẓafar) to be successful, succeed,
be victorious, be triumphant; to gain a
victory (‫ على‬or ‫ ب‬over), conquer,
vanquish, defeat, overcome, surmount,
overwhelm (‫ على‬or ‫ ب‬s.o., s.th.), get the
better (‫ على‬or ‫ ب‬of s.o., of s.th.); to seize (
‫ على‬or ‫ ب‬s.o., s.th.), take posession (‫ على‬or
‫ ب‬of s.o., of s.th.); to get, obtain, attain,
achieve, gain, win (‫ على‬or ‫ ب‬s.th.) II to
grant victory (‫ على‬or ‫ ب ه‬to s.o. over),
make (‫ ه‬s.o.) triumph, render (‫ ه‬s.o.)
victorious (‫ على‬or ‫ ب‬over) IV = II; VI to
ally, enter into an alliance or confederacy,
join forces (‫ على‬against)
‫ ظفر‬ẓufur, ẓufr, ẓifr pl. ‫ اظفار‬aẓfār, ‫اظافر‬
aẓāfir2, ‫ اظافير‬aẓāfīr2 nail, fingernail;
toenail; claw, talon │ ‫من )منذ( نعومة اظفاره‬
from (the days of) his earliest youth, since
his earliest youth or adolescence; ‫ناعم الظفر‬
youthful, of tender age
‫ ظفر‬ẓafar victory, triumph
‫ ظفر‬ẓafir victorious, successful,
triumphant; (pl. ‫ )ظفران‬young man, youth
(ḥij.)
‫ اظفور‬uẓfūr pl. ‫ اظافير‬aẓāfīr2 nail,
fingernail, toenail; claw, talon
‫ ظافر‬ẓāfir victorious, triumphant;
successful; victor, conqueror
‫ مظفر‬muẓaffar victorious, successful,
triumphant
‫ ظل‬ẓalla (1st pers. perf. ẓaliltu) a (ẓall.
‫ ظلول‬ẓulūl) to be; to become, turn into,
grow into; (with foll. imperf., participle or
‫على‬:) to continue to do s.th., go on doing
s.th., persevere in doing s.th.,
stick to s.th., remain, persist in, e.g., ‫ظل‬
‫( يسكن البيت‬yaskunu l-baita) he continued to
live in the house; ‫ ظل صامتا‬he remained
silent, persisted in his silence; ‫ظل على موقف‬
(mauqif) to persist in a standpoint or
attitude II to shade, overshadow (‫ ه‬،‫ ھـ‬s.o.,
s.th.), cast a shadow (‫ ه‬،‫ ھـ‬over s.o., over
s.th.); to screen, shelter, protect (‫ ه‬،‫ ھـ‬s.o.,
s.th.); to preserve, guard, maintain, keep
up 581
(‫ ھـ‬s.th.) IV = II; V to be shaded (‫ ب‬by),
sit in the shadow (‫ ب‬of) X = V; to protect
o.s. from the sun (‫ ب‬by or through s.th.),
hide in the shadow (‫ ب‬of s.th.), seek the
shadow (‫ ب‬of s.th.); to place s.o. under the
protection or patronage of s.o. (‫)ب‬, seek
shelter or refuge with s.o. (‫)ب‬, be under
the patronage or protection of s.o. (‫)ب‬
‫ ظل‬ẓill pl. ‫ ظالل‬ẓilāl, ‫ ظلول‬ẓulūl, ‫اظالل‬
aẓlāl shadow, shade, umbra; shelter,
protection, patronage; shading, hub;
slightest indication, semblance, trace,
glimpse (of s.th.); tangent (geom.) │ ‫في ظل‬
(with foll. genit.) under the protection or
patronage of, under the auspices of; under
the sovereignty of; ‫ تحت ظل‬under the
protection or patronage of, under the
auspices of; ‫ ثقيل الظل‬insufferable,
repugnant (of a person); ‫ خفيف الظل‬likable,
nice (of a person); ‫( استثقل ظله‬istatqala) to
dislike s.o., find s.o. in sufferable,
unbearable, a bore; ‫تقلص )قلص( ظله‬
taqallaṣa ẓilluhū his prestige or authority
faded, diminished; it decreased,
diminished, dwindled away, waned
 ‫ ظلة‬ẓulla pl. ‫ ظلل‬ẓulal awning. marquee,
canopy, sheltering hut or tent, shelter;
shack, shanty; kiosk, stall; beach chair
‫ ظليل‬ẓalīl shady, shaded, umbrageous
‫ مظلة‬miẓalla, maẓalla pl. -āt, ‫مظال‬
umbrella, parasol, sunshade; lamp shade;
awning; O veranda, porch │ ‫‘ عيد المظلة‬īd
al-m. Feast of Tabernacles, Sukkoth
(Jud.); ‫( مظلة واقية‬wāqiya) parachute; ‫مظلة‬
‫ ھابطة‬do.; ‫ جندي المظلة‬jundī al-m. pl. ‫جنود‬
‫ )المظالت )المظلة‬paratrooper
‫ مظلى‬miẓallī pl. -ūn paratrooper; pl.
paratroops, airborne troops
‫ مظلل‬muẓallil shady, shadowy,
umbrageous, shading, causing shadow
‫ مظل‬muẓill shady, shadowy,
umbrageous, shading, causing shadow
‫ ظلع‬ẓala‘a a (ẓal‘) to limp, walk with a limp,
walk lamely
‫ ظلع‬ẓali‘ lame
‫ ظلف‬ẓilf pl. ‫ ظلوف‬ẓulūf, ‫ اظالف‬cloven hoof
‫ ظلم‬ẓalama i (ẓalm, ẓulm) to do wrong or evil;
to wrong, treat unjustly, ill-treat, oppress,
beset, harm, suppress, tyrannize (‫ ه‬s.o.),
commit outrage (‫ ه‬upon s.o.); to act the
tyrant, act tyrannically (‫ ه‬toward or against
s.o.); -- ẓalima a and IV to be or grow
dark, dusky, gloomy, murky, tenebrous,
darken, darkle V to complain (‫ من‬of,
about) VII and VIII ‫ اظلم‬iẓẓalama to suffer
injustice, be wronged
‫ ظلم‬ẓulm wrong; iniquity; injustice,
inequity, unfairness; oppression,
repression, suppression, tyranny; ‫ظلما‬
ẓulman unjustly, wrongfully
‫ ظلمة‬ẓulma pl. -āt, ẓulumāt, ẓulamāt, ‫ظلم‬
ẓulam darkness, duskiness, gloom,
murkiness │ ‫ بحر الظلمات‬baḥr aẓ-ẓ. the
Atlantic Ocean
‫ ظلماء‬ẓalmā’2 darkness │ ‫( ليلة ظلماء‬laila)
pitch-dark night
‫ ظالم‬ẓalām darkness, duskiness, gloom,
murkiness
‫ ظالم‬ẓalām evildoer, villain, malefactor,
rogue, scoundrel, tyrant, oppressor
‫ ظليم‬ẓalīm pl. ‫ ظلمان‬ẓilmān male ostrich
‫ ظالمة‬ẓulāma pl. -āt misdeed, wrong,
iniquity, injustice, outrage
‫ ظالمة‬aẓlam2 darker, duskier, gloomier,
murkier; a viler, more infamous, more
heinous villain
‫ مظلمة‬maẓlima pl. ‫ مظالم‬maẓālim2
misdeed, wrong, iniquity. act of injustice,
outrage
‫ اظالم‬iẓlām darkness, gloom 582
‫ ظالم‬ẓālim pl. -ūn, ‫ ظالم‬ẓullām, ‫ظلمة‬
ẓalama unjust, unfair, iniquitous,
tyrannical, oppressing; tyrant, oppressor;
offender, transgressor, sinner
‫ مظلوم‬maẓlūm wronged, ill-treated,
unjustly treated, tyrannized
‫ مظلم‬muẓlim dark, dusky, gloomy,
tenebrous, murky
‫ ظمئ‬ẓami’a a (‫ ظمأ‬ẓama’, ‫ ظماء‬ẓamā’,
‫ ظماءة‬ẓamā’a) to thirst, be thirsty II to
make (‫ ه‬s.o.) thirst
‫ ظمء‬ẓim’, ‫ ظمأ‬and ‫ ظماء‬ẓamā’ thirst
‫ ظمآن‬ẓam’ān, f. ‫ ظمأى‬ẓam’ā thirsty
‫ ظامئ‬ẓāmi’ thirsty
‫ ظن‬ẓanna (1st pers. perf. ẓanantu) u (ẓann) to
think, believe, assume, presume, suppose (
‫ ھـ‬s.th.); to bold, think, deem, consider (‫ھـ‬
or ‫ ه ه‬s.o. to be s.o. or s.th.; ‫ ھـ ھـ‬s.th. to be
s.th.); to suspect (‫ ب‬or ‫ ه‬s.o.) │ ‫ ظنه يفعل‬to
think s.o. capable of doing s.th., believe of
s.o. that he would do s.th.; ‫ال اظن احدا ينكر‬
(aḥadan yunkiru) I don’t think that anyone
can deny; ‫( ال اظنك تخالفني‬tukālifunī) I don’t
believe that you can contradict me; ‫ظن فيه‬
‫( القدرة على‬qudrata) he considered him
capable of ...; ‫( ظن به الظنون‬ẓunūna) to
think ill of s.o., have a low opinion of s.o.;
‫( ظن به الغباء‬gabā’a) to suspect s.o. of
stupidity IV to suspect (‫ ه‬s.o.) V to
surmise, form conjectures
‫ ظن‬ẓann pl. ‫ ظنون‬ẓunūn opinion, idea,
assumption, view, belief, supposition;
doubt, uncertainty │ ‫ حسن الظن‬ḥusn aẓ-ẓ.
good opinion; ‫ سوء الظن‬sū’ aẓ-ẓ. low
opinion, distrust; ‫ في اغلب الظن‬or ‫في اكثر الظن‬
most probably, most likely; ‫اكثر الظن ان‬
it is very likely that ...; ‫( ظنا منه ان‬ẓannan)
since he believed that ...; ‫ما ظنك ب‬
(ẓannuka) what is one to think of ...; ‫حسن‬
 ‫( ظنه ب‬ḥasuna ẓannuhū) to have a good
opinion of s.o., think well of s.o.; ‫احسن الظن‬
‫( ب‬aḥsana ẓ-ẓanna) do.; ‫ ساء به ظنا‬to have
a low opinion of s.o., think ill of s.o.; ‫اساء‬
‫( الظن ب‬asā’a) do.
‫ ظني‬ẓannī resting on mere assumption,
presumptive, supposed, hypothetical
‫ ظنة‬ẓinna pl. ‫ ظنن‬ẓinan suspicion,
misgiving
‫ ظنين‬ẓanīn suspicious, suspect(ed);
unreliable, untrustworthy (‫ على‬with regard
to); a suspect
‫ ظنون‬ẓanūn suspicious, distrustful
‫ مظنة‬maẓinna pl. ‫ مظان‬maẓānn2 time or
place where one expects s.th.; (with foll.
genit. or suffix) place where s.th. or s.o. is
presumably to be found, its most likely
location, the most likely place for it (or
him) to be; suspicion, misgiving │ ‫التمسته‬
‫ في مظانه‬I looked for him where I expected
to find him, where he presumably was; ‫في‬
‫ غير مظانه‬in places where he couldn’t
possibly be
‫ مظنون‬maẓnūn supposed, presumed,
assumed; suspicious, suspect(ed)
‫ ظنبوب‬ẓanbūb pl. ‫ ظنابيب‬ẓanābīb2 shinbone
‫ ظھر‬ẓahara a (‫ ظھور‬ẓuhūr) to be or become
visible, perceptible, distinct, manifest,
clear, apparent, evident, obvious (‫ ل‬to
s.o.), come to light, appear, manifest itself,
come into view, show, emerge, crop up; to
appear, seem (‫ ل‬to s.o.); to break out
(disease); to come out; to appear, be
published (book, periodical); to arise,
result (‫ من‬from); to ascend, climb, mount (
‫ ھـ‬s.th.); to gain the upperhand, to triumph
(‫ على‬over), get the better (‫ على‬of),
overcome, overwhelm, conquer, vanquish
(‫ على‬s.o.); to get (‫ على‬s.th.) into one’s
power; to gain or have knowledge (‫على‬
of), come to know (‫ على‬s.th.), become
acquainted (‫ على‬with); to know (‫ على‬s.th.);
to learn, 583 receive information (‫على‬
about); to be cognizant (‫ على‬of); to learn (
‫ على‬s.th.) II to endorse (‫ ھـ‬a bill of
exchange) III to help, assist, aid, support (‫ه‬
s.o.) IV to make visible, make apparent,
show, demonstrate, present, produce,
bring to light, expose, disclose, divulge,
reveal, manifest, announce, proclaim,
make known, expound, set forth (‫ ھـ‬s.th.);
to develop (‫ ھـ‬film; phot.); to grant victory
(‫ على ه‬to s.o. over), render victorious (‫على ه‬
s.o. over); to acquaint (‫ على ه‬s.o. with
s.th.), initiate (‫ على ه‬s.o. into s.th.), give
knowledge or information (‫ على ه‬to s.o.
about), inform, enlighten (‫ على ه‬s.o.
about), explain (‫ على ه‬to s.o. s.th.); to let (‫ه‬
s.o.) in on s.th. (‫)على‬, make (‫ ه‬s.o.) realize
(‫ على‬s.th.); to show, reveal (‫ على ه‬to s.o.
s.th.); to articulate fully VI to manifest,
display, show outwardly, exhibit, parade (
‫ ب‬s.th.); to feign, affect, pretend, simulate,
(‫ ب‬s.th.), act as if, make out as if (‫ ;)ب‬to
demonstrate, make a public
demonstration; to help one another, make
common cause (‫ على‬against) X to show,
demonstrate, expose (‫ ھـ‬s.th.); to
memorize, learn by heart (‫ ھـ‬s.th.); to
know by heart (‫ ھـ‬s.th.); to seek help,
assistance, or support (‫ ب‬with), appeal for
help, for assistance (‫ ب‬to ‫س‬.o.); to
overcome, surmount, conquer, vanquish (
‫ على‬s.o., s.th.), have or gain the upperhand
(‫ على‬over), get the better (‫ على‬of)
‫ ظھر‬ẓahr cast iron │ ‫ ظھر الحديد‬and ‫حديد‬
‫ الظھر‬see ‫زھر‬
‫ ظھر‬ẓahr pl. ‫ ظھور‬ẓuhūr, ‫ اظھر‬aẓhur
back; rear, rear part, rear aide, reverse;
flyleaf; deck (of a steamer); upper part,
top, surface; ‫ ظھورات‬ẓuhūrāt (as a genit.;
eg.) pro tempore, provisional, temporary
│ ‫ سلسلة الظھر‬silsilat aẓ-ẓ. spine, vertebral
column; ‫ ظھرا لبطن‬ẓahran li-baṭnin upside
down, topsy-turvy; ‫‘( ظھرا على عقب‬aqib)
from the ground up, radically, entirely,
completely; ‫ بظھر الغيب‬bi-ẓ. il-gaib behind
s.o.’s back, insidiously, treacherously;
secretly, stealthily, clandestinely; ‫بين‬
‫ اظھرھم‬in their midst, among them; ‫من بين‬
‫ اظھرنا‬from our midst, from among us; ‫على‬
‫ ظھر‬on (e.g., on the ground, on the water.
etc.), ‫ على ظھر الباخرة‬on board the steamer;
‫( عن ظھر القلب‬ẓ. al-qalb), ‫( عن ظھر قلب‬ẓ.
qalbin) or ‫( عن ظھر الغيب‬ẓ. il-gaib) by
heart; ‫( مستخدم ظھورات‬mustakdam)
temporary employee
‫ ظھر‬ẓuhr pl. ‫ اظھار‬aẓhār noon, midday;
(f.) midday prayer (Isl. Law) │ ‫ بعد الظھر‬in
the afternoon, p.m.; ‫ قبل الظھر‬in the
forenoon, a.m.
 ‫ ظھري‬ẓihrī: ‫ نبذه )طرحه( ظھريا‬to pay no
attention to s.th., not to care about s.th.
disregard s.th.
‫ ظھير‬ẓahīr helper, assistant, aid,
supporter; partisan, backer; back (in
soccer); (mor.) decree, edict, ordinance
‫ ظھور‬ẓuḥūr appearance; visibility,
conspicuousness; pomp, splendor, show,
ostentation, window-dressing │ ‫حب الظھور‬
ḥubb aẓ-ẓ. ostentatiousness, love of pomp;
‫‘ عيد الظھور‬īd aẓ-ẓ. Epiphany (Chr.)
‫ الظھران‬aẓ-ẓahrān Dhahran (town in
extensive oil region of E Saudi Arabia)
‫ بين ظھرانيھم‬baina ẓahrānaihim in their
midst, among them
‫ ظھارة‬ẓahāra outside, right side (of a
garment); blanket (e.g., of a mule)
‫ ظھيرة‬ẓahīra noon, midday, midday
heat
‫ اظھر‬aẓhar2 more distinct, more
manifest, clearer
‫ مظھر‬maẓhar pl. ‫ مظاھر‬maẓāhir2
(external) appearance, external make-up,
guise; outward bearing, comportment,
conduct, behavior; exterior, look(s), sight,
view; semblance, aspect; bearer or object
of a phenomenon, object in which s.th.
584 manifests itself; phenomenon;
symptom (med.); pl. manifestations,
expressions │ ‫ مظاھر الحياة‬m. al-ḥayāh
manifestations of life (biol.); ‫في المظھر‬
externally, in outward appearance,
outwardly
‫ تظھير‬taẓhīr endorsement, transfer by
endorsement (of a bill of exchange; com.)
‫ ظھار‬ẓihār pre-Islamic form of divorce,
consisting in the words of repudiation:
you are to me like my mother’s back (‫انت‬
‫ علي كظھر امي‬anti 'alayya ka-ẓahri ummī)
‫ مظاھرة‬muẓāhara assistance, support,
backing; (pl. -āt) (public) demonstration,
rally
‫ اظھار‬iẓhār presentation, exposition,
demonstration, exhibition, disclosure,
exposure, revelation, announcement,
declaration, manifestation, display;
developing (phot.)
‫ تظاھر‬taẓāhur dissimulation, feigning,
pretending, pretension; hypocrisy,
dissemblance; (pl. -āt) (public)
demonstration, rally
‫ ظاھر‬ẓāhir (of God) mastering,
knowing (‫ على‬s.th.); visible, perceptible,
distinct, manifest, obvious, conspicuous,
clear, patent, evident, apparent; external,
exterior, outward; seeming, presumed,
ostensible, alleged; outside, exterior,
surface; outskirts, periphery (of a city);
(gram.) substantive; (pl. ‫ ظواھر‬ẓawāhir2)
external sense, literal meaning (specif., of
Koran and Prophetic Tradition); ‫ظاھرا‬
ẓāhiran externally, outwardly; seemingly,
presumedly, ostensibly, allegedly │ ‫ظاھر‬
‫ اللفظ‬ẓ. al-lafẓ the literal meaning of an
expression; ‫ الظاھر ان‬it seems, it appears
that ...; ‫ حسب الظاھر‬ḥasaba ẓ-ẓ. in outward
appearance, externally, outwardly; ‫في‬
‫ الظاھر‬apparently, obviously, evidently; ‫في‬
‫ الظاھر‬and ‫( في ظاھر األمر‬ẓ. il-amr) seen
outwardly, externally; outwardly; ‫من الظاھر‬
from outside
‫ ظاھري‬ẓāhirī outer, outside, external,
exterior, outward; superficial; Zahiritic,
interpreting the Koran according to its
literal meaning
‫ ظاھرة‬ẓāhira pl. ‫ ظواھر‬ẓawāhir2
phenomenon, outward sign or token,
external symptom or indication │ ‫ظواھر‬
‫ الحياة‬ẓ. al-ḥayāh biological phenomena
(biol.); ‫‘ علم الظواھر الجوية‬ilm aẓ-ẓ. al-
gawwīya meteorology; ‫ستر الظواھر‬
(ẓawāhira) to keep up appearances
‫ متظاھر‬mutaẓāhir pl. -ūn demonstrator
‫ ظاء‬ẓā’ name of the letter ‫ظ‬
‫ع‬
‫‘ عب‬abba u (‘abb) to drink in large draughts,
gulp down (‫ ھـ‬s.th.); to pour down, toss
down (‫ ه‬a drink); to lap up, drink avidly (‫ھـ‬
s.th.)
‫‘ عب‬ubb, ‘ibb breast pocket
‫‘ عباب‬ubāb f. torrents, floods; waves,
billows
 ‫ يعبوب‬ya‘būb torrential river
‫‘ عبأ‬aba’a a with negation; ‫ ما عبأ ب‬not to care
about, not to give a hoot for, pay no
attention to, attach no importance to, not
1
to insist on │ ‫( ال يعبأ به‬yu‘ba’u)
unimportant, insignificant; ‫غير عابئ‬
indifferent, unconcerned II to prepare,
arrange (‫ ھـ‬s.th.); to array, set up (‫ ھـ‬s.th.);
to mobilize, call up (‫ جيشا‬jaišan an army);
to fill, pack (‫ ب ھـ‬s.th. with); 585 to load,
charge (‫ ب ھـ‬s.th. with); to draw off,
decant (‫ في ھـ‬s.th. into), bottle (‫ ھـ‬s.th.)
‫‘ عبء‬ib’ pl. ‫ اعباء‬a‘bā’ load, burden (
‫ على‬on), encumbrance (‫ على‬to) │ ‫عبء‬
‫‘ اإلثبات‬i. al-itbāt burden of proof (jur.);
‫ نھض‬or ‫ قام األعباء كلھا‬to take all burdens
upon o.s., carry all burdens
‫‘ عباء‬abā’ pl. ‫ اعبئة‬a‘bi’a aba, cloak-
like, woolen wrap (occasionally striped)
‫‘ عباءة‬abā’a pl. -āt aba, a cloak-like,
woolen wrap (occasionally striped)
‫ تعبئة‬ta‘bi’a mobilization; drafting,
conscription; filling, drawing off, bottling
‫‘ عابئ‬ābi’ see under verb I
‫‘ عبث‬abita a (‘abat) to fool around, indulge in
horseplay, commit a folly; to play, joke,
jest (‫ ب‬with); to toy, play a frivolous game
(‫ ب‬with), mock (‫ ب‬s.o., s.th.); to play
(absent-mindedly), fidget, fuas, dawdle,
fiddle (‫ ب‬with s.th., e.g., while talking); to
handle, manipulate (‫ ب‬s.th.), tinker (‫ب‬
with); to abuse (‫ ب‬s.th.); to commit an
offense (‫ ب‬against), violate (‫ ب‬s.th.),
infringe, encroach (‫ ب‬upon); to impair,
injure (‫ ب‬s.th.) III to amuse o.s., make fun,
play around, banter, dally (‫ ه‬with s.o.),
tease (‫ ه‬s.o.), play a trick, prank or joke (‫ه‬
on s.o.)
‫‘ عبث‬abat (frivolous) play; pastime,
amusement; joke, jest; mockery; ‫عبثا‬
‘abatan in vain, futilely, to no avail,
Uselessly, fruitlessly │ ‫ من العبث ان‬it is
foolish and useless to ...; ‫ولكن عبثا استطاع ان‬
‫( يجيبه‬iataṭā‘a, yujībahū) but he couldn’t
give him an answer
‫ عبث‬mu‘ābata pl.-āt teasing, joke or
prank played on s.o.; funmaking, jesting,
banter, raillery
‫‘ عابث‬ābit joking, jocular; mocking,
scornful; frivolous; wanton, wicked,
outrageous; offender, transgressor,
evildoer, sinner
‫‘ عبد‬abada u (‫‘ عبادة‬ibada, ‫‘ عبودة‬ubūda, ‫عبودية‬
‘ubādīya) to serve, worship (‫ ه‬a god),
adore, venerate (‫ ه‬s.o., a god or human
being), idolize, deify (‫ ه‬s.o.) II to enslave,
enthrall, subjugate, subject (‫ ه‬s.o.); to
improve, develop, make serviceable, make
passable for traffic (‫ ھـ‬a road) V to devote
o.s. to the service of God X to enslave,
enthrall, subjugate (‫ ه‬s.o.)
‫‘ عبد‬abd pl. ‫‘ عبيد‬abād, ‫‘ عبدان‬ubdān,
‘ibdān slave, serf; bondsman, servant; --
(pl. ‫‘ عباد‬ibad) servant (of God), human
being, man; ‫ العباد‬humanity, mankind │
‫ = العبد‬I (form of modesty); ‫العبد الضعيف‬
do.
‫ عبدالوي‬،‫‘ عبد الالوي‬abdallāwī (eg.) a
variety of melon
‫‘ عبدة‬abda pl. -āt woman slave, slave
girl, bondwoman
‫‘ عباد‬abbād: ‫ عباد الشمس‬and ‫عبادة الشمس‬
‘a. aš-šams sunflower (Helianthus annuus
L.)
‫‘ عبادة‬ibāda worship, adoration,
veneration; devotional service, divine
service (Chr.); pl. -āt acts of devotion,
religious observances (Isl. Law)
‫‘ عبودة‬ubūda humble veneration,
homage, adoration, worship; slavery, serf-
dom; servitude, bondage
‫‘ عبودية‬ubūdīya humble veneration,
homage, adoration, worship; slavery,
serfdom; servitude, bondage
‫ معبد‬ma‘bad pl. ‫ معابد‬ma‘ābid2 place of
worship; house of God, temple
‫ تعبيد‬ta‘bīd enslavement, enthrallment,
subjugation, subjection; paving, pavement
│ ‫ تعبيد الطرق‬t. aṭ-ṭuruq road construction
586
‫ تعبد‬ta‘abbud piety, devoutness,
devotion, worship; hagiolatry, worship or
cult of saints (Chr.)
‫ استعباد‬isti‘bād enslavement,
enthrallment, subjugation
 ‫‘ عابد‬ābid pl. -ūn, ‫‘ عباد‬ibād, ‫‘ عبدة‬abada
worshiper, adorer,
‫ معبود‬ma‘būd worshiped, adored; deity,
godhead; idol
‫ معبودة‬ma‘būda ladylove, adored
woman
‫ معبد‬ma‘bad passable, smooth,
improved (road)
‫ متعبد‬muta‘abbid pious, devout; pious
worshiper (Chr.)
‫‘ عبدان‬abadān2 Abadan (island and town in W
Iran, oil center)
‫‘ عبر‬abara u (‘abr, ‫‘ عبور‬ubūr) to cross,
traverse (‫ ھـ‬s.th.); to ford (‫ ھـ‬s.th.), wade (
‫ ھـ‬through s.th.); to swim (‫ ھـ‬s.th. or across
s.th.); to pass (‫ ھـ‬over s.th.); to ferry (‫ ھـ‬a
river, and the like); ‫ عبر به ھـ‬to carry s.o.
across or over s.th.; to pass, elapse (time),
fade, dwindle; to pass away, die, depart; --
‘abira (‘abar) to shed tears II to interpret (
‫ ھـ‬a dream); to state clearly, declare,
assert, utter, express, voice (‫ عن‬s.th.), give
expression (‫ عن‬to a feeling); to designate (
‫ عن ب‬s.th. with or by); to determine the
weight of a coin (‫)ھـ‬, weigh (‫ ھـ‬a coin)
VIII to be taught a lesson, be warned; to
learn a lesson, take warning, to learn, take
an example (‫ ب‬from); to consider, weigh,
take into account or consideration (‫ھـ‬
s.th.), allow, make allowances (‫ ھـ‬for
s.th.); to acknowledge a quality (‫ )ھـ‬in s.o.
(‫ ;)ل‬to deem, regard, take (‫ ه‬،‫ ھـ ھـ‬s.o. s.th.
as), look (‫ ه‬،‫ ھـ ھـ‬at s.th. as); to esteem,
honor, revere, value, respect, hold in
esteem (‫ ه‬s.o.), have regard (‫ ه‬for s.o.) │ to
shed tears, weep
‫‘ عبر‬abr crossing, traversing, transit;
passage; fording; ‘abra (prep.) across,
over; beyond, on the other side of
‫‘ عبور‬ubūr crossing, traversing, transit;
passage; fording
‫‘ عبير‬abīr fragrance, scent, perfume,
aroma; bouquet (of wine)
‫‘ عبري‬ibrī Hebrew, Hebraic; (pl. -ūn) a
Hebrew; ‫ العبري‬or ‫ العبرية‬Hebrew, the
Hebrew language
‫’عبرة‬abra pl. ’abarāt, ‫‘ عبر‬ibar tear
‫‘ عبرة‬ibra pl. ‫‘ عبر‬ibar admonition,
monition, warning; (warning or deterring)
example, lesson, advice, rule, precept (to
be followed); consideration befitting s.th.;
that which has to be considered, be taken
into consideration or account, that which
is of consequence, of importance, s.th.
decisive or consequential │ ‫موطن العبرة‬
mauṭin al-‘i. the salient point, the crucial
point; ‫‘( ال عبرة به‬ibrata) it deserves no
attention, it is of no consequence; ‫ في‬or
‫ العبرة ب‬the crucial factor(s) is (are) ...,
decisive is (are) ...; ‫( ال عبرة لمن‬li-man) it is
of no consequence if s.o. …
‫‘ عبارة‬ibāra pl. -āt explanation,
interpretation; mode of expression,
diction; word; sentence, clause, phrase,
idiom, expression │ ‫( بعبارة اخرى‬ukrā) in
other words, expressed otherwise; ‫عبارة‬
‫‘ فعبارة‬ibāratan fa-‘ibāratan sentence by
sentence, word by word; ‫عبارة عن‬
consisting in; tantamount to, equivalent to,
meaning ...
‫‘ عبراني‬ibrānī Hebrew, Hebraic; a
Hebrew; ‫ العبراني‬or ‫ العبرانية‬Hebrew, the
Hebrew language
‫ معبر‬ma‘bar pl. ‫ معابر‬ma‘ābir2 crossing
point, crossing, traverse, passage(way);
ford; pass, pass road, defile; O lobby
‫ معبر‬mi‘bar pl. ‫ معابر‬ma‘ābir2 medium
for crossing, ferry, ferryboat; bridge 587
‫ تعبير‬ta‘bīr interpretation (of a dream);
assertion, declaration, expression,
utterance (‫ عن‬of a feeling); (pl. -āt)
expression (in general, also artistic); (pl. –
‫ تعابير‬ta‘ābīr2) (linguistic) expression,
phrase, term │ ‫( بتعبير آخر‬ākar) in other
words, expressed otherwise
‫ تعبيري‬ta‘bīrī expressional, expressive,
emotive
‫ اعتبار‬i‘tibār respect, regard, deference,
esteem; (pl. -āt) consideration, regard;
reflection, contemplation; approach,
outlook, point of view, view │ ‫)اعتبارا ل )ب‬
(itibāran) with respect to, with regard to,
in consideration of, considering .... in
view of (s.th.); ‫ اعتبارا من‬from, as of,
beginning ..., starting with ..., effective
from ... (with foll. indication of time);
‫ باعتبار الشيء‬with respect to, with regard to,
 in consideration of, considering in view of
(s.th.); ‫ باعتبار ان‬bi-‘tibāri an considering
(the fact) that ..., with regard to the fact
that ..., in view of the fact that ...; provided
that ..., with the proviso that ...; ‫ باعتباره‬as,
in terms of, in the opacity of, e.g., ‫وزير‬
‫( الخارجية باعتباره اقدم الوزراء‬aqdama l-
wuzarā’i) the Foreign Minister in his
capacity of senior-ranking minister; ‫بھذا‬
‫ االعتبار‬from this standpoint, from this
viewpoint; ‫ على اعتبار ان‬considering (the
fact) that ..., with regard to the fact that ...,
in view of the fact that ...; on the
assumption that ...; ‫ على ھذا االعتبار‬from this
standpoint, from this viewpoint; ‫في كل‬
‫ اعتبار‬in every respect; ‫اعتبارا او حقيقة‬
(ḥaqīqatan) from a subjective point of
view or in reality
‫ اعتباري‬i‘tibārī based on a subjective
approach or outlook; relative │ ‫شخصية‬
‫( اعتبارية‬šakṣīya) legal person (jur.)
‫‘ عابر‬ābir passing; crossing, traversing,
etc. (see I); fleeting (smile); transient,
transitory, ephemeral; bygone, past,
elapsed (time); (pl. -ūn) passerby │ O
‫ صاروخ عابر القارات‬intercontinental ballistic
missile, ICBM
‫ معبر‬mu‘abbir interpreter (‫ عن‬of
feelings); expressive, significant │ ‫رقص‬
‫( معبر‬raqṣ) interpretative dancing
□ ‫( عبرود‬ḥi ‫ )على‬musket, gun
‫‘ عبس‬abasa i (‘abs, ‫‘ عبوس‬ubs) to frown, knit
one’s brows; to glower, lower, scowl,
look sternly │ ‫ عبس في وجھه‬to give s.o. an
angry look, scowl at s.o. II = I
‫‘ عبوس‬abūs frowning, scowling;
gloomy, dismal, melancholy; stern,
austere; ominous
‫‘ عبوس‬ubūs gloominess, gloom,
dreariness; sternness, austerity, severity,
gravity
‫‘ عبوسة‬ubūsa frown, scowl; glower,
gloomy look, a gloomy, morose, sullen or
stern mien
‫‘ عباسي‬abbāsī Abbaside; (pl. -ūn) an
Abbaside
‫‘ عابس‬ābis frowning, scowling; gloomy,
morose, sullen; austere, stern, severe
‫‘ عبيط‬abīṭ pl. ‫‘ عبطاء‬ubaṭā’2 stupid, imbecile,
idiotic, silly, foolish
‫ اعتباطا‬i‘tibāṭan at random, haphazardly,
arbitrarily
‫‘ عبق‬abiqa a (‘abaq) to cling (‫ ب‬to), linger (‫ب‬
on, of ascent); to be fragrant, exhale
fragrance; to be filled, be redolent (‫ ب‬with
a scent, etc.)
‫‘ عبق‬abiq fragrant, redolent, exhaling
fragrance
‫‘ عبقة‬abqa pressure (on the chest),
feeling of suffocation
‫‘ عابق‬ābiq fragrant, redolent, exhaling
fragrance 588
‫‘ عبقر‬abqar legendary place inhabited by jinn;
fairyland, wonderland
‫‘ عبقري‬abqarī multicolored, colorful
carpet; ingenious, genial; (pl. -ūn, ‫عباقرة‬
‘abāqira) ingenious person, genius
‫‘ عبقرية‬abqarīya ingenuity, genius
‫‘ عبك‬abak camlet (woolen fabric)
‫' عبل‬abl pl. ‫‘ عبال‬ibāl plump, well rounded,
chubby, fat (e.g., arms)
‫‘ عبال‬abāl (coll.; n. un. ‫ )ة‬a variety of
wild rose, eglantine
‫ اعبل‬a‘bal granite
‫ عبو‬II = ‫ عبأ‬II; to fill, pack (‫ ب ھـ‬s.th. with); to
load, charge (‫ ب ھـ‬s.th. with)
‫‘ عبوة‬ubūwa pl. -āt package, pack (of an
article, of a commodity); container with
its contents
‫‘ عباية‬abāya = ‫‘ عباءة‬abā’a q.v.
‫‘ عتب‬ataba i u (‘atb, ‫ معتب‬ma‘tab) to blame,
censure, reprove, scold (‫ على‬s.o.); -- ‫عتب‬
‫‘ بابه‬ataba bābahū to cross the threshold of
s.o. II to hesitate, be slow, be tardy III to
blame, censure, reprove, scold (‫ على ه‬s.o.
for)
‫‘ عتب‬atb censure, blame, rebuke,
reproof, reprimand
‫‘ عتبة‬ataba pl. ‫‘ عتب‬atab, ‫ اعتاب‬a‘tāb
doorstep, threshold; (door) lintel, also ‫العتبة‬
‫‘( العليا‬ulyā); step, stair │ ‫األعتاب السنية‬
(sanīya) (formerly:) His Highness the Bey
(Tun.); ‫ رفعه ألعتاب الملك‬rafa‘ahū li-a. l-
 malik to present s.th. (e.g., a gift) most
obediently to the king
‫‘ عتاب‬itāb censure, blame, rebuke,
reproof, reprimand
‫ معاتبة‬mu‘ātaba censure, blame, rebuke,
reproof, reprimand
‫‘ عتد‬atuda u (‫‘ عتاد‬atād) to be ready, be
prepared IV to prepare, ready, make ready
(‫ ھـ‬s.th.)
‫‘ عتاد‬atād pl. ‫ اعتد‬a’tud, ‫ اعتدة‬a‘tida
equipment; (war) material, matériel,
ammunition │ ‫( عتاد حربي‬ḥarbī) war
material, materiel, ammunition
‫‘ عتيد‬atīd ready, prepared; future,
forthcoming; venerable; solemn
□ ‫ معتر‬mu‘attar (< ‫ )معثر‬slovenly, floppy;
stupid; unfortunate
‫‘ عتق‬atuqa u (‫‘ عتاقة‬atāqa) and ‘ataqa i (‘atq,
‘itq) to grow old, age; to mature, mellow
(wine); -- ‘ataqa i to be emancipated, be
free (slave) IV to free, set free, release,
emancipate, manumit (‫ ه‬s.o., esp. a slave)
VII to free o.s., rid o.s. (‫ من‬of)
‫‘ عتق‬itq age, vintage (esp. of wine);
liberty (as opposed to slavery);
emancipation, freeing, manumission (of a
slave)
‫‘ عتيق‬atīq old, ancient, antique;
matured, mellowed, aged (wine); of
ancient tradition, long-standing;
antiquated, outmoded, obsolete; free,
emancipated (slave); noble │ ‫عتيق الطراز‬
old-fashioned
‫‘ عتاقة‬atāqa age, vintage (esp. of wine)
‫ اعتاق‬i‘tāq freeing, liberation,
manumission (of a slave)
‫‘ عاتق‬ātiq pl. ‫‘ عواتق‬awātiq2 shoulder │
‫( اخذه على عاتقه‬akadahū) to take s.th. upon
o.s., take over, assume s.th; ‫القى المسؤولية‬
‫( على عاتقه‬alqā l-mas’ūliyata) to place the
responsibility on s.o.; ‫ وقع على عاتق فالن‬to
be at s.o.’s expense, fall to s.o.
‫ معتق‬mu‘attaq mellowed, matured
(wine); old, ancient
‫ معتق‬mu‘tiq emancipator, liberator,
manumitter (of slaves)
‫‘ عتك‬ataka i to attack
‫‘ عاتك‬atik clear, pure, limpid (esp.
wine) 589
‫‘ عتل‬atala u i (‘atl) to carry (‫ ھـ‬s.th.)
‫‘ عتال‬attāl porter, carrier
‫‘ عتلة‬atala pl. ‫‘ عتل‬atal crowbar
‫‘ عتالة‬itāla porter’s or carrier’s trade;
porterage
‫‘ عتم‬atama i (‘atm) to hesitate II to darken,
obscure, cloud, black out (‫ ھـ‬s.th.); to
hesitate (esp. with neg.) │ ‫ ما عتم‬،‫ال يعتم ان‬
‫ لم يعتم ان‬،‫ ان‬it does not (did not) take long
until …, before long ..., presently IV to
hesitate, waver
‫( عتم‬coll.; n. un. ‫ )ة‬wild olive tree
‫‘ عتمة‬atma dark, gloom, darkness
‫‘ عتمة‬atama first third of the night
‫‘ عتامة‬atāma opacity, opaqueness; (pl.
-āt) darkness
‫ تعتيم‬ta‘tīm darkening, obscuring,
clouding
‫ معتم‬mu‘tim dark
‫ عته‬pass. ‘utiha (‘uth, ‘atah, ‫‘ عتاھة‬atāha) to be
or become· idiotic, imbecile, dimwitted,
feeble-minded, demented, insane, mad,
crazy
‫‘ عته‬uth, ‘atah idiocy, imbecility
dimwittedness, feeble-mindedness
‫‘ عتاھة‬atāha idiocy, imbecility,
dimwittedness, feeble-mindedness
‫ معتوه‬ma‘tūh pl. ‫ معاتيه‬ma‘ātīh2 idiotic,
insane, mad, crazy; idiot, lunatic,
imbecile, demented person, insane person
(‫ عتو‬and ‫‘ عتي( عتا‬atā u (‫‘ عتو‬utūw, ‫‘ عتي‬utīy,
‘itīy) to be insolent, refractory,
recalcitrant, unruly; to be violent, fierce,
strong, wild, furious, raging (e.g., storms)
V do.
‫‘ عتو‬utūw presumption, haughtiness,
insolence, impertinence, arrogance;
recalcitrance, unruliness, wildness,
ferocity
‫‘ عتي‬utīy presumption, haughtiness
insolence, impertinence, arrogUC8;
recalcitrance, unruliness, wildness,
 ferocity │ ‫‘( بلغ من العمر عتيا‬umr) to attain
great age; to be far advanced in years
‫‘ عتي‬atīy pl. ‫ اعتاء‬a‘tā’ haughty,
impertinent, insolent; recalcitrant,
refractory, unruly, intractable, wild
‫‘ عات‬ātin pl. ‫‘ عتاة‬utāh presumptuous,
impudent, impertinent, insolent, arrogant;
violent, fierce, strong, wild, furious,
raging (storm)
‫‘ عث‬utt (coll.; n. un. ‫ )ة‬pl. ‫‘ عثث‬utat moth
worm, moth larva; moth
‫ معثوث‬ma‘tūt moth-ridden, fall of
moths, moth-eaten
‫‘ عثر‬atara u i (‘atr, ‫‘ عثير‬atīr, ‫‘ عثار‬itār) to
stumble, trip; ‫ عثر به‬to trip s.o., make s.o.
stumble, make s.o. fall, fell s.o., topple
s.o.; -- ‘atara u (‫‘ عثور‬utūr) to come (‫ ب‬or
‫ على‬scroll), hit, light, strike, stumble (‫ ب‬or
‫ على‬upon), find, discover, detect (‫ ب‬or ‫على‬
s.o. s.th.) II to cause (‫ ه‬s.o.) to stumble,
trip (‫ ه‬s.o.), make (‫ ه‬s.o.) fall, topple (‫ه‬
s.o.) IV = II; to acquaint (‫ على ه‬s.o. with
s.th.); to lead (‫ على ه‬s.o. to s.th.) V to
stumble, trip; to stutter, stammer, speak
brokenly │ ‫( تعثر بأذيال الخيبة‬bi-adyāl l-
kaiba) to fail, meet with failure
‫‘ عثرة‬atra pl. ‘atarāt stumbling,
tripping; false step, slip, fall │ ‫حجر عثرة‬
ḥajar ‘a. stumbling block; ‫وقف عثرة في سبيله‬
(‘atratan) to be a stumbling block for s.o.,
obstruct s.o.’s way
‫‘ عثور‬atūr discovery, detection (‫ على‬of)
‫‘ عثير‬ityar dust, fine sand
‫‘ عاثور‬ātūr pl. ‫‘ عواثير‬awātīr2 pitfall;
difficulty
‫ متعثر‬muta‘attir stumbling, tripping;
speaking (a foreign language) brokenly;
broken (of a foreign language)
‫‘ عثماني‬utmānī Ottoman; (adj. and n.) 590
‫‘ عثنون‬utnūn pl. ‫‘ عثانين‬atānīn2 beard
‫ )عثو‬and ‫‘ عثي( عثا‬atā u (‫‘ عثو‬utūw), ‫‘ عثى‬atā a
i (‘utīy, ‘itīy) to act wickedly, do harm,
cause mischief
‫‘ عج‬ajja i (‘ajj, ‫‘ عجيج‬ajīj) to cry, yell, roar; to
cry out for help (‫ الى‬to); to rage, roar; to
thunder, resound (‫ ب‬with); to swarm, teem
(‫ ب‬with) II to raise, swirl up (‫ الغبار‬al-
gubāra the dust; of the wind)
‫‘ عج‬ajj crying, yelling; clamor, roar
‫‘ عجة‬ujja omelet
‫‘ عجيج‬ajīj crying, yelling; clamor, roar
‫‘ عجاج‬ajāj (swirling) dust; smoke
‫‘ عجاجة‬ajāja pl. -āt cloud of dust;
billow of smoke
‫‘ عجاج‬ajjāj crying, yelling, clamoring,
roaring, boisterous, vociferous; raging
(esp. sea)
‫‘ عجب‬ajiba a (‘ajab) to wonder,
marvel, be astonished, be amazed (‫ ب‬or ‫ل‬
at, over) II to strike with wonder or
astonishment, amaze, astonish, surprise (‫ه‬
s.o.) IV = II; to please, delight (‫ ه‬s.o.),
appeal (‫ ه‬to s.o.); -- pass. IV u‘jiba to
admire (‫ ب‬s.o., s.th.), have a high opinion
(‫ ب‬of); to be proud (‫ ب‬of), be vain (‫ب‬
about), glory (‫ ب‬in) │ ‫( اعجب بنفسه‬u‘jiba)
to be conceited, be vain V to wonder,
marvel, be astonished, be amazed (‫ من‬at,
over) X = V
‫‘ عجب‬ujb pride (‫ ب‬of, in), vanity (‫ ب‬in),
conceit
‫‘ عجب‬ajab astonishment, amazement;
(pl. ‫ اعجاب‬a‘jāb) wonder, marvel; ‫عجبا‬
‘ajaban how strange! how odd! How
astonishing! how remarkable! ‫ يا للعجب‬yā
la-l-‘ajab oh, how wonderful! ‫ال عجب‬
(‘ajaba) no wonder! ‫ امر عجب‬amrun
‘ajabun a wonderful, marvelous thing;
‫( عجب عجاب‬ujāb) most prodigious
happening, wonder of wonders
‫‘ عجاب‬ujāb wonderful, wondrous,
marvelous, astonishing, amazing; see
‘ajab
‫‘ عجيب‬ajīb wonderful, wondrous,
marvelous, admirable; astonishing,
amazing, remarkable, strange, odd
‫‘ عجيبة‬ajība pl. ‫‘ عجائب‬ajā’ib wondrous
thing, unheard of thing, prodigy, marvel,
miracle, wonder; pl. remarkable things,
curiosities, oddities │ ‫من عجائب األمر ان‬
the remarkable thing about the matter is
that ...
 ‫ اعجب‬a’jab2 more wonderful, more
marvelous; more astonishing, more
remarkable
‫ اعجوبة‬u‘jūba pl. ‫ اعاجيب‬a‘ājīb2
wondrous thing; unheard-of thing,
prodigy, marvel, miracle, wonder
‫ تعجيب‬ta‘jīb arousing of admiration (‫من‬
for s.th.), boosting (‫ من‬of s.th.), publicity (
‫ من‬for s.th.)
‫ اعجاب‬i‘jāb admiration (‫ ب‬for);
pleasure, satisfaction, delight (‫ ب‬in);
acclaim; pride; self-complacency, conceit
‫ تعجب‬ta‘ajjub astonishment, amazement
‫ استعجاب‬isti‘jāb astonishment,
amazement
‫ معجب‬mu‘jib causing admiration,
admirable
‫ معجب‬mu‘jab admirer (‫ ب‬of s.o., of
s.th.); proud (‫ ب‬of), vain (‫ ب‬about) │
‫( معجب بنفسه‬bi-nafsihī) conceited, vain
‫ متعجب‬muta‘ajjib amazed, astonished
‫‘ عجر‬ajar outgrowth, protuberance,
excrescence, projection
‫‘ عجر‬ajr (eg.) green, unripe
‫‘ عجرة‬ujra pl. ‫‘ عجر‬ujar knot, knob,
hump, protuberance, excrescence │ ‫عجره‬
‫‘ وبجره‬ujaruhū wa-bujaruhū his (its)
obvious 591 and hidden shortcomings, all
his (its) faults
‫‘ عجور‬aggūr (coll.; n. un. ‫ )ة‬a variety of
green melon, (eg.)
‫ عجرف‬II ta‘ajrafa to be presumptuous,
arrogant, haughty
‫‘ عجرفة‬ajrafa presumption, arrogance,
haughtiness
‫‘ عجز‬ajaza i (‘ajz) and ‘ajiza a to be
weak, lock strength, be incapable (‫ عن‬of),
be unable (‫ عن‬to do s.th.); -- ‘ajaza u (
‫‘ عجوز‬ujūz) and ‘ajuza u to age, grow old
(woman) │ ‫‘( ما عجز ان‬ajaza, ‘ajiza) not to
fail to ... II to weaken, debilitate, disable,
incapacitate, hamstring, cripple, paralyze (
‫ ه‬s.o.) IV to weaken, debilitate, disable,
incapacitate, hamstring, cripple, paralyze
(. s.o.); to be impossible (‫ ه‬for s.o.); to
speak in an inimitable, or wonderful,
manner │ ‫( اعجزه عن الدب والمشي‬dabb,
mašy) to paralyze s.o.’s every move; ‫اعجزه‬
‫( عن الفھم‬fahm) to make comprehension
impossible for s.o. X to deem (‫ ه‬s.o.)
incapable (‫ عن‬of)
‫‘ عجز‬ajz weakness, incapacity,
disability, failure, impotence (‫ عن‬for, to do
s.th.); deficit
‫' عجز‬ajuz, ‘ajz pl. ‫ اعجاز‬a‘jāz backside,
rump, posteriors │ ‫ اعجاز النخل‬a. an-nakl
stumps of palm trees; ‫رد العجز على‬
‫( الصدرعجز‬ṣadr) to bring the rear to the
fore, i.e., to reverse conditions, make up
for a deficiency
‫‘ عجوز‬ujūz old age
‫‘ عجوز‬ajūz pl. ‫‘ عجائز‬ajā’iz2, ‫‘ عجز‬ujuz
old woman; old man; old, advanced in
years
‫‘ عجيزة‬ajīza posteriors, buttocks (of a
woman)
‫ اعجز‬i‘jāz inimitability, wondrous
nature (of the Koran)
‫‘ عاجز‬ājiz pl. ‫‘ عواجز‬awājiz2 weak,
feeble, powerless, impotent; incapable (‫عن‬
of), unable (‫ عن‬to do s.th.); -- (pl. ‫عجزة‬
‘ajaza) physically weak; physically
disabled; decrepit │ ‫ اسعاف العجزة‬is‘āf
al-‘a. care for the aged
‫ معجز‬mu‘jiz miracle (esp. one
performed by a prophet)
‫ معجزة‬mu‘jiza pl. -āt miracle (esp. one
performed by a prophet)
‫‘ عجعج‬aj‘aja to bellow, bawl, roar
‫‘ عجعجة‬aj‘aja clamor, roar, bellowing
‫ اعجف‬a‘jaf 2, f. ‫‘ عجفاء‬ajfā’2 pl. ‫‘ عجاف‬ijāf
slender, slim, svelte; lean, emaciated
‫‘ عجل‬ajila a (‘ajal, ‫‘ عجلة‬ajala) to hurry,
hasten, speed, rush, be in a hurry; to rush,
hasten, hurry, come quickly (‫ الى‬to) II to
hurry, hasten, speed, rush, be in a hurry; to
bring about quickly, hasten on (‫ ب‬s.th.),
bring or take quickly (‫ ل ب‬s.th. to); to
hurry, rush, urge, impel, drive (‫ ه‬s.o.),
expedite, speed up, accelerate (‫ ه‬s.th.); to
pay in advance; to pay spot cash (‫ ھـ ل‬to
s.o. for) III to hurry in order to catch up (‫ھـ‬
‫ ه‬, with s.o., with s.th.), rush, hurry (‫ ه‬,‫ھـ‬
after s.o., after s.th.); to catch up (‫ ه‬with
s.o.), overtake (‫ ه‬s.o.; esp. death), descend
swiftly (‫ ه‬,‫ ھـ‬upon); to anticipate, forestall
(‫ ب ه‬s.o. in or with) IV to hurry, rush,
urge, impel, drive (‫ ه‬s.o.) │ ‫اعجله الوقت عن‬
(waqtu) the time was too short for him
to ... V to hurry, hasten, speed, rush, be in
a hurry; to seek to get ahead in a hurry; to
hurry, rush, urge (‫ الى ه‬s.o. to); to
anticipate, forestall (‫ ه‬,‫ ھـ‬s.o., s.th.); to be
ahead (‫ ھـ‬of s.th.), precede (‫ ھـ‬e.g., events);
to receive at once, without delay (‫ ھـ‬a
sum), receive spot cash │ ‫تعجله الجواب‬
(jawāba) to demand a quick reply from
s.o. X to hurry, hasten, rush, speed, be in a
hurry; to wish to expedite (‫ ھـ‬s.th.); to 592
hurry, rush, urge, impel, drive (‫ ه‬s.o.),
expedite, speed up, accelerate (‫ ھـ‬s.th.)
‫‘ عجل‬ijl pl. ‫‘ عجول‬ujūl, ‫‘ عجلة‬ijala calf │
‫‘ عجل البحر‬i. al-baḥr sea calf, seal
‫‘ عجل‬ajal hurry, haste │ ‫ على عجل‬in a
hurry, hurriedly, speedily, quickly, fast,
rapidly
‫‘ عجل‬ajil quick, fast, swift, speedy,
rapid
‫‘ عجلة‬ajala hurry, haste; precipitance,
precipitation
‫‘ عجلة‬ajala pl. -āt wheel; bicycle │ O
‫( عجلة سيارة‬sayyāra) motorcycle; ‫عجلة القيادة‬
steering wheel; O ‫( عجلة نارية‬nārīya)
motorcycle
‫‘ عجيل‬ajīl pl. ‫‘ عجال‬ijāl quick, fast,
swift, speedy, rapid
‫‘ عجول‬ajūl pl. ‫‘ عجل‬ujul quick, fast,
swift, speedy, rapid; hasty, precipitate,
rash
‫‘ عجالة‬ujāla work quickly thrown
together, hastily prepared work, rush job;
O sketch (lit.); quickly compiled report
‫‘ عجالن‬ajlān2, f. ‫‘ عجلى‬ajlā, pl. ‫عجالى‬
‘ajālā, ‫‘ عجال‬ijāl quick, fast, swift, speedy,
hurried, rapid, hasty, cursory
‫ اعجل‬a‘jal2, f. ‫‘ عجلى‬ujlā, pl. ‫‘ عجل‬ujl
quicker, faster; hastier; more cursory
‫ تعجيل‬ta‘jīl speeding-up, expediting,
acceleration
‫ استعجال‬isti‘jāl hurry, haste;
precipitance, precipitation │ ‫على وجه‬
‫( االستعجال‬wajhi l-ist.) expeditiously,
speedily
‫ استعجالي‬isti‘jālī speedy, expeditious;
temporary, provisional
‫‘ عاجل‬ājil pertaining to this world,
worldly; temporal; immediate; ‫عاجال‬
‘ājilan soon, presently, before long; at
once, immediately, instantly │ ‫حكم عاجل‬
(ḥukm) summary judgment (jur.); ‫عاجال او‬
‫ آجال‬sooner or later; ‫ في العاجل واآلجل‬now
and in the future; ‫ في عاجله او آجله‬sooner or
later; ‫ في القريب العاجل‬in the immediate
future
‫‘ عاجلة‬ājila fast train, express train;
‫ العاجلة‬life in this world, temporal existence
‫ معجل‬mu‘ajjal urgent, pressing;
premature │ ‫ معجل الرسم‬m. ar-rasm
prepaid, postpaid (mail item); ‫حكم بالنفاذ‬
‫( المعجل‬ḥukm, nafād) summary judgment,
sentence by summary proceedings (jur.)
‫ دفع معجل‬dafa‘a mu‘ajjalan to pay in
advance
‫ متعجل‬muta‘ajjil hasty, rash, precipitate
‫ مستعجل‬musta‘jil hurried, in a hurry
‫ مستعجل‬musta‘jal expeditious, speedy;
urgent, pressing; precipitate, premature │
‫ قاضي األمور المستعجلة‬magistrate of summary
justice
‫‘ عجم‬ajama u (‘ajm) to try, test, put to the test (
‫ ه‬s.o.) │ ‫‘( عجم عوده‬ūdahū) to try, test s.o.,
put s.o. to the test IV to provide (‫ ھـ‬a
letter) with a diacritical point (with
diacritical points) VII to be obscure,
incomprehensible, unintelligible (‫ على‬to
s.o.; language) X to become un-Arabic
‫‘ عجم‬ajam (coll.) barbarians, non-
Arabs; Persians; ‫ العجم‬or ‫ بالد العجم‬Persia
‫‘ عجم‬ajam (coll.; n. un. ‫ )ة‬stone, kernel,
pit, pip, seed (of fruit)
‫‘ عجمي‬ajamī pl. ‫ اعجام‬a‘jām barbarian,
non-Arab; Persian (adj. and n.)
‫‘ عجمة‬ajma barbarism, incorrectness (in
speaking Arabic)
‫‘ عجماء‬ajmā’2 pl. ‫‘ عجموات‬ajmawāt
(dumb) beast
‫ اعجم‬a‘jam2, f. ‫‘ عجماء‬ajmā’2, pl. ‫اعاجم‬
a‘ājim2 speaking incorrect Arabic; dumb,
speechless; barbarian, non-Arab,
foreigner, alien; a Persian 593
 ‫ اعجمي‬a‘jamī non-Arabic; non-Arab,
foreigner, alien; a Persian
‫ معجم‬mu‘jam incomprehensible,
unintelligible, obscure (language, speech);
dotted, provided with a diacritical point
(letter); (pl. ‫ معاجم‬ma‘ājim2) dictionary,
lexicon │ ‫ حروف المعجم‬the letters of the
alphabet
‫‘ عجن‬ajana i u (‘ajn) to knead (‫ ھـ‬s.th.); to
soak (‫ ھـ‬s.th.) │ ‫( لت وعجن في مسألة‬latta,
mas’ala) to bring up a problem time and
again, harp on a question
‫‘ عجان‬ijān perineum (anat.)
‫‘ عجان‬ajjān, f. ‫ ة‬dough kneader
‫‘ عجين‬ajīn dough, batter, paste; pastes
(such as noodles, vermicelli, spaghetti,
etc.)
‫‘ عجينة‬ajīna a piece of dough; dough;
soft mass, soggy mixture; pl. ‫‘ عجائن‬ajā’in2
plastics
‫‘ عجيني‬ajīnī doughy, doughlike, pasty,
paste-like
‫ معجن‬mi‘jan pl. ‫ معاجن‬ma‘ājin2 kneading
trough; kneading machine
‫ معجون‬ma‘jūn pl. ‫ معاجين‬ma‘ājīn2 paste,
cream (cosmet.); putty; electuary; majoon
(confection made of hemp leaves,
henbane, datura seeds, poppy seeds, honey
and ghee, producing effects similar to
those of hashish and opium) │ ‫معجون‬
‫ األسنان‬tooth paste
‫ معجنات‬mu‘ajjanāt (pot) pies, pasties
‫‘ عجوة‬ajwa pressed dates │ ‫ اقراص عجوة‬a pastry
made of rich dough with almonds and date
paste (syr.)
‫‘ عد‬adda u (‘add) to count, number,
reckon (‫ ھـ‬s.th., ‫ من‬.s.o. among); to
enumerate (‫ ھـ‬s.th.); to compute, calculate
(‫ ھـ‬s.th.); to regard (‫ ه‬,‫ ھـ ھـ‬s.o., s.th. as),
look (‫ ه‬,‫ ھـ ھـ‬at s.o., at s.th. as), consider,
think, deem (‫ ه‬,‫ ھـ ھـ‬s.o., s.th. to be s.th.);
pass. ‘udda to be considered, go (‫ ھـ‬as
s.th.), pass (‫ ھـ‬for s.th.); to amount (‫ ب‬to)
│ ‫( عد األنفاس عليه‬to count s.o.’s breathing
=) to watch closely over s.o., keep a sharp
eye on s.o., watch s.o.’s every move; ‫عد ھـ‬
‫ على‬to put down, or charge, s.th. to s.o.’s
disadvantage; ‫( ال يعد‬yu‘addu) numberless,
countless, innumerable II to count off,
enumerate (‫ ھـ‬s.th.); to make numerous,
multiply, compound (‫ ھـ‬s.th.) │ ‫عدد الميت‬
(mayyita) to enumerate the merits of a
dead person, eulogize s.o. IV to prepare (‫ل‬
‫ ه‬،‫ ھـ‬s.o., s.th. for); to ready, make ready,
get ready (‫ ه‬،‫ ل ھـ‬s.o., s.th. for); to prepare,
finish, fit, fix up, adapt, adjust, dress,
arrange, dispose, set up, make (‫ل ه‬
s.th. for), draw up, draft, work out (‫ھـ‬
e.g.. a report); to prepare (‫ ھـ‬one’s lesson)
│ ‫‘( اعد عدته ل‬uddatahū) to make one’s
preparations for, prepare o.s. for V to be
or become numerous, be manifold, be
multifarious, be multiple; to multiply,
increase in number, proliferate, be
compounded VIII to regard (‫ ه‬،‫ ھـ ھـ‬s.o.,
s.th. as), look (‫ ه‬،‫ ھـ ھـ‬at s.o., at s.th. as),
consider, think, deem (‫ ه‬،‫ ھـ ھـ‬s.o., s.th. to
be s.th.); to reckon (‫ ب‬with), rely (‫ب‬
upon); to put down (‫ ب‬،‫ ھـ‬s.th., ‫ ل‬to s.o.’s
credit, ‫ على‬to s.o.’s disadvantage); to hold
(‫ ب على‬against s.o. s.th.), take exception (
‫ ب على‬to s.o. because of s.th.); to provide
o.s., equip o.s. (‫ ب‬with); (of a woman) to
observe the iddat, or legally prescribed
period of waiting, before contracting a
new marriage X to get ready, ready o.s.; to
stand prepared, keep in readiness, stand
by; to prepare o.s.; to be ready, willing,
prepared (‫ ل‬for, to do s.th.)
‫‘ عد‬add counting, count; enumeration,
listing; computation, calculation
‫‘ عدة‬udda readiness, preparedness; --
(pl. ‫‘ عدد‬udad) equipment, outfit;
implement, instrument, tool; gadget,
device, appliance, contrivance; rigging,
594 tackle, sails; harness (of a horse) │ ‫أخذ‬
‫( )اعد( عدته ل‬a‘adda) to make one’s
preparations for, prepare o.s. for; s.th. ‫أخذ‬
‫ عدة الشيء‬to make preparations for s.th.; ‫عدة‬
‫ الساعة‬clockwork, watchwork
‫‘ عدة‬idda number; (attributively:)
several, numerous, many, e.g., ‫رجال عدة‬
(‘iddatun) many men, ‫‘ عدة مرات‬iddata
marrātin several times; iddat, legally
prescribed period of waiting during which
a woman may not remarry after being
widowed or divorced (Isl. Law)
‫‘ عدد‬adad pl. ‫ اعداد‬a‘dād number,
numeral; figure, digit, cipher; quantity;
number, issue (of a newspaper) │ ‫عدد خاص‬
(kāṣṣ) special number, special issue (e.g.,
of a periodical)
‫‘ عددي‬adadī numerical, numeral,
relative to a number or numbers
‫‘ عديد‬adīd (with foll. genit.) counted
among or with; numerous; number; large
quantity; equal) │ ‫‘( عدد عديد‬adad)
enormous quantity, great multitude; ‫ھذا‬
‫ عديد ذاك‬this equals that
‫’عداد‬adād pl. -āt counter, meter (for
electricity, gas, etc.)
‫ معداد‬mi‘dād pl. ‫ معاديد‬ma’ādīd2 abacus
‫ تعداد‬ta‘dād counting, count;
enumeration, listing; computation,
calculation │ ‫ تعداد األنفس‬t. al-anfus census
‫‘ عداد‬idād number, quantity │ ‫ال عداد له‬
(‘idāda) innumerable, countless; ‫في عداد‬
among, e.g., ‫ ھو في عدادھم‬he is counted
among them, he is one of them
‫ اعداد‬i‘dād preparation, readying,
arranging, setting up, making, drawing up,
drafting
‫ اعدادي‬i‘dadī preparatory │ ‫شھادة اعدادية‬
(šahāda) certificate granted after
completing four years of secondary school
(eg.)
‫ تعدد‬ta‘addud variety, diversity,
multiplicity, plurality, great number,
multitude │ ‫ تعدد اآللھة‬polytheism; ‫تعدد‬
‫ الزوجات‬t. az-zajāt polygamy
‫ اعتداد‬i‘tidād confidence, reliance, trust (
‫ ب‬in) │ ‫( االعتداد بنفسه‬bi-nafsihī) self-
confidence, self-reliance
‫ استعداد‬isti‘dād readiness, willingness,
preparedness; (pl. -āt) inclination,
tendency, disposition, propensity;
predisposition (‫ ل‬for a disease),
susceptibility (‫ ل‬to a disease); pl.
conveniences, amenities, comfort │ ‫كان‬
‫ على استعداد ل‬to be prepared, be set for ...; to
be ready, willing, inclined, in a position to
...
‫ استعدادي‬isti‘dādī preparatory
‫ معدود‬ma‘dūd countable, numerable,
calculable; limited in number, little, few, a
few, some
‫ معددة‬mu‘addida (hired) female mourner
‫ معد‬mu‘add destined, intended (‫ ل‬for);
ready, prepared (‫ ل‬for‫ و‬to do s.th.), willing
(‫ ل‬to do s.th.)
‫ معدات‬mu‘addāt equipment, material,
materiel, gear; appliances, devices,
implements, gadgets) ‫)معدات حربية )عسكرية‬
(ḥarbīya, ‘askarīya) war material; ‫معدات‬
‫ الحريق‬m. al-ḥarīq fire-fighting equipment
‫ متعدد‬muta‘addid manifold, multiple,
plural, numerous, varied, variegated,
various, diverse, different; multi-, many-,
poly- (in compounds) ‫ متعدد الخاليا‬m. al-
kalāya multicellular (biol.); ‫ متعدد النواحي‬m.
an-nawāḥī multifarious, variegated,
varied, manifold
‫ مستعد‬musta‘idd prepared, ready (‫ ل‬for);
inclined, in a position (‫ ل‬to, to do s.th.);
predisposed (‫ ل‬for), susceptible (‫ ل‬to, esp.
to a disease)
‫‘ عدس‬adas (coil.; n. un. ‫ )ة‬lentil(s)
‫‘ عدسة‬adasa pl. -āt lens; magnifying
glass; object lens, objective
‫‘ عدسي‬adasī lenticular 595
‫‘ عدل‬adala i (‘adl, ‫‘ عدالة‬adāla) to act justly,
equitably, with fairness │ ‫ عدل بينھم‬to treat
everyone with indiscriminate justice, not
to discriminate between them; -- ‘adala i
to be equal (‫ ه‬,‫ ھـ‬to s.o., to s.th.), be
equivalent (‫ ھـ‬to s.th.), be on a par (‫ ه‬,‫ھـ‬
with), be the equal (‫ ه‬of s.o.), equal, match
(‫ ه‬,‫ ھـ‬s.o., s.th.), counterbalance, outweigh
(‫ ھـ‬s.th.); to make equal, equalize, level (‫ب‬
‫ ه‬s.o. with another), place (‫ ه‬s.o.) on the
same level or footing (‫ ب‬with another); --
‘adala i (‫‘ عدول‬udūl) to deviate, swerve,
deflect, turn away (‫ الى عن‬from -- toward);
to digress, depart, refrain, desist, abstain,
avert o.s., turn away (‫ عن‬from), leave off,
relinquish. abandon, renounce, disclaim,
give up, forego, waive, drop (‫ عن‬s.th.) │
‫ عدل به عن‬to make s.o. desist, abstain or
turn away from; ‫( عدل ببصره الى‬bi-baṣarihī)
to let one’s eyes stray to or toward; --
‘adula u (‫‘ عدالة‬adāla) to be just, fair,
equitable II to straighten, make or put
straight, set in order, array (‫ ھـ‬s.th.); to
balance, right, rectify, put in order,
straighten out, fix, settle, adjust (‫ ھـ‬s.th.);
to make (‫ ھـ‬s.th.) just; to adapt (‫ ھـ‬s.th.); to
change, alter, commute, amend, modify,
improve (‫ ھـ‬s.th.); to modulate (‫ ھـ‬current,
waves; el.) III to be equal (‫ ه‬,‫ ھـ‬to s.o., to
s.th.), be equivalent (‫ ھـ‬to s.th.), be on a
par (‫ ه‬,‫ ھـ‬with), be the equal (‫ ه‬of s.o.),
equal, match (‫ ه‬,‫ ھـ‬s.o., s.th.),
counterbalance, outweigh (‫ ھـ‬s.th.); to
equate, treat as equal (‫ وبين‬-- ‫ بين‬two
persons or things) IV to straighten, make
or put straight (‫ ھـ‬s.th.) V to he changed,
be altered, be commuted, be modified,
undergo modification, change or alteration
VI to be in a state of equilibrium, be
balanced; to be equal, be on a par; to
offset one another, strike a balance VIII to
straighten (up), tense; to draw o.s. up, sit
straight, sit up; to be straight, even,
balanced; to be moderate, be temperate
‫‘ عدل‬adl straightness,
straightforwardness; justice, impartiality;
fairness, equitableness, probity, honesty,
uprightness; equitable composition, just
compromise; -- (pl. ‫‘ عدول‬udūl) just,
equitable, fair, upright, honest; person of
good reputation, person with an honorable
record (Isl. Law); juristic adjunct assigned
to a cadi (Magr.); ‫‘ عدال‬adlan equitably,
fairly, justly │ ‫ وزير العدل‬minister of
justice
‫‘ عدلي‬adlī forensic, legal, judicial,
juridical, juristic
‫‘ عدل‬idl equal, tantamount,
corresponding; -- (pl. ‫ اعدال‬a‘dāl, ‫عدول‬
‘udūl) either of the two balanced halves of
a load carried by a beast of burden; sack,
bag
‫‘ عديل‬adīl equal, like, tantamount,
corresponding; (with foll. genit.) equal (to
s.o.), on a par (with s.o.); (eg.; pl. ‫عدائل‬
‘adā’il) brother-in-law (husband of one’s
sister)
‫‘ عدول‬udūl refraining, abstention,
desistance (‫ عن‬from), forgoing,
renunciation, resignation, abandonment,
relinquishment (‫ عن‬of s.th.)
‫‘ عدالة‬adāla justice, fairness,
impartiality; probity, integrity, honesty,
equitableness; decency, proper conduct;
honorable record (Isl. Law)
‫‘ عدلية‬adlīya justice, administration of
justice, jurisprudence │ ‫وزير العدلية‬
minister of justice
‫ اعدل‬a‘dal2 more regular, more uniform;
more balanced; juster, fairer, more
equitable; more upright, more honest,
more righteous
‫ تعديل‬ta‘dīl straightening, straightening
out, settling, setting right; -- (pl. -āt)
change, alteration, commutation, 596
amendment, modification; settlement,
adjustment, regulation; improvement;
reshuffle (of the cabinet); modulation (el.)
│ ‫( تعديل وزاري‬wizārī) cabinet reshuffle
‫ معادلة‬mu‘ādala assimilation,
approximation, adjustment, equalization,
leveling, balancing, equilibration; balance,
equilibrium; equality; equivalence;
evenness, proportion, proportionateness,
proportionality; equation (math.)
‫ تعادل‬ta‘ādul balance, equilibrium;
equality; equivalence; evenness,
proportion, proportionateness,
proportionality; draw, tie (in sports) │
‫ تعادل األصوات‬tie vote, equal number of
votes
‫ اعتدال‬i‘tidāl straightness, erectness,
tenseness; evenness, symmetry,
proportion (e.g., of stature, of growth);
moderateness, moderation, temperance,
temperateness; equinox │ ‫ سمت االعتدال‬simt
al-i. equinoctial colure (astron.)
‫ اعتدالي‬i‘tidālī equinoctial
‫‘ عادل‬ādil just, fair, equitable; upright,
honest, straightforward, righteous
‫ معدل‬mu‘addal average; average
amount or sum │ ‫ معدل السرعة‬m. as-sur‘a
average speed; ‫ بمعدل‬as an average, on the
average
‫ معادل‬mu‘ādil equal, of equal status,
having equal rights
‫ متعادل‬muta‘āadil balanced, neutral
‫ معتدل‬mu‘tadil straight, even,
proportionate, symmetrical, harmonious;
moderate, temperate; mild, clement
(weather) │ ‫( المنطقة المعتدلة‬minṭaqa) the
Temperate Zone
‫‘ عدم‬adima a (‘udm, ‘adam) to be deprived, be
devoid, be in want, be deficient (‫ ھـ‬of
s.th.); to lack, not to have (‫ ھـ‬s.th:); to lose,
miss (‫ ه‬،‫ ھـ‬s.o., s.th.); -- pass. ‘udima to be
lacking, be missing, be absent, be
nonexistent; to be loot, be gone, have
disappeared; to disappear, vanish IV to
cause (‫ ه‬s.o.) to miss or lack (‫ ھـ‬s.th.); to
deprive (‫ ھـ ه‬s.o. of s.th.); to destroy,
annihilate, wipe out (‫ ه‬،‫ ھـ‬s.o., s.th.); to
execute (‫ ه‬s.o.); to be or become poor, be
reduced to poverty, become impoverished
VII = pass. I
‫‘ عدم‬adam non-being, nonexistence;
nothing, nothingness, nihility; lack, want,
absence; loss, privation; (with foll. genit.)
non-, un-, in-, dis-; (pl. ‫ اعدام‬a‘dām)
nonentity, nullity, banality, trifle │ ‫عدم‬
‫ االھتمام‬inattention, indifference; ‫عدم‬
‫ االختصاص‬noncompetency; ‫ عدم الوجود‬non-
being, nonexistence
‫‘ عدمي‬adamī nihilist
‫‘ عدمية‬adamīya non-being,
nonexistence; nihilism
‫‘ عديم‬adīm not having, lacking,
wanting; deprived (of); devoid (of),
without, -less, in-, un- (with foll. genit.) │
‫‘ عديم الحياة‬a. al-ḥayāh inanimate, lifeless;
‫ عديم النظير‬unequaled, incomparable,
unique
‫ اعدام‬i‘dām destruction, annihilation;
execution │ ‫( الحكم باإلعدام‬ḥukm) death
sentence
‫ اعدامية‬i‘dāmīya headcloth without ‘iqāl
(as a sign of mourning)
‫ انعدام‬in‘idām absence, lack,
nonexistence
‫‘ عادم‬ādim pl. ‫‘ عوادم‬awādim2
nonexistent, lost; unrestorable,
irreclaimable; waste- (in compounds); pl.
waste, refuse, scraps │ ‫ المياه العادمة‬sewage,
sullage, waste water; ‫ عوادم األقطان‬cotton
waste; ‫ انبوبة العوادم‬unbūbat al-‘a. exhaust
pipe (automobile)
‫ معدوم‬ma‘dūm nonexistent, wanting,
lacking, absent; missing; lost; gone,
vanished
‫ معدوم‬mu‘dim poor, destitute;
impoverished 597
‫‘ عدن‬adn Eden, Paradise; ‘adan2 Aden (city in
southern Arabia)
‫ معدن‬ma‘din pl. ‫ معادن‬ma‘ādin2 mine;
lode; metal; mineral; treasure-trove,
bonanza (fig.); (place of) origin, source │
‫‘ علم المعادن‬ilm al-m. mineralogy; ‫امتحن معدنه‬
to probe into s.o.’s very nature
‫ معدن‬ma‘dan (eg.; syr, ma‘din) very
good! bravo! well done!
‫ معدني‬ma‘dinī metallic, mineral; ‫المعدنيات‬
mineralogy │ ‫ ماء معدني‬mineral water
‫ تعدين‬ta‘dīn mining of metals and
minerals; mining, mining industry
‫ معدن‬mu‘addin miner
‫‘ عدنان‬adnān2 legendary ancestor of the North
Arabs
‫‘ )عدا )عدو‬adā u (‘adw) to run, speed, gallop,
dash, race; to pass (‫ ه‬،‫ ھـ‬or ‫ عن‬s.o., s.th.),
go past s.o. or s.th. (‫ ه‬،‫ ھـ‬or ‫ ;)عن‬to give up,
abandon, leave (‫ ه‬،‫ ھـ‬or ‫ عن‬s.o., s.th.); to
pass over, bypass, omit (‫ ه‬s. o.), not to
bother (‫ ب ه‬s.o. with), exempt, except (‫ب‬
‫ ب‬s.o. from); to cross, overstep, exceed,
transcend (‫ ھـ‬s.th.), go beyond s.th. (‫ ;)ھـ‬to
exceed the proper bounds; to infect (‫الى‬
s.o.); -- u (‫‘ عدو‬adw, ‘udūw, ‫‘ عداء‬adā’,
‫‘ عدوان‬udwān, ‘idwān) to engage in
aggressive, hostile action, commit an
aggression, a hostile act (‫ على‬against); to
act unjustly (‫ على‬toward), wrong (‫ على‬s.o.);
to assail, assault, attack, raid (‫ على‬s.o.,
s.th.); -- u (‫‘ عدو‬adw) to handicap, hamper,
impede, obstruct (‫ عن ه‬s.o. in); to prevent,
hinder (‫ عن ه‬s.o. from) │ ‫عدا طوره‬
(ṭaurahū) to transcend one’s bounds or
limits; ‫ ال يعدو ان يفعله‬not to rail to do s.th.;
to do s.th. inevitably; ‫ ال يعدو ان يكون‬... it is
no more than , it is only or merely ... II to
cause to cross, overstep, exceed or
transcend; to ferry (‫ ه‬s.o., over a river);
(gram.) to make transitive (‫ ھـ‬a verb); to
give up, abandon, leave (‫ ه‬،‫ ھـ‬or ‫ عن‬s.o.,
s.th.); to cross (‫ ھـ‬s.th., e.g., a river) III to
treat as an enemy (‫ ه‬s.o.), show enmity (‫ه‬
toward s.o.), be at war, feud (‫ ه‬with s.o.);
to fall out (‫ ه‬with s.o.), contract the enmity
(‫ ه‬of s.o.); to act hostility (‫ ه‬toward s.o.); to
counteract, disobey (‫ ه‬،‫ ھـ‬s.o., s.th.), act in
opposition (‫ ه‬،‫ ھـ‬to), contravene, infringe (
‫ ھـ‬s.th.) IV to infect (‫ ه‬s.o., ‫ من‬with a
disease) V to cross, overstep (‫ ھـ‬s.th.); to
traverse (‫ ھـ‬s.th.); to exceed, transcend,
surpass (‫ ھـ‬s.th.). go beyond s.th. (‫ ;)ھـ‬to
go beyond s.th. (‫ )ھـ‬and turn one’s
attention to s.th. else (‫)الى‬, not to be
limited to s.th. (‫ )ھـ‬but also to comprise (
‫ الى‬s.th. else), extend beyond s.th. (‫ )ھـ‬to
s.th. else (‫ ;)الى‬to overtake, pass, outstrip,
outdistance, leave behind (‫ ھـ‬s.th.); to
overcome, surmount (‫ ھـ‬s.th., e.g., a
crisis); to pass on, shift, spread (‫ الى‬to); to
transgress, infract, violate, break (‫ ھـ‬s.th.,
e.g., laws); to engage in brutal, hostile
action, commit aggression, a hostile act (
‫ على‬against); to act unjustly (‫ على‬toward
s.o.); to assail, assault, attack, raid (‫على‬
s.o., s.th.); to infringe, encroach, make
inroads (‫ على‬upon) │ ‫تعدى عليه بالضرب‬
(ḍarb) to come to blow, with s.o., lay
hands upon s.o. VI to harbor mutual
enmity, be hostile to one another, be
enemies VII to be infected (‫ ب‬with a
disease), catch an infection (‫ من‬by, from)
VIII to cross, overstep (‫ ھـ‬s.th.); to exceed,
transcend, surpass (‫ ھـ‬s.th.), go beyond
s.th. (‫ ;)ھـ‬to act outrageously, brutally,
unlawfully (‫ على‬against); to commit
excesses (‫ على‬against); to engage in
aggressive, brutal, hostile action (‫على‬
against), commit an aggression, a hostile
act (‫ على‬against); to act unjustly (‫على‬
toward); to violate (‫ على‬a woman); to
assail, assault, attack, raid (‫ على‬s.o., s.th.),
infringe, encroach, make inroads (‫على‬
upon), make an attempt on s.o.’s (‫ )على‬Iif.
X to appeal for assistance (٥٩٨ ‫ ه‬to s.o.
‫ على‬against); to stir up, rouse, incite (‫على ه‬
s.o. against)
‫‘ عدا‬adā, ‫ ما عدا‬or ‫ فيما عدا‬fī-mā ‘adā
(with foll. acc. or genit.) except, save,
with the exception of, excepting ...; ‫فيما عدا‬
‫ ذلك‬besides
‫‘ عدو‬adw running, run, race (also in
sports)
‫‘ عدوة‬udwa side, slope (of a volley),
bank, embankment (of a river), shore
‫‘ عدو‬aduw pl. ‫ اعداء‬a‘dā’, ‫‘ عدى‬idan,
‘udan, ‫‘ عداة‬udāh, ‫ اعاد‬a‘ādin, f. ‫عدوة‬
‘adūwa enemy │ ‫ الد‬،‫( )عدو لدود )لديد‬ladūd,
aladd) foe, archenemy
‫‘ عدوة‬adūwa fem. of ‫‘ عدو‬adūw
‫‘ عدى‬adīy acting hostilely, aggressive
‫‘ عداء‬adā’ enmity, hostility,
antagonism, animosity; aggression
‫‘ عدائي‬adā’ī hostile, inimical,
antagonistic, aggressive
‫‘ عداء‬adā’ runner, racer
‫ اعدى‬a‘dā: ‫ اعدى األعداء‬a. l-a‘dā’ the
worst of enemies
‫‘ عدوى‬adwd infection, contagion; --
‘udwā hostile action
‫‘ عداوة‬adāwa pl. -āt enmity, hostility,
antagonism, animosity
‫‘ عدواء‬udawā’2 hindrance, handicap,
impediment; inconvenience, nuisance,
discomfiture │ ‫ ذو عدواء‬rough, rugged,
uneven; adverse, discomfiting,
inconvenient; bad, poor (mount)
‫‘ عدوان‬udwān, ‘idwān enmity, hostility,
hostile action, aggression
‫‘ عدواني‬udwānī: ‫ سياسة عدوانية‬policy of
aggression
‫ معدى‬ma‘dan escape, way out,
avoidance │ ‫( ال معدى منه‬ma‘dā) inevitable,
unavoidable, inescapable
‫ معدية‬ma‘diya pl. ‫ معاد‬ma‘ādin ferry,
ferryboat
‫ تعدية‬ta‘diya ferrying, ferry service;
conversion into the transitive form (gram.)
‫ تعد‬ta‘addin crossing, overstepping,
exceeding, transcending; overtaking,
passing (e.g., of an automobile); -- (pl.
‫ تعديات‬ta‘addiyāt) infraction, violation,
breach (e.g., of laws), transgression,
encroachment, inroad (‫ على‬on),
infringement of the law; offense against
law, tort, delict (Isl. Law); attack, assault;
aggression
‫ اعتداء‬i‘tidā’ pl. -āt attack, assault, raid,
inroad (‫ على‬on), attempt (‫ على‬on s.o.’s
life), criminal attack (‫ على‬on); outrage (‫على‬
upon); aggression (‫ على‬against; esp. pol.)
‫ معاھدة )اتفاق( عدم االعتداء‬mu‘āhadat (ittifāq)
‘adam al-i‘t. pact of nonaggression
‫‘ عاد‬ādin pl. ‫‘ عواد‬awādin aggressive,
attacking, assailing, raiding; (pl. ‫عداة‬
‘udāh) enemy │ ‫ عواد الوحوش‬beasts of
prey, predatory animals
 ‫‘ عادية‬ādiya pl. -āt, ‫‘ عواد‬awādin wrong,
offense, misdeed, outrage; adversity,
misfortune, reverse; obstacle, impediment,
obstruction; pi. vicissitudes │ ‫عدت عليھم‬
‫‘( عواد‬adal) fate dealt them heavy blows,
they fell on evil days
‫ معاد‬mu‘ādin hostile, inimical,
antagonistic
‫ معد‬mu‘din contagious, infectious │
‫ امراض معدية‬contagious diseases
‫ متعد‬muta‘addin transitive (gram.);
aggressor, assailant
‫ معتد‬mu‘tadin pl. -ūn assailant, assassin;
aggressor (pol.)
‫‘ عذب‬aduba u (‫‘ عذوبة‬udūba) to be
sweet, pleasant, agreeable; -- ‘adaba i to
599 hinder, handicap, impede, obstruct (‫ه‬
s.o.) II to afflict, pain, torment, try,
agonize, torture, rack (‫ ه‬s.o.); to punish,
chastise, castigate (‫ ه‬s.o.) V to be
punished, suffer punishment; to feel pain,
suffer; to torment s.o., be in agony, be
harassed X to find (‫ ھـ‬s.th.) sweet,
pleasant, or agreeable; to think (‫ ھـ‬s.th.)
beautiful, nice
‫‘ عذب‬adb pl. ‫‘ عذاب‬idāb sweet; pleasant,
agreeable │ ‫ مياه عذب‬fresh water; ‫عذب‬
‫ الحديث‬entertaining, amusing,
companionable, personable
‫‘ عذاب‬adāb pl. -āt, ‫ اعذبة‬a‘diba pain,
torment, suffering, agony, torture;
punishment, chastisement, castigation
‫‘ عذوبة‬udūba sweetness
‫ اعذب‬a‘dab2 sweeter, more pleasant,
more agreeable
‫ تعذيب‬ta‘dīb affliction, tormenting,
agonizing, torture, torturing; punishment,
chastisement, castigation
‫‘ عذر‬adara i (‘udr, ‫ عذر‬ma‘dira) to
excuse, absolve from guilt (‫ ه‬s.o.), forgive
(‫ عن‬or ‫ في ه‬s.o. s.th.) │ ‫ لم يعذرني‬he
wouldn’t let me give any excuses, he
wouldn’t take no for an answer, he kept
insisting; -- ‘adara i (‘adr) to circumcise (
‫ ه‬s.o.) IV = I; to have an excuse │ ‫اعذر من‬
‫( انذر‬man a‘dara) he who warns is excused
V to be difficult, impossible,
impracticable, unfeasible (‫ على‬for) VIII to
excuse o.s. apologize (‫ من ل‬or ‫ الى‬to s.o.
for s.th.); to give or advance (‫ ب‬s.th.) as
an excuse (‫ عن‬or ‫ من‬for), plead s.th. (‫ )ب‬in
defense of (‫ عن‬or ‫ )من‬X to wish to be
excused; to make an apology, excuse o.s.,
apologize
‫‘ عذر‬udr pl. ‫ اعذار‬a‘dār excuse │ ‫ابو عذر‬
abū ‘u. (with foll. genit.) responsible for,
answerable for; ‫ھو ابو عذر ھذا التطور‬
(taṭawwur) he is the originator of this
development
‫‘ عذرة‬udra virginity, virginhood; name
of an Arab tribe │ ‫ ابو عذرة = ابو عذر‬see
above
‫‘ عذري‬udrī belonging to the tribe of
‘udra (see above)
‫( الھوى العذري‬hawā) platonic love
‫‘ عذار‬idār pl. ‫‘ عذر‬udur cheek; fluff,
first growth of heard (on the cheeks);
cheekpiece (of a horse’s harness) │ ‫خلع‬
‫ عذاره‬to throw off all restraint, drop all
pretenses of shame; ‫ خالع العذار‬unrestrained,
wanton, uninhibited
‫‘ عذراء‬adrā’2 pl. ‫‘ عذارى‬adārā virgin;
‫ العذراء‬Virgo (astron.); the Virgin Mary
(Chr.) │ ‫( فتاة عذراء‬fatāh) maiden, virgin
‫ معذرة‬ma‘dira pl. ‫ معاذر‬ma‘ādir2 excuse,
forgiveness, pardon
‫ معذار‬mi‘dār pl. ‫ معاذير‬ma’ādīr2 excuse,
plea
‫ تعذر‬ta‘addur difficulty, impossibility,
impracticability, unfeasibility
‫ اعتذار‬i‘tidār apology, excuse, plea
‫ معذور‬ma‘dūr excused, justified,
warranted; excusable
‫ متعذر‬muta‘addir difficult, impossible,
impracticable, unfeasible
‫‘ عذق‬idq pl. ‫ اعذاق‬a‘dāq bunch, cluster (of
dates, of grapes)
‫‘ عذل‬adala u (‘adl) to blame, censure, reprove,
rebuke, reproach (‫ ه‬s.o.) II = I
‫‘ عذل‬adl blame, censure, reproof,
reproach
‫‘ عذول‬adūl stem censurer, rebuker,
severe critic
‫‘ عاذل‬ādil pl. ‫‘ عذال‬uddāl, f. ‫‘ عاذلة‬ādila
pl. ‫‘ عواذل‬awādil2 censurer, reprover, critic
(‫ عذو‬and ‫‘ عذى( عذا‬adā u and ‫‘ عذى‬adiya a to
be healthy (country, city; due to its
climate, air, etc.) 600
‫‘ عر‬arra u to be a shame, be a disgrace (‫ ه‬،‫ھـ‬
for s.o., for s.th.); to bring shame or
disgrace (‫ ه‬،‫ ھـ‬upon s.o., upon s.th.),
disgrace, dishonor (‫ ه‬،‫ ھـ‬s.o., s.th.)
‫‘ عرة‬urra scabies, mange; dung; a
disgraceful, shameful thing
‫‘ عرر‬arar scabies, mange
‫ معرة‬ma‘arra shame, disgrace,
ignominy; stain, blemish, stigma
‫ معتر‬mu‘tarr miserable, wretched;
scoundrel, rogue
‫ عرب‬II to Arabicize, make Arabic (‫ ه‬،‫ ھـ‬s.o.,
s.th.): to translate into Arabic (‫ ھـ‬s.th.); to
express, voice, state clearly, declare (‫عن‬
s.th.); to give earnest money, give a
handsel, make a down payment IV to
Arabicize, make Arabic (‫ ه‬،‫ ھـ‬s.o., s.th.),
give an Arabic form (‫ ھـ‬to s.th.); to make
plain or clear, state clearly, declare (‫ عن‬or
‫ ھـ‬s.th.), express (unmistakably), utter,
voice, proclaim, make known, manifest,
give to understand (‫ عن‬s.th., esp. a
sentiment), give expression (‫ عن‬to s.th.,
esp. to a sentiment); (gram.) to use
desinential inflection, pronounce the
i‘rāb V to assimilate o.s. to the Arab,
become an Arab, adopt the custom, of the
Arabs X = V
‫‘ عربد‬arbada to be quarrelsome, be
‫‘ عرب‬arab (coll.) pl. ‫‘ عروب‬urūb, ‫اعرب‬
a‘rub, ‫‘ عربان‬urbān, ‫ اعراب‬a‘rāb Arabs;
true Arabs, Arabs of the desert, Bedouins
‫‘ عربي‬arabī Arab, Arabic, Arabian;
truly Arabic; an Arab; ‫ العربية‬the ‘Arabīya,
the language of the ancient Arabs;
classical, or literary, Arabic
‫‘ عربة‬araba a swift river; (pl. -āt)
carriage, vehicle, wagon, cart; (railroad)
car, coach; araba, coach │ ‫‘ عربة األجرة‬a.
al-ujra cab, hack, hackney; ‫‘ عربة األكل‬a.
al-akl dining car, diner; ‫‘ عربة رش‬a. rašš
water wagon, sprinkling wagon; ‫عربة ركوب‬
cab, hack, hackney; ‫‘ عربة الشحن‬a. aš-šaḥn
wagon, lorry; freight car; ‫عربة مطعم‬
(maṭ‘am) dining car, diner; ‫عربة األطفال‬
baby carriage; ‫‘ عربة النقل‬a. an-naql wagon,
lorry, van; freight car; ‫‘ عربة النوم‬a. an-
naum sleeping car, sleeper; ‫‘ عربة يد‬a. yad
handcart, pushcart; wheelbarrow
‫‘ عربية‬arabīya pl. -āt carriage, vehicle;
araba, coach; see ‫عربي‬
‫‘ عربجي‬arbajī pl. -īya coachman,
cabman
‫‘ عربخانة‬arbakāna car shed, coach
house
‫‘ عراب‬arrāb godfather, sponsor
‫ عرابة‬arrāba godmother, sponsor
‫ اعرابي‬a‘rābī pl. ‫ اعراب‬a‘rāb an Arab of
the desert, a Bedouin
‫‘ عروبة‬urūba Arabism, Arabdom, the
Arab idea, the Arab character
‫ تعريب‬ta‘rīb Arabicizing, Arabization;
translation into Arabic; incorporation (of
loanwords) into Arabic
‫ اعراب‬i‘rāb manifestation, declaration,
proclamation, pronouncement, utterance;
expression (‫ عن‬of a sentiment); desinential
inflection (gram.)
‫ معرب‬mu‘arrib translator into Arabic
‫ معرب‬mu‘arrab Arabicized; translated
into Arabic
‫ معرب‬mu‘rab desinentially inflective
(gram.)
‫ مستعرب‬musta‘rib Arabist
contentious, pick quarrels; to be noisy,
boisterous, riotous, raise a din
‫‘ عربد‬arbada quarrelsomeness,
contentiousness; noise, din, uproar, riot
‫‘ عربيد‬irbīd quarrelsome, contentious;
noisy, boisterous, riotous
‫ معربد‬mu‘arbid quarrelsome,
contentious; noisy, boisterous, riotous
‫‘ عربس‬arbasa to upset, disturb, confuse (‫ ه‬s.o.)
601
‫‘ عربن‬arbana to give earnest money, give a
handsel, make a down payment (‫ ه‬to s.o.)
‫‘ عربون‬urbūn, ‘arabūn pl. ‫عرابين‬
‘arābīn2 handsel, earnest money, down
payment; pledge, pawn, gage
‫‘ عرج‬araja u (‫‘ عروج‬urūj) to ascend, mount,
rise; -- ‘arija a (‘araj) to be lame, walk
lamely, limp, hobble II to turn (‫ على‬to,
toward); to stop, halt, stop over (‫ على‬in,
at); to turn (‫ عن‬off s.th.), swerve (‫عن‬
from); to lame, cripple, paralyze (‫ ه‬s.o.); to
zigzag, make zigzag (‫ ھـ‬s.th.) IV to lame,
cripple, paralyze (‫ ه‬s.o.) V to zigzag,
follow a zigzag course VII to incline, lean,
bend, curve; to be or become crooked,
curved, bent, sinuous, winding
‫‘ عرج‬araj lameness
2 2
‫ اعرج‬a‘raj , f. ‫‘ عرجاء‬arjā’ , pl. ‫عرج‬
‘urj, ‫‘ عرجان‬urjān lame, limping; -- jack
(in a deck of cards)
‫ معرج‬ma‘raj pl. ‫ معارج‬ma‘ārij2 place of
ascent; (route of) ascent
‫ معرج‬mi‘raj pl. ‫ معارج‬ma‘ārij2 ladder,
stairs
‫ معراج‬mi‘rāj; pl. ‫ معاريج‬ma‘ārīj2 ladder,
stairs; ‫ المعراج‬the midnight journey to the
seven heavens (made by Mohammed on
the 27th of Rajab, from Jerusalem) │ ‫ليلة‬
‫ المعراج‬lailat al-m. the night of
Mohammed’s ascension to the seven
heavens
‫‘ عرص‬araṣa a (‘araṣ) to be lively, gay, merry
‫ تعاريج‬ta‘ārīj2 (pl.) curves, curvatures,
bends, turns, twists, windings, sinuosities;
wavy lines, serpentines
‫ تعرج‬ta‘arruj zigzag (course)
‫ متعرج‬muta‘arrij winding, twisting,
tortuous, sinuous; zigzag
‫ منعرج‬mun‘arij crooked, curved, bent,
winding, twisting, tortuous, sinuous
‫ منعرج‬mun‘araj pl. -āt bend, turn,
curve, twist, angle (of roads, etc.)
‫‘ عرزال‬irzāl hut or shack of the rural warden
(usually in a tree or on top of a roof)
‫ عرس‬II (nejd.) to marry (‫ ب ه‬s.o. to) IV to
arrange a wedding feast
‫‘ عرس‬urs, ‘urus pl. ‫ اعراس‬a‘rās, ‫عرسات‬
‘urusāt marriage; wedding, wedding feast
‫‘ عرس‬irs pl. ‫ اعراس‬a‘rās husband; wife
│ ‫ ابن عرس‬ibn ‘irs pl. ‫ بنات عرس‬banāt ‘irs
weasel (zool.)
‫‘ عرسة‬irsa weasel
‫‘ عروس‬arūs pl. ‫‘ عرس‬urus bridegroom;
f. (pl. ‫‘ عرائس‬arā’is) bride; doll; ‫العروسان‬
al-‘arūsān bride and groom, the
newlyweds │ ‫‘ عرائس النيل‬a. an-nīl lotus
‫‘ عروسة‬arūsa pl. ‫‘ عرائس‬arā’is2 bride;
doll, baby doll │ ‫‘ عروسة البرقع‬a. al-burqu‘
metal tubes ornamenting the veil of
Muslim women
‫‘ عريس‬arīs bridegroom
‫‘ عريس‬irrīs lair of a lion, lion’s den
‫‘ عرش‬araša i u to erect a trellis (‫ ھـ‬for
grapevines), train on a trellis or espalier,
to trellis, to espalier (‫ ھـ‬vines) II to roof
over (‫ ھـ‬s.th.)
‫‘ عرش‬arš pl. ‫‘ عروش‬urūš, ‫ اعراش‬a‘rāš
throne; tribe (magr.)
‫‘ عريش‬arīš pl. ‫‘ عرش‬uruš, ‫عرائش‬
‘arā’iš2 arbor, bower; hut made of twigs;
booth, shack, shanty; trellis (for
grapevines); shaft, carriage pole
‫ العريش‬El Arish (town in N Egypt, on
Mediterranean)
‫ تعريشة‬ta‘rīša pl. ‫ تعاريش‬ta‘ārīš2 trellis,
lattice-work; arbor, bower
‫‘ عرص‬arṣa pl. ‘araṣāt, ‫ اعراص‬a‘rāṣ
vacant lot; courtyard, court of a house
‫ معرص‬mu‘arraṣ pimp, procurer;
cuckold 602
1
‫‘ عرض‬aruḍa u to be or become wide, broad,
to widen, broaden; -- ‘araḍa i (‘arḍ) to
become visible, appear (‫ ل‬to s.o.); to get in
s.o.’s (‫ )ل‬way; to happen (‫ ل‬to s.o.), befall
(‫ ل‬s.o.); to occur (‫ ل‬to s.o.), come to s.o.’s
(‫ )ل‬mind; to turn (‫ ل‬to s.o., to s.th.); to
take care (‫ ل‬of), concern o.s. (‫ ل‬with), turn
one’s attention, put one’s mind, apply o.s.,
attend (‫ ل‬to), go in (‫ ل‬for), go into s.th. (
‫)ل‬, enter, embark (‫ ل‬upon), take up, treat (
‫ ل‬s.th.), deal (‫ ل‬with); to show,
demonstrate, present, set forth, display,
exhibit, lay open, submit, turn in (‫على ھـ‬
s.th. to s.o.), lay, put (‫ على ھـ‬s.th. before
s.o.); to show (‫ ھـ‬e.g., a film), stage (‫ھـ‬
e.g., a play); to offer, suggest, propose (
‫ على ھـ‬s.th. to s.o.); to subject (‫ على ھـ‬s.th.
to a critical examination, and the like); to
inspect (‫ ھـ‬s.th.); to review (‫ ھـ‬troops),
pass in review (‫ ھـ‬s.th., also before one’s
mental eye); pass. ‘uriḍa to be or go mad,
insane │ ‫ عرض له عارض‬an obstacle arose
in his path; ‫ عرض له خاطر‬a thought
occurred to him, he had an idea II to make
wide or broad, widen, broaden, extend (‫ھـ‬
s.th.); to expose (‫ ه‬،‫ ل ھـ‬s.o., s.th. to s.th.,
esp. to risk: ‫ ل ھـ‬s.th. to the sun); to
intimate, insinuate (‫ ل‬or ‫ ب‬s.th.), allude (‫ل‬
or ‫ ب‬to), hint (‫ ل‬or ‫ ب‬at) │ ‫ عرضه للنور‬to
hold s.th. against the light III to offer
resistance (‫ ه‬،‫ ھـ‬to s.o., to s.th.), resist (‫ھـ‬,
s.o., s.th.), work against s.o. or s.th. (‫ ه‬،‫;)ھـ‬
to contradict, oppose (‫ ه‬،‫ ھـ‬s.o., s.th.), raise
objections, protest, remonstrate (‫ ه‬،‫ھـ‬
against s.o., against s.th.); to be against
s.o. or s.th. (‫ھـ‬, .); to avoid, shun (‫ ه‬،‫ ھـ‬s.o.,
s.th.); to compare (‫ ب ھـ‬s.th. with) IV to
turn away, avert o.s. (‫ ب‬from), avoid, shun
(‫ عن‬s.o., s.th.), shirk (‫ عن‬s.th.), give up,
abandon, relinquish, discard, renounce,
disclaim (‫ عن‬s.th.); not to mention (‫عن‬
s.th.): ‫ الى‬... ‫ اعرض عن‬to turn away from
s.th. and to s.th. else V to resist, oppose (‫ل‬
s.o., s.th.), stand up (‫ ل‬against), raise
objections, object (‫ ل‬to); to face (‫ ل‬s.th.,
e.g., a problem); to interfere (‫ ل‬with),
meddle (‫ ل‬in); to put one’s mind, turn
one’s attention (‫ ل‬to), go into s.th. (‫ل‬, e.g.,
a topic): to undertake (‫ ل‬s.th.), embark (‫ل‬
upon s.th.); to expose o.s., be exposed, be
subjected (‫ ل‬to s.th.); to run the risk (‫ ل‬of),
risk (‫ ل‬doing or being s.th.); to dare,
venture, risk (‫ ل‬s.th.) VI to oppose one
another; to be contradictory, conflict, be
incompatible (‫ مع‬with) VIII to betake o.s.,
go, present o.s. (‫ ه‬to s.o.); to raise an
objection, make objections, object (‫على‬
to). veto (‫ على‬s.th.), remonstrate, protest (
‫ على‬against); to resist, oppose (‫ على‬s.o.,
s.th.); to stand up (‫ ل‬or ‫ ه‬،‫ ھـ‬against s.o.,
against s.th.), stand in, or obstruct, the
way of s.o. or s.th. (‫ ل‬or ‫ ه‬،‫ ;)ھـ‬to hinder
impede, obstruct (‫ ل‬s.o.); to happen (‫ ه‬to
s.o.), befall (‫ ه‬s.o.) │ ‫ اعترض سبيله‬to block
s.o.’s way X to ask to be shown (‫ ه‬s.o., ‫ھـ‬
s.th.); to pass in review (‫ ھـ‬s.th., esp. in
one’s imagination, before one’s mental
eye), call up, conjure up, call to one’s
mind, picture to o.s., visualize (‫ ھـ‬s.th.); to
weigh, consider, examine (‫ھـ‬s.th.); to
inspect, review (‫ ھـ‬troops); to expound, set
forth (‫ ھـ‬s.th.); to proceed ruthlessly; to
massacre without much ado (‫ ھم‬the
enemy)
‫‘ عرض‬arḍ pl. ‫‘ عروض‬urūḍ breadth;
width; presentation, demonstration,
staging, show(ing), performance; display,
exposition, exhibition; submission, filing
(e.g., of an application); proposition,
proposal, offer, tender; parade; review
(mil.); merchandise, goods │ ‫بالعرض‬
across, crosswise, in breadth; ‫العرض والطلب‬
(ṭalab) supply and demand; ‫عرض األزياء‬
‘a. al-azyā’ fashion show; ‫‘ عرض حال‬a.
ḥāl or ‫ عرضحال‬pl. ‫‘ عرضحاالت‬arḍuḥālāt
application, petition, memorial; (‫خط )درجة‬
‫ العرض‬kaṭṭ (darajat) al-‘a. degree 603 of
latitude; ‫ شباك العرض‬šubbāk al-‘a. show
window; ‫ يوم العرض‬yaum al-‘a. the Day of
Judgment, Doomsday
‫‘ عرضي‬arḍī cross- (in compounds),
transverse, horizontal │ ‫( خط عرضي‬kaṭṭ)
latitudinal degree, geographical latitude
‫‘ عرض‬urḍ pl. ‫ اعراض‬a‘rāḍ honor, good
repute; dignity │ ‫ انا في عرضك‬I rely on
your generosity, have mercy upon me!
‫‘ عرض‬urḍ side; middle │ ‫في عرض البحر‬
(‘u. il-baḥr) at sea, on the high seas; ‫القى‬
‫ )ضرب( به عرض الحائط‬to undervalue, scorn,
disdain, despise, reject s.th.; to ruin,
thwart, foil s.th.; to throw s.th. overboard,
jettison s.th.; ‫‘( نظر اليه عن عرض‬an ‘urdin)
he looked askance at him, he gave him a
slanting glance (contemptuously); ‫في عرض‬
‫ الناس‬amid the crowd of people; ‫ھو من عرض‬
‫ الناس‬he belongs to the common people
‫‘ عرضاني‬arḍānī transversal, transverse,
latitudinal; measured crosswise
‫‘ عرض‬araḍ pl. ‫ اعراض‬a‘rāḍ accident
(philos.); contingent, nonessential
characteristic; s.th. nonessential, a
contingent, s.th. accidental: symptom,
manifestation of disease; ‫‘ عرضا‬araḍan,
‫ بالعرض‬incidentally, by chance
‫‘ عرضي‬araḍī accidental (philos.), non-
essential, unessential; incidental,
accidental, contingent, fortuitous, casual;
‫‘ عرضيات‬arādīyāt unessential incidents,
unessentials; accidentals │ ‫خطيئة عرضية‬
venial sin (Chr.)
‫‘ عرضة‬urḍa target; (object of)
intention, intent, design; object (‫ ل‬of):
exposed, subject(ed), liable (‫ ل‬to s.th.);
(with foll. genit.) suitable for, fitting for,
appropriate for
‫‘ عروض‬arūḍ prosody; (pl. ‫اعاريض‬
a‘ārīḍ2) last foot of the first hemistich │
‫‘ علم العروض‬ilm al-‘a. metrics, prosody
‫‘ عروضي‬arūḍī prosodic(al), metrical
‫‘ عريض‬arīḍ pl. ‫‘ عراض‬irāḍ broad,
wide; extensive, vast
‫‘ عريضة‬arīḍa pl. ‫‘ عرائض‬arā’iḍ2
petition, application, memorial
‫ معرض‬ma‘riḍ pl. ‫ معارض‬ma‘āriḍ2 place
where s.th. is exhibited or displayed;
showroom, stage; exposition, exhibition;
show; fair (com.); (with foll. genit.) time,
occasion for s.th. │ ‫( في معرض‬with foll.
genit.) in the form of ..., in ... manner; on
the occasion of, at the occurrence or
appearance of; ‫ لسنا اآلن في معرض‬... (lasnā)
with foll. verbal noun: this is not the place
for us to ...; ‫ لسنا في معرض الكالم عن‬let us not
speak of ... now, this is not the place to
speak of ...; ‫ معرض األزياء‬m. al-azyā’
fashion show; ‫ معرض الصحف‬m. aṣ-ṣuḥuf
press review
‫ معرض‬mi‘raḍ wedding gown
‫ معراض‬mi‘rāḍ: ‫( قال في معراض كالمه‬m.
kalāmihī) to mention casually, say among
other things
‫ تعريض‬ta‘rīḍ intimation, allusion, hint,
indication
‫ معارضة‬mu‘āraḍa opposition (esp.
pol.); resistance, contradiction,
remonstrance, objection, exception,
protect; O resistance (el.)
‫ اعراض‬i‘rāḍ shunning, avoidance,
evasion; reluctance │ ‫ في اعراض‬reluctantly
‫ تعارض‬ta‘āruḍ conflict, clash,
antagonism, contradiction, contrariety
‫ اعتراض‬i‘tirāḍ pl. -āt resistance,
opposition, objection, exception,
counterargument, counterassertion,
counterblast, riposte, rebuttal, rejoinder,
expostulation, remonstrance, protest;
(right of) veto (Isl. Law) │ ‫حق االعتراض‬
ḥaqq al-i‘t. (right of) veto (pol.)
‫ استعراض‬isti‘rāḍ examination, survey;
parade, review; revue, musical show 604
‫ استعراضي‬isti‘rāḍī revue-, show- (in
compounds), revue-like │ ‫فرقة استعراضية‬
(firqa) Show troupe; revue troupe; ‫فلم‬
‫ استعراضي‬film musical
‫‘ عارض‬āriḍ pl. -ūn exhibitor (e.g., at a
fair); demonstrator; -- (pl. ‫‘ عوارض‬awāriḍ)
obstacle, impediment, obstruction;
temporary disturbance, anomalous
condition (physically); attack, fit, spell;
s.th. accidental, s.th. nonessential, an
accidcnt; side of the face; -- ‫ العارضان‬the
cheeks │ ‫ خفيف العارضين‬k. al-‘āriḍain
having a sparse beard; ‫ في عارض الطريق‬in
the middle of the road
‫ عارضة‬āriḍa pl. -āt woman
demonstrator, woman exhibitor; -- (pl.
‫‘ عوارض‬awāriḍ2) side of the face;
doorpost, jamb; crossbeam, transom; joist,
girder; purlin; O anode (el.) │ ‫قوة العارضة‬
qūwat al-‘ā. eloquence; ‫عارضة األزياء‬
mannequin
‫‘ عارضي‬āridī accidental, casual,
occasional
‫ معروض‬ma‘rūd pl. ‫ معاريض‬ma‘ārīḍ2
exposition, report; memorial, petition,
application; -- pl. -āt propositions,
proposals, offers, tenders; exhibits,
exhibited articles
‫ معارض‬mu‘āriḍ adversary, opponent,
antagonist, opposer; contradicter
‫ معترض‬mu‘tariḍ running or lying
across, transversal, transverse; adversary,
opponent, antagonist, opposer;
contradicter; resistance (el.) │ ‫جملة معترضة‬
(jumla) parenthetical clause, parenthesis
2
‫‘ عرضي‬urḍī (from Turk. ordu) military
encampment, army camp
‫‘ عرف‬arafa i (‫ معرفة‬ma‘rifa, ‫‘ عرفان‬irfān) to
know (‫ ه‬،‫ ھـ‬s.o., s.th.); to recognize,
perceive (‫ ه‬،‫ ھـ‬s.o., s.th.); to be cognizant,
be aware (‫ ھـ‬of s.th.), be acquainted (‫ھـ‬
with s.th.), to discover, experience, find
out (‫ ھـ‬s.th.); to recognize, acknowledge (
‫ ب‬s.th., ‫ ھـ‬s.th. as being right; ‫ ھـ ھـ‬s.th. as);
to concede, acknowledge (‫ ل ھـ‬s.th. to
s.o.), allow (‫ ل ھـ‬for s.th. in s.o.); to
approve (‫ ھـ‬of); to distinguish,
differentiate (‫ ه‬،‫ من ھـ‬s.o., s.th. from); pass.
‘urifa to be known (‫ ب‬as, by the name of)
│ ‫( عرف حق المعرفة‬ḥaqqa l-m.) to know for
sure, be sure (of), be positive (about);
‫ عرفت له الجميل‬she was grateful to him, she
appreciated his service, she gratefully
acknowledged his service II to announce (
‫ ھـ ه‬to s.o. s.th.), inform, advise, apprise (‫ھـ‬
‫ ه‬s.o. of), acquaint (‫ ھـ ه‬s.o. with s.th.); to
introduce (‫ الى‬or ‫ ب ه‬s.o. to s.o. else), have
(‫ ه‬s.o.) meet (‫ الى‬or ‫ ب‬s.o. else), present (‫ب‬
‫ ه‬s.o. to s.o. else); to define (‫ ھـ‬s.th.); to
determine, specify, characterize, explain (
‫ ھـ‬s.th.); (gram.) to make definite (‫ ھـ‬a
noun); (Chr.) to confess (‫ ه‬a penitent),
hear the confession (‫ ه‬of s.o.) V to become
acquainted (‫ ب‬or ‫ الى‬also ‫ على‬with s.o.),
meet (‫ ب‬or ‫ الى‬s.o.), make the
acquaintance of s.o. (‫ ب‬or ‫ ;)الى‬to make
o.s. known, disclose one’s identity, reveal
o.s. (‫ الى‬to s.o.); to acquaint o.s.,
familiarize o.s. (‫ل‬. or ‫ الى‬with), get to
know (‫ على‬or ‫ الى‬s.th.); to sound, explore (
‫ ھـ‬s.th.); to trace, discover, uncover (‫ھـ‬
s.th.); (gram.) to be or become definite
(noun) VI to become acquainted with one
another, become mutually acquainted, get
to know each other; to become acquainted
(‫ ب‬with); to come to know (‫ ھـ‬s.th.), learn
(‫ ھـ‬about) VIII to confess, admit,
acknowledge, own, avow (‫ ھـ‬s.th.); to
recognize (‫ ب‬s.o., s.th.), grant recognition
(‫ ب‬to s.o., to s.th.); to concede,
acknowledge (‫ ل ب‬s.th. to s.o.); to make a
confession, to confess (Chr.) │ ‫اعترف‬
‫ بالجميل‬to be grateful X to discern,
recognize (‫ ھـ‬s.th.)
‫‘ عرف‬arf fragrance, perfume, scent,
aroma 605
‫‘ عرف‬urf beneficence, kindness;
custom, usage, practice, convention,
tradition, habit; legal practice; custom,
customary law (jur.); (pl. ‫ اعراف‬a‘rāf)
crest, comb (or a rooster), mane (of a
horse) │ ‫ في عرفه‬as was his wont,
according to his habit; in his opinion;
‫( العرف السياسي‬siyāsī) protocol
‫‘ عرفي‬urfī traditional, conventional,
usual, common, customary, habitual;
pertaining to secular legal practice (as
opposed to šar‘ī); private, unofficial (as
opposed to rasmī) │ ‫( الحكم العرفي‬ḥukm)
martial law; ‫ األحكام العرفية‬do.; ‫محكمة عرفية‬
(maḥkama) court-martial
‫‘ عرف‬arīf pl. ‫‘ عرفاء‬urafā’2 knowing (‫ب‬
s.th.), cognizant, aware (‫ ب‬of s.th.);
expert, authority, specialist; teaching
assistant, monitor (an older pupil assisting
the teacher of a Koran school); sergeant
(Ir.); corporal (U.A.R); ‫ رئيس العرفاء‬a
military rank, approx.: master sergeant
(Ir., Syr.); ‫ نائب عريف‬approx.: corporal
(Ir.); (pl. ‫‘ عرفان‬irfān) teacher, esp. a
teacher and precentor of congregational
singing (Copt.-Chr.)
‫‘ عراف‬arrāf diviner, fortuneteller
‫‘ عرافة‬arrāfa pl. -āt (woman)
fortuneteller
‫‘ عرافة‬irāfa fortuneteller’s trade;
fortunetelling, divination
‫‘ عرفات‬arafāt Arafat, name of a
mountain and adjacent plain, located four
hours’ distance east of Mecca, where the
Mecca pilgrims spend the 9th day of
Zu’lhijja
‫‘ عرفان‬irfān cognition, knowledge,
perception; recognition, acknowledgment
│ ‫ عرفان الجميل‬gratitude, thankfulness;
‫‘ عرفان الفضل‬i. al-faḍl do.
‫ اعرف‬a‘raf2 knowing better (‫ ب‬s.th.),
more cognizant. more knowledgeable (‫ب‬
of), better acquainted. more conversant (‫ب‬
with), more expert, more versed (‫ ب‬in); a
better connoisseur (‫ ب‬of); (f. ‫‘ عرفاء‬arfā’2)
having a crest or mane, crested, maned
‫ معرفة‬ma‘rifa pl. ‫ معارف‬ma‘ārif2
knowledge, learning, lore, information.
Skill, know-how; cognition, intellection,
perception, experience, realization;
gnosis; acquaintance, cognizance,
conversance, versedness; an acquainted
person, an acquaintance, a friend; (gram.)
definite noun; pl. ‫ المعارف‬cultural affairs,
education │ ‫ بمعرفة‬by, through (after the
passive); ‫ مع المعرفة‬knowingly, deliberately
(jur.); ‫‘( وزير المعارف العمومية‬umāmīya)
minister of education; ‫لم يكن معرفة في قومه‬
(qaumihī) he was unknown among his
people
‫ معارف‬ma‘ārif2 face, countenance,
features
‫ تعريف‬ta‘rīf pl. -āt, ‫ تعاريف‬ta‘ārīf2
announcement, notification,
communication, information; instruction,
direction; (social) introduction; definition,
determination, identification,
specification, characterization; a rendering
definite (gram.) │ ‫ اداة التعريف‬adāt at-t.
(gram.) the definite article; ‫بطاقة التعريف‬
identity card
‫ تعريفة‬ta‘rīfa notification, information,
apprising; -- (pl. -āt, ‫ تعاريف‬ta‘ārīf2) tariff;
price list
‫ تعرف‬ta‘arruf acquaintance (‫ ب‬or ‫الى‬
with); exploration, study; cognition,
knowledge, perception, realization
‫ اعتراف‬i‘tirāf recognition, acceptance;
acknowledgment, avowal, admission,
confession; (Chr.) confession │ ‫اعترافا ب‬
in recognition of; ‫( االعتراف بالجميل‬bi-l-
jamīl) gratitude, thankfulness; ‫ابو االعتراف‬
father-confessor, confessor (Chr.); ‫سر‬
‫ االعتراف‬sirr al-i‘t. sacrament of penance
(Chr.); ‫ معلم االعتراف‬mu‘allim 606 al-i‘t.
father-confessor, confessor (Chr.); ‫من‬
‫ االعتراف ان‬it must be admitted that ...,
admittedly ...
‫‘ عارف‬ārif acquainted, conversant,
familiar (‫ ب‬with); connoisseur, expert;
master (tun.)
‫‘ عارفة‬ārifa (syr.) sage, wise man (of a
village or tribe)
‫ معروف‬ma‘rūf known, well-known;
universally accepted, generally
recognized; conventional; that which is
good, beneficial, or fitting, good, benefit;
fairness, equity, equitableness; kindness,
friendliness, amicability; beneficence;
favor rendered, courtesy, mark of
friendship; active voice (gram.) │ ‫بالمعروف‬
or ‫ بمعروف‬in (all) fairness; with
appropriate courtesy, in a friendly manner,
amicably; ‫ ناكر المعروف‬ungrateful; ‫المعروف‬
‫ ان‬it is (well-) known that ..., as is well-
known ..., it is commonly held that ..., it is
generally understood that ...
‫ متعارف‬muta‘āraf or ‫متعارف عليه‬
common, usual, customary;
commonplace, trivial, trite, hackneyed,
banal
‫ معترف‬mu‘taraf confessor (in the
hierarchy of saints; Chr.)
‫ معترف به‬mu‘taraf bihī recognized,
accepted, admitted, granted, approved-of,
licensed, authorized ‫‘ ھـ‬ariqa a (‘araq) to
sweat, perspire II to make or let (‫ ه‬s.o.)
sweat, promote perspiration; to add water
(‫ ھـ‬to a drink), dilute (‫ ھـ‬a drink); to take
root, strike roots; to be deeply rooted; to
vein, marble (‫ ھـ‬s.th.) IV to take root,
strike roots V = IV
‫‘ عرق‬irq pl. ‫‘ عروق‬urūq root; stem (of a
plant, of a leaf); vein (bot., anat.);
hereditary disposition; race, stock, descent
│ ‫‘ عرق الذھب‬i. ad-dahab ipecac,
ipecacuanha (bot.); ‫‘ عرق سوس‬i. sūs
licorice root; ‫‘ عرق النسا‬i. an-nasā sciatica
(med.); ‫ طيب العرق‬ṭīb al-‘i. noble descent;
‫ طيب العرق‬ṭayyib al-‘i. of noble descent,
high born; ‫( العرق دساس‬dassās) blood will
tell, what ill bred in the bone will come
out in the flesh; ‫ ضرب فيه بعرق‬to have a
share in s.th., participate in s.th.
‫‘ عرق‬araq sweat, perspiration; arrack, a
strong colorless liquor made of raisins,
milky white when diluted with water
(esp. syr.; = eg. zabīb) │ ‫‘ عرق القربة‬a.
al-qirba pains, toil, exertion; ‫عرق زحالوي‬
(zaḥlāwī) a well-known brand of arrack
made in Zahlé (Lebanon)
‫‘ عرقة‬araqa transom between two
layers of stone or brick
‫‘ عرقية‬araqīya (eg.) white cotton
skullcap often worn under the tarboosh)
‫‘ عراقة‬arāaqa deep-rootedness; ancient
ancestral line, old family │ ‫عراقة في النسب‬
(nasab) noble descent
‫‘ عراقية‬arrāqīya (eg.) white cotton
skullcap (often worn under the tarboosh)
‫‘ عريق‬arīq deep-rooted │ ‫عريق في القدم‬
(qidam) ancient; centuried, centuries-old;
‫ من عائلة عريقة‬from an old, respectable
family; ‫‘ عريق النسب‬a. an-nasab of noble
descent, highborn
‫ العراق‬al-‘irāq Iraq; ‫ العراقان‬al-‘irāqān
Basra and Kufa
‫‘ عراق‬irāqī Iraqi, Iraqian; (pl. -ūn) an
Iraqi
‫ اعرق‬a’raq2 more deep-rooted
 ‫ معروق‬ma‘rūq gaunt, emaciated, lean
(face, hand, etc.)
‫ معرق‬mu‘arriq sudorific, promoting
perspiration
‫ معرق‬mu‘arraq veined; mu‘riq firmly
rooted │ ‫( معرق في القدم‬mu‘riq, qidam) very
old, ancient, centuried, centuries-old 607
‫‘ عرقب‬arqaba to hamstring (‫ ھـ‬an animal)
‫‘ عرقوب‬urqūb pl. ‫‘ عراقيب‬arāqīb2
Achilles’ tendon; hamstring; ‘urqūb name
of a famed liar │ ‫ اكذب من عرقوب‬a greater
liar than ‘Urqūb
‫‘ عرقوبي‬urqūbī false, deceitful
(promise)
‫‘ عرقل‬arqala to render difficult, complicate,
handicap, hinder, hamper, encumber,
impede, obstruct, delay (‫ ه‬،‫ ھـ‬s.o., s.th.),
throw obstacle, in the way of s.o. or s.th. (
‫ ه‬،‫( ;)ھـ‬tun.) to seize, confiscate, impound (
‫ ھـ‬s.th.) II ta‘arqala to be aggravated,
rendered difficult, be or become
complicated, be hindered, hampered,
encumbered, impeded, obstructed,
handicapped, delayed
‫‘ عرقلة‬arqala impeding, hindering,
encumbering; -- (pl. ‫‘ عراقيل‬arāqīl2)
encumbrance, impediment, hindrance;
obstacle, difficulty, handicap
‫‘ عرك‬araka u (‘ark) to rub (‫ ھـ‬s.th.); to turn,
adjust (‫ ھـ‬the knobs of a radio, and the
like) ; to play havoc (‫ ھـ‬with), damage
severely (‫ ھـ‬s.th.); -- ‘arika a to be strong
in battle, be a tough fighter III to fight,
struggle, contend (‫ ه‬with s.o.) VI to
engage in a fight, fight one another VIII =
VI
‫‘ عرك‬ark experience (gained through
suffering)
‫‘ عركة‬arka fight, struggle, battle,
combat
‫‘ عريكة‬arīka disposition, frame of mind,
temper, nature
‫ معركة‬ma‘raka, ma‘ruka pl. ‫‘ معارك‬arik2
battlefield; battle
‫‘ عراك‬irāk struggle, fight, strife, battle,
combat
‫ معاركة‬mu’āraka struggle, fight, strife,
battle, combat
‫ عرك‬mu’tarak fighting ground, battle
ground
‫ عرم‬II to heap up, pile up, stack (‫ ھـ‬s.th.) VIII
to be vicious; to be stubborn, obstinate,
headstrong
‫‘ عرم‬arim vicious; strong, violent,
vehement, powerful, terrific; dam, dike │
‫( جيش عرم‬jaiš) numerous, huge army
‫‘ عرام‬urām viciousness (of character);
violence, vehemence │ ‫( سيل عرام‬sail)
huge quantity, tremendous flood
‫‘ عرمة‬urma pl. ‫‘ عرم‬uram heap, pile,
bulk, mass, large amount, multitude
‫‘ عرمة‬arama pl. ‫‘ عرم‬aram heap, pile,
bulk, mass, huge amount, multitude
‫‘ عارم‬ārim vicious; tempestuous,
violent, vehement, strong; tremendous,
enormous, huge
‫‘ عرمرم‬aramram strong, violent, vehement │
‫( جيش عرمرم‬jaiš) a numerous, huge army
‫‘ عرين‬arīn pl. ‫‘ عرن‬urun thicket; lair of a lion,
lion’s den
‫‘ عرينة‬arīna pl. ‫‘ عرائن‬arā’in2 lair of a
wild animal
‫‘ عرنين‬irnīn pl. ‫‘ عرانين‬arānīn2 upper
part of the nose, bridge of the nose
‫’ عرناس‬irnās pl. ‫‘ عرانيس‬arānīs2 distaff │ ‫عرناس‬
‫‘ ذرة‬i. dura corncob (syr.)
‫‘ )عرا )عرو‬arā u (‘arw) and VIII to befall, grip,
seize, strike, afflict (‫ ه‬s.o.), come, descend
(‫ ه‬upon s.o.), happen (‫ ه‬to s.o.); to take
possession (‫ ه‬of s.o.)
‫‘ عروة‬urwa pl. ‫‘ عرى‬uran buttonhole;
loop, noose, coil; ear, handle (of a jug, and
the like); tie, bond, e.g., ‫‘ عرى الصداقة‬u. aṣ-
ṣadāqa bonds of friendship; support, prop,
stay │ ‫( العروة الوثقى‬wutqā) the firm,
reliable grip or hold, the firm tie
‫‘ عري‬ariya a (‘ury, ‫‘ عرية‬urya) to be
naked, nude; to be free, be bare (‫ عن‬of) │
‫ عري عن )من( ثيابه‬to take off one’s clothes,
strip (naked), undress, have no clothes 608
on; ‫( عرى عن كل اساس‬asās) to be
completely unfounded, be without any
foundation II to disrobe, unclothe, undress
 (‫ ه‬s.o.); to bare, denude, lay bare, uncover
(‫ ه‬s.th.); to strip (‫ من ثيابه ه‬s.o. of hill
clothes); to deprive, divest, strip (‫ ه من‬s.o.
of s.th.)
‫‘ عري‬ūry nakedness, nudity; unsaddled
(horse)
‫‘ عرية‬urya nakedness, nudity
‫‘ عراء‬arā’ nakedness, nudity; bareness;
open space, open country │ ‫ في العراء‬in the
open air, under the open sky, outside,
outdoors; ‫( مسرح في العراء‬masraḥ) open-air
theater
‫‘ عريان‬uryān pl. ‫‘ عرايا‬arāyā naked,
nude, undressed, bare │ ‫عريان ملط‬
(malṭ)`stark-naked (eg.)
O ‫‘ عريانية‬uryānīya nudism
‫ المعاري‬al-ma‘ārī the uncovered parts of
the body (hands, feet, face)
‫‘ عار‬ārin pl. ‫‘ عراة‬urāh naked, nude,
undressed, bare; free, devoid, destitute,
bare, deprived, stripped, denuded (‫ من‬or
‫ عن‬of s.th.); blank, bare (e.g., a room),
stark (e.g., a narrative) │ ‫عاري األقدام‬
barefoot(ed), unshod
‫‘ عز‬azza i (‘izz, ‫‘ عزة‬izza ‫‘ عزازة‬azāza) to be or
become strong, powerful, respected; to be
or become rare, scarce, be scarcely to be
found; to be or become dear, cherished,
precious (‫ على‬to s.o.); ‫ عز عليه ان‬he is sorry
that ...; to be hard, difficult (‫ على‬for s.o.);
to hurt, pain (‫ على‬s.o.), be painful (‫ على‬for
s.o.), be hard (‫ على‬on s.o.) II to make
strong. strengthen, reinforce, fortify,
corroborate, confirm, solidify, invigorate,
harden, advance, support (‫ ه‬،‫ ھـ‬s.o., s.th.);
to consolidate (‫ ھـ‬s.th,); to honor (‫ ه‬s.o.); to
raise in esteem, elevate, exalt (‫ ه‬s.o.); to
make dear, endear (‫ ه‬s.o.) │ ‫ عزز جانبه‬to
strengthen, reinforce, fortify, solidify,
consolidate s.th., make s.th. strong,
powerful, mighty IV to make strong,
strengthen, fortify, reinforce, invigorate,
harden, steel (‫ ه‬،‫ ھـ‬s.o., s.th.); to love (‫ ه‬،‫ھـ‬
s.o., s.th.); to honor (‫ ه‬،‫ ھـ‬s.o., s.th.); to
esteem, value, prize (‫ ه‬،‫ ھـ‬s.o., s.th.); to
make dear, endear (‫ ه‬،‫ ھـ‬s.o., s.th.) V to be
or become strong, powerful, mighty,
forceful, strengthened, fortified,
reinforced, invigorated, hardened,
solidified, consolidated; to be proud, boast
(‫ ب‬of), pride o.s., glory, exult (‫ ب‬in) VIII
to feel strong or powerful (‫ ب‬due to,
because of); to be proud, boast (‫ ب‬of),
pride o.s., glory, exult (‫ ب‬in); to arrogate
to o.s. (‫ ب‬s.th.) X to overwhelm,
overcome (‫ على‬s.o.); to become powerful,
mighty, respected, honored, be exalted; to
make or hold dear, value highly, esteem (‫ه‬
s.o.)
‫ عز‬might, power, standing, weight;
strength, force; honor. glory, high rank,
fame, celebrity, renown │ ‫ عزھا‬Her
Highness (title); ‫( في عز شبابه‬šabābihī) in
the prime of his youth
‫‘ عزة‬izza might, power, standing,
weight; strength. force; honor, glory, high
rank, fame, celebrity. renown; pride │ ‫عزة‬
‫ الجانب‬power, might; ‫( العزة القومية‬qaumīya)
national pride; ‫‘ عزة النفس‬i. an-nafs sense
of honor, self-respect, self-esteem; ‫صاحب‬
‫ العزة‬title of a bey
‫‘ عزيز‬azīz pl. ‫ اعزاء‬a‘izzā’2, ‫ اعزة‬a‘izza
mighty, powerful, respected,
distinguished, notable; strong; noble,
esteemed, venerable, august; honorable;
rare, scarce, scarcely to be found;
difficult, hard (‫ على‬for); precious, costly,
valuable; dear, beloved (‫ على‬to),
cherished, valued (‫ على‬by); friend; ruler,
overlord │ ‫ عزيزي‬my dear! (esp. as a
salutation in letters); ‫ عزيز الجانب‬mighty,
powerful, strong 609
‫ اعز‬a‘azz2 mightier, more powerful;
stronger; dearer, more beloved; ‫العزى‬
al-‘uzzā a goddess of the pagan Arabs
‫ معزة‬ma‘azza esteem, regard, affection,
love
‫ تعزيز‬ta‘zīz pl. -āt strengthening,
consolidation, support, backing
‫ اعزاز‬i‘zāz strengthening, fortification,
reinforcement, consolidation; love,
affection, esteem, regard
‫ اعتزاز‬i‘tizāz pride (‫ ب‬in)
‫ معتز‬mu‘tazz proud; mighty, powerful
‫‘ عزب‬azaba i u (‫‘ عزوب‬uzūb) to be far, be
distant (‫ عن‬from); to slip, escape (‫ عن‬s.o.’s
mind) │ ‫ عزب عن األذھان‬to be forgotten,
sink into oblivion; -- ‘azaba u (‫‘ عزبة‬uzba,
‫‘ عزوبة‬uzūba) to be single, unmarried
 ‫‘ عزب‬azab pl. ‫‘ عزاب‬uzzāb, ‫ اعزاب‬a‘zāb
celibate, single, unmarried; bachelor
‫‘ عزبة‬izba pl. ‫‘ عزب‬izab (eg.) country
estate, farm; rural settlement
‫‘ عزبة‬uzba celibacy; bachelorhood
‫‘ عزوبة‬uzūba celibacy; bachelorhood
‫ اعزب‬a‘zab2 celibate, single, unmarried;
bachelor
‫ معزب‬mu‘azzab sheik, emir (Nejd)
‫‘ عزر‬azara i (‘azr) to censure, rebuke, reprove,
reprimand (‫ ه‬s.o.); to refuse to have
anything to do with s.o.; -- ‘azara i to
curb, restrain, subdue (‫ ه‬s.o.’s pride, and
the like) II to censure, rebuke, reprove.
reprimand (‫ ه‬s.o.); to refuse to have
anything to do with s.o.
‫’عزر‬azr censure, blame, rebuke,
reproof, reprimand
‫ تعزير‬ta‘zīr censure, blame, rebuke,
reproof, reprimand; chastisement,
castigation
‫ اعتزار‬i‘tizār self-discipline
‫‘ عزرائيل‬izrā’īl2 Azrael, the angel of death
‫‘ عزف‬azala i (‘af) to play (‫ على‬on a musical
instrument, ‫ ھـ‬tunes); to play (‫ ل‬to or for
s.o.), make music (‫ ل‬for s.o.); -- i u (‘azf,
‫‘ عزوف‬uzūf) to turn away (‫ عن‬from s.th.),
become averse (‫ عن‬to s.th.), avoid, shun (
‫ عن‬s.th.), abstain, refrain (‫ ان‬from doing
s.th.)
‫‘ عزوف‬azūf disinclined, averse (‫ عن‬to
s.th.)
‫ معزف‬mi‘zaf pl. ‫ معازف‬ma‘āzif2 stringed
instrument; O piano
‫‘ عازف‬āzif player, (musical) performer
‫ معزوفة‬ma‘zūfa pl. -āt piece of music,
performance, recital (on an instrument)
‫‘ عزق‬azaqa i (‘azq) to hoe, dig up, break up,
loosen (‫ األرض‬al-arḍa the soil)
‫ معزقة‬mi‘zaqa pl. ‫ معازق‬ma‘āziq2 hoe,
mattock
‫‘ عزل‬azala i (‘azl) to remove, set aside,
isolate, separate, segregate, detach, cut off
(‫ ه‬،‫ عن ھـ‬s.o., s.th. from); to depose (‫ ه‬s.o.),
release, dismiss, discharge (‫ ه‬s.o. ‫عن منصبه‬
‘an manṣibihī of his office) IV ‫اعزل منصبه‬
(manṣibahū) to give up one’s position,
resign VII to be or become isolated, cut
off, separated, segregated, detached (‫عن‬
from) VIII to keep away, stand aloof,
leave, withdraw; to retire, seclude o.s.,
segregate, secede, detach o.s., dissociate
o.s., separate o.s., isolate o.s. (‫ عن‬or ‫ ه‬،‫ھـ‬
from s.o., from s.th.), part (‫ عن‬or ‫ ه‬،‫ ھـ‬with
s.o., with s.th.); to be or get deposed │
‫( اعتزل الخدمة‬kidmata), ‫‘( اعتزل العمل‬amala)
to retire from service, from work, go into
retirement
‫‘ عزل‬azl removal, dissociation,
detachment, setting aside, isolation (also,
e.g., in case of contagious disease),
cutting-off, segregation, separation;
deposition, discharge, dismissal │ ‫حائط‬
‫( عزل الحرق‬ḥarq) 610 fire wall; ‫غير قابل‬
‫ للعزل‬irremovable, appointed for life tenure
(judge)
‫‘ عزل‬azal unarmedness,
defenselessness
‫‘ عزل‬uzul unarmed, defenseless
‫‘ عزلة‬uzla retirement, seclusion, retreat,
privacy; segregation, reparation,
detachedness; insulation, insularity,
isolatedness; isolation; solitude │ ‫في عزلة‬
‫ عن‬secluded, segregated, cut off, detached,
separated, insulated, isolated from
‫‘ عزلة‬izla pl. ‫‘ عزل‬izal subdistrict of a
nāḥiya (Yemen)
‫‘ عزال‬izāl (eg.) furniture, household
effects, movable goods, luggage
‫ اعزل‬a‘zal2, f. ‫‘ عزالء‬azlā’2, pl. ‫‘ عزل‬uzl
unarmed, defenseless │ ‫ السماك األعزل‬star α
in the constellation Virgo, Spica Virginia
(astron.)
‫ معزل‬ma‘zil pl. ‫ معازل‬ma‘āzil2 place of
retirement, house of retreat; seclusion,
segregation, isolation; isolation ward (in a
hospital) │ ‫ بمعزل عن‬separated, detached,
apart, secluded, segregated, isolated from
‫ انعزال‬in‘izāl detachedness, seclusion,
segregation, insularity, insulation;
isolation
‫ انعتزالية‬in‘izālīya isolationism
 ‫ اعتزال‬i‘tizāl retirement, seclusion,
retreat, privacy │ ‫ اعتزال الخدمة‬i‘tizāl al-
kidma retirement from service
O ‫‘ عازل‬āzil insulator (el.)
O ‫‘ عازلة‬āzila pl. -āt, ‘awāzil2 insulator,
nonconductor (el.)
‫ معزول‬ma‘zūl far, distant, remote (‫عن‬
from); isolated, insulated
‫ منعزل‬mun‘azil isolated, single, solitary,
sporadic
‫ المعتزلة‬al-mu‘tazila name of a
theological school which introduced
speculative dogmatism into Islam
‫ معتزل‬mu‘tazal pl. -āt (place of)
solitude, (place of) retirement
‫‘ عزم‬azama i (‘azm, ‫‘ عزيمة‬azīma) to decide,
resolve (‫ على‬on s.th.); to make up one’s
mind, determine, be determined, be
resolved (‫ على‬to do s.th.), be bent (‫ على‬on
s.th.); to adjure (‫ على‬s.o.); to invite (‫ ه‬s.o.
‫ ان‬or ‫ على‬to or to do s.th.) II to enchant,
spellbind (‫ على‬s.o., s.th., by magic rites)
VIII to decide, resolve (‫ على‬or ‫ ھـ‬on s.th.),
make up one’s mind, determine, be
determined, be resolved (‫ على‬or ‫ ھـ‬to do
‫‘ عس‬assa u (‘ass) to make the rounds by night,
s.th.), be bent (‫ على‬or ‫ ھـ‬on s.th.)
‫‘ عزم‬azm determination, firm will, firm
intention, decision, resolution; energy
‫‘ عزمة‬azma decision, resolution; strict
order (‫ ب‬to do s.th.)
‫‘ عزوم‬azūm determined, resolved,
‫‘ عسيب‬asīb tail bone (of the horse); (pl. ‫عسب‬
resolute
‫‘ عزومة‬azūma invitation; banquet
‫‘ عزيمة‬azīma determination, firm will,
firm intention; (pl. ‫‘ عزائم‬azā’im2)
‫‘ عوسج‬ausaj boxthorn (Lycium europaeum
resolution (‫ على‬to do s.th.), decision;
incantation; spell
‫‘ عازم‬āzim determined, resolved (‫ على‬to
do s.th.)
‫ معتزم‬mu‘tazim determined, resolved (
‫ على‬to do s.th.)
‫‘ عسر‬asura u (‘usr, ‘usur) and ‘asira a (‘asar)
(‫ عزو‬and ‫‘ عزي( عزا‬azā u (‘azw) and
‫‘ عزى‬azā i (‘azy) to trace (back) (‫ ل‬or ‫الى ھـ‬
s.th. to an origin), ascribe, attribute,
impute, owe (‫ ل‬or ‫ الى‬A s.th. to s.o., to
s.th.); to charge, incriminate (‫ ل‬or ‫الى ھـ‬
with s.th. s.o. or s.th.), blame (‫ الى ھـ‬for
s.th. s.o. or s.th.), lay the blame (‫ الى ھـ‬for
s.th. on s.o., on s.th.); -- ‫‘ عزي‬aziya a (‫عزاء‬
‘azā’) and ‫‘ عزا‬azā u (‫‘ عزاء‬aza’) to take
patience, console o.s. II to persuade (‫ ه‬s.o.)
to bear with equanimity (‫ في‬or ‫ عن‬s.th., the
death of s.o. or the loss of s.th.), comfort,
console (‫ عن ه‬s.o. over), 611 give comfort,
express one’s sympathy, offer one’s
condolences (‫ ه‬to s.o.) V to take patience;
to console o.s. (‫ عن‬for) VII to console o.s.
(‫ ب‬with), find solace (‫ ب‬in) VIII to trace
(back) one’s descent (‫ الى‬to)
‫‘ عزو‬azw tracing back, ascription,
attribution; imputation, accusation
‫‘ عزوة‬izwa: ‫ حسن العزوة‬ḥasan al-‘i. of
good ancestry, of good stock
‫‘ عزاء‬azā’ composure, equanimity;
comfort, consolation, solace; ceremony of
mourning
‫ تعزية‬ta‘ziya pl. ‫ تعاز‬ta‘āzin consolation,
solace, comfort; condolence │ ‫ رفع تعزيته‬to
express one’s sympathy, offer one’s
condolences; ‫( قدم التعازي‬qaddama) do.
‫ معز‬mu‘azzin comforter, consoler,
condoler
patrol by night
‫ عسعس‬patrol (as a body of men)
‫‘ عسس‬asas guard │ ‫العسة المصونة‬
(maṣūna) (formerly:) the bodyguard of the
Bey of Tunisia
‘usub) a palm branch stripped of its leaves
‫ يعسوب‬ya‘sūb pl. ‫ يعاسيب‬ya‘āsīb2 male
bee, drone; notable, chief, leader
L. and Lycium arabicum Schwf.; bot.)
‫‘ عسجد‬asjad gold
‫‘ عسجدي‬asjadī golden
‫ معسجد‬mu‘asjad gilded
to be difficult, hard, trying, adverse (‫على‬
for s.o.); -- ‘asara i u (‘asr) to press, urge
(‫ على ه‬s.o. to); to force, compel, coerce (
‫ على ه‬s.o. to) II to make difficult or hard (‫ھـ‬
s.th.); to act hostilely (‫ على‬toward s.o.); to
 oppress, distress (‫ على‬s.o.), bear down
hard (‫ على‬on s.o.) III to treat (‫ ه‬s.o.)
roughly or harshly IV to be in distress, be
in a fix, in a predicament; to become
impoverished, be reduced to poverty, be
up against it, be in financial straits, live in
straitened circumstances V to be difficult,
hard, trying, adverse (‫ على‬for s.o.) VI = V;
X = V; to find (‫ ھـ‬s.th.) difficult, hard,
trying, or adverse
‫‘ عسر‬usr difficulty, trying or distressful
situation, predicament, plight, fix, pinch,
press, straits, straightened circumstances,
distress, poverty, destitution
‫‘ عسر‬asir hard, difficult; trying,
distressing, adverse
‫‘ عسر‬usra = ‫‘ عسر‬usr
‫‘ عسير‬asīr difficult, hard, harsh, rough;
Asir (mountainous district in SW Arabia,
between Hejaz and Yemen)
‫ اعسر‬a‘sar2 left-handed; harder, more
difficult
‫ معسرة‬ma‘sara = ‫‘ عسر‬usr
‫ اعسار‬i‘sār poverty; financial straits,
insolvency
‫ تعسر‬ta‘assur difficulty
‫ معسور‬ma‘sūr (living) in straitened
circumstances
‫ معسر‬mu‘sir (living) in straitened
circumstances; poor, impoverished
‫ متعسر‬muta‘assir hard, difficult, trying,
distressing, adverse
‫‘ عسعس‬as‘asa to darken, grow dark
‫‘ عسف‬asafa i (‘asf) to act recklessly or
thoughtlessly (‫ في‬in s.th.), do (‫ في‬s.th.)
rashly; to treat unjustly, oppress, tyrannize
(‫ ه‬s.o.) II to overburden, 612 overtask,
overtax (‫ ه‬s.o.) IV = II; V to do (‫ ھـ‬s.th.) at
random, haphazardly, dispose arbitrarily (
‫ في‬of); to deviate, stray (‫ عن‬from) VIII to
do (‫ ھـ‬s.th.) at random, haphazardly; to
deviate, stray (‫ عن‬from); to go astray; to
force, compel, coerce (‫ ب ه‬s.o. to)
‫‘ عسف‬asūf injustice, oppression,
tyranny
‫‘ عسوف‬asūf oppressor, despot, tyrant
‫‘ عساف‬assāf oppressor, despot, tyrant
‫ تعسف‬ta‘assuf arbitrariness; an
arbitrary, liberal, inaccurate manner of
using the language; aberration; deviation
‫ تعسفي‬ta‘assufī arbitrary; despotic,
tyrannical
‫ اعتساف‬i‘tisāf straying, aberration,
deviation; coercion, compulsion, force
‫‘ عسقالن‬asqalān2 Ashkelon (seaport in SW
Palestine)
‫‘ عسكر‬askar pl. ‫‘ عساكر‬asākir2 army, host,
troops │ ‫( عساكر ضابطية‬ḍābiṭīya)
constabulary, police troops
‫‘ عسكري‬askarī military, army- (in
compounds); pl. ‫ العسكريون‬the military; --
pl. ‫‘ عساكر‬asākir2) soldier; private (mil.);
policeman; pl. enlisted men, ranks
‫‘ عسكرية‬askarīya military service;
militarism; soldiership, soldiery,
soldierliness
‫ معسكر‬mu‘askar pl. -āt military
encampment, army camp; camp │ ‫معسكر‬
‫ االعتقال‬concentration camp
‫ عسل‬II to prepare or mix with honey (‫ ھـ‬s.th.);
to sweeten, make sweet or pleasant (‫ھـ‬
s.th.)
‫‘ عسل‬asal pl. ‫ اعسال‬a‘sāl, ‫‘ عسول‬usūl
honey │ ‫‘ عسل سكر‬a. sukkar molasses,
treacle; ‫ عسل اسود‬do.; ‫ شھر العسل‬šahr al-‘a.
honeymoon
‫‘ عسلي‬asalī honey-colored, amber,
brownish
‫‘ عسال‬assāl gatherer of honey;
beekeeper, apiculturist
‫‘ عسالة‬asāla beehive
‫‘ عيسالن‬aisalān hyacinth (bot.)
‫ معسلة‬ma‘sala beehive
‫ تعسيلة‬ta‘sīla (eg.) nap, doze
‫ معسول‬ma‘sūl: prepared with honey;
honeyed, honeysweet
‫ معسل‬mu‘assal: ‫( دخان معسل‬dukān) a
mild-tasting tobacco, due to its
preparation with molasses, glycerine,
fragrant oils or essences
‫‘ عسلج‬usluj pl. ‫‘ عسالج‬asālij2 tender sprig, small
twig, shoot
‫‘ عسلوج‬uslūj pl. ‫‘ عساليج‬asālīj2 tender
sprig, small twig, shoot
1
‫‘ عسى‬asā with foll. ‫ ان‬an and
subjunctive: it might be, it could be
that ..., possibly ..., maybe ..., perhaps ... │
‫ ما عسى ان يكون‬what might be ...?! ‫ماذا عسى‬
‫ ان يكون‬what should I do! ‫ما عسى ينفع ھذا‬
(yanfa‘u) of what use could this possibly
be! ‫ ماذا عساه يقول‬what could he possibly
say?
‫‘ عسي‬asīy appropriate, proper, fitting
(with personal construction) │ ،‫ھو عسى ب‬
‫ )ھم عسيون ب )ان‬it befits him (them) to ... or
that he (they) it is proper for him (for
them) to or that he (they) …
2
‫‘ عاس‬āsin dry, withered, wilted
‫ عش‬II to build a nest, to nest; to take root,
become established, settle in VIII to build
a nest, to nest
‫‘ عش‬ušš pl. ‫‘ عشاش‬išāš, ‫ اعشاش‬a‘šāš,
‫‘ عششة‬išaša nest
‫‘ عش‬ušša, ‘išša pl. ‫‘ عشش‬ušaš, ‘išaš
hut, shanty, shack, hovel; arbor, bower
613
‫‘ عشب‬ašiba a, ‘ašuba u to be grassy, grass-
covered (ground) II do.
‫‘ عشب‬ušb (coll.: n. un. ‫ )ة‬pl. ‫اعشاب‬
a‘šāb (green) grass, herbage, plants;
pasture
‫‘ عشبة‬ušba plant, herb
‫‘ عشبي‬ušbī herbaceous, herbal,
vegetable, vegetal, plant- (in compounds)
│ ‫ مجموعة عشبية‬herbarium
‫‘ عشب‬ašib grassy, abundant in grass
‫‘ عشابة‬ašāba luxuriant vegetation
‫ معشب‬mu‘šib grassy, abundant in grass
‫‘ عشتروت‬aštarūt2 Astarte
‫‘ عشر‬ašara u to collect the tithe (‫ ه‬from
s.o., ‫ ھـ‬of s.th.) II = I; to divide into tenths
III to be on intimate terms, associate
(closely) (‫ه‬with s.o.) VI to be on intimate
terms, associate with one another, live
together
‫‘ عشر‬ušr pl. ‫ اعشار‬a‘šār, ‫‘ عشور‬ušūr one
tenth, tenth part; tithe │ ‫‘ عشر معشار‬u.
mi‘sār one hundredth
‫‘ عشري‬arī decimal (adj.)
‫ اعشاري‬a‘šārī decimal (adj.)
‫‘ عشرة‬išra (intimate) association,
intimacy, companionship, relations,
(social) intercourse, company; conjugal
community, community of husband and
wife
‫‘ عشرة‬ašara (f. ‫‘ عشر‬ašar) ten: ‫ العشر‬the
first ten days of Muharram
‫ ثالثة عشر‬talātata ‘ašara (f. ‫ثالث عشرة‬
talāta ‘ašrata) thirteen
‫‘ عشرات‬ašarāt some tens, tens (of);
decades; (with foll. genit.) dozens of ...,
scores of ...
‫‘ عشار‬išār (eg.) with young, pregnant
(animal)
‫‘ عشار‬aššār collector of the tithe
‫‘ عشير‬ašīr pl. ‫‘ عشراء‬ušarā’ companion,
fellow, associate, friend, comrade
‫‘ عشيرة‬ašīra pl. ‫‘ عشائر‬ašā’ir2 clan,
kinsfolk, closest relatives; tribe; pl. ‫العشائر‬
(syr.) the Bedouins │ ‫ حرس العشائر‬ḥaras
al-‘a. Bedouin police (responsible for
surveillance of the nomads)
‫‘ عشائري‬ašā’irī (syr.) Bedouin (adj.) │
‫‘( العرف العشائري‬urf) the customary law of
the Bedouins
‫‘ عاشوراء‬āšūrā’2, ‫‘ عشوراء‬ašārā’2, ‫يوم‬
‫ عاشوراء‬yaum ‘ā., ‫ ليلة عاشوراء‬lailat ‘ā.
Ashura, name of a voluntary fast day on
the tenth day of Moharram; day of
mourning sacred to the Shiites, the
anniversary of Husain’s martyrdom at
Kerbela (10th of Muharram A. H. 60)
‫‘ عشرون‬išrūn twenty
‫ معشر‬ma‘šar pl. ‫ معاشر‬ma‘āšir2
assemblage, community, company,
society, group, troop; kinsfolk │ ‫يا معشر‬
‫ الشباب‬yā ma‘šara š-šabāb oh ye young
men!
‫ معشار‬mi‘šāar one tenth, tenth part
‫ معاشرة‬mu‘āšara (intimate) association,
intimacy, social relations, social
 intercourse; company, society,
companionship; community, jointness
‫ معاشر‬mu‘āšir companion, fellow,
associate, friend, comrade
‫‘ عشق‬ašiqa a (‘išq) to love passionately (‫ ه‬،‫ھـ‬
s.o., s.th.), be passionately in love (‫ ه‬،‫ھـ‬
with s.o., with s.th.) II to fit tightly
together, interjoin closely, dovetail (‫ھـ‬
s.th.); to couple, connect (‫ ھـ‬s.th.: techn.)
V to court, woo (‫ ھا‬a woman), make love (
‫ ھا‬to a woman)
‫ عشق‬išq love, ardor of love, passion
‫‘ عشيق‬ašīq lover, sweetheart (m.)
‫‘ عشيقة‬ašīqa beloved, sweetheart (f.)
‫‘ عشيق‬iššīq lover 614
‫ تعشيق‬ta‘šīq tight interjunction,
dovetailing; coupling (techn.)
‫‘ عاشق‬āšiq pl. ‫‘ عشاق‬uššāq lover;
fancier, fan, -phile (in compounds); -- (pl.
‫‘ عواشق‬awāšiq2) knucklebone; (game of)
knucklebones
‫ معشوق‬ma‘šūq lover, sweetheart (m.)
‫ معشوقة‬ma‘šūqa beloved, sweetheart (f.)
(‫ عشو‬and ‫‘ عشى( عشا‬ašā u (‘ašw), and ‫عشو‬
‘ašiya a (‫‘ عشا‬ašan) to be dim-sighted; to
be night-blind II to make dim-sighted,
make night-blind (‫ ه‬s.o.); to give a dinner (
‫ ه‬for s.o.) IV to make dim-sighted (‫ ه‬s.o., ‫ه‬
the eyes) V to have dinner (or supper), to
dine, to sup
‫‘ عشا‬ašan dim-sightedness;
nightblindness, nyctalopia
‫‘ عشى‬ašīy evening
‫‘ عشاء‬asa’ pl. ‫ اعشية‬a‘šiya dinner,
supper │ ‫( اعشاء السري‬sirrī) the Lord’s
supper, the Eucharist (Chr.)
‫‘ عشاء‬išā’ evening; (f.) evening prayer
(Isl. Law)
‫‘ عشوة‬ašwa darkness, dark, gloom;
dinner, supper
‫‘ عشاوة‬ašāwa dim-sightedness; night-
blindness, nyctalopia
‫‘ عشية‬ašīya pl. -āt, ‫‘ عشايا‬ašāyā (late)
evening │ ‫‘ عشية امس‬ašīyata amsi last
night, yesterday in the evening; ‫بين عشية‬
‫( وضحاھا‬ḍuḥāhā) from one day to the
other, overnight, all of a sudden
‫‘ عشواء‬ašwā’2 darkness, dark, gloom;
also see ‫ اعشى‬a‘šā
‫ اعشى‬a‘šā, f. ‫‘ عشواء‬ašwā’ dim-sighted;
night-blind, nyctalopic; blind, aimless,
haphazard, desultory, senseless │ ‫يخبط خبط‬
‫ عشواء‬yakbiṭu kabṭa ‘ašwā’ he acts blindly,
thoughtlessly, at random, haphazardly
‫ عص‬aṣṣa a (‘aṣṣ, ‫‘ عصص‬aṣaṣ) to be or
become hard, harden
‫‘ عصص‬uṣaṣ, ‘uṣuṣ coccyx
‫‘ عصب‬aṣaba i (‘aṣb) to wind, fold, tie, bind,
wrap (‫ ھـ على‬s.th. around or about s.th.); to
bind up, bandage (‫ ھـ‬s.th.); to fold (‫ھـ‬
s.th.); to wrap (‫ ھـ‬the head) with a brow
band, sash, or turban │ ‫( عصب الريق فاه‬rīqu
fāhu) the saliva dried in hill mouth,
clogged his mouth II to wind around, fold
around, tie around, wrap around (‫ ھـ‬s.th.);
to bind up, bandage (‫ ھـ‬s.th.); to wrap (‫ھـ‬
the head) with a brow band, sash, or
turban V to wind the turban round one’s
head, put on the turban; to apply a
bandage, bandage o.s.; to take sides, to
side (‫ ل‬،‫ مع‬with; ‫ على‬against); to cling
obdurately or fanatically (‫ ل‬to); to be
fanatic, bigoted, be a fanatic, a zealot; to
form a league, clique, group, team, gang,
or coalition, gang up, team up; to plot,
conspire, collude, connive (‫ على‬against)
VIII to form a league, clique, group, team,
gang, or coalition, gang up, team up; to go
on strike, to strike
‫‘ عصب‬aṣab pl. ‫ اعصاب‬a‘ṣāb nerve;
sinew
‫‘ عصبي‬aṣabī sinewy, nerved, nervy;
nervous, neural, nerve-, neuro-, neur- (in
compounds); nervous, high-strung │
‫ عصبي المزاج‬nervous, high-strung; ‫الجھاز‬
‫( العصبي‬jahāz) the nervous system; ‫حالة‬
‫ عصبية‬nervousness, nervosity; ~I ‫الضعف‬
‫( العصبي‬ḍu‘f) neurasthenia
‫‘ عصبية‬aṣabīya nervousness, nervosity;
-- (pl. -āt) zealous partisanship, bigotry,
fanaticism; party spirit, team spirit, esprit
de corps; tribal solidarity, racialism,
clannishness, tribalism, national
consciousness, nationalism
 ‫‘ عصبة‬aṣba pl. ‫‘ عصب‬uṣab (eg.) a black
headcloth with red or yellow border 615
‫ عصبة‬pl. -āt and ‘uṣba pl. ‫‘ عصب‬uṣab
union, league, federation, association;
group, troop, band, gang, clique; ‘aṣaba
paternal relations, relationship, agnates │
‫‘ عصبة األمم‬uṣbat al-umam the League of
Nations
‫‘ عصيب‬aṣib hot, crucial, critical (time,
stage)
‫ عصاب‬iṣāb band, ligature, dressing,
bandage
‫‘ عصابة‬iṣāba pl. ‫‘ عصائب‬aṣā’ib2 band,
ligature, dressing, bondage; headcloth,
headband, fillet; brow band, frontlet; --
(pl. -āt) union, league, federation,
association; group, troop, band, gang │
‫‘ عصابات الخطف‬i. al-kaṭf bands of robbers;
‫ حرب العصابات‬ḥarb al-‘i. guerilla war(fare)
‫ تعصب‬ta‘aṣṣub fanaticism, ardent zeal,
bigotry, fanatical enthusiasm; party spirit,
partisanship; clannishness, racialism, race
consciousness, tribalism
‫ اعتصاب‬i‘tiṣāb pl. -āt strike
‫ معصب‬muta‘aṣṣib fanatically
enthusiastic (‫ ل‬for); enthusiast, fanatic,
bigot, zealot
‫‘ عصيدة‬aṣīda a thick paste made of flour and
clarified butter
‫‘ عصر‬ṣara i (‘aṣr) to press (out), squeeze (out)
(‫ ھـ‬s.th., e.g., grapes, olives, etc.); to wring
(‫ ھـ‬s.th., esp. wet clothes); to compress (‫ھـ‬
s.th.) III to be a contemporary (‫ ه‬of s.o.);
to be contemporaneous, coeval, or
concomitant (‫ ھـ‬with) V to be pressed
(out), be squeezed (out) VII = V VIII to
press (out), squeeze (out) (‫ ھـ‬s.th., e.g.,
grapes, olives, etc.) │ ‫اعتصر جبينه‬
(jabīnahū) to knit one’s brows (pensively)
‫‘ عصر‬aṣr (act of) pressing (out),
squeezing (out); (act of) wringing (out);
(pl. ‫ اعصر‬a‘ṣur, ‫‘ عصور‬uṣūr, ‫ اعصار‬a‘ṣār)
age, era, time; period; epoch; afternoon;
(f.) afternoon prayer (Isl. Law) │ ‫العصر‬
‫( الحجري‬ḥajarī) the Stone Age; ‫العصر‬
‫ الحاضر‬the present (time), our time; ‫في كل‬
‫( عصر ومصر‬wa-maṣrin) always and
everywhere, at any time and any place
‫‘ عصرى‬aṣrī modern, recent, present,
actual, contemporary; (pl. -ūn) a
contemporary
‫‘ عصرية‬aṣrīya modernism
‫‘ عصير‬asīr that which is pressed or
squeezed out, (squeezed-out) juice, extract
(also fig.); the best, the pick, the prime of
s.th.
‫‘ عصيرة‬aṣīra (squeezed-out) juice
‫‘ عصار‬uṣār juice, sap
‫‘ عصارة‬uṣāra pl. -āt juice, sap (also
physiol.)
‫‘ عصارة‬aṣṣāra pl. -āt press, squeezer;
oil press; cane press (also ‫‘ عصارة القصب‬a.
al-qaṣab); wringer
‫‘ عصاري يوم‬aṣāriya yaumin one
afternoon
‫ اعصار‬i‘ṣār pl. ‫ اعاصير‬a‘āṣīr2
whirlwind, tornado, cyclone, hurricane │
O ‫ ضد اإلعصار‬ḍidd al-i. anticyclone
‫ معصرة‬mi‘ṣara pl. ‫ معاصر‬ma‘āṣir2 press,
squeezer; oil press; cane press
‫ معصري‬ma‘ṣarī (tun.) a brand of lamp
oil
‫ معاصر‬mu‘āṣir contemporary,
contemporaneous; a contemporary
‫‘ عصعص‬uṣ‘uṣ, ‘aṣ‘aṣ pl. ‫‘ عصاعص‬aṣā‘iṣ
coccyx
‫‘ عصف‬aṣafa i (‘aṣf, ‫‘ عصوف‬uṣūf) to storm,
rage, blow violently (wind); ‫ عصف به‬to
blow s.th. away, carry s.th. away (wind);
to shake s.o. thoroughly, through and
through
‫‘ عصف‬aṣf storming, blowing; stalk and
leaves of grain 616
‫‘ عصف‬aṣfa (n. vic.) gust of wind, blast
‫‘ عصافة‬uṣafa chaff; straw
‫‘ عاصف‬āṣif blowing violently │ ‫ريح‬
‫( عاصف‬rīḥ) or ‫ ريح عاصفة‬violent wind, gale
‫‘ عصف‬āṣifa pl. ‫‘ عواصف‬awāṣif violent
wind, gale, tempest, storm, hurricane
1
‫‘ عصفر‬uṣfur safflower (Carthamus tinctorius;
bot.); the red dyestuff prepared from its
flower heads
‫ معصفر‬mu‘aṣfar dyed with ‘uṣfur
 2
‫‘ عصفور‬ufūr pl. ‫‘ عصافير‬aṣāfīr2
sparrow; any small bird │ ‫‘ عصفور الجنة‬u.
al-janna swallow; ‫( عصفور دوري‬dūrī)
house sparrow; ‫( عصفور مغن‬mugannin)
warbler; ‫( عصفور كناري‬kanārī) canary;
‫( )ضرب )اصاب( عصفورين بحجر )واحد‬aṣāba,
‘uṣfūrraini bi-ḥajarin) to kill two birds
with one stone; ‫عصفور في اليد خير من الف على‬
‫( الشجرة‬kairun min alfin, šajara) a bird in
the hand is worth two in the bush
(proverb)
‫‘ عصفورة‬uṣfūra female sparrow; dowel,
pin, peg
‫‘ عصفورية‬uṣfūrīya (syr.) insane asylum,
madhouse
‫‘ عصل‬aṣala u (‘aṣl) to bend, twist,
warp (‫ ھـ‬s.th.); -- ‘aṣila a (‘aṣl) to be
twisted; to warp (wood)
‫‘ عصم‬aṣama i (‘aṣam) to hold back,
restrain, curb, check, prevent, hinder (‫ ه‬،‫ھـ‬
s.o., s.th.); to preserve, guard, safeguard,
protect, defend (‫ ه‬،‫ ھـ‬s.o., s.th.); to
immunize, render immune (‫ ه‬s.o., med.)
VIII to cling, keep, adhere (‫ ب‬to); to seek
shelter or refuge (‫ ب‬with, in), take refuge,
resort (‫ ب‬to) ; to keep up, maintain, guard,
preserve (‫ ب‬s.th., e.g., ‫ بالصمت‬bi-ṣ-ṣamt
silence, ‫ برباط الجأش‬bi-r. il-ja’š equanimity)
X = VIII; to resist (a temptation)
‫‘ عصمة‬iṣma hindering, hindrance,
prevention, obviation; preservation,
guarding, safeguarding; defense;
protection; chastity, purity, modesty,
virtuousness; impeccance, sinlessness,
infallibility │ ‫ صاحبة العصمة‬title of ladies
of high social standing; ‫ عصمة النكاح‬the
bond of marriage; ‫ في عصمة فالن‬under
s.o.’s custody, protection, or power;
married to s.o.; ‫ جعلت عصمتھا في يدھا‬ja‘alat
‘iṣmatahā fī yadihā she made herself
independent; she became or remained
independent; ‫ فك عصمتھا من زوجھا‬fakka
‘iṣmatahā min zaujihā to revoke the
husband’s matrimonial authority over his
wife (jur.)
‫‘ عصى‬aṣā i (‘aṣīy, ‫ معصية‬ma‘ṣiya, ‫عصيان‬
‫‘ عصام‬iṣām pl. ‫ اعصمة‬a‘ṣima, ‫عصم‬
‘uṣum, ‫‘ عصام‬iṣām strap, thong
‫‘ عصامي‬iṣāmī noble, eminent,
distinguished (due to one’s own merits, as
opposed to ‫‘ عظامي‬iẓāmī); self-made; (pl.
-ūn) self-made man
‫‘ عصامية‬iṣāmīya self-made success
‫ اعصم‬a‘ṣam2, f. ‫‘ عصماء‬aṣmā’2, pl. ‫عصم‬
‘uṣm having a white foot (animal);
excellent, valuable, precious │ ‫اندر من‬
‫( الغراب األعصم‬gurāb) rarer than a white-
footed crow (proverbially of s.th. rare)
‫ معصم‬mi‘ṣam pl. ‫ معاصم‬ma‘āṣim2 wrist
O ‫ معصم‬ma‘ṣam pl. ‫ معاصم‬ma‘āṣim2
traffic island, safety isle
‫ اعتصام‬i‘tiṣām clinging, adherence (‫ب‬
to), maintenance, preservation, guarding,
safeguarding
‫‘ عاصم‬āṣim protector, guardian
‫‘ عاصمة‬āṣima pl. ‫‘ عواصم‬awāṣim2
capital city, metropolis
‫ معصوم‬ma‘ṣūm inviolable, sacrosanct,
protected by the laws of vendetta (Isl.
Law); infallible, sinless, impeccant,
impeccable │ ‫( معصوم من الزلل‬zalal)
infallible
‫‘ )عصا )عصو‬aṣan (f.) pl. ‫‘ عصى‬uṣīy,
‘iṣīy, ‫ اعص‬a‘ṣin staff, rod; wand; stick;
617 walking stick, cane; scepter, mace;
(field marshal’s) baton │ ‫‘ عصا المارشالية‬a.
l-māršālīya field marshal’s baton; ‫لعب‬
‫ العصا‬la‘b al-‘a. (eg. = ‫ )تخطيب‬singlestick
fencing (a popular game, esp. in rural
areas); ‫( شق العصا‬šaqqa) to dissent, secede
from the community; ‫ شق عصا الطاعة‬to
rebel, revolt, renounce allegiance; ‫شق عصا‬
‫‘( القوم‬aṣā l-qaum) to sow dissension
among the people; ‫( انشقت عصاھم‬inšaqqat)
they fell out (with one another), broke
with one another
‫‘ عصاة‬aṣāh staff, rod; wand; stick
□ ‫‘ عصاية‬aṣāya staff, rod; wand; stick;
walking stick, cane
‫‘ عصية‬uṣayya little stick, little rod; O
bacillus
‘iṣyān) to disobey, resist, oppose, defy (‫ھـ‬
‫ ه‬s.o. in s.th.), refuse, or renounce, one’s
obedience (‫ ه‬،‫ ھـ‬to s.o. in s.th.), rebel,
revolt (‫ ه‬against s.o.) III = I; V to be or
become difficult, intricate, or involved
(affair) VI to be difficult, hard,
 inaccessible, or impossible (‫ على‬for s.o.);
to refuse (‫ عن‬to do s.th.) VIII = V X to
resist, oppose, withstand, defy (‫ على‬s.o.,
s.th.), revolt, rebel (‫ على‬against s.o.); to be
recalcitrant, insubordinate, rebellious; to
be difficult, hard (‫ على‬for s.o.); to be
malignant, insidious, incurable (disease);
to elude, escape, defy (‫ عن‬s.th.), be
beyond s.th. (‫( ;)عن‬of an instrument,
machine, etc.) to fail, break down (‫ على‬on
s.o.), refuse to work (‫ على‬for s.o.), fail to
operate
‫‘ عصى‬aṣīy pl. -ūn, ‫ اعصياء‬a‘ṣiyā’2 rebel;
intractable, refractory, recalcitrant │ ‫عصي‬
‫‘ النطق‬aṣīy an-nuṭq unable to speak,
incapable of speech
‫‘ عصيان‬iṣyān disobedience,
insubordination, refractoriness;
insurrection, revolt, rebellion, sedition
‫ معصية‬ma‘ṣiya disobedience,
insubordination, refractoriness;
insurrection, sedition, revolt, rebellion;
(pl. ‫ معاص‬ma‘āṣin) sin
‫ استعصاء‬isti‘ṣā’ refractoriness,
recalcitrance, obstinacy; impenetrability,
unfathomableness; difficulty; malignancy,
virulence, insidiousness; mechanical
failure, breakdown, malfunction; jam,
misfire (of a firearm)
‫‘ عاص‬āṣin pl. ‫‘ عصاة‬uṣāh disobedient,
insubordinate, rebellious, mutinous,
riotous, seditious, subversive; rebel,
insurgent; sinning, sinful
‫ متعص‬muta‘āṣṣin difficult, intricate,
implicated, involved, delicate; incurable,
irremediable
‫ مستعص‬musta‘ṣin difficult, intricate,
implicated, involved, delicate; incurable,
irremediable
‫‘ عض‬aḍḍa (1st pers. perf. ‘aḍiḍtu) a (‘aḍḍ,
‫‘ عضيض‬aḍīḍ) to grab with the teeth, bite (
‫ ب‬or ‫ على‬or ‫ ه‬,‫ ھـ‬s.o., s.th.); to bite into s.th.
(‫ ;)ھـ‬to hold on, cling, cleave (‫ ب‬to); to
torment (‫ ه‬s.o., e.g., hunger) │ ‫عضه الزمان‬
(zamānu) or ‫‘ عضه الدھر بنابه‬aḍḍahū d-
dahru bi-nābihī time, or fate, gave him a
raw deal, heaped trials and tribulations
upon him, he suffered reverses II to bite
fiercely or frequently (‫ ه‬,‫ ھـ‬s.o., s.th.)
‫‘ عض‬iḍḍ small prickly shrubs,
brambles
‫‘ عضة‬aḍḍa a bite
‫‘ عضاض‬aḍāḍ (given to) biting,
snappish, mordacious
‫‘ عضوض‬aḍūḍ (given to) biting,
snappish, mordacious
‫‘ عضب‬aḍb sharp, caustic, acid (tongue)
‫‘ عضد‬aḍada u (‘aḍd) to help, aid, assist,
support, back (‫ ه‬,‫ ھـ‬s.o., s.th.), stand up (‫ه‬
for s.o.), advocate (‫ ھـ‬s.th.) II and 618 III =
I; VI to help, assist, or support one
another, give mutual help, assistance, or
support; to work hand in hand, cooperate
‫‘ عضد‬aḍud help, aid, assistance,
support, backing; helper, aide, assistant,
supporter, backer
‫‘ عضد‬aḍud (m. and f.) pl. ‫ اعضاد‬a‘ḍād
upper arm; strength, power, vigor, force │
‫‘( شد عضده‬aḍudahū) to aid, assist s.o.,
stand by s.o.; ‫ ھو عضده المتين‬he is an
indispensable aid to him
‫ تعضيد‬ta‘ḍīd help, aid, assistance,
support, backing
‫ معاضدة‬mu‘āḍada help, aid, assistance,
support, backing
‫ تعاضد‬ta‘āḍud mutual aid, mutual
assistance, cooperation
‫ تعاضدي‬ta‘āḍudī cooperative (adj.)
‫ معضد‬mu‘aḍḍid helper, aide, assistant,
supporter, backer
‫‘ عضل‬aḍila a (‘aḍal) to be or become
muscular; -- ‘aḍala IV (‘aḍl) to prevent (‫ھا‬
a woman) from marrying IV to be or
become difficult, problematic, puzzling,
enigmatic, or mysterious (‫ ب‬or ‫ ه‬for s.o.)
│ ‫( اعضل الداء األطباء‬aṭibbā’) the disease
defied all medical skill, gave the
physicians a headache, posed a puzzling
problem for the doctors V ‫تعضل الداء األطباء‬
‫= اعضل الداء األطباء‬
‫‘ عضل‬aḍil muscular, brawny
‫‘ عضلة‬aḍala pl. -āt, ‫‘ عضل‬aḍal muscle
│ ‫ عضلة باسطة‬extensor; ‫ عضلة قابضة‬flexor
‫‘ عضلي‬aḍalī muscle-, musculo-,
muscul- (in compounds), muscular
 ‫‘ عضال‬uḍāl inveterate, chronic,
incurable (disease)
‫ معضل‬mu‘ḍil difficult, problematic,
puzzling, enigmatic, mysterious
‫ معضلة‬mu‘ḍila pl. -āt, ‫ معاضل‬ma‘āḍil2
difficulty, problem, dilemma, puzzle,
enigma
‫‘ عضاه‬iḍāh fair-sized thorny shrubs
‫‘ عضو‬uḍw pl. ‫ اعضاء‬a‘ḍā’ member, limb,
organ (of the body); member (of an
organization) │ ‫( عضو اصلي‬aṣlī) regular
member; ‫ عضو التأنيث‬pistil (bot.); ‫عضو‬
‫( احتياطي‬iḥtiyāṭī) substitute member,
alternate member; ‫ عضو التذكير‬stamen
(bot.); ‫عضو فخري‬
(fakrī) honorary member; ‫اعضاء التناسل‬
a. at-tanāsul and ‫ األعضاء الدقيقة‬the sexual
organs, the genitals; ‫( الدوا األعضاء‬duwal)
the member states; ‫‘ علم وظائف األعضاء‬ilm
w. al-a. physiology
‫‘ عضوات‬aḍawāt female members
‫‘ عضوي‬uḍwī organic; ‫ العضوي‬or ‫غير‬
‫ عضوي‬inorganic │ ‫( كتلة عضوية‬kutla)
organism
‫‘ عضوية‬uḍwīya pl. -āt membership;
organism
‫‘ عطب‬aṭiba a (‘aṭab) to perish, be
destroyed, be ruined II to ruin, destroy,
wreck, damage, injure, impair, mar, spoil (
‫ ھـ‬s.th.); to spice, mull (‫ ھـ‬s.th.); to brew,
mix (‫ ھـ‬a drink) IV to ruin, destroy, wreck,
damage, injure, impair, mar, spoil (‫ ه‬،‫ھـ‬
s.o., s.th.) V to be damaged VIII = I
‫‘ عطب‬aṭab perdition; wreck (e.g., of
ships); destruction, ruin; damage, injury
‫ تعطيب‬ta‘ṭīb damaging, ruin(ing),
wreck, destruction
‫ تعطب‬ta‘attub a suffering of damage,
impairment, ruin
‫ عطر‬II to perfume, scent (‫ ه‬،‫ ھـ‬s.o., s.th.) V to
perfume o.s.
‫‘ عطر‬iṭr pl. ‫‘ عطور‬uṭūr, ‫‘ عطورات‬uṭūrāt
perfume, scent; essence │ ‫‘ عطر الورد‬i. al-
ward attar of roses, rose oil 619
‫‘ عطر‬aṭir sweet-smelling, fragrant,
aromatic │ ‫( سمعة عطرة‬sum‘a) brilliant or
excellent reputation
‫‘ عطري‬iṭrī sweet-smelling, fragrant,
aromatic
‫‘ عطرية‬iṭrīya pl. -āt aromatic, perfume,
scent
‫‘ عطار‬aṭṭār perfumer, perfume vendor;
druggist
‫‘ عطارة‬iṭāra drug business; perfumeries;
drugs
‫‘ عطار‬aṭṭār sweet-smelling, fragrant,
aromatic │ ‫ اثنى عليه عاطر الثناء‬atnā ‘alaihi
‘āṭira t-tanā’ to extol s.o. to the skies
‫ معطر‬mu‘aṭṭar perfumed, scented
‫‘ عطارد‬uṭārid2 (the planet) Mercury
‫‘ عطس‬aṭasa i u (‘aṭs, ‫‘ عطاس‬uṭās) to sneeze II
to cause (‫ ه‬s.o.) to sneeze
‫‘ عطسة‬aṭsa (n. vic.) a sneeze
‫‘ عطس‬uṭṭāš sneezing, sneezes
‫‘ عاطوس‬āṭūs snuff (tobacco)
‫ معطس‬ma‘ṭiš pl. ‫ معاطس‬ma‘āṭis2 nose
‫‘ عطش‬aṭiša a (‘atāš) to be thirsty, to thirst; to
long, languish, thirst (‫ الى‬for) II to make
thirsty, cause to thirst (‫ ه‬,‫ ھـ‬s.o., s.th.) IV =
II; V to thirst, languish, long, yearn (‫الى‬
for)
‫‘ عطش‬aṭaš thirst
‫‘ عاطش‬āṭiš thirsty; dry, parched (soil)
‫‘ عطشان‬aṭšān2, f. ‫‘ عطشى‬aṭšā pl. ‫عطاش‬
‘iṭāš thirsty; covetous, desirous (‫ الى‬of),
languishing, yearning, craving (‫ الى‬for)
‫‘ عاطش‬āṭiš thirsty; covetous, desirous (
‫ الى‬of), languishing, yearning, craving (‫الى‬
for)
‫ متعطش‬muta‘aṭṭiš thirsty; covetous,
desirous (‫ الى‬of), languishing, yearning,
craving (‫ الى‬for)
‫‘ عطشجي‬aṭašjī pl. ‫‘ عطشجيات‬aṭašjīya stoker,
fireman
‫‘ عطعط‬aṭ‘aṭa to clamor, yell; to be uproarious,
very noisy
‫‘ عطف‬at`tafa i (‘at`tf) to bend, incline,
bow (‫ ھـ‬s.th.); to incline, lean (‫ الى‬toward,
to); to be favorably disposed (‫ على‬toward
s.o.), be attached (‫ على‬to s.o.), harbor
affection (‫ على‬for), be fond (‫ على‬of s.o.),
have or feel compassion, sympathize (‫على‬
with s.o.), feel (‫ على‬for s.o.); to turn away
(‫ عن‬from); ‫ عطف به‬to incline, dispose s.o. (
‫ على‬toward), awaken affection or
sympathy (‫ على‬for) or interest (‫ على‬in
s.th.); ‫ عطف به على‬to make s.o. appreciate
s.th., bring s.th. close to s.o.’s heart; ‫عطف‬
‫ به عن‬to dissuade, alienate s.o. from II to
fold, double, fold up (‫ ھـ‬s.th.); to make (‫ه‬
s.o.) favorably disposed; to soften s.o.’s (‫)ه‬
heart, move s.o.; to awaken affection,
sympathy, tenderness (‫ ه‬in s.o., ‫ على‬for); to
fill with affection, love, etc. (‫ ه‬s.o., ‫ھـ‬
s.o.’s heart, ‫ على‬or ‫ نحو‬for) V to be
favorably disposed (‫ على‬toward s.o.), be
attached (‫ على‬to s.o.), be fond (‫ على‬of s.o.),
have or feel compassion, sympathize (‫على‬
with s.o.), feel (‫ على‬for s.o.); to deign (‫ب‬
to do s.th.) │ ‫ تعطف بالعطاف‬to put on a coat,
wrap o.s. in a coat or cloak VI to harbor
mutual affection, be attached to one
another VII to be bent, inclined, crooked,
or curved; to bend, curve; to bow, make a
bow; to turn off (‫ الى‬toward, to), turn,
swing (‫ الى‬into a road, etc.); to be
favorably disposed (‫ على‬،‫ الى‬toward), be
attached (‫ على‬،‫ الى‬to), be fond (‫ على‬،‫ الى‬of),
have or feel compassion, sympathize (،‫الى‬
‫ على‬with), feel (‫ على‬،‫ الى‬for s.o.); to turn
away, turn around VIII = ‫اعتطف بالعطاف‬
‫ تعطف بالعطاف‬X to ask for, or seek, s.o.’s (‫)ه‬
compassion or sympathy; to entreat,
beseech, implore (‫ ه‬s.o.); to affect winning
or conciliatory manners, display affection;
to seek to conciliate, propitiate, or 620
win over (‫ خاطره‬kāṭirahū or ‫ ه‬s.o.); to seek
to be friends (‫ ه‬with s.o.); to try to attract
or win (‫ ھـ‬s.th.)
‫‘ عطف‬aṭf bond(ing), inclination,
curving, curvature; corner; sympathy (‫على‬
with), affection, attachment, liking (‫على‬
for) │ ‫ اداة )حرف( العطف‬adāt (ḥarf) al-‘a.
conjunction (gram.); ‫‘ عطف البيان‬a. al-
bayān explicative apposition (gram.)
‫‘ عطف‬iṭf pl. ‫ اعطاف‬a‘ṭāf side (of the
body) │ ‫ لين األعطاف‬layyin al-a. tractable,
docile, pliant; ‫( ترنحت األعطاف‬tarannaḥat)
they were carried away, became ecstatic;
‫ ضم بين أعطافه‬to combine, encompass,
comprise s.th.
‫‘ عطفة‬aṭfa turn, turning, twist, curve,
bend; (pl. -āt, ‫‘ عطف‬uṭaf) blind alley, dead
and (eg.)
‫‘ عطاف‬iṭāf pl. ‫‘ عطف‬uṭuf, ‫ اعطفة‬a‘ṭifa
coat, cloak
‫‘ عطوف‬aṭūf compassionate,
sympathetic, affectionate, loving, tender,
kind
‫‘ عطوفة‬uṭūfa affection, attachment,
benevolence, good will; (as an honorific
title before the name = ‫ صاحب العطوفة‬His
Grace
‫ معطف‬mi‘ṭaf pl. ‫ معاطف‬ma‘āṭif2 coat,
overcoat; smock, frock │ ‫معطف مشمع‬
(mušamma‘) (impregnated) raincoat; ‫معطف‬
‫ فرو‬m. farw fur coat
‫ انعطاف‬in‘iṭāf inclination, bind(ing),
curving, curvature; sympathy,
compassion; liking, attachment, affection
‫ استعطاف‬isti‘ṭāf imploring, entreaty,
earnest supplication; tender affection;
conciliatory attitude
‫‘ عاطف‬āṭif compassionate, sympathetic,
affectionate, loving, tender, kind │ ‫حرف‬
‫( عاطف‬ḥarf) conjunction (gram.)
‫‘ عاطفة‬āṭifa pl. ‫‘ عواطف‬awāṭif2 amorous
affection; affectionate benevolence,
solicitude, sympathy, compassion,
affection, attachment, liking, kind(li)ness;
feeling, sentiment
‫‘ عاطفي‬āṭifī sentimental; emotional;
emotive, feeling; tender, affectionate,
loving
‫‘ عاطفية‬āṭifīya sentimentality;
emotionalism, emotionality
‫ منعطف‬mun‘aṭaf pl. -āt (road) turn,
curve; turn, turning, winding, tortuosity,
twist, bend; lane, alley, narrow street
‫ عطف‬musta‘ṭaf imploring, beseeching,
supplicatory; tender, affectionate
‫‘ عطل‬aṭala a (‘aṭal) to he destitute, he
devoid (‫ من‬of s.th.), lack (‫ من‬s.th.); to be
idle, not to work, rest; to he without work,
he unemployed II to leave without care, to
neglect (‫ ه‬،‫ ھـ‬s.o., s.th.); to leave without
work, leave idle (‫ ھـ ه‬s.o. s.th.); to hinder,
hamper, impede, obstruct (‫ ھـ‬s.th.); to
interrupt, suspend, defer, discontinue, stop
(‫ ھـ‬s.th., esp. some activity); to ban
temporarily, suspend (‫ ھـ‬s.th., esp.
publication of a newspaper); to damage
(gravely), destroy, ruin, wreck, paralyze,
neutralize, put out of service or
commission, lay up; put out of action,
make inoperative (‫ ھـ‬s.th.); to stop, shut
off (‫ ھـ‬s.th., e.g., a motor); to shut down,
keep closed (‫ ھـ‬s.th., e.g., an office) V to
remain without work or employment; to
he or become unemployed (also ‫تعطل عن‬
‫ ;)العمل‬to be or become idle, inactive; to be
hindered, hampered, impeded, obstructed,
delayed, suspended, deferred, or
interrupted; to stop, stall (motor,
machine); to fail (apparatus); to he
(gravely) damaged. be or be put out of
action or commission; to be shut down, be
or remain closed; to he no longer valid, be
ineffective (statutes)
‫‘ عطل‬uṭl destitute, devoid (‫ من‬of s.th.);
impairedness, defectiveness, (gravely)
damaged state; damage, loss 621
‫‘ عطل‬aṭal unemployment
‫‘ عطلة‬uṭla unemployment, also ‫عطلة عن‬
‫( الشغل‬šugl); leisure, holidays, vacation(s),
recess; (pl. -āt, ‫‘ عطل‬uṭal) holiday, off
day, free day │ ‫( عطلة رسمية‬rasmīya)
official, or legal, holiday; ‫ايام العطالت الرسمية‬
(ayyām al-‘u.) official, or legal, holidays;
‫‘ عطلة األسبوع‬u. al-usbū‘ weekend; ‫عطلة‬
‫( قضائية‬qaḍā’īya) court recess (jur.); ‫عطلة‬
‫‘ نھاية األسبوع‬u. nihāyat al-usbū‘ weekend
‫‘ عطالة‬aṭāla unemployment
‫ تعطيل‬ta‘ṭīl hindering, obstruction,
hampering; discontinuance, interruption,
deferment, suspension (of some activity);
temporary ban, suspension (of a
newspaper); impairment, damaging,
destruction, ruining, wrecking, injury;
paralyzation, neutralization, stoppage
(e.g., of traffic); stopping, shutting-off (of
a motor); shutdown, closure (of an office);
a theological concept denying God all
attributes (as opposed to tašbīš; theol.) │
‫ تعطيل حركة المرور‬t. ḥarakat al-murūr
traffic congestion
‫ تعطل‬ta‘aṭṭul unemployment; inactivity,
idleness; (mechanical) failure, breakdown;
standstill │ ‫‘( تعطل عن العمل‬amal)
unemployment
‫‘ عاطل‬āṭil destitute, devoid (‫ من‬of s.th.);
inactive. idle, out of work, jobless,
unemployed; an unemployed person;
useless │ ‫‘( عضو عاطل‬uḍw) functionless
organ (biol.)
‫‘ عواطل‬awāṭil2 vacations, holidays
‫ معطل‬mu‘aṭṭil one who denies God all
attributes (theol.)
‫ معطل‬mu‘ṭṭal inactive, idle, out of work,
jobless, unemployed; inoperative, out of
action, service, or commission, shut-
down; stopped, shut-off (motor); closed
(office)
‫‘ عطن‬aṭan i u (‘aṭn) to soak (‫ الجلد‬al-
jilda the skin or hide so as to remove the
hair, in tanning); to macerate (‫ الكتان‬al-
kattāna the flax); -- ‘aṭina a (‘aṭan) to rot,
decay, putrefy (skin, hide, in tanning) II =
I ‘aṭana
‫‘ عطن‬aṭan resting place of camels near
a waterhole │ ‫ ضيق العطن‬ḍayyiq al-‘a.
narrow-minded, parochial; ‫ رحب العطن‬raḥb
al-‘a. broad-minded
‫‘ عطن‬aṭin putrid, rotten, stinking
‫‘ عطين‬aṭīn putrid, rotten, stinking
‫‘ عطان‬iṭān tanbark
‫ عطو‬III to give (‫ ھـ ه‬to s.o. s.th.) IV to give (‫ھـ‬
‫ ل‬or ‫ ه‬to s.o. s.th.); to present, hand over,
offer (‫ ھـ ه‬to s.o. s.th.); to grant, award,
accord (‫ ھـ ه‬to s.o. s.th.); to present (‫ھـ ه‬
s.o. with s.th.), bestow (‫ ھـ ه‬upon s.o.
s.th.); pass. u‘ṭiya to get, obtain, receive (
‫ ھـ‬s.th.) │ ‫ اعطى دروسا‬to give lessons; ‫اعطى‬
‫( اقواله‬aqwālahū) to give evidence, give
one’s testimony (jur.); ‫اعطى له الكلمة‬
(kalimata) to allow s.o. to speak; ‫اعطاه بيده‬
(bi-yadihī) to surrender or submit to s.o. V
to ask for charity, ask for alms (‫ ه‬s.o.); to
beg VI to take (‫ ھـ‬s.th.); to swallow, take (
‫ ھـ‬a medicine); to take over, assume,
undertake, take upon o.s. (‫ ھـ‬a task); to
occupy o.s., be occupied or buoy (‫ ھـ‬with
s.th.), be engaged (‫ ھـ‬in s.th.), pursue,
practice (‫ ھـ‬an activity) X = V
‫‘ عطا‬aṭan gift, present
‫‘ عطاء‬aṭā’ pl. a‘tiys gift, present; (pl.
-āt) offer, tender │ ‫( قدم عطاء‬qaddama) to
make an offer or tender
‫‘ عطية‬aṭīya pl. ‫‘ عطايا‬aṭāyā gift, present
 ‫ معاطاة‬mu‘āṭāh exercise, practice,
pursuit (of an activity)
‫ اعطاء‬i‘ṭā’ donation; presentation,
grant(ing), award(ing)
‫ تعاط‬ta‘āṭin pursuit, practice (of an
activity) 622
‫ استعطاء‬isti‘ṭā’ begging, mendicity
‫ معط‬mu‘ṭin giver, donor
‫ معطى‬mu‘ṭan given; (pl. -āt) given
quantity (math.)
‫ مستعط‬musta‘ṭin beggar
‫ عظل‬III ‫( عاظل الكالم‬kalāma) to be repetitious in
one’s speech, use tautologisms, repeat o.s.
in speaking
‫‘ عظم‬aẓuma u (‘iẓam, ‫‘ عظامة‬aẓāma) to be or
become great, big, large, grand, grandiose,
magnificent, imposing, powerful, or
mighty; to be huge, vast, enormous,
tremendous, immense, stupendous; to be
hard, distressing, painful, agonizing, or
oppressive (‫ على‬for s.o.) II to make, or
cause to become, great(er), big(ger),
large(r), (more) grandiose, (more)
imposing, (more) magnificent, mighty or
mightier, (more) powerful (‫ ه‬،‫ ھـ‬s.o. s.th.),
enhance the greatness, grandeur,
magnificence, power, or might (‫ ه‬،‫ ھـ‬of
s.o., of s.th.); to enlarge, enhance, magnify
(‫ ھـ‬s.th.); to aggrandize, glorify, extol,
exalt (‫ ه‬،‫ ھـ‬s.o., s.th.) IV = II; to attach
great importance (‫ ھـ‬to s.th.); to regard (‫ھـ‬
s.th.) as huge, vast, tremendous,
enormous, immense, or stupendous; to
find (‫ ھـ‬s.th.) hard, distressing, or
oppressive V to be proud (‫ ب‬of s.th.); to
boast (‫ ب‬of), vaunt, flaunt (‫ ب‬s.th.); to he
arrogant, presumptuous, haughty VI to be
proud, arrogant, presumptuous, haughty,
supercilious; to be great, grand, grandiose,
imposing, huge, prodigious; to equal in
weight, significance or importance (‫ھـ‬
s.th.); to be weighty, grave, serious,
portentous (‫ ه‬for s.o.) │ ‫ال يتعاظمه شأن العدو‬
(ša’nu l-‘adūw) the enemy’s importance
does not unduly impress him X to be
proud, arrogant, presumptuous, haughty,
supercilious; to regard as great,
significant, or important (‫ ھـ‬s.th.)
‫‘ عظم‬aẓm pl. ‫ اعظم‬a‘ẓum, ‫‘ عظام‬iẓām
bone │ ‫ عظم الساق‬shinbone; ‫مسحوق العظام‬
bone meal; ‫ لين العظام‬līn al-‘i. softening of
the bones, osteomalacia
‫‘ عظمي‬aẓmī bone-, osteo- (in
compounds) osseous, bony
‫‘ عظم‬iẓam, ‘uẓm greatness, magnitude,
grandeur, power, might; significance,
importance
‫‘ عظمة‬aẓma piece of bone; bone
‫‘ عظمة‬aẓama majesty; pride, arrogance,
haughtiness; exaltedness, sublimity,
augustness │ ‫ صاحب العظمة‬His Majesty;
His Highness; ‫‘ عظمة السلطان‬a. as-sulṭān
His Highness, the Sultan
‫‘ عظموت‬aẓamūt greatness, magnitude,
grandeur, power, might
‫‘ عظيم‬aẓīm pl. ‫‘ عظماء‬uẓamā’2, ‫عظام‬
‘iẓām, ‫‘ عظائم‬aẓā’im2 great, big, large;
strong, powerful, mighty; significant,
important; grand, grandiose, imposing,
stately, magnificent; lofty, exalted, august,
sublime, splendid, gorgeous, glorious,
superb; huge, vast, prodigious, enormous,
tremendous, immense, stupendous; hard,
distressing, gruesome, trying, oppressive
│ ‫( فرصة عظيمة‬furṣa) golden opportunity;
‫ عظائم األمور‬great or terrible things; ‫العظماء‬
‫( والكبراء‬kubarā’) the great of the world
‫‘ عظيمة‬aẓīma pl. ‫‘ عظائم‬aẓā’im2 a
prodigious, terrible thing; great
misfortune, calamity, disaster
‫‘ عظامي‬iẓāmī of noble descent,
highborn, aristocratic, noble, blue-
blooded, of or pertaining to nobility;
aristocrat, nobleman
‫ اعظم‬a‘ẓam2, f. ‫‘ عظمى‬uẓmā, pl. ‫اعاظم‬
a‘āẓim2 greater, bigger; mare significant,
more important; greatest, major, supreme;
most significant, paramount │ ‫اعاظم رجال‬
‫ مصر‬a. r. miṣr the most outstanding men
623 of Cairo; ‫ جريمة عظمى‬capital crime;
‫( الحرب العظمى‬ḥarb) World War I; ‫السواد‬
‫( األعظم‬sawād) the great mass, the great
majority, the major portion (of the
people); ‫( الصدر األعظم‬ṣadr) (formerly:)
title of the Grand Vizier of the Ottoman
Empire (Ott.-Turk.: ṣadr-i a‘ẓam)
 ‫ تعظيم‬ta‘ẓīm aggrandizement,
glorification, exaltation; military salute
‫ معظم‬mu‘aẓẓam glorified, exalted,
revered, venerated; sublime, august (esp.
of rulers); splendid, gorgeous, glorious,
magnificent, resplendent; bony; ossified
‫ معظم‬mu‘aẓzam most of (them), the
majority, major part or portion (of), main
part; maximum │ ‫ في معظمه‬mostly, for the
moot part, largely
‫ متعاظم‬muta‘āẓim proud, arrogant,
presumptuous, haughty, supercilious
‫‘ عظة‬iẓa see ‫وعظ‬
‫‘ عف‬affa i (‫‘ عفة‬iffa, ‫‘ عفاف‬afāf) to refrain,
abstain (‫ عن‬from s.th. forbidden or
indecent); to be abstinent, continent,
virtuous, chaste, modest, decent, pure V =
I; to shrink (‫ عن‬from), be shy (‫ عن‬of), be
ashamed
‫‘ عف‬aff chute, modest, virtuous, pure;
decent; honest, upright, righteous
‫‘ عفة‬iffa abstinence, continence,
virtuousness, virtue, chastity, decency;
purity; modesty; integrity, probity,
honesty, uprightness, righteousness
‫‘ عفاف‬afāf = ‫‘ عفة‬iffa
‫‘ عفيف‬afīf pl. ‫ اعفاء‬a‘fā’2, ‫ اعفة‬a‘iffa
chaste, modest, virtuous, pure; decent;
honest, upright, righteous
‫ اعف‬a‘aff2 chaster, more virtuous; more
decent, of greater integrity
‫ تعفف‬ta‘affuf abstinence, continence,
chastity, modesty; restraint
‫ متعفف‬muta‘affif chute, modest,
virtuous, pure; decent; honest, upright
righteous
‫‘ عفر‬afara i (‘afr) to cover with dust, to
soil, begrime (also ‫ بالتراب‬bi-t-turāb; ‫ ه‬،‫ھـ‬
s.o., s.th.) II = I; to dust, sprinkle with dust
or powder (‫ ھـ‬s.th.); to glean
‫‘ عفر‬afar pl. ‫ اعفار‬a‘far dust
‫‘ عفر‬ufār (eg.) duet
O ‫‘ عفارة‬afāra pl. -āt spray, atomizer
2 2
‫ اعفر‬a‘far , f. ‫‘ عفراء‬afrā’ dust-colored,
earth-colored
‫ يعفور‬ya‘fūr pl. ‫ يعافير‬ya‘āfīr2
earthcolored gazelle
‫ تعفير‬ta‘fīr (act of) dusting, sprinkling
with dust or powder
‫ عفرت‬II ta‘frata to behave like a demon
or devil
‫‘ عفريت‬ifrīt pl. ‘afārīt2 malicious,
mischievous; sly, cunning, crafty, wily;
afreet, demon, imp, devil; (eg.) naughty
child │ ‫( ولد عفريت‬walad) mischievous
child, good-for-nothing, ne’er-do-well
(eg.)
‫‘ عفريتة‬afrīta (lifting) jack (eg.)
‫‘ عفرتة‬afrata devilry; dirty trick
‫‘ عفارم‬afārim (eg.) bravo! well done!
‫’عفش‬afaša i (‘afš) to gather, collect, heap up,
amass (‫ ھـ‬s.th.)
‫‘ عفش‬afš refuse, rubbish, trash, junk;
luggage, baggage; household effects,
furniture
‫‘ عفاشة‬afāša: ‫ عفاشة من الناس‬worthless
people
‫‘ عفص‬afṣ, galls, gallnuts, oak apples
‫‘ عفص‬afṣ sharp, pungent, acrid,
astringent and bitter (of taste)
‫‘ عفوصة‬ufūṣa sharpness, pungency,
acridity, astringence (of taste) 624
‫‘ عفن‬afina a (‘afan, ‫‘ عفونة‬ufūna) to rot, decay,
putrefy, spoil; to be rotten, decayed, putrid
spoiled; to be or become moldy, musty,
mildewy, decomposed V = I
‫‘ عفن‬afan rottenness, putridity, decay,
spoiledness
‫‘ عفن‬afin rotten, putrid, decayed,
decomposed, spoiled, moldy, musty,
mildewy; septic │ ‫( الحمى العفنة‬ḥummā)
putrid fever
‫‘ عفونة‬ufūna rottenness, putridity,
decay, spoiledness
‫ تعفن‬ta‘affun rottenness, putridity,
decay, spoiledness
‫ معفن‬mu‘affan rotten, putrid, decayed,
decomposed, spoiled, moldy, musty
mildewy; septic
 ‫ متعفن‬muta‘affin rotten, putrid, decayed,
decomposed, spoiled, moldy, musty,
mildewy; septic
‫‘ )عفا )عفو‬afā u (‘afw, ‫‘ عفاء‬afā) to be or
become effaced, obliterated, wiped out,
eliminated; -- ‘afā u (‘afw) to efface,
obliterate, wipe out, eliminate (‫ عن‬or ‫ھـ‬
s.th.); to forgive (‫ عن‬s.o.); to excuse, free,
relieve, exempt (‫ عن ل‬s.o. from s.th.); to
desist, abstain, refrain (‫ عن‬from) II to
efface, obliterate, wipe out, eliminate (‫على‬
or ‫ ھـ‬s.th.) III and IV to restore to health,
heal, cure (‫ ه‬s.o.); to guard (‫ عن‬or ‫ من ه‬s.o.
against), protect, save (‫ عن‬or ‫ من ه‬s.o.
from); to free, release, relieve, exempt,
except (‫ ه‬،‫ ھـ‬s.o., s.th. ‫ عن‬or ‫ من‬from),
excuse, dispense (‫ عن‬or ‫ من ه‬s.o. from
s.th.) IV to dismiss, discharge, fire, depose
(‫ ه‬s.o.) VI to recuperate, recover, regain
health VIII to call on s.o. (‫ )ه‬in order to
obtain s.th. X to ask s.o.’s (‫ )ه‬pardon, ask
for a reprieve (‫ ه‬s.o.); to request (‫ ه‬of s.o.)
exemption (‫ من‬from s.th.); to tender one’s
resignation (‫ من‬from an office); to resign (
‫ من‬from an office)
‫‘ عفو‬afw effacement, obliteration,
elimination; pardon, forgiveness; waiver
of punishment (Isl. Law); amnesty (‫عن‬
for); boon, kindness, favor; surplus; ‫عفوا‬
‘afwan I beg your pardon! excuse me! (in
reply to “thank you”) you’re welcome!
don’t mention it!; of one’s own accord, by
o.s., spontaneously; casually; without
design, in passing, incidentally I
(‫‘( شامل( عفو عام‬āmm) amnesty (‫ عن‬for);
‫( حق العفو عن العقوبة‬ḥaqq al-‘a., ‘uqūba)
right of granting pardon (jur.); ‫عفو الخاطر‬
‘afwa l-kāṭir spontaneously,
unhesitatingly, casually
‫‘ عفو‬afw pl. ‫‘ عفاء‬afā’ young donkey
‫‘ عفوي‬afwī spontaneous
‫‘ عفي‬afīy (eg.) strong, vigorous, husky,
robust
‫‘ عفاء‬afā’ effacement, obliteration,
extinction, ruin, fall; dust │ ‫ادركه العفاء‬
adrakahū l-‘afā’u to fall into disuse, pass
out of use; ‫ عليه العفاء‬it’s all over with him,
he is done for
‫ معافاة‬muāfāh exemption, excuse,
dispensation
‫ اعفاء‬i‘fā’ exemption (from a fee, and
the like), excuse, dispensation; remission
(of punishment); discharge, dismissal
(from an office)
‫ استعفاء‬isti‘fā’ request for pardon;
excuse, apology; resignation (‫ من‬from an
office)
‫‘ عاف‬āfin effaced, obliterated, wiped
out, eliminated
‫‘ عافية‬āfiya (good) health, well-being;
vigor, vitality
‫ معافى‬mu‘āfan exempt(ed), free,
excused, dispensed (‫ من‬from); healthy
‫‘ عق‬aqqa u (‘aqq) to cleave, split, rip, rend (‫ھـ‬
s.th.); -- ‘aqqa u (‫‘ عقوق‬uqūq) to be
disobedient, disrespectful, undutiful, 625
refractory, recalcitrant (‫ اباه‬abāhu or ‫والده‬
wālidahū toward his father, of a child)
‫‘ عق‬aqq disobedient, disrespectful,
undutiful, refractory, recalcitrant (child)
‫‘ عقيق‬aqīq (coll.; n. un. ‫ )ة‬pl. ‫عقائق‬
‘aqā’iq2 carnelian; (pl. ‫ اعقة‬a‘iqqa)
canyon, gorge, ravine
‫‘ عقيقي‬aqīqī carnelian-red
‫‘ عقوق‬uqūq disobedience, unruliness,
refractoriness, recalcitrance (of a child)
‫ اعق‬a‘aqq2 more irreverent, more
disrespectful, naughtier │ ‫ما اعقك‬
(a‘aqqaka) how irreverent you are!
‫‘ عاق‬āqq disobedient, disrespectful,
undutiful, refractory, recalcitrant (child)
‫‘ عقب‬aqaba u (‘aqb) to follow (‫ ه‬،‫ ھـ‬s.o., s.th.
or after s.o., after s.th.), succeed (‫ ه‬،‫ ھـ‬s.o.,
s.th.); to come after, ensue; to continue II
to follow (‫ ه‬،‫ ھـ‬s.o., s.th. or after s.o., after
s.th.), succeed (‫ ه‬،‫ ھـ‬s.o., s.th.); to pursue,
follow, trail (‫ ه‬،‫ ھـ‬s.o., s.th.); to expose,
compromise, show up (‫ على‬s.o.); to revise,
correct, rectify, amend; to review
critically, criticize (‫ على‬s.th.), comment (
‫ على‬on s.th.) │ ‫ عقب آثاره‬to tread in s.o.’s
footsteps III to alternate, take turns (‫ ه‬with
s.o.); to punish (‫ على‬or ‫ ب ه‬s.o. for) IV to
follow (‫ ھـ ه‬s.o., s.th. or after s.o., after
s.th.), succeed (‫ ه‬،‫ ھـ‬s.o., s.th.); to come
after, ensue; to have for son (‫ ه‬s.o.), be the
father (‫ ه‬of a son); to have as offspring,
have sired (‫ ه‬s.o.); to revert from evil to
good, mend one’s ways, reform; to end
well, succeed, V to pursue, follow, trail (
‫ ه‬،‫ ھـ‬s.o., s.th.) VI to be successive or
consecutive, succeed one another, follow
one after the other; to dart one by one (‫على‬
upon), launch successive attacks, act
successively, embark successively (‫على‬
upon)
‫‘ عقب‬aqib, ‘aqb pl. ‫ اعقاب‬a‘qāb heal;
last part of s.th., end; that which follows
subsequently or ensues, subsequence
(with foll. genit.); grandson; offspring,
progeny; ‘aqiba (prep.) immediately after,
subsequent to │ ‫‘( جاء عقبه‬aqibahū) or ‫جاء‬
‫ جاء في عقبه‬,‫ بعقبه‬he came closely after him;
‫‘ على عقب‬alā ‘aqibi immediately after ...;
‫‘( رجع )عاد( على عقبيه‬aqibaihi) pl. ‫رجعوا‬
‫ )عادوا( على اعقابھم‬to retrace one’s steps,
turn back; ‫( رده على عقبيه‬raddahū) pl. ‫ردھم‬
‫ على اعقابھم‬to drive s.o. back to where he
came from; ‫( ارتد على عقبيه‬irtadda) pl. ‫ارتدوا‬
‫ على اعقابھم‬to withdraw, retreat; ‫رأسا على‬
‫( عقب‬ra’san) head over heels, topsy-turvy,
upside down; from the ground up,
radically; ‫( ظھرا على عقب‬ẓahran) do.; ‫في‬
‫( اعقاب الشھر‬a. iš-šahr) at the end of the
month; ‫ اعقاب الصلوات‬a. aṣ-ṣalawāt
(supererogatory) prayers performed after
the prescribed salat; ‫ في اعقاب الليلة‬at
daybreak, immediately after night was
over
‫‘ عقب‬uqb pl. ‫ اعقاب‬a‘qāb end, outcome,
upshot; issue, effect, result, consequence;
rest, remnant, remainder; (cigarette, etc.)
end, butt, stub (of a pencil, of a candle, of
a check, etc.); counterfoil
‫‘ عقب‬aqaba pl. ‫‘ عقاب‬iqāb steep road or
track, steep incline; pass, mountain road;
‫ العقبة‬or ‫ قلعة العقبة‬qal‘at al-‘a. ‫ھـ‬qaba
(seaport in SW Jordan): (pl. -āt, ‫عقاب‬
‘iqāb) obstacle; difficulty │ ‫وقف عقبة دون‬
(‘aqabatan) to stand in the way of s.th.,
obstruct s.th.
‫‘ عقيب‬aqīb one who, or that which,
succeeds or is subsequent; following,
subsequent │ ‫‘( عقيب ذلك‬aqība) thereafter,
afterwards, subsequently
‫‘ عقاب‬uqāb (usually f.) pl. ‫ اعقب‬a‘qub,
‫‘ عقبان‬iqbān eagle; ‫العقاب ھـ‬quila (astron.)
‫‘ عقابي‬uqābī eagle, (in compounds),
aquiline
‫‘ عقيب‬uqayyib a small eagle, Eaglet 626
‫‘ عقوبة‬uqūba pl. -āt punishment,
penalty; pl. punitive measures, sanctions
│ ‫( عقوبات اقتصادية‬iqtiṣādīya) economic
sanctions; ‫ قانون العقوبات‬penal code
‫‘ عقوبي‬uqūbī penal, punitive
‫‘ عقبى‬uqbā end, outcome, upshot; issue,
effect, result, consequence
‫ يعقوب‬ya‘qūb2 Jacob, James; ya‘qūb (pl.
‫ يعاقيب‬ya‘āqīb2) male mountain quail
(zool.) │ ‫ لحاجة في نفس يعقوب‬li-hājatin fī
nafsi y. for some unknown reason, from
secret motives
‫ يعقوبي‬ya‘qūbī pl. ‫ يعاقبة‬ya‘āqiba a
Jacobite, an adherent of Jacob Baradai;
Jacobite (adj.; Chr.)
‫ تعقيب‬ta‘qīb pl. -āt pursuit, chase;
investigation; comment(ing); appeal (of a
sentence, jur.) │ ‫ دائرة التعقيب‬court of
review, appellate court (Tun.)
‫ معاقبة‬mu‘āqaba infliction of
punishment, punishment; pl. ‫معاقبات‬
sanctions (pol.)
‫‘ عقاب‬iqāb infliction of punishment,
punishment; penalty
‫‘ عقابي‬iqābī penal, punitive
‫ تعقب‬ta‘aqqub pl. -āt pursuit, chase;
investigation
‫ تعاقب‬ta‘āqub succession │ ‫على تعاقب‬
‫ العصور‬in the course of centuries
‫‘ عاقب‬āqib: ‫ على العاقب‬successively
‫ عاقبة‬aqiba pl. ‫‘ عواقب‬awāqib2 end,
outcome, upshot; issue, effect, result,
consequence │ ‫ سليم العاقبة‬benign (disease)
‫ معاقب‬mu‘āqib alternate; punisher
‫ متعاقب‬muta‘āqib successive,
consecutive, uninterrupted, continuous
‫‘ عقد‬aqada i (‘aqd) to knit, knot, tie (‫ھـ‬
s.th.) to fasten with a knot (‫ ھـ‬s.th.); to put
together, join, fold, lock (‫ ھـ‬one’s hands,
and the like); to contract (‫ ھـ‬the brows,
and the like); to fix (‫ ھـ‬one’s eyes, ‫ ب‬on);
to arch, vault (‫ ھـ‬a structure); to hold,
convene, convoke, summon, call (‫ ھـ‬s.th.,
e.g., a session, a meeting); to conclude (‫ھـ‬
a contract), effect (‫ ھـ‬a transaction, a sale);
to contract (‫ ھـ‬a loan) │ ‫‘ عقد امال على‬aqada
amalan) to pin, or set, one’s hope(s) on ...;
‫( عقد جبھته‬jabhatahū) to knit, or wrinkle,
one’s brows, frown; ‫عقد محادثة‬
(muḥādatatan) to strike up a conversation;
‫‘( عقد خطبتھا على‬uqida kiṭbatuhā) she
became engaged to; (‫عقد الخنصر )الخناصر‬
‫( على‬kinṣir, kanāṣir) to give s.th. top-
rating because of its excellence, put s.th.
above everything else; ‫( عقد زواجا‬zawājan)
to contract a marriage; ‫عقد العزم )العزيمة( على‬
(‘azma) to make up one’s mind to do s.th.,
be (firmly) determined to do s.th.; ‫عقد لسانه‬
to silence s.o.; ‫ عقد لواء الشيء‬to found, start,
originate, launch, produce, kindle,
provoke s.th.; ‫السفينة المعقود لھا لواء القيادة‬
(liwā’u l-q.) the flagship; ‫البارحة المعقود‬
‫( لواؤھا لالميرال‬liwā’uhā li-l-amīrāl) the
admiral’s flagship; ‫( عقد ناصيته‬nāṣiyatahū)
= ‫( عقد جبھته؛ عقد نطاقا‬niṭāqan) to form a
cordon (‫ حوله‬around s.o.); ‫عقد النية على‬
(nīyata) to resolve, make up one’s mind to
do s.th., decide on s.th.; ‫عقد له لواء المجد‬
‫‘ ))النصر‬uqida lahū liwā’u l-majd (n-naṣr)
approx.: he was awarded the laurel of
fame (of victory); ‫‘( عقد على المرأة‬alā l-
mar’a) to marry a woman II to knit
(tightly), knot, tie (‫ ھـ‬s.th.); to pile up,
mass together (‫ ھـ‬e.g., clouds), cluster (‫ھـ‬
e.g., vapors, steam); to complicate, make
difficult, intricate, or tangled ‫( ھـ‬s.th.) II
and IV to congeal, coagulate, clot,
thicken, inspissate (‫ ھـ‬s.th., esp. by
boiling) V to be knit (together), knotted,
tied with knots; to be or become intricate
or complicated; to congeal, coagulate,
clot, thicken; to gather (of clouds, 627
etc.) │ ‫( تعقد لسانه‬lisānuhū) to express o.s.
with difficulty, speak laboringly; to be
unable to speak, be tongue-tied VI to be
interknit, interknotted, interjoined,
interlinked; to make a contract; to reach
agreement, come to mutual agreement (
‫ على‬on, about) VII to be knit (together),
knotted, tied with knots, entangled; to
contract, become contracted (e.g., brows);
to be inhibited (tongue); to congeal,
coagulate, clot, thicken; to be concluded
(contract), be effected (sale); to convene,
assemble, meet (a committee, a
conference, and the like) │ ‫االجماع منعقد على‬
‫( ان‬ijmā‘) there is general conviction
that ...; ‫( لم ينعقد له زھر وال ثمر‬zahr, tamar) to
remain without blossom and fruit, be
without any effect and consequence VIII
to believe (firmly) (s.th., ‫ ب‬in)
‫‘ عقد‬aqd knitting, knotting, tying;
joining, junction, looking; holding,
summoning, convocation (of a session, of
a meeting); conclusion (of a contract, of a
sale); contraction (of a loan, and the like);
-- (pl. ‫‘ عقود‬uqūd) contract, agreement,
arrangement; legal act, legal transaction;
document, deed; vault, arah; group of ten,
half-score; decade, decennium │ ‫عقد الفي‬
(alfī) millennium; ‫‘ عقد الزواج‬a. az-zawāj
contraction of marriage, marriage;
marriage certificate; ‫ عقد القران‬contraction
of marriage, marriage; ‫‘ عقد الملكية‬a. al-
milkīya title deed; ‫( انفرط عقدھم‬infaraṭa)
they broke up, they went their own ways
‫‘ عقد‬iqd pl. ‫‘ عقود‬uqūd chaplet, necklace
│ ‫ واسطة العقد‬center, focus, highlight, chief
attraction, pièce de résistance
‫‘ عقدة‬uqda pl. ‫‘ عقد‬uqad knot (also =
nautical mile); inch; joint (anat.); splice;
knot, knur, knob, swelling, nodule, node,
protuberance, excrescence, outgrowth;
compact, covenant, contract; problem,
difficulty; puzzle, riddle; complex
(psychol.)
‫‘ عقاد‬aqqād a producer and seller of
cords, braiding and tassels, maker of
trimmings
‫‘ عقادة‬iqāda manufacture of trimmings,
braiding, etc.
‫‘ عقيد‬aqīd pl. ‫‘ عقداء‬uqadā’2 contracting
party, contractant, contractor; a military
rank, approx.: lieutenant colonel (Ir.);
colonel (mil., U.A.R.)
‫‘ عقيدة‬aqīda pl. ‫‘ عقائد‬aqā’id2 article of
faith, tenet, doctrine; dogma; creed, faith,
belief; conviction; O ideology │ ‫عقيدة‬
‫( خرافية‬kurāfīya) superstition; ‫في عقيدتي‬
according to my conviction, as I believe
‫‘ عقائدي‬aqā’idī O ideological
‫اعقد‬a‘qad2 (elative) knottier, more
knotted; more complicated, more difficult;
-- a‘qad2, f. ‫‘ عقداء‬aqdā’ knotty, knotted,
guarded │ ‫‘( عصا عقداء‬aṣan) knotty stick,
brier cane
 ‫ معقد‬ma‘qid pl. ‫ معاقد‬ma‘āqid2 piece
where s.th. is knotted or tied in a knot or
knots; point where s.th. joins or meets, a
junction, a juncture, a joint, a seam │ ‫معقد‬
the object on which s.o. pins his hopes; ‫ال‬
‫( يأخذ الكرى بمعقد جفنه‬karā bi-m. jafnihī) no
slumber closed his lids
‫ تعقيد‬ta‘qīd complication, entanglement,
involvement; complicatedness, intricacy;
complexity, tangledness; pl. -āt intricate,
complicated problems
‫ تعقد‬ta‘aqqud complicatedness,
complexity, intricacy
‫ انعقاد‬in‘iqād meeting, convening,
session (of a committee, and the like) │
‫ دور االنعقاد‬daur al-in. session, term (parl.)
‫ اعتقاد‬i‘tiqād (firm) belief, faith, trust,
confidence, conviction; -- (pl. -āt)
(religious) creed, faith; article of faith;
principle of faith, tenet; doctrine; dogma
628
‫ اعتقاد‬i‘tiqād dogmatic; (pl. -ūn)
dogmatist │ ‫( المعھد االعتقادي‬madhab)
dogmatism
‫‘ عاقد‬āqid legally competent to contract
(Isl. Law)
‫ معقود‬ma‘qūd knit, knotted, etc., see ‫عقد‬
(of milk) curdled │ ‫ معقود اللسان‬tongue-tied,
incapable of speech │ ‫كان األعمال معقودا ان‬
(amalu) it was hoped that …
‫ معقد‬mu‘aqqad knotted, knotty, gnarl.d;
complicated, intricate, entangled, snarled,
involved, difficult
‫ معاقد‬mu‘āqad contracting party,
contractant, contractor
‫ متعاقد‬muta‘āqid: ‫ متعاقدان‬the two
contracting parties
‫ معتقد‬mu‘taqad believed; ‫ المعتقد ان‬it is
believed that ..., it is held that …; -- (pl.
-āt) article of faith, principle of faith,
tenet; doctrine; dogma; creed, faith;
conviction, belief, view, opinion
‫‘ عقر‬aqara i (‘aqr) to wound (‫ ه‬،‫ ھـ‬s.o., s.th.);
-- ‘aqura u and ‘aqara i (‘uqr, ‘aqr, ‫عقارة‬
‘aqāra) to be barren, sterile; to be
childless III to be addicted, be given (‫ ھـ‬to
s.th., e.g., to drinking) IV to stun, stupefy
(‫ ه‬s.o.)
‫‘ عقر‬uqr, ‘aqr barrenness, sterility;
middle, center │ ‫ في عقر الدار‬within the
house itself (not outside the house); ‫في عقر‬
‫ داره‬in his own house; ‫ في عقر ديارھم‬within
the country; in their own country, on their
own ground
‫‘ عقر‬uqr indemnity for illicit sexual
intercourse with a woman slave (Isl. Law);
childless man
‫‘ عقار‬aqār pl. -āt immovable property,
immovables, real property, real estate,
realty; piece of real estate, landed property
‫‘ عقار‬uqār residue
‫‘ عقاري‬aqārī of or pertaining to
immovable property, immovables, landed
property, or real estate; consisting in
immovable property, immovables, landed
property, or real estate; landed │ ‫بنك عقاري‬
real-estate bank, land-mortgage bank; ‫رھن‬
‫( عقاري‬rahn) mortgage on landed property,
landed security; ‫( القسم العقاري‬qism) real-
estate administration (Tun.); ‫ملك عقاري‬
(milk) landed property
‫‘ عقور‬aqūr mordacious, rapacious,
voracious (animal)
‫‘ عقار‬aqqār pl. ‫‘ عقاقير‬aqāqīr2 drug;
medicament, remedy
‫‘ عقارة‬aqāra barrenness, sterility
‫‘ عقيرة‬aqīra voice
‫‘ عاقر‬āqir (f.) barren, sterile (woman)
‫‘ عقرب‬aqrab pl. ‫‘ عقارب‬aqārib2 scorpion; sting,
prick; hand (of a watch or clock); look,
curl; ‫ العقرب‬Scorpio (astron.)
‫ معقرب‬mu‘aqrab crooked, curved,
curled
‫‘ عقص‬aqaṣa i (‘aqṣ) to braid, plait (‫ ھـ‬the hair)
‫‘ عقيصة‬aqīṣa pl. ‫‘ عقائص‬aqā’iṣ2, ‫عقاص‬
‘iqāṣ braid, plait (of hair), lock
‫‘ عقعق‬aq‘aq pl. ‫‘ عقاعق‬aqā‘iq2 magpie (zol.)
‫‘ عقف‬aqafa i (‘aqf) to crook, hook, bend
sharply (‫ ھـ‬s.th.) II = I
‫‘ عقفة‬uqfa pl. -āt loop, ring, eyelet (to
hold a button, the cords of the ‘iqāl, and
the like)
‫ اعقف‬a‘qaf2, f. ‫‘ عقفاء‬aqfā’2 crooked,
bent, hooked
 O ‫ معقف‬ma‘qif square bracket
‫ معقوف‬ma‘qūf crooked, bent, hooked;
bent at the ends, handlebar-shaped
(mustache); dual ‫ معقوفان‬square brackets
(typ.) │ ‫ الصليب المعقوف‬the swastika
‫ منعقف‬mun‘aqif square bracket │ ‫بين‬
‫ منعقفين‬in square brackets 629
‫‘ عقل‬aqala i (‘aql) to hobble with the ‘iqāl (
‫ عقال‬q.v.; ‫ البعير‬al-ba‘īra the camel); to
intern, confine, detain, arrest, put under
arrest (‫ ه‬s.o.); to throw (‫ ه‬s.o.) in wrestling;
to pay blood money or wergild (‫ ه ل‬for the
slain to s.o.); to be endowed with (the
faculty of) reason, be reasonable, have
intelligence; to be in one’s senses, be
conscious; to realize, comprehend,
understand (‫ ھـ‬s.th.) │ ‫( عقل لسانه‬lisānahū)
to tongue-tie s.o., make s.o. speechless II
to make (‫ ه‬s.o.) reasonable or sensible,
bring (‫ ه‬s.o.) to reason V to be or become
reasonable, sensible, rational, intelligent,
judicious, prudent, wise; to comprehend,
grasp (‫ ه‬s.th.) VIII to arrest, put under
arrest, apprehend, detain (‫ ه‬s.o.); to intern
(‫ ه‬s.o.); to seize, impound (‫ ھـ‬s.th.)
‫‘ عقل‬aql blood money, bloodwite,
wergild; (pl. ‫‘ عقول‬uqūl) sense, sentience,
reason, understanding, comprehension,
discernment, insight, rationality, mind,
intellect, intelligence │ ‫ مختل العقل‬muktall
al-‘a. mentally deranged, demented,
insane, mad; ‫ سليم )صحيح( العقل‬sane; O ‫العقل‬
‫( الباطن‬or ‫الالشعوري‬, or ‫( )غير الواعي‬lā-šu‘ūrī,
gairu l-wā‘ī) the unconscious, the
subliminal; O ‫( العقل الشعوري‬or ‫الواعي‬, or
‫( )الظاھر‬šu‘ūrī) the subconscious, the
coconscious; O ‫( العقل المميز‬mumayyiz) the
conscious; O ‫ عقل الكتروني‬electronic
computer
‫‘ عقلي‬aqlī reasonable, rational;
ratiocinative; mental; intellectual; (pl. -ūn)
rationalist; an intellectual; ‫العقليات‬
al-‘aqlīyāt the mental world │ ‫المذھب العقلي‬
(madhab) rationalism; ‫ األمرض العقلية‬mental
diseases
‫‘ عقلية‬aqlīya mentality, mental attitude
‫‘ عقلة‬uqla pl. ‫‘ عقل‬uqal knot, knob, node
(e.g., of a reed, cane, etc.); joint,
articulation; knuckle; layer (hort.); trapeze
‫‘ عقال‬iqāl pl. ‫‘ عقل‬uqul cord used for
hobbling the feet of a camel; a headband
made of camel’s hair, holding the kūfīya
in place │ ‫( اطلق حربا من عقالھا‬aṭlaqa
ḥarban) to unleash or start a war
‫‘ عقول‬aqūl understanding, reasonable,
sensible, discerning, intelligent; costive
medicine; (and ‫‘ عاقول‬āqūl) a low spiny
shrub of the steppes of North Africa and
Western Asia (camel’s-thorn, Alhagi
maurorom; Alhagi manniferom Desv.;
bot.)
‫‘ عقيلة‬aqīla pl. ‫‘ عقائل‬aqā’il2 the best, the
pick; wife, spouse │ ‫( السيدة عقيلته‬sayyida)
his wife; ‫‘ عقائل الصفات‬a. aṣ-ṣifāt the very
best qualities
‫ اعقل‬a‘qal2 brighter, smarter, more
intelligent
‫ معقل‬ma‘qil pl. ‫ معاقل‬ma‘āqil2 refuge,
sanctuary; stronghold, fortress, fort; O
pillbox, bunker, dugout (mil.); fortified
position
‫ معقل‬ma‘qula pl. ‫ معاقل‬ma‘āqil2 blood
money, wergild
‫ تعقل‬ta‘aqqul understanding,
discernment, prudence, judiciousness,
wisdom │ ‫ بتعقل‬sensibly, intelligently
‫ اعتقال‬i‘tiqāl pl. -āt arrest, detention,
internment; cramp, spasm │ ‫معسكر االعتقال‬
mu‘askar al-i‘t. concentration camp
‫‘ عاقل‬āqil pl. -ūn, ‫‘ عقالء‬uqalā’2, ‫عقال‬
‘uqqāl understanding, reasonable,
sensible, rational, discerning, intelligent,
prudent, judicious, wile; in full possession
of one’s mental faculties, compos mentis,
sane in mind
‫‘ عاقلة‬āqila a clan committed by
unwritten law of the Bedouins to pay the
bloodwite for each of its members
‫ معقول‬ma‘qūl reasonable, sensible,
intelligible, comprehensible,
understandable, plausible, logical;
rational; apprehensive faculty,
comprehension, intellect, discernment,
judiciousness, judgment; common sense │
‫ معقول‬unintelligible, 630
incomprehensible, nonsensical,
incongruous, preposterous, absurd
 ‫ معقولية‬ma‘qūlīya, comprehensibility,
intelligibility; logicality, rationality, or
reasonable character, logicality,
rationality, reasonableness
‫ معتقل‬mu‘taqal pl. -āt concentration
camp; prison camp; internment camp,
detention camp
‫‘ عقم‬aqama u and ‘aquma u (‘aqm; ‘uqm) to be
barren, sterile (womb, woman); -- aqama
i (‘aqm) to render barren (‫ ھـ‬the womb) II
to render sterile or barren, sterilize (‫ ه‬،‫ھـ‬
s.o., s.th.); to degerminate (‫ ه‬s.th.); to
pasteurize (‫ ه‬s.th.); to disinfect (‫ ه‬s.th.) V
to be rendered barren, be sterilized
‫‘ عكس‬akasa i (‘aks) to reverse, invert (‫ ھـ‬s.th.);
‫‘ عقم‬aqm, ‘uqm, ‘aqam barrenness,
sterility
‫‘ عقمة‬uqma barrenness, sterility
‫‘ عقيم‬aqīm pl. ‫‘ عقم‬uqum, ‫‘ عقام‬iqām
barren; sterile; useless, unavailing, futile,
fruitless, ineffectual, ineffective,
unproductive (e.g., work, attempt)
‫ تعقيم‬ta‘qīm sterilization, degermination,
pasteurization; disinfection
O ‫ معقم‬mu‘aqqim disinfector,
disinfecting apparatus
‫ معقم‬mu‘aqqam sterilized, pasteurized,
disinfected, degerminated
‫‘ عك‬akka i (‘akk) to be sultry, muggy (day)
‫‘ عك‬akk sultry, muggy, sweltering
‫‘ عكة‬akka2, ‫‘ عكاء‬akkā’2 and ‫‘ عكا‬akkkā
Acre (seaport in Palestine)
‫‘ عكيك‬akīk sultry, muggy, sweltering
(day)
‫‘ عكر‬akira a (‘akar) to be or become
turbid, muddy, roily II to render turbid, to
roil, to muddy (‫ ھـ‬or ‫ على‬s.th.); to disturb,
trouble (‫ ھـ‬or ‫ على‬s.th.) │ ‫( عكر الصفو‬ṣafwa)
to destroy the untroubled state, disturb
the order; ‫( عكر صفوه‬ṣafwahū) and ‫عكر‬
‫( عليه الصفو‬ṣafwa) to kill s.o.’s good spirits,
spoil s.o.’s good humor V to become
turbid, become muddy; to deteriorate, be
aggravated, become worse (situation)
‫‘ عكر‬amr turbidity, muddiness;
sediment, dregs, lees
‫‘ عكر‬akir turbid, muddy, roily;
troubled, disturbed
‫‘ عكارة‬akāra, ‘ikāra (eg.) sediment,
dregs, lees
‫ تعكير‬ta‘kīr (act of) rendering turbid,
roiling, muddying; disturbance, troubling,
derangement
‫ معكر‬mu‘akkar turbid, sedimentous,
roiled, muddy; disturbed, troubled
‫ عكز‬V to lean (‫ على‬on a staff)
‫‘ عكاز‬ukkāz, ‫‘ عكازة‬ukkāza pl. -āt, ‫عكاكيز‬
‘akākīz2 staff, stick; crutch
to reflect, throw back, cast back, mirror (‫ھـ‬
s.th.) III to counteract, oppose, contradict (
‫ ه‬،‫ ھـ‬s.o., s.th.), thwart (‫ ھـ‬s.th.); to disturb,
trouble (‫ ه‬،‫ ھـ‬s.o., s.th.); to molest, vex,
tease, harass (‫ ه‬s.o.) VI to be reversed, be
inverted; to be thrown back, be cast back,
be reflected, be mirrored VII to be
reversed, be inverted; to turn back (‫على‬
against); to redound (‫ على‬to, on); to be
thrown back, be cast back (‫ على‬or ‫ عن‬by),
be reflected, be mirrored (‫ على‬or ‫ عن‬by, in)
‫‘ عكس‬aks reversal, reversion, inversion;
reflection; opposite, contract, contrary,
reverse │ ‫‘ عكس ذلك‬aksa d. and ‫على عكس‬
‫ ذلك‬in contrast with that, contrary to that;
‫ كان على العكس من‬to be in contrast to, be in
opposition to; ‫ بالعكس‬on the contrary,
conversely; ‫ والعكس بالعكس‬and vice versa;
٦٣١ ‫( بحث المسألة طردا وعكسا‬mas’alata
ṭardan) he studied the problem from all
sides or in all its aspects
‫‘ عكسي‬aksī contrary, opposite,
contrasting, antithetical, adverse
‫‘ عكيس‬akīs layer, shoot, cion (hort.)
‫ معاكسة‬mu‘ākasa pl. as disturbance;
molestation, pestering, harassment;
struggle, fight, battle │ ‫معاكسة الحالة الجوية‬
(jawwīya) inclemency of the weather
‫ انعكاسي‬in‘ikāsī reflection; (pl. -āt)
reflex
‫ انعكاسي‬in‘ikāsī reflectional, reflexive,
reflex (adj.) │ ‫( حركة انعكاسية‬ḥaraka) reflex
action, reflex (physiol.)
‫‘ عاكس‬ākis screen, lamp shade; reflector
 ‫‘ عاكسة‬ākisa reflector; eye shade; lamp
shade
‫ معاكس‬mu‘ākis counter-, contra-, anti-
‫( ھجمة معاكسة‬hajma) counterattack
‫ متعاكس‬muta‘ākis contrasting, opposite,
opposed, conflicting
‫ منعكس‬mun‘akis reflected │ ‫صورة منعكسة‬
(ṣūra) mirror image, reflected image,
reflection, reflex; ‫ افعال منعكسة‬reflex actions
‫‘ عكاشة‬akāša awkwardness, clumsiness
‫‘ عكاشة‬ukāša, ‘ukāša spider; spider web,
cobweb
‫‘ عكف‬akafa u i (‫‘ عكف‬ukuf) to adhere, cling,
stick, keep (‫ على‬to); to give o.s. over,
apply o.s., devote o.s., be addicted (‫ على‬to
s.th.), indulge (‫ على‬in s.th.), be obsessed (
‫ على‬by), be bent, be intent (‫ على‬on s.th.); to
be busily engaged (‫ على‬in), busy o.s. (‫على‬
with); to remain uninterruptedly (‫ في‬in); to
seclude o.s., isolate o.s. (‫ في‬in, at a place),
withdraw, retire (‫ في‬into, to a place); --
‘akafa u i (‘akf) to hold back, restrain,
keep (‫ ه عن‬s.o. from) II to hold back,
restrain, keep (‫ عن ه‬s.o. from) V to remain
uninterruptedly (‫ ھـ‬in); to seclude o.s.,
isolate o.s. (‫ في‬in, at a place; ‫ عن‬from),
withdraw, retire (‫ في‬into, to a place; ‫عن‬
from); to live in seclusion. in retirement (
‫ عن‬from) VIII = V; to devote o.s., apply
o.s. assiduously (‫ الى‬to s.th.), busy o.s. (‫الى‬
with)
‫ عاكف‬pl. -ūn, ‫‘ عكوف‬ukūf, ‫‘ عكف‬ukkaf
given, addicted (‫ على‬to s.th.); obsessed (
‫ على‬by), bent, intent (‫ على‬on); busily
engaged (‫ على‬in), busy (‫ على‬with)
‫‘ عكم‬akama i (‘akm) to bundle up, pack, tie in
a cloth, and the like (‫ ھـ‬s.th.)
1
‫‘ عل‬alu see ‫علو‬
2
‫‘ عل‬alla, ‫ لعل‬la-‘alla (particle; with accusative
noun immediately following) perhaps,
maybe │ ‫( من يدري لعل‬man yadrī) who
knows if …
3
‫‘ عل‬alla i and pass. ‘ulla to be or fall ill II to
occupy, busy, keep busy, entertain,
distract (‫ ب ه‬s.o. with); to justify,
motivate, explain (‫ ب ه‬s.th. with) │ ‫علل‬
‫ نفسه )النفس( ب‬to indulge in the hope that
…, entertain or cherish the hope of or that
…, be given to the illusion that ...; ‫علل نفسه‬
‫ بآمال‬to indulge in hopes; to entertain vain
hopes; ‫ علل اآلمال ب‬to cherish the hope
of ...; ‫ علله بالوعود‬to put s.o. off with
promises V to occupy o.s., busy o.s.,
amuse o.s., distract o.s., divert o.s. (‫ب‬
with); to make an excuse, offer a pretext;
to offer or use as an excuse, offer a pretext
(‫ ب‬s.th.); to use as an expedient, as a
makeshift (‫ ب‬s.th.) │ ‫( تعلل بعلة‬bi-‘illatin)
to make a pretext, plead s.th. as an excuse
VIII to be or fall ill; to be weak, defective;
to make an excuse, offer a pretext; to
adduce, give, offer (‫ ب‬a reason or excuse,
‫ على‬for s.th.); to pretend, purport, allege,
feign, dissimulate, offer as a pretext or
excuse (‫ ب‬s.th.) 632
‫‘ علة‬illa pl. -āt, ‫‘ علل‬ilal illness,
sickness, disease, malady; deficiency,
defect, weakness; weakness, defectiveness
(of a letter or word; gram.); metrical
variation or irregularity (prosody); -- (pl.
‫‘ علل‬ilal) cause, reason, occasion; excuse,
pretense, pretext, plea │ ‫ حروف العلة‬the
weak letters (‫ و‬،‫ ي‬،‫ ;ا‬gram.); ‫ على عالته‬in
spite of his weaknesses, such as he is; ‫العلة‬
‫ والمعلول‬cause and effect; ‫ علة العلل في‬the
principal cause of ..., the deeper reason
underlying ...
‫‘ علة‬alla pl. -āt concubine │ ‫بنو العالت‬
banū l-‘a. sons of a man by different
mothers
‫‘ عليل‬alīl pl. ‫ اعالء‬a‘illa’ sick, ill, ailing;
sick person, patient; soft, gentle, mild,
pleasant
‫‘ علية‬illīya causality
‫‘ علية‬ilya, ‘ullīya and ‫‘ عليون‬illīyūn see
‫علو‬
‫‘ عاللة‬ulāla comfort, consolation;
remainder, remnant, rest
‫ تعليل‬ta‘līl pl. -āt entertainment,
diversion, distraction; argumentation,
justification, motivation, explanation
‫ تعلة‬ta‘illa pl. -āt pretext, pretense,
excuse; makeshift, expedient, substitute,
surrogate
‫ اعتالل‬i‘tilāl illness, sickness, disease,
malady; weakness, defectiveness
‫ معلول‬ma‘lūl ill, sick, ailing; effect │
‫‘( العلة والمعلول‬illa) cause and effect; ‫اتخذ‬
 ‫ المعلول علة‬ittakada l-ma‘lūla ‘illatan to
mistake cause and effect
‫ معل‬mu‘all ill, sick, ailing
‫ معتل‬mu‘tall ill, sick, ailing; weak
(letter; gram.); defective (word; gram.)
‫ علب‬II to can, tin, preserve in cans (‫ ھـ‬s.th.)
‫‘ علبة‬ulba pl. ‫‘ علب‬ulab, ‫‘ عالب‬ilāb box,
‫‘ علق‬aliqa a (‘alaq) to hang, be suspended,
case; can, tin; etui
‫ علج‬III to treat (‫ ه‬s.o., a patient; ‫ ھـ‬a disease,
also a subject); to occupy o.s., concern
o.s., have to do, deal (‫ ه‬،‫ ھـ‬with s.o., with
s.th.), attend, turn (‫ ه‬،‫ ھـ‬to s.o., to s.th.); to
cultivate (‫ ھـ‬s.th., e.g., a literary genre); to
take up (‫ ھـ‬s.th.), go in (‫ ھـ‬for s.th.), apply
o.s. (‫ ھـ‬to s.th.); to take upon o.s. (‫ ھـ‬s.th.),
undergo (‫ ھـ‬s.th.); to work (‫ ھـ‬s.th. or on
s.th.), process, treat, manipulate, handle (‫ھـ‬
s.th.); to endeavor, take pains, try hard (‫ان‬
or ‫ ھـ‬to do s.th.); to palpate, paw, finger,
touch (‫ ه‬s.o.), fumble around (‫ ه‬on s.o.); to
influence (‫ ه‬s.o.), work (‫ ه‬upon s.o. by
arguments or persuasions), prevail (‫ ه‬on
s.o.) │ ‫( عالج الرمق األخير‬ramaqa) to be on
the verge of death, be dying; ‫عالجه بطعنة‬
(bi-ṭa‘natin) to land a stab on s.o., stab
s.o. VI to be under medical treatment,
receive or undergo medical treatment VIII
to wrestle, struggle, fight (with one
another); to be in violent commotion or
agitation, heave, surge, tremble
‫‘ علج‬ilj pl. ‫‘ علوج‬ulūj infidel; uncouth
fellow, lout
‫ معالجة‬mu‘ālaja treatment (of a patient,
also of a subject); nursing (of a patient);
cultivation (of an art); manipulation,
handling, processing, treatment (of a
material, etc.)
‫‘ عالج‬ilāj medical treatment; remedy;
cure, therapy
‫ تعالج‬ta‘āluj curative, therapeutic
‫ علف‬ta‘āluj medical treatment (which one
undergoes)
‫‘ علف‬alafa i (‘alf) to feed, fodder (‫ ھـ‬livestock)
‫‘ علف‬alaf pl. ‫ اعالف‬a‘lāf, ‫‘ عالف‬ilāf,
‫‘ علوفة‬ulūfa fodder, forage, provender
‫‘ عالف‬allaf pl. ‫ ة‬seller of provender
‫‘ علوفة‬alūfa pl. ‫‘ عالئف‬alā’if2 stall-fed
animal; -- (pl. ‫‘ علف‬uluf) fodder, forage,
provender 633
‫ معلف‬mi‘laf pl. ‫ معالف‬ma‘ālif2 manger,
trough
‫ معلوف‬ma‘laf stall-fed, fattened
(animal)
dangle; to stick, cling, cleave, adhere (‫ب‬
to); to catch (‫ ب‬on, ‫ في‬in), get caught or
stuck (‫ ب‬on, ‫ في‬in); to be attached, affixed,
subjoined (‫ ب‬to s.th.); -- (‫‘ علوق‬ulūq, ‫عالقة‬
‘alāqa) to keep (‫ ب‬to s.o.), he attached, be
devoted (‫ ب‬to s.o.), be fond (‫ ب‬of s.o.);
(with foll. imperf.) to begin, commence
to ..., start doing s.th.; -- ‘aliqat (‫علوق‬
‘ulūq) to become pregnant, conceive
(woman) II to hang, suspend (‫ على‬or ‫ب ه‬
s.th. on), attach, hitch, fasten, affix, tie (‫ھـ‬
s.th. ‫ على‬or ‫ ب‬to); to leave undecided, keep
pending, keep in abeyance (‫ ھـ‬s.th.); to
make dependent or conditional (‫ ھـ‬s.th. ‫ب‬
or ‫ على‬on); to comment (‫ على‬on s.th.);
annotate, gloss, furnish with notes or a
commentary (‫ على‬s.th.), remark, state (‫على‬
with regard to); to make notes (‫ ھـ‬of s.th.),
jot down (‫ ھـ‬s.th.) │ ‫ علق اآلمال على‬to set
one’s hopes on; ‫علق اھمية )خطورة( على‬
(ahammīyatan) to attach importance to
s.th. IV to hang, suspend (‫ ب ھـ‬s.th. on),
attach, hitch, fasten, affix, tie (‫ ب ھـ‬s.th.
to); to apply leeches V to hang, be
suspended, dangle (‫ ب‬from); to cling,
cleave, adhere (‫ ب‬to); to keep, stick, hang
on (‫ ب‬to); to be attached, be devoted (‫ب‬
to), be fond (‫ ب‬of s.o.); to depend, be
dependent or conditional (‫ على‬or ‫ ب‬on); to
refer, pertain, belong,
be related (‫ ب‬to), be connected, have to
do (‫ ب‬with), concern (‫ ب‬s.th.) │ ‫تعلق بحبه‬
(bi-ḥubbihī) to be fond of s.o., be
affectionately attached to s.o.; ‫فيما تعلق ب‬
with regard to, as to, regarding,
concerning
‫‘ علق‬ilq, ‘alq pl. ‫ اعالق‬a‘lāq precious
thing, object of value
‫‘ علق‬alaq (con.; n. un. ‫ )ة‬pl. -āt
medicinal leech; leech; (coagulated)
blood, blood clot
 ‫‘ علقة‬alqa (eg.) beating; bastinado; a
thrashing, spanking
‫‘ عليق‬alīq pl. ‫‘ عالئق‬alā’iq2 fodder,
forage, provender
‫' علق‬ullaiq twining and creeping plants
or shrubs (of various kinds); the lesser
bindweed (Convolvulus arvensis; bot.;
common English blackberry, bramble
(Rubus fruticosus; bot.); blackberry;
raspberry
‫‘ عليقة‬ullaiqa: ‫‘ عليقة موسى‬u. mūsā the
Burning Bush
‫‘ عالق‬allāq cost hanger
‫‘ عالقة‬alāqa attachment, devotion,
affection, bond; (pl. -āt, ‫‘ عالئق‬alā’iq2)
relation, affiliation, association, contact,
bond, connection (‫ ب‬with) │ ‫العالقات العامة‬
public relations; ‫ ذو عالقة ب‬connected with,
related to; ‫( السلطات ذات العالقة‬sulṭāt) the
‫‘ علقم‬alqam pl. ‫‘ عالقم‬alāqim2 colocynth (bot.)
competent authorities; ‫)قطع العالقات )العالئق‬
qaṭ‘ al-‘a. severance of relations; ‫توتر‬
‫ )العالقات )العالئق‬tawattur al-‘a. tenseness of
relations, tension in the relations
‫‘ علك‬alaka u i (‘alk) to chew, champ (‫ ھـ‬s.th.,
‫‘ عالقة‬ilāqa pl. ‫‘ عالئق‬alā’iq2 a strap,
and the like, for suspending s.th.
‫‘ عالقة‬allāqa coat hanger
‫ اعلق‬a‘laq2: ‫( اعلق بالذھن‬dihn) that to
which the mind is more inclined
‫ معالق‬mi‘lāq pl. ‫ معاليق‬ma‘ālīq2 pluck
(of an animal)
‫ تعليق‬ta‘līq hanging, suspending;
temporary stay, remission or abrogation,
suspension; the oblique, “hanging” ductus
(in Arabic calligraphy); (pl. -āt, ‫تعاليق‬
ta‘ālīq2) commentary, comment(s),
explanatory remarks; suspended lamp │
‫ تعليق الطالق‬t. aṭ-ṭalāq conditional
repudiation, conditional pronunciation of
the talak (Isl. Law); ‫( تعليق على األنباء‬anbā’)
news commentary (radio) 634
‫ تعليقة‬ta‘līqa pl. -āt, ‫ تعاليق‬ta‘ālīq2
marginal note, annotation, note, gloss,
scholium
‫ تعلق‬ta‘alluq attachment, devotion (‫ب‬
to), affection (‫ ب‬for); linkage, connection,
relationship (‫ ب‬with)
‫ معلق‬mu‘alliq commentator (radio,
press)
‫ معلق‬mu‘allaq suspended, hanging; in
suspense, in abeyance, pending,
undecided; hinging (‫ ب‬on); depending,
dependent, conditional (‫ ب‬or ‫ على‬on),
conditioned (‫ ب‬or ‫ على‬by) │ ‫( جسر معلق‬jisr)
suspension bridge; ‫ حساب معلق‬suspense
account; ‫ قاطرات معلقة‬suspension railways;
‫ مسائل معلقة‬pending questions; ‫رغبته معلقة ب‬
(ragbatuhū) his desire is directed toward
…
‫ معلقة‬mu‘allaqa pl. -āt placard, poster,
bill; ‫ المعلقات‬the oldest collection of
complete ancient Arabic kasidas
‫ متعلق‬muta‘alliq attached, devoted (‫ب‬
to); connected (‫ ب‬with), related, pertaining
(‫ ب‬to), concerning (‫ ب‬s.o. or s.th.) │ ‫متعلق‬
‫( بحبه‬bi-ḥubbihī) affectionately attached to
s.o.; ‫ من متعلقاته‬depending on s.o. or s.th.,
pertaining to s.o.’s authority
│ ‫ ذاق العلقم‬to taste bitterness suffer
annoyance, vexation, chicanery or
torments (‫ من‬from)
esp. ‫ اللجام‬the bit, of a horse)
‫‘ علك‬ilk mastic
‫‘ علم‬alima a (‘ilm) to know (‫ ب‬or ‫ ه‬،‫ ھـ‬s.o.,
s.th.), have knowledge, be cognizant, be
aware (‫ ب‬or ‫ ھـ‬of s.th.), be informed (‫ ب‬or
‫ ھـ‬about or of s.th.), be familiar, be
acquainted (‫ ب‬or ‫ ھـ‬with s.th.); to perceive,
discern (‫ ب‬or ‫ ھـ‬s.th.), find out (‫ ب‬or ‫ھـ‬
about s.th., ‫ من‬from), learn, come to know
(‫ ب‬or ‫ ھـ‬s.th. or about s.th., ‫ من‬from); to
distinguish, differentiate (‫ من ھـ‬s.th. from)
II to teach (‫ ب ه‬or ‫ ھـ ه‬s.o. s.th.), instruct,
brief (‫ ب ه‬or ‫ ھـ ه‬s.o. in s.th.); to train.
school, educate (‫ ه‬s.o.); to designate,
mark, earmark, provide with a distinctive
mark (‫ على‬s.th.); to put a mark (‫ على‬on) IV
to let (‫ ه‬s.o.) know (‫ ب‬or ‫ ھـ‬s.th. or about
s.th.), tell (‫ ب‬or ‫ ھـ ه‬s.o. about), notify,
advise, apprise, inform (‫ ب ه‬or ‫ ھـ ه‬s.o. of
or about s.th.). acquaint (‫ ب ه‬or ‫ ھـ ه‬s.o.
with) V to learn, study (A s.th.); to know (
‫ ھـ‬s.th.) X to inquire (‫ عن ه‬or ‫ ھـ ه‬of s.o.
about), ask, query (‫ عن ه‬or ‫ ھـ ه‬s.o. about),
inform o.s. (‫ ھـ ه‬or ‫ ھـ ه‬through s.o. about).
gather information (‫ عن ه‬or ‫ ھـ ه‬from s.o.
about)
 ‫‘ علم‬ilm knowledge, learning, lore;
cognizance, acquaintance; information;
cognition, intellection, perception,
knowledge; (pl. ‫‘ علوم‬ulūm) science; pl.
‫ العلوم‬the (natural) sciences │ ‫علما وعمال‬
‘ilman wa-‘amalan theoretically and
practically; ‫( ليكن في علمه‬li-yakun) be it
known to him, may he know, for his
information; ‫( كان على علم تام ب‬tāmm) to
know s.th. inside out, be thoroughly
familiar with s.th.; to have full cognizance
of s.th.; ‫ علم الجراثيم‬bacteriology; ‫علم االجتماع‬
sociology; ‫ علم الحساب‬arithmetic; ‫علم الحياة‬
‘i. al-ḥayāh biology; ‫ علم األحياء‬do.; ‫علم‬
‫‘ الحيوان‬i. al-ḥayawān zoology; ‫علم األخالق‬
ethics; ‫‘ علم الذرات‬i. ad-darrāt nuclear
physics; ‫‘ علم التربية‬i. at-tarbiya pedagogy;
‫‘ علم الصحة‬i. aṣ-ṣiḥḥa hygiene; ‫علم األصوات‬
phonetics; ‫‘ علم المعادن‬i. al-ma‘ādīn
mineralogy; ‫‘ علم اللغة‬i. al-luga
lexicography; ‫‘ علم النباتات‬i. an-nabātāt
botany; ‫‘ علم النفس‬i. an-nafs psychology;
‫‘ علم وظائف األعضاء‬i. w. al-a‘ḍā’
physiology; ‫ طالب علم‬ṭālib ‘ilm student; ‫كلية‬
‫ العلوم‬kullīyat al-‘u. the Faculty of Science
of the Egyptian University
‫‘ علمي‬ilmī scientific; erudite (book);
learned (society) 635
‫‘ علم‬alam pl. ‫ اعالم‬a‘lām sign, token,
mark, badge, distinguishing mark,
characteristic; harelip; road sign, signpost,
guidepost; flag, banner; a distinguished,
outstanding man; an eminent personality,
au authority, a star, a luminary; proper
name (gram.) ‫ اشھر من نار على علم‬very
famous; ‫ اسم العلم‬ismun ‘alamun or ism
‘alamin pl. ‫ اسماء األعالم‬proper name
(gram.); ‫ علم الوصول‬receipt
‫‘ عالم‬ālam pl. -ūn, ‫‘ عوالم‬awālim2 world;
universe, cosmos; ‫ العالمان‬al-‘ālamān the
two worlds = Europe and America; ‫عالمون‬
‘ālamūn inhabitants of the world, specif.
human beings │ ‫‘ عالم الحيوان‬a. al-ḥayawān
the animal kingdom; ‫‘ عالم المعادن‬ā. al-
ma‘ādin the mineral kingdom; ‫عالم النبات‬
‘ā. an-nabāt the vegetable kingdom; ‫عالم‬
‫ الوجود‬this world, this life
‫‘ عالمي‬ālami worldly, secular, world
(adj.); international; world-wide, world-
famous, enjoying world-wide renown
‫‘ عالمية‬ālamīya internationality;
‘ālimīya see after ‘ālim
‫‘ علماني‬almānī, ‫ عالماني‬laic, lay; (pl. -ūn)
layman (in distinction from the clergy)
‫‘ علم‬alīm pl. ‫‘ علماء‬ulamā’ knowing;
cognizant, informed; learned, erudite; ‫العليم‬
the omniscient (one of the attributes of
God)
‫‘ عالم‬allām knowing thoroughly (with
foll. genit.: s.th.), completely familiar
(with)
‫‘ عالم‬alāma see ‫( على‬prep.) under ‫علو‬
‫‘ عالمة‬allāma most erudite, very
learned
‫‘ عالمة‬alāma pl. -āt, ‫‘ عالئم‬alā’im2 mark,
sign, token; badge, emblem;
distinguishing mark, characteristic
indication,
syptom │ ‫‘( عالمة ھذا‬alāma) in token of
that, as a sign of that; ‫( عالمة تجارية‬tijārīta)
trade-mark; ‫‘ عالمة الرتبة‬a. rutba insignia of
rank; O ‫‘ عالمة التأثر‬a. at-ta’attur and ‫عالمة‬
‫‘ التعجب‬a. at-ta‘ajub exclamation point;
‫ عالمة االستفھام‬question mark; O ‫عالمة‬
‫ التنصيص‬quotation mark
‫‘ عيلم‬ailam tender; (pl. ‫‘ عيالم‬ayālim2)
well with abundant water; sea
‫ اعلومة‬a‘lūma pl. ‫ اعاليم‬a‘ālim2 road sign,
signpost, guidepost
‫ تعالمة‬ti‘lāma moot erudite, very
learned
‫ معلم‬ma‘lam pl. ‫ معالم‬ma‘ālim2 place,
abode, locality, spot; track, trace;
landmark, mark, distinguishing mark,
characteristic; road sign, signpost,
guidepost; peculiarity, particularity; pl.
sights, curiosities; characteristic traits;
outlines, contours (e.g., of the body),
lineaments, features (of the face)
‫ معلمة‬ma‘lama pl. -āt encyclopedia
‫ تعليم‬ta‘līm pl. -āt, ‫ تعليماتا‬ta‘līm2
information, advice, instruction, direction;
teaching, instruction; training, schooling,
education; apprenticeship; pl. ‫تعليمات‬
instructions, directions, directives;
information, announcements │ ‫تعليم مختلط‬
(muktaliṭ) coeducation; ‫‘( تعليم عال‬ālin)
higher education, academic studies, ‫مراقب‬
‫ تعليم‬murāqib t. a military rank, approx.:
master sergeant (Eg. 1939); ‫ صول تعليم‬ṣol t.
do. (Eg.); O ‫ فن التعليم‬fann at-t. pedagogy,
pedagogics
‫ تعليمي‬ta‘līmī instructional, educational
‫ اعالم‬i‘lām notification, advice;
information; notice
‫ تعلم‬ta‘allum learning, studying, study;
education
‫ استعالم‬isti‘lām inquiry (‫ عن‬about); (pl.
-āt) Information │ ‫ مكتب االستعالمات‬maktab
al-i. information office, information desk;
news agency, press agency, wire service
‫‘ عالم‬ālim knowing; familiar, acquainted
(‫ ب‬with), cognizant (‫ ب‬of); expert,
connoisseur, professional, (pl. 636 ‫علماء‬
‘ulamā’2) learned, erudite; scholar, savant,
scientist │ ‫( عالم طبيعي‬ṭabī‘ī) physicist,
natural scientist; ‫العلماء المختصون‬
(muktaṣṣūn) the specialists, the experts
‫‘ عالمة‬ālima woman of learning, woman
scholar; (eg.) singer, chanteuse
‫‘ عالمية‬ālimīya learnedness,
scholarliness, erudition, rank or dignity of
a ‘ālim; rank of scholarship, conferred by
diploma, of the Great Mosque in Tunis
and of Al Azhar in Cairo
‫ اعلم‬a‘lam2 having more knowledge;
more learned │ ‫ ﷲ اعلم‬God knows best
‫ معلوم‬ma‘lūm known; fixed, determined,
given; of course! certainly! sure! no
doubt! (as an affirmative reply); known
quantity (math.); ‫ المعلوم‬the active voice
(gram.); -- (pl. ‫ معاليم‬ma‘ālim) fixed sum,
fixed rate (money); fixed income; tax,
duty; fee; sum, amount, cost(s) │ ‫معلوم‬
‫ الحيوانات‬m. al-ḥayawānāt impost on
livestock (Tun.); -- pl. ‫ معلومات‬ma‘lūmāt
knowledge, lore, learning, perceptions,
discoveries, findings; known facts;
information, data; news, tidings
‫ معلم‬mu‘allim pl. -ūn teacher, instructor;
master (of a trade, etc.) │ ‫معلم االعتراف‬
father-confessor, confessor
‫ معلمة‬mu‘allima pl. -āt woman teacher,
woman instructor
‫ )علو‬and ‫‘ على( عال‬alā u (‘ulūw) to be high,
‫ معلم‬mu‘allam taught, instructed,
trained, schooled; ‫ معلم عليه‬designated,
marked │ ‫ معلم عليه باألحمر‬marked with red
pencil
‫ متعلم‬muta‘allim apprentice; educated;
an educated person
‫‘ علن‬alana u, ‘aluna u (‫‘ علن‬alāniya) to be or
become known, manifest, evident III to
indicate, make known, reveal, disclose (‫ه‬
‫ ب‬to s.o. s.th.) IV to manifest, reveal,
make known (‫ ھـ‬s.th.); to make public,
publicize, publish, disclose, declare,
announce, proclaim, promulgate (‫ ھـ‬s.th.);
to state frankly (‫ ھـ الى‬to s.o. s.th.); to
announce (‫ ان‬that); to issue a summons (
‫ الى‬to s.o.); to give notice (‫ عن‬of); to
advertise (‫ عن‬s.th., e.g., the rent or sale of
s.th. in a newspaper); to give evidence (‫عن‬
of), indicate, show, betray, bespeak (‫عن‬
s.th.) │ ‫( اعلن الحرب عليه‬ḥarba) to declare
war on s.o. VIII = I; :x: - I; to seek to
bring out or to disclose (‫ ھـ‬s.th.); to bring
to light (‫ ھـ‬s.th.)
‫‘ علنا‬alanan openly, overtly, publicly, in
public
‫‘ علني‬alanī open, overt, public
‫‘ علن‬alin open, overt, public; evident,
patent
‫‘ عالنية‬alānīya openness, overtness,
publicness, publicity (as opposed to
secrecy); ‘alāniyatan openly, overtly,
publicly, patently, in public
‫ اعالن‬i‘lān pl. -āt publication,
promulgation; revelation, manifestation;
proclamation; declaration, statement,
pronouncement; announcement, notice;
advertising, publicity (‫ عن‬for);
advertisement, ad; poster, bill, placard │
‫ اعالن حضور‬i. ḥuḍūr summons; ‫اعالن الحرب‬
i. al-ḥarb declaration of war; ‫اعالن عدم الثقة‬
i. ‘adam at-tiqa vote of “no confidence”;
‫( اعالنات مبوبة‬mubawwaba) classified ads;
‫( اعالنات ضوئية‬ḍau’īya) electric signs, sky
signs
‫ معلن‬mu‘lin announcer, master of
ceremonies (e.g., in a cabaret)
‫ معلن‬mu‘lan: ‫ معلن اليه‬summoned (before
a court)
elevated, rise high, loom, tower up; to
rise, ascend; to ring out (voice); to heave
(chest); to be higher or taller (‫ عن‬or ‫ ه‬،‫ھـ‬
than s.o., than s.th.), (over)top (‫ عن‬or ‫ ه‬،‫ھـ‬
s.o., s.th.), tower (‫ عن‬or ‫ ه‬،‫ ھـ‬over s.o., 637
over s.th.), be located or situated higher (
‫ عن‬or ‫ ھـ‬than s.th.); to be attached, fixed or
fastened above or on top of s.th. (‫ ;)ھـ‬to
rise (‫ عن‬or ‫ ھـ‬above s.th.); to exceed,
excel, surpass (‫ ه‬،‫ ھـ‬or ‫ عن‬s.o., s.th.); to be
too high (‫ ه‬،‫ ھـ‬or ‫ عن‬for s.o., for s.th.); to
overcome, overwhelm (‫ على‬or ‫ ه‬s.o.), get
the better of s.o. (‫ ;)ه‬to turn upward; to
ascend, mount, climb, scale (‫ ھـ‬s.th.); to
overspread, cover (‫ ھـ‬s.th.), come, descend
(‫ ه‬،‫ ھـ‬upon s.o., upon s.th.), befall, seize (
‫ ه‬،‫ ھـ‬s.o., s.th.) │ ‫ عال به‬to raise s.th. or s.o.;
to exalt, extol s.o.; ‫( علت به السن‬sinnu) be
bad attained great age, he was an old man;
‫( عال صوته ب‬ṣautuhū) hie voice rang out
with ..., he exclaimed ... aloud; -- ‫على‬
‘aliya a (‫‘ عالء‬alā’) to be high, elevated; to
excel, stand out, surpass; -- ‫‘ على‬alā i
(‘aly) to climb (‫ السطح‬as-saṭḥa to the roof)
│ ‫( عال األداة الصدأ‬adāta, ṣada’u) rust has
covered the tool; ‫علت وجھه صفرة األموات‬
‘alat wajhahū ṣufrat l-a. deathly pallor
suffused his face; ‫‘ علته السآمة‬alathu s-
sa’āma he was overcome by fatigue; ‫علت‬
‫‘ شفتيه رغوة‬alat šafataihi ragwa foam
appeared on his lips II to raise, raise aloft,
lift, hoist, lift up, elevate, uplift, exalt (‫ ه‬،‫ھـ‬
s.o., s.th.) IV = II │ ‫( اعلى شأنه‬ša’nahū) to
play up, stress, emphasize s.th., put
emphasis on s.th.; to further, promote,
advance s.th.; to raise s.o.’s prestige V to
rise, become high VI to rise, lift, ascend,
rise aloft; to resound, ring out; to be high,
exalted, sublime (esp. of God); to deem
o.s. above s.o. or s.th. (‫)على‬, look down (
‫ على‬on s.o. or s.th.); to stay away (‫عن‬
from); ‫ تعال‬ta‘āla come (here)! come on!
Let’s go! forward! VIII to rise, lift,
ascend, rise aloft; to rise high, tower up; to
mount, ascend, climb, scale (‫ ھـ‬s.th.); to
step (up) (‫ ھـ‬on s.th.); to be enthroned, be
perched (‫ ھـ‬on s.th.); to tower (‫ ھـ‬above
s.th.); to ascend the throne; to accede to a
high office X to rise, to tower (‫ على‬above);
to master (‫ على‬s.th.); to take possession (
‫ على‬of s.th.), appropriate (‫ على‬s.th.)
‫‘ عل‬alu: ‫ من عل‬min ‘alu from above
‫‘ علو‬ulūw height, tallness, elevation,
altitude; greatness, grandeur, highness,
exaltedness, sublimity │ ‫‘ علو الصوت‬u. aṣ-
ṣaut sound volume, sound intensity; ‫علو‬
‫‘ الكعب‬u. al-ka‘b high, outstanding position
‫‘ علوي‬ulwī upper; heavenly, divine │
‫( ارادة علوية‬irāda) supreme will, divine
decree
‫‘ علوي‬alawī upper; heavenly, celestial;
Alawi (adj. and n.); pl. ‫ العلويون‬the Alawis
(official name of the Nusairis inhabiting
the coastal district of Latakia in NW
Syria)
‫‘ على‬ulan height, tallness, elevation,
altitude; highness, exaltedness,
augustness, sublimity; high rank
‫‘ على‬alā (prep.) on, upon, on top of,
above, over (place, rank); at, on, by; in, in
the state of, in the manner of, in
possession of; to, toward, for; in addition
to; to the debit of, to the disadvantage of;
against, in spite of, despite; on the basis
of, on the strength of, by virtue of, due to.
upon; by, through; according to. in
accordance with, pursuant to; to (one’s
taste, one’s mind, one’s liking, etc.);
during; (as to syntactical regimen see
under respective verb) │ ‫ من على‬from
above from upon ..., from the top of …;
‫( على ان‬an, anna) on the condition that …,
provided that ...; although, though, albeit;
‫( على ان‬anna) (introducing a main clause)
however, but, on the other hand,
nevertheless, yet, still, ... though; ‫على انه‬
(in the subjective notion or view that …,
i.e.) as, e.g.: ‫جنى ثمرات األرض على انھا نعمة‬
٦٣٨ ‫ اآللھة‬janā tamarāti l-arḍi ‘alā annahā
ni‘matu l-āliha he reaped the fruits of the
earth (accepting them) as a boon bestowed
by the grace of the gods; ‫على ظھر الخيل‬
(ẓahr l-kail) on horseback; ‫على ظھر الباخرة‬
aboard the steamer; ‫( السالم عليكم‬salāmu)
may peace be upon you │ ‫على الرأس والعين‬
‘alā r-ra’s wa-l-‘ain very gladly! with
pleasure! ‫ على رؤوس األشھاد‬publicly, for
everyone to see; ‫ جلس على النار‬he was
sitting by the fire; ‫( على يمينه‬yamīnihī) to
(at) his right; ‫( على كل حال‬kulli) or ‫على كل‬
(kullin) in any case, at any rate; ‫على‬
‫ الخصوص‬especially, particularly,
specifically; ‫( على اإلطالق‬iṭlāq) absolutely,
unrestrictedly, without exception, in any
respect, under any circumstances; ‫على‬
‫ التقريب‬approximately, almost, nearly,
about, circa; ‫( على التوالي‬tawālī)
continuously, incessantly, in uninterrupted
succession; ‫( على ضوء‬ḍau’i) or ‫على نور‬
(nūri) in the light of ...; ‫كان على حق‬
(ḥaqqin) or ‫ كان على الحق‬to be on the right
way, have hit on the right thing, be right;
‫ كان على الباطل‬or ‫( كان على خطأ‬kaṭa’in) to be
on the wrong way, be wrong, be mistaken;
‫( ھو على احسن ما يرام‬aḥsani, yurām) he is as
well as you can possibly wish (for him);
‫ ھو على شيء من‬... he has certain ...; ‫ھو على‬
‫( شيء من الذكاء‬dakā’) he has a good deal of
intelligence; ‫ ليس ھذا على شيء‬there is
nothing in it, it’s worthless; ‫ليس من ھذا كله‬
‫ على شيء‬all this is unfamiliar to him; he
doesn’t understand a thing about it; ‫كان على‬
‫( دين المسيح‬dīni l-m.) to belong to the
Christian religion, be a Christian; ‫كان على‬
‫‘( علم ب‬ilmin) to be informed about. be
acquainted with ...; ‫ كان على انتظاره‬to wait
for s.o. or s.th.; ‫ على غير شيء‬for no reason;
‫ على بصيرة من األمر‬in cognizance of the
matter, knowing the matter; ‫على غير معالفة‬
‫( منه‬ma‘rifatin) without his knowing about
it, without his knowledge, unwittingly;
‫ ه‬،‫ عليك ب )ھـ‬or) take ...! help yourself
to ...! make use of ...! ‫( عليك بالصبر‬bi-ṣ-
ṣabr) you must have patience! ‫ علينا به‬he is
the one we must have! ‫‘( علي به‬alayya)
bring, give him (or it) to me! I must have
him (or it)! ‫ عليه ان‬it is incumbent on him
to …; it’s his duty to ...; he must …, he
will have to ...; ‫ ال عليك‬don’t worry! ‫ال عليه‬
never mind! It’s nothing! no harm done!
(indicating forgiveness, indulgence); ‫ماعلينا‬
what of it! what does it matter! let’s forget
it! ‫ ما عليك من‬don’t worry about ..., don’t
mind …’ don’t give … a thought; ‫ما عليه ان‬
he doesn’t care if ; it’s of little importance
to him that …; ‫( علي حساب‬ḥisābihī) at his
expense; ‫( عليه دين‬dain) he is in debt(s); ‫ھو‬
‫( على سنه قوي‬sinnihī qawīy) he bears his
years well; ‫‘ عالم‬alāma wherefore? what
for? why? ‫ استيقظ علي االذان‬istaiqaẓa ‘alā l-
adān he awoke over the call to prayer, he
was awakened by the azan; ‫قيل على لسانه ما‬
(qīla, lisānihī) he was supposed to have
said things which …, statements were
ascribed to him which ...; ‫( على يده‬yadihī)
through him, by him, at his hand; ‫على ذلك‬
in this manner, thus; accordingly, hence;
‫( على ما يقال‬yuqālu) as they say, as it is
said; ‫‘ على حسب‬alā ḥasabi (prep.)
according to, in accordance with,
commensurate with, depending on; ‫علي‬
‫‘( طوع منھا‬alā) with her obeying, without
opposition on her part; ‫ على عادته‬according
to his habit, as was his wont, as he used to
do; ‫( علي ما يقال‬yuqālu) suddenly, all of a
sudden, unawares, unexpectedly; ‫على عھد‬
(‘ahdi) at the time of
‫‘ علي‬alīy high, tall, elevated: exalted,
sublime, lofty, august, excellent: ‫ العلي‬the
Most High, the Supreme (one of the
attributes of God) │ ‫( الدولة العلية‬daula)
name of the old Ottoman Empire
‫‘ علية‬ilya (pl. of ‫‘ علي‬alīy): ‫ علية‬,‫علية الناس‬
‫ القوم‬upper class, people of distinction,
prominent people 639
‫‘ علية‬ullīya, ‘illīya pl. ‫‘ عاللي‬alālīy
upper room, upstairs room
‫‘ عليون‬illīyūn the uppermoot heaven;
loftiest heights
‫‘ عالء‬alā’ high rank, high standing,
nobility
‫‘ عالة‬alāh pl. ‫‘ عال‬alan anvil
‫‘ علياء‬alyā’2 loftiness, exaltedness,
sublimity, augustness; lofty height;
heaven(s) │ ‫ اھل العلياء‬ahl al-‘a. people of
highest social standing
‫‘ عالوة‬ilāwa addition; increase, raise,
extra allowance, subsidy │ ‫عالوة على‬
(‘ilāwata) in addition to
‫‘ عالية‬alāya height, loftiness
‫ اعلى‬a‘lā, f. ‫‘ عليا‬ulyā, pl. ‫‘ على‬ulan, ‫اعال‬
a‘ālin higher, highest; upper, uppermost;
‫ اعال‬a‘ālin the highest portion of s.th.;
heights, peaks (fig.) │ ‫ اعاله‬a‘lāhu further
up, above; ‫ مذكور اعاله‬above-mentioned;
‫( مؤتمر )منعقد( على اعلى مستوى‬mu’tamar
mun‘aqid, mustawan) top-level
conference; ‫ بأعلى صوت‬bi-a‘lā ṣautin very
loud, at the top of one’s voice; ‫سفينة اعالي‬
‫ البحار‬seagoing vessel; ‫ اعالي النيل‬a. n-nīl the
upper course of the Nile
‫ معال‬ma‘ālin (pl.): ‫ معالى األمور‬noble
things; ‫ صاحب المعالي‬or ‫ معاليه‬ma‘ālīhi His
Excellency, ‫ معالي الوزير‬His Excellency the
Minister (title of cabinet ministers)
 ‫ تعلية‬ta‘liya elevation, enhancement,
uplift, exaltation; raising (e.g., of the
voice)
‫ اعالء‬i‘lā’ elevation, enhancement,
uplift, exaltation; raising, lifting │ ‫اعالء‬
‫ شأن الشيء‬i. ša’ni š. boosting, furtherance,
promotion, or advancement of s.th.
‫ اعتالء‬i‘tilā’ ascension (e.g., to the
throne); accession to office (e.g., of a
cabinet minister)
‫ استعالء‬isti‘lā’ superiority
‫‘ عال‬ālin high, tall, elevated; loud,
strong (voice); higher (as opposed to
elementary); lofty, exalted, sublime, high-
ranking, of high standing; excellent, first-
class, first-rate, outstanding, of top quality
(commodity) │ ‫ الباب العالي‬the Sublime
Porte; ‫( ضغط عال‬ḍagṭ) high voltage, high
tension (el.); ‫( تواتر عال‬tawātur) high
frequency (el.); ‫‘ عاليه‬āliyahū above,
above-mentioned (in letters; esp. in
official and business style); ‫مذكور بعاليه‬
(bi-‘ālīhi) above-mentioned; (eg.) ‫عال العال‬
‘āl al-āl excellent, first-rate, top-quality,
A-l (merchandise)
‫ متعال‬muta‘ālin high, elevated, lofty,
exalted; resounding, ringing; ‫ المتعالي‬the
Most High, the Supreme Being (one of the
attributes of God)
‫علوان = عنون‬
‫علوان = عنوان‬
‫ عالية‬،‫ علياء‬،‫ عليون‬،‫ علية‬،‫ على‬see ‫علو‬
1
‫ عم‬abbreviation of the formula ‫عليه السالم‬
(salāmu) may peace be upon him!
2
‫‘ عم‬amma = (‫عن ما<( عما‬
3
‫‘ عم‬amma u (‫‘ عموم‬umūm) to be or become
general, universal, common, prevalent,
comprehensive, all-embracing, to spread,
prevail; -- ‘amma u to comprise, include,
embrace, encompass, pervade (‫ ھـ‬s.th.),
extend, stretch, be spread, be diffused, be
prevailing (‫ ھـ‬all over s.th.) ‫عمت البلوى به‬
(balwā) it has become a general necessity
II to generalize (‫ ھـ‬s.th.); to spread
universally, universalize, popularize,
democratize (‫ ھـ‬s.th.); to make (‫ ھـ‬s.th.)
universally accessible, open (‫ ھـ‬s.th.) to
the public at large; to introduce (‫ ھـ‬s.th.)
universally; to attire (‫ ه‬s.o.) with a turban
V to put on or wear a turban VIII = V
‫‘ عم‬amm pl. ‫‘ عموم‬umūm, ‫ اعمام‬a‘mām
father’s brother, paternal uncle │ ‫ابن العم‬
٦٤٠ ibn al-‘amm cousin on the father’s
side; ‫ بنت العم‬bint al-‘amm female cousin
on the father’s side
‫‘ عمة‬amma pl. -āt paternal aunt
‫‘ عمة‬imma turban
‫‘ عميم‬amīm general, universal, common,
prevalent; all-comprehensive
‫‘ عموم‬umūm generality, universality,
prevalence; whole, total, totality,
aggregate; ‫ العموم‬the (general) public, the
public at large; ‫‘ عموما‬umūman in general,
generally │ ‫ خصوصا‬-- ‫ عموما‬in general in
particular; ‫ علي العموم‬in general, generally;
‫ بوجه العموم‬bi-wajhi l-‘u. generally
speaking, in general; ‫‘( في عموم القطر‬u. il-
quṭr) throughout the country; ‫مجلس العموم‬
majlis al-‘u. the House of Commons, the
Lower House; ‘umūm frequently replaces
‫‘ عمومي‬umūmī in compound terms of
administrative language, e.g.: ‫جامعة عموم‬
‫ العمال‬j. ‘u. al-‘ummāl general federation of
labor; ‫ ادارة عموم الجمارك‬General
Administration of Customs and Tariffs
(Eg.); ‫( ديوان عموم المصلحة‬dīwān ‘u. al-
maṣlaḥa) administration headquarters,
chief administration office; ‫ديوان عموم المالية‬
d. ‘u. al-mālīya General Administration of
Finances (Eg.); ‫ تفتيش عموم الري‬t. ‘u. ar-
riyy General Inspectorate of Irrigation
(Eg.); ‫ مفتش عموم النيل الجنوبي‬mufattiš ‘u. an-
nīl al-janūbī Inspector General for the
Southern Nile (Eg.)
‫‘ عمومي‬umūmī public; universal;
general; common; state, civil, public │
‫( جمعية عمومية‬jam‘īya) plenary session;
general assembly; ‫( دار الكتب العمومية‬dār al-
kutub) public library; ‫ اشغال عمومية‬public
works; ‫( الصندوق العمومي‬ṣundūq) public
treasure
‫‘ عمومة‬umūma uncleship, unclehood;
pl. of ‫‘ عم‬amm
‫‘ عمامة‬imāma pl. ‫‘ عمائم‬amā’im2 turban
‫ تعميم‬ta‘mīm generalization,
universalization, general propagation or
 diffusion, popularization, democratization;
vulgarization
‫‘ عام‬āmm public; universal, prevalent;
general; common │ ‫( األمن العام‬amn) public
security; ‫( مدير عام‬mudīr) director general,
general manager; ‫( الرأي العام‬ra’y) public
opinion; ‫ الصالح العام‬or ‫المصلحة العامة‬
(maṣlaḥa) public welfare, the
commonweal; ‫( الخاص والعام‬kāṣṣ) high and
low, all men, all, everybody (also ‫العام‬
‫)والخاص‬
‫‘ عامة‬āmma generality; commonalty;
the masses, the people; ‫‘ عامة‬āmmatan in
general; genera.lly; oommonly, altogether,
in ths aggregate, collectively │ -- ‫خاصة‬
‫( عامة‬kāṣṣatan) in particular -- in general;
‫ عامة الناس‬the common people, the masses,
the populace; ‫( الخاصة والعامة‬kāṣṣa) high
and low, all men, all, everybody
‫ العوام‬al-‘awāmm (pl. of ‫‘ عامة‬āmma) the
common people, the populace; the laity
(Chr.)
‫‘ عامي‬āmmī common, vulgar, plebeian,
ordinary, popular: ordinary person, man in
the street; ‫ العامية‬al-‘āmmīya popular
language, colloquial language
‫ معمم‬mu‘ammam wearing a turban,
turbaned
4
‫‘ عما‬ammā = ‫عن ما‬
‫‘ عمد‬amada i (‘amd) to support, prop,
shore, buttress (‫ ھـ‬s.th.); to intend, purpose
(‫ ل‬or ‫ الى‬or ‫ ھـ‬s.th.); to betake o.s., repair,
go (‫ ل‬or ‫ الى‬or A to); to approach,
undertake (‫ ل‬or ‫ الى‬s.th.), go, set (‫ ل‬or ‫الى‬
about s.th.), proceed, apply o.s., turn,
attend (‫ ل‬or ‫ الى‬to), embark (‫ ل‬or ‫ الى‬upon);
to take up (‫ الى‬s.th.); to be intent (‫ الى‬on
s.th.): -- ‘amada i to baptize, christen (‫ه‬
s.o.) II to baptize, christen (‫ ه‬s.o.) IV to
support, prop, shore, buttress (٦٤١ ‫ھـ‬
s.th.); to baptize, christen (‫ ه‬s.o.) V to
intend, purpose, do intentionally, do on
purpose (‫ ھـ‬s.th.); to approach (‫ ھـ‬s.th.)
with a definite aim in mind; to single out (
‫ ھـ‬s.o.), aim (‫ ه‬،‫ ھـ‬at); to be baptized, be
christened │ ‫( ما تعمدھا باھانة‬ihāna) he was
not out to insult her, he had no intention of
offending her VIII = V; to lean (‫على‬
against), support one’s weight (‫ على‬on); to
rely, depend (‫ ھـ‬or ‫ ه‬on s.o., on s.th.); to
use as a basis (‫ ھـ‬or ‫ على‬s.th.); to employ,
use, apply (‫ ھـ‬s.th., e.g., a new method); to
confirm (‫ ھـ‬s.th.); to sanction, authorize (‫ھـ‬
s.th.); to loan, give on credit (‫ ھـ ل‬to s.o. a
sum)
‫‘ عمد‬amd intention, intent, design,
purpose; premeditation, willfulness (jur.);
‫‘ عمدا‬amdan intentionally, deliberately, on
purpose; willfully, premeditatedly (jur.) │
‫ شبه العمد‬šibh al-‘a. quasi-deliberate intent
(Isl. Law)
‫‘ عمدي‬amdī intentional, deliberate;
premeditated, willful (jur.)
‫‘ عمدة‬umda support, prop, shore; main
subject, main issue, basic issue (e.g., of a
controversy); (pl. ‫‘ عمد‬umad) chief of a
village, chief magistrate of a small
community (eg.); mayor
‫‘ عماد‬imād pl. ‫‘ عمد‬amad support, prop,
stay (also fig.); bracket, buttress, post,
pole, pillar; -- ‘imād baptism
‫‘ عميد‬amīd pl. ‫‘ عمداء‬umadā’2 support;
head, chief; dean (of a faculty); principal,
headmaster, director (of a secondary
school); doyen, dean (as, of a diplomatic
corps); high commissioner (also ‫العميد‬
‫)السامي‬, resident general; military ranks,
approx. major (Eg. 1939), approx.
lieutenant commander (Eg. 1939), approx.
commanding) general (Ir.), lieutenant
colonel (U.A.R.) │ ‫( عميد ثان‬tānin) a
military rank intermediate between those
of major and captain, Brit.: adjutant-major
(Eg. 1939); a naval rank intermediate
between those of lieutenant commander
and lieutenant (Eg. 1939)
‫‘ عميدة‬amīda principal, headmistress,
directress (of a secondary school for girls)
‫‘ عمود‬amūd pl. ‫ اعمدة‬a‘mida, ‫‘ عمد‬umud
flagpole, shaft (of a standard); pale, post,
prop, shore, pier, buttress; lamppost;
(telephone, telegraph) pole; column,
pillar, pilaster; stem (of a glass); -- (pl.
‫ )اعمدة‬column (of a newspaper); O
element, cell (el.) │ ‫( العمود الشوكي‬šaukī)
the vertebral column, the spine; ‫العمود‬
‫( الفقري‬faqrī) do.; O ‫عمود كھربائي‬
(kahrabā’ī) electrode
 ‫‘ عامود‬āmūd pl. ‫‘ عواميد‬awāmīd2 = ‫عمود‬
‘amūd │ O ‫ عامود القيادة‬steering column,
steering mechanism (of an automobile)
‫‘ عمودي‬amūdī columnar, pillar-shaped;
vertical, perpendicular, upright │ ‫طائرة‬
‫ عمودية‬helicopter
‫ يوحنا المعمدان‬yūḥannā l-ma‘madān John
the Baptist
‫ تعميد‬ta‘mād baptism
‫ تعمد‬ta‘ammud intention, intent, design;
resolution, determination, purpose; ‫تعمدا‬
ta‘ammudan and ‫ بتعمد‬intentionally,
deliberately, willfully, on purpose,
premeditatedly
‫ تعمدي‬ta‘ammudī intentional, deliberate,
premeditated, willful
‫ اعتماد‬i‘timād reliance, dependence (‫على‬
on), confidence, trust (‫ علي‬in);
confirmation; sanction, approbation,
authorization; accreditation (of
diplomats); (pl. -āt) credit, loan │ ‫االعتماد‬
‫( على النفس‬nafs) self-confidence, self-
reliance; ‫ كتب االعتماد‬kutub al-i‘t. or ‫اوراق‬
‫ االعتماد‬aurāq al-i‘t. credentials (of
diplomats); ‫( اعتماد اضافي‬iḍāfī)
supplementary loan 642
‫ معمودية‬ma‘mūdīya baptism; baptismal
font
‫ معمد‬mu‘ammad baptizee, one receiving
baptism
‫ متعمد‬muta‘ammid deliberate,
premeditated, willful; intentional
‫ معتمد‬mu‘tamad reliable, dependable;
object of reliance, support; sanctioned,
approved, authorized; accredited;
commissioner, authorized agent, proxy,
envoy, representative; commissary,
commissar │ ‫( المعتمد السامي‬sāmī) the High
Commissioner; ‫( معتمد قنصلي‬qunṣulī)
consular agent (dipl.)
‫ معتمدية‬mu‘tamadīya legation (dipl.)
‫‘ عمر‬amara u i (‘amr, ‘umr) to live
long, be longevous; -- u i, ‘amura u (‫عمارة‬
‘amāra) to thrive, prosper, flourish,
flower, bloom; to be or become inhabited,
peopled, populated, civilized, cultivated;
to be full, filled, filled up; -- ‘mara u to
fill with life, cause to thrive, make
prosperous; to inhabit (‫ ھـ‬s.th.), live, dwell
(‫ ھـ‬in s.th.); to fill, pervade (‫ جوانحه‬s.o.’s
heart), reign (‫ جوانحه‬in s.o.’s heart); to
build, erect, construct, raise, rebuild,
reconstruct, restore (‫ ھـ‬s.th.) II to let (‫ه‬
s.o.) live, preserve (‫ ه‬s.o.) alive; to prolong
s.o.’s (‫ )ه‬life, grant long life (‫ ه‬to s.o.; of
God); to populate, people (‫ ه‬s.th.); to
build, erect, construct, raise, rebuild,
reconstruct, restore, repair, overhaul,
refurbish, recondition (‫ ھـ‬a building); to
provide, furnish, supply, fill (‫ ب ھـ‬s.th.
with, e.g., the lamp with oil, the censer
with charcoal, the goblet with wine); to
load (‫ ھـ‬a gun); to fill (‫ ھـ‬a pipe); to fill in (
‫ ھـ‬a form, a blank; tun.) │ ‫عمر وقته‬
(waqtahū) to take up, or claim, s.o.’s time
IV to populate, people (‫ ھـ‬s.th.); to
perform the ‘umra (q.v.) VIII to visit (‫ ه‬،‫ھـ‬
s.o., s.th.); to perform the ‘umra (q.v.) X
to settle (‫ في‬s.o. in); to settle, colonize (‫ھـ‬
s.th.); to turn (‫ ھـ‬a country) into a colony
‫‘ عمر‬umr (‘amr in oaths) pl. ‫اعمار‬
a‘mār life, duration of life, life span,
lifetime; age (of a person) │ ‫لعمري‬
la-‘amrī upon my life! ‫ لعمر ﷲ‬la-‘amru
llāhi by the everlasting existence of God!
by the Eternal God! ‫ ذات العمرين‬dāt
al-‘umrain amphibian (n.); ‫عمره عشرين سنة‬
(‘išrīna sanatan) he is twenty years old
‫‘ عمرة‬amra headgear (e.g., turban);
(eg.) repair, repair work
‫‘ عمرة‬amra pilgrimage to Mecca (the
so-called “minor hadj” which, unlike the
hadj proper, need not be performed at a
particular time of the year and whose
performance involves fewer ceremonies)
‫‘ عمرى‬umrā donation for life (Isl. Law)
‫‘ عمارة‬amāra (naval) fleet
‫‘ عماارة‬imāra pl. -āt, ‫‘ عمائر‬amā’ir2
building, edifice, structure; real estate,
tract lot; ‫ العمارة‬or ‫ فن العمارة‬fann al-‘i. or
‫ ھندسة العمارة‬handasat al-‘i. architecture, art
of building
‫‘ عمران‬umrān inhabitedness, activity,
bustling life, thriving, flourishing,
prosperity (as opposed to ‫ خراب‬karāb);
populousness and prosperity (of a
country); culture, civilization; building,
edifice, structure
 ‫‘ عمراني‬umrānī cultural, civilizational;
serving, or pertaining to, cultural
development
‫‘ عمارية‬ammārīya camel-borne sedan
and the virgin riding in it into battle
‫ اعمر‬a'mGrl more inhabited, more
populated, more populous; more
cultivated, more civilized; more
flourishing, more thriving
‫ معمار‬mi‘mār builder, architect; mason
643
‫ معماري‬mi‘mārī architectonic,
architectural; - (pl. .IIP) builder, architect;
mason │ ‫( مھندس معماري‬muhandis) builder,
architect; ‫( الفن المعماري‬fann) art of
building, architecture
‫ تعمير‬ta‘mīr building, construction,
election; restoration, repair, overhauling,
refurbishing, reconditioning; filling,
filling-up
‫ تعميرة‬ta‘mīra filling, fiIling-up
‫ استعمار‬isti‘mār colonizing,
colonization, foundation of colonies;
imperialistic exploitation; imperialism,
colonialism
‫ استعماري‬isti‘mārī colonial; colonizer;
imperialistic
‫ استعمارية‬isti‘mārīya imperialism,
colonialism
‫‘ عامر‬āmir inhabited; peopled,
populated, populous; full, filled, filled up;
jammed, crowded, filled to capacity (‫ب‬
with); amply provided, splendidly
furnished; civilized; cultivated (land);
flourishing, thriving, prosperous; ‫ العامر‬is a
frequent epithet of castles, palaces, etc., of
ruling houses │ ‫( عامر باألمل‬amal) full of
hope; ‫‘ عامر الجيب‬a. al-jaib with a full
pocket; ‫‘( عامر الذمة ل‬ā. ad-dimma) obliged
to s.o., committed to s.o.; ‫‘( عامر النفس‬ā.
an-nafs) obsessed by, possessed by; ‫ام عامر‬
umm ‘āmir hyena (zool.); ‫نھوض عامر‬
voluptuous bosoms
‫ معمور‬ma‘mūr inhabited, populated,
populous; ‫ المعمور‬or ‫ المعمورة‬the (inhabited)
world │ ‫ )في كل انحاء المعمور )المعمورة‬all
over the world, throughout the world
‫ معمر‬mu’ammir pl. -ūn colonist
‫ معمر‬mu‘ammar pl. -ūn senior (in
sports)
‫ مستعمر‬musta‘mir colonial,
imperialistic; settler, colonist; foreign
conqueror, invader; imperialist
‫ مستعمرة‬musta‘mara pl. -āt colony,
settlement │ O ‫( مستعمرة مستقلة‬mustaqilla)
dominion
‫ اعمش‬a‘maš2 affected with an eye disease,
blear-eyed
‫‘ عماص‬umāš (eg.) mucous discharge of the
eye, rheum
‫‘ عمق‬amuqa u (‘umq, ‫‘ عماقة‬amāqa) to be or
become deep, profound II to deepen, make
deep or deeper (‫ ھـ‬s.th.) IV = II V to
penetrate deeply, go deeply (‫ ھـ‬or ‫ في‬into
s.th.), become absorbed (‫ ھـ‬or ‫ في‬in)
‫‘ عمق‬amq, ‘umq pl. ‫ اعماق‬a‘māq depth,
profoundness, profundity; bottom │ ‫من‬
‫( اعماق قلبه‬a. qalbihī) from the bottom of
his heart, from the depth of his soul; ‫من‬
‫( اعماق النفس‬a. in-nafs) do.
‫‘ عميق‬amīq deep (also of feelings),
profound
‫‘ عمل‬amila a (‘amal) to do, act, operate, be
active, work (also: ‫ في‬in a field); to make,
produce, manufacture, fabricate, perform,
carry out, execute (‫ ھـ‬s.th.); to act (‫ب‬
according to, in accordance with, on the
strength of, on the basis of); to operate,
put into operation, set going (‫ ب‬s.th.); to
plan, contrive, seek to accomplish,
practice, pursue (‫ على‬s.th.), aim, work
away (‫ ل‬or ‫ على‬at), be out, strive (‫ ل‬or ‫على‬
for), apply o.s. (‫ على‬to), take pains,
endeavor, exert o.s. (‫ على‬to do s.th.), be
active (‫ على‬in the service of s.th.); to
process, work, treat (‫ في‬s.th.); to act (‫في‬
upon s.th.), affect (‫ في‬s.th.); (gram.) to
govern (‫ في‬a syntactical member) │ ‫يعمل به‬
(yu‘malu) it is valid, is effective, is in
force (e.g., an ordinance); ‫ عمل ترتيبات‬to
make arrangements or preparations; ‫عمل‬
‫( اعماله‬a‘mālahū) to behave, or act, like
s.o.; ‫( ال به يعمل وال علي يعول‬yu‘malu,
yu‘awawalu) null and void II to appoint as
vicegerent or governor (‫ ه على‬s.o. over,
of); to fester, suppurate, be purulent
(wound) 644 III to apply (‫ ه ب‬toward s.o.
s.th.); to treat (‫ ب ه‬s.o. in a manner),
proceed, deal (‫ ب‬with s.o. in a manner); to
trade, do business (‫ ه‬with s.o.) │ ‫عامله بالمثل‬
bi-l-mitl) to repay s.o. like for like, treat
s.o. in like manner IV to make (‫ ھـ‬s.th.)
work, put to work, operate, put into
operation, bring to bear, employ, woe (‫ھـ‬
s.th.); ‫ ب‬or ‫ اعمل ھـ في‬to putter, or tinker,
with s.th. about s.th. else, work with s.th.
on s.th. else │ ‫( اعمل الفكر‬fikra) to busy the
mind, think, reflect, ponder, muse; ‫اعمل‬
‫( السيف في رقابھم‬saifa) he caused a massacre
among them, had them massacred V to go
to a lot of trouble, take great pains, spend
much effort VI to trade, do business (with
one another); to trade, do business (‫مع‬
with) VIII to work, be active, operate X to
apply (‫ ھـ‬s.th.), use, employ (‫ ه‬،‫ ھـ‬s.o.,
s.th.); to put into operation, operate, run (
‫ ھـ‬s.th.); to place s.o. (‫ )ه‬at the head of s.th.
(‫)على‬, install, instate (‫ على ه‬s.o. over) │
‫( استعمل معه وسائل القسوة‬wasā’il l-qaswa) he
brought severe measures to bear upon him
‫‘ عمل‬amal doing, acting, action,
activity; work, labor; course of action,
way of acting, practice; achievement,
accomplishment; activity (‫ على‬for), work (
‫ على‬in the service of s.th.); making,
production, manufacture, fabrication;
performance, execution; make,
workmanship; practical work, practice; --
(pl. ‫ اعمال‬a‘māl) act, action; operation
(mil.); work, job, chore, labor; deed, feat,
achievement, exploit; occupation,
business; trade, craft, handicraft;
vicegerency, province, district;
administrative district (e.g., Eg., Tun.);
‫ العمل ب‬validity, effectiveness of s.th. (e.g.,
of an ordinance, and the like) │ ‫اجراء العمل‬
‫( ب‬ijrā’ al-‘a.) enforcement,
implementation of s.th.; ‫ ما العمل‬what’s to
be done now! what’s there to be done?
what can you do? ‫‘( عمال ب‬amalan) in
execution of, in pursuance of, according
to, pursuant to, is stipulated by; ‫اعمال حربية‬
(ḥarbīya) belligerent, or warlike, acts,
military operations; ‫(األعمال األربعة‬arba‘a)
the first four rules of arithmetic; ‫اعمال‬
‫( منزلية‬manzilīya) household chores,
household work; ‫( اعمال يدوية‬yadawīya)
handiwork(s), manual work; ‫صاحب العمل‬
employer
‫‘ عملي‬amalī work-, working- (in
compounds); serving practical purposes,
practical; applied; ‫‘ عمليا‬amalīyan
practically, in practice │ ‫الحياة العملية‬
practical life, workaday life, professional
life; ‫( المذھب العملي‬madhab) pragmatism;
‫ السياسة العملية‬practical policy, “Realpolitik”
‫‘ عملية‬amalīya pl. -āt work, job; action,
activity; making, manufacture, fabrication,
production; procedure, method, technique;
operation (as an action done as part of
practical work; med.; mil.); process │
‫( عملية قيصرية‬qaiṣarīya) Caesarean section
‫‘ عملة‬amla evil deed │ ‫ بعملة‬in the very
act, red-handedly, flagrante delicto
‫‘ عملة‬umla wages, pay; currency;
current money, currency in circulation;
money │ ‫ عملة زائفة‬counterfeit money; ‫عملة‬
‫( سھلة‬sahla) soft currency; ‫عملة صعبة‬
(ṣa‘ba) hard currency; ‫ مزيف العملة‬muzayyif
al-‘u. counterfeiter; ‫ تھريب العملة‬currency
smuggling
‫‘ عميل‬amīl pl. ‫‘ عمالء‬umalā’2 (business)
representative; agent (also pol.);
commission merchant (com.); customer,
patron; patient; client
‫‘ عمي‬amīla woman customer, woman
client
O ‫‘ عميلة‬umaila pl. -āt erg (unit of
energy or work; phys.)
‫‘ عمالة‬amāla pl. -āt wages, pay;
brokerage, commission; department,
district, province; (Alg.) prefecture,
administrative district 645
‫‘ عمولة‬amūla brokerage, commission
‫‘ عمالي‬ummālī labor, workers’ (in
compounds) │ ‫ صحيفة عمالية‬labor organ,
labor (news)paper
‫ معمل‬ma‘mal pl. ‫ معامل‬ma‘āmil2 factory,
mill; workshop, plant, works,
establishment; institute; laboratory; pl.
‫ معامل‬industrial plant │ ‫ معمل البحث‬ma‘mal
al-baḥt research institute; ‫معمل التكرير‬
refinery; ‫ معمل اللبن‬m. al-laban dairy
‫ معاملة‬mu‘āmala pl. -āt treatment;
procedure; social intercourse, social life,
association (with one another); behavior,
conduct (toward others); business;
transaction; (esp. in pl.) mutual relations,

business relations; pl. ‫ معامالت‬handling (of
freight, luggage, etc.) │ ‫( المعاملة بالمثل‬mitl)
reciprocity (in international trade); ‫شرط‬
‫ معاملة الدول األكثر رعاية‬m. id-duwali l-
akaṭari ri‘āyatan most-favored nation
clause (dipl.)
‫ تعمل‬ta‘ammul affectedness, affectation,
finicality, mannerism
‫ تعامل‬ta‘āmul commercial intercourse,
trade relations, trade, dealings,
transactions; business transactions (stock
exchange); (pl. -āt) O reaction (chem..)
‫ استعمال‬isti‘māl application, use,
employment; utilization, exploitation;
operation, handling (e.g., of a machine) │
‫ سھل االستعمال‬sahl al-ist. easy to handle; ‫سوء‬
‫ االسعتمال‬sū’ al-ist. abuse, misuse; ‫شائع‬
‫ االستعمال‬in general use, commonly used,
generally accepted; ‫ اساء استعماله‬asā’a
sti‘mālahū to abuse, misuse, misemploy
s.th.
‫‘ عامل‬āmil active; effective; -- (pl. ‫عوامل‬
‘awāmil2) factor, constituent, element,
(causative) agent, motive power; word
governing another in syntactical regimen,
regent (gram.); -- (pl. ‫‘ عمال‬ummāl) maker,
producer, manufacturer; doer, perpetrator,
author; worker, workman, workingman,
laborer; wage earner, employee; governor,
vicegerent, lieutenant; administrative
officer at the head of a ‘amal (Tun.);
(Alg.) district president, prefect (of a
‘amala) │ ‫( الجيش العامل‬jail) the regular, or
active, army; ‫‘( تحت عامل الغضب‬a. il-gadab)
in wrathful agitation, infuriated; ‫حزب العمال‬
ḥizb al-‘u. labor party (specif., the Brit.
Labour Party); ‫‘( عضو عامل‬uḍw) active
member
‫ معمول به‬ma‘mūl bihī in force, effective,
valid; in use, applied
‫ المعاميل‬al-ma‘āmīl the coffee
implements (Bedouin)
‫ معامل‬mu‘āmil O coefficient (math.)
‫ مستعمل‬musta‘mil user
‫ مستعمل‬musta‘mal employed, used also
= not new, secondhand); in use applied
‫‘ عمالق‬imlāq pl. ‫‘ عمالقة‬amāliqa Amalekite;
gigantic, giant, huge; a giant │ ‫عمالقة البحار‬
huge ocean liners
1
‫‘ عمن‬ammān = ‫‘ عن من‬an man
2
‫‘ عمان‬umān Oman, sultanate in SE Arabia
‫‘ عماني‬umānī Omani, Oman (adj.)
3
‫‘ عمان‬ammān2 Amman (the ancient
Philadelphia, capital city of the Hashemite
Kingdom of Jordan)
‫‘ عمه‬amiha a (‘amah) to wander about, stray,
rove; to stray (‫ عن‬from)
‫‘ عمي‬amiya a (‘aman) to be or become blind,
lose one’s eyesight; to be blind (‫ عن‬to
s.th.); to be obscure (‫ على‬to s.o.) II to
blind, render blind (‫ ه‬s.o.); to blindfold (‫ه‬
s.o.); to obscure, render cryptic, enigmatic
or mysterious, mystify (‫ ھـ‬s.th.) IV to
blind, render blind (‫ ه‬s.o.); to blindfold (‫ه‬
s.o.); to make (‫ ه‬s.o.) blind (‫ عن‬to a fact) V
to be or become 646 blind, lose one’s
eyesight VI to shut one’s eyes (‫ عن‬on
s.th.), pretend not to see (‫ عن‬s.th.); to be
blind (‫ عن‬to)
‫‘ عمى‬aman blindness
‫‘ عمية‬amīya ignorance, folly
‫‘ عماء‬amā’ heavy clouds
‫‘ عماية‬amāya ignorance, folly
‫ اعمى‬a‘mā, f. ‫‘ عمياء‬amyā’2, pl. ‫عمي‬
‘umy or ‫‘ عميان‬umyān blind
‫ معماة‬ma‘māh pl. ‫ معام‬ma‘āmin roadless
desert, roadless area
‫ تعام‬ta‘āmin blindness, (state of)
delusion
‫ معمى‬mu‘amman pl. ‫معميات‬
mu‘ammayāt riddle, puzzle
1
‫‘ عن‬an (prep.) off, away from; from
(designating the source); out of (a
feeling); about, on (a topic); according to,
as attested or declared by, from what ...
says, on the authority of; on the basis of,
on the strength of; for, in defense of; as a
substitute for; (as to syntactical regimen
see under respective verb) │ ‫عن يمينه‬
(yamīnihī) to (or at) his or its right, at (or
on) his or its right side, to the right of him
or it; ‫( على ارتفاع الف قدم عن سطح البحر‬alfi
qadamin, saṭḥI l-baḥr) 1000 feet above
see level; ‫( عن طريق‬ṭarīqi) by way of, via;
by means of, through; ‫ اليك عني‬ilaika ‘annī
away from me! ‫( عن امره‬amrihī) by s.o.’s
 2
order(s). at s.o.’s instigation, on s.o.’s
initiative; ‫ عن بصيرة‬consciously, fully
aware of the situation; ‫( عن حسن نية‬ḥusni
nīya) in good faith, bona fide; ‫عن حق‬
(ḥaqq) justly, rightly, by rights; ‫عن حوف‬
(kauf) for fear; ‫ عن علم‬،‫‘( عن دراية‬ilm) on
the basis of sound knowledge, in full
cognizance of the situation; ‫عن سرور‬
gladly, happily, joyfully; ‫عن قناعة وجدانية‬
(qanā‘atin wijdānīya) out of absolute
inner conviction; ‫ عن قريب‬or ‫ عن‬،‫عما قريب‬
‫ قليل‬or ‫‘( عما قليل‬ammā) shortly, presently,
after a (little) while, soon; ‫عن وساطة فالن‬
through the good offices of ...; ‫يوما عن يوم‬
(yauman) day after day, from day to day;
‫( قتلوا عن آخرھم‬qutilū) they were killed to
the last man; ‫( مات عن ثمانين سنة‬tamānīna
sanataan) he died at the age of eighty; ‫مات‬
‫( عن تركة كبيرة‬tarika) he died leaving a
large fortune
2 ‫‘ عنت‬anal distress, affliction, hardship,
‫‘ عن‬anna i u (‘ann, ‫‘ عنن‬anan) to present
itself, offer itself (‫ ل‬to s.o.); to take shape,
to form, arise, spring up (‫ ل‬in s.o.’s mind),
suggest itself (‫ ل‬to s.o.; of an opinion); to
appear (‫ ل‬to, before) │ ‫ عن له ان‬it occurred
to him that ...
‫‘ عنة‬unna impotence (of the male)
‫‘ عنان‬anān (coll.; n. un. ‫ )ة‬clouds
‫‘ عنان‬inān pl. ‫ اعنة‬a‘inna rein(s); bridle
│ ‫( اطلق له العنان‬aṭlaqa, ‘inān) to give free
rein to s.o. or s.th., give vent to s.th.; ‫جرت‬
‫( األمور في اعنتھا‬jarat, a‘innatihā) things
took a normal course, developed as
scheduled
‫‘ عنين‬anīn impotent (male)
‫‘ عنب‬inab (coll.; n. un. ‫ )ة‬pl. ‫ اعناب‬a‘nāb
grape(s) │ ‫‘ عنب الذئب‬i. ad-di’b black
nightshade (Solanum nigrum; bot.)
‫‘ عناب‬unnāb (coll.; n. un. ‫ )ة‬jujube
(Zizyphus vulgaris Lam.; bot.); (its fruit)
jujube
‫‘ عنجھية‬unjuhīya haughtiness, self-importance,
‫‘ عنبر‬anbar ambergris; (pl. ‫عنابر‬
‘anābir2) sperm whale, cachalot (zool.)
‫‘ عند‬anada u i (‫‘ عنود‬unūd), ‘anida a (‘anad)
‫‘ عنبري‬anbarī perfumed with
ambergris; liqueur (also ‫ ;)نبيذ عنبري‬a
variety of pigeon
‫‘ عنبرة الشتاء‬anbarat aš-šitā’ the severity
of winter
‫‘ عنبر‬anbar pl. ‫‘ عنابر‬anābir2 storehouse,
magazine, depot, warehouse; factory hall;
hold (of a ship); ward. section (of a
hospital); quarters (of a ship’s crew);
barrack(s) 647
‫‘ عنت‬anita a (‘anat) to fall on evil days, come
to grief, meet with hardship, be in distress,
suffer adversity; to commit a sin, specif.,
commit fornication II to force s.o. (‫ )ه‬to
perform a difficult task IV to distress,
afflict, harass (‫ ه‬s.o.), bring hardship (‫ه‬
upon s.o.); to treat s.o. (‫ )ه‬harshly, deal
with s.o. (‫ )ه‬roughly V to cause vexation,
annoyance or distress (‫ ه‬to s.o.), bring
trouble (‫ ه‬upon s.o.), harass, pre molest (‫ه‬
s.o.); to seek to confuse s.o. (‫ )ه‬with
questions; to pick a quarrel, be out for a
fight (‫ مع‬with s.o.); to stickle, be
pigheaded, insist stubbornly
misery, adversity; pains, trouble,
inconvenience; constraint, coercion
‫ اعنات‬i‘nāt torment, harassment,
molestation, chicanery, constraint,
coercion
‫ تعنت‬ta‘annut obstinacy, obduracy,
pigheadedness, stubborn zeal, stickling
‫ متعنت‬muta‘annit obstinate, obdurate,
pigheaded, stubborn
‫‘ عنتر‬antara to display heroism
‫‘ عنتر‬antar Antar (the hero of a well-
known romance of chivalry)
‫‘ عنترى‬antarī pl. -īya popular reciter of
the Antar romance
‫‘ عنترى‬antarī pl. ‫‘ عناترة‬anātira
brassiere; bodice, corsage
‫‘ عنترية‬antarīya Antar, the romance of
Antar, cycle of stories relating the deeds
of Antar
pride
and ‘anuda u to swerve, deviate, diverge,
depart (‫ عن‬from); to resist stubbornly; to
be headstrong, obstinate, stubborn III to
resist or oppose (‫ ه‬s.o., doggedly), offer
(stubborn) resistance (‫ ه‬to s.o.) X to cling
stubbornly (‫ ه‬to s.th.)
 ‫‘ عند‬inda (prep.) at, near, by, with, on
(of place, time and possession); upon; in
the opinion of, in the view of; ‫ من عند‬min
‘indi from; from the home of; away from;
‫ من عنده‬in his turn, for his part; ‫اضاف شيئا‬
‫ من عنده‬he added s.th. of his own; ‫عندھا‬
then, at that moment, with these words;
‫‘( على عندي‬indī) against me; ‫( عند البيت‬bait)
near the house, at the house; ‫ عند التحقيق‬to
be exact …, strictly speaking …; ‫عند طلوع‬
‫( الشمس‬ṭ. iš-šams) at sunrise; ‫عندي دينار واحد‬
(‘indī dīnār) I have only one dinar (with
me); ‫ عند ذلك‬then, thereupon, at that
moment; ‫( ملوك األرض عند ﷲ تراب‬m. ul-arḍ,
turāb) the kings of this world are mere
dust in comparison with God; ‫ عندي‬in my
opinion, as I think; ‫ ما عندك‬what do you
think? what is your opinion? ‫لم يكن عند رأيھم‬
(yakun, ra‘yihim) he was not what they
had expected; ‫( كان عند حسن ظنه‬ḥusni
ẓannihī) to meet, or be up to, s.o.’s high
expectation; ‫( كان عند حسن الظن به‬ḥusni ẓ-
ẓanni) to have a good opinion of s.o.; ‫كان‬
‫( عند نصحه‬nuṣḥihī) to follow s.o.’s advice
‫‘ عندما‬indamā as soon as, whenever;
when, as
‫ من عندياته‬min ‘indīyātihī sprung from
his own mind, his own brain child; of
one’s own accord, on one’s own initiative
‫‘ عندئذ‬inda’idin then, at that time; at that
moment, thereupon, then; with that,
thereby
‫‘ عنيد‬anīd pl. ‫‘ عند‬unud resisting
stubbornly (‫ ل‬s.o., s.th.); stubborn,
obstinate, obdurate, pigheaded,
headstrong, opinionated, willful,
pertinacious
‫‘ عناد‬inād resistance, opposition;
stubbornness, obstinacy, obduracy,
pigheadedness, headstrongness,
opinionatedness, willfulness, pertinacity
648
‫ معاندة‬mu‘ānada resistance, opposition;
stubbornness, obstinacy, obduracy,
pigheadedness, headstrongness,
opinionatedness, willfulness, pertinacity
‫ معاند‬mu‘ānid resisting stubbornly (‫ل‬
s.o., s.th.); stubborn, obstinate, obdurate,
pigheaded, headstrong, opinionated,
willful, pertinacious
‫‘ عندلة‬andala song of the nightingale
‫‘ عندليب‬andalīb pl. ‫‘ عنادل‬anādil2 nightingale
‫‘ عندم‬andam brazilwood, sapanwood (used for
dyeing); red dyestuff
‫‘ عندم‬andamī deep-red
‫‘ عنز‬anz pl. ‫ اعنز‬a‘nuz, ‫‘ عنوز‬unūz, ‫‘ عناز‬ināz
goat
‫‘ عنزة‬anza (n. un.) pl. -āt goat
‫‘ عنزة‬anaza a short spear, iron-tipped at
its lower end
‫‘ عانس‬ānis pl. ‫‘ عوانس‬awānis spinster, old maid
‫‘ عنصر‬unṣur pl. ‫‘ عناصر‬anāṣir2 origin; race,
stock, breed; ethnic element; element
(chem., pol.); component, constituent,
ingredient; pl. also: nationalities
‫‘ عنصري‬unṣurī race, racial; ethnic;
elemental, of or pertaining to the elements
│ ‫( التباغض العنصري‬tabāguḍ) or ‫األحقاد‬
‫ العنصرية‬race hatred ‫المسألة العنصرية‬
(mas’ala) the nationality problem, the
problem of ethnic minorities
‫‘ عنصر‬unṣurīya race, nationality; racial
theory
‫ العنصرة‬al-‘anṣara Whitsuntide;
Whitsunday, Pentecost (Chr.) │ ‫عيد العنصرة‬
īd al-‘a. Whitsuntide, Pentecost (Chr.);
Shabuoth, Feast of Weeks, Pentecost
(Jud.)
‫‘ عنصل‬unṣul pl. ‫‘ عناصل‬anāṣil2 squill,
sea onion
‫‘ عنعنات‬an‘anāt (pl.) traditions
‫ معنعن‬mu‘an‘an transmitted, handed
down
‫ عنف‬II to treat severely, harshly, with rigor (‫ب‬
or ‫ على‬or ‫ ه‬s.o.), deal with s.o. (‫ ب‬or ‫ على‬or
‫ )ه‬roughly; to reprimand, rebuke, censure
sharply, berate, chide, scold (‫ ب‬or ‫ ه‬s.o.)
IV to treat severely, harshly, with rigor (‫ه‬
s.o.), deal with s.o. (‫ )ه‬roughly
‫‘ عنف‬unf, ‘anf sternness, severity, rigor;
harshness; bluntness, gruffness;
ruggedness, roughness; violence,
vehemence; fierceness, bitterness,
embitterment, toughness; use of force
‫‘ عنيف‬anīf stern, severe, drastic,
rigorous; harsh, hard; ungentle, rough,
 rude; blunt, gruff; rugged, rough; violent,
vehement; fierce, embittered, tough;
strenuous, exacting, difficult (e.g.,
reading)
‫‘ عنفوان‬unfuwān vigor, prime, bloom │
‫‘( في عنفوان شبابه‬u. šabābihī) in the prime of
his youth
‫ اعنف‬a‘naf2 sterner, severer, harsher,
harder, fiercer
‫ تعنيف‬ta‘nīf stern censure, reprimand,
rebuke
‫ عنق‬II to grab by the neck, to collar (‫ ه‬s.o.) III
to embrace, hug (‫ ه‬s.o.); to associate
closely (‫ ه‬with), attach o.s. closely (‫ ه‬to)
VI to embrace each other VIII to embrace,
hug (‫ ه‬s.o.); to adopt, embrace (‫ ھـ‬s.th.,
esp. a religion or doctrine), be converted (
‫ ھـ‬to s.th.), take up (‫ ھـ‬s.th.); to combine (‫ھـ‬
with s.th.; chem.); to embrace each other
‫ عنق‬unuq, unq pl. ‫ اعناق‬a‘nāq neck,
nape
‫‘ عناق‬anāq pl. ‫ اعنق‬a‘nuq, ‫‘ عنوق‬unūq
she-kid, young she-goat │ ‫‘ عناق األرض‬a.
al-arḍ caracal, desert lynx (Lynx caracal;
zool.) 649
‫‘ عنقاء‬anqā’2 a legendary bird, griffon
‫‘ عناق‬ināq embrace, hug, accolade
‫ معانقة‬mu‘ānaqa embrace, hug, accolade
‫ اعتناق‬i‘tināq embracement (of a
religion or doctrine), adoption, acceptance
(of a doctrine)
‫‘ عنقود‬unqūd pl. ‫‘ عناقيد‬anāqīd2 cluster, bunch;
bunch of grapes
‫‘ عنقاش‬inqāš peddler, hawker
‫‘ عنكبوت‬ankabūt pl. ‫‘ عناكب‬anākib2 spider │ ‫بيت‬
‫ )نسيج( العنكبوت‬bait al-‘a. cobweb, spider
web
‫‘ )عنا )عنو‬anā u (‘unūw) to be humble,
submissive, subservient, servile (‫ ل‬toward,
before), be obedient, yield, submit (‫ ل‬to
s.o.), obey (‫ ل‬s.o.); -- u (‫‘ عنوة‬anwa) to
take by force (‫ ھـ‬s.th.); -- u to be on s.o.’s (
‫ )ه‬mind, disquiet, discomfort, worry,
preoccupy (‫ ه‬s.o.); to concern, affect,
regard, interest (‫ ه‬s.o.)
‫‘ عنوة‬anwa force, compulsion;
forcibleness, violence; ‘anwatan forcibly,
by force
‫ معنوي‬see ‫عنى‬
‫‘ عان‬ānin humble, subservient,
submissive, servile, obedient; captive;
miserable, distressed, in trouble
‫‘ عنون‬anwana to furnish with an
address or title, entitle, address (‫ ھـ‬s.th.)
‫‘ عنوان‬unwān pl. ‫‘ عناوين‬anāwīn2
address; title, heading; model, epitome;
sign, token │ ‫ على‬or ‫ عنوانا ل‬in token of
s.th., as a sign of s.th.
‫ معنون‬mu‘anwan addressed (‫ الى‬to),
inscribed; entitled (‫ ب‬as)
‫‘ عنى‬anī i (‫‘ عناية‬ināya) to be on s.o.’s (‫ )ه‬mind;
to disquiet, discomfort, worry, preoccupy
(‫ ه‬s.o.); to concern, affect, regard, interest
(‫ ه‬s.o.); -- ‘aniya a (‫‘ عناء‬anā’) to be
worried, concerned, anxious; to toil, labor,
drudge; -- ‘anī i (‘any) to have in mind (‫ھـ‬
s.th.), mean (‫ ه‬،‫ ب ھـ‬s.o., s.th. by); ‫يعني‬
ya‘nī or ‫ اعني‬a‘nī that is, i.e.; -- pass.
‘uniya (‫‘ عناية‬ināya) to worry, be
concerned (‫ ب‬about), take an interest (‫ب‬
in); to take care (‫ ب‬of), see (‫ ب‬to) II to
torment, agonize, distress, harass, (‫ ه‬s.o.)
III to be preoccupied (‫ ھـ‬with s.th.); to take
pains (‫ ھـ‬with s.th., in doing s.th.), spend
effort (‫ ھـ‬on s.th.); to see to it, make
efforts, bear in mind, make sure (‫ ان‬that);
to undergo, incur, endure, suffer, sustain,
bear (‫ ھـ‬s.th.); to suffer (‫ ھـ‬from), be
afflicted (‫ ھـ‬with) V to toil, labor. drudge
VIII to be solicitous (‫ ب‬about, for, of), go
to trouble (‫ ب‬for), be concerned, anxious (
‫ ب‬about), feel concern (‫ ب‬for); to take care
(‫ ب‬of), care. provide (‫ ب‬for), look (‫ب‬
after), see (‫ ب‬to), tend (‫ ب‬s.th.), put one’s
mind, devote one’s attention (‫ ب‬to); to
attend (‫ ب‬to), nurse (‫ ب‬s.o., s.th., e.g., a
patient)
‫‘ عناء‬anā’ pains, trouble, toil, hardship,
difficulty, distress
‫ عناية‬ināya concern; care, solicitude,
providence (‫ ب‬for); care(fulness),
painstaking, meticulousness (‫ ب‬in); heed,
notice, regard, attention (‫ ب‬to); interest (‫ب‬
in) │ ‫( العناية اإللھية‬ilāhīya) divine
 providence; ‫( عناية طبية‬ṭibbīya) medical
care
‫ معنى‬ma‘nan pl. ‫ معان‬ma‘ānin sense,
meaning, signification, import; concept,
notion, idea, thought; thematic purport
(e.g., of a work of art, as distinguiohed
from its form); a rhetorical, figurative, or
allegorical expression; ‫ المعاني‬the good
qualities (of a person) │ ‫ اسم معنى‬ism
ma‘nā abstract noun (gram.); ‫علم المعاني‬
‘ilm al-m. rhetoric; ‫ ذو معنى‬significant,
meaningful, telling, tell-tale; ‫بكل معنى الكلمة‬
bi-kull m. l-kalima in the full sense of the
word; ٦٥٠ ‫( ال معنى له‬ma‘nā) meaningless,
without meaning; ‫ وما في معناه‬and the like;
‫( نظرات كلھا معان‬naẓarāt kulluhā) telling
glances, glances full of meaning
‫ معنوى‬ma‘nawī relating to the sense or
import (of a word or expression; as
opposed to ‫ لفظي‬lafẓī); semantic,
significative, of or pertaining to meaning;
ideal, ideational, ideative; abstract;
mental; spiritual (as opposed to material)
│ ‫( شخص معنوى‬šakṣ) artificial,
conventional, or juristic, person, a body
corporate as a subject of rights and duties
‫ معنوبات‬ma‘nawīyāt ideal, immaterial
thing.; morale, spirit (of an army)
‫ معاناة‬mu‘ānāh effort(s)
‫ تعن‬ta‘annin pains, trouble, toil,
drudgery
‫ اعتناء‬i‘tinā’ providing, solicitude,
concern (‫ ب‬for), attendance (‫ ب‬to),
maintenance, nursing, cultivation (‫ ب‬of),
care (‫ ب‬of, for), carefulness, painstaking (
‫ ب‬in); attention (‫ ب‬to), interest (‫ ب‬in)
‫‘ عان‬ānin miserable, distressed, in
trouble
‫ معني‬ma‘nīy concerned, affected;
interested (‫ ب‬in)
‫ معنى‬mu‘annan (syr.) unmetrical poem
with end rhyme
‫ معتن‬mu‘tanin concerned, solicitous,
careful, heedful, mindful, thoughtful,
attentive
‫‘ عھد‬ahida a (‘ahd) to know (‫ ه‬،‫ ھـ‬s.o., s.th.; ‫ھـ‬
s.th., e.g., a quality, a trait, ‫ ب‬of
s.o.), be acquainted, familiar (‫ ه‬،‫ھـ‬
with); to observe closely, heed (‫ ھـ‬s.th.),
adhere (‫ ھـ‬to s.th.); to attend (‫ ھـ‬to), look
after s.th. (‫ ;)ھـ‬to delegate, entrust, assign,
commit (‫ ب الى‬to s.o., s.th.), vest (‫ ب الى‬in
s.o. s.th.), communion, charge, authorize,
empower. entrust (‫ ب الى‬s.o. with, or s.o.
with the task of ...); to impose, enjoin (‫ب‬
‫ الى‬on s.o s.th., or on s.o. the obligation
to ...), obligate, commit (‫ ب الى‬s.o. to do
s.th.) │ ‫( فيما اعھد‬a‘hadu) to my
knowledge, as far as I know; ‫عھد ووعد‬
(wa‘dahū) to fulfill, or keep, one’s
promise III to make a contract, compact,
or covenant (‫ على ه‬with s.o. concerning);
to promise (‫ على ه‬to s.o. s.th. also ‫ ب‬s.th.);
to engage, undertake, bind o.s. pledge o.s.
commit o.s. obligate o.s. (‫ على ه‬to s.o. to
do s.th.) V to advocate, support (s.th.),
stand up (‫ ھـ‬for s.th.); to observe, heed,
keep in mind (‫ ھـ‬s.th.), pay attention, see,
attend (‫ ھـ‬to s.th.), take care (‫ ھـ‬of s.th.); to
care (‫ ھـ‬for s.th.), maintain, keep up,
service (‫ ھـ‬s.h.); to be liable for the
maintenance or upkeep (‫ ھـ‬of s.th.); to
assume. take upon o.s. (‫ ب‬s.th.); to
engage, undertake, bind o.s. pledge o.s.,
commit o.s. obligate o.s. (‫ ب ل‬to s.o. to do
s.th., also ‫ ان على‬to do s.th.); to promise (‫ب‬
‫ ل‬to s.o. s.th.) X to exact a written pledge
or commitment (‫ من‬from s.o.); to have s.o.
(‫ )من‬sign a contract
‫‘ عھد‬ahd knowledge; acquaintance,
contact (‫ ب‬with); the well-known, familiar
nature (of s.o.); close observance, strict
adherence (to), keeping, fulfillment (of a
promise); delegation, assignment,
committing (‫ الى ب‬of s.th. to s.o.), vesting
(‫ ب الى‬in s.o. of s.th.), commissioning,
charging, entrusting (‫ ب الى‬of s.o. with
s.th.); commission; -- (pl. ‫‘ عھود‬uhūd)
commitment, obligation, liability;
responsibility; pledge, vow; promise;
oath; contract, compact, covenant, pact,
treaty, agreement; time, epoch, era │ ‫بعد‬
‫ العھد‬bu‘d al-‘a. the fact that s.th. is long
pact, that s.th. belong, to the remote past;
‫ حديث العھد‬recent, late, new, young; ‫قريب‬
‫ العھد‬do.; ‫ حديث العھد‬or ‫( حديث عھد ب‬ḥ.
‘ahdin) having adopted or acquired 651
(s.th.) recently; not long accustomed to
(s.th.), inexperienced at (s.th.), new at
(s.th.), newly, e.g., ‫حديث عھد بعرس‬
(bi-‘ursin) newly wed, ‫حديث العھد بالوالدة‬
newborn; ‫ كان حديث عھد بأوربا‬he had not
known Europe until recently; ‫ قديم العھد‬of
an early date, long past, long-standing; ‫قديم‬
‫ العھد ب‬of long experience in, long
acquainted with; ‫( قريب عھد ب‬q. ‘ahdin),
‫ حديث العھد ب؛‬،‫قريب العھد ب = حديث عھد ب‬
‫( قريب عھد بالفطام‬fiṭām) just weaned. newly
weaned; ...-I,} ¥ <J- for a abort time
(past), of late; recent, late; recently, lately,
the other day; ‫ منذ عھد بعيد‬a long time ago;
‫‘( ال عھد له‬ahda) not to know s.th.; not
having experienced s.th., being
unacquainted with ...; ‫عھدنا بھذه المسألة‬
(‘ahdunā, mas’ala) our long-standing
knowledge of this question; ‫ اخذ عھدا عليه‬to
exact a promise from s.o., pledge s.o.; ‫قطع‬
‫ عھدا‬to conclude a treaty, make a contract;
to make a promise; ‫ قطع نفسه عھدا على‬to
assume an obligation, commit o.s. obligate
o.s. pledge o.s.; to vow, make a vow (‫ ب‬to
do s.th.); ‫‘ عھد األمان‬a. al-amān (formerly:)
an order bestowed by the Bey of Tunis;
‫( عھد األمان المرصع‬muraṣṣa‘) a higher class
of the afore-mentioned order; ‫العھد الجديد‬
the New Testament; ‫ العھد القديم‬the Old
Testament; ‫ ولي العھد‬walīy al-‘a. heir-
apparent, crown prince; ‫ على عھده‬at or in
his time; ‫ في عھد فالن‬during s.o.’s lifetime;
in s.o.’s epoch; ‫ عھده‬his familiar nature or
manner, his nature as it had always been
known; ‫( ظل كعھده‬ẓalla) he remained as he
had always been, as everybody used to
know him; ‫ عھدھم‬the nature or manner that
they know (knew) of him (or of it), that
they are
(were) used to; ‫ كعھدھم به‬such as they
used to know him; ‫ ما زلت انت كعھدي بك‬yon
are still the same! ‫ ما زال على عھده‬to be
unchanged, be as always; ‫طال به العھد‬
(‘ahdu) to last, or have lasted, a long time
‫‘ عھدة‬uhda contractual obligation (Isl.
Law); responsibility; charge, custody,
guardianship; guaranty │ ‫ في عھدته‬in his
care, custody, or charge, entrusted to him;
‫‘( عھدته له‬uhdatuhū) he is responsible for it
‫‘ عھيد‬ahīd ally, confederate
‫ معھد‬ma‘had pl. ‫ معاھد‬ma‘āhid2 place,
locality (which one had known before or
which one revisits); public institute or
institution; (scientific) institute; seminar │
‫ معاھد الذكريات‬m. ad-dikrayāt places fraught
with memories; ‫( معھد اصالحي‬iṣlāḥī)
reformatory
‫ معاھدة‬mu‘āhada pl. -āt agreement,
arrangement, accord.; alliance, treaty, pact
│ ‫ )معاھدة السالم )الصلح‬m. as-salām (aṣ-ṣulḥ)
peace treaty; ‫ معاھدة عدم االعتداء‬m. ‘adam al-
i‘tidā’ nonaggression pact
‫ تعھد‬ta‘ahhud advocacy, support; care;
charge, custody, guardianship, tutelage
(with foll. genit.: over); care,
maintenance, servicing, upkeep;
assumption, undertaking (‫ ب‬of s.th.); (pl.
-āt) promise, pledge, commitment,
engagement, obligation, liability,
contractual duty
‫ معھود‬ma‘hūd well-known; ‫ المعھود‬the
said ..., the … in question
‫ متعھد‬muta‘ahhid pl. -ūn contractor,
entrepreneur; concessionaire │ ‫متعھد فني‬
(fannī) impresario
‫ متعاھد‬muta‘āhid: ‫ المتعاھدان‬the two
contracting parties
‫‘ عھر‬ahara a (‘ahr, ‘ihr) and ‘ahira a (‘ahar)
to commit adultery, whore (‫ اليھا‬with a
woman) III = I (‫ ھا‬with a woman)
‫‘ عھر‬ihr adultery, fornication,
whoredom; prostitution
‫‘ عھر‬ahr adulterer, whoremonger,
fornicator
‫‘ عھارة‬ahāra adultery, fornication,
whoredom; prostitution 652
‫‘ عاھر‬āhir committing adultery,
fornicating, whoring; (pl. ‫‘ عھار‬uhhār)
adulterer, fornicator, whoremonger; -- (pl.
‫‘ عواھر‬awahir2) adulteress; whore, harlot,
prostitute
‫‘ عاھرة‬āhira pl. -āt, ‫‘ عواھر‬awāhir2
adulteress; whore, harlot, prostitute
‫‘ عاھل‬āhil pl. ‫‘ عواھل‬awāhil2 sovereign, prince,
ruler, monarch
‫‘ عھن‬ihn (colored) wool
‫‘ عواھن‬awāhin2 (pl. of ‫‘ عاھن‬āhin)
limbs, extremities (of the body); palm
branches │ ‫( القى )رمى( الكالم على عواھنه‬alqā,
kalāma) to talk without restraint, ramble
‫‘ عوج‬awija a (‘awaj) to be crooked,
curved, twisted, tortuous, bent, bowed,
 stooping; to bend, twist, curve; -- ‫‘ عاج‬āja
u to turn off the road (while traveling); to
stop (over). put up (‫ على‬at, in) II to bend,
crook, curve, twist (‫ ھـ‬s.th.) V and IX = I
‫‘ عوج‬iwaj, ‘awaj crookedness,
twistedness, curvature, bend(ing),
tortuosity; unevenness; deviation (from
that which is right)
‫‘ عاج‬āj ivory
‫‘ عاجي‬ājī ivory (adj.)
‫ اعوج‬a‘waj2, f. ‫‘ عوجاء‬aujā’2, pl. (‫عوج‬
‘ūj crooked, curved, bent, twisted,
tortuous, sinuous; stooping, bowed; wry;
odd, queer
‫ اععجاج‬i‘wijāj crookedness, twistedness,
curvature, bend(ing), tortuosity;
unevenness; deviation (from that which is
right); crooked ways
‫ معوجه‬mu‘awwaja pl. -āt retort (chem.)
‫ معوج‬mu‘wajj crooked, curved, bent,
twisted, tortuous, sinuous; stooping,
bowed; wry; odd, queer
‫‘ )عاد )عود‬āda u (‘aud, ‫‘ عود‬auda, ‫ معاد‬ma‘ād)
to return, come back (‫ ل‬or ‫ الى‬to); to flow
back; to go back. be traceable, be
attributable (‫ الى‬to); to revert, redound,
accrue (‫ على‬to); to refer, relate (‫ على‬to); to
be due. go back (‫ الى‬to); to fall to s.o.’s (
‫ )الى‬lot or share, fall in s.o.’s ((‫الى‬
bailiwick; to belong, (ap)pertain, be
proper (‫ الى‬or ‫ ل‬to); to give up, abandon,
relinquish (‫ عن‬s.th.), withdraw, resign (‫عن‬
from); ‫ عاد ب‬to return with = to lead back,
bring back, take back, return, reduce,
revert s.o. or s.th. (‫ الى‬to); ‫ عاد عليه ب‬to
bring about, entail s.th. for s.o s. result in
s.th. for s.o., yield, bring in, return s.th. to
s.o.; (with predicate adjective or noun in
acc.) to become, grow (into), turn into;
(with foil. imparf. or ‫ )الى‬to resume, renew
(an activity); (with neg. and foil. imparf.)
to do s.th. no more or no longer; with foil.
finite verb) to do s.th. again or anew; -- u (
‫‘ عيادة‬iyāda) to visit (‫ ه‬a patient), have
under treatment (‫ ه‬s.o.; of a physician) │
‫ عاد الى نفسه‬to regain consciousness, come
to; to take counsel with o.s., hold self-
communion, examine o.s. introspectively,
search one’s soul; ‫عادت المياه الى مجاريھا‬
(majārīhā) the situation returned to
normal; ‫ عاد الى رأس أمره‬ra’s amrihī) to
start s.th. all over again; ‫عاد ادراجه‬
(adrājahū) to retrace one’s steps; to turn
back, go back; ‫‘( عاد على عقبيه‬aqbaihi), pl.
‫( عادوا على اعقابھم‬a‘qābihim) do.; ‫لم اعد‬
‫ استطيع صبرا‬lam a‘ud astatī‘u ṣabran I
could not stand it any longer; ‫لم يعد لع طاقة‬
‫( به‬ya‘ud, ṭāqatun) he no longer had any
power over it; ‫ لم يعد اليه سبيل‬there is no
longer any possibility for it; ‫ عاد يقول‬he
continued (after a pause in his speech) II
to accustom, habituate, condition, inure,
season (‫ على‬or ‫ ھـ ه‬s.o. to s.th.), make s.o. (
‫ )ه‬get used (‫ على‬or ‫ ھـ‬to s.th.) III to return (
‫ ه‬،‫ ھـ‬to s.o., to s.th.); to revert, come back,
turn again, apply o.s. anew (‫ ھـ‬to s.th.),
take up again, resume (٦٥٣ ‫ ھـ‬s.th.); to
befall again, seize again (‫ ه‬s.o.), come
again (‫ ه‬over s.o.) IV to cause to return,
bring back, take back (‫ ه ھـ الى‬s.o., s.th. to);
to return, give back, send back (‫ ه‬،‫ھـ الى‬
s.o., s.th. to s.o.); to put back, lay back (‫ھـ‬
s.th., ‫ الى محله‬ilā maḥallihī in its place); to
repeat (‫ على ھـ‬s.th., i.e., words, to s.o.); to
reiterate, repeat, do again or anew, renew,
resume (‫ ھـ‬s.th.); to re-establish, restore,
repair (‫ ھـ‬s.th.); to restore (‫ ھـ ھـ‬s.th. to),
make s.th. (‫ )ھـ‬once more (‫ ھـ‬s.th.); to
reinstate, reinstall (‫ ھـ‬s.o.) │ ‫اعاد بناء مسجد‬
(binā’a masjidin) to rebuild a mosque; ‫اعاد‬
‫( ذكريات‬dikrayāt) to revive, or reawaken,
memories; ‫( اعاد طبع الكتاب‬ṭab‘a l-k.) to
reprint a book; ‫( يعيد القول ويبدأه‬yu‘īdu,
yabda’uhū) he keeps talking of it, he
continue, to bring up the subject; ‫اعاد النظر‬
‫( في‬naẓara) to re-examine, reinvestigate,
reconsider, check, verify, revise s.th., go
over s.th. or into s.th. again; ‫اعاد النظر في‬
‫( الدعوى‬da‘wā) to retry the case (jur.) V to
get used, be accustomed, habituate o.s. (
‫ على‬or ‫ ھـ‬to s.th.), make a habit (‫ على‬or ‫ھـ‬
of s.th.), be used to doing, be wont to do (
‫ على‬or ‫ ھـ‬s.th.) VIII = V; X to recall, call
back (‫ ه‬،‫ ھـ‬s.o., s.th.); to reclaim, demand
back (‫ من ھـ‬s.th. from); to regain, recover,
recuperate, reconquer, fetch back, get
back, retrieve (‫ ھـ‬s.th.); to recall, recollect,
call back to one’s mind (‫ ھـ‬s.th.); to ask
s.o. (‫ )ه‬to repeat (‫ ھـ‬s.th.)
‫‘ عود‬ūd pl. ‫ اعواد‬a‘wād, ‫‘ عيدان‬īdān
wood; stick, rod, pole; branch, twig,
switch; stem, stalk; cane, reed; aloes
(wood); lute (musical instrument); body,
build, physique; strength, force, intensity;
pl. ‫ اعواد‬full intensity (e.g., of a disease) │
‫ عود الثقاب‬matchstick, match; ‫عود الصليب‬
peony (Paeonia; bot.); ‫‘ عود الكبريت‬ūd al-
kibrīt matchstick, match; ‫رخاوة العود‬
rakāwat al-‘ūd weakness of character;
‫ صلب العود‬ṣulb al-‘ūd of robust physique;
strongly built, husky, sturdy; stubborn,
resistant, unbending, unyielding,
relentless; ‫ صالبة العود‬ṣalābat al-‘ūd
sternness, severity, hardness, obstinacy,
stubbornness, inflexibility, relentlessness;
‫ لدن العود‬ladn al-‘ūd lissome, lithe, of
elastic physique; ‫( ثقف عوده‬taqqafa) to
train, educate s.o.; ‫‘( عجم عوده‬ūdahū) to
test s.o., put s.o. to the test; ‫كسر عوده‬
(‘ūdahū) to break s.o.’s power of
resistance, crush s.o.’s spirit
‫‘ عود‬aud return; reversion; recurrence;
recidivism (jur.); repetition, reiteration │
‫ فعله عودا وبدءا‬fa'alahū ‘audan wa bad’an or
‫‘( فعله عوده على بدئه‬audahū) or ‫فعله عودا الى‬
‫ بدء‬he did or started it all over again
‫‘ عودة‬auda return │ ‫ بعودة البريد‬by return
mail; ‫ الى غير عودة‬never to return again,
gone forever; good riddance! farewell
forever!
‫‘ عادة‬āda pl. -āt, ‫‘ عوائد‬awā’id2 habit,
wont, custom, usage, practice; ‘ādatan
usually, customarily, ordinarily,
habitually; pl. ‫ عوائد‬taxes, duties; charges,
fees, rates │ ‫ فوق العادة‬extraordinary,
unusual, uncommon; special,
extraordinary, emergency (e.g., meeting);
‫ على عادته‬according to his habit, as was his
wont, as he used to do; ‫ كسابق العادة‬ka-
sābiqi l-‘ā. as was formerly customary, as
usual; ‫( جرت العادة ب‬jarat il-‘ādatu) to be
customary, usual, common or current,
prevail, be a common phenomenon, be the
vogue, have become common practice;
‫ جرت به عادتھم‬that was their habit, that’s
what they used to do; ‫( العادة السرية‬sirrīya)
onanism, masturbation; ‫‘ عوائد الجمرك‬a. al-
gumruk customs duties; ‫‘ عوائد مبان‬a.
mabānin house taxes; ‫ عوائد األمالك‬taxes on
real state
‫‘ عادي‬ādī customary, usual, common,
ordinary, normal, regular;
undistinguished, run-of-the-mill; ordinary,
regular (e.g., 654 meeting, as opposed to
extraordinary, special, emergency);
simple, plain, ordinary (man); old,
ancient, antique; ‫‘ عاديات‬ādīyāt antiques,
antiquities
‫‘ عياد‬iyād repetition, reiteration,
recurrence
‫‘ عيادة‬iyāda visit (with a patient),
doctor’s call (on a patient); -- (pl. -āt)
clinic; office (of a physician), consultation
room (of a physician) │ ‫عيادة خارجية‬
(kārijīya) policlinic; outpatient clinic
‫‘ عوادة‬awāda pl. -āt woman lutist
‫ معاد‬ma‘ād return; place to which one
returns; (place of) destination; ‫ المعاد‬the
hereafter, the life to come │ ‫المبدأ والمعاد‬
(mabda’) the crux, (of a matter), the all-
important factor (of s.th.)
‫ تعويد‬ta‘wīd accustoming, habituation,
conditioning, inurement (‫ على‬to)
‫ اعادة‬i‘āda giving back, handing back,
sending back, return(ing); reinstatement,
reinstallment; repetition, reiteration;
resumption; re-establishment, restoration,
repair │ ‫ اعاد البناء‬reconstruction; ‫اعادة‬
‫ الحقوق‬rehabilitation; ‫ اعادة التسلح‬i. at-
tasalluḥ rearmament; ‫اعادة الشؤون على ما‬
‫ كانت عليه‬restoration of the status quo ante;
‫ اعادة التكوين‬re-formation; ‫( اعادة النظر في‬i.
an-naẓar) re-examination, reinvestigation,
reconsideration, revision of s.th.; ‫اعادة النظر‬
‫( في دعوى‬da‘wa) retrial of a case (jur.);
‫ اعادة التنظيم‬reorganization
‫ تعود‬ta‘awwud contraction of a habit,
habituation
‫ اعتياد‬i‘tiyād oontraotion of a habit,
habituation
‫ اعتيادي‬i‘tiyādī ordinary, common;
usual, customary, habitual; normal,
regular; plain, simple, ordinary (man)
‫ استعادة‬isti‘āda reconquest, recovery,
recuperation, regaining, reclamation,
retrieval
‫‘ عائد‬ā’id returning, reverting,
recurrent; accruing (profit, merit);
belonging, (ap)pertaining, proper (‫ ل‬or ‫الى‬
to s.o., to s.th.); (pl. -ūn) returning
emigrant, re-emigrant; (pl. ‫‘ عواد‬uwwād)
visitor (to a sick person); pl. ‫عائدات‬
revenues │ ‫ عائد األرباح‬net profit, net gain
 ‫‘ عائدة‬ā’ida pl. ‫‘ عوائد‬awā’d2 benefit,
profit, advantage, gain (‫ على‬for s.o.)
‫‘ عائدية‬ā’idīya a belonging (to), a being
part (of), membership
‫ معود‬mu‘awwad used, accustomed,
habituated, conditioned, inured, seasoned
(‫ على‬to); wont (‫ على‬to do s.th.), being in
the habit (‫ على‬of doing s.th.)
‫ معيد‬mu‘īd pl. -ūn repetitor, tutor,
coach; assistant conducting drill sessions
(university)
‫ معاد‬ma‘ād: ‫( معاد تصديره‬taṣdīruhū)
forwarded (mail)
‫ متعود‬muta‘awwid used, accustomed,
habituated, conditioned, inured, seasoned
(‫ على‬to); wont (‫ على‬to do s.th.), being in
the habit (‫ على‬of doing s.th.)
‫ معتاد‬mu‘tād used, accustomed,
habituated, conditioned, inured, seasoned,
(‫ على‬to); wont (‫ على‬to do s.th.), being in
the habit (‫ على‬of doing s.th.); usual,
customary, normal │ ‫ كالمعتاد‬as usual; ‫معتاد‬
‫ الجرائم‬habitual criminal
‫‘ )عاذ )عوذ‬āda u (‘aud, ‫‘ عياذ‬iyād, ‫ معاذ‬ma‘ād) to
seek the protection (‫ من ب‬of s.o. from or
against), take refuge (‫ من ب‬with s.o. from)
│ ‫ اعوذ با‬a‘ūdu bi-llāh God forbid! God
save me from that! II to protect (‫ من ه‬s.o.
from or against, by placing him under the
wing ‫ ب‬of s.o. else); to pronounce a charm
or incantation (‫ ه‬over s.o.); to fortify (‫ه‬
s.o.) with a charm, incantation or amulet
IV = II; to place s.o. (‫ )ه‬under God’s
protection, pray to God that he guard s.o. (
‫ )ه‬against s.th. 655 V = I; X = I; to protect
o.s., make o.s. proof (‫ ب‬by means of)
‫‘ عوذ‬aud (act of) taking refuge
‫‘ عوذ‬awad refuge, place of refuge,
retreat, asylum, sanctuary
‫‘ عوذة‬ūda pl. ‫‘ عوذ‬uwad amulet,
talisman; charm, spell, incantation
‫‘ عياذ‬iyād (act or instance of) taking
refuge │ ‫‘ عياذ ﷲ‬iyāda llāh or ‫العياذ با‬
(‘iyāda) God forbid! God save (protect)
me (us) from that!
‫ معاذ‬ma‘ād (act or instance of) taking
refuge; refuge, place of refuge, retreat,
asylum, sanctuary │ ‫ معاذ ﷲ‬ma‘āda llāh(i)
God forbid! God save (protect) me (us)
from that!
‫ تعويذ‬ta‘wīd pl. ‫ تعتويذ‬ta‘āwīd2 amulet,
talisman; charm, spell, incantation
‫‘ عور‬awira a (‘awar) to lose an eye, be or
become one-eyed II to deprive of one eye,
make blind in one, eye (‫ ه‬s.o.); to damage,
mar, spoil (‫ ھـ‬s.th.); to gauge (‫ ھـ‬measures,
weights), test the accuracy (‫ ھـ‬of
measures, of weights) IV to lend, loan (‫ھـ ه‬
to s.o. s.th.) VI to alternate, take turns (‫ھـ‬
in s.th.), do by turns, take alternately (‫ھـ‬
s.th.): to seize, grip, befall, overcome,
(alternately, successively) (‫ ه‬s.o., ‫ ھـ‬s.th.)
VIII ‫ اعتور‬i‘tawara to befall, affect
(alternately, successively) (‫ ه‬s.o.), come
(alternately, successively) (‫ ه‬over s.o.); to
shape, mold, form (‫ ھـ‬s.th., said of
heterogeneous influences or factors); to
stand in the way of (‫)ھـ‬, hinder (‫ ھـ‬s.th.) X
to borrow (‫ من ھـ‬s.th. from)
‫‘ عورة‬aura defectiveness, faultiness,
deficiency, imperfection; -- (pl. -āt)
pudendum, genitals; weakness, weak spot
‫‘ عوار‬awār, ‘iwār fault, blemish, defect,
flaw, imperfection
‫‘ عوار‬uwwār a variety of swallow
‫‘ عير‬īra (eg.) false, artificial (teeth,
hair)
‫ اعور‬a‘war2, f. ‫‘ عوراء‬aurā’2, pl. ‫‘ عور‬ūr
one-eyed │ ‫( المعي األعور‬ma‘y) caecum,
blind gut
‫ اعارة‬i‘āra lending
‫ اعاري‬i‘ārī: ‫( مكتبة اعارية‬maktaba)
lending library, circulating library
‫ تعاور‬ta‘āwur alternation, variation,
fluctuation
‫ استعارة‬isti‘āra borrowing; metaphor
‫ استعاري‬isti‘ārī metaphorical, figurative
‫‘ عارية‬āriya or ‘ārīya pl. ‫‘ عور‬awārin
s.th. borrowed, borrowing; loan
‫ معير‬mu‘īr lender
‫ معار‬mu‘ār lent, loaned
‫ مستعير‬musta‘īr borrower
‫ مستعار‬musta‘ār borrowed; used
metaphorically or figuratively; false,
 artificial (e.g., hair) │ ‫( اسم مستعار‬ism)
pseudonym; ‫ وجوه مستعار‬masked faces;
hypocrites
2
‫‘ عار‬ārin see ‫عرى‬
2
‫‘ عوز‬awiza a (‘awaz) to be or become poor,
needy, destitute; -- ‫‘ عاز‬āza u (‘auz) to
need, require (‫ ھـ‬s.th.), be in want or need
(‫ ھـ‬of s.th.) IV ‫ اعوز‬a‘waza to be or
become poor, needy, destitute │ ‫اعوزه‬
‫( الشيء‬šai’u) he lacked the thing, he
needed it, he was in want of it
‫‘ عوز‬awaz lack, need, want, necessity,
exigency; poverty, neediness, destitution,
indigence, penury
‫‘ عوز‬awiz poor, needy, destitute,
necessitous, indigent
‫‘ عازة‬āza lack, need, want, necessity,
exigency; poverty, poorness
2
‫ اعوز‬a‘waz poor, needy, destitute,
indigent, necessitous 656
‫غ‬
‫ غاباني‬gābānī cashmere, a soft twilled fabric
‫ غار‬see ‫غور‬
‫ غاز‬gāz pl. -āt gas; petroleum, oil (magr.) │
‫( الغازات السامة‬sāmma) the poison gases
‫ غازي‬gāzī gaseous, gaslike │ ‫مياه غازية‬
carbonated water, mineral water
‫( غازوزة‬It. gasosa) gāzūza soda water
1
‫ غال‬gāl pl. -āt padlock
2
‫ الغال‬al-gāl Gaul (country)
‫ غالي‬gālī Gallic; (pl. -ūn) a Gaul
‫ غانة‬gāna2, ‫ غانا‬Ghana
1
‫ غب‬to attack every other day (‫ ه‬،‫ على‬s.o., of
‫ غبش‬gabaš pl. ‫ اغباش‬agbāš darkness, dark,
fever)
duskiness; the twilight before sunrise, last
‫ غب‬gibb end, outcome, upshot, issue,
effect, result, consequence; gibba (prep.)
after │ ‫ زاره غبا‬zarahū gibban to visit s.o.
at intervals; ‫ حمى الغب‬ḥummā l-g. tertian
fever
‫ غبب‬gabab pl. ‫ اغباب‬agbāb dewlap (of
bovines), wattle
‫ مغبة‬magabba pl. -āt end, outcome,
upshot, issue, effect, result, consequence
‫غب‬gabba u (= ‫‘ عب‬abba u) to gulp down,
pour down, toss down, drink avidly (‫ھـ‬
s.th.)
‫ غبة‬gubba swallow, gulp, draught
‫ غبر‬gabara u (‫ غبور‬gubūr) to go by,
elapse, pass; to be past, elapsed, bygone II
to soil, or cover, with dust (‫ ه‬،‫ ھـ‬s.o., s.th.);
to raise dust │ ‫( غبر في وجھه‬wajhihī) to
surpass, outstrip, outdo s.o., be superior to
s.o. IV = II; V to be dust-covered, be or
become dusty IX to be dust-colored
‫ غبر‬gabir recrudescent, reopening
(wound)
‫ غبرة‬guhra dust color
‫ غبرة‬gabara dust
‫ غبار‬gubār dust; (pl. ‫ اغبرة‬agbira) dust
cloud │ ‫( ال غبار عليه‬gubāra) clear, plain,
distinct; unobjectionable, incontestable;
blameless, irreproachable, faultless,
impeccable (morally); ‫ ما شق غباره‬mā
šaqqa gubārahū he never quite attained
his (another’s) eminence, he did not
measure up to him; ‫ ال يشق غباره‬lā yušaqqu
gubāruhū or ‫( ال يشق له غبار‬yušaqqu) he is
unsurpassable, he is unequaled;
unsurpassable, unequaled, unrivaled,
peerless, incomparable; ‫( جرى في غباره‬jarā)
to follow s.o. loyally
‫ اغبر‬agbar2, f. ‫ غبراء‬gabrā’2, pl. ‫غبر‬
gubr dust-colored; dust-covered, dusty;
‫ األغبر‬the earth, the ground; ‫ الغبراء‬the Earth
‫ اغبرار‬igbirār grudge, rancor,
resentment (‫ على‬toward)
‫ غابر‬gābir pl. ‫ غابر‬gawābir2 bygone,
past, elapsed; the past │ ‫ األزمان الغابرة‬or
‫ القديم الغابر‬old times, ancient times
shadows of the night
‫ غبش‬gabiš dark (night); opaque, not
transparent
‫ غبشة‬gabša twilight (of dawn)
 ‫ اغبش‬agbaš 2, f. ‫ غبشاء‬gabšā’, pl. ‫غبش‬
gubš dark (night); opaque, not transparent
‫ غباشة‬gabāša weakness of the eyes,
asthenopia
‫ غبط‬gabaṭa i (gabṭ) to envy (‫ على ه‬s.o. s.th. or
for s.th.); pass. gubiṭa to be happy II to
make (‫ ه‬s.o.) envious; to deem (‫ ه‬s.o.)
fortunate, call (‫ ه‬s.o.) happy VIII to be 664
glad, be delighted, rejoice, exult, be
jubilant (‫ ب‬at, about), be elated (‫ ب‬by); to
be happy (‫ ب‬about); to be pleased, be
satisfied (‫ ب‬with)
‫ غبطة‬gabṭa state of happiness,
happiness, exultation, delight, rapture,
bliss, felicity; beatitude; title of the
Patriarch (Copt.-Chr.) ‫ صاحب الغبطة‬do.; ‫كان‬
‫( مكان غبطة‬maḥalla g.) to be in an enviable
position
‫ اغتباط‬igtibāṭ joy, delight, rejoicing,
exultation, triumph, jubilation; happiness,
contentedness, satisfaction, gratification,
pleasure
‫ مغبوط‬magbūṭ in an enviable position,
happy, lucky, fortunate; blessed, beatified,
canonized (Chr.)
‫ مغتبط‬mugtabiṭ glad, happy, delighted (
‫ ب‬at), pleased, satisfied (‫ ب‬with), gratified
(‫ ب‬by)
1
‫ غبن‬gabana i (gabn) to cheat, dupe,
gull, defraud, overreach (‫ في ه‬s.o. in),
impose (‫ في‬upon s.o. in)
‫ غبن‬gabn, gubn pl. ‫ غبون‬gubūn fraud,
deceit, imposture, swindle; defraudation,
cheating, duping; damage, wrong,
prejudice │ ‫ غبن فاحش‬criminal fraud (Isl.
Law)
‫ غبن‬gaban stupidity
‫ تغابن‬tagābun mutual cheating │ ‫يوم‬
‫ التغابن‬yaum at-t. the Day of Resurrection
‫ مغبون‬magbūn deceived, defrauded,
cheated, gulled, duped; prejudiced,
wronged, injured │ ‫ رجع بصفقة المغبون‬or. ‫عاد‬
(bi-ṣafqati l-m.) to return empty-handed;
to lose the game
2
‫ غباني‬gabānī and ‫ غاباني‬gābānī cashmere, a
soft twilled fabric
(‫ غبو‬and ‫ )غبي‬gahiya a (‫ غباوة‬gabāwa) not to
comprehend (‫ عن‬or ‫ ھـ‬s.th.), have no
knowledge, be ignorant (‫ عن‬or ‫ ھـ‬of s.th.);
to be unknown, unfamiliar (‫ على‬to s.o.) VI
to be unaware (‫ عن‬of s.th.)
‫ غبي‬gabīy pl. ‫ اغبياء‬agbiyā’2 unwise,
unjudicious, ignorant, foolish, stupid; dolt,
numbskull, ignoramus
‫ غباء‬gabā’ ignorance, foolishness,
stupidity
‫ غباوة‬gabāwa ignorance, foolishness,
stupidity
‫ غبوة‬gabwa riddle, puzzle
‫ اغبى‬agbā stupider, more foolish, more
simple-minded
‫ غت‬gatta u (gatt) to press, choke, throttle (‫ه‬
s.o.); to dip, plunge, immerse (‫ ه‬,‫ في ھـ‬s.o.,
s.th. in) │ ‫( غت الضحك‬ḍaḥika) to suppress
one’s laughter, bite one’s lip
‫ غث‬gatta i a (‫ غثاثة‬gatāta, ‫ غثوثة‬gutūta) to be or
become lean, meager; -- gatta i (gatt, ‫غثيث‬
gatīt) to feater, suppurate, discharge pus
(wound)
‫ غث‬gatt lean, thin, scrawny; meager,
scanty, poor, wretched
‫ غثيث‬gatīt lean, thin, scrawny; pus,
matter
‫ غثاثة‬gatāta leanness, thinness,
scrawniness
‫ غثي‬gatā i to confuse, muddle, jumble, garble (
‫ ھـ‬s.th.); -- ‫ غثت نفسه‬gatat nafsuhū (gaty,
‫ غثيان‬gatayān) and ‫( غثيت نفسه‬gatiyat) to
feel like vomiting, feel sick, be indisposed
‫ غثي‬gaty nausea, qualmishness,
sickness; indisposition
‫ غثيان‬gatayān nausea, qualmishness,
sickness; indisposition
‫ غثاء‬gutā’ scum
‫( غجر‬eg.) to scold, use abusive language,
curse, swear
‫ غجري‬gajarī pl. ‫ غجر‬gajar gipsy
‫ تغجير‬tagjīr scolding, cursing, abusive
language 665
‫ غد‬see ‫غدو‬
‫ غدد‬gadad cattle epidemic
 ‫ غدة‬gudda pl. ‫ غدد‬gudad gland │ ‫الغدة‬
‫( الدرقية‬daraqīya) thyroid gland; ‫غدة صماء‬
(ṣammā) endocrine (or ductless) gland;
‫( الغدة الصنوبرية‬ṣanaubarīya) pineal gland;
‫( الغدة النكفية‬nakfīya) parotid gland
‫ غددي‬gudadī glandular
‫ غدر‬gadara i u (gadr) to act
treacherously, perfidiously (‫ في‬or ‫ ب‬or ‫ه‬
toward s.o.), doublecross, deceive, betray,
delude (‫ ب‬or ‫ ه‬s.o.) III to leave (‫ ه‬،‫ ھـ‬s.o.,
s.th.; ‫ الى ھـ‬place for), depart (‫ الى ھـ‬from a
place to)
‫ غدر‬gadr perfidy, breach of faith,
betrayal, treason, treachery
‫ غدير‬gadīr pl. ‫ غدر‬gudur, ‫ غدران‬gudrān
pond, pool, puddle; stream, brook, creek,
river
‫ غديرة‬gadīra pl. ‫ غدائر‬gadā’ir2 queue,
pigtail, braid, plait, tress (of hair)
‫ غدار‬gaddār perfidious, disloyal,
treacherous, traitorous; false, faithless,
deceitful
‫ غدارة‬gaddāra pl. -āt pistol │ ‫غدارة سريعة‬
‫( الطلق‬s. aṭ-ṭalq) submachine gun, Tommy
gun
‫ غادر‬gādir perfidious, disloyal,
treacherous; false, faithless, deceitful
‫ غدفة‬gudfa pl. ‫ غدف‬gudaf headcloth, kerchief
‫ غداف‬gudaf raven
‫ غدق‬gadiqa a (gadaq) to be copious, be heavy,
pour down (rain) IV = I; to give
bountifully (‫ على‬to s.o.), shower, load (‫ھـ‬
‫ على‬s.o. with s.th.), bestow liberally (‫ھـ على‬
upon s.o. s.th.)
‫ غدق‬gadiq copious, abundant (water,
rain)
‫ مغدق‬mugdiq copious, abundant (water,
rain)
‫ غدن‬XII igdaudana to grow long and
luxuriantly (hair)
‫ غدن‬gadan languor, lassitude,
flaccidity, limpness
‫ غدنة‬gudna languor, lassitude,
flaccidity, limpness
‫ غدان‬gidān clothes peg
‫ مغدودن‬mugdaudin luxuriant, flowing,
long (hair)
‫ )غدا )غدو‬gadā u (gudūw, gadw, ‫ غدوة‬gadwa) to
go (away), leave, come, do, or be, early in
the morning; to run; to become (‫ ھـ‬s.th.),
grow, turn (‫ ھـ‬into), come to be (‫ ھـ‬s.th.) │
‫( غدا وراح‬wa-rāḥa) to go back and forth,
walk to and fro; to come and go; -- ‫غدي‬
gadiya a (‫ غدا‬gadan) to breakfast, have
breakfast II to give breakfast (‫ ه‬to s.o.); to
give lunch (‫ ه‬to s.o.) III to go early in the
morning (‫ ه‬to s.o.) │ ‫يراوحھا ويغاديھا‬
yurāwiḥuhā wa-yugādīhā he calls on her
time and again or constantly V to
breakfast, have breakfast; to lunch, have
lunch
‫ غد‬gad the morrow, the following day;
‫ غدا‬gadan tomorrow; on a future day,
sometime in the future │ ‫ من غد‬,‫ في غد‬on
the following day, tomorrow; ‫ في الغد‬do.;
on a future day, sometime in the future; ‫بعد‬
‫ غد‬day after tomorrow; ‫ في ذات غد‬see ‫ذات‬
‫ غداء‬gadā’ pl. ‫ اغدية‬agdiya breakfast;
lunch
‫ غداة‬gadāh pl. ‫ غدوات‬gadawāt early
morning; ‫ الغداة‬al-gadāta this morning
‫ غدوة‬gudwa pl. ‫ غدى‬gudan early
morning
‫ غدوة‬gadwa pl. gadawat lunch; morning
errand; ‫( غدواته وروحاته‬rauḥātuhū) all his
goings, his coming and going
‫ مغدى‬magdan place to which one goes
in the morning │ ‫( مغدى ومراح‬wa-marāḥ)
an ever frequented place, an aspired goal
666
‫ غد‬gadda i (gadd) to fester, suppurate (wound)
IV do.; to hasten, speed, make forced
marches │ ‫( اغد )في( السير‬sair) to ran fast,
hasten, hurry, speed
‫ )غذا )غذو‬gadā u (gadw) to feed (‫ ه ب‬s.o. s.th.),
nourish, nurture (‫ ه ب‬s.o. with) II to feed (
‫ ب ه‬s.o. s.th.), nourish, nurture (‫ ب ه‬s.o.
with); to provide, supply, furnish, sustain (
‫ ه‬,‫ ب ھـ‬s.o. s.th. with), feed, charge,
replenish (‫ ب ھـ‬s.th. with) V to be fed (‫ب‬
s.th.), be nourished, be nurtured (‫ ب‬with);
to feed, live (‫ ب‬on); to be supplied, be
provided, be furnished, be fed (‫ ب‬with,
 e.g., with electric power) VIII to be fed,
be nourished, be nurtured
‫ غذو‬gadw feeding, nourishment,
alimentation, nutrition, nurture
‫ غذاء‬gidā’ pl. ‫ اغذية‬agdiya nourishment,
nutriment, nutrition, nurture, food; pl.
foodstuffs, victuals, food
‫ غذائي‬gidā’ī alimental, alimentary,
nutritional, nutritious, nutritive │ ‫مواد‬
‫( غذائية‬mawādd) foodstuffs, victuals, food,
nutritive substances
‫ تغذية‬tagdiya feeding (also techn.),
nourishment, alimentation, nutrition,
provisioning, supply, input, charging (e.g.,
of an electric battery)
‫ غر‬garra u (‫ غرور‬gurūr) to mislead, deceive,
beguile (‫ ب‬s.o.); to delude, gull, dazzle,
blind (‫ ه‬s.o.) II to deceive, beguile (‫ب‬
s.o.); to delude, gull, dazzle, blind (‫ب‬
s.o.); to entice, allure, tempt, seduce (‫ب‬
s.o.); to expose to danger, endanger,
imperil (‫ ب‬s.o., s.th.), risk, jeopardize,
hazard (‫ ب‬s.th.) │ ‫ غرر بنفسه‬to expose o.s.
to danger, risk one’s life VIII to be
dazzled, blinded, fooled, deluded, misled,
let o.s. be deceived (‫ ب‬by), be mistaken (‫ب‬
in, about); to be or become overweening
or conceited X to come unexpectedly (‫ ه‬to
s.o.), surprise (‫ ه‬s.o.)
‫ غر‬garr (cutting) edge of a sword
‫ غر‬girr pl. ‫ اغرار‬agrār inexperienced,
gullible, new, green; a greenhorn;
inattentive, inadvertent, heedless
‫ غرة‬gurra pl. ‫ غرر‬gurar white spot on a
‫ غرام‬grām pl. -āt gram(me)
horse’s face, blaze; the best, the finest, the
prime (of s.th.); highlight │ ‫ غرة الشھر‬g.
aš-šahr the first day of the month; ‫في غرة‬
‫ العام‬at the beginning of the year
‫ غرة‬garra inadvertency, heedlessness,
inattentiveness, inattention; unguarded
moment, moment of inadvertence │ ‫على‬
‫ غرة‬or ‫( على حين غرة‬ḥīni g.) unexpectedly,
unawares, inadvertently, surprisingly; ‫اخذ‬
‫( على )حين( غرة‬ukida) to be surprised, be
taken by surprise, be caught unawares
‫ غرر‬garar risk, hazard, jeopardy,
danger, peril
‫ غرور‬gurūr deception; delusion,
illusion;: conceit, overweeningness,
snobbery, vanities, trifles, banalities;
danger, peril │ ‫ الغرور بنفسه‬self-deception,
self-delusion
‫ غرور‬garūr deceptive, delusive,
fallacious, illusory
‫ غرير‬garīr deceived, misled, tempted;
(pl. also ‫ اغراء‬agirra, ‫ اغرة‬agirra)
inexperienced, naive, ingenuous, gullible
‫ غرار‬girār (cutting) edge of a sword;
‫ غرارا‬girāran in a hurry, hastily │ ‫على غرار‬
in a hurry, hastily; ‫ على )من( غرار‬... like …,
similar to …, in the manner of ..., after the
pattern of ...; ‫ على ھذا الغرار‬in this manner;
‫ على غرار واحد‬after one pattern, in the same
manner, likewise, alike
‫ غرار‬garrār deceptive, delusive,
fallacious
‫ غرارة‬garāra inconsiderateness,
thoughtlessness, beedlessness │ ‫على غرارة‬
in the manner of ..., after the pattern of ...
667
‫ غرارة‬girāra pl. ‫ غرائر‬garā’ir2 sack (for
straw or grain)
‫ اغر‬agar2, f. ‫ غراء‬garrā’2, pl. ‫ غر‬gurr
having a blaze (horse); beautiful,
handsome; magnanimous, generous;
noble; esteemed, honorable (esp. as a
complimentary epithet following the name
of a newspaper) │ ‫( اغر محجل‬muḥajjal)
unique, singular
‫ مغرور‬magrūr deceived, fooled, misled,
tempted; deluded, dazzled, blind; vain,
conceited, overweening, snobbish
‫ غرب‬garaba u (garb) to go away, depart,
absent o.s., withdraw (‫ عن‬from), leave (‫عن‬
s.o., s.th.); -- garaba u (‫ غروب‬gurūb) to set
(sun, etc.); -- garuba u (‫ غرابة‬garāba) to
be a stranger; to be strange, odd, queer,
obscure, abstruse, difficult to comprehend
│ ‫ ال يغرب عنك ان‬you will not have failed to
notice that ..., you are, no doubt, aware (of
the fact) that ..., you know very well that
… II to go away, leave, depart, absent
o.s.; to go westward; to expel from the
homeland, banish, exile, expatriate (‫ ه‬s.o.)
│ ‫( غرب وشرق‬wa-šarraqa) to get around in
the world, see the world IV to say or do a
strange or amazing thing; to exceed the
proper bounds (‫ في‬in), overdo, exaggerate
(‫ في‬s.th.) │ ‫( اغرب في الضحك‬ḍaḥik) to laugh
noisily or heartily, guffaw V to go to a
foreign country, emigrate; to be (far) away
from one’s homeland; to become an
occidental, become Westernized, be
Europeanized; to emigrate o.s., to the
Western way of life VIII to go to a foreign
country, emigrate; to be (far) away from
one’s homeland X to find (‫ ھـ‬s.th.) strange,
odd, queer, unusual; to deem (‫ ھـ‬s.th.)
absurd, preposterous, grotesque; to
disapprove (‫ ھـ‬of s.th.); to become an
occidental, Westernized, be Europeanized;
to assimilate o.s. to the Western way of
life │ ‫( استغرب في الضحك‬ḍaḥik) to laugh
noisily or heartily, guffaw
‫ غرب‬garb west; occident; vehemence,
violence, impetuosity, tempestuousness;
‫ الغرب‬the West, the Occident; ‫ غربا‬garban
Westward, toward the West │ ‫فل غربه‬
falla garbahū to subdue s.o., put a damper
on s.o.; ‫ غربا بجنوب‬garban bi-janūbin
southwestward, toward the southwest
‫ غربي‬garbī western, westerly;
occidental, Western; European; an
Occidental, a Westerner; ‫ الغربيون‬al-
garbīyūn the Western Church (Chr.)
‫ غربة‬gurba absence from the homeland;
separation from one’s native country,
banishment, exile; life, or place, away
from home
‫ غراب‬gurāb pl. ‫( غربان‬girbān, ‫اغرب‬
agrub, ‫ اغربة‬agriba crow; raven; --
occiput; blade (esp. of a hatchet)
‫ غريب‬garīb pl. ‫ غرباء‬gurabā’2 strange,
foreign, alien, extraneous (‫ على‬or ‫ عن‬to
s.o.); strange, odd, queer, quaint, unusual,
extraordinary, curious, remarkable,
peculiar; amazing, astonishing, baffling,
startling, wondrous, marvelous; grotesque;
difficult to understand, abstruse, obscure
(language); remote, outlandish, rare,
uncommon (word); (pl. also ‫ اغرب‬agrab)
stranger, foreigner, alien; pl. ‫ اغراب‬those
living abroad, those away from home,
emigrés │ ‫ غريب األطوار‬whimsical,
capricious, eccentric, cranky; ‫مادة غريبة‬
(mādda) foreign body, extraneous
substance
‫ غريبة‬garība pl. ‫ غرائب‬garā’ib2
peculiarity; a strange, striking thing,
oddity, curiosity, marvel, prodigy, wonder
‫ غروب‬gurūb setting (of the sun of a
star)
‫ غرابة‬garāba strangeness, curiousness;
oddness, queerness, singularity,
peculiarity 668
‫ اغرب‬agrab2 stranger, more alien;
odder, queerer, more unusual
‫ مغرب‬magrib pl. ‫ مغارب‬magārib2 place
or time of sunset; west, occident; (f.)
prayer at sunset (Isl. Law); ‫المغرب‬
Maghrib, northwest Africa │ ‫مغرب الشمس‬
m. aš-šams time of sunset, sunset; ‫بالد‬
‫ المغرب‬Maghrib, northwest Africa; ‫وشارق‬
‫( األرض ومغربھا‬m. al-arḍ) the entire world; ‫ا‬
‫ لمشرقان والمغربان‬al-mašriqān wa-l-m do.; ‫في‬
‫ المغربين والمشرقين‬all over the world,
throughout the world
‫ مغربي‬magribī North African, Maghribi;
(pl. ‫ مغاربة‬magāriba) a North African, a
Maghribi
‫ مغربة‬look up alphabetically
‫ تغريب‬tagrīb banishment, expatriation
‫ تغرب‬tagarrub separation from one’s
native country; emigration; Europeanism,
Occidentalism, Westernism
‫ اغتراب‬igtirāb separation from one’s
native country; emigration; Europeanism,
Occidentalism, Westernism
‫ استغراب‬istigrāb wonder, surprise,
astonishment, amazement, perplexity
‫ غارب‬gārib pl. ‫ غوارب‬gawārib2 withers
(of the camel, of the horse); pl. wave
crests │ ‫( ترك )القى( حبله على غاربه‬alqā
ḥablahū) to give free rein to s.o. or to s.th.
‫ مغرب‬mugarrab expatriated, exiled,
banished; expatriate, exile
‫ مغترب‬muglarib stranger, foreigner,
alien; living away from home
‫ مستغرب‬mustagrib Europeanized,
Westernized
‫ مستغرب‬mustagrab strange, odd, queer,
quaint, unusual, extraordinary, curious,
peculiar
‫ غربل‬garbala (‫ غربل‬garbala) to sieve, sift,
riddle (‫ ھـ‬s.th.)
‫ غربال‬girbill pl. .kI pri‫ل‬bll' sieve
‫ غرابلي‬garābilī pl. -ūn, ‫ غرابلية‬garābilīya
sieve maker, sieve merchant
‫ غرد‬garida a (garad) to sing, twitter (bird),
warble II and V = I
‫ غرد‬garad singing, song, twitter(ing),
warbling (of a bird)
‫ غرد‬gurd pl. ‫ غرود‬gurūd dune, shifting
dune
‫ غريد‬girrīd singing, twittering, warbling
(bird)
‫ اغرودة‬ugrūda pl. ‫ اغاريد‬agārid2
twittering, warbling, song (of birds)
‫ تغريد‬tagrīd singing, song, twitter(ing),
warbling
‫ مغرد‬mugarrid singing, twittering,
warbling (bird) │ ‫ طائر مغرد‬songbird
‫ غرز‬garaza i (garz) to prick (‫ ب ھـ‬s.th. with,
e.g., with a needle); to thrush, plunge,
insert, stick, stab, ram, push, bore (‫في ھـ‬
s.th. into); to plant, implant (‫ ل ھـ‬s.th. in) II
to throat, plunge, insert, stick, stab, ram,
push, bore (‫ في ھـ‬s.th. into) IV = II; V to
penetrate deeply (‫ في‬into), pierce (‫ في‬s.th.);
to be inserted, be stuck (‫ في‬into) VII to
bore, penetrate (‫ في‬into), pierce (‫ في‬s.th.);
to sink (‫ في‬into) VIII to penetrate deeply (
‫ في‬into), pierce (‫ في‬s.th.); to be inserted, be
stuck (‫ في‬into) │ ‫( اغترز السير‬saira) (he put
his foot in the stirrup, ready to depart=)
his departure was imminent
‫ غرز‬garz leather stirrup
‫ غرزة‬gurza pl. ‫ غرز‬guraz stitch
‫ غريزة‬garīza pl. ‫ غرائز‬garā’iz2 nature,
natural disposition; natural impulse,
instinct
‫ غريزي‬garīzī natural, native, innate,
inborn; instinctive
‫ مغرز‬magraz pl. ‫ مغارز‬magāriz2 (eg.)
prank, practical joke 669
‫ غرس‬garasa i (gars) to plant, implant (‫في ھـ‬
s.th. in); to place, put, set, infix, interpose,
interpolate, insert (‫ في ھـ‬s.th. into) IV to
plant, implant (‫ ھـ‬s.th.) VII to be planted,
be implanted; to sink in
‫ غرس‬gars planted; (pl. ‫ اغراس‬agrās,
‫ غراس‬girās) plant, layer, cion, nursery
plant, seedling
‫ غرس‬girs pl. ‫ اغراس‬agrās plant, layer,
cion, nursery plant, seedling
‫ غرسة‬girsa plant
‫ غراس‬girās plant; planting time
‫ غراسة‬girāsa cultivation, growing,
raising │ ‫ )غراسة الزيتون )الزياتين‬g. az-zaitūn
olive growing; ‫ غراسة العنب‬g. al-‘inab wine
growing; viticulture
‫ غريسة‬garīsa pl. ‫ غرائس‬garā’is2 ‫غراس‬
girās nursery plant, layer, cion, seedling
‫ مغرس‬magris pl. ‫ مغارس‬magāris2 place
where s.th. is infixed, interposed or
inserted; nursery, plantation, bed
‫ مغارسة‬mugārasa pl. -āt a contract for
the lease of an orchard providing that the
lessee, who undertakes to cultivate the
orchard, will become owner of one half of
it after the orchard has yielded profit
(Tun.)
‫ مغارسى‬mugārisī pl. -ūn one who
concludes a mugārasa (q.v.) (Tun.)
‫ غرش‬girš, gurš pl. ‫ غروش‬gurūš piaster │ ‫غرش‬
‫ صاغ‬standard piaster
‫ غرض‬IV ‫( اغرض الغرض‬garaḍa) to attain the
goal V to take sides, be partial, have a
predilection, have a bias (‫ ل‬for)
‫ غرض‬garaḍ pl. ‫ اغراض‬agrāḍ target,
aim, goal, objective, object; intention,
design, purpose; object of desire;
(personal, selfish) interest; inclination,
tendency, propensity; bias, prejudice; pl.
‫( اغراض‬syr.) articles of everyday use,
things, objects, stuff, odds and ends
‫ غرضي‬garaḍī tendeney- (in
compounds), marked by directional, or
purposive, presentation
‫ غريض‬garīḍ pl. ‫ اغاريض‬agārīḍ2 fresh,
tender
‫ تغرض‬tagarruḍ prejudice, bias;
tendentious attitude
 ‫ مغرض‬mugriḍ partial, biased,
tendentious; -- (pl. -ūn) partial person;
biased person; person guided by personal
interests
‫ غرغر‬gargara (‫ غرغرة‬gargara) to gargle; to
gurgle; to simmer, bubble (pot) II
tagargara to gargle; to gurgle │ ‫تغرغرت‬
‫‘( عينه بالدمع‬ainuhū bi-d-dam‘) his eyes
were bathed in tears
‫ غرغر‬girgir (coll.; n. un. ‫ )ة‬guinea fowl
‫ غرغرة‬gargara gargling, gargle, gurgle
‫ غرف‬garafa i u (garf) to ladle, spoon, scoop (‫ھـ‬
s.th.); to ladle (‫ ھـ‬food) from a cooking
pot, and the like, (into a howl) for serving;
to serve (‫ ھـ‬a meal) VIII to ladle, scoop (
‫ من ھـ‬s.th. from or out of)
‫ غرفة‬gurfa pl. ‫ غراف‬girāf the amount of
water scooped up with one hand; handful;
-- (pl. -āt, ‫ غرف‬guraf) upstairs room, room
on an upper floor; room; chamber (=
room; as a public body of administration,
etc.); cabinet; compartment, ward │ ‫غرفة‬
g. al-akl dining room; ‫ غرفة التجارية‬or ‫الغرفة‬
‫ التجاري‬chamber of commerce; ‫غرفة السفرة‬
g. as-sufra dining room; ‫ غرفة القيادة‬bridge
(naut.); ‫ غرفة النوم‬g. an-naum bedroom
‫ غراف‬garraf pl. ‫ غراريف‬garārīf2 (syr.) a
water wheel turned by oxen or horses and
used for raising irrigation water from a
river onto the fields
‫ مغرفة‬migrafa pl. ‫ مغارف‬magārif2 large
spoon, ladle, scoop 670
‫ غرق‬gariqa a (garaq) to plunge, dive, become
immersed, immerge, become submersed,
submerge, sink, founder (‫ في‬in); to go
under, be drowned (‫ في‬in); to be
immersed, be engrossed, be absorbed (‫في‬
in); to be wholly engaged, be loot (‫ في‬in),
be completely taken up (‫ في‬with) II to
plunge, dip, immerse, submerse (‫ ه‬,‫ ھـ‬s.o.,
s.th.); to sink, founder (‫ ھـ‬s.th.), drown (‫ھـ‬,
s.o., s.th.); to inundate, flood (‫ ھـ‬s.th.;
‫ السوق‬the market ‫ ب‬with) IV = II; to
exceed the proper bound! (‫ في‬in); to
exaggerate, overdo (‫ في‬s.th.); to be
excessive (‫ في‬in s.th.), carry (‫ في‬s.th.) to
excess │ ‫( اغرق في الضحك‬ḍaḥik) to laugh
noisily or heartily, guffaw V to be sunk,
be foundered X to sink (‫ في‬into sleep, and
the like), be immersed (‫ في‬in); to absorb,
engross, engage wholly, claim completely,
fill, take up, occupy (‫ھـ‬, s.o., s.th.); to take,
last (‫ ھـ‬a certain time) │ ‫استغرق في الضحك‬
(ḍahik) to laugh noisily or heartily, guffaw
XII ‫( اغرورقت عيناه بالدموع‬igrauraqat
‘aināhū) his eyes were bathed in tears
‫ غريق‬gariq pl. ‫ غرقى‬garqā drowned; a
drowned person; immersed, engrossed,
absorbed (‫ في‬in)
‫ غرقان‬garqan drowned
‫ تغريق‬tagrīq drowning; sinking,
foundering, scuttling (of a ship);
inundation, flooding
‫ اغراق‬igrāq drowning; sinking,
foundering, scuttling (of a ship);
inundation, flooding; exaggeration;
excessiveness, exorbitance, immoderation,
extravagance; hyperbole (rhet.)
‫ غارق‬gāriq sunk, drowned; immersed,
engrossed, absorbed (‫ في‬in) │ ‫غارق في‬
‫( الدھشة‬dahša) completely taken aback,
deeply shocked, utterly dismayed
‫ مغرق‬mugraq immersed, engrossed,
absorbed (‫ في‬in)
‫ مستغرق‬mustagriq immersed, engrossed,
absorbed (‫ في‬in)
‫ غرلة‬gurla pl. ‫ غرل‬gural foreskin,
prepuce
‫ غرم‬garima a (gurm, ‫ غرامة‬garāma, ‫مغرم‬
magram) to pay (‫ ھـ‬a fine, and the like); to
suffer loss II to fine (‫ ھـ‬s.o.), impose a fine
(‫ ه‬on s.o.) IV = II; pass, ugrima to be very
fond, be enamored (‫ ب‬of), be in love, be
infatuated (‫ ب‬with) V to be fined, be
mulcted
‫ غرم‬gurm damage, loss
‫ غرام‬garām infatuation (‫ ب‬with), love (
‫ ب‬of), passion, ardent desire (‫ ب‬for);
penalty, mulct, fine; see also
alphabetically
‫ غرامي‬garāmī passionate, impassioned,
erotic, amorous, amatory, love (used
attributively); ‫ غراميات‬garāmīyāt amours,
romances, love affairs, amorous
adventures │ ‫ رسالة غرامية‬love letter
‫ غريم‬garīm pl. ‫ غرماء‬guramā’2 debtor;
creditor; opponent, adversary, antagonist,
rival; insulter
 ‫ غريمة‬garīma woman opponent, female
antagonist, rival
‫ غرامة‬garāma pl. -āt fine, mulct;
indemnity, compensation, damages;
reparation, amends, penalty
‫ مغرم‬magram pl. ‫ مغارم‬magārim2
damage, loss; debt; liability, financial
obligation; fine
‫ مغرم‬mugram enamored, (‫ ب‬of), in love,
infatuated (‫ ب‬with)
‫ غرين‬garīn (alluvial) mud
‫ غرناطة‬garnāṭa2 Granada (city in S Spain)
‫ غرنوق‬gurnūq pl. ‫ غرانيق‬garānīq2 crane (zool.)
‫ غرنيق‬girnīq pl. ‫ غرانيق‬garānīq2 crane
(zool.) 671
‫ )غرا )غرو‬garā u (gurw) to glue, fix with glue (
‫ ھـ‬s.th.) II = I; IV to make (‫ ه‬s.o.) covetous
(‫ ب‬for), prod, spur on, goad, egg on,
incite, induce, instigate, abet, urge, impel (
‫ ب ه‬s.o. to do s.th.); to entice, allure,
tempt, seduce (‫ ب ه‬s.o. to); to set (‫ ب ه‬s.o.
on), sick (‫ ب ھـ‬a dog, etc., on game); to
bring about, cause, produce, provoke (‫ھـ‬
s.th.); pass. ugriya to desire ardently, love
(‫ ب‬s.th.), be attached (‫ ب‬to s.th.) │ ‫اغري‬
‫‘( العداوة بين‬adāwata) to cause or excite
enmity among …
‫ ال غرو‬lā garwa no wonder! it is small
wonder
‫ غرا‬garan glue
‫ غراء‬girā’ glue
‫ غرائي‬girā’ī gluey, glutinous
‫ غروى‬girawī gluey, glutinous, sticky,
ropy, vicious; colloidal (chem.)
‫ ال غروى‬garwā no wonder! it is small
wonder
‫ غراية‬garrāya pl. -āt (eg.) glue pot
‫ مغراة‬migrāh glue pot
‫ اغراء‬igrā’ incitement, instigation,
inducement, spur, goad, impetus;
incentive, stimulus; enticement,
allurement, temptation, seduction
‫ مغر‬mugrin enticing, alluring, tempting;
inciter, instigator, abettor; tempter,
seducer
‫ مغريات‬mugriyāt lures, temptations
1
‫ غز‬IV to he thorny, prickly; to prick
2
‫ غز‬gazza2 Gaza (seaport in S Palestine)
‫ غزي‬gazzī gauze
1
‫ غزر‬gazara u (gazr, ‫ غزارة‬gazāra) to be
plentiful, copious, abundant
‫ غزر‬gazr abundance, copiousness,
profusion, plenty, large quantity, lavish
supply
‫ غزير‬gazīr pl. ‫ غزار‬gizār much,
plentiful, copious, abundant, ample;
densely growing, luxuriantly growing;
rich (‫ بغز‬in) │ ‫ غزير المادة‬g. al-mādda well-
informed, learned, well-read; ‫ غزير المواد‬g.
al-mawādd offering a wealth of
information (book)
‫ غزارة‬gazāra abundance, copiousness,
profusion, plenty, large quantity, lavish
supply
2
‫ غزارى‬gazārī a variety of pigeon
‫ غزل‬gazala i (gazl) to spin (‫ ھـ‬s.th.); -- gazila a
(gazal) to display amorous behavior (‫ب‬
toward a woman), make love (‫ ب‬to a
woman), court, woo (‫ ب‬a woman), flirt (‫ب‬
with a woman); to eulogize in verses (‫ ب‬a
woman) III to speak words of love, make
love (‫ ھا‬to a woman), court, woo (‫ ھا‬a
woman), flirt, dally, philander (‫ ھا‬with a
woman) V to court, woo (‫ ب‬a woman),
make love (‫ ب‬to a woman), flirt, dally (‫ب‬
with a woman), make eyes (‫ ب‬at a
woman); to celebrate in love poems (‫ ب‬a
woman, also ‫ في‬s.o.); to extol, laud,
eulogize (‫ ب‬s.th.) VI to flirt (with one
another) VIII to spin (‫ ھـ‬s.th.)
‫ غزل‬gazl spinning; (pl. ‫ غرول‬guzūl)
spun thread, yarn │ ‫ مصنع الغرل‬maṣna‘ al-
g. spinning mill
‫ غزل‬gazal flirt, flirtation, dalliance,
dallying; love; words of love, cooing of
lovers; love poetry, erotic poetry
‫ غزلي‬gazalī amorous, amatory, erotic,
love (used attributively)
‫ غزال‬gazāl pl. ‫ غرلة‬gizla, ‫ غرالن‬gizlān
gazelle
‫ غزال‬gazzāl spinner (of yarn)
 ‫ غزالة‬gazāla female gazelle, doe;
(rising) sun, disk of the sun; pommel of
‫ غسق‬gasaq dusk, twilight before nightfall; dark
the camel saddle
‫ غزالة‬gazzāla spider 672
‫ مغزل‬magzil pl. ‫ مغازل‬magāzil2 spinning
mill
‫ مغزل‬migzal, mugzal pl. ‫ مغازل‬magāzil2
spindle │ ‫ ابو مغازل‬abū m. (eg.) stork
‫ مغازلة‬mugāzala pl. -āt flirt, flirtation,
dalliance, dallying
‫ تغزل‬tagazzul flirt, flirtation, dalliance,
dallying
‫ )غزا )غزو‬gazā u (gazw) to strive (‫ھـ‬
for), aspire (‫ ھـ‬to); to mean, intend (‫ھـ‬
s.th.); -- gazā u (gazw, ‫ غزوان‬gazawān) to
carry out a military expedition, make a
raid, foray, or incursion, commit
aggression (‫ ه‬،‫ ھـ‬against s.o., against s.th.),
attack, assault (‫ ه‬،‫ ھـ‬s.o., s.th.), raid, invade
(‫ ھـ‬s.th.); to conquer (‫ ھـ‬s.th., ‫ ه‬s.o.); to
overcome (‫ ه‬،‫ ھـ‬s.o., s.th.) │ ‫غزا السوق‬
(sūq) to flood the market (com.)
‫ غزو‬gazw assault, raid, incursion,
inroad, invasion, attack, aggression;
conquest
‫ غزوة‬gazwa pl. gazawāt military
expedition, foray; raid, incursion, inroad,
invasion, attack, aggression; conquest;
campaign of conquest
‫ غزاوة‬gazāh pl. ‫ غزوات‬gazawāt military
expedition, foray; raid, incursion, inroad,
invasion, attack, aggression; conquest;
campaign of conquest
‫ مغزى‬magzan pl. ‫ مغاز‬magāzin sense,
meaning, signification, import; moral (of a
story); motto; importance, significance,
moment, consequence │ ‫ مغزى دقيق‬subtle
meaning; ‫ ذو مغزى‬dū m. significant
‫ مغزاة‬magzāh pl. ‫ مغاز‬magāzin military
expedition, foray, raid; ‫ المغازى‬the military
campaigns of the Prophet
‫ غاز‬gāzin pl. ‫ غزاة‬guzāh one who carries
out a military expedition or a foray; raider,
invader, aggressor, conqueror; ‫ الغازى‬al-
gāzī the war lord, warrior champion, ghazi
‫ غازية‬gāziya pl. ‫ غواز‬gawāzin woman
dancer, danseuse
‫ غس‬guss (sing. and pl.) worthless
of night
‫ غسل‬gasala i (gasl) to wash (‫ ه‬،‫ ب ھـ‬s.o.,
s.th. with), launder (‫ ب ه‬s.th. with); to
cleanse, clean (‫ ھـ‬s.th., e.g., the teeth); to
purge, cleanse, clear, wash (‫ ھـ‬s.th., ‫ من‬of);
to wash (‫ ھـ‬against s.th.) II to wash
thoroughly (‫ ه‬،‫ ھـ‬s.o., s.th.) VIII to wash
(o.s.); to take a bath, bathe; to perform the
major ritual ablution (i.e., a washing of the
whole body; (Isl. Law)
‫ غسل‬gusl pl. ‫ اغسال‬agsāl washing,
ablution; the major ritual ablution, i.e., a
washing of the whole body (Isl. Law);
wash water
‫ غسل‬gasl wash water
‫ غسلة‬gasla pl. gasalāt (n. vic.) a wash,
an ablution
‫ غسيل‬gasīl washed; (dirty or washed)
clothes, washing
‫ غسول‬gasūl wash water; washing agent,
detergent
‫ غاسول‬gāsūl soap; lye
‫ غسال‬gassāl washer, washerman,
laundryman
‫ غسل‬gassāla pl. -āt washerwoman,
laundress; washing machine
‫ غسالة‬gusāla dirty wash water, slops
‫ مغسل‬magsil, magsala pl. ‫ مغاسل‬magāsil2
washing facility, washroom, lavatory;
washhouse
‫ مغسل‬migsal washbasin; washbowl,
washdish, washtub
‫ مغسلة‬magsala pl. ‫ مغاسل‬magāsil2
washstand
‫ مغتسل‬mugtasal washroom, lavatory
‫ غش‬gašša u (gašš) to act dishonestly (‫ ه‬toward
s.o.); to deceive, fool, mislead, cheat, gull,
dupe (‫ ه‬s.o.); to debase, vitiate, adulterate (
‫ ه‬s.th., esp. food-stuffs) II to act
dishonestly (‫ ه‬toward s.o.); to deceive,
fool, mislead, cheat, gull, dupe (‫ ه‬s.o.) VII
and VIII to be deceived, be fooled, be
cheated, be duped; to let o.s. be deceived
X to regard (‫ ه‬s.o.) as dishonest or as a
 fraud; to suspect (‫ ه‬s.o.) of fraud or
deception
‫ غش‬gašš adulteration, corruption,
debasement; fraud, deceit
‫ غش‬gišš faithlessness disloyalty,
perfidy; deception, deceit; fraud,
imposture, swindle
‫ غشاش‬gašāš fraud, cheat, swindler,
impostor; deceptive, delusive, false
‫ مغشوش‬magšūš deceived, fooled,
cheated, duped; adulterated, corrupted,
debased
‫ غشم‬gašama i (gašm) to treat unjustly or
tyrannically, to wrong, oppress (‫ ه‬s.o.); to
act unjustly or tyrannically (‫ ه‬toward s.o.);
to act thoughtlessly, haphazardly (‫ ھـ‬in
s.th.) VI to feign ignorance or
inexperience X to regard (‫ ه‬s.o.) as dumb,
stupid, ignorant, or inexperienced ‫ه‬
‫ غشم‬gašm oppression, repression, ill-
treatment
‫ غشوم‬gašūm unjust, unfair, iniquitous,
tyrannical; oppressor, tyrant │ ‫القوة الغشوم‬
brute force
‫ غشيم‬gašīm pl. ‫ غشماء‬gušamā’
inexperienced, ignorant, foolish, dumb,
stupid; new (at an office), green, a
greenhorn; new, boorish, uneducated;
unskilled, untrained, clumsy, awkward,
gauche; raw, crude, unprocessed,
unworked
‫ غشومة‬gušūma inexperience,
foolishness
‫ غاشم‬gāšim unjust, unfair, iniquitous,
tyrannical; oppressor, tyrant; scum, dross
│ ‫( قوة غاشمة‬qūwa) brute force
(‫ غشو‬and ‫ غشي( غشا‬gašā u (gašw) to come (‫ ه‬to
s.o.; ‫ ھـ‬to a place); -- ‫ غشي‬gašiya a (‫غشاوة‬
gašāwa) to cover, wrap up, envelop,
conceal, veil (‫ ه‬،‫ ھـ‬s.o., s.th.); to come,
descend (‫ ه‬upon s.o.), overcome,
overwhelm (‫ ه‬s.o.); to be dark (night); --
gašiya a (‫ غشيان‬gašayān, gišyān) to come
(to s.o.; ‫ ھـ‬to place); to go to see, visit (‫ه‬
s.o., ‫ ھـ‬s.th.), call (‫ ه‬on s.o.); to sleep (‫ھا‬
with a woman); to cover (‫ ھا‬the female
animal); to commit, perpetrate (‫ ھـ‬e.g., an
outrage); to yield, give in (‫ ھـ‬to a craving);
-- pass. ‫( غشي عليه‬gušiya) (‫ غشي‬gašy, gušy)
to lose consciousness, faint, swoon II to
cover, wrap up, envelop, veil (‫ ه‬،‫ ھـ‬s.o.,
s.th.); to spread a cover or wrap (‫ ه‬،‫ ھـ‬over
s.o., over s.th.); to overlay, coat, plate (‫ھـ‬
s.th.) IV to be dark (night); to spread a
cover or wrap (‫ ه‬,‫ ھـ‬over) V to cover o.s. (
‫ ب‬with), wrap o.s. (‫ ب‬in) X ‫استغشي ثيابه‬
(tiyābahū) to hide one’s head in one’s
clothes so as not to see or hear
‫ غشي‬gašy, gušy unconsciousness,
fainting, swoon(ing)
‫ غشية‬gašya fainting spell, swoon, faint
‫ غشوة‬gašwa veil, wrap, cover, covering
‫ غشاء‬gišā’ pl. ‫ اغشية‬agšiya cover,
covering, wrap, wrapper, wrapping,
envelope; coating, coat, plating;
integument; film, pellicle; membrane;
valve │ ‫( الغشاء األنقى‬anfī) nasal mucosa;
‫ غشاء البكارة‬g. al-bakāra hymen, virginal
membrane; ‫( الغشاء المخاطئ‬mukāṭi’) mucous
membrane, mucosa
‫ غشائي‬gišā’ī: ‫( الخناق الغشائي‬kunāq)
diphtheria (med.)
‫ غشاوة‬gišāwa, gišāwa veil, wrap, cover,
covering
‫ غشيان‬gašayān, gišyān unconsciousness,
faint(ing), swoon(ing)
‫ مغشى‬magšan place at which one
arrives, object of a visit 674
‫ غاشية‬gāšiya pl. ‫ غواش‬gawāšin
pericardium; misfortune, calamity,
disaster; faint, swoon; insensibility,
stupor; servants, attendants, retinue, suite
‫ غص‬gaṣṣ (1st peril. perf. gaṣiṣtu) a (
‫ )غصص‬to be choked; to choke (‫ ب‬on, esp.
on some food); to be overcrowded,
congested, jammed, packed, crammed (‫ب‬
with) │ ‫( غص بھم المكان‬makānu) the place
was overcrowded IV to choke (‫ ه‬s.o.) VIII
to be overcrowded, congested, jammed,
packed, crammed
‫ غصة‬guṣṣa pl. -āt, ‫ غص‬guṣaṣ that
which causal choking, a lump in the
throat; mortal distress, torment, agony,
ordeal, choking sound, suppressed moan
│ ‫ غصة الموت‬g. al-maut agony of death
‫ غاص‬gāṣṣ replete, crowded, jammed,
packed, crammed (‫ ب‬with)
 ‫ غصب‬gaṣaba i (gaṣb) to take away by
force or illegally, extort (‫ ھـ‬s.th., ‫ على‬،‫ من‬،‫ه‬
from s.o.), rob (‫ ھـ‬s.th.; ‫ ھـ ه‬or ‫ من‬or ‫على‬
s.o. of s.th.), seize unlawfully, usurp (‫ھـ‬
s.th.), take illegal possession (‫ ھـ‬of s.th.);
to force, compel, coerce (‫ ه‬s.o., ‫ على‬to); to
abduct, carry off (‫ ھا‬a woman); to rape,
ravish, violate (‫ ھا‬a woman); to conquer,
subdue (‫ على‬s.o.) VIII = I │ ‫اغتصب ابواب‬
‫ البالد‬to force one’s entry into a country
‫ غصب‬igtiṣāb forcible, illegal seizure,
extortion; usurpation, unlawful
arbitrariness (Isl. Law); force, compulsion,
coercion, constraint │ ‫ غصبا‬gaṣban and
‫ بالغصب‬forcibly, by force; ‫ غصبا عنه‬against
his will, in defiance of him
‫ اغتصاب‬igtiṣāb forcible, illegal seizure,
extortion, robbery, illegal appropriation,
usurpation; ravishment, violation, rape (of
a woman); force, compulsion, coercion,
constraint
‫ غاصب‬gāṣib pl. -ūn, guṣṣāb usurper
‫ مغصوب‬magṣūb acquired by unlawful
arbitrariness, extorted, usurped; forced,
compelled, coerced, constrained
‫ مغتصب‬mugtaṣib violent, outrageous,
brutal; usurper
‫ غصن‬II and IV to put forth branches, to branch
(tree)
‫ غصن‬guṣn pl. ‫ غصون‬guṣūn, ‫اغصان‬
agṣān twig, bough, limb, branch
‫ غصنة‬guṣna twig, shoot, cion, sprout
‫ غض‬gaḍḍa (1st peril. perf. qaḍaḍtu) i and (1st
peril. perf. qaḍiḍtu) a (‫ غضوضة‬guḍūda,
‫ غضاضة‬gaḍāda) to be or become fresh,
succulent, tender (esp. a plant); -- gaḍḍa u
(gaḍḍ, ‫ غضاضة‬gaḍāḍa) to cast down,
lower (‫ من‬or ‫ ھـ‬one’s eyes, one’s glance,
out of modesty, and the like), to lower,
lessen, diminish (‫ من‬the value, the prestige
of s.o. or s.th.), detract, derogate (‫ من‬from
s.o., from s.th.) │ ‫( غض طرفه‬ṭarfahū) to
lower one’s eyes; ‫غض الطرف )النظر( عنه‬
(naẓara) to overlook, let pass, disregard
s.th., pass over s.th., wink at s.th., pay no
attention to s.th., have no objection to s.th.
‫ غض‬gaḍḍ aversion (of the glance) │
‫ غض النظر )الطرف( عنه‬g. an-naẓar (aṭ-ṭart)
overlooking of s.th.; disregarding of s.th.;
‫ بغض النظر عن‬aside from ..., not to speak of
..., let alone ..., regardless of …,
irrespective of ..., notwithstanding …
‫ غض‬gaḍḍ fresh, succulent, juicy,
tender; lush, luxuriant (plant)
‫ غضة‬guḍḍa shortcoming, deficiency,
fault, defect
‫ غضيض‬gaḍīḍ fresh, succulent, juicy,
tender
‫ غضاضة‬gaḍāḍa freshness, succulence,
juiciness, tenderness; shortcoming,
deficiency, fault, defect; blot, stain, 675
disgrace, shame │ ‫ ما وجد غضاضة في‬to take
no offence at …, have no objection to …
‫ غضوضة‬gudūḍa freshness, succulence,
juiciness, tenderness
‫ غضب‬gaḍiba a (gaḍab) to be or become angry,
cross, mad, vexed, irritated, exasperated,
furious, to fret (‫ من‬or ‫ على‬at s.th., with
s.o.); to stand up (‫ ل‬for), defend (‫ ل‬s.th.)
III to be cross, be on bad terms (‫ ه‬with
s.o.) IV to annoy, exasperate, anger, make
angry, enrage, infuriate (‫ ه‬s.o.); to vex,
irrigate, gall, provoke (‫ ه‬s.o.) V = I
‫ غضب‬gaḍab wrath, rage, fury; anger,
exasperation, indignation; ‫غضبا ل‬
(gaḍaban) for the protection of
‫ غضب‬gaḍib wrathful, angry,
exasperated, irate, furious, infuriated,
enraged; vexed, annoyed, irritated, galled
‫ غضبة‬gaḍba fit of rage, angry outburst,
tantrum
‫ غضوب‬gaḍūb irascible, choleric,
irritable
‫ غضباني‬gudābī irascible, choleric,
irritable; sullen, morose
‫ غضبان‬gaḍbān2, f. ‫ غضبى‬gaḍbā, pl.
‫غضاب‬giḍāb, ‫ غضابى‬gaḍabā, guḍabā
wrathful, angry, exasperated, irate,
furious, infuriated, enraged
‫ اغضاب‬igdāb exasperation, infuriation;
vexation, irritation, annoying; provocation
‫ غاضب‬gāḍib wrathful, angry,
exasperated, irate, furious, infuriated,
enraged; vexed, annoyed, irritated, galled
‫ مغضوب‬magḍūb: ‫ مغضوب عليه‬object of
anger
‫ غضر‬gaḍara i (gadr) to turn away (‫ عن‬from);
to turn (‫ على‬against s.o. or to s.o.); --
gaḍira a (gaḍar) to be or become rich,
abundant, lavish, opulent, lush, luxuriant
‫ غضر‬gaḍir abundant, lavish, opulent,
lush, luxuriant
‫ غضير‬gaḍīr fresh, green (plant)
‫ غضارة‬gaḍāra freshness; affluence,
prosperity, opulence
‫ غضروف‬guḍrūf pl. ‫ غضاريف‬gaḍārīf
cartilage, gristle
‫ غضن‬II to wrinkle, pucker, shrivel, fold, crease
(‫ ھـ‬s.th.) III to wink amorously (‫ ھا‬at a
woman) V to wrinkle, shrivel, form,
creases or corrugations; to be or become
wrinkled, creased, folded, corrugated
‫ غضن‬gaḍn, gaḍan pl. ‫ غضون‬guḍūn
wrinkle, fold, crease, corrugation; (only
sg.) trouble, toil, labor, hardship, difficulty
│ ‫ في غضون‬... in the course of, during,
within; ‫ في غضون‬meanwhile, in the
meantime
‫ غضنفر‬gaḍanfar lion
(‫ )غضو‬IV to close one’s eyes (also with ‫عينيه‬
‘ainahū); to overlook, disregard, avoid
seeing, condone (‫ ھـ‬،‫ عن‬s.th.), let (‫ ھـ‬،‫عن‬
s.th.) pass, shut one’s eyes (‫ ھـ‬،‫ عن‬to s.th.),
take no notice (‫ ھـ‬،‫ عن‬of s.th.); to be
lenient (‫ عن‬with), have indulgence, show
forbearance (‫ عن‬for), wink, connive (‫عن‬
at) VI to pretend not to notice; to
disregard (‫ عن‬s.th.); ‫تغاضى عنه = اغضى عنه‬
(‫ على احر من جمر الغضى‬:‫غضى( غضا‬
(aḥarra, jamri l-g.) lit: in a hotter spot
than the live embers of gaḍā (i.e. a variety
of euphorbia), i.e. on pins and needles, in
an unbearable situation
‫ اغضاء‬igḍā’ overlooking, connivance,
condonation, disregard; indulgence,
forbearance
‫ تغاض‬tagāḍin overlooking, connivance,
condonation, disregard; indulgence,
forbearance 676
‫ غط‬gaṭṭa u (gaṭṭ) to immerse, dip, plunge (‫في‬
‫ ه‬,‫ ھـ‬s.o., s.th. in); -- gaṭṭa i (‫ غطيط‬gaṭīṭ) to
snore IV to immerse, dip, plunge (‫ ه‬,‫في ھـ‬
s.o., s.th. in) VII to be immersed, be
dipped, be plunged (‫ في‬in)
‫ غطيط‬gaṭīṭ snoring, snore
‫ غطيطة‬guṭaiṭa fog, mist
‫ غطرة‬guṭra designation of the kūfīya, or
headcloth worn under the ‘iqāl, in Nejd
and Bahrein
‫ غطرس‬gaṭrasa to be haughty, arrogant,
supercilious, overbearing, snobbish,
conceited, overweening. self-important II
tagaṭrasa do. │ ‫( تغطرس في مشيته‬mišyatihī)
to display a haughty bearing, swagger,
strut
‫ غطرسة‬gaṭrasa haughtiness,
superciliousness, arrogance, insolence,
impudence, snobbishness, conceitedness,
self-importance
‫ غطريس‬giṭrīs pl. ‫ غطاريس‬gaṭārīs2
haughty, supercilious, arrogant,
overbearing, snobbish, conceited,
overweening, self-important
‫ متغطرس‬mutagaṭris haughty,
supercilious, arrogant, overbearing,
snobbish, conceited, overweening, self-
important
‫ غطريف‬giṭrīf pl. ‫ غطاريف‬gaṭārīf2, ‫غطارف‬
gaṭārif2, ‫ غطارفة‬gaṭārifa potentate; a noble,
great, famous man
‫ غطس‬gaṭasa i (gaṭs) to dip, plunge, immerse,
submerse (‫ ه‬,‫ في ھـ‬s.o., s.th. into water); to
dive, plunge, become immersed, sink,
submerge (‫ في‬in water) II to dip, plunge,
immerse, submerse (‫ ه‬,‫ في ھـ‬s.o., s.th. into
water); (Chr.) to baptize (‫ ه‬s.o.) V to dive;
to bathe (‫ في‬in)
‫ غطس‬gaṭs dipping, plunging,
immersion; diving; sinking (trans. and
intr.); submersion
‫ غطاس‬giṭās baptism (Chr.); ‫الغطاس‬
Epiphany (Chr.)
‫ غطاس‬gaṭṭās diver (man or bird)
‫ مغطس‬magṭis (migṭas) pl. ‫مغاطس‬
magāṭis2 bathtub; plunge bath │ ‫عيد المغطس‬
‘īd al-m. Epiphany (Chr.)
‫ تغطيس‬tagṭīs dipping, plunging,
immersion; submersion; baptism (Chr.)
‫ غاطس‬gāṭis draft (of a ship)
‫ غطش‬gaṭaša i (gaṭš) to be or become
dark (night); -- gaṭiša a (gaṭaš) to become
 dim (eye); to be dim-sighted V to be dim,
dim-sighted (eye)
‫ غطش‬gaṭaš dim-sightedness
‫ غطم‬giṭamm huge, vast (ocean)
‫ )غطا )غطو‬gaṭā u (gaṭw) to cover, cover up (‫ھـ‬
s.th.) II to cover, wrap, envelop, conceal (
‫ ه‬،‫ ب ھـ‬s.o., s.th. with); to slip (‫ ب ھـ‬over
s.th. s.th. else), cover (‫ ب ھـ‬s.th. with); to
2
cover (‫ ھـ‬s.th., e.g., expenses, the goal in
sports); to outshine, eclipse, obscure (‫على‬
s.o., s.th.); to drown (‫ على‬s.th., of voices,
etc.); to be stronger, be more decisive (‫على‬
than) V to be covered, wrapped,
enveloped, concealed (‫ ب‬with. by); to
cover o.s. (‫ ب‬with), wrap o.s., veil o.s.,
conceal o.s. (‫ ب‬in) VIII = V
‫ غطاء‬giṭā’ pl. ‫ اغطية‬agṭiya cover,
covering, integument, wrap, wrapper,
wrapping, envelope; covering (=
clothing); lid │ ‫ غطاء الرأس‬headgear
‫ تغطية‬tagṭiya cover(ing) (of expenses, of
currency, of the goal in sports); cover of
notes in circulation, backing of notes, note ‫ غفقة‬gafqa light slumber
coverage ‫ غفل‬gafala u (‫ غفلة‬gafla, ‫ غفول‬gufūl) to neglect,
‫ غف‬gaffa i (eg.) to take unawares; to grab,
grasp, seize (‫ على‬s.o.)
‫ غفر‬gafara i (gafr, ‫ غفر‬magfira, ‫غفران‬
gufrān) to forgive (‫ ھـ ل‬s.o. s.th.), grant
pardon (‫ ل ھـ‬to s.o. for s.th.), remit (‫ھـ‬
s.th.) │ ‫( ال يغفر‬yugfaru) unpardonable,
irremissible, inexcusable VIII to forgive
677 (‫ ھـ ل‬s.o. s.th.), grant pardon (‫ ھـ ل‬to
s.o. for), remit (‫ ھـ‬s.th.) │ ‫ال يغتفر‬
(yugtafaru) unpardonable, irremissible,
inexcusable X to ask s.o.’s (‫ )ه‬pardon (‫ ل‬or
‫ من‬or ‫ ھـ‬for an offense), ask (‫ ه‬s.o.) to
forgive (‫ ل‬or ‫ من‬or ‫ ھـ‬an offense),
apologize (‫ ه‬to s.o., ‫ ل‬or ‫ من‬or ‫ ھـ‬for) │
‫ استغفر ﷲ‬I ask God’s forgiveness! a
formular phrase used on various
occasions, esp. when modestly declining
compliments and amiabilities, approx.:
please don’t (say so)! not at all!
‫ غفر‬gafr pardon, forgiveness; ‫غفرا‬
gafran pardon me! I beg your pardon!
‫ غفور‬gafūr readily inclined to pardon,
much-forgiving (esp. of God)
‫ غفار‬gaffār readily inclined to pardon,
much-forgiving (esp. of God)
‫ غفران‬gufrān pardon, forgiveness,
remission │ ‫‘ عيد صوم غفران‬īd ṣaum al-g.
or ‫ عيد الغفران‬Day of Atonement, Yom
Kippur (Jud.)
‫ مغفرة‬magfira pardon, forgiveness,
remission
‫ مغفور‬magfūr: ‫( المغفور له‬he who has
been forgiven), the deceased, the late ...
‫ غفر‬II to guard (‫ على‬s.o., s.th.), watch (‫على‬
over s.o.) over s.th.)
‫ غفرة‬gufra cover; lid
‫ غفير‬gafīr numerous (crowd), abundant
(quantity), large (number); (pl. ‫غفراء‬
gufarā’2) guard, sentinel; watchman │ ‫جم‬
‫( )جمع( غفير‬jamm, jam‘) large number or
quantity, large gathering of people
‫ غفارة‬gifāra pl. ‫ غفائر‬gafā’ir2 kerchief
for covering the bead, headcloth
‫ غفارة‬gaffāra cope (Chr.)
‫ مغفر‬migfar pl. ‫ مغافر‬magāfir2 helmet
not to heed, disregard, ignore (‫ من‬s.th.), be
forgetful, be heedless, be unmindful (‫عن‬
of), pay no attention (‫ عن‬to) II to make (‫ه‬
s.o.) negligent, careless, heedless, or
inattentive III to use, or take advantage of,
s.o.’s (‫ )ه‬negligence, inadvertence,
inattention, heedlessness, or carelessness;
to surprise, take by surprise, take
unawares (‫ ه‬s.o.) IV to neglect, not to
heed, disregard, ignore (‫ ھـ‬s.th.), be
forgetful, be heedless, be unmindful (‫ ھـ‬of
s.th.), pay no attention (‫ ھـ‬to s.th.); to pass
(‫ ھـ‬over s.th.), slight, leave out, omit, skip
(‫ ھـ‬s.th.); to leave unspecified (‫ ھـ‬s.th.) V =
III; VI to feign inattention, inadvertence,
negligence, or carelessness; to pretend to
be, or make as if, inattentive, inadvertent,
negligent, or careless; to neglect,
disregard, ignore, slight (‫ ه‬،‫ ھـ‬s.o., s.th.),
pay no attention (‫ عن‬to), be uninterested (
‫ عن‬in), be indifferent (‫ عن‬to) X = III; to
regard (‫ ه‬s.o.) as stupid, as a fool; to make
a fool of s.o. (‫)ه‬, pull s.o.’s (‫ )ه‬leg
‫ غفل‬gufl careless, heedless, unmindful,
inadvertent; undesignated, unmarked;
without name, anonymous; not provided (
‫ من‬with), devoid (‫ من‬of) │ ‫غفل من التاريخ‬
 undated, without date, bearing no date; ‫غفل‬
‫( )من اإلمضاء )التوقيع‬imḍā’) without
signature, unsigned, anonymous; ‫حديد غفل‬
unprocessed iron, pig iron, crude iron
‫ غفل‬gafal negligence, inadvertence,
inattention, heedlessness, carelessness
‫ غفلة‬gafla negligence, inadvertence,
inattention, heedlessness, carelessness;
indifference; foolishness; stupidity │ ‫موت‬
‫ الغفلة‬maut al-g. sudden death; ‫ على غفلة‬and
‫( على حين غفلة‬ḥini g.) suddenly, all of a
sudden, unawares, inadvertently,
unexpectedly, surprisingly
‫ غفالن‬gaflān(2) negligent, neglectful,
careless, heedless, inadvertent, inattentive;
drowsy, sleepy
‫ تغفيل‬tagfīl stultification 678
‫ اغفال‬igfāl neglect, disregard, ignoring,
nonobservance, slight(ing); omission,
skipping
‫ تغافل‬tagāful neglect
‫ غافل‬gāfil pl. -ūn, ‫ غفول‬gufūl, ‫ غفل‬guffal
negligent, neglectful, careless, heedless,
inadvertent, unaware, inattentive
‫ مغفل‬mugaffal apathetic, indifferent,
inattentive; gullible, easily duped, a
sucker; simple-minded, artless; simpleton
‫ مغفل‬mugfal anonymous │‫=( شركة مغفلة‬
Fr. société anonyme) joint-stock
corporation
‫ متغفل‬mutagaffil dunce, dolt, numskull
(‫ غفو‬and ‫ غفى( غفا‬gafā u (gafw, gufūw) to
slumber, doze, take a nap; to doze off, nod
off, fall asleep; -- gafiya a (‫ غفية‬gafya) do.
IV do.
‫ غفوة‬gafwa pl. -āt slumber, nap, doze,
cat nap
‫ اغفاءة‬igfā’a slumber, nap, doz., cat nap
‫ غل‬galla u (gall) to insert, put, stick, enter (‫في‬
‫ ھـ‬s.th. in(to) or between); to penetrate,
enter (‫ ھـ‬s.th. or into s.th.); to apply an
iron collar or manacles (‫ ه‬on s.o.),
handcuff, shackle, fetter (‫ ه‬s.o.); to
produce, yield, yield crops (land) │ ‫غل يده‬
‫( الى عنقه‬yadahū, ‘unuqihī) (lit.: to fetter
one’s hand to one’s neck, i.e.) not to
spend or give away anything, be
niggardly; -- galla i (gill) to be filled with
hatred or rancor (breast); -- pass. gulla
(gull, ‫ غلة‬gulla) to suffer violent thirst,
burn with thirst II to apply an iron collar
or manacles (‫ ه‬on s.o.), handcuff, shackle,
fetter (‫ ه‬s.o.) IV to produce, yield, yield
crops (land); to yield (‫ ھـ على‬to s.o. s.th.) V
to enter, penetrate (‫ في‬s.th. or into s.th.)
VII = V X to rake in, gain, win, obtain,
reap (‫ ھـ‬s.th.); to realize, or make, a profit
(‫ ھـ‬on s.th.), receive the proceeds (‫ ھـ‬of
s.th., esp. of land, and the like), turn to
(good) account, invest profitably, utilize (
‫ ھـ‬s.th.); to profit (‫ ه‬by s.o., ‫ ھـ‬by s.th.),
derive advantage or profit (‫ ه‬،‫ ھـ‬from),
make capital (‫ ھـ‬out of s.th.), capitalize (‫ھـ‬
on s.th.); to take advantage (‫ ه‬،‫ ھـ‬of),
exploit (‫ ه‬،‫ ھـ‬s.o., s.th.)
‫ غل‬gill rancor, hatred, spite, malice
‫ غل‬gull burning thirst; (pl. ‫ اغالل‬aglāl)
iron collar; manacles, handcuffs; pl.
chains, shackles, fetters
‫ غلة‬gulla burning thirst
‫ غلة‬galla pl. -āt, ‫ غالل‬gilāl yield,
produce, crops; proceeds, revenue, returns
(esp. of farming); grain, cereals; corn;
fruits
‫ غليل‬galīl burning thirst; thirst for
revenge; rancor, ill will; ardent desire; (pl.
‫ غالل‬gilāl) exhausted with thirst, very
thirsty
‫ غاللة‬galāla pl. ‫ غالئل‬galā’il2 a fine,
diaphanous cape, mantilla, veil; shirtlike
garment, gown │ ‫ غاللة النوم‬g. an-naum
nightshirt, nightgown
‫ استغالل‬istiglāl utilization; development,
working (of a mine, and the like),
exploitation (of a mine; also = selfish
utilization, sweating); usufruct; abuse
‫ استغاللي‬istiglālī serving exploitation,
exploitative
‫ مغلول‬maglūl fettered, shackled;
exhausted with thirst, very thirsty │ ‫مغلول‬
‫ اليد‬m. al-yad inactive, idle
‫ مغل‬mugill productive, fruitful, fertile
(land, soil)
‫ مستغل‬mustagill exploiter, utilizer,
usufructuary, beneficiary
 ‫ مستغل‬mustagall pl. -āt that which
yields crops, proceeds, or profit; yield,
produce, proceeds; profit 679
‫ غلب‬galaba i (galb, ‫ غلبة‬galaba) to subdue,
conquer, vanquish, defeat, beat, lick (‫على‬
or ‫ ه‬،‫ ھـ‬so., s.th.), get the better (‫ على‬or ‫ ه‬،‫ھـ‬
of s.o., of s.th.), be victorious, triumph,
gain ascendancy, get the upperhand,
achieve supremacy (‫ على‬or ‫ ه‬،‫ ھـ‬over s.o.,
over s.th.); to master, surmount, overcome
(‫ على‬or ‫ ھـ‬s.th.); to seize (‫ على‬or ‫ ھـ‬s.th.),
take possession (‫ على‬or ‫ ھـ‬of s.th.), lay
hold (‫ على‬or ‫ ھـ‬on s.th.); to overpower,
overcome, overwhelm (‫ على‬or ‫ ه‬s.o.); to
snatch, wrench, wrest (‫ على ه‬from s.o.
s.th.), rob, plunder (‫ على ه‬s.o. of s.th.); to
prevail, (pre)dominate, be preponderant (
‫ على‬in s.th.); to be probable, be likely │
‫( غلب على الظن‬ẓann) to be probable, be
likely; ‫( )تغلب عليه الصحة )الجدة‬ṣiḥḥatu,
jiddatu) (to be) fairly, almost correct or
new; ‫( تغلب عليه الكآبة‬ka‘ābatu) he is in low
spirits most of the time, melancholy
prevails in him; ‫( يغلب عليه الكرم‬karamu) his
predominant, or foremost, quality is
generosity II to make (‫ ه‬s.o.) get the
upperhand (‫ على‬over), make (‫ ھـ‬s.o.)
triumph (‫ على‬over); to put (‫ على ھـ‬s.th.
above or before) III to try to defeat (‫ ه‬s.o.);
to fight, combat (‫ ه‬،‫ ھـ‬s.o., s.th.), struggle,
wrestle (‫ ھـ‬،‫ ه‬with; ‫ المصاعب‬with
difficulties); to befall, overcome (‫ ه‬s.o.;
e.g., sleep) V to triumph, gain the mastery
(‫ على‬over), overcome, surmount, master (
‫ على‬s.th.), cope (‫ على‬with), break (‫ على‬a
resistance); to outweigh (‫ على‬s.th.) │ ‫تغلب‬
‫( عليه النعاس‬nu‘āsu) he was overcome by
drowsiness VI to wrestle with one
another, struggle
‫ غلب‬galab (act of) conquering,
defeating, surmounting, overcoming
‫ غلبة‬galaba victory; (eg.) idle talk,
chatter, prattle
‫ غلباوي‬galabāwī (eg.) garrulous,
voluble, talkative; chatterbox, prattler,
windbag
‫ غالب‬gallāb victorious, triumphant,
conquering
‫ اغلب‬aglab2 (elative, with def. article or
foll. genit.) the greater portion, the
majority, most (of) │ ‫ في األغلب‬in most
cases; mostly, in general, generally; ‫في‬
‫( األغلب واألعم‬wa-l-a‘amm) do.; ‫في اغلب الظن‬
(a. iẓ-ẓann) most likely, most probably, in
all probability; ‫ اغلب امره‬aglaba amrihī and
‫ اغلب األمر‬in most cases, mostly; most
likely, most probably, in all probability
‫ اغلبية‬aglabīya majority, greater portion
│ ‫( اغلبية خاصة‬kāṣṣa) qualified majority;
‫( اغلبية مطلقة‬muṭlaqa) absolute majority
(pol.)
‫ غالب‬gilāf combat(ing), fight; struggle,
strife, contest
‫ مغالبة‬mugālaba combat(ing), fight;
struggle, strife, contest
‫ تغلب‬tagallub surmounting,
overcoming, mastery (‫ على‬of s.th.)
‫ غالب‬gālib (pre)dominant; (with foll.
genit. or suffix) most of, the greater
portion of, the majority of; (pl. ‫غلبة‬
galaba) victor │ ‫ غالبا‬gāliban and ‫في الغالب‬
mostly, in most cases, for the most part,
largely; in general, generally; most likely,
most probably; ‫ والغالب ان‬and the rule is
that …, as a rule ...
‫ غالبية‬gālibīya majority, greater portion
‫ مغلوب‬maglūb defeated, vanquished;
beaten; recessive (biol.) │ ‫مغلوب على امره‬
(amrihī) helpless
‫ مغلب‬mugallab defeated, overwhelmed,
overcome
‫ غلس‬galas darkness of night (esp. that
preceding daybreak)
‫ غلصمة‬galṣama pl. ‫ غالصم‬galāṣim2 epiglottis
‫ غلط‬galiṭa a (galaṭ) to make, or commit, a
mistake, commit an error, err, be mistaken
II to accuse (‫ ه‬s.o.) of a mistake or error,
put s.o. (‫ )ه‬in the wrong; to make (‫ ه‬s.o.)
commit a mistake or error 680 III to seek
to involve (‫ ه‬s.o.) in errors or mistakes; to
deceive, beguile, cheat, swindle (s.o.) IV
to make (‫ ه‬s.o.) commit a mistake or error
VI to mislead one another, cheat one
another
‫ غلط‬galaṭ pl. ‫ اغالط‬aglāṭ error, mistake,
blunder; incorrect, wrong │ ‫ غلط الحس‬g.
al-ḥiss deception of the senses, illusion; ‫في‬
‫( االمر غلط‬amr) there is a but in the case,
there is a hitch somewhere
 ‫ غلطة‬galṭa pl. galaṭāt, ‫ اغالالت‬aglāṭ
error, mistake, blunder │ ‫غلطة مطبعية‬
(maṭba‘īya) misprint, erratum
‫ غلطان‬galṭān2 one who commits a
mistake or error; mistaken, erring, wrong
‫ اغلوطة‬uglūṭa pl. -āt, ‫ اغاليط‬agālīṭ
captious question
‫ مغلطة‬maglaṭa pl. ‫ مغالط‬magaliṭ captious
question
‫ مغالطة‬mugālaṭa pl. -āt cheating, deceit;
swindle, fraud; falsification, distortion;
fallacy, sophism
‫ غلظ‬galuẓa u and galaẓa i (gilaẓ, ‫غلظة‬
gilẓa, ‫ غالظة‬gilāẓa) to be or become thick,
gross, coarse, crude, rude, rough, rugged;
to become viscous, viscid, tough, sirupy
(of a liquid, mush); to treat (‫ على‬s.o.)
harshly, ruthlessly II to make (‫ ھـ‬s.th.)
thick, gross, big, coarse, crude, rude,
rough, or rugged; to thicken, coarsen (‫ه‬
s.th.) │ ‫ غلظ اليمين‬to swear a sacred oath IV
‫ في القول‬or ‫( اغلظ له القول‬qaula, fī l-qauli) to
bark at s.o. rudely, use rude language
toward s.o., speak rudely, impolitely with
s.o. X to become thick, gross, big, coarse,
crude, rude, rough, rugged; to find (‫ ه‬s.th.)
thick, coarse, crude, rude, rough, rugged
‫ غالظ‬gilāẓ thickness, grossness;
coarseness, crudeness, roughness,
ruggedness; harshness, ruthlessness,
rudeness, impoliteness, boorishness
‫ غلظة‬gilẓa thickness, grossness;
coarseness, crudeness, roughness,
ruggedness; harshness, ruthlessness,
rudeness, impoliteness, boorishness
‫ غليظ‬galīẓ pl. ‫ غالظ‬thick (e.g., curtain,
fabric); fat and uncouth, hulking, burly,
gross (person, body); viscous, viscid,
sirupy (liquid); solid, stringy, tough
(food); coarse, crude (fabric, words,
person); rough, rugged (ground); harsh,
callous, rude, churlish, inconsiderate,
boorish; inviolable, sacred (alliance, oath)
│ ‫ غليظ الرقبة‬g. ar-raqaba stiff-necked,
obdurate, obstinate, stubborn; ‫المعى الغليظ‬
(mi‘ā) the large intestine (anat.); ‫يمين غليظة‬
binding, sacred oath
‫ غالظة‬gilāẓi thickness grossness;
coarser, ness, crudeness, roughness,
ruggedness
‫ اغلظ‬aglāẓ thicker, grosser; coarser,
cruder, rougher; ruder, more impolite
‫ مغلظ‬mugallaẓ: ‫ يمين مغلظة‬binding,
sacred oath
‫ غلغل‬galgala to penetrate (‫ في‬s.th. or into s.th.);
to enter (‫ في‬s.th. or into s.th.); to plunge,
become immersed, submerge (‫ في‬in) II
tagalgala to set in, descend, fall (night); to
penetrate (‫ في‬s.th. or into s.th.); to enter (
‫ في‬s.th. or into s.th.); to plunge, become
immersed, submerge (‫ في‬in); to be
crammed (‫ في‬into), be deeply embedded.
b. ensconced (‫ في‬in); to interfere, meddle
‫ متغلغل‬mutagalgil deeply embedded (‫في‬
in); extensive, widely extended, far-
reaching (connections)
‫ غلف‬II to put or wrap (‫ ھـ‬s.th.) in a cover, wrap,
envelope, or case; to wrap, envelop (‫ھـ‬
s.th.); to cover (‫ ھـ ب‬s.th. with)
‫ غلفة‬gulfa foreskin, prepuce
‫ غالف‬gilāf pl. ‫ غلف‬guluf cover,
covering, wrapping, wrapper, wrapping,
jacket (of a book); case, box; envelope
681
‫ اغلف‬aglaf2, f. ‫ غلفاء‬galfā’2, pl. ‫ غلف‬gulf
uncircumcised; rude, uncivilized
‫ مغلف‬mugallaf uncircumcised; (pl. -āt)
cover, covering, wrap, wrapper, wrapping,
envelope (of a letter)
‫ غلق‬galaqa i (galq) to close, shut (‫ ھـ‬s.th., a
door); to look, bolt (‫ ھـ‬s.th., a door);
galiqa a (galaq): ‫( غلق الرھن‬rahnu) the
pledge was forfeited as the pledger was
unable to redeem it II to close shut (‫ھـ‬
s.th., a door); to lock, bolt (‫ ھـ‬s.th., a door)
IV = II; to declare a pledge (‫ رھنا‬rahnan)
to be forfeited, foreclose (‫ رھنا‬a
mortgage); pass. ugliqa to be obscure,
dark, ambiguous, dubious,
incomprehensible (‫ على‬to s.o.) VII to be
closed, shut, looked, or bolted; to be
incomprehensible, X to be obscure, dark,
ambiguous, incomprehensible; to be
difficult, intricate, complicated │ ‫استغلق‬
‫( عليه الكالم‬kalamu) he was unable to speak,
he was struck dumb, he was speechless
 ‫ غلق‬galaq pl. ‫ اغلق‬aglāq lock, padlock
‫ غلق‬galiq obscure, dark, ambiguous,
dubious, abstruse, recondite, difficult to
comprehend
‫ غالقة‬gilāqa unpaid balance
‫ مغالق‬miglāq pl. ‫ مغاليق‬magālīq2 look;
padlock; breech (of a firearm); any closing
or fastening mechanism, as, a latch, a
catch, a clasp, a cap, a cover, a lid, a
outoff, etc.
‫ اغالق‬iglāq closing, shutting, locking,
bolting, shutting-off, barring; foreclosure
(of a mortgage)
‫ انغالق‬ingilāq obscurity, abstruseness,
incomprehensibility
‫ مغلق‬maglaq closed, shut; locked,
bolted; obscure, dark, ambiguous,
dubious, abstruse, recondite, difficult to
comprehend
‫ مستغلق‬mustagliq obscure, dark, cryptic,
ambiguous, equivocal
‫ غلم‬galima a (galam, ‫ غلم‬gulma) to be excited
by lust, be seized by sensuous desire VIII
=I
‫ غلم‬galim excited by lu.t. seized by
sensuous desire, wanton, lewd, lascivious,
lustful; in heat, rutted
‫ غلمة‬gulma lust, carnal appetite,
sensuous desire; heat, rut
‫ غالم‬gulām pl. ‫ غلمان‬gilmān, ‫ غلمة‬gilma
boy, youth, lad; slave; servant, waiter
‫ غالمية‬gulāmīya youth, youthfulness
‫ غيلم‬gailam male tortoise
‫ غلم‬gulūma youth, youthfulness
‫ )غال )غلو‬galā u (gulūw) to exceed the proper
bounds, be excessive, go too far (‫ في‬in),
overdo, exaggerate (‫ في‬s.th.); -- galā u (
‫ غالء‬galā2) to be high, be stiff (price); to
become expensive, undergo a prise raise
(merchandise); to be expensive, be high
priced II to raise the price or s.th. (‫ )ھـ‬III
to exceed the proper bounds, be excessive,
go too far (‫ في‬in), overdo, exaggerate (‫في‬
s.th.); to demand too high a price, charge
too much (‫ ب‬for); to put greet store (‫ ب‬by
s.th.), ascribe great value (‫ ب‬to s.th.), rate
highly (‫ ب‬s.th.) IV = II; to declare (‫ ھـ‬s.th.)
to be dear or precious, appreciate, value,
prize, treasure, cherish (‫ ھـ‬s.th.); to laud,
extol, praise highly (‫ ھـ‬s.th.) VI to exceed
the proper bounds, be excessive, go too
far (‫ في‬in); to overdo, exaggerate (‫ في‬،‫ب‬
s.th.) X to find (‫ ھـ‬s.th.) expensive or
costly
‫ غلو‬gulūw exceeding of proper bounds,
excess, extravagance; exaggeration
‫ غالء‬galā’2 high cost, high level of
prices, rise in prices; high price
‫ غلواء‬gulawā’2, gulwā’2 exceeding of
proper bounds, excess, extravagance │
‫( خفف من غلوائه‬kaffāfa) to dampen s.o.’s
ardor, curb s.o.’s enthusiasm 682
‫ اغلى‬aglā more expensive; more
valuable, more costly
‫ مغاالة‬mugālāh exceeding of proper
bounds, excess, extravagance,
exaggeration
‫ اغالء‬iglā’ laudation, extolment, high
praise; admiration
‫ غال‬gālin expensive, high priced;
valuable, costly; dear, beloved; -- (pl. ‫غالة‬
gulāh) adherent of an extreme sect;
extremist, radical; fanatic adherent, fanatic
‫ غلى‬galā i (galy, ‫ غليان‬galayān) to boil, bubble
up; to ferment (alcoholic beverage) II to
make (‫ ھـ‬s.th.) boil; to boil (‫ ھـ‬s.th.) IV = II
‫ غلو‬galy boiling, ebullition
‫ غلي‬galayān boiling, ebullition
‫ غليون‬galyūn pl. ‫ غاليين‬galāyīn, water
pipe, narghile, hubble-bubble; smoking
pipe, tobacco pipe; see also below
‫ غالية‬gallāya pl. -āt boiler, kettle,
caldron │ ‫ آلة غالية‬steam boiler
‫ غالية‬gāliya a perfume made of muek
and ambergris (Galia moschata)
‫ مغلي‬maglīy broth; decoction (pharm.)
‫ غليون‬galyūn pl. ‫ غاليين‬galāyīn2, ‫ غالوين‬galāwīn2
galleon; see also ‫غلى‬
‫ غم‬gamma u (gamm) to cover, veil, conceal (‫ھـ‬
s.th.); to fill (‫ ه‬s.o.) with sadness, pain, or
grief, to pain, grieve, distress (‫ ه‬s.o.); pass.
gumma to be obscure, incomprehensible (
‫ على‬to s.o.) II to cover, veil, conceal (‫ھـ‬
 s.th.) IV to be overcast (sky); to fill (‫ ه‬s.o.)
with sadness, pain, or grief, to pain,
grieve, distress (‫ ه‬s.o.) VII to be
distressed, be worried, be sad, grieve,
pine, worry VIII = VII
‫ غم‬gamm pl. ‫ غموم‬gumūm grief,
affliction, sorrow, distress, sadness,
worry, anxiety
‫ غمة‬gumma grief, affliction, sorrow,
distress, sadness, anxiety
‫ غمام‬gamām (coll.; n. un. ‫ )ة‬pl. ‫غمائم‬
gamā’im2 clouds │ ‫ حب الغمام‬ḥabb al-g.
hail
‫ غمامة‬gimāma pl. ‫ غمائم‬gamā’m2 blinder,
blinker (for horses, etc.); muzzle (for
animals)
‫ اغم‬agamm2, f. ‫ غماء‬gammā’2 covered
with dense hair, hairy, hirsute, shaggy;
thick, dense (clouds)
‫ غام‬gamm grievous, distressing,
sorrowful, sad, painful; sultry, muggy
(day, night)
‫ مغموم‬magmūm grieved, distressed,
afflicted, worried, sad
‫ مغتم‬mugtamm grieved, distressed,
afflicted, worried, sad
‫غمد‬gamada i u (gamd) to sheathe, put into the
scabbard (‫ ھـ‬the sword); to plunge, threat (
‫ ھـ‬the sword into s.o.’s breast); to
encompass, shelter, protect, cover (‫ ه‬s.o.,
‫ برحمته‬bi-raḥmatihī with His grace; of
God) II to conceal s.o.’s (‫ )ه‬offenses or
shortcomings IV to sheathe, put into the
scabbard (‫ ھـ‬the sword) V to encompass,
shelter, protect, cover (‫ ه‬s.o., ‫ برحمته‬bi-
raḥmatihī with His grace; of God)
‫ غمد‬gimd pl. ‫ اغماد‬agmād, ‫ غمود‬gumūd
sheath, scabbard
‫ غمر‬gamara u (‫ غمارة‬gamāra, ‫غمورة‬
gumūra) to be plentiful, copious,
abundant, abound (water); to overflow
(intr.); -- gamara u (gamr) to flood,
inundate (‫ ھـ‬s.th., ‫ ب ھـ‬s.th. with), overflow
(‫ ھـ‬s.th.); to douse, cover (‫ ھـ‬s.th., ‫ ب‬with a
liquid), pour a liquid (‫ )ب‬over s.th. (‫ ;)ھـ‬to
lay, soak (‫ في ھـ‬s.th. in a liquid); to
immerse, steep, submerge, place, embed (
‫ ه‬،‫ في ھـ‬s.o. s.th. in(to); esp. fig.: in(to) an
environment, an atmosphere); to cover,
683 bury (‫ ه‬،‫ ھـ‬s.o., s.th.); to bestow
liberally, lavish, heap, load (‫ ب ه‬upon s.o.
s.th.), shower (‫ ب ه‬s.o. with); to fill,
pervade (‫ ه‬s.o., ‫ ھـ‬the heart; of feeling.) III
to plunge (blindly), throw o.s. (headlong)
(‫ في‬or ‫ ھـ‬into); to venture; to risk (‫ ب‬s.th.)
│ ‫ غامر بنفسه‬to engage in daring
adventures, risk one’s life VIII to cover,
bury, engulf, swallow (‫ ھـ‬s.th.)
‫ غمر‬gamr flooding, overflowing,
submersion, inundation; (pl. ‫ غمار‬gimār,
‫ غمور‬gumūr) deluge, flood (also fig.); all-
engulfing, flooding, overflowing (water);
of overflowing liberality, lavishly
openhanded, generous; -- gamr and gumr
(pl. ‫ اغمار‬agmār) inexperienced, green,
gullible, simple, ingenuous
‫ غمرة‬gamra pl. gamarāt, ‫ غمار‬gimār
deluge, flood, inundation; (emotional)
exuberance; pl. ‫ غمار‬flood (fig., e.g., of
events); adversities, hardships, ups and
down, (of life, of battle, etc.); abundance,
profusion (e.g., of knowledge) │ ‫غمرات‬
‫ الموت‬g. a1-maut mortal throes
‫ غمر‬gumr pl. ‫ اغمار‬agmār armfull
‫ غمار‬gimār risk, hazard
‫ مغامرة‬mugāmara pl. -āt a hazardous, or
foolhardy, undertaking; adventure; risk,
hazard
‫ غامر‬gāmir overflowing, all-engulfing,
all-encompassing; plentiful, copious,
abundant; desolate, waste, empty (land)
‫ مغمور‬magmūr obscure, unknown
‫ مغامر‬mugāmir reckless, foolhardy;
adventurer
‫ غمز‬gamaza i (gamz) to feel, touch,
palpate (‫ ب ھـ ه‬s.o., s.th. with); to make a
sign, to signal (‫ ب ه‬to s.o. with); to beckon
with one’s eyes, wink (‫ ه‬at s.o.); to
twinkle, blink (‫ ب‬with one’s eyes); to
slander, calumniate (‫ على‬or ‫ ب‬s.o.) │ ‫غمز‬
‫( الجرس‬jarasa) to press the bell button,
ring the bell; ‫( غمز قناته‬qanātahū) to sound
s.o. out, probe into s.o., feel s.o.’s pulse
VI to signal to one another, wink at one
another VIII to detract (‫ ھـ‬from s.th.),
belittle, decry, disparage (‫ ھـ‬s.th.)
 ‫ غمز‬gamza pl. -āt sign, signal, hint,
wink (with the eye), twinkle; taunt, gibe
‫ غمازة‬gammāza dimple
‫ غميزة‬gamīza failing, fault,
shortcoming, blemish (of character)
‫ مغمز‬pl. ‫ مغامز‬magāmiz2 failing, fault,
shortcoming. blemish (of character);
weakness, weak spot, s.th. which arouses
doubt, invites comment, taunts, and the
like
‫ غمس‬gamasa i (gams) to dip, plunge,
steep, immerse, submerse, link (‫ ه‬،‫في ھـ‬
s.o., s.th. in) II = I; VII to be dipped, be
plunged, become immersed, be
submersed, be sunk; to plunge, throw o.s.
(‫ في‬into) VIII = VII
‫ غموس‬gamūs ominous, calamitous,
disastrous
‫ مغموس‬magmūs immersed (‫ ب‬or ‫ في‬in)
‫ غمص‬gamaṣ i (gamṣ) to esteem lightly,
belittle, undervalue, despise, hold in
contempt (‫ ه‬،‫ ھـ‬s.o., s.th.)
‫ غمص‬agmaṣ2 blear-eyed
‫ غمض‬gamuḍa u and gamaḍa u (‫ غموض‬gumūḍ)
to be hidden, be concealed, hide; to close
(eye); to be obscure, dark, abstruse,
recondite, difficult to comprehend II to
make (‫ ھـ‬s.th.) obscure, abetruse,
recondite, difficult to comprehend; to
close, shut (‫‘( عينيه عن‬ainaihi one’s eyes
to, over, toward, or in the face of); to
sleep, be asleep │ ‫غمض جفونه على القذى‬
(jufūnahū, qaḍā) see ‫ قذى‬IV to blur, dim (
‫‘ عينيه عن‬ainaihi s.o.’s eye for), make s.o.
blind to; to close, shut (‫ عينيه عن‬one’s eyes
to, 684 over, ‫ على على‬toward. in the face
of); to pretend not to see (‫ عن‬s.th.), feign
blindness (‫ عن‬to), overlook (‫ عن‬s.th.),
wink, connive (‫ عن‬at); to hear, stand,
tolerate (‫ على‬،‫ عن‬s.th.) │ ‫اغمض من عينيه‬
(‘ainaihi) to close, one’s eyes, refuse to
see VIII to close, be closed (eye) VIII do.;
to sleep, be asleep
‫ غمض‬gumḍ sleep
‫ غمضة‬gamḍa twinkle, blink, wink │ ‫في‬
‫ غمضة عين‬in a moment, in a jiffy
‫ غماض‬gimāḍ twinkle, blink, wink
‫ غموض‬gumūḍ obscureness, obscurity,
ambiguity, abstruseness, reconditeness,
mystery, inscrutability; inexplicability,
lack of clarity, vagueness, uncertainty,
incertitude
‫ غموضة‬gumūḍa obscureness, obscurity,
abstruseness, reconditeness
‫ اغمض‬agmaḍ2 obscurer, more cryptic
‫ غامض‬gāmiḍ pl. ‫ غوامض‬gawāmiḍ2
hidden, concealed; obscure, dark,
ambiguous, abstruse, recondite, difficult
to comprehend; inscrutable, cryptic(al),
mysterious, enigmatic(al)
‫ غامض‬gāmiḍ pl. ‫ غوامض‬gawāmiḍ2
unsolved problem, riddle, enigma,
mystery │ ‫ غوامض افكاره‬s.o.’s innermost
thoughts
‫ غمط‬gamaṭa i and gamiṭ a (gamṭ) to despise,
hold in contempt, esteem lightly, belittle,
undervalue (‫ ه‬s.o.); to be ungrateful (‫ ھـ‬for
s.th.) │ ‫( غمطه حقه‬ḥaqqahū) to encroach
upon s.o.’s rights, refuse to recognize
s.o.’s rights
‫ غمغم‬gamgama to mumble, mutter
‫ غمغمة‬gamgama pl. ‫ غماغم‬gamāgim2 cry,
battle cry
‫ غمق‬gamiqa a (gamaq), gamaqa u and
gamuqa u to be damp, moist, wet
‫ غامق‬gāmiq2 dark (color)
‫ غملج‬gamlaj fickle, inconstant, unstable
‫ غمالج‬gimlāj fickle, inconstant, unstable
‫ غمى‬gamā i (gamy) to provide with a roof, to
roof (‫ ھـ‬a house); pas.: ‫( غمي عليه‬gumiya)
to swoon, faint, lose consciousness II to
blindfold IV pass. ‫( اغمي عليه‬ugmiya) to
swoon, faint, lose consciousness
‫ غمي‬gamy swoon, faint,
unconsciousness
‫ اغماء‬I igrmā’ swoon, faint,
unconsciousness
□ ‫( استغمائية‬eg.; pronounced
istugummāya): ‫ لعبة االسغماية‬la‘bat al-ist.
blindman’s buff
‫ مغمى عليه‬magmīy, mugman ‘alaihi in a
swoon, unconscious
‫ غن‬ganna (1st pers. perf. ganintu) a (gann, ‫غنة‬
gunna) to speak through the nose, speak
with a nasal twang, nasalize
‫ غن‬gann nasal pronunciation,
nasalization
‫ غنة‬gunna nasal pronunciation,
nasalization; (pl. -āt) nasal sound, twang;
sound (also, e.g., of complaint, of regret)
‫ اغن‬agann2, f. ‫ غناء‬gannā’2 nasal;
melodious, pleasant, sonorous (voice);
luxuriant, lush, gorgeous (of a garden)
‫ غنج‬ganija a (gunj) to coquet, flirt, play the
coquette (woman) V do.
‫ غنج‬gunj coquetry, flirtation, dalliance,
coquettish behavior
‫ غنج‬ganija coquettish, flirtatious
(woman); a coquette
‫ مغناج‬mignāj coquettish, flirtatious
‫ غندر‬II tagandara to play the dandy, act like a
fop
‫ غندر‬gundur fat, plump, chubby
‫ غندور‬gundūr pl. ‫ غنادرة‬ganādira (eg.)
dandy, fop 685
‫( غندقجي‬eg.) gundaqgī armorer, gunsmith
‫ غنغرينا‬gangarīnā gangrene (med.)
‫ غنم‬ganima a (gunm, ganm, ganam,
‫ غنيمة‬ganīma) to gain booty; to take as
(war) booty, capture, gain, obtain (‫ھـ‬
s.th.); to pillage, plunder, sack, loot II to
give (in a disinterested manner) (‫ ھـ ه‬to s.o.
s.th.), bestow (‫ ھـ ه‬on s.o. s.th.), grant (‫ھـ ه‬
s.o. s.th.) IV to give as booty (‫ ھـ ه ه‬to s.o.
s.th.) VIII to take as (war) booty, capture (
‫ ھـ‬s.th.) │ ‫( اغتنم الفرصة‬furṣa) to seize, or
take, the opportunity, avail o.s. of the
opportunity X ‫استغنم الفرصة = اغتنم الفرصة‬
‫ غنم‬gunm spoils, booty, loot, prey; gain,
profit, advantage, benefit
‫ غنم‬ganam (coll.) pl. ‫ اغنام‬agnam sheep
(and goats), small cattle
‫ غنام‬gannām shepherd
‫ غنيمة‬ganīma pl. ‫ غنائم‬ganā’im2 spoils,
booty, loot, prey │ ‫ غنيمة‬easy prey; ‫راض‬
‫( من الغنيمة باإلياب‬rāḍin, iyāb) (content with
returning without booty, i.e.) glad to have
saved one's skin; ‫اقتنع من الغنيمة باإلياب‬
(iqtana‘a) to have to return empty-handed,
with nothing accomplished
‫ مغنم‬magnam pl. ‫ مغانم‬magānim2 spoils,
booty, loot, prey; gain, profit, advantage,
benefit
‫ غانم‬gānim successful │ ‫عاد سالما غانما‬
(sāliman gāniman) approx.: he returned
safe and sound
‫ غني‬ganiya a (ginan, ‫ غناء‬ganā’) to be free
from want, be rich, wealthy; not to need,
be able to spare (‫ عن‬s.o., s.th.), be able to
dispense (‫ عن‬with), manage, be able to do
(‫ عن‬without), have no need (‫ عن‬for), be in
no need (‫ عن‬of) II to sing (‫ ب‬or ‫ ھـ‬s.th., ‫ھـ ه‬
to s.o. s.th.), chant (‫ ب‬or. s.th.); to sing the
praises (‫ ب‬of s.o.), eulogize, extol (‫ ب‬s.o.)
IV to make free from want, make rich,
enrich (‫ ه‬s.o.); to suffice (‫ عن‬or , s.o. or for
s.o.), be sufficient, be enough, be
adequate, do (‫ عن‬or ‫ ه‬for s.o.), be of use,
be of help (‫ عن‬or ‫ ه‬to s.o.), avail, profit,
benefit, help (‫ عن‬or ‫ ه‬s.o.); to satisfy,
content (‫ عن‬s.o.); to be a substitute or set
off (‫ عن‬to s.o.), make dispensable or
superfluous (‫ عن‬for s.o. s.th.); to make up
(‫ عن‬for s.th.), be a substitute (‫ عن‬for s.th.);
to dispense, free, relieve (‫ عن ه‬s.o. of
s.th.), spare, save (‫ عن ه‬s.o. s.th.); to
protect, guard, help (‫ ھـ عن‬s.o. against) │
‫ ما اغنى )عنه( شيئا‬to be of no use, be of no
avail (to s.o.); ‫( ال يغني فتيال‬yugnī) it is of no
use at all (‫ عن‬to s.o.), it doesn’t help (‫عن‬
s.o.) a bit, it isn’t worth a farthing V to
sing, chant (‫ ب‬s.th.); to sing the praises (‫ه‬
or ‫ ب‬of s.o., of s.th.); to eulogize, praise,
extol (‫ ب‬s.o.) VIII to become rich, gain
riches (‫ ب‬by) X to become rich; not to
need, be able to spare (‫ عن‬s.o., s.th.), he
able to dispense (‫ عن‬with), manage, be
able to do (‫ عن‬without), have no need (‫عن‬
for), be in no need (‫ عن‬of); to get by, do,
manage, be satisfied (‫ ب‬with) │ ‫ال يستغنى‬
(yustagnā) indispensable
‫ غنى‬ginan wealth, affluence, riches │ ‫ال‬
‫ غنى عنه‬indispensable (‫ ل‬for); ‫ما له عنه غني‬
he cannot dispense with it, he cannot do
without it; ‫ ھو في غني عنه‬he can dispense
with it, he does not need it; ‫كان في غني عنه‬
to forgo, renounce s.th., dispense with
s.th., be in no need of s.th., not to need
s.th., need not do s.th.
 ‫ غني‬gunya, ginya: ‫ما له عنه غنية = ما له عنه‬
‫( غني‬ginan)
‫ غني‬ganīy pl. ‫ اغنياء‬agniyā’ rich (‫ ب‬in),
wealthy, prosperous, well-to-do │ ‫غني الحر‬
g. al-glarb war profiteer; ‫غني عن الحرب‬
(bayān) self-evident, self-explanatory; it is
self-evident, it goes without saying (‫ان‬
that) 686 ‫ غناء‬ganā’ wealth, affluence,
riches; sufficiency, adequacy; ability,
capability; use, avail, usefulness, utility (
‫ عن‬for) │ ‫( ال غناء فيه‬ganā’a) useless; it is
insufficient, inadequate, not enough, it is
no good, it is to little avail, it is of little
use; ‫( له غناء عنه‬ganā’un), ‫ ھو في غناء عنه‬he
can dispense with it, he does not need it
‫ غناء‬ginā’ singing, song
‫ غنائي‬ginā’ī singing-, song- (in
compounds), vocal │ ‫( حفلة غنائية‬ḥafla)
song recital, concert of vocal music
‫ غناء‬gannā’2 see ‫غن‬
‫ اغنية‬ugnīya (ignīya), ugniya (igniya) pl.
-āt, ‫ اغان‬agānin song, melody, tune, lay
‫ مغنى‬magnan pl. ‫ مغان‬magānin
habitation; (eg.) villa
‫ غانية‬gāniya pl. -āt, ‫ غوان‬gawānin pretty
girl, beautiful woman, belle, beauty
‫ مغن‬mugannin (male) singer, vocalist,
chanter
‫ مغنية‬muganniya (female) singer,
vocalist, songstress, chanteuse
2
‫ غيھب‬gaihab pl. ‫ غياھب‬gayāhib darkness, dark,
duskiness; gloom
‫ غوث‬IV to help, succor (‫ ه‬s.o.), go to the aid (‫ه‬
of s.o.) X to appeal for help (‫ ه‬or ‫ ب‬to
s.o., ‫ على‬against), seek the aid (‫ ه‬or ‫ ب‬of
s.o., ‫ على‬against); to call for help
‫ غوث‬gaut call for help; help, aid, succor
‫ غياث‬giyāt/ help. aid, succor
‫ اغاثة‬igāta/help, aid, succor │ ‫وكالة اغاثة‬
‫(>)الالجئين )التابعة لألمم المتحدة‬li-l-umami l-
muttaḥda) United Nations Relief and
Works Agency, UNRWA
‫ استغاثة‬istigāta appeal for aid; call for
help
‫ مغيث‬mugīt helper
‫ )غار )غور‬gāra u (gaur) to penetrate deeply (‫في‬
into); -- gāra u a (gaur) to fall in, link in,
become hollow (eyes, and the like); to
seep away. ooze away (water); to dry up
(spring) II to fall in, link in, become
hollow (eyes, and the like); to seep away,
ooze away (water) IV to travel in the
lowlands; to make a predatory incursion,
make a foray (‫ على‬into s.o.’s territory); to
raid, invade (‫ على‬a country); to attack (‫على‬
s.o., s.th.); to commit aggression (‫على‬
against a nation)
‫ غور‬gaur pl. ‫ اغوار‬agwār bottom;
declivity, depression; depth (also fig.);
‫ الغور‬designation of that part of the Syrian
Graben which constitutes the Jordan
valley │ ‫ بعيد الغور‬deep; profound,
unfathomable
‫ غار‬gar pl. ‫ اغوار‬agwār, ‫ غيران‬gīrān
cave, cavern; -- (coll.; n. un. ‫ )ة‬laurel tree,
bay
‫ غارة‬gara pl. -āt predatory incursion,
raid, invasion, inroad, foray; attack (‫على‬
on); a certain gait of camels │ ‫غارة جوية‬
(jawwīya) air raid; ‫ متوالية‬or ‫غارات متواصلة‬
(mutawāṣila, mutawāliya) rolling attacks,
attacks in waves; ‫( شن غارة على‬šanna) to
attack s.o. or s.th., launch an attack on
‫ مغار‬magār cave, cavern; grotto
‫ مغارة‬magāra pl. -āt, ‫ مغاور‬magāwir2,
‫ مغاير‬magāyir2 cave, cavern; grotto
‫ مغوار‬migwār pl. ‫ مغاوير‬magawīr2 fleet,
swift-running (horse); making raids or
attacks, raiding, aggressive; bold, daring,
audacious; pl. ‫ مغاوير‬commandos, shock
troops (Syr., mil.)
‫ اغارة‬igāra pl. -āt attack (‫ على‬on)
‫ غائر‬gā’ir low-lying; sunk, hollow (of
the eyes)
‫ مغير‬mugīr assailant, raider, aggressor
‫ غوريال‬gurillā gorilla
‫ غازي‬،‫ غاز‬look up alphabetically
‫( غويشة‬eg.) guwēša pl. -āt, ‫ غوايش‬gawāyiš2
glass bracelet, bangle
‫ )غاص )غوص‬gāṣa u (gauṣ, ‫ مغاص‬magāṣ, ‫غياص‬
giyāṣ, ‫ غياصة‬giyāṣa) to plunge (‫ في‬into),
become immersed, submerge (‫ في‬in), dive
(‫ في‬into; ‫ على‬for); to practice pearl-fishery
 II to make (‫ ه‬s.o.) dive (‫ في‬into), plunge,
immerse, submerse (‫ في ه‬s.o. in)
‫ غويص‬gawīṣ deep
‫ غواص‬gawwaṣ pl. -ūn diver; pearl diver
‫ غواصة‬gawwāṣa pl. -āt submarine
‫ مغاص‬magāṣ diving place │ ‫مغاص اللؤلؤ‬
m. al-lu’lu’ pearl diving, pearl-fishery
1
‫ غوط‬II to deepen, make deeper (‫ ھـ‬a well) V to
evacuate the bowels, relieve nature
‫ غوط‬gauṭ pl. ‫ غوط‬gūṭ, ‫ اغواط‬agwāṭ, ‫غياط‬
giyāṭ, ‫ غيطان‬gīṭān cavity, hollow,
depression
‫ الغوطة‬al-gūṭa name of the fertile oasis
on the south side of Damascus
‫ غويط‬gawīṭ deep
‫ غائط‬gā’iṭ human excrements, feces
2
‫ غوطى‬gūṭī Gothic
‫ غاغة‬gāga mob, rabble, riffraff; noise, clamor,
din, tumult ‫ غى‬II to hoist (‫ ھـ‬a flag)
‫ غوغاء‬gaugā’2 mob, rabble, riffraff;
noise, clamor, din, tumult
‫ )غال )غول‬gāla u (gaul) to take (away)
unawares, snatch, seize, grab (‫ ه‬،‫ ھـ‬s.o.,
s.th.); to destroy (‫ ه‬s.o.) VIII = I; to
assassinate, murder (‫ ه‬s.o.)
‫ غال‬gāl pl. -āt (syr.) padlock
‫ غول‬gūl usually fem., pl. ‫ اغوال‬agwāl,
‫ غيالن‬gīlān ghoul, a desert demon
appearing in ever varying shapes; demon,
jinni, goblin, sprite; ogre, cannibal;
calamity, disaster
‫ غيلة‬gīla assassination │ ‫قتله غيلة‬
(gīlatan) to assassinate s.o.
‫ اغتيال‬igtiyā1 pl. -āt murder(ing),
assassination
‫ غائلة‬gā’ila pl. ‫ غوائل‬gawā’il2 calamity,
disaster; ruin, havoc, danger
‫ غوى‬gawā i (‫ غي‬gayy, ‫ غواية‬gawāya) to stray
from the right way, go astray, err (in one’s
actions); to misguide, mislead, lead astray
(‫ ه‬s.o.), seduce, tempt, entice, lure, induce
(‫ ب ه‬s.o. to do s.th.); gawiya a to covet,
desire, like II to misguide, mislead, lead
astray, tempt, seduce, entice, lure, allure (‫ه‬
s.o.) IV = II X to misguide, mislead, lead
astray (‫ ه‬s.o.); to tempt, seduce, entice,
lure, bait, ensnare, beguile, win (‫ ب ه‬s.o.
with)
‫ غي‬gayy trespassing, transgression,
offense, error, sin; seduction, temptation,
enticement, allurement
‫ غية‬gayya, gīya pl. -āt error, sin; taste,
inclination, liking
‫ غواية‬gawāya error, sin; seduction,
temptation, enticement, allurement
‫ اغوية‬ugwiya pl. ‫ اغاوى‬agāwīy pitfall,
trap
‫ اغواء‬igwā’ seduction, temptation,
enticement, allurement
‫ غاو‬gāwin tempter, seducer, enticer,
allurer; (pl. ‫ غواة‬guwāh) amateur, fan,
lover, dilettante, dabbler
‫ مغواة‬mugawwāh pl. ‫مغويات‬
mugawwayāt pitfall, trap
‫ غاية‬gāya pl. -āt extreme limit; utmost
degree, the outmost, extremity; aim, goal,
end, objective, intention, intent, design,
purpose, destination (of a journey) │ ‫لغاية‬
(with foll. genit.) as far as, up to, to the
extent of, until, till; ‫ للغاية‬extremely, very
(much); ٦٨٨ ‫( كان غاية في الجمال‬gāyatan,
jamāl) to be of extraordinary beauty; ‫الغاية‬
‫( تبرر الواسطة‬tubarriru l-wāsitata) the end
justifies the means; ‫ انطلق لغايته‬to head or
set out for one’s destination
‫ غى‬and ‫ غية‬see ‫غوي‬
O ‫ غائية‬gā’īya finality (philos.)
‫ )غاب )غيب‬gāba i (gaib, ‫ غيبة‬gaiba, ‫غياب‬
giyāb, ‫ غيبوبة‬gaibūba, ‫ مغيب‬magīb) to be
or remain absent, be or stay away; to
absent o.s. withdraw (‫ عن‬from), leave (‫عن‬
s.o., s.th.); to vanish (‫ عن‬from s.o.’s sight,
from s.o., from s.th.); to disappear, be
swallowed up (‫ في‬in); to hide, be hidden,
be concealed (‫ عن‬from); -- (‫ مغيب‬magīb) to
set, go down (sun, and the like) │ ‫غاب‬
‫ الشيء عن باله‬the matter has slipped from
his memory, he has forgotten the matter;
‫( غاب عن صوابه‬ṣawābihī) to lose
consciousness, faint, swoon, become
unconscious; ‫ غاب عن الوجود‬do.; ‫ال تغيب عنه‬
‫( الشمس‬šamsu) it is not veiled in darkness
II to lead away, take away, carry away,
remove (‫ ه‬،‫ ھـ‬s.o., s.th.); to cause (‫ ه‬،‫ ھـ‬s.o.,
s.th.) to disappear; to hide, conceal (،‫عن ھـ‬
‫ ه‬s.o., s.th. from); to make (‫ ه‬s.o.) forget
everything, make (‫ ه‬s.o.) oblivious of
everything │ ‫ غيبه عن الوجود‬it drove him
out of his mind; ‫( غيبه الثرى‬tarā) the earth
covered, or buried, him V to be absent, be
away, stay away (‫ عن‬from s.o., from s.th.);
to be not present, be not there; to play
truant, play hooky (‫ عن‬from school) VIII
to slander, calumniate (‫ ه‬s.o.) X to use
s.o.’s (‫ )ه‬absence for maligning him,
backbite (‫ ه‬s.o.); to slander, calumniate (‫ه‬
s.o.)
‫ غيب‬gaib absence; hidden, concealed,
invisible; -- (pl. ‫ غيوب‬guyūb) that which is
hidden, the invisible; that which is
transcendental, the supernatural; divine
secret │ ‫ غيبا‬gaiban or ‫( عن ظھر الغيب‬ẓahri
l-g.) by heart, from memory; ‫عالم الغيوب‬
‘allām al-g. he who thoroughly knows the
invisible, or transcendental, things = God;
‫‘ عالم الغيب‬ālam al-g. the invisible world;
‫ بظھر الغيب‬bi-ẓahri l-g. behind s.o.’s back,
insidiously, treacherously; ‫نظر بعين الغيب الى‬
(bi-‘aini l-g.) to foresee, foreknow, divine
s.th.
‫ غيبي‬gaibī secret, hidden, invisible
‫ غابة‬gāba pl. -āt, ‫ غاب‬gāb (coll.) low
ground, depression, hollow; forest, wood,
copse, thicket; jungle; reed │ ‫الغاب الھندي‬
(hindī) bamboo
‫ غيبة‬gaiba absence; concealment,
invisibility
‫ غيبة‬gāba slander, calumniation,
calumny
‫ غياب‬giyāb absence, being away; setting
(of the sun)
‫ غيابي‬giyābī: ‫( حكم غيابي‬ḥukm) judgment
by default (jur.); ‫ غيابيا‬giyābīyan in
absence, in absentia (jur.)
‫ غيابة‬gayāba pl. -āt bottom, depth (of a
well, of a dungeon, of a ditch, and the
like)
‫ غيبوبة‬gaibūba swoon, faint,
unconsciousness; trance, daze, stupor
‫ مغيب‬magīb absence; setting (of the
sun)
‫ تغيب‬tagayyub absence, nonattendance,
being away, staying away, truancy
‫ اغتياب‬igtiyāb slander, calumniation,
defamation; gossip about (genit.)
‫ غائب‬gā’ib pl. -ūn, ‫ غيب‬guyyab, ‫غياب‬
guyyāb absent, not present, not there;
hidden, concealed, unseen, invisible; third
person (gram.)
‫ مغيبات‬mugayyibāt narcotics,
stupefacients, anesthetics
‫ مغيب‬mugayyab hidden, concealed,
invisible; pl. ‫ المغيبات‬al-mugayyabāt the
hidden, transcendental things, the divine
secrets 689
‫ مغيب‬mugib and ‫ مغيبة‬woman whose
husband is absent, grass widow
‫ متغيب‬mutagayyib absent (‫ عن‬from)
‫ مغتاب‬mugtāb slanderer, calumniator
‫ غيتو‬ghetto
‫ )غاث )غيث‬gaja i (gait) to water with rain (‫ھـ‬
s.th.), send rain (‫ ه‬,‫ ھـ‬upon s.o. upon s.th.,
of God)
‫ غيث‬gait pl. ‫ غيوث‬guyūt, ‫ اغياث‬agyāt
(abundant) rain
‫ غيد‬VI to walk with a graceful, swinging gait
‫ غيد‬gayad delicacy, slender shapeliness,
tenderness, softness (of a woman)
‫ غادة‬gāda pl. -āt young girl, young lady
‫ اغياد‬agyād2, ‫ غيداء‬gaidā’ 2, ‫ غيد‬gīd
young and delicate; ‫ الغيد‬the young ladies
‫ )غار )غير‬gāra a (‫ غيرة‬gaira) to be jealous (‫من‬
of); to display zeal, vie (‫ على‬for); to be
solicitous (‫ على‬about. for); to guard or
protect jealously (‫ على من‬s.o., s.th. from) II
to alter, modify, make different (‫ من‬or ‫ھـ‬
s.th.), change (‫ ھـ‬s.th.) III to be dissimilar,
be different, differ; to be in contrast (‫ ه‬,‫ھـ‬
to), be unlike s.o. or s.th. (‫ ه‬,‫ ;)ھـ‬to change
(‫ ھـ‬e.g., a garment); to interchange,
exchange (‫ بين‬between); to haggle,
bargain, chaffer (‫ ه‬with s.o.); to vie,
compete (‫ ه‬with s.o.) IV to make jealous (‫ه‬
s.o.) V to be altered, be modified, be
changed, change, alter, vary, undergo an
alteration or change VI to differ, be
different, be heterogeneous
 ‫ غير‬gair other than (with dependent
genit.), different from, unlike, no, not,
non-, un-, in-, dis-; (prep.) gaira except,
save, but │ ‫ الغير‬the others, fellow men,
neighbors; ‫ وغير ذلك‬،‫ وغيره‬and the like, and
so forth, and so on, et cetera; and others,
and other things, et alii, et alia; ‫ ال غير‬and
‫( ليس غير‬gairu) (and) that’s all, nothing
else, no more, nothing but, only, merely,
solely; ‫ غير ان‬gaira anna except that ...,
however, but, yet, ...though; ‫ غير واحد‬gaira
wāḥidin more than one, several; ‫غير مرة‬
gaira marratin, more than once, quite
often, frequently; ‫ بغير‬bi-gairi or ‫من غير‬
gairi without; (‫ ما( في غير‬fī gairi (mā)
without (generally followed
by abstract noun), ‫( في غير ترو‬tarawwin)
without thinking, unhesitatingly; ‫في غير ما‬
‫( تھيب‬tahayyubin) without fear; ‫على غير‬
‫( معرفة منه‬ma‘rifatin) or ‫من غير علم منه‬
(‘ilmin) without his knowing or having
known it, without his knowledge,
unwittingly
‫ غيري‬gairī altruist
‫ غيرية‬gairīya altruism
‫ غير‬giyar, ‫ غير الدھر‬g. ad-dahr
vicissitudes of fate
‫ غيرة‬gaira jealously; zeal, fervor,
earnest concern, vigilant care, solicitude (
‫ على‬for); sense of honor, self-respect
‫ غيور‬gayūr pl. ‫ غير‬guyur (very) jealous;
zealous, fervid, eager (‫ على‬in, in the
pursuit of), keen, eagerly intent (‫ على‬on),
earnestly concerned (‫ على‬with),
2
enthusiastic (‫ على‬for)
‫ غيران‬gairān2, f. ‫ غيرى‬gairā, pl. ‫غياري‬
gayāra = ‫غيور‬
‫ تغيير‬tagyīr pl. -āt changing, alteration,
modification, variation; change,
replacement, relief
‫ تغيير‬tagyīra pl. ‫تغايير‬tagāyīr2 exchange,
interchange, change, replacement; lending
of books and manuscripts sheet by sheet
(one malzama after the other; eg.)
‫ غيار‬giyār exchange, interchange,
change, replacement; (pl. -āt) dressing,
bandage (of a wound) │ ‫ قطع الغيار‬qiṭa‘ al-
g. spare parts
2
‫ تغير‬tagayyur pl. -āt alteration,
variation, change
‫ مغاير‬mugāyir: ‫ مغاير لآلداب‬indecent,
immoral
‫ متغير‬mutagayyir changeable, variable,
liable to change or alteration │ ‫تيار مغير‬
(tayyār) alternating current (el.)
(‫ غيض( غاض‬gāḍa i (gaiḍ, ‫ مغاض‬magāḍ)
to decrease, diminish, recede, become
less, dwindle away │ ‫( غاض لونه‬launuhū)
his face lost all color, he turned pale
‫ غيض‬gaiḍ prematurely born fetus
‫ غيضة‬gaiḍa pl. -āt, ‫ غياض‬giyāḍ, ‫اغياض‬
agyāḍ thicket, jungle
‫ غيط‬gaiṭ pl. ‫ غيطان‬gīṭān field
‫ )غاظ )غيط‬gāẓa i (gaiẓ) to anger, enrage,
infuriate, irritate, exasperate, vex, gall (‫ه‬
s.o.) II and IV = I; V to become
furious, become angry (‫ من‬with s.o., at
s.th.) VII and VIII = V
‫ غيظ‬gaiẓ wrath, anger, ire, exasperation,
fury, rage
‫ اغتياظ‬igtiyāẓ wrath, anger, ire,
exasperation, fury, rage
‫ منغاظ‬mungāẓ angry, irate, furious,
enraged
‫ مغتاظ‬mugtāẓ angry, irate, furious,
enraged
1
‫ غيل‬gīl pl. ‫ اغيال‬agyāl thicket
‫ غال‬gāl pl. -āt (syr.) padlock
‫ غيلة‬gīla and ‫ غيالن‬gīlān see ‫غول‬
‫ )غام )غيم‬gāma i (gaim) to become cloudy,
become overcast (sky); to become fogged,
become blurred II do.; to form clouds; to
billow, float, waft (smoke) IV agāma and
agyama = I
‫ غيم‬gaim (coll.; n. un. ‫ )ة‬pl. ‫ غيوم‬guyūm
‫ غيام‬giyām clouds; mist, fog
‫ غائم‬gā’im clouded, overcast; cloudy
‫ متغيم‬mutagayyim clouded, overcast
1
‫ غين‬gain pl. -āt, ‫ غيون‬guyūn, ‫ اغيان‬agyān name
of the letter ‫غ‬
‫ غينة‬gaina dimple on the cheek
‫ غيني‬gīnī: ‫( خنزير غيني‬kinzīr) guinea pig
 ‫ غينيا‬gīniya Guinea │ ‫ غينيا الجديدة‬Gīniyā ‫ فأس‬fa’s f., pl. ‫ فؤوس‬fu’ūs, ‫ افؤس‬af’us ax,
l-jadīda New Guinea hatchet; hoe
1
‫ غيھب‬see ‫غھب‬ ‫ فاس‬fās = ‫ فأس‬fa’s
2
‫ فاس‬fās2 Fez or Fès (city in Morocco)
‫ فاشستي‬fāšistī fascist(ic); a fascist
‫ فاشستية‬fāšistīya fascism
‫ف‬ ‫ فاشي‬fāšī fascist(ic); a fascist
1
‫ ف‬abbreviation of ‫ فدان‬faddān (a square ‫ فاشية‬fāšīya fascism
measure)
2 ‫ فاصوليا‬fāṣūliyā (eg.-syr.) common European
‫ ف‬fa (conj.) then, and then; and so, thus, bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.; bot.)
hence, therefore; but then, then however;
for, because; (with subjective:) so that │ ‫ فأفأ‬fa’fa’a to stammer, stutter
‫( يوما فيوما‬yauman) day after day, day by ‫( فاكون‬Fr. wagon) fākōn pl. ‫ فواكين‬fawākīn2
day; ‫( شيئا فشيئا‬šai’an) gradually, step by (railroad) car, coach
step; ‫( امر فقتلوه‬fa-qatalūhu) he ordered him
to be killed ‫ فأل‬VI to regard as a good omen, as an
auspicious beginning (‫ ب‬s.th.); to be
‫ فان‬fa-inna (with foll. suffix or noun in optimistic
acc.) for, because
‫ فأل‬fa’l pl. ‫ فؤول‬fu’ūl, ‫ افؤل‬af’ul good
‫ فاء‬name of the letter ‫ف‬ omen, favorable auspice; optimistic
‫ فابريقة‬fābrīqa and ‫ فابريكة‬pl. -āt, ‫ فبارك‬fabārik2 outlook, hope; omen, auspice, sign │ ‫قرأ‬
factory, plant ‫ الفأل‬to tell fortunes, predict the future
‫ فأت‬VIII to tell lies (‫ على‬about); to take violent ‫ تفاؤل‬tafā’ul optimism
measures (‫ على‬against); to violate (‫ على‬a ‫ متفائل‬mutafā’il optimistic; optimist
duty, etc.); pass. ‫ افتئت‬uftu’ita to 691 die
suddenly │ ‫( افتأت برئيه‬bi-ra’yihī) to act on ‫( فالس‬Fr. valse) vals waltz
one’s own judgment ‫ فالوذج‬fālūdaj a sweet made of flour and honey
‫ افتآت‬ifti’āt oppression, violence ‫ فالوذجى‬fālūdajī soft and flabby, like
‫( فاتورة‬It. fattura) fātūra pl. ‫ فواتير‬fawātīr 2 fālūdaj
invoice, bill ‫ فئام‬fi’ām group (of people)
‫ الفاتيكان‬al-fātīkān, al-vatikān the Vatican ‫ فإن‬fa-inna see 2‫ ف‬fa
‫ فؤاد‬fu’ād pl. ‫ افئدة‬af’ida heart ‫ فانلة‬fanella and ‫ فانال‬pl. -āt flannel; undershirt;
‫ فؤادية‬fu’ādīya “Fuad cap”, summer pl. ‫ فانالت‬fanellāt underwear,
field-cup of the Egyptian Air Force (1939) underclothing
‫ فأر‬fa’r (coll.; n. un. ‫ )ة‬pl. ‫ فئران‬fi’rān mouse; ‫ فانوس‬fānūs pl. ‫ فوانيس‬fawānīs2 lantern │ ‫فانوس‬
rat ‫( سحري‬siḥrī) laterna magica, magic
lantern; (slide) projector
‫ فار‬fār (coll.; n. un. ‫ )ة‬pl. ‫ فيران‬fīrān mouse; rat
‫ فئة‬fi’a pl. -āt group, class; troop, band, party;
‫ فارة‬fāra (= ‫ فأرة‬fa’ra) mouse; (pl. -āt) platoon (of light arms; Syr., mil.); rate (of
plane (tool) taxation), (tax) bracket; tax, rate, fee;
‫ فارس‬fāris2 Persia, also ‫بالد فارس‬ price
‫ فارسي‬fārisī Persian; a Persian ‫ فاوريقة‬fāwarīqa pl. ‫ فوارق‬fawārīq2 factory plant
‫ فاروز‬fārūz turquoise □ ‫ فايظ‬fāyiẓ (=‫ )فائض‬see ‫فيظ‬
‫ فازلين‬fazlīn, vazlīn vazeline ‫ فبراير‬fabrāyir February
‫ فبارك‬fabārik2 (pl.) factories, plants
‫ فت‬fatta u (fatt) to weaken, undermine, sap (‫في‬
s.th.) │ ‫ في ساعده‬or ‫‘( فت في عضده‬aḍudihī)
to weaken s.o., sap s.o.’s strength,
discourage, enervate s.o. II to crumble,
fritter (‫ ھـ‬s.th.); to divide into small
fragments (‫ ھـ‬s.th.) │ ‫)يفتت القلب )األكباد‬
(qalba) heartbreaking, heart-rending V to
crumble, disintegrate, break up into
fragments VII = V 692
‫ فتة‬fatta a kind of bread soup
‫ فتات‬futāt crumbs, morsels
‫ فتيت‬fatīt crumbs, crumbled bread
‫ فتيتة‬fatīta a kind of bread soup
‫ فتأ‬fata’a a and ‫ فتئ‬fati’a a (with negation) not
to cease, to be (‫ ھـ‬s.th.); ‫ فتئ‬fati’a a (‫فتء‬
fat’) to desist, refrain (‫ عن‬from), cease (‫عن‬
doing s.th.), stop (‫ عن‬s.th., doing s.th.) │ ‫ما‬
‫ فتئ يفعل‬not to cease doing, do incessantly
‫ فتح‬fataḥa a (fatḥ) to open (‫ ھـ‬s.th.); to
turn on (‫ ھـ‬a faucet); to switch on, turn on
(‫ ھـ‬an apparatus); to dig (‫ ھـ‬a canal); to
build (‫ ھـ‬a road) ; to open, preface,
introduce, begin (‫ ھـ‬s.th.); to conquer,
capture (‫ ھـ‬s.th.); to reveal, disclose (‫ھـ على‬
to s.o. s.th.); to grant victory or success (‫ھـ‬
‫ على‬to s.o. over or in s.th.; of God), give
into s.o.’s (‫ )على‬power (‫ ھـ‬s.th.; of God); to
open the gates (of profit) (‫ على‬to s.o.; of
God); to infuse, imbue, inspire, endow (‫ب‬
or ‫ ھـ على‬s.o. with; of God); (gram.) to
pronounce with the vowel a (‫ ھـ‬a
consonant) │ ‫( فتح البخت‬bakta) to tell
fortunes; ‫‘( فتح عينيه على آخرھما‬ainaihi) to
open one’s eyes wide, stare wide-eyed; ‫فتح‬
‫( الشھية‬šahīyata) to stimulate the appetite II
to open (‫ ھـ‬s.th.); (of a dower) to open III
to address first (‫ ه‬s.o.), speak first (‫ ه‬to
s.o.); to open the conversation or talk (‫في ه‬
with s.o. about); to disclose (‫ ھـ‬or ‫ ب ه‬to
s.o. s.th.), let s.o. (‫ )ه‬in on s.th. (‫ ھـ‬or ‫ )ب‬V
to open, open up, unfold (intr.); to be
opened (‫ عن‬so that s.th. becomes
perceptible); to be open, be responsive
(heart) VII to open, open up, unfold
(intr.); to be opened VIII to open,
inaugurate (‫ ھـ‬s.th.); to introduce, preface,
begin (‫ ب ه‬s.th. with); to conquer, capture
(‫ ھـ‬s.th.) X to begin, start, commence (‫ھـ‬
s.th.); to seek the assistance of God (‫على‬
against), implore God for victory (‫على‬
over)
‫ فتح‬opening; introduction,
commencement, beginning │ ‫فتح االعتماد‬
opening of a credit, presentation of a letter
of credit; -- (pl. ‫ فتوح‬futūḥ, ‫ فتوحات‬futūḥāt)
conquest; victory, triumph; pl. ‫فتوحات‬
alms; donations, contributions (for a
zāwiya; Tun.)
‫ فتحة‬the vowel point a (gram.)
‫ فتحة‬futḥa pl. ‫ فتح‬futaḥ, -āt opening,
aperture, breach, gap, hole; sluice
‫ فتاح‬fattāḥ opener (of the gates of profit,
of sustenance; one of the attributes of
God)
‫ فتاحة‬fattāḥa pl. -āt can opener
‫ مفتاح‬miftāḥ pl. ‫ مفاتيح‬mafātīḥ2 key (to a
door, of a keyboard, esp. that of a piano);
switch (el., railroad); lever, pedal (of a
vehicle); knob (on a radio); stop (of a
wind instrument); valve (of a trumpet);
peg, pin (of a stringed instrument)
‫ مفتاحجي‬miftāḥjī (railroad) switchman
‫ مفاتحة‬mufātaḥa opening of a
conversation
‫ افتتاح‬iftitāḥ opening, inauguration;
introduction, beginning │ ‫ ليلة االفتتاح‬lailat
al-ift. première, opening night
‫ افتتاحي‬iftitāḥī opening, introductory,
preliminary, prefatory, proemial;
inaugurational │ ‫( مبلغ افتتاحي‬mablag)
opening bid, lowest bid (at auctions); ‫فصل‬
‫( )مقال( افتتاحي‬faṣl, maqāl) and ‫مقالة افتتاحية‬
(maqāla) editorial, leading article, leader; ‫ل‬
‫( يلة افتتاحية‬laila) première, opening night
‫ استفتاحية‬iftiftāḥīya editorial, leading
article, leader; overture (mus.)
‫ استفتاح‬istiftāḥ start, beginning,
commencement, inception, incipience;
earnest money, handsel
‫ فاتح‬fātiḥ opener; beginner; conqueror,
victor; light (color) │ ‫ فاتح البخت‬f. al-bakt
fortuneteller; ‫ ارزق فاتح‬light-blue 693
‫ فاتحة‬fātiḥa pl. ‫ فواتح‬fawātiḥ2 start,
opening, beginning, commencement,
inception, incipience; introduction,
preface, preamble, proem │ ‫ الفاتحة‬or ‫فاتحة‬
‫ الكتاب‬name of the first sura
 ‫ مفتوح‬maftūḥ opened, open │ ‫الباب مفتوح‬
‫( على مصراعيه‬miṣrā‘aihi) the door is wide
open
‫ مفتح‬mufattaḥ appetizing; (pl. -āt)
aperitif
‫ مفتتح‬muftataḥ start, beginning,
commencement, inception, opening,
inauguration
2 examination, scrutiny, searching, search;
‫ فتر‬fatara u (‫ فتور‬futūr) to abate, subside; to
become listless, become languid, languish,
flag, slacken; to cool off, become tepid,
become lukewarm (water); to slacken,
flag, become lax, become remiss, let up (
‫ عن‬in) II to cause (‫ ھـ‬s.th.) to subside,
abate, allay, mitigate, ease, soothe (‫ھـ‬
s.th.); to make languid, make listless,
exhaust, slacken. weaken, sap, enfeeble (
‫ ه‬،‫ ھـ‬s.o., s.th.); to make tepid (‫ ھـ‬water) IV
to make languid, make listless, exhaust,
Blacken, weaken, sap, enfeeble (‫ ه‬،‫ ھـ‬s.o.,
s.th.) V to become listless, become
languid, languish, flag, slacken; to become
tepid, become lukewarm (water)
‫ فتر‬fitr pl. ‫ افتار‬aftār small span (the
space between the end of the thumb and
the end of the index finger when
extended); corner
‫ فترة‬fatra lassitude, languor,
listlessness, slackness, weakness,
feebleness, debility; tepidity, indifference,
coolness (of a feeling); -- (pl. fatarāt)
interval of time, intermission, pause;
period, spell, while │ ‫ فترة االنتقال‬transition
period; ‫( بين فترة واخرى‬wa-ukrā) now and
then, from time to time; ‫ في الفترة بعد الفترة‬at
certain intervals, now and then, off and
on, once in a while
‫ فتور‬futūr lassitude, languor,
listlessness, slackness, laxity, slackening,
flagging; tepidity
‫ فاتر‬fātir languid, weak, feeble, listless,
slack, loose, flabby; dull, listsless,
stagnant (stock exchange); tepid,
lukewarm
‫ متفتر‬mutafattir intermittent
2
‫ فاتورة‬pl. ‫ فواتر‬look up alphabetically
‫ فتش‬II to examine (thoroughly), scrutinize,
search, investigate, explore (‫ ھـ‬s.th.); to
look, search (‫ ھـ‬into s.th.); to inquire (‫عن‬
about, after), look, search (‫ عن‬for); to
supervise, superintend, control, inspect (
‫ على‬or ‫ ه‬،‫ ھـ‬s.o., s.th.); to be in charge,
exercise supervision, control, or
inspection (‫ على‬of)
‫ فتاش‬fattāš thorough examiner,
investigator, explorer, researcher
‫ تفتيش‬taftīš pl. ‫ تفاتيش‬tafātīš2
investigation; inquiry, research,
exploration; supervision, superintendence,
control, charge; inspection; survey,
review; controlling body, board of control;
inquisition; circle of irrigation, irrigation
district, also ‫ تفتيش الري‬t. ar-rīy (Eg.) │
‫( تفتيش جوي‬jawwī) aerial inspection
‫ تفتيشي‬taftīšī išnvestigational,
investigatory, examining, examinatory
‫ مفتش‬mufattiš inspector, supervisor │
‫( مفتش بيطري‬baiṭarī) veterinary inspector
(Eg.); ‫ مفتش الري‬m. ar-rīy irrigation
inspector (Eg.)
‫ مفتشية‬mufattišīya inspectorate
‫ فتفت‬fatfata to speak secretly (‫ الى‬to); to fritter,
crumble (‫ ھـ‬s.th., esp. bread)
‫ فتفوتة‬fatfūta pl. ‫ فتافيت‬fatāfīt2 crumb,
morsel (esp. of bread)
‫ فتق‬fataqa u (fatq) to undo the sewing (
‫ ھـ‬of s.th., e.g., of a garment), unsew,
unstitch, rip, rip open, tear apart, rend,
slash, slit 694 open (‫ ھـ‬s.th.), │ ‫فتق الذھن‬
(dihna) to make s.o. see his way clear,
cause s.o. to see things in their true light;
‫( الضرورة تفتق الحيلة‬ḥīlata) necessity is the
mother of invention; ‫ فتقت له حيلة‬futiqat
lahū ḥīlatun a ruse came to his mind II to
unsew, unstitch, rip, tear, etc. (= I; ‫ ھـ‬s.th.)
V to be unsewn, be unstitched (e.g., a
garment), be ripped open, be torn apart, be
rent, be slashed, be slit open; to bring
forth, produce (‫ عن‬s.th.); to hatch,
contrive, devise (‫ عن‬s.th., fig., of the
mind) VII to be unsewn, be unstitched
(e.g., a garment), be ripped open, be torn
apart, be rent, be slashed, be slit open; to
bring forth, produce (‫ عن‬s.th.)
‫ فتق‬fatq pl. ‫ فتوق‬futūq rip, rent, tear,
cleft, crack, fissure, slit, slash; hole (e.g.,
in a stocking); hernia, rupture (med.) │
 ‫( مصاب بالفتق‬muṣāb) afflicted with hernia;
person suffering from hernia
‫ فتاق‬fitāq hernia, rupture (med.)
‫ فتن‬falana i (fatn, ‫ فتون‬futūn) to turn away (‫من ه‬
‫ فتيق‬fatīq unstitched, ripped, ripped
open, slit, rent, torn; sharp
‫ مفتوق‬maftūq unstitched, ripped, ripped
open, slit, rent, torn; afflicted with hernia
‫ فتك‬fataka u i (fatk) to assassinate, murder,
slay, kill (‫ ب‬s.o.), destroy, annihilate (‫ب‬
s.th.); to attack suddenly, assault (‫ ب‬s.o.)
│ ‫( فتك به فتكا ذريعا‬fatkan darī‘an) to cut off,
destroy, wipe out, eradicate, extirpate,
exterminate s.o.; to decimate, thin the
ranka of ... (esp., said of a disease)
‫ فتك‬fatk assassination, murder;
destruction, annihilation
‫ فتكة‬fatka pl. -āt devastation, ravage,
havoc
‫ فتاك‬fattāk deadly, lethal, murderous; of
disastrous effect, wreaking havoc (‫ ب‬on)
‫ افتك‬aftak2 deadlier, more destructive
‫ فاتك‬fātik pl. ‫ فتاك‬futtāk assassin,
murderer, killer
‫ فتل‬fatala i (fatl) to twist together, twine,
entwine, plait, throw (‫ ھـ‬s.th.); to spin (‫ھـ‬
s.th.) II to twist, twine, wreathe, wind,
weave, plait (‫ ھـ‬s.th.); to splice (‫ ھـ‬a rope)
V to be twisted, be twined, be plaited, be
woven, be wound VII = V; to turn on
one’s heel and leave, turn away (‫ من‬from)
│ ‫ انفتل من الباب‬to slip out the door
‫ فتلة‬fatla (n. vic.) twist(ing), twining,
plaiting; (eg.; pl. ‫ فتل‬fital) thread │ ‫شمع‬
‫( الفتلة‬šlammā‘a) to make off, make a
getaway, beat it
‫ فتيل‬fatīl twisted, twined, entwined,
plaited, wreathed, wound, woven, coiled;
-- (pl. -āt, ‫ فتائل‬fatā’il) wick; gauze
tampon; fuse, slow match, match cord │ ‫ال‬
‫( يغني فتيال‬yugnī) it is of no use at all (‫ من‬to
s.o.), it won’t help him (‫ )عنه‬a bit, it isn’t
worth a farthing; ‫( ال يجدي فتيال‬yujdī) = ‫ال‬
‫يغني فتيال‬
‫ فتيلة‬fatīla pl. -āt, ‫ فتائل‬fatā’il2 wick; O
filament of a light bulb
‫ فتال‬fattāl ropemaker, cordmaker
‫ مفتول‬maftūl strapping, sturdy, husky;
(watch) tower (Nejd) │ ‫مفتول الساعد‬
muscular, brawny, strong, husky, burly
s.o. from); to subject to temptations or
trials, seduce, tempt, entice, allure, beguile
(‫ ه‬s.o.); to enamor, charm, enchant,
captivate, enthrall, enrapture, fascinate,
infatuate (. s.o.); -- fatana i (fatn) to
torture, torment (‫ ه‬s.o.); to denounce (‫على‬
s.o.), inform (‫ على على‬against s.o.); pass.
futina to be charmed, be enraptured, be
infatuated (‫ ب‬by), be enamored (‫ ب‬of), be
in love (‫ ب‬with); to be crazy (‫ ب‬over), be
like mad (٦٩٥ ‫ ب‬after) IV to enamor,
charm, enchant, captivate, enthrall,
enrapture, fascinate, infatuate (‫ ه‬s.o.) VIII
to subject to temptations (‫ ه‬s.o.); to be
charmed, be tempted, be infatuated; act.
iftatana and pass. uftutina: to be subjected
to temptations, be lead from the right
course; pass. uftutina = futina
‫ فتنة‬fitna pl. ‫ فتن‬fitan temptation, trial;
charm, charmingness, attractiveness;
enchantment, captivation, fascination,
enticement, temptation; infatuation;
intrigue; sedition, riot, discord, dissension,
civil strife
‫ فتان‬fattān fascinating, captivating,
enchanting, charming; tempter, seducer;
denunciator, informer, slanderer
;jil alu.,,· more charming, more
attractive, more delightful
‫ مفاتن‬mafātin2 charming qualities;
charms; magic powers
‫ فاتن‬fātin pl. ‫ فواتن‬fawātin2 tempting,
alluring, seductive, fascinating,
captivating, enchanting, charming;
tempter, seducer
‫ مفتون‬maftūn fascinated, captivated,
infatuated, enraptured, charmed (‫ ب‬by);
enamored (‫ ب‬of), in love (‫ ب‬with);
madman, maniac
(‫ فتو‬and ‫ فتي( فتى‬fatiya a (‫ فتاء‬fatā’) to be
youthful, young, adolescent IV to give a
formal legal opinion (‫ في ه‬to s.o. in or
regarding; Isl. Law); to furnish (‫ ه‬s.o.)
with information (‫ في‬about), expound, set
forth (‫ في ه‬to s.o. s.th.); to deliver an
opinion (‫ في‬about), decide by a legal
 opinion (‫ ب‬for or in favor of s.th.), state as
a (legal) opinion (‫ بان‬that) X to ask (‫ ه‬s.o.)
for a formal legal opinion (‫ في‬in or
regarding; Isl. Law); to ask (‫ ه‬s.o.) for a
formal opinion (‫ في‬about), request
information (‫ في ه‬of s.o. about), seek s.o.’s
(‫ )ه‬counsel (‫ في‬in, about), consult (‫ في ه‬s.o.
in, about), ask s.o.’s (‫ )ه‬opinion (‫ في‬about)
‫ فتى‬fatan pl. ‫ فتيان‬futyān, ‫ فتية‬fitya youth,
adolescent, juvenile, young man; slave;
hero; pl. young people, adolescents,
juveniles
‫ فتاة‬fatāh pl. ‫ فتيات‬fatayāt young woman,
(young) girl
‫ فتاء‬fatā’ youth, adolescence
‫ فتي‬fatīy youthful, juvenile, adolescent,
young
‫ فتية‬fatīya youthfulness, juvenility
‫ فتوى‬fatwā pl. ‫ فتاو‬fatāwin, ‫ فتاوى‬fatāwā
futwa, formal legal opinion (Isl. Law)
‫ فتيا‬futyā formal legal opinion (Isl. Law)
‫ فتوة‬futūwa youth, adolescence; the
totality of the noble, chivalrous qualities
of a man, noble manliness, magnanimity,
generosity, nobleheartedness, chivalry;
designation of Islamic brotherhoods of the
Middle Ages, governed by chivalrous
precepts; name of several youth
organizations in Arabic countries; (eg.; pl.
-āt) bully, brawler. rowdy, tough;
racketeer (eg.)
‫ افتاء‬iftā’ deliverance of formal legal
opinions (Isl. Law); office of mufti (Isl.
Law); deliverance of formal opinions,
advising, advice, counseling
‫ استفتاء‬istiftā’ request for a formal legal
opinion (Isl. Law); consulting,
consultation; referendum, plebiscite, also
‫ استفتاء الشعب‬ist. aš-ša‘b and ‫استفتاء شعبي‬
(ša‘bī)
‫ مفت‬muftin pl. ·fl" deliverer of formal
legal oplnions (Isl. Law); official
expounder of Islamic law, mufti │ ‫مفتي‬
‫( الديار المصرية‬miṣrīya) Grand Mufti of
Egypt; ‫ سماحة المفتي‬samāḥat al-m. (title of a
mufti) His Eminence the Mufti
‫ فثأ‬fata’a a (‫ فثء‬fat’) to quench, still (‫ ھـ‬s.th.,
hunger, thirst, also fig.) 696
‫ فج‬fajja u (fajj): ‫( فج رجليه‬rijlaihi) to straddle IV
to stride, hurry
‫ فج‬fajj pl. ‫ فجاج‬fijāj way, road between
two mountains │ ‫ من كل فج عميق‬or ‫من كل فج‬
‫( وصوب‬wa-ṣaubin) from all sides, from all
directions, from everywhere
‫ فج‬fijj unripe, green (fruit); blunt, rude
(speech)
‫ فجأ‬faja’a and ‫ فجئ‬faji’a a (‫ فجء‬faj’, ‫ فجأة‬faj’a,
‫ فجاءة‬fujā’a) and III to come suddenly,
descend unexpectedly (‫ ه‬upon s.o.),
confront (‫ ه‬s.o.) suddenly or unexpectedly,
take (‫ ه‬s.o.) by surprise, surprise (‫ ب ه‬s.o.
with), attack, assail (‫ ه‬s.o.)
‫ فجأة‬faj’atan suddenly, unexpectedly,
inadvertently, unawares
‫ فجاءة‬fujā’atan suddenly, unexpectedly,
inadvertently, unawares
‫ فجائي‬fujā’ī sudden, unexpected,
surprising
‫ مفاجأة‬mufāja’a pl. ‫ مفاجآت‬mufāja’āt
surprise
‫ فاجئ‬fāji’ sudden, unexpected,
surprising
‫ مفاجئ‬mufāji’ sudden, unexpected,
surprising; pl. ‫ مفاجئات‬surprising events,
surprises
‫ فجر‬fajara u (fajr) to cleave, break up, dig up (
‫ ھـ‬e.g., the ground); -- (‫ فجور‬fujūr) to act
immorally, sin, live licentiously, lead a
dissolute life, indulge in debauchery; to
commit adultery II to create an outlet or
passage (‫ ھـ‬for water, and the like), let (‫ھـ‬
water, and the like) flow or pour forth; to
split, cleave (‫ ھـ‬s.th.); to explode (‫ ھـ‬s.th.)
IV to commit adultery V to gush out, spurt
forth, break forth, break out, erupt, burst
out VII = V; to go off, discharge, burst; to
burst forth; to explode, detonate; to
overflow (‫ ب‬with); to descend suddenly,
break in, rush in, swoop down (‫ على‬upon)
‫ فجر‬fajr dawn, daybreak, morning
twilight; dawn (fig.), beginning, outset,
start; (f.) morning prayer (Isl. Law)
‫ فجور‬fujūr immorality, iniquity,
depravation, dissolution, debauchery,
licentiousness, profligacy, dissolute life,
fornication, whoredom
 ‫ تفجر‬tafajjur outbreak, outburst,
eruption
‫ انفجار‬infijār pl. -āt outbreak, outburst,
eruption; explosion, detonation │ ‫مواد‬
‫ االنفجار‬mawādd al-inf. explosives
‫ انفجاري‬infijārī explosive, blasting (adj.)
‫ فاجر‬fājir pl. ‫ فجار‬fujjār, ‫ فجرة‬fajara
libertine, profligate, debauchee, roué,
rake; adulterer; liar; insolent, impudent,
‫ فحش‬faḥuša u (fuḥš) to be monstrous; to be
shameless, brazen
‫ فاجرة‬fājira pl. ‫ فواجر‬fawājir2 adulteress;
whore, harlot
‫ متفجر‬mutafajjir explosive, blasting
(adj.)
‫ منفجر‬munfajir explosive, blasting (adj.)
‫ فجع‬faja‘a a (faj‘) to inflict suffering
and grief (‫ ه‬upon s.o.), afflict, distress (‫ه‬
s.o.); to make miserable (‫ ه‬s.o., ‫ ب‬by
bereaving him of s.o.) │ ‫ فجع بولده‬fuji‘a bi-
waladihī he was stricken by the death of
his eon II to torment, torture, distress,
grieve (‫ ه‬،‫ ھـ‬s.o., s.th.) V to be or become
painfully affected, be mentally distressed
‫ فجعة‬faj‘a gluttony
‫ فجاعة‬fajā‘a gluttony
‫ فجوع‬fajū‘ painful, grievous, trying,
distressing
‫ فجيعة‬fajī‘a pl. ‫ فجائع‬fajā’i‘2 misfortune,
calamity, disaster 697
‫ فجعان‬faj‘ān voracious, insatiable;
glutton, ravenous eater
‫ تفجع‬tafajju‘ agony, mental distress,
affliction, suffering, grief
‫ فاجع‬fāji‘ painful, grievous, trying,
distressing
‫ فاجعة‬fāji‘a pl. ‫ فواجع‬fawāji‘ misfortune,
diluter, calamity; catastrophe; drama,
tragedy
‫ مفجعات‬mufajji‘āt horrors, terrors
‫ تفجعن‬tafaj‘ana to eat greedily, ravenously, be
gluttonous
‫ فجعنة‬faj‘ana gluttony
‫ فجفج‬fajfaja garrulous, loquacious; thoughtless
chatterer, windbag; braggart, boaster,
swaggerer
‫ فجل‬fujl (coll.; n. un. ‫ )ة‬pl. ‫ فجول‬fujūl radish
(Raphanus sativus L.; bot.)
‫ )فجا )فجو‬fajā u (fajw) to open (‫ ھـ ه‬door)
‫ فجوة‬fajwa pl. fajawāt, ‫ فجاء‬fijā’
opening, aperture, breach, gap, interstice;
(horisontal) tombstone
‫ فح‬faḥḥa u i (faḥḥ, ‫ فحيح‬faḥīḥ) to hiss (snake),
whistle (storm)
excessive, exorbitant; to be detestable,
abominable, atrocious, obscene, indecent,
foul, shameless, impudent IV to use
obscene language; to commit atrocities VI
= I and IV
‫ فحش‬fuḥš monstrosity; abominableness,
atrocity; obscenity, indecency; obscene
language
‫ فحشاء‬faḥšā’2 monstrosity, abomination,
atrocity, vile deed, crime; adultery,
fornication, whoredom
‫ فحاش‬faḥḥāš obscene, lewd, shameless
in speech or action │ ‫تأليف فحاش‬
pornography
‫ تفاحش‬tafāḥuš monstrosity,
abominableness
‫ فاحش‬fāḥiš monstrous; immoderate,
excessive, exorbitant, absurd,
preposterous, nonsensical; detestable,
loathsome, abominable, atrocious,
repugnant, disgusting; dirty, foul, vile,
indecent, obscene; shameless, impudent
‫ فاحشة‬fāḥiša harlot, whore, prostitute; --
(pl. ‫ فواحش‬fawāḥiš2) monstrosity,
abomination, atrocity, vile deed, crime;
adultery, fornication, whoredom
‫ مفحشة‬mufḥiša harlot, whore
‫ فحص‬faḥaṣa a (faḥṣ) to scratch up (‫ھـ‬
the ground); to examine (‫ ه‬s.o., also
medically, ‫ ھـ‬s.th.), test (‫ ه‬،‫ ھـ‬s.o., s.th.),
investigate (‫ ھـ‬s.th.), scrutinize (‫ھـ‬, s.o.,
s.th.); to search (‫ عن‬for), inquire (‫عن‬
about, into s.th.), seek information (‫عن‬
about) V to search (‫ عن‬for), inquire (‫عن‬
about, into s.th.), seek information (‫عن‬
about); to examine (‫ ھـ‬s.th., ‫ ه‬s.o.,
medically)
‫ فحص‬faḥš pl. ‫ فحوص‬fuḥūš test;
examination (in general, school, medical);
 (medical) checkup; investigation, scrutiny;
search, inquiry
‫ افحوص‬ufḥūṣ pl. ‫ افاحيص‬afāḥīṣ2 dugout
hollow in the ground in which a bird lays
ito eggs, nesting place, breeding place
‫ فحل‬X to become dreadful, terrible,
momentous, serious, difficult (‫ على‬for s.o.;
affair), to get out of control, become
excessive, become irreparable (damage)
‫ فحل‬faḥl pl. ‫ فحول‬fuḥūl, ‫ فحولة‬fuḥūla
male (of large animals), stallion;
outstanding personality, luminary, star,
698 master; a paragon (of) │ ‫الشعراء الفحول‬
(šu‘arā’) the master poets
‫ فحولة‬fuḥūla excellence, perfection
‫ استفحال‬istifḥāl dreadfulness,
terribleness, gravity, seriousness;
difficulty
‫ مستفحل‬mustafḥil dreadful, terrible;
grave, serious; difficult; overwhelming,
overpowerful, rampant, spreading
dangerously
‫ فحم‬faḥuma u (‫ فحوم‬fuḥūm, ‫فحومة‬
fuḥūma) to be or become black; -- faḥama
a (faḥm) to be dumfounded, nonplused,
unable to answer II to blacken (with
charcoal), make black (‫ ه‬،‫ ھـ‬s.o. s.th.); to
char, carbonize, reduce to charcoal (‫ھـ‬
s.th.) IV to dumfound, nonplus, strike
dumb (‫ ه‬s.o.); to silence (‫ ه‬s.o.) with
arguments; to put (‫ ه‬s.o.) off brusquely,
give s.o. (‫ )ه‬the brush-off
‫ فحم‬faḥm (coll.; n. un. ‫ )ة‬charcoal(s);
coal(s); pl. ‫ فحومات‬fuḥūmāt coals, brands
of coal │ ‫( فحم حجري‬ḥajarī) soft coal,
bituminous coal; ‫ فحم حطب‬ḥaṭab charcoal;
‫ فحم قوالب‬briquettes; ‫( فحم كوك‬kōk) coke
‫ فحمة‬faḥma pl. faḥamāt lump of coal │
‫ فحمة الليل‬f. al-lail deep-black night; -- (pl.
‫ فحام‬fiḥām, ‫ فحوم‬fuḥūm) blackness
‫ فحمي‬faḥmī black, coal-black
‫ فحيم‬faḥīm black
‫ فحام‬faḥḥām coal merchant, coal dealer;
collier, miner
‫ فاحم‬fāḥim black │ ‫ اسود فاحم‬aswad or
‫ فاحم السواد‬f. as-sawād coal, black, pitch,
black, jet-black
‫ فحوى‬faḥwā or ‫ فحواه‬faḥwā2 sense, meaning,
signification, import; purport, tenor (of a
letter, of a speech, etc.)
‫ فخ‬fakk pl. ‫ فخاخ‬fakkāk, ‫ فخوخ‬fukūk: trap, snare
‫ فخت‬fakata a (fakt) to perforate, pierce (‫ ھـ‬s.th.)
‫ فخذ‬fakid, fakd, fikd f., pl. ‫ افخاذ‬afkād thigh; leg
(of mutton, etc.); (m.) subdivision of a
tribe
‫ فخذة‬fakda leg (of mutton, etc.)
‫ فخذي‬fakidī, fakdī femoral
‫ فخر‬fakara a (fakr, fakar, ‫ فخار‬fakār) to glory (
‫ ب‬in), boast (‫ ب‬of s.th.), brag (‫ ب‬of). vaunt
(‫ ب‬s.th.); to pride o.s. (‫ ب‬upon), be proud (
‫ ب‬of); -- fakira a (falfa,) to despise,
disdain III to vie in glory (‫ ه‬with s.o.); to
be proud (‫ ب‬of), pride o.s. (‫ ب‬upon), boast
(‫ ب ه‬before s.o. of) V to be proud, haughty
VI and VIII = I fakara X to find (‫ ھـ‬s.th.)
excellent
‫ فخر‬fakr glory, pride; honor;
vainglorious poetry (as a literary genre) │
‫ غير فخر‬gaira fakrin or ‫ وال فخر‬wa-lā fakra
I say this without boasting
‫ فخري‬fakrī honorary, honoris causa
‫ فخرة‬fukra glory, pride
‫ فخار‬fakār glory, pride
‫ فخور‬fakūr vainglorious, boastful,
bragging; proud (‫ ب‬of)
‫ فخير‬fakīr boasting, bragging,
swaggering, boastful
‫ فخار‬fakkār (fired) clay; earthenware,
crockery, pottery
‫ فخاري‬fakkārī potter’s earthen; potter
‫ فاخورة‬fākūra pottery, earthenware
manufactory
‫ فاخوري‬fākūrī potter
‫ افخر‬afkar2 more splendid, more
magnificent
‫ مفخرة‬mafkara pl. ‫ مفاخر‬mafākir2 object
of pride, s.th. to bout of; glorious deed,
exploit, feat; glorious trait or quality 699
‫ مفاخرة‬mufākara boasting, bragging,
vainglory, pride
‫ تفاخر‬tafākur boasting, bragging,
vainglory
 ‫ افتخار‬iftikār pride, vainglory, boasting,
bragging
‫ فاخر‬fākir proud, vainglorious, boastful,
bragging; outstanding, excellent, first-rate,
perfect, splendid, superb, glorious,
magnificent; sumptuous, de luxe
‫ مفاخر‬mufākir boastful, vainglorious,
proud
‫ مفتخر‬muftakir proud, vainglorious,
boastful, bragging; outstanding, excellent,
first-rate, perfect, splendid, superb,
glorious, magnificent; sumptuous, de luxe
‫ فخفخ‬fakfaka to be boastful, vainglorious; to
boast, brag
‫ فخفخة‬fakfaka ostentation, showiness,
pageantry, pomp
‫ فخم‬fakuma u (‫ فخامة‬fakāma) to be stately,
imposing, splendid, magnificent, grand II
to intensify (‫ ھـ‬s.th.); to honor, treat with
respect (‫ ه‬s.o.), show deference (‫ ه‬to); to
pronounce emphatically, make emphatic (
‫ ھـ‬a consonant)
‫ فخم‬fakm stately, imposing, splendid,
superb, magnificent, grand, grandiose
‫ فخامة‬fakāma stateliness, imposingness,
imposing appearance; splendor,
magnificence, eminence, high rank; title
of the head of a nonmonarchic state; title
of honor given to high-ranking foreign
dignitaries, approx.: Highness,
Excellency, = ‫ صاحب الفخامة │ فخامة الدولة‬f.
ad-daula title of the President of the
Republic (Syr., Leb.); ‫ فخامة رئيس الدولة‬do.
(Syr., Leb.); ‫ فخامة الرئيس‬f. ar-ra’īs title of a
foreign head of state, approx.: His
Excellency, the President; ‫فخامة المعتمد‬
‫ السامي‬f. al-mu‘tamad as-sāmī His
Excellency, the High Commissioner
‫ تفخيم‬tafkīm emphatic or velarized
pronunciation of a consonant (phon.) │ ‫آلة‬
‫ التفخيم‬amplifier (radio)
‫ مفخم‬mufakkam honored │ ‫الحروف المفخمة‬
the emphatics (phon.)
‫ فدح‬fadaḥa a (fadḥ) to oppress, burden (
‫ ه‬s.o.), weigh (‫ ه‬upon s.o.) X to regard (‫ھـ‬
s.th.) as a heavy burden, as painful
‫ فداحة‬fadāḥa oppressiveness,
burdensomeness
‫ افدح‬afdaḥa2 more oppressive, more
burdensome, more serious, heavier
‫ فادح‬fādiḥ burdensome, oppressive;
grave, serious (mistake), heavy (loss), bad
(physical defect)
‫ فادحة‬fādiḥa pl. ‫ فوادح‬fawādiḥ
misfortune, calamity
‫ فدخ‬fadaka a (fadk) to break, smash (‫ ھـ‬s.th.)
‫ فدر‬fadar pl. ‫ فدور‬fudūr chamois
‫ فدفد‬fadfad pl. ‫ فدافد‬fadāfid2 wasteland, tract of
desert land, desert
‫ فدم‬fadama i to seal (‫ ھـ‬the mouth, an aperture)
‫ فدم‬fadm pl. ‫ فدام‬fidām clumsy in speech;
heavy-witted, sluggish, dull, stupid
‫ فدن‬II to fatten, stall-feed (‫ ھـ‬s.th.)
‫ فدان‬faddān pl. ‫ فدادين‬fadādīn2 yoke of
oxen; (pl. ‫ افدنة‬afdina) feddan, a square
measure (Eg. = 4200.833 m2)
‫ فادن‬fādin pl. ‫ فوادن‬fawādin2 plummet,
plumb bob
‫ فدى‬fadā i (fidan, ‫ فداء‬fidā’) to redeem, ransom
(‫ ه‬،‫ ب ھـ‬s.o., s.th. with or by); to sacrifice (
‫ ب ه‬for s.o. s.th.) III to sacrifice, offer up (
‫ ب‬s.th.) VI to 700 beware (‫ من‬of), guard (
‫ من‬against), get away, keep away (‫ من‬or ‫ھـ‬
from); to get rid (‫ من‬or ‫ ھـ‬of); to prevent,
obviate, avert, avoid (‫ من‬or ‫ ھـ‬s.th.) VIII =
I; to obtain (‫ ھـ‬s.th.) by sacrificing s.th.
else (‫ ;)ب‬to redeem o.s., ransom o.s. (‫ب‬
with or by); to free o.s. (‫ من‬from) │ ‫افتداه‬
‫ بالنفس‬to sacrifice o.s. for s.o. or s.th., risk
life and property for s.o. or s.th.
‫ فدى‬fidan, fadan redemption,
ransoming; ransom; sacrifice (with foll.
genit.: for s.th., to save or liberate s.o. or
s.th.) │ ‫( جعلت فداك‬ju‘iltu) (lit.: may I be
made your ransom, i.e.) oh, could I but
sacrifice myself for you! ‫مات فدى للوطن‬
(waṭan) he died for his country
‫ فدية‬fidya pl. ‫ فديات‬fidayāt, ‫ فدى‬fidan
ransom; redemption (from the omission of
certain religious duties, by a material
donation or a ritual act; Isl. Law)
‫ فداء‬fidā’ redemption, ransoming;
ransom; price (one has to pay for s.th.),
sacrifice (one makes for s.th.) │ ‫جعل كل‬
 ‫( شيء فداءه‬fidā’ahū) he sacrificed or gave
up everything for it
‫ فدائي‬fidā’ī one who sacrifices himself
(esp., for his country); esp. pl. ‫فدائيون‬
fighters who risk their lives recklessly,
soldiers prepared to sacrifice their lives;
fedayeen, commandos, shock troops (Eg.)
‫ فدائية‬fidā’īya spirit of self-sacrifice
‫ مفاداة‬mufādāh sacrifice
‫ فاد‬fādin redeemer
‫ مفدي‬mafdīy (prop., object of self-
sacrifice) following the name of a king,
also after ‫ وطن‬waṭan, ‫‘ عرش‬arš, and the
like, approx.: dearly beloved, dear
‫ فذ‬fadd pl. ‫ افذاذ‬afdād, ‫ فذوذ‬fudūd alone, only,
sole, single; singular, unique; uncommon,
unusual, infrequent; pl. ‫ افذاذ‬extraordinary
people
‫ فذلكة‬fadlaka brief summary, résumé, survey,
outline, abstract, epitome
‫ فر‬farra i (farr, ‫ فرار‬firār, ‫ مفر‬mafarr) to
flee, run away, run off, escape (‫ من‬from) │
‫( فر ھاربا‬hāriban) to flee, take to one’s
heels IV to put (‫ ه‬s.o.) to flight VIII to
open up or part (‫ عن‬so that s.th. becomes
visible); to bare, show (‫ عن‬the teeth when
smiling), reveal (‫ عن‬s.th.); to shimmer,
gleam
‫ فرار‬firār flight
‫ فرار‬furār: ‫‘ عينه فراره‬ainuhū furāruhū
(firāruhū) his outward appearance
bespeaks his inner worth; you need only
look at him to know what to think of him
‫ فرار‬farrār fugitive, runaway, escaped;
a fugitive, a runaway; deserter, defector;
quicksilver, mercury
‫ فريرة‬furrēra teetotum (eg.)
‫ مفر‬mafarr flight, escape │ ‫ال مفر منه‬
(mafarra) unavoidable, inevitable
‫ فار‬fārr pl. -ūn, ‫ فارة‬fārra fugitive,
fleeing; a fugitive
‫ فرأ‬fara’ pl. ‫ افراء‬afrā’ wild ass, onager
‫ فراء‬farā’ wild ass, onager │ ‫كل الصيد في‬
‫ جوف الفراء‬kullu ṣaidin fī jaufi l-f. there are
all kind, of game in the belly of the wild
ass (proverbially of s.o. or s.th. that
combine. all good qualities and
advantages and makes everything else
dispensable)
‫( فراك‬Fr. frac) firāk, frāk pl. -āt swallow-tailed
coat, full dress, tails
‫ فراولة‬faraula (from It. fragola) strawberry
(eg.)
‫ الفرات‬al-furāt the Euphrates; ‫ فرات‬sweet
(water) 701
‫ فرتيكة‬furtīka clasp, buckle (eg.)
‫ فرج‬faraja i (farj) and II to open, part,
separate, cleave, split, gap, breach (‫ھـ‬
s.th.), make an opening, gap or breach (‫ھـ‬
in); to dispel, drive away (‫ ھـ‬s.th., e.g.,
grief, worried; to comfort, solace, relieve (
‫ عن‬s.o.) II to show (‫ على ه‬to s.o. s.th.) IV to
leave (‫ عن‬a place); to free, liberate, let free
(‫ عن‬s.o.), release (‫ عن‬s.o., s.th.) V to be
opened ‫عن‬, be separated, be cleft, be split;
to part, divide, move apart (e.g., a crowd
so as to let s.o. pass; to be dispelled (grief,
sorrow); to derive comfort (‫ في‬or ‫ على‬from
the light of), take pleasure, delight (‫ في‬or
‫ على‬in looking at); to regard, view,
observe, watch, inspect (‫ على‬s.o., s.th.),
look (‫ على‬at s.o., at s.th.) VII to be opened,
be separated, be cleft, be split; to open or
part widely, widen, diverge, split open,
gape, yawn; to open (‫ عن‬so that s.th.
becomes visible); to show, reveal (‫عن‬
s.th.); to relax, become relaxed (features;
crisis); to be dispelled, be driven away
(grief, sorrow); to become gay
‫ فرج‬farj pl. ‫ فروج‬furūj opening,
aperture, gap, breach; pudendum of the
female, vulva
‫ فرج‬faraj freedom from grief or sorrow,
release from suffering; joy; relaxation;
relief, ease, repose, pleasure, comfort;
happy ending
‫ فرجة‬furja state of happiness (esp. after
suffering); pleasure, delight; -- (pl. ‫)فرج‬
opening, aperture, gap, breach, hole;
onlooking, watching, inspection, viewing;
sight, spectacle
‫ فروج‬farrūj (coll.; n. un. ‫ )ة‬pl. ‫فراريج‬
frārīj2 chick, young chicken, pullet
‫( فرارجي‬eg.) farargī seller of chicken,
poulterer
 ‫ مفرج‬mafraj pl. ‫ مفارج‬mafārij2 relief,
relaxation; denouement, happy ending
‫ افراج‬ifrāj freeing, liberation; release (
‫ عن‬of s.o., of s.th.), unblocking (‫ عن‬e.g., of
assets), decontrol (‫ عن‬e.g., of rationed
foodstuffs, etc.)
‫ تفرج‬tafarruj inspection, viewing,
regarding; watching, observation
‫ انفراج‬infirāj relaxedness, relaxation
‫ متفرج‬mutafarrij pl. -ūn viewer,
watcher, observer, spectator, onlooker
‫ منفرج‬munfarij opened wide, wide-
open; relaxed; gay, merry │ ‫زاوية منفرجة‬
(zāwiya) obtuse angle (geom.)
‫ فرجار‬firjār compass, dividers
‫ فرجون‬firjaun currycomb, brush
‫ فرح‬fariḥa a (faraḥ) to be glad, happy,
delighted, rejoice (‫ ب‬،‫ ل‬at), be gay, merry,
cheerful (‫ ب‬،‫ ل‬about, over) II to gladden,
delight, cheer, exhilarate, make merry,
happy, gay (‫ ه‬s.o.)
‫ فرح‬faraḥ joy, gladness, glee, gaiety,
hilarity, mirth, exhilaration, merriment,
happiness; wedding; pl. ‫ افراح‬afrāḥ feast of
rejoicing, celebration, festival, festivity;
wedding (feast) │ ‫ ردھة األفراح‬radhat al-a.
banquet hall, ball-room
‫ فرحة‬farḥa joy
‫ فرح‬fariḥ merry, gay, cheerful, joyful,
glad, delighted, happy
‫ فرحان‬farḥān2 merry, gay, cheerful,
joyful, glad, delighted, happy
‫ مفارح‬mafāriḥ2 feasts of rejoicing,
joyous events
‫ تفريح‬tafrīḥ exhilaration, amusement
‫ فارح‬fāriḥ merry, gay, cheerful, joyful,
glad, delighted, happy
‫ مفرح‬mufriḥ gladdening, cheering,
exhilarating, joyous, delightful 702
‫ فرخ‬II to have young ones (bird); to hatch (said
of eggs); to hatch, incubate (‫ ھـ‬s.th.); to
germinate, sprout, put out new shoots (of
a tree); to spread, gain ground IV to have
young ones (bird); to hatch (said of eggs);
to hatch. incubate (‫ ھـ‬s.th.); to germinate,
sprout, put out new shoots (of a tree) │
‫( افرخ روعه‬rau‘uhū) fear left him
‫ فرخ‬fark pl. ‫ افراخ‬afrāk ‫ فروخ‬furūk, ‫فرخ‬
firāk, ‫ فرخان‬firkān young bird; shoot, spout
(of a plant, of a tree) │ ‫ فرخ ورق‬f. waraq
(eg.) sheet of paper
‫ فرخة‬farka pl. ‫ فراخ‬firāk young female
bird; hen │ ‫( فرخ رومي‬rūmī) (eg.) turkey
hen
‫ فراخ‬firāk (pl. of ‫ )فرخ‬poultry, domestic
fowls
‫ فرخ‬tafrīk hatching, incubation │ ‫آلة‬
‫ التفريخ‬incubator
‫ فرد‬farada and faruda u (‫ فرود‬furūd) to be
single, be alone; to be singular, be unique;
-- farada u (‫ فرود‬furūd) to withdraw, retire,
segregate (‫ عن‬from); -- farada i (eg.) to
spread, spread out, extend, stretch (‫ھـ‬
s.th.); to unfold (‫ ھـ‬s.th.) IV to set aside,
separate, segregate, isolate (‫ ه‬،‫ ھـ‬s.o.,
s.th.); to single out. assign especially (‫ ب‬or
‫ ل ھـ‬s.th. for), devote (‫ ب‬or ‫ ل ھـ‬s.th. to
s.th. else) V to be alone; to do alone,
perform single-handedly (‫ ب‬s.th.); to
possess alone (‫ ب‬s.th.); to be matchless, be
unique VII = V; to stand alone, b. without
parallel (‫ في‬or ‫ ب‬with or in s.th.); to
withdraw, segregate, walk away (‫عن‬
from); to be isolated (‫ عن‬from) X to find (
‫ ه‬،‫ ھـ‬s.o., s.th.) singular, unique or isolated;
to isolate (‫ ھـ‬s.th., chem.)
‫ فرد‬fard pl. ‫ افراد‬afrād, ‫ فرادى‬furādā
alone, single; sole, only; solitary, lone,
lonely; singular, unique, matchless,
unrivaled, peerless, incomparable; one, a
single one, a single thing, a single person,
individual; odd, uneven (number); ‫الفرد‬
epithet of the month of Rajab; (pl. ‫فراد‬
firād) one, one of a couple, one of a pair;
(pl. ‫ فرود‬furūd, ‫ فرودة‬furūda) pistol; --
singular (gram.) │ ‫ فردا فردا‬fardan) singly,
separately, one by one, one at a time, one
after the other
‫ فردة‬farda one part, one half, one of a
pair
‫ فردى‬fardī single, solitary; single- (in
compounds); pertaining to a single person;
one-man (in compounds); solo (adj.);
singles (tennis); individual, personal;
individualist; odd, uneven (numbr)
 ‫ فردية‬fardīya individuality,
individualism
‫ فريد‬farīd alone, lone, lonely, solitary;
singular, unique, matchless, peerless,
unrivaled, incomparable; (with foll. genit.)
especially endowed with │ ‫فريد في بابه‬
unique of its kind
‫ فريدة‬farīda pl. ‫ فرائد‬farā’d2 precious
pearl, precious gem, solitaire; (eg.) quire
(of paper)
‫ فرادا‬furādan singly, separately, one by
one, one at a time, one after the other
‫ فرادى‬furādā singly, separately, one by
one, one at a time, one after the other
‫ تفريدي‬tafrīdī detailed, itemized
‫ انفراد‬infirād solitude, loneness,
loneliness; isolation, seclusion │ ‫على‬
‫ االنفراد‬alone, apart, isolatedly, in solitude,
in seclusion; singly, by o.s.;
confidentially; ‫( االنفراد بالسلطة‬sulṭa)
autocracy
‫ انفرادي‬infirādī individual;
individualistic; autocratic; isolationistic,
tending to isolation 703
‫ مفرد‬mufrad single, solitary, lone,
detached, isolated; (gram.) simple,
consisting of only one word (expression);
being in the singular; singular (gram.); (pl.
-āt) vocable, word; pl. words, terms,
names, expressions (of a scientific field);
details │ ‫( مفردات خاصة‬kāṣṣa) technical
terms, terminology; ‫ بمفرده‬by o.s., alone,
apart, singly, isolatedly, in solitude, in
seclusion, solitarily; ‫ بالمفردات‬in detail; by
retail
‫ منفرد‬munfarid isolated, detached,
separated; lone, solitary, alone; solo (adj.;
also mus.)
2
□ ‫ فردة‬firda (<‫ فرضة‬furḍa) pl. ‫ فرد‬firad tax,
head tax, poll tax
‫ الفردوس‬al-firdaus f., pl. ‫ فراديس‬farādīs2
Paradise
‫ فردوسي‬firdausī paradisiacal, heavenly
1
‫ فرز‬faraza i (farz) and IV to set apart,
separate, detach, isolate (‫ ھـ‬s.th.); to
secrete, excrete, discharge (‫ ھـ‬s.th.;
physiol.); to sort, sift, classify (‫ ھـ‬s.th.); to
examine (‫ ھـ‬s.th.), screen (‫ ه‬،‫ ھـ‬s.o., s.th.),
muster (‫ ه‬s.o.); to select, pick out (‫ ھـ‬s.th.);
to distinguish, discriminate, differentiate (
‫ من ھـ‬s.th. from)
‫ فرز‬farz separation, detachment,
isolation; secretion, excretion, discharge;
sorting, sifting; mustering, muster,
screening, examination; selection,
selecting │ ‫‘( فرز عسكري‬askarī) pre-
induction examination (mil.)
‫ فرازة‬farrāza: O ‫‘( فرازة آلية‬ā1īya) seed
separator, seed-screening apparatus
‫ مفرزة‬mafraza pl. ‫ مفارز‬mafāriz2 group,
detachment, party, troop, band
‫ افراز‬ifrāz pl. -āt secretion, excretion,
exudation, discharge, expectoration
(physiol.) │ ‫ قسمة افراز‬qismat i. partition in
kind (Isl. Law)
O ‫ فارزة‬fāriza comma
‫ مفرزات‬mufrazāt secretions, excretions,
exudations (physiol.) │ ‫المفرزات الداخلية‬
(dākilīya) internal secretions, endocrines
2
‫ فريز‬pl. ‫افرزة = افريز‬
3
‫ فاروز‬،‫ فيروز‬and ‫ فيروزج‬look up alphabetically
4
‫ افريز‬pl. ‫ افاريز‬look up alphabetically
‫ فرزان‬II tafarzana to queen, become a
queen (of a pawn; in chess)
‫ فرزان‬firzān pl. ‫ فرازين‬farāzīn 2 queen (in
chess)
1
‫ فرس‬farasa i (fars) to kill, tear (‫ ھـ‬its prey, of
a predatory animal) V to regard
searchingly, eye, scrutinize (‫ ه‬،‫ ھـ‬or ‫ في‬s.o.,
s.th.), look firmly (‫ ه‬،‫ ھـ‬or ‫ في‬at s.o., at
s.th.); to recognize, detect (‫ ھـ‬a quality, ‫في‬
in s.o.) VIII = I; to ravish, rape (‫ ھا‬a
woman)
‫ فرس‬faras m. and f., pl. ‫ افراس‬afrās
horse, mare; knight (chess) │ ‫ فرس البحر‬f.
al-baḥr hippopotamus; ‫ فرس الرھان‬race
horse; ‫ الفرس األعظم‬PegaSus (astron.)
‫ فراسة‬farāsa horsemanship, equitation
‫ فراسة‬firāsa perspicacity, acumen,
discernment, discrimination, minute
observation; keen eye (esp. for traits of
character); intuitive knowledge of human
nature │ ‫‘ علم الفراسة‬ilm al-f. physiognomy;
‫ فراسة اليد‬f. al-yad chiromancy, palmistry
 ‫ فريسة‬farīsa pl. ‫ فرائس‬farā’is2 prey (of a
wild animal)
‫ فريسي‬farīsī, ‫ فرسي‬Pharisee
‫ فروسة‬furūsa horsemanship, equitation;
chivalry, knighthood,
‫ فروسية‬furūsīya horsemanship,
equitation; chivalry, knighthood; heroism,
valor
‫ فارس‬fāris pl. ‫ فرسان‬fursān, ‫فوارس‬
fawāris2 horseman, rider; knight, cavalier;
704 hero; pl. cavalry │ ‫لست من فرسان ذلك‬
‫( الميدان‬lastu, maidān) I am unfamiliar with
this field, I am not competent in this field
‫ فارسة‬fārisa pl. -āt horsewoman;
2
mounted female warrior, Amazon
‫ مفترس‬muftaris rapacious, ravenous
(animal) │ ‫( حيوان مفترس‬ḥayawān)
predatory animal, beast of prey
2
‫ الفرس‬al-fursān the Persians; Persia, also ‫بالد‬
‫الفرس‬
‫ فارس‬fāris, also ‫ بالد فارس‬Persia
‫ فارسي‬fārisī Persian (adj. and n.)
‫ فرسي‬visāy Versailles
‫ فرسخ‬farsak pl. ‫ فراسخ‬farāsik2 a measure of
length, parasang
‫ فرص‬II to make holidays
‫ فرسوفيا‬varōviyā Warsaw (capital of Poland)
‫ فرش‬faraša u (farš, ‫ فراش‬firāš) to spread,
spread out (‫ ھـ‬s.th.); -- faraša u i (farš) to
pave, cover (‫ ھـ‬the ground, floor, path,
room, etc., ‫ ب‬with) II to cover (‫ ھـ‬the
floor, etc., ‫ ب‬with); to furnish, provide
with furniture (‫ ھـ‬..th.); to tile, pave (‫ھـ‬
s.th.) VIII to spread, spread out (‫ ھـ‬s.th.);
to lie down, stretch out, sprawl (‫ ھـ‬on
s.th.); to sleep (‫ ھا‬with a woman) │ ‫افترش‬
‫( لسانه‬lisānahū) to give one’s tongue free
rein
‫ فرش‬farš pl. ‫ فروش‬furūš furnishing;
furniture, household effects; mat, rug,
carpet; anything spread on the ground as
bedding; foundation (arch.)
‫ فرشة‬farša bed; mattress
‫ فراش‬farāš wheel (of a mill); (coll.; n.
un. ‫ )ة‬moths; butterflies
‫ فراشة‬farāša (n. un.) moth; butterfly;
flighty, fickle person
‫ فراش‬firāš pl. ‫ فرش‬furuš, ‫ افرشة‬afriša
cushion, pillow; blanket, cover, spread;
mattress; bed
‫ فراش‬farrāš one who spreads the
carpets; servant, attendant; house servant,
valet; office boy, errand boy
‫ مفرش‬mifraš pl. ‫ مفارش‬mafāriš2
tablecloth, table cover, cover (in general);
bedspread, counterpane
‫ مفرشة‬mifraša pl. ‫ مفارش‬mafāriš2 saddle
blanket
‫ مفروش‬mafrūš covered (‫ ب‬with);
furnished; ‫ مفروشات‬mafrūšāt furniture,
household effects
‫ فرش‬II to brush (‫ ھـ‬s.th.)
‫ فرشة‬furša pl. ‫ فرش‬furaš brush;
paintbrush │ ‫ فرشة البودرة‬powder puff; ‫فرشة‬
‫ اسنان‬f. asnān toothbrush
‫ فرشاة‬furšāh brush; paintbrush
‫ فرشاية‬furšāya (syr.) brush
‫ فرشح‬faršaḥ (‫ فرشحة‬faršaḥa) to straddle, stand
with one’s legs apart
‫ فرشخ‬faršaka = ‫ فرشح‬faršaḥa
‫( فرشينة‬It. forcina) furšīna pl. -āt hairpin
‫ فرصة‬furṣa pl. ‫ فرص‬furaṣ opportunity,
chance, auspicious moment; holidays,
vacation │ ‫( فرصة من الزمن‬furṣatan,
zaman) for a short time, briefly; ‫انتھز‬
‫( الفرصة‬intahaza) to seize the opportunity,
avail o.s. or take advantage of the
opportunity
‫ فريصة‬farīṣa pl. ‫ فرائص‬farā’iṣ2 flesh or
muscle beneath the shoulder-blades │
‫ فريصته‬or ‫( ارتعدت فرائصه‬irta‘adat) violent
fear or excitement seized him
‫ مفرص‬mufarriṣ holiday-maker,
vacationist, tourist
‫ فرصاد‬firṣād mulberry; mulberry tree
‫ فرض‬faraḍa i (farḍ) to decide,
determine; to decree, order, ordain (‫ھـ‬
s.th.); to appoint, assign, apportion,
allocate (‫ ھـ ل‬to s.o. s.th., money, and the
like); to impose, 705 enjoin, make
incumbent (‫ ھـ على‬upon s.o. s.th.),
prescribe (‫ ھـ على‬to s.o. s.th.); to impose (
 ‫ الحصار‬blockade, ‫ على‬on); to assume,
presume, suppose, presuppose, postulate (
‫ ھـ‬s.th., ‫ ان‬that) │ ‫فرض ارادته عليه‬
(irādatahū) to force one’s will on s.o. II to
notch (‫ ھـ‬s.th.), make incisions (‫ ھـ‬in s.th.)
VIII to impose, enjoin, make incumbent (
‫ ھـ على‬upon s.o. s.th.), prescribe (‫ ھـ على‬to
s.o. s.th.); to decree, order (‫ ھـ‬s.th.); to
assume, suppose (‫ ھـ‬s.th., ‫ ان‬that)
‫ فرض‬farḍ pl. ‫ فروض‬furūḍ notch,
incision; duty, precept, injunction, order,
decree, ordinance, command; religious
duty (Isl. Law); statutory portion, lawful
shore (Isl. Law); assumption, supposition,
presupposition, premise, postulate,
hypothesis │ ‫ فروض التحية‬f. at-taḥīya
prescribed forms of salutations; ‫فرض عين‬
f. ‘ain individual duty (Isl. Law); ‫فرض كفاية‬
collective duty (Isl. Law); ‫ على فرض‬on the
premise of …; ‫ على فرض ان‬on the
assumption that, with the understanding
that ..., supposing that ...
‫ فرضي‬farḍī hypothetic(al),
suppositional, conjectural, assumed
without proof
‫ فرضية‬farḍīya hypothesis
‫ فرضة‬furḍa pl. ‫ فرض‬furaḍ notch,
incision; opening, gap, crevice, crack;
seaport, river harbor, small port town
‫ فريضة‬farīḍa pl. ‫ فرائض‬farā’ḍ2 religious
duty (Isl. Law); divine precept, ordinance
of God (Isl. Law); obligatory prayer (Isl.
Law); pl. distributive shares in estate (Isl.
Law) │ ‫ فريضة الجمعة‬f. al-jum‘a the
obligatory divine service on Friday (Isl.
Law); ‫ ذو الفرائض‬dawū l-f. the “Koranic
heirs”, i.e., those entitled to a statutory
portion in estate according to sura lV,
12ff. (Isl. Law); ‫‘ علم الفرائض‬ilm al-f. law
of descent and distribution ‫ فرطح‬farṭaḥa to make broad, broaden, flatten (
‫ افتراض‬iftirāḍ assumption, supposition,
presupposition, premise, postulate,
hypothesis
‫ افتراضي‬iftirāḍī hypothetic(al)
‫ فارض‬fāriḍ old, advanced in years
‫ مفروض‬mafrūḍ supposed, assumed,
premised; pl. ‫ مفروضات‬duties, obligations
‫ فرط‬farata u to precede (‫ ه‬s.o.); to escape
inadvertently, slip (‫ من‬s.o.’s tongue; of
words); to escape (‫ من‬s.o.), get lost (‫ من‬on
s.o.); to happen (inadvertently) (‫ من‬to s.o.,
faux pas, etc.); to neglect (‫ في‬s.th.), be lax,
be remiss (‫ في‬with regard to); to strip off (
‫ ھـ‬fruits) │ ‫( فرط منه الشيء‬šai’u) he missed
the thing, lost it II to leave, abandon,
forsake, give up (‫ ه‬s.o., ‫ في‬or ,. s.th.),
renounce, waive (‫ في‬or ‫ ھـ‬s.th.); to separate
(‫ ه‬or ‫ عن‬from), part (‫ ه‬or ‫ عن‬with); to
neglect (‫ في‬s.th.), be lax, be remiss (‫في‬
with regard to); to exceed the proper
bounds, go too far, be excessive (‫ في‬in),
exaggerate, overdo (‫ في‬s.th.); to waste,
squander (‫ في‬s.th.) IV to exceed the proper
bounds, go too far, be excessive (‫ في‬in),
exaggerate, overdo, abuse (‫ في‬s.th.) VII to
be stripped off, be loosened, become
detached (‫ من‬from); to be dissolved,
dissolve, break up │ ‫انفرط عقدھم‬
(‘aqduhum) they broke up, they parted
company, they dissolved
‫ فرط‬farṭ excess, immoderation,
exaggeration; (with foll. abstract noun)
hyper- (in compounds)
‫ فرط‬faraṭ (eg.) interest (on money,
capital, etc.)
‫ فراطة‬furāṭa small change, coins
‫ تفريط‬tafrīṭ negligence, neglect
‫ افراط‬afrāṭ excess, immoderation,
exaggeration
‫ فارط‬fāriṭ elapsed, bygone, put, last,
e.g., ‫( يوم األحد الفارط‬yaum al-aḥad) last
Sunday
‫ مفرط‬mufarril prodigal, wasteful,
squandering; wastrel, spendthrift,
prodigal, squanderer
‫ مفرط‬mufriṭ exaggerated, excessive 706
‫ ھـ‬s.th.)
‫ مفرطح‬mufarṭaḥ broad; flattened, flat,
oblate; fat and flabby, bloated
‫ فرع‬fara‘a a (far‘, ‫ فرع‬furū‘) to surpass,
outstrip (‫ ه‬s.o.); to excel (‫ ه‬s.o.) II to put
forth branches, to branch; to derive,
deduce (‫ من ھـ‬s.h. from) V to branch out,
ramify, become ramified, spread in all
directions; to divide, fork, bifurcate (road,
pipeline); to branch off VIII to de1lower
 ‫ فرع‬far‘ pl. ‫ فروع‬furū‘, ‫ افرع‬afru‘ twig,
branch. bough, limb, (also coll.) branches,
twigs; derivative; section, subdivision;
branch office, subsidiary establishment,
branch; branch line, feeder line; branch
wire, feed wire (el.) │ ‫ الفروع‬or ‫علم الفروع‬
‘ilm al-f. the doctrine of the branches, i.e.,
applied fiqh, applied ethics (consisting in
the systematic elaboration of canonical
law in Islam); ‫ شرعا وفرعا‬šar‘an wa-far‘an
with full right, with good cause, justly
‫ فرعي‬fa‘ī branch, subsidiary, tributary,
sub-, side (in compounds); subdivisional;
secondary
‫ افرع‬afra‘2, f. ‫ فرعاء‬far‘ā’ tall, slender
‫ تفرع‬tafarru‘ many-sidedness,
versatility; (pl. -āt) ramification; pl.
secondary things, concomitant
circumstances, minor factors
‫ فارع‬fāri‘ tall, lofty, towering; high-
grown, slender, slim; beautiful, handsome,
pretty │ ‫ فارع الطول‬f. aṭ-ṯūl tall, high-
grown; ‫ فارع القامة‬tall and slender
‫ مفرع‬mufarra‘ ramified, branching
‫ متفرعات‬mutafarri‘āt secondary things,
concomitant circumstances, minor factors
‫ فرعون‬fir‘aun pl. ‫ فراعنة‬farā‘ina Pharaoh
‫ فرغ‬faraga u and fariga a (‫ فروغ‬furūg, ‫فراغ‬
farāg) to be empty, be void; to be vacant;
to be exhausted, be used up; to be rid (‫من‬
of s.o.), be done, be finished (‫ من‬with); to
finish, terminate, conclude, close, wind
up, finish off, settle, complete, bring to an
end (‫ من‬s.th.); to devote o.s. apply o.s.
attend, tend (‫ الى‬or ‫ ل‬to s.o. to s.th.),
occupy o.s. (‫ الى‬or ‫ ل‬with) │ ‫ فرغ الى نفسه‬to
collect one’s thoughts II to empty, void,
vacate, evacuate, discharge (‫ ھـ‬s.th.); to
unload (‫ ھـ‬a cargo); to pour out (‫ ھـ‬s.th.)
IV to empty, void, vacate, evacuate (‫ھـ‬
s.th.); to pour out (‫ على ھـ‬s.th. over. ‫في‬
into); to unload (‫ ھـ‬s.th., e.g., from a ship)
│ ‫( افرغه في قالب‬qālab) to mold s.th. (fig.);
(‫ مجھوده‬or) ‫( افرغ جھده‬jahdahū) to exert o.s.
to the utmost, make every effort (‫ في‬in),
do one’s best V to be free from work. be
unoccupied, be idle, have leisure; to be
free, disengage o.s. (‫ الى‬or ‫ ل‬for some
work), occupy o.s. exclusively (‫ الى‬or ‫ل‬
2
with), devote o.s., apply o.s., attend (‫ الى‬or
‫ ل‬to) X to empty (‫ ھـ‬a bowl, and the like);
to vomit │ ‫ استفرغ مجھوده‬to exert o.s. to the
utmost. make every effort (‫ في‬in), apply
every ounce of strength (‫ في‬to), do one’s
best
‫ فرغ‬farg empty, void; vacant
‫ فراغ‬farāg void, vacuity, vacancy,
vacuum, empty space; gap; space (‫ ل‬for
s.o., for s.th.); cession (of things which are
not transferable as a property, but
transferable as a possession; (Isl. Law);
leisure, sparetime
‫ فراغي‬farāgī vacuum (adj.)
‫ فروغ‬furūg emptiness, voidness,
vacuity; vacancy, unocoupiedness;
termination, expiration, exhaustion │ ‫فروغ‬
‫ الصبر‬f. aṣ-ṣabr impatience
‫ افرغ‬afrag2 emptier
‫ تفريغ‬tafrīg emptying, vacating,
evacuation; discharge; unloading (of a
cargo) 707
‫ افراغ‬ifrāg emptying, vacating,
evacuation; pouring out
‫ استفراغ‬istifrāg emptying, voiding,
vacating, evacuation; vomiting
‫ فارغ‬fārig pl. ‫ فراغ‬furrāg empty, void;
vacant; unoccupied, not busy, idle,
leisurely; inane, vacuous, idle, useless; --
tare (com.) │ ‫ بالفارغ‬in the void (of the
target) = in the bull’s-eye; ‫ بفارغ الصبر‬bi-f.
iṣ-ṣabr impatiently
‫ مفروغ منه‬mafrūg minh finished, settled
(question, problem, and the like);
exhausted (topic, and the like)
‫ مفرغ‬mufarrig emptying; creating a
vacuum │ O ‫ آلة مفرغة‬vacuum pump
‫ مفرغ‬mufarrag emptied, vacated,
exhausted of air, vacuum (adj.); hollow
‫ مفرغ‬mufrag cast (in a mold) │ ‫حلقة‬
‫( مفرغة‬ḥalqa) seamless ring; vicious circle,
circulus vitiosus
1
‫ فرفر‬farfara to shake itself (of animals, esp. of
a bird)
‫ فرفر‬farfar small bird
‫ فرفور‬furfūr small bird
‫ فرفوري‬farfūrī = ‫ فغفوري‬fine porcelain
3
‫فرفير‬firfīr purple, purpure
‫ فرفش‬farfaša: ‫( فرفش نفسه‬eg.) to recover, pick
up, revive
‫ فرفشة‬farfaša (eg.) ease, comfort,
convenience, leisure
‫ فرفير‬firfīr purple, purpure
‫ فرق‬faraqa u (farq, ‫ فرقان‬furqān to separate,
part, divide, sever, sunder (‫ ھـ‬s.th.); to
make a distinction (‫ بين‬between),
distinguish, differentiate, discriminate (‫بين‬
between); ‫( فرق‬farq) to part (‫ ھـ‬the hair);
fariqa a (faraq) to be terrified, be
dismayed; to be afraid (‫ من‬of) II to
separate, part, divide, sever, sunder (‫ھـ‬
s.th.); to strew about, scatter, disperse (‫ھـ‬
s.th.); to make a distinction (‫ بين‬between),
distinguish, differentiate (‫ بين‬between; ‫عن ه‬
s.o. from); to distribute (‫ في‬or ‫ على ھـ‬s.th.
to, among); to frighten, scare, daunt,
terrify, horrify (‫ ه‬s.o.) │ ‫ فرق تسد‬farriq
tasud divide and rule! divide et impera! III
to separate o.s. disengage o.s., withdraw,
depart (‫ ه‬،‫ ھـ‬from s.o., from s.th.), part (,‫ھـ‬
‫ ه‬with s.o., with s.th.), leave, quit (‫ ه‬،‫ ھـ‬s.o.,
s.th.) V to be or become separated, split,
disunited, divided, scattered, dispersed,
separate, part, divide, scatter, disperse,
dissolve, break up VII to be or become
separated, disunited, divided, separate o.s.,
disengage o.s. (‫ عن‬from), part (‫ عن‬with)
VIII = V │ ‫( افترق طرائق قددا‬ṭarā’iqa
qidadan) to split into many parts or
groups, become divided
‫ فرق‬farq separation, severance,
sunderance, division, partition;
differentiation, distinction, discrimination;
parting (of the hair); -- (pl. ‫ فروق‬furūq)
difference, dissimilarity, distinction; small
change, coins; pl. cases similar with
regard to facts, yet different as to their
legal implications (Isl. Law)
‫ فرق‬firq part, portion, division, section,
unit; band, company, party, detachment,
troop, group; herd, flock
‫ فرق‬faraq fear, fright, terror
‫ فرق‬fariq fearful, timid, timorous,
cowardly, craven
‫ فرقة‬firqa pl. ‫ فرق‬firaq part, portion,
division, section, unit; band, company,
party, detachment, troop, group; class;
grade, class (in school); pupils or students
of a course; troupe, ensemble; team, crew;
division (mil.); sect │ ‫الفرقة الألجنبية‬
(ajnabīya) the Foreign Legion; ‫الفرقة‬
‫ الخامسة‬the fifth column; ‫فرقة مصفحة‬
(muṣaffaḥa) armored division; ‫فرقة المطافئ‬
٧٠٨ (or ‫ )األطفاء‬f. al-maṭāfi2 (or al-iṭfā’)
fire department, fire brigade; ‫ فرقة اإلعدام‬f.
al-i‘dām firing squad; ‫فرقة استعراضية‬
(isti‘rāḍīya) show troupe, revue troupe;
‫( فرقة موسيقية‬mūsīqīya) orchestra; ‫فرقة‬
‫ موسيقى‬f. mūsīqā (military) band
‫ فرقة‬furqa separatedness, separation,
disunion
‫ فريق‬farīq pl. ‫ فروق‬furūq, ‫ افرقة‬afriqa,
‫ افرقاء‬afriqā2 band, company, troop,
detachment, unit; party; faction; team
(sports); - a military and naval rank,
approx.: lieutenant general (Eg.), vice
admiral (Eg.) │ ‫( فريق اول‬awwal)
lieutenant general (Ir.); ‫( فريق ثان‬tānin)
major general (Ir.)
‫ فروق‬farūq very fearful, timid,
timorous, cowardly, craven;
--Constantinople
‫ فاروق‬fārūq very timorous; ‫ الفاروق‬he
who distinguishes truth from falsehood
(epithet of the 2nd Caliph, Omar)
‫ فاروقية‬fārūqīya “Faruk cap”, winter
field cap of the Egyptian Air Force (1939)
‫ فرقان‬furqān proof, evidence; ‫ الفرقان‬the
Koran
‫ مفرق‬mafraq, mafriq pl. ‫ مفارق‬mafāriq2
crossing, intersection, bifurcation, forking,
fork, junction, interjunction; road fork,
highway intersection, crossroads, also
‫ مفرق الطرق‬m. aṭ-ṭuruq; ‫ المفرق‬al-mafraq or
‫ قلعة المفرق‬qal‘at al-m. Mafrak (city in N
Jordan) │ ‫ مفرق الشعر‬mafriq aš-ša‘r parting
(of the hair)
‫ تفريق‬tatrīq separation, severance,
sunderance, partition, division; dispersion,
dispersal, scattering; differentiation,
distinction, discrimination; distribution;
pl. ‫ تفاريق‬tafārīq2 single, separate parts,
detached sections │ ‫ بالتفريق‬in detail; in
portions; by retail (com.)
 ‫ تفرقة‬tafriqa separation, severance,
sunderance, partition, division; dispersion,
dispersal, scattering; differentiation,
distinction, discrimination; distribution │
‫ بالتفرقة‬in detail; in portions; by retail
(com.)
‫ مفارقة‬mufāraqa separation, parting,
farewell, leave-taking, departure;
difference, dissimilarity, distinction
‫ فراق‬firāq separation, parting, farewell,
leave-taking, departure; difference,
dissimilarity, distinction
‫ تفرق‬tafarruq separation, disunion,
division; dispersing, dispersal, scattering;
deployment (in the field; mil.)
‫ افتراق‬iftirāq separation, disunion,
division
‫ فارق‬fāriq distinguishing, differential,
distinctive, discriminative, separative; (pl.
‫ فوارق‬fawāriq2) a separating or distinctive
factor; distinctive characteristic, criterion;
difference, distinction, dissimilarity,
disparity │ ‫( مع بعد الفارق‬bu‘d l-f.) in spite
of the great difference
‫ مفرق‬mufarriq distributor, retailer;
mailman, postman
‫ مفرق‬mufarraq retail (adj.) │ ‫تاجر المفرق‬
retail merchant, retailer; ‫ بالمفرق‬by retail
‫ متفرق‬mutafarriq dispersed, scattered;
sporadic; ‫ متفرقات‬miscellany, sundries
(com.), miscellaneous items
‫ مفترق‬muftaraq crossing, intersection,
bifurcation, forking, fork, junction,
interjunction; road fork, highway
intersection, crossroads, also ‫مفترق الطرق‬
m. aṭ-ṭuruq
2
‫ فاوريقة‬pl. ‫ فواريق‬look up alphabetically
3
‫ افريقيا‬look up alphabetically
4
‫ افريقي‬pl. ‫ افارقة‬look up alphabetically
‫ فرقد‬farqad calf; ‫ الفرقدان‬two bright stars of Ursa
Minor (β and γ) 709
‫ فرقع‬farqa‘a (‫ فرقعة‬farqa‘a) to pop, crack,
burst, explode II tafarqa‘a = I
‫ فرقعة‬farqa‘a crack, pop, report (of a
firearm); explosion, blast
‫ مفرقع‬mufarqi‘ explosive, blasting
(adj.); pl. ‫ مفرقعات‬explosives; firecrackers,
fireworks
‫ فرقلة‬farqilla (eg.) pl. -āt whip with a
leather thong, used in driving animals
‫ فرك‬faraka u (fark) to rob (‫ ھـ‬s.th.) II = I
V to be robbed VII = V
‫ فريك‬farīk rubbed; cooked green wheat
O ‫ مفراك‬mifrāk twirling stick
2
‫ فراك‬look up alphabetically
‫ فركش‬farkaša (eg.) to disarrange, dishevel,
tangle (‫ ھـ‬s.th.), tousle, muss, tear (hair)
1
‫ فرم‬farama i (farm) to out into small pieces (‫ھـ‬
meat, tobacco), mince, chop, hash (‫ھـ‬
meat) II = I
‫ مفرمة‬miframa meat grinder; mincer,
mincing machine
‫ مفرمم‬mafrūm: ‫( دخان مفروم‬dukān) finely
cut tobacco; ‫( لحم مفروم‬laḥm) chopped
meat, hashed meat
2
‫( فرم‬It. forma) furma pl. ‫ فرم‬furam mold
‫ فرمان‬faramān pl. -āt, ‫ فرامين‬farāmīn2 firman;
decree, edict; (letter of) safe-conduct,
laisser-passer (formerly, in the Ottoman
Empire)
‫( فرمبواز‬Fr. framboise) frambuwāz raspberry
‫( فرمسون‬eg.) firmasōn (from Fr. franc-maçon)
Freemason
‫ فرملة‬farmala pl. ‫ فرامت‬farāmil2 brake (of a
wheel, etc.)
‫( فرملجي‬eg.) farmalgī pl. -īya brakeman
‫ فرموزا‬farmōza, formōza Formosa
‫ فرن‬furn pl. ‫ افران‬afran oven, baking oven
‫ فران‬farrān baker
‫ فرنج‬II tafarnaja to become Europeanized,
adopt European manners, imitate the
Europeans
‫ اإلفرنج‬al-ifranj the Europeans │ ‫بالد‬
‫ اإلفرنج‬Europe
‫ افرنجي‬ifranjī European; ‫ اإلفرنجي‬syphilis
‫ فرنجة‬firanja2 Land of the Franks,
Europe
 ‫ تفرنج‬tafarnuj Europeanization,
imitation of the Europeans
‫ متفرنج‬mutafarnij Europeanized
1 alphabetically)
‫ فرند‬firind a sword of exquisite workmanship
2 ‫ فز‬fazza i (fazz) to jump up, start, bolt;
‫ فرندة‬faranda, varanda pl. -āt veranda, porch
‫ فرنس‬farnasa (‫ فرنسة‬farnasa) to make French,
Frenchify, imbue with French culture (‫ھـ‬
s.th.) II tafarnasa to become a Frenchman;
to imitate the French
‫ فرنسا‬faransā (also ‫ )فرنسة‬France
‫ فرنسي‬faransī French; (pl. -ūn)
Frenchman
‫ فرنساوي‬faransāwī (also ‫ )فرنسوي‬French
‫ الفرنسيس‬al-faransīs the French
‫ الفرنسيسكان‬al-faransiskān the Franciscans
‫( فرنك‬Fr. franc) firank and ‫ فرنكة‬pl. -āt franc
‫ فره‬farih lively, agile, nimble
‫ فراھة‬farāha liveliness, agility,
nimbleness, swiftness (of an animal);
sturdiness
‫ فاره‬fārih lively, agile, nimble, swift
(animal); comely, pretty; sturdy; big
‫ فرو‬farw (coll.; n. un. ‫ )ة‬pl. ‫ فراء‬firā’ furriery,
fur(s), skin(s), pelt(s), peltry
‫ فروة‬farwa (n. un.) fur, pelt; akin, hide │ ‫فروة‬
‫ الرأس‬scalp; ‫ ابو فروة‬abū f. (eg.) chestnut
710 ‫ فرى‬farā i (fary) to split lengthwise,
cut lengthwise (‫ ھـ‬s.th.); (eg.) to mince,
chop (‫ ھـ‬s.th.); to invent lyingly, fabricate,
trump up (‫ على ھـ‬s.th. against) │ ‫فرى كذبا‬
(kidban) to fabricate, or invent, a lie (‫على‬
against) II to split lengthwise, cut
lengthwise (‫ ھـ‬s.th.) IV = II; VIII to invent
lyingly, fabricate, trump up (‫ على ه‬s.th.
against); to slander, libel, calumniate (‫على‬
s.o.)
‫ فرية‬firya pl. ‫ فرى‬firan lie, falsehood,
falsity; slander, calumny
‫ فرى‬farīy: ‫ جاء( شيئا فريا‬or) ‫ اتى‬to do s.th.
unheard-of, do an unprecedented thing
‫ مفراة‬mifrāh (eg.) (= ‫ )مفرمة‬meat grinder;
mincer, mincing machine
‫ افتراء‬iftirā’ lie, falsehood, falsity;
slander, calumny
‫ مفتر‬muftarin slanderer, calumniator
‫ مفتريات‬muftarayāt lies, falsities;
calumnies
‫ فريز‬farīz pl. ‫ افرزة‬afriza = ‫ افريز‬ifrīz (look up
to be or become frightened, terrified,
dismayed, startled; to frighten, alarm,
startle (‫ ه‬،‫ ھـ‬s.o., s.th.), scare away (‫ ه‬،‫عن ھـ‬
s.o., s.th. from) IV to frighten, alarm,
startle (‫ ه‬،‫ ھـ‬s.o., s.th.), scare away (‫ ه‬،‫عن ھـ‬
s.o., s.th. from) V to become restless,
restive, uneasy X to fill with unrest or
excitement, rouse, agitate, excite, stir up,
instigate, incite, egg on, inflame, whip up
(‫ ه‬s.o.), provoke (‫ ھـ‬an incident); to startle
(‫ عن ه‬s.o. out of); to stir up, arouse (‫من ه‬
s.o. from)
‫ فزة‬fazza start, jump, bolt, dart
‫ استفزاز‬istifzāz pl. -āt instigation,
agitation, incitement, provocation
‫ استفزازي‬istifzāzī agitative, instigative,
inflammatory, rabble-rousing,
provocative, incendiary
‫ فزر‬lazara u (fazr) to tear, rent, burst (‫ ھـ‬s.th.)
V to be torn, be rent, split open, burst VII
=V
‫ فزارة‬fazāra female leopard
‫ فزورة‬fazūra pl. ‫ فوازر‬fawāzir2 (eg.)
riddle, puzzle
‫ فزع‬fazi‘a a (faza‘) and faza‘a a (faz‘, fiz‘) to
be afraid, be scared (‫ من‬of), be alarmed,
frightened, terrified (‫ ل‬or ‫ من‬by); -- fazi‘a
a to take refuge, flee (‫ الى‬to), seek asylum
(‫ الى‬with) II to strike (‫ ه‬s.o.) with fear; to
frighten, scare, alarm, terrify, dismay,
startle (‫ ه‬s.o.) IV to frighten, startle,
terrify, scare (‫ ه‬s.o.) V to be terrified,
startled, dismayed; to be frightened │ ‫تفزع‬
‫( من نومه‬naumihī) to be roused from one’s
sleep
‫ فزع‬faza‘ pl. ‫ افزاع‬afzā‘ fear, fright,
terror, alarm, dismay, anxiety,
consternation, panic
‫ فزع‬fazi‘ frightened, terrified, scared,
alarmed, startled, dismayed, fearful,
timorous
 ‫ فزعان‬faz‘ān frightened. terrified,
scared, alarmed, startled, dismayed,
fearful, timorous
‫ فزاعة‬fazzā‘a one who inspires fear;
scarecrow ‫ فسخ‬fasaka a (fask) to dislocate, disjoint,
‫ مفزع‬mafza‘ place of refuge, retreat,
sanctuary
‫ مفزعة‬mafza‘a place of refuge, retreat,
sanctuary; scarecrow
‫ مفزع‬mufzi‘ terrible, dreadful, alarming
‫ مفزع‬mufzi‘ frightened, terrified,
alarmed, startled
‫ فستان‬fustān pl. ‫ فساتين‬fasātīn2 (woman’s) dress,
gown, frock
‫ فستق‬fustuq, fustaq pistachio (bot.)
‫ فسح‬fasuḥa u (‫ فسحة‬fusḥa, ‫ فساحة‬fasāḥa) to be or
become wide, spacious, roomy; 711 –
fasaḥa a (fasḥ) to make room, clear a
space (‫ في‬،‫ ھـ‬in, ‫ ل‬for) II to make wide,
make spacious, widen, broaden, extend,
expand (‫ ھـ‬s.th.); to make room, clea a
space (‫ ل‬for) │ ‫( فسح مجاال له‬majālan) to
make room for s.o., or s.th., give s.o. or
s.th. free play or free scope; to open up an
opportunity for s.o.; ‫ فسح له الطريق‬to open
or pave the way for s.o. or s.th. IV to
make room, clear a space (‫ ل‬for); to clear.
open up (‫ ھـ‬s.th., ‫ ل‬for) V to be or become
wide, spacious, roomy; to walk, take a
walk VII to be or become wide, spacious,
roomy; to extend, expand, dilate; to be
free, be ample (time) │ ‫ انفسحت لي األوقات‬I
had plenty of time
‫ فسحة‬fusḥa wideness, ampleness,
spaciousness, roominess; extensive
possibilities, ample opportunities, wide
scope for action; (time) margin, enough
time (‫ ل‬for); -- (pl. ‫ فسح‬fusaḥ, -āt) free,
open, or empty, space; holidays, vaoation;
walk, promenade, stroll, ride, drive,
outing, excursion │ ‫ما زال في الوقت فسحة‬
(waqt) there is still time
‫ فسحة‬fusḥa pl. -āt (eg.) anteroom,
vestibule, hallway, entrance hall; (eg., also
syr.) open space between houses;
courtyard
‫ فسيح‬fasīḥ) pl. ‫ فساح‬fisāḥ wide, ample,
spacious, roomy, broad
‫ انفساح‬infisāḥ wideness, ampleness;
extension, expansion, dilation
‫ منفسح‬munfasaḥ) wideness, ampleness;
plane, surface
luxate, put out of joint (‫ ھـ‬a limb); to
sever, sunder, tear (‫ ھـ‬s.th.); (jur.) to
cancel, abolish, rescind, revoke, abrogate,
annul, nullify, invalidate, dissolve, void,
vacate (‫ ھـ‬s.th.); -- fasika a (fasak) to lose
color; to fade (color) II to tear to pieces,
tear apart, lacerate, mangle (‫ ھـ‬s.th.); (eg.)
to salt (‫ ھـ‬fish) V to break up into
fragments, fall apart, disintegrate VII
(jur.) to be canceled, abolished, rescinded,
revoked, abrogated, annulled, nullified,
invalidated, dissolved, voided, vacated
‫ فسخ‬fask (jur.) cancellation,
abolishment, abolition, rescission,
revocation, abrogation, annulment,
nullification, invalidation, dissolving,
voiding, vacating
‫ فسخي‬faskī abolitionary, revocatory,
abrogative, nullifying
‫ فسخة‬faska (wood) splinter, chip, sliver
‫ فسيخ‬fasīk (eg.) small salted fish
‫ متفسخ‬mutafassik degenerate(d)
‫ فسد‬fasada u i (‫ فساد‬fasād, ‫ فسود‬fusūd) to be or
become bad, rotten, decayed, putrid, be
spoiled; to be or become vicious, wicked,
vile, corrupt, depraved, be marred,
impaired, corrupted, perverted, vitiated; to
be empty, vain, idle, unsound, false,
wrong II to spoil, deprave, ruin, corrupt,
demoralize (‫ ه‬،‫ ھـ‬s.o., s.th.); to degrade,
abase, sully, tarnish, defile (‫ ه‬,‫ ھـ‬s.o., s.th.)
IV to spoil (‫ ه‬،‫ ھـ‬s.o., s.th.; ‫ ھـ‬s.th. ‫ على‬of
s.o., e.g., s.o.’s plans, etc.), deprave,
corrupt, pervert, demoralize (‫ ه‬،‫ ھـ‬s.o.,
s.th.); to mar, distort, devaluate,
depreciate, denigrate, degrade (‫ ھـ‬s.th., ‫على‬
for s.o.); to weaken, sap. undermine,
upset, ruin, destroy, foil, thwart, frustrate (
‫ ھـ‬s.th.); to alienate, estrange (‫ على ه‬s.o.
from another; ‫ ھـ على‬s.o. from s.th.), entice
away (‫ على‬s.o., ‫ ھـ‬from s.th.); to sow, or
stir up, dissension (‫ بين‬among); to act
evilly, wickedly; to cause mischief │ ‫افسد‬
‫( عليه امره‬amrahū) to play s.o. a dirty trick
VII = I
 ‫ فساد‬fasād rottenness, spoiledness,
corruption, decay, decomposition,
putrefaction, putridity; depravity,
wickedness, viciousness, iniquity.
immorality; weakness; 712 pervertedness,
wrongness ; incorrectness, imperfection
(of a legal transaction; Isl. Law)
2
‫ مفسدة‬mafsada pl. ‫ مفاسد‬mafāsid cause
of corruption or evil; scandalous deed,
heinous act; pl. ‫ مفاسد‬dirty tricks, malicious
acts, chicaneries │ ‫في المصلحة والمفسدة‬
(maṣlaḥa) in good and bad times, for
better or for worse
‫ افساد‬ifsād thwarting, undermining,
sabotaging
‫ فاسد‬fāsid pl. ‫ فسدي‬fasadī bad, foul,
rotten, spoiled, decayed, decomposed,
putrid; depraved, corrupt, vicious, wicked,
immoral; empty, vain, idle, unsound,
false, wrong; imperfect (legal transaction;
Isl. Law) │ ‫( دور فاسد‬daur) vicious circle,
circulus vitiosus
‫ فسر‬II to explain, expound, explicate,
elucidate, interpret (‫ ھـ‬s.th.), comment (‫ھـ‬
on) V to be explained, interpreted, etc.
(see II); to have an explanation (‫ ب‬in), be
explainable (‫ ب‬with, by) X to ask (‫ ه‬s.o.)
for an explanation (‫ عن‬of), inquire (‫ عن ه‬of
s.o. about), ask (‫ عن ه‬s.o. about); to seek
an explanation (‫ عن‬for)
‫ تفسير‬tafsīr pl. ‫ تفاسير‬tafāsīr2
explanation, exposition, elucidation,
explication, interpretation; commentary
(esp. one on the Koran)
‫ تفسيري‬tafsīrī explanatory, explicatory,
illustrative
‫ تفسرة‬tafsira urine specimen (of a
patient, for diagnosis)
‫ استفسار‬istifsār pl. -āt inquiry, question (
‫ عن‬about)
‫ مفسر‬mufassir commentator
‫ فسطاط‬fusṭāṭ pl. ‫ فساطيط‬fasāṭīṭ2 (large)
tent made of haircloth; tent, pavilion,
canopy; ‫ الفسطاط‬al-fusṭāṭ ancient Islamic
city south of present-day Cairo
‫ فسطان‬fusṭān pl. ‫ فساطين‬fasāṭīn2 see ‫فستان‬
‫ فسفات‬fusfāt phosphate
‫ فسفر‬fasfara and II tafasfara to phosphoresce
‫ فسفر‬fusfur phosphorus
‫ فسفس‬fasfara (coll.; n. un. ‫ )ة‬pl. ‫ فسافس‬fasāfis2
bedbug
‫ فسفوسة‬fasfūsa pl. ‫ فسافيس‬fasāfīs2 pustule,
pimple
‫ فسيفساء‬fusaifisā’ mosaic, mosaic work
‫ فسق‬fasaqa u i (fisq, ‫ فسوق‬fusūq) and
fasuqa u to stray from the right course; to
stray, deviate (‫ عن‬from); to act unlawfully,
sinfully, immorally, lead a dissolute life;
to fornicate (‫ ب‬with) II (Isl. Law) to
declare (‫ ه‬s.o.) to b. a fāsiq (q.v.)
‫ فسق‬fisq sinfulness, viciousness, moral
depravity, dissolute life │ ‫ دور الفسق‬dūr al-
f. brothels
‫ فسوق‬fusūq outrage, iniquity
‫ مفسقة‬malaaqa pl. ‫ مفاسق‬mafāsiq2 brothel
‫ فاسق‬fāsiq pl. ‫ فساق‬fussāq, ‫ فسقة‬fasaqa
godless, sinful, dissolute, wanton,
licentious, profligate, vicious, iniquitous,
nefarious; trespasser, offender, sinner;
fornicator, adulterer; a person not meeting
the legal requirements of righteousness
(Isl. Law)
2
‫ فسقية‬fasqīya, fisqīya pl. -āt, ‫ فساقي‬fasāqīy
fountain; well
1
‫ فسل‬fasl pl. ‫ فسول‬fusūil low, lowly,
ignoble; despicable; false, deceitful
‫ فسل‬lusUIa lowliness; w.akness
‫ فسيلة‬fasīla pl. ‫ فسيل‬fasīl, ‫ فسائل‬fasā’il2
palm seedling, palm shoot
2
‫ فسولية‬fasūlīya = ‫فصوليا‬
‫ فسلجة‬faslaja physiology
‫ فسلجي‬faslajī physiologic(al) 713
(‫ فسو( فسا‬fasā u (fasw, ‫ فساء‬fusā’) to break wind
noiselessly
‫ فاسياء‬fāsiyā’2 dung beetle
‫ فسولية‬fasūliya = ‫فصوليا‬
‫ فسيولوجيا‬fisiyōlōjiyā physiology
‫ فسيولوجي‬fisiyōlōjī physiologic(al);
physiologist
‫ فش‬fašša u (fašš) to cause (‫ ھـ‬a swelling, and
the like) to subside; to go down, subside
(swelling) │ ‫( فش خلقه )غله( في‬kulqahū,
 gillahū) (eg.) to vent one’s anger on …
VII to go down, subside (swelling, and the
like)
‫ فشة‬fišša pl. ‫ فشش‬fišaš (eg., syr.) lung,
lights (of animals)
‫ فاشي‬and ‫ فاشية‬look up alphabetically
‫ فشخ‬fašaka a (fašk) to straddle; to stride, take
large steps
‫ فشخ‬fašk pl. -āt stride, large step
‫ فشر‬fašara u to brag, boast, swagger
‫ فشر‬fašr bragging, swagger, vain
‫ فشار‬fušār bragging, swagger, vain
boasting
‫ فشار‬fišār (eg.) popcorn
‫ فشار‬faššār braggart, swaggerer, vain
boaster
‫ فشفاش‬fašfāš (eg.) lung, lights (of animals)
‫ فشك‬fašak (coll.; n. un. ‫ )ة‬cartridges │ ‫فشك خلبي‬
(kullabī) blank cartridges (Syr.); ‫فشك دخاني‬
(dukānī) smoke cartridges (Syr.)
‫ فشل‬fašila a (fašal) to lose courage, be or
become cowardly or faint-hearted, lose
heart, despair; to be disappointed; to fail,
he unsuccessful (‫ في‬in); to miscarry, go
wrong, fail n and IV to thwart, foil,
frustrate (‫ ھـ‬s.th.) V to fail, be
unsuccessful
‫ فشل‬fašal disappointment, failure, flop,
fiasco
‫ فشل‬fašl, fašil weak, faint-hearted,
cowardly, craven
‫ فاشل‬fāšil failing, unsuccessful, futile,
doomed to failure; no good, worthless
(‫ فشو( فشا‬fašā u (‫ فشو‬fašw, fušuw, ‫ فشي‬fušīy) to
spread, spread about, diffuse, gain ground,
make the rounds, circulate; to be revealed,
he disclosed, he divulged IV to spread,
disseminate, put in circulation (‫ ھـ‬s.th.); to
reveal, disclose, divulge (‫ ھـ‬or ‫ ب‬s.th.) V
to spread, spread about, gain ground, rage
(e.g., a disease)
‫ تفش‬tafaššin spreading, spread, outbreak
‫ فص‬II (eg.) to remove the outer shell (‫ ھـ‬of
s.th.)
‫ فص‬faṣṣ pl. ‫ فصوص‬fuṣūṣ stone of a ring;
clove (of garlic); segment (of an orange);
lobe (anat., bot.); joint; essence │ ‫فص ملح‬
f. milḥ (eg.) lump of salt; ‫بنصه وفصه‬
(naṣṣihī) in the very words, ipsissimis
verbis, literally, precisely
1
‫ فصح‬faṣuḥa u (‫ فصاحة‬faṣāḥa) to be eloquent II
to bring (‫ ھـ‬the language) into literary
form, make (‫ ھـ‬the language) correct
Arabic, purify (‫ ھـ‬the language) IV to
express o.s. in flawless literary Arabic; to
speak clearly, distinctly, intelligibly; to
give expression (‫ عن‬to), express, state
clearly, declare outright, make plain (‫عن‬
s.th.), speak openly, frankly (‫ عن‬about); to
orient, inform (‫ عن ل‬s.o. about); to become
clear, plain, distinct V to affect eloquence,
affect mastery of the language VI = V
‫ فصيح‬faṣīḥ pl. ‫ فصحاء‬fuṣaḥā’2, ‫فصاح‬
fiṣāḥ, ‫ فصح‬fuṣuḥ pure, good Arabic
(language), literary; skillful in using the
correct literary language; clear, plain,
distinct, 716 intelligible (language,
speech); fluent, eloquent
‫ فصاحة‬faṣāḥa purity of the language;
fluency, eloquence
‫ افصح‬afṣaḥ2, f. ‫ فصحى‬fuṣḥā of purer
language; more eloquent │(‫العربية )اللغة‬
‫‘( الفصحى‬arabīya, luga) classical Arabic;
‫ الفصحى‬do.
‫ افصاح‬ifṣāḥ flawless literary Arabic
style; frank statement, open word (‫عن‬
about), open declaration (‫ عن‬of)
‫ مفصح‬mufṣiḥ clear, plain, distinct,
intelligible; cloudless, sunny, bright (day)
2
‫ فصح‬IV to celebrate Easter (Chr.); to celebrate
Passover (Jud.)
‫ فصح‬fiṣḥ, faṣḥ pl. ‫ فصوح‬fuṣūḥ Easter
(Chr.); Pesach, Passover (Jud.)
‫ فصد‬faṣada i (faṣd, ‫ فصاد‬faṣād) to open
a vein; to bleed (‫ ه‬s.o.), perform a
venesection (‫ ه‬on) V to drip (e.g., the face,
‫‘ عرقا‬araqan with perspiration) VII to be
bled, undergo a venesection; to bleed
(nose)
‫ فصد‬faṣd opening of a vein,
bloodletting, venesection, phlebotomy
‫ فصاد‬fiṣād opening of a vein,
bloodletting, venesection, phlebotomy
 ‫ فصادة‬fiṣāda pl. ‫ فصائد‬faṣā’id2
bloodletting, venesection, phlebotomy │
‫ ابو فصادة‬abū f. (eg.) wagtail (zool.)
‫ مفصد‬mifṣad, pl. ‫ مفاصد‬mafāṣid2 lancet
‫ فصفات‬fuṣfāt phosphate
‫ فصفور‬fuṣfūr phosphorus
‫ فصفوري‬fuṣfūrī phosphoric,
phosphorous │ ‫ضياء فصفوري‬
phosphorescence
‫ فصل‬faṣala i (faṣl) to separate, part,
divide, disjoin, divorce, cut off, detach, set
apart, segregate (‫ ه‬،‫ عن ھـ‬s.o. s.th. from); to
separate (‫ بين‬two things or persons); to
isolate (‫ ھـ‬s.th.); to cut, sever, sunder,
interrupt (‫ ھـ‬s.th.); to discharge, dismiss,
fire, sack, expel (‫ من‬or ‫ عن ه‬s.o. from an
office), relieve, divest (‫ من‬or ‫ عن ه‬s.o. of an
office), cashier (‫ ه‬s.o.); to decide (‫ ھـ‬a
controversy, and the like), make a
decision. render judgment (‫ في‬in, about,
with respect to); to fix the price (‫ ھـ‬for
s.th.); -- (‫ فصال‬fiṣāl) to wean (‫ه عن الرضاع‬
the infant from sucking); -- faṣala u (‫فصول‬
fuṣūl) to go away, depart, move away (‫عن‬
or ‫ من‬from), leave (‫ عن‬or ‫ من‬a place), pull
out (‫ عن‬or ‫ من‬of a place) II to divide into
particular sections, arrange in sections,
group, classify, categorize (‫ ھـ‬s.th.); to
present in logical order, set forth in detail,
detail, particularize (‫ ھـ‬s.th.); to make (‫ھـ‬
s.th.) clear, plain, distinct; to make to
measure, cut out (‫ ھـ‬a garment) III to
separate o.s., dissociate o.s., be separated (
‫ ه‬from s.o.), part company (‫ ه‬with); to
haggle, bargain (‫ على ه‬with s.o. for) VII to
separate o.s., disengage o.s., dissociate
o.s. segregate, secede (‫ عن‬from); to be
separated, disjoined, detached, removed,
set aside, cut off (‫ عن‬from), be interrupted;
to be discharged, dismissed, fired, sacked,
cashiered; to retire, resign (‫ من‬or ‫ عن‬from
an office), be relieved, be divested (‫ من‬or
‫ عن‬of an office); to quit, leave (‫ من‬or ‫ عن‬a
political party, and the like)
‫ فصل‬faṣl parting, disjunction,
detachment, severance, sunderance,
cutting off; separation; division, partition;
discharge, dismissal (‫ من‬or ‫ عن‬from an
office); decision, (rendering of) judgment;
-- (pl. ‫ فصول‬fuṣūl) section, part; chapter;
act (of a play); movement (of a symphony,
etc.); article (in a newspaper); class, grade
(school); season │ ‫( فصل الخطاب‬in letters:)
conclusion of the formal greetings by the
words ٧١٥ ‫ اما بعد‬ammā ba‘du; conclusion,
termination; decision; unmistakable
judgment; ‫ بيني وبينك فصل الخطاب‬we’re
through with one another once and for all;
‫( فصل التمثيل‬theater) season; ‫القول الفصل‬
(qaul) the last word, the final decision; ‫يوم‬
‫ الفصل‬yaum al-f. Day of Judgment,
Doomsday
O ‫ فصلة‬faṣla comma │ O ‫فصلة منقوطة‬
semicolon
‫ فصلة‬fiṣla offprint, reprint
‫ فصيل‬faṣīl pl. ‫ فصال‬fiṣāl, ‫ فصالن‬fuṣlān
young (weaned) camel
‫ فصيلة‬faṣīla pl. ‫ فصائل‬faṣā’il genus,
species, family (bot., and the like);
detachment, squad; group, cell (pol.);
platoon, squadron (of heavy arms; mil.) │
‫ فصيلة دم‬f. dam blood group; ‫ فصيلة اإلعدام‬f.
al-i‘dām firing squad, execution squad;
‫ فصيلة االستكشاف‬reconnaissance squad,
patrol
‫ فيصل‬faiṣal decisive criterion;
arbitrator, arbiter
‫ فيصل‬faiṣalīya “Faisal cap”, Iraqi field
cap (formerly, Ir.)
‫ مفصل‬mafṣil pl. ‫ مفاصل‬mafāṣil2 joint,
articulation
‫ مفصلي‬mafṣilī articular
‫ تفصيل‬tafṣīl detailed statement,
elaborate or minute exposition,
particularization, detailing; elaborateness,
minuteness, completeness of detail;
cutting out, cut (of a garment); (pl. -āt,
‫ تفاصيل‬tafāṣīl2) detail, particular │ ‫تفصيال‬
tafṣīlan and ‫ بالتفصيل‬in detail, elaborately,
minutely, circumstantially; ‫ من تفصيل‬...
(with foll. genit.) made to measure by ...;
tailored by ...; ‫ ثياب التفصيل‬tailor-made
clothes; ‫ محبوك التفصيل‬well-fitting
(garment)
‫ تفصيلي‬tafṣīlī detailed, minute,
particular, elaborate; analytic(al); ‫تفصيليا‬
tafṣīlīyan separately, singly, one at a time
│ ‫ المساحة التفصيلية‬land survey
‫ انفصال‬infiṣāl separation;
disengagement, dissociation, withdrawal;
 secession; interruption │ O ‫حرب االنفصال‬
ḥarb al-inf. the American Civil War; ‫انصار‬
‫ االنفصال‬separatists
‫ انفصالي‬infiṣālī separatistic; (pl. -ūn)
separatist
‫ انفصالية‬infiṣālīya aeparatism‫ فاصل‬faṣil
separatory, separating, parting, dividing;
isolating, insulating; decisive, crucial;
conclusive; separation, partition, division,
interruption │ ‫ بال فاصل‬without
interruption, uninterrupted, unbroken;
‫ فاصل الحرارة‬f. al-ḥarāra heat-insulating
(phys.); ‫( مباراة فاصلة‬mubārāh) finals, final
match (sports); ‫( خط فاصل‬kaṭṭ) demarcation
line
‫ فاصلة‬fāṣila pl. ‫ فواصل‬fawāṣil2 partition,
division; interstice, interspace, interval; O
comma; O dash (punctuation mark); end,
rhyme of a Koranic verse
‫ مفصل‬mufaṣṣal set forth or described
minutely, elaborately or in great detail,
detailed, minute, elaborate, circumstantial;
tailor-made, custom-made; ‫مفصال‬
mufaṣṣalan in detail, minutely,
elaborately, circumstantially
‫ مفصلة‬mufaṣṣala pl. -āt hinge
‫ منفصل‬munfaṣl separate, detached
‫ فصم‬fṣama i (faṣm) to cause (‫ ھـ‬s.th.) to
crack, crack (‫ ھـ‬s.th.); to split, cleave (‫ھـ‬
s.th.); pass. fuṣima to be destroyed (house)
VII to have a crack, be cracked; to be
split, be cleft
‫ فصم‬faṣm pl. ‫ فصومات‬fuṣūmāt recess,
niche, chamfer (in walls; arch.)
‫ انفصام‬infiṣām split; O schizophrenia
‫ فصوليا‬faṣūliyā (or ‫ )فصولية‬the common
European bean (Phascolus vulgaris L.;
bot.) 716
‫ فصى‬V to free o.s., rid o.s. (‫ من‬of),
shake off (‫ من‬s.th.)
‫ فض‬faḍḍa (1st pers. perf. faḍaḍtu) u
(faḍḍ) to break (open), pry open, force
open, undo (‫ ھـ‬s.th., e.g., a seal); to break,
snap (‫ ھـ‬s.th.); to scatter, disperse, break
up, rout (‫ ھـ‬s.th.); to perforate, pierce (‫ ھـ‬a
pearl); to conclude, close (‫ ھـ‬a session, and
the like); to dissolve (‫ ھـ‬parliament); to
settle (‫ ھـ‬a conflict, and the like); to shed (
‫ ھـ‬tears) │ ‫( فض بكارتھا‬bakāratahā) to
deflower a girl; ‫ ال فض فوك‬lā fuḍḍ fūka
how well you have spoken! II to plate or
coat with silver, to silver (‫ ھـ‬s.th.) VII to
he opened, be broken, be undone (e.g., a
seal); to be scattered, be dispersed, be
routed; to scatter, disperse, disband, break
up, dissolve; to be concluded, be closed
(session, and the like) VIII to deflwer (‫ ھا‬a
girl)
‫ فض‬faḍḍ opening, breaking, undoing
(e.g., of a real); dispersion, scattering,
breaking up, routing; settlement, settling
(of a dispute); conclusion, closure (e.g., of
a session) │ ‫ فض البكارة‬f. al-bakāra
defloration
‫ فضة‬fiḍḍa silver
‫ فضي‬fiḍḍī silver, silvery, argentic,
argentous, made of silver, like silver;
‫ فضيات‬fiḍḍīyāt silverware │ ‫الجمھورية الفضية‬
(jumhūrīya) Argentina; ‫ الستار الفضي‬the
motion-picture screen, the silver screen
‫ مفض‬mifaḍḍ implement for opening or
breaking open │ ‫ مفض الخطابات‬letter opener
‫ انفضاض‬infiḍāḍ dissolution, breaking
up, dispersal; end, close, conclusion,
closure (e.g., of a session)
‫ افتضاض‬iftiḍāḍ defloration
‫ فضح‬faḍaḥa a (faḍḥ) to disclose or uncover
s.o. (‫ )ه‬faults or offenses, expose, show up,
compromise, shame, disgrace, dishonor (‫ه‬
s.o.); to outshine, eclipse (‫ ھـ‬s.th., e.g., the
moon the stars); to ravish, violate, rape (‫ھا‬
a woman); to disclose, reveal, show, bring
to light, divulge, betray (‫ ھـ‬s.th.) VII to be
exposed, be compromised, be disgraced,
be dishonored VIII to become public,
become known, come to light │ ‫افتضح امره‬
(amruhū) he was exposed
‫ فضح‬faḍḥ exposure, humiliation,
mortification, debasement, degradation,
disgracing, dishonoring
‫ فضيح‬faḍīḥ covered with shame,
exposed, compromised, humiliated,
shamed, disgraced, dishonored;
disgraceful, shameful, infamous,
ignominious
‫ فضيحة‬faḍīḥa exposure, humiliation,
mortification, debasement, degradation,
 disgracing, dishonoring; -- (pl. ‫فضائح‬
faḍā’iḥ2) disgraceful, or scandalous, act or
thing; infamy, ignominy; shame, disgrace,
scandal
‫ فضاح‬faḍḍāḥ divulging secrets,
unearthing shameful things
‫ افتضاح‬iftiḍāḥ disgracefulness,
ignominy, infamy
‫ فاضح‬fāḍiḥ disgraceful, shameful,
infamous, ignominious, dishonorable,
discrediting, scandalous
‫ مفضوح‬mafḍūḥ covered with shame,
exposed, compromised, humiliated,
shamed, disgraced, dishonored;
disgraceful, shameful, infamous,
ignominious
‫ فضفاض‬faḍfāḍ wide, loose, flowing (garment);
ample, abundant; plump, corpulent (girl);
pompous, high-sounding, bombastic
(speech)
‫ فضل‬faḍala u and faḍila a (faḍl) to be surplus,
be in excess, be left (over), remain; --
faḍala u (faḍl) to excel, surpass (‫ على‬or ،‫ھـ‬
‫ ه‬s.o., s.th.); to be excellent, superior,
exquisite, good, be better, be more 717
adequate II to prefer (‫ ه‬،‫ على ھـ‬s.o., s.th. to
s.o., to s.th.), like better (‫ ه‬،‫ ھـ‬s.o., s.th.,
‫ على‬than); to give preference (‫ ه‬،‫ على ھـ‬to
s.o., to s.th. over), set s.o. or s.th. (‫ ه‬،‫)ھـ‬
before or above (‫ )على‬III to contend for
precedence or superiority (‫ ه‬with s.o.) │
‫ فاضل بين شيئين‬to compare two things in
order to determine which deserves
preference IV to confer a benefit (‫على‬
upon s.o.), do (‫ على‬s.o.) a favor, oblige (
‫ على‬s.o.); to present, honor (‫ ب على‬s.o.
with), bestow, confer (‫ ب على‬upon s.o.
s.th.), grant, award (‫ ب على‬to s.o. s.th.) V =
IV; to have the kindness (‫ ب‬of doing or to
do s.th.; or ‫ ف‬fa with finite verb), be so
kind (‫ ب‬as to do s.th.; or ‫ ف‬with finite
verb), deign, condescend, be graciously
disposed (‫ ب‬to do s.th.; or ‫ ف‬with finite
verb); (imperative) tafaḍḍal please! if you
please; to put on house clothes, be dressed
for around the house
‫ فضل‬faḍl pl. ‫ فضول‬fuḍūl surplus,
overplus, excess, superfluity, overflow;
leftover, remainder, remnant, rest; matter
of secondary importance, subordinate
matter; -- pl. ‫ فضول‬that which is
superfluous, redundant or in excess, a
surplus, overplus, superfluity; waste,
refuse; droppings, excrements; --
superiority (‫ على‬over); precedence, priority
(‫ على‬over), preference (‫ على‬to); grace,
favor (‫ على‬to, toward); kindness,
graciousness, amiability; erudition,
culture, refinement; -- (pl. ‫ افضال‬afḍāl)
merit, desert (‫ في‬on behalf of, with respect
to), credit (for, in), service(s) (‫ على‬to);
benefit, favor, gift, present │ ‫فضال عن‬
(faḍlan) beside, aside from ..., not to speak
of …, let alone ..., to say nothing of ...;
‫ فضال عن ذلك‬besides, moreover,
furthermore; ‫ بفضل‬thanks to, owing to, due
to; ‫ من فضلك‬please! if you please; ‫يرجع‬
‫( الفضل في ذلك‬yarji‘u) or ‫الفضل في ذلك عائد‬
‫ عليه‬the merit thereby is his due, he
deserves all the credit for it; ‫ليس بالفضول ان‬
it is not superfluous that ...; ‫فضول األحاديث‬
futile
talk, idle words; ‫( من فضول الكالم ان‬f. il-
kalām) it would be needless talk to ..., it
would be a waste of words if ...
‫ فضلة‬faḍla pl. faḍalāt remnant,
remainder, residue, leftover, rest, surplus,
overplus; waste, scrap, discard, offal,
waste product; pl. excretions (physiol.),
excrements
‫ فضول‬fuḍūl curiosity, inquisitiveness,
officiousness, meddling
‫ فضولي‬fuḍūlī inquisitive, curious; busy-
body, officious, meddlesome; prattler,
chatterer; manager without commission,
uncommissioned agent (Isl. Law)
‫ فضولية‬fuḍūlīya inquisitiveness
curiosity; obtrusiveness, importunity,
officiousness, indiscreetness
‫ فضيل‬faḍīl pl. ‫ فضالء‬fuḍalā’ outstanding,
eminent, very good, first-rate, excellent;
distinguished, deserving; learned, erudite
‫ فضالة‬fuḍāla pl. -āt remnant, remainder,
residue, leftover, rest, surplus, overplus;
offal, refuse, scum
‫ فضيلة‬faḍīla pl. ‫ فضائل‬faḍā’il2 moral
excellence, excellent quality, virtue; merit,
advantage, excellence, exquisiteness │
‫ صاحب الفضيلة‬title of Islamic scholars (as,
for instance, Rector and sheiks of Al
 Azhar University), also preceding the title
of sheik: ‫فضيلة الشيخ‬
‫ افضل‬afḍal2, f. ‫ فضلى‬fuḍlā, pl. m. -ūn,
‫ افاضل‬afāḍil2, f. ‫ فضليات‬fuḍlayāt better,
best; more excellent, preferable, etc.; ‫افاضل‬
(very) excellent, learned men; ‫فضليات‬
‫ السيدات‬f. as-sayyidāt the worthy (or
esteemed) ladies
‫ افضلية‬afḍalīya precedence, priority (‫على‬
over), preference (‫ على‬to. over);
predilection 718
‫ مفضل‬mifḍal pre-eminent, most
outstanding, most excellent, very
generous, very liberal
‫ مفضلة‬mifḍala pl. ‫ مفاضل‬mafāḍil2 house
dress, everyday dress
‫ مفضال‬mifḍāl pre-eminent, most
outstanding, most excellent; very
generous, very liberal
‫ تفضيل‬tafḍīl preference, preferment,
favoring; esteem, high estimation │ ‫اسم‬
‫ التفضيل‬ism at-t. noun of preference =
elative (af‘āl2; gram.)
‫ فضل‬mul/i44la compariaon, weighing
‫ تفضل‬tafaḍḍul deigning, condescension,
complaisance, courteousness, courtesy,
favor, grace │ ‫ لبسة التفضل‬libsat at-t.
careless manner of dressing for around the
house
‫ تفاضل‬tafāḍul rivalry for precedence;
quantitative disparity (of two services
rendered; Isl. Law) │ O ‫حساب التفاضل‬
differential calculus
O ‫ تفاضلي‬tafāḍulī differential (adj.)
‫ فاضل‬fāḍil remaining, leftover, left,
surplus, exceeding, in excess; (pl. ‫فواضل‬
fawāḍil2) remainder, remnant, residue,
rest, leftover, surplus, overplus, excess; --
(pl. -ūn, ‫ فضالء‬fuḍalā’2) outstanding,
eminent, very good, first-rate, superior,
excellent, distinguished, deserving;
learned; man of culture and refinement
‫ مفضل‬mufaḍḍal preferable, preferred
(‫ فضو‬and ‫ فضي( فضا‬faḍā u (‫ فضو‬fuḍūw, ‫فضاء‬
faḍā’) to be or become spacious, wide,
large (space); to be empty, void, vacant II
to empty, void, vacate (‫ ھـ‬s.th.) IV to
come, attain (‫ الى‬to), arrive (‫ الى‬at), reach (
‫ الى‬s.o., s.th.); to lead (‫ الى ب‬s.o. to; ‫ الى‬to,
e.g., to results); to inform, notify (‫ب الى‬
s.o. of), announce (‫ ب الى‬to s.o. s.th.) V to
have free time, have leisure (‫ ل‬for)
‫ فضاء‬faḍā’ vast and unlimited space,
empty space; space (phys.); cosmic space;
sky; vast expanse, vastness, void │ ‫سفينة‬
‫ الفضاء‬spaceship; ‫ رمى به في الفضاء‬to throw
s.th. in the air; -- (pl. ‫ افضية‬afḍiya) open
area, open tract of land, open country
‫ فضائي‬faḍā’ī: ‫ سفينة فضائية‬spaceship
‫ فاض‬fāḍin empty, vacated, vacant;
unoccupied, not busy, at leisure, free (of
commitments)
‫ فطح‬faṭaḥa a (faṭḥ) and II to spread out, make
broad and flat, flatten (‫ ھـ‬s.th.)
‫ افطح‬afṭaḥ2 and ‫ مفطح‬mufaṭṭaḥ broad-
headed, broad-nosed
‫ فطاحل‬faṭāḥil2 (pl. of ‫ فطحل‬fiṭaḥl) important,
outstanding, leading men or personalities,
luminaries, celebrities, stars │ ‫زمن الفطحل‬
zaman al-fiṭaḥl primeval times, preadamic
period
‫ فطر‬faṭara u (faṭr) to split, cleave, break apart (
‫ ھـ‬s.th.); -- (‫ فطور‬fuṭūr) to break the fast,
eat and drink after a fast; to breakfast,
have breakfast; -- (faṭr) to make, create,
bring into being, bring forth (‫ ھـ‬s.th.; of
God); to endow (‫ على ه‬s.o. with; of God);
pass. fuṭira to have a natural disposition (
‫ على‬for); ‫( فطر على‬fuṭira) ... is native of
him, ... is in his nature IV to break the
fast, eat and drink after a fast; to breakfast,
have breakfast V to be split, be cleft, be
broken VII = V; ‫( انفطر بالبكاء‬bi-l-bukā’) to
break into tears
‫ فطر‬faṭr pl. ‫ فطور‬fuṭūr crack, fissure,
rift, cleavage, rupture
‫ فطر‬fiṭr fast breaking │ ‫صدقة الفطر‬
ṣadaqat al-f. almsgiving at the end of
Ramadan (īsl. Law); ‫‘ عيد الفطر‬īd al-f. Feast
of Breaking the Ramadan Feast, or Lesser
Bairam, celebrated on the 1st of Shawwal
‫ فطر‬fuṭr (coll.; n. un.) fungi,
mushrooms 719
‫ فطري‬fuṯrī fungal, fungus, fungi-,
myco- (in compounds); ‫ فطريات‬fuṯrīyāt
parasitic fungi; mushrooms; fungal
cultures │ ‫( المرض الفطري‬maraḍ) mycosis
 ‫ فطرة‬fiṭra creation; (pl. ‫ فطر‬fiṭar) nature,
(natural) disposition, constitution,
temperament, innate character, instinct;
fiṭratan by nature
‫ فطري‬fiṭrī natural; instinctive, native,
inborn, innate │ ‫( اإلنسان الفطري‬insān)
natural man; ‫ الديانات الفطرية‬natural religions
‫ فطور‬faṭūr breakfast
‫ فطير‬faṭīr unleavened; immature,
unbaked; fresh, new, newly made;
unleavened bread
‫ فطيرة‬faṭīra (coll. ‫ فطير‬faṭīr) pl. ‫فطائر‬
faṭā’ir (unleavened) bread; pastry made of
water, flour and shortening (sometimes
with sugar added); a cake-like white bread
(made with eggs and butter; eg.)
‫ فطايري‬faṭāyirī pl. ‫ فطايرية‬faṭāyirīya
(ṭun.) maker or seller of faṭira (see above)
‫ فطاطري‬faṭāṭirī pl. ‫ فطاطرية‬faṭāṭirīya
(eg.) maker or seller of faṭira (see above)
‫ افطار‬ifṭār fast breaking; breakfast; first
meal after sunset during Ramadan
‫ الفاطر‬a-fāṭir the Creator (= God)
‫ فطس‬faṭasa i (‫ فطوس‬fuṭūs) to die II to kill (‫ه‬
s.o.); to suffocate, strangle, choke to death
(‫ ه‬s.o.) VII to become flattened (nose)
‫ فطيس‬faṭīs suffocated, stifled
‫ فطيسة‬faṭīsa pl. ‫ فطائس‬faṭā’is2 corpse,
body; carrion, carcass
‫ افطس‬afṯas2 flat-nosed, snub-nosed
‫ فطم‬faṭama i (faṭm) to wean (‫ ه‬s.o.; an infant or
a young animal) VII to be weaned; to
abstain (‫ عن‬from)
‫ فطام‬fiṭām weaning, ablactation
‫ فطيم‬faṭīm pl. ‫ فطم‬fuṭum weaned
‫ فاطمي‬fāṭimī Fatimid (adj. and n.);
‫ الفاطميون‬the Fatimids
‫ فطن‬faṭina a, faṭana u and faṭuna u (‫ فطنة‬fiṭna)
to be or become clever, smart, discerning,
sagacious, perspicacious, bright, ‫ فعل‬fa‘ala a (fa‘l, fi‘l) to do (‫ ھـ‬s.th.); to act; to
intelligent; to notice, realize, comprehend,
understand (‫ ب‬or ‫ ل‬or ‫ الى‬s.th.); to be or
become aware (‫ ب‬or ‫ ل‬or ‫ الى‬of); to think (
‫ الى‬of s.th.) II to make intelligent (‫ ه‬s.o.);
to make (‫ ه‬s.o.) realize or understand (،‫ب‬
‫ الى‬،‫ ل‬s.th.), explain (‫ الى ه‬،‫ ل‬،‫ ب‬to s.o.
s.th.); to remind(‫ الى ه‬،‫ ب‬s.o. of) V to
comprehend, understand (‫ ل‬s.th.)
‫ فطن‬faṭin clever, smart, astute,
sagacious, perspicacious, bright,
intelligent
‫ فطنة‬fiṭna pl. fitan cleverness,
astuteness, sagacity, perspicacity, acumen,
intelligence
‫ فطن‬faṭin pl. ‫ فطناء‬fuṭanā’2 clever, smart,
bright, intelligent
‫ فطانة‬faṭāna cleverness, smartness
‫ تفطن‬tafaṭṭun intelligence; intellection
‫ فظ‬faẓẓ pl. ‫ افظاظ‬afẓāẓ crude, rude,
coarse, blunt, gruff, impolite, uncivil,
uncouth, boorish, uneducated; -- walrus
‫ فظاظة‬faẓāẓa crudeness, rudeness,
coarseness, bluntness, gruffness,
impoliteness, uncouthness, boorishness
‫ فظع‬faẓa‘a u (‫ فظاعة‬faẓā‘a) to be or
become abominable, detectable, hideous,
ugly, repulsive, disgusting, shooking,
odious, heinous, atrocious, horrid, horrible
X to find (‫ ھـ‬s.th.) abominable. detestable,
etc. (see I); to call abominable, revolting,
shocking (‫ ھـ‬s.th.)
‫ فظع‬fazi‘ abominable, detectable,
hideous, ugly, repulsive, disgusting,
shocking, odious, heinous, atrocious,
horrid, horrible 720
‫ فظيع‬faẓī‘ abominable, detestable,
hideous, ugly, repulsive, disgusting,
shocking, odious, heinous, atrocious,
horrid, horrible
‫ فظاعة‬faẓā‘a pl. ‫ فظائع‬faẓā’i‘2,
abominableness, hideousness, ugliness,
repulsiveness, odiousness, heinousness,
atrocity, horridness, horror; pl. atrocities
‫ مفظع‬mufẓi‘ abominable, detestable,
hideous, ugly, repulsive, disusting,
shocking, odious, heinous, atrocious,
horrid, horrible
perform, some activity; to have an
influence or effect (‫ في‬or ‫ ب‬on), affect (‫في‬
or ‫ ب‬s.o., s.th.); to do (‫ ب‬to s.o., s.th.; ‫في ھـ‬
s.th. with) │ ‫( فعل فيه فعال كريھا‬fi‘lan) to
have an unpleasant effect on s.o. II to scan
(‫ ھـ‬a verse) VI to interact, interplay;
(chem.) to enter into combination, form a
compound; to combine (‫ مع‬with) VII to be
done; to be or become influenced or
affected (‫ ل‬by), be under the influence of
s.o. or s.th. (‫ ;)ل‬to b. agitated, excited,
upset VIII to concoct, invent, fabricate (
‫( كذبا على‬kidban kidban a lie against); to
falsify, forge (‫ ھـ‬s.th., e.g., a handwriting);
to invent (‫ ھـ‬s.th.)
‫ فعل‬fi‘l activity, doing, work, action,
performance; function; -- (pl. ‫ افعال‬af‘āl,
‫ فعال‬fi‘āl) deed, act, action; effect, impact;
-- (pl. ‫ افعال‬af‘āl) verb (gram.); pl. ‫افاعيل‬
afā‘īl2 great deeds, exploits, feats;
machinations │ ‫ فعال‬fi‘lan or ‫ بالفعل‬indeed,
in effect, actually, really, practically; ‫بالفعل‬
out of, because of, due to
‫ فعلي‬fi‘lī actual, factual, real; effective,
efficacious, efficient; practical; de facto;
verbal (gram.)
‫ فعلة‬fa‘a pl. -āt deed, act, action
‫ فعال‬fa‘‘āl effective, efficacious,
efficient
‫ فعالية‬fa‘‘ālīya effectiveness, efficacy,
efficiency; activity
‫ افعل‬af‘al2 more effective, more
efficacious
2
‫ تفعيل‬taf‘īl pl. ‫ تفاعيل‬tafā‘īl foot of a
verse; (poet.) meter
‫ تفاعل‬tafā‘ul pl. -āt interaction,
interplay; formation of a chemical
compound, chemical process. chemical
reaction
‫ انفعال‬infi‘āl (state of) being affected,
acted upon, or influenced, passivity;
stimulation. irritation (biol.); (pl. -āt)
agitation. excitement, excitation,
commotion
‫ انفعالي‬infi‘ālī excitable, irritable,
susceptible (biol.); caused by affect,
affective (philos.)
‫ انفعالية‬infi‘ālīya excitability, irritability
(biol.)
‫ فاعل‬fā‘il efective; efficacious, efficient;
(pl. -ūn) doer, actor, perpetrator; (pl. ‫فعلة‬
fa‘ala) worker, workman, laborer; --
active subject of a verbal clause (gram.) │
‫ اسم الفاعل‬ism al-f. nomen agentis, active
participle (gram.); ‫ ذو راديوم فاعل‬radioactive
‫ فاعلية‬fā‘ilīya effectiveness, efficacy;
activity
‫ مفعول‬maf‘ūl object (gram.); ‫مفعول به‬
do.; -- (pl. ‫ مفاعيل‬mafā‘īl2) effect,
impression, impact; effectiveness, validity
│ ‫ اسم المفعول‬ism al-m. nomen patientis,
passive participle (gram.); ‫ سرى مفعوله‬sarā
maf‘ūluhū to be or become effective, be
valid (‫ على‬for); ‫ ساري المفعول‬sārī l-m. valid
(e.g., an identity card); ‫( مفعول رجعي‬raj‘ī)
retroactive force, retroactivity
‫ منفعل‬munfa‘il excited, agitated, upset;
irritable
‫ مفتعل‬mufta‘al artificial, fabricated,
forged, falsified, false, spurious 720
‫ فعم‬IV to cram, jam, pack, fill to overflowing,
fill up (‫ ب ھـ‬s.th. with)
‫ مفعم‬muf‘am brimful, chock-full, filled
to capacity or overflowing, replete,
overfull, filled entirely, crammed,
jampacked (‫ ب‬with)
‫ افعى‬af‘an f., pl. ‫ افاع‬afā‘in adder, viper, asp
‫ افعوان‬uf‘uwān adder, viper, asp
‫ فغرة‬fugra a u (fagr) to open (‫ ھـ‬the mouth)
wide, gape VII to open wide, be agape
(mouth)
‫ فغرة‬fugra pl. ‫ فغر‬fugar mouth of a
valley
‫ فغفوري‬fagfūrī fine porcelain
‫ فاغية‬fāgiya henna blossom
‫ فقأ‬faqa’a a ( ‫ فق‬faq’) to knock out, gouge out
(‫ ھـ‬an eye); to lance, open (‫ ھـ‬an abscess,
and the like) │ ‫‘( فقأ عينيه‬ainahū) to deal
s.o. (an opponent, an enemy) a heavy
blow, ruin s.o. V to burst, explode, pop
‫ فقحة‬faqḥa pl. ‫ فقاح‬fiqāḥ anus, anal orifice
‫ فقد‬faqada i (faqd, ‫ فقدان‬fiqdān, fuqdān) to fail
to find (‫ ه‬،‫ ھـ‬s.o., s.th.); to lose (‫ ه‬،‫ ھـ‬s.o.,
s.th.); to have lost, miss (‫ھـ‬, s.o., s.th.); not
to have (‫ ھـ‬s.th.), be bereaved (‫ ه‬of s.o.), be
deprived, bereft, destitute (‫ ھـ‬of s.th.); to
mislay, have mislaid (‫ ھـ‬s.th.); to miss (‫ھـ‬
an opportunity, and the like) │ ‫فقد صوابه‬
(ṣawābahū) to go out of one’s mind IV to
cause (‫ ه‬s.o.) to lose or miss or forfeit (‫ھـ‬
 s.th.); to bereave, deprive, dispossess, rob
(‫ ھـ ه‬s.o. of s.th.) V to seek (‫ ھـ‬s.th.), look,
search (‫ ھـ‬for s.th.); to examine, study,
survey, inspect, check, investigate (‫ھـ‬
s.th.); to visit (‫ ھـ‬s.th.), review, inspect (‫ھـ‬
troops, and the like) VIII = V; to miss (,‫ھـ‬
‫ ه‬s.o., s.th.) X to miss (‫ ه‬،‫ ھـ‬s.o., s.th.)
‫ فقد‬faqd loss; bereavement
‫ فقيد‬faqīd lost, missing; dead, deceased;
deceased person │ ‫ فقيد العلم‬f. al-‘ilm one
whose death is deplored by science; ‫الفقيد‬
‫ الراحل‬the deceased
‫ فقد‬fiqdān, fuqdān loss; bereavement │
‫ فقدان الصواب‬f. aṣ-ṣawāb folly, madness;
‫ فقدان الذاكرة‬loss of memory, amnesia
‫ فقش‬faqaāa i (faqš) to break, crush (‫ ھـ‬s.th.)
‫ تفقد‬tafaqqud pl. -āt examination, study,
survey, inspection, check, investigation;
review, inspection (e.g., of troops); visit
‫ افتقاد‬iftiqā examination, study, survey,
inspection, check, investigation; review,
inspection (e.g., of troops); visit
‫ فاقد‬fāqid devoid, destitute, bereft,
deprived (of s.th.; with foll. genitive),
bereaved (of s.o.; with foll. genitive);
-less, un-, in-; loser │ ‫فاقد الشعور‬
unconscious; insensible, senseless; ‫فاقد‬
‫ الضمير‬unconscionable, unscrupulous,
unhesitating; ‫ فاقدو التھذيب‬people without
education, unmannered people
‫ مفقود‬mafqūd lost, missing, nonexistent,
absent, lacking, wanting; missing person
‫ متفقد‬mutafaqqid controller, inspector
‫ فقع‬faqa‘a a to burst, pop, explode II to crack,
‫ فقر‬faqara u i (faqr) to pierce, bore, perforate (
‫ ھـ‬s.th.); -- faqura u (‫ فقارة‬faqāra) to be or
become poor, needy II to pierce, bore,
perforate (‫ ھـ‬s.th.) IV to make poor,
impoverish (‫ ه‬،‫ ھـ‬s.o., s.th.), reduce (‫ ه‬s.o.)
to poverty; to put (‫ ه‬s.o.) in need (‫ الى‬of
s.th.) VIII to become poor; to need (‫الى‬
s.o., s.th.), lack, require (‫ الى‬s.th.), be in
need, be in want (‫ الى‬of s.o., of s.th.)
‫ فقر‬faqr poverty; need, lack, want
‫ فقرة‬fiqra pl. fiqrāt, fiqarāt, ‫ فقر‬fiqar
vertebra; section, paragraph, passage,
article
‫ فقري‬fiqrā spinal, vertebral │ ‫السلسلة‬
‫( الفقرية‬silsila) or ‫‘( العمود الفقري‬amūd) spine,
vertebral column; ‫( حيوانات فقرية‬ḥayawānāt)
vertebrates 722
‫ فقار‬faqār (coll.; n. un. ‫ )ة‬vertebra;
faqār spine, vertebral column
‫ فقير‬faqīr spinal, vertebral │ ‫السلسلة‬
‫( الفقارية‬silsila) spine, vertebral column
‫ فقير‬faqīr pl. ‫ فقراء‬fuqarā’2 poor,
poverty-stricken; poor man, pauper;
mendicant dervish, Sufi mendicant
‫ افتقار‬iftiqār need, requirement, want,
lack (‫ الى‬of)
‫ فقوس‬faqqūs a kind of large cucumber (= ‫)فقوص‬
‫ مفقس‬mifqas pl. ‫ مفاقس‬mafāqis2 incubator
‫ فقش‬faqš: ‫( لوز فقش‬lauz) thin-shelled
almonds
‫ فقص‬II to hatch, incubate (‫ ھـ‬an egg; of a bird)
‫ فقوص‬faqūṣ (coll.; n. un. ‫ )ة‬a kind of
large cucumber
‫ تفقيص‬tafqīṣ hatching, incubation │ ‫آلة‬
‫( لتفقيص البيض‬t. il-baiḍ) or ‫آلة التفقيص‬
incubator
‫ فقط‬II: ‫ فقط الحساب‬faqqaṭa l-ḥisāba to
write the word ‫ فقط‬faqaṭ “only” after the
total on an invoice so as to prevent
fraudulent additions; to spell out the
figures of an invoice
‫ فقط‬faqaṭ only, no more (postpositive);
altogether, total (after figures)
snap, pop VII = faqa‘a
‫ فقاعة‬fuqqā‘a pl. ‫ فقاقيع‬faqāqī‘2 bubble
‫ فاقع‬fāqi‘ bright yellow; bright, intense,
brilliant, vivid (color)
‫ فاقعة‬fāqi‘a pl. ‫ فواقع‬fawāqi‘2 blister,
vesicle; pustule
‫ فقم‬faqima a (faqam, faqm, ‫ فقوم‬fuqūm), faquma
u (‫ فقامة‬faqāma) and VI to be or become
grave, serious, critical, dangerous,
increase dangerously, become aggravated,
reach alarming proportions, come to a
head
‫ فقم‬fuqqam, fuqm (coll.; n. un. ‫ )ة‬seal
(zool.)
 ‫ تفاقم‬tafāqum aggravation, increasing
gravity
‫ فقنس‬faqnas phoenix
‫ فقه‬faqiha a (fiqh) to understand, comprehend (
‫ ھـ‬s.th.); -- faqiha a (fiqh) and faquha u (
‫ فقاھة‬faqāha) to have knowledge, esp.,
have legal knowledge II to teach (‫ ه‬s.o.),
instruct (‫ في ه‬s.o. in) IV to teach (‫ ھـ ه‬s.o.
s.th.), instruct (‫ ھـ ه‬s.o. in s.th.) V to
understand, comprehend (‫ ھـ‬s.th.); to study
the fiqh (q.v.); to apply o.s. to the
acquisition of knowledge (‫ في‬in), study (‫في‬
s.th.), devote one’s studies to (‫)في‬, work at
or on s.th. (‫ ;)في‬to gain information, get a
clear picture, obtain a clear idea
‫ فقه‬fiqh understanding, comprehension;
knowledge; ‫ الفقه‬jurisprudence in Islam,
fiqh │ ‫ فقه اللغة‬f. al-luga (indigenous,
Arabic) philology
‫ فقھي‬fiqhī juristic(al); relating to
jurisprudence in Islam
‫ فقيه‬faqīh pl. ‫ فقھاء‬fuqahā’2 legist,
jurisprudent (and theologian), expert of
fiqh (q.v.); -- (popular usage; eg.,
pronounced fiqī) reciter of the Koran;
elementary school teacher
‫ فك‬fakka (1st pers. perf. fakaktu) u (fakk)
to separate, disjoin, disconnect, sever,
sunder (‫ ھـ‬s.th.); to break (open) (‫ ھـ‬s.th.,
e.g., a seal); to open (‫ ھـ‬s.th., e.g., the
hand); to dislocate, disjoint (‫ ھـ‬s.th., e.g., a
bone); to take apart, disassemble,
dismount, take to pieces, disintegrate,
break up, decompose, dismember,
fragmentize (‫ ھـ‬s.th.); to dismantle, tear
723 down (‫ ھـ‬s.th.); to untie. unbind,
unfasten, undo (‫ ھـ‬s.th.); to detach,
disengage, take off (‫ من ھـ‬s.th. from); to
unbutton (‫ ھـ‬s.th.); to unscrew (‫ ھـ‬s.th.); to
lift, raise (‫ الحجز‬al-ḥajza the confiscation,
‫ عن‬of s.th.); to solve (‫ ھـ‬s.th., e.g., a
problem); (eg.) to change (‫ ھـ‬money); --
fakka (1st pers. perf. fakaktu) u (fakk, ‫فكاكز‬
fikāk, fakāk) to ransom, redeem, buy off,
liberate, emancipate, release, set free (‫ه‬
s.o.); -- fakkka u (fakk, ‫ فكوك‬fukūk) to
redeem (‫ ھـ‬s.th., e.g., a pledge) II to
loosen, unfasten (‫ ھـ‬s.th.); to take to
pieces, take apart, disassemble, dismount (
‫ ھـ‬s.th.); to disrupt, shatter, fragmentize (‫ھـ‬
s.th.) V to be taken apart, be
disassembled, be dismounted; to be
disrupted, be shattered, be fragmentized;
to break apart (e.g., a ship); to split,
fissure, fission, break up, dissolve,
disintegrate, come apart VII to be
separated, be disjoined, be disconnected,
be loosened, be unfastened, be undone, be
untied, be unbound, be unbuttoned, be
unscrewed; to separate o.s., detach o.s.
disengage o.s. (‫ من‬from), rid o.s. (‫ من‬of) │
‫( لم ينفك‬with foll. imperf. or predicative
aco.) not to atop doing, keep doing VIII to
redeem (‫ ھـ‬s.th., e.g., a pledge); to
dissolve, break up, separate, disintegrate,
destroy (‫ ھـ‬s.th.); to snatch away (‫من ھـ‬
s.th. from s.o.)
‫ فك‬fakk redemption (of a pledge); (pl.
‫ فكوك‬fukūk) jawbone, jaw │ ‫ الفك األسفل‬the
lower jaw, mandible; ‫( الفك األعلى‬a‘lā) the
upper jaw, maxilla
‫ فكة‬fakka small change, coins
‫ فكاك‬fikāk, fakāk disengagement;
redemption, liberation, emancipation,
release; ransom
‫ مفك‬mifakk pl. -āt screw driver
‫ تفكيك‬tafkīk fragmentation,
dismemberment, decomposition │ O ‫تفكيك‬
‫ الذرة‬t. ad-darra nuclear fission
‫ تفكك‬tafakkuk fragmentation, breakup,
dissolution, disruption, rupture, disunion,
split; disintegration, decomposition
‫ انفكاك‬infikāk disengagement
‫ افتكاك‬iftikāk redemption (of a pledge)
‫ مفكوك‬mafkūk loose
‫ مفكك‬mufakkak disconnected, disjointed,
incoherent (words, phrases)
‫ فكر‬fakara u i (fakr) to reflect, meditate,
cogitate, ponder, muse, speculate (‫ في‬on),
revolve in one’s mind, think over,
contemplate, consider (‫ في‬s.th.); to think (
‫ في‬of, also ‫ )ب‬II = I; to remind (‫ في‬or ‫ھـ ه‬
s.o. of) IV = I; V to reflect, meditate,
cogitate, ponder, muse, speculate (‫ في‬on),
revolve in one’s mind, think, over,
contemplate, consider (‫ في‬s.th.); to think (
‫ في‬of) VIII = V; to remember, recall,
recollect (‫ ه‬,‫ ھـ‬s.o., s.th.)
 ‫ فكر‬fikr pl. ‫ افكار‬afkār thinking,
cogitation, reflection, meditation,
speculation, contemplation, consideration;
thought, ideas, notion, concept; opinion,
view │ ‫ شارد الفكر‬absent-minded,
distracted; ‫ مشوش الفكر‬mušawwaš al-f.
confused, bewildered, perplexed,
dismayed, embarrassed
‫ فكرة‬fikra pl. ‫ فكر‬fikar thought, idea,
notion, concept; qualm, scruple, demur,
hesitation │ ‫( صاحب الفكرة‬father to the
thought =) the originator, author; ‫على فكرة‬
(eg.) incidentally …, by the way ...,
speaking of ..., apropos (of) ...
‫ فكرى‬fikrī ideational, ideative,
speculative, mental; intellectual
‫ فكير‬fakīr pensive, meditative,
cogitative, thoughtful
‫ تفكير‬tafkīr thinking, cogitation,
meditation, reflection; speculation,
contemplation, consideration; thought 724
‫ تفكر‬tafakkur thinking, cogitation,
meditation, reflection; speculation,
contemplation, consideration
‫ مفكر‬mufakkir thinking, reflecting,
meditating, pondering, musing; pensive,
meditative, cogitative; thinker
‫ مفكرة‬mufakkira notebook │ ‫مفكرة يومية‬
(yaumīya) diary, journal
‫ مفكرات‬mufakarāt thoughts,
considerations
‫ فكش‬fakaša u to sprain VII to be
sprained
‫ فكه‬fakiha a (fakah, ‫ فكاھة‬fakāha) to be
or become gay, merry, cheerful, sportive,
jocular, humorous II to amuse (‫ ه‬s.o.) with
jokes III to joke, jest, make fun (‫ ه‬with),
banter (‫ ه‬s.o.) V to amuse o.s., have fun (‫ب‬
with), be amused (‫ ب‬by); to joke, make
fun
‫ فكه‬fakih gay, merry, gleeful, jolly,
cheerful, sportive, fun-loving, jocular,
humorous; amusing (thing)
‫ فكاھة‬fukāha joking, jesting, fun-
making; humor
‫ فكاھي‬fukāhī humorous, humoristic;
humorist
‫ افكوھة‬ufkūha joking, jesting, fun-
making; humor; pl. ‫ افاكيه‬afākīh2 jokes,
jests, pranks, antics
‫ تفكھة‬tafkiha amusement, exhilaration,
delectation
‫ مفاكھة‬mufākaha bantering talk, joking,
kidding
‫ تفكه‬tafakkuh delight, enjoyment,
amusement, diversion; humorous talk,
joking, banter
‫ فاكه‬fākih gay, merry, gleeful, jolly,
funny; humorous
‫ فاكه‬fākiha (coll.) pl. ‫ فواكه‬fawākih2
fruit(s)
‫ فاكھاني‬fākihānī fruit seller, fruit dealer
2
‫ فل‬falla u (fall) to dent, notch, blunt (‫ھـ‬
s.th., e.g., a sword); to break (‫ ھـ‬s.th.); --
falla to flee, run away │ ‫فل غربه‬
(garbahū), ‫( فل من حدته‬ḥiddatihī) and ‫فل‬
‫ حديده‬to weaken s.o.; to dampen, subdue
s.o.; ‫( فل من شباه‬šabāhu) to weaken s.o. II to
dent, notch, blunt (‫ ھـ‬s.th., e.g., a sword)
‫ فل‬fall pl. ‫ فلول‬fulūl dent, notch, jag; --
fall (for sg. and pl.) pl. ‫ فلول‬fulūl, ‫افالل‬
aflāl, ‫ فالل‬fullāl defeated, vanquished;
scattered remnants of an army
‫ مفلول‬maflūl dented, jagged, notched,
blunt
2
‫ فل‬fill, full (eg.) Arabian jasmine (Jasminum
sambac L.; bot.)
3
‫ فل‬fall, fill cork
4
‫ فلة‬villa pl. -āt villa, country house
‫ فالمنكى‬see ‫فلمنكي‬
‫ فلت‬falata i (falt) to escape (‫ من‬s.o., s.th.;
from), slip away, get away (‫ من‬from s.o.,
from s.th.); to he freed, he set free, be
released, be liberated, he set at liberty; to
let (‫ ه‬،‫ ھـ‬s.o., s.th.) escape or slip away or
get away, let loose, free, release, liberate,
set free, set at liberty (‫ ه‬،‫ ھـ‬s.o., s.th.) IV =
I; V to escape (‫ من‬s.o., s.th.; from), slip
away, get away (‫ من‬from s.o., from s.th.);
to free o.s., extricate o.s. (‫ من‬from); to be
freed, be set free, be released, be liberated,
be set at liberty VII to escape (‫ من‬s.o.,
s.th.; from), slip away, get away (‫ من‬from
s.o., from s.th.); to free o.s., extricate o.s. (
 ‫ من‬from); to he finished (‫ من‬with); to be
freed, he set free, he released, he liberated,
he set at liberty
‫ فلت‬falat escape
‫ فلتة‬falta pl. falatāt unexpected event,
unexpected, turn; extravagance; slip,
oversight, error. lapse; faltatan suddenly,
unexpectedly 725
‫ فالتي‬falātī pl. ‫ فالتية‬falātīya (eg.)
licentious, wanton, dissolute, debauched;
debauchee, libertine, roué, rake; good-for-
nothing, ne’er-do-well
‫ افالت‬aflāt escape
‫ انفالت‬infilāt escape
‫ فالت‬fālit escaped, free, at liberty, at
large; escapee; (pl. ‫ فلتاء‬fu1atā’2)
licentious, wanton, dissolute, debauched;
debauchee, libertine, roué, rake; good-for-
nothing, ne’er-do-well
1 money; scales (of a fish)
‫ فلج‬falaja u i (falj) to split, cleave (‫ ھـ‬s.th.);
pass. fulija to be semiparalyzed II to split,
cleave (‫ ھـ‬s.th.) VII to be semiparalyzed
‫ فلج‬falj pl. ‫ فلوج‬fulūj crack, split, crevice,
fissure, cleft, rift
‫ فالج‬fālij semiparalysis, hemiplegia
‫ مفلوج‬maflūj semiparalyzed, hemiplegic
2
‫ فيلج‬pl. ‫ فيالج‬look up alphabetically
□ ‫ فلجان‬filjān = ‫ فنجان‬finjān
‫ فلح‬falaḥa a (falḥ) to split, cleave (‫ ھـ‬s.th.); to
plow, till, cultivate (‫ األرض‬al-arḍa the
land) │ ‫( ان الحديد بالحديد يفلح‬yuflaḥu) lit.:
iron is cleft with iron, i.e., approx.:
rudeness must be met with rudeness IV
and X to thrive, prosper, become happy;
to have luck or success, be lucky, be
successful ‫ في‬in, with)
‫ فالح‬falāḥ thriving, prosperity;
salvation; welfare; success
‫ فالحة‬filāḥa cultivation, tillage;
agriculture, farming, husbandry
‫ فالح‬fallāḥ pl. -ūn, ‫ فالحة‬fallāḥa tiller of
the soil, husbandman; peasant, farmer,
fellah
‫ فالحة‬fallāḥa pl. -āt peasant woman;
peasant girl
‫ فالحي‬fallāḥī peasant’s, farmer’s,
farming, country, rural, rustic, agricultural
‫ فالح‬fāliḥ lucky, fortunate, successful
‫ مفلح‬mufliḥ lucky, fortunate, successful;
one who prospers, one who is well off
1
‫ فلذة‬filda pl. filadāt, ‫ فلذ‬filad, ‫ افالذ‬aflād a piece
(of meat) │ ‫ فلذة كبذه‬f. kabidihī his own
blood, his own child; ‫ افالذ األرض‬a. al-ard
the hidden treasures of the earth
2
‫ فوالذ‬and ‫ فوالذي‬look up alphabetically
‫ فلور‬look up alphabetically
‫ فلز‬filizz, filazz pl. -āt (nonprecious) metal
‫ فلس‬II to declare (‫ ه‬s.o.) bankrupt or insolvent
IV to be or become bankrupt or insolvent,
to fail; to be ruined
‫ فلس‬fals (colloq. pronounced fils) pl.
‫ فلوس‬fulūs fels, a small coin, in Iraq and
Jordan = 1/1000 of a dinar; pl. ‫( فلوس‬eg.)
‫ تفليس‬taflīs (n. vic. ‫ )ة‬declaration of
bankruptcy; (pl. ‫ تفاليس‬tafālīs2) bankruptcy,
insolvency, failure │ ‫ مأمور التفليسة‬receiver
(in bankruptcy; Eg.)
‫ افالس‬iflās bankruptcy, insolvency,
failure
‫ مفلس‬muflis pl. ‫ مفاليس‬mafālīs2 bankrupt,
insolvent
‫ فلسطين‬filāsṭīn2 Palestine
‫ فلسطيني‬filasṭīnī Palestinian; (pl. -ūn) a
Palestinian
‫ فلسف‬falsafa to philosophize II tafalsafa do.; to
pretend to be a philosopher
‫ فلسف‬falsafa philosophy
‫ فلسفي‬fallafī philosophic(al)
‫ فيلسوف‬failasūf pl. ‫ فالسفة‬falāsifa
philosopher
‫ مفلسف‬mufalsif pl. -ūn philosopher
‫ متفلسف‬mutafalsif philosophaster,
philosophist 726
‫ ڤلط‬volṭ pl. ‫ اڤالط‬avlāṭ volt (el.)
‫ فلطح‬falṭaḥa to make broad, broaden, flatten(‫ھـ‬
s.th.)
‫ فلطاح‬filtāḥ broad, flattened, flat
 ‫ مفلطح‬mufalṭiḥ broad, flattened, flat
‫ فلع‬fala‘a a (fal‘) to split, cleave, rend, tear
asunder (‫ ھـ‬s.th.) II do.
‫ فلع‬fal‘, fil‘ pl. ‫ فلوع‬fulū‘ crack, split,
crevice, fissure, cleft, rift
‫ فلفل‬falfala to pepper (‫ ھـ‬s.th.)
‫ فلفل‬fulful, filfil (coll.; n. un. ‫ )ة‬pepper;
n. un. ‫ فلفلة‬peppercorn │ ‫( فلفل احضر‬ahḍar)
green peppers; ‫ دارفلفل‬dārafilfil (eg.) a
variety of pepper (Piper Chaba Hout.;
bot.)
‫ فلفلي‬fulfulī, filfilī pepperlike, peppery,
pepperish
‫ مفلفل‬mufalfal peppered
‫ فلق‬falaqa i (falq) to split, cleave, rive, sunder,
tear asunder (‫ ھـ‬s.th.); to cause (‫ ھـ‬dawn)
to break, dispel the shadows of night (of
God) II to split, cleave, rive, sunder, tear
asunder (‫ ھـ‬s.th.) V to be split, be cleft, be
torn apart; to split, cleave, crack, fissure,
be or become cracked, be full of cracks or
fissures VII = V; to burst; to break
(dawn); (eg.) infaliq go hang yourself! go
to hell!
‫ فلق‬falq pl. ‫ فلوق‬faq crack, split, crevice,
fissure, cleft, rift
‫ فلق‬falaq daybreak, dawn
‫ فلقة‬filqa pl. ‫ فلق‬filaq one half (of a split
thing)
‫ فلقة‬falaqa a device for holding the legs
of the delinquent during the bastinado
‫ فالق‬fallāq pl. ‫ ة‬bandit, highwayman,
highway robber
2
‫ فليق‬failaq pl. ‫ فيالق‬fayāliq a large
military unit; army corps; corps
1
‫ فلك‬II to have round breasts (girl); (syr.) to
predict the future, prophecy
‫ فلك‬falak pl. ‫ افالك‬aflāk celestial sphere;
celestial body, star; circuit, orbit (of
celestial bodies) │ ‫‘ علم الفلك‬ilm al-f.
astronomy; astrology
‫ فلك‬fulk (m. and f.) ship, (also coll.)
ships; (Noah’s) Ark
‫ فلكي‬falakī astronomic(al); astrologic(al)
(pl. -un, ‫ فلكية‬falakīya) astronomer,
astrologer │ ‫ عالم الفلك‬do.
‫ مفلوك‬maflūk ill-starred, unlucky,
unfortunate
‫ مفلك‬mufallik girl with round breasts
2
‫ فلوكة‬falūka pl. ‫ فالئك‬falā’ik2 sloop, felucca;
boat
‫ فالئكي‬falā’ikī (‫ )فاليكي‬boatman
‫ فلكن‬falkana to vulcanize (‫ ھـ‬s.th.)
‫ فلم‬film pl. ‫ افالم‬aflām film; motion picture │ ‫فلم‬
‫( مجسم‬mujassam) 3 D film; ‫فلم ملون‬
(mulawwan) color film; ‫ فلم ناطق‬sound film
‫ فلمندي‬falamandī Flemish; Fleming
‫ فلمنكي‬falamankī Dutch, Hollandish,
Netherlander
1
‫ فالن‬fulān, f. ‫ فالنة‬fulāna2 (substituting for an
unnamed or unspecified person or thing)
so-and-so
‫ فالني‬fulānī adjective of the above │ ‫في‬
‫ الساعة الفالنية‬at such and such an hour
2
‫ فلين‬look up alphabetically
‫ فلندرة‬falandra Flanders
‫ فلنكة‬falanka pl. -āt (railroad) tie, sleeper (eg.)
‫ فلو‬filw pl. ‫ افالء‬aflā’; ‫ فلو‬faluw, fuluw pl. ‫افالء‬
aflā, ‫ فالوى‬falāwā colt, foal 727
‫ فال‬falan (coll.; n. un. ‫ فالة‬falāh) pl. ‫فلوات‬
falawāt, ‫ افالء‬aflā’ waterless desert; open
country; open space
‫ المفالي‬al-mafālī the pastures, the
grazing grounds
‫ فلور‬filūr fluorine (chem.)
O ‫ مفلور‬mufalwir fluorescent
1
‫ فلى‬falā i (faly) to delouse, search for lice (‫ھـ‬
s.th.); to examine, scrutinize, investigate (
‫ ھـ‬s.th.) II to delouse, search for lice, rid of
lice (‫ ھـ‬s.th.) V to louse o.s.
‫ فالية‬fāliya spotted dung beetle;
touchhole (of old-time firearms)
2
‫ فليا‬fulayyā = ‫( فلية‬see below)
‫ الفليبين‬al-filībīn the Philippine Islands
‫ فلين‬fallīn and ‫ فلينة‬fallīna cork
‫ فليه‬, ‫ فلية‬fulayya (eg.) pennyroyal (Mentha
pulegium L.; bot.)
‫ فليون‬falyūn godchild (Chr.)
‫ فم‬fam (construct state also ‫ فو‬fū) pl. ‫ افواه‬afwāh;
(eg.) fumm pl. ‫ افمام‬afmām mouth; muzzle;
orifice, aperture, hole, vent; mouth,
embouchure (of a river), head (of a canal,
etc.); mouthpiece (esp., of a cigarette, of a
pipe, etc.); cigarette holder │ ‫ فم الحوت‬fam
al-ḥūt star α in the constellation Piecis
Australis, Fomalhaut; ‫ آالت الفم‬wind
instruments
‫ فن‬II to diversify, vary, variegate (‫ ھـ‬s.th.),
bring variety or diversity (‫ ھـ‬into s.th.); to
mix, mingle, jumble (‫ ھـ‬s.th.) V to be or
become manifold, multifarious, varied,
variegated, diverse, many-sided, versatile;
to use different kinds; to be a specialist, an
expert, a master (‫ في‬in a field), master (‫في‬
s.th.) VIII = V
‫ فن‬fann pl. ‫ فنون‬funūn, ‫ افنان‬afnān, ‫افانين‬
afānīn2 kind, specimen, variety; pl. ‫افانين‬
Various sides (of s.th.), diversity │ ‫افانين‬
‫ من‬all kinds of, sundry, various; ‫الجنون فنون‬
(junūn) insanity has many varieties,
manifests itself in many ways; -- (pl. ‫فنون‬
funūn) scientific discipline, field of work,
special field, specialty; art │ ‫الفن الحربي‬
(ḥarbī) art of war, strategy; ‫ الفنون الجميلة‬or
‫ الفنون الرفيعة‬or O ‫الفنون المستظرفة‬
(mustaẓrafa) the fine arts; ‫ فن المكتبات‬f. al-
maktabāt library science; ‫الفن الصحفي‬
(ṣuḥfī) science of journalism; journalism
‫ فني‬fannī specialist(ic); expert,
professional; technical; artistic(al);
tactical, strategic(al); technician; artist
‫ فنية‬fannīya artistry
‫ فنن‬fanan pl. ‫ افنان‬afnān branch, twig (of
a tree), of a shrub)
‫ فنان‬fannān pl. -ūn artist │ O ‫عامل فنان‬
pl. ‫‘( عمال فنانون‬umm`al) artistic
handicraftsman, commercial artist
‫ فنانة‬fannāna woman artist
‫ افنون‬ufnūn pl. ‫ افانين‬afānīn2 branch, twig
(of a tree)
‫ تفنن‬tafannun diversity, variety,
multiplicity, multifariousness; many-
sidedness, versatility (‫ في‬in); varied
activity, activity in various fields;
mastery; skillful, workmanlike or chic
manner
‫ افتنان‬iftinān diversity, variety,
multiplicity, multifariousness; many-
sidedness, versatility (‫ في‬in); varied
activity, activity in various fields; mastery
‫ متفنن‬mutafannin many-sided, versatile
‫ مفتن‬muftann masterful, expert,
mastering one’s field
‫ فنار‬fanār pl. -āt lighthouse
‫ فنجال‬finjāl pl. ‫ فناجيل‬fanājīl2 = ‫فنجان‬
‫ فنجان‬finjān and ‫ فنجانة‬finjāna pl. ‫فناجين‬
fanājīn2 cup; coffee cup │ ‫جعل زوبعة في‬
٧٢٨ ‫( فنجان‬zauba‘alan) to cause a tempest
in a teapot
‫ فنجر‬fanjara: ‫‘( فنجر عينيه‬ainaihi) to stare, glare
(‫ في‬at s.o., at s.th.)
‫ فنخ‬fanaka a to squeeze (‫ ھـ‬s.th.); to invalidate,
nullify, void (‫ ھـ‬s.th.); to break (‫ ھـ‬a
contract, an agreement)
‫ فند‬II to call (‫ ه‬s.o.) a liar, prove (‫ ه‬s.o.) wrong,
disprove, confute, refute, rebut (‫ ه‬،‫ ھـ‬s.o.,
s.th.); to classify, specify (‫ ھـ‬s.th., e.g., the
items of an invoice); to detail,
particularize, itemize (‫ ھـ‬s.th.) IV to prove
(‫ ه‬s.o.) wrong; to disprove, confute, refute,
rebut (‫ ه‬،‫ ھـ‬s.o., s.th.)
‫ فندق‬funduq pl. ‫ فنادق‬fanādiq2 hotel, inn
‫ فنار‬pl. -āt look up alphabetically
‫ فانوس‬pl. ‫ فوانيس‬look up alphabetically
‫ فنط‬II to detail, particularize, itemize, enumrate
item by item (‫ ھـ‬s.th.)
‫ فنطاس‬finṭās pl. ‫ فناطيس‬fanāṭīs2 water tank,
reservoir, cistern; large container
‫ فنطيس‬finṭīs pl. ‫ فناطيس‬fanāṭīs2 broad-
nosed
‫ فنطيسة‬finṭīsa pl. ‫ فناطيس‬fanāṭīs2 snout
(of swine)
‫ فنغراف‬funugrāf pl. –āt phonograph
‫ فنق‬V to live in ease and affluence
1
‫ فنك‬fanak fennec (zool.)
2
‫ فنيك‬look up alphabetically
‫ فنلندا‬finlandā Finland
‫ فنلندي‬finlandī Finnish; Finn
‫ فني‬faniya a (‫ فناء‬fanā’) to pass away, perish,
cease to exist, come to nought; to come to
 an end, cease, wane, dwindle, evanesce,
vanish; to be extinguished, become
extinct; to be exhausted, be consumed, be
spent; to undergo obliteration of the self; ‫ فھم‬fahima a (fahm, faham) to understand,
to become totally absorbed (‫ في‬by) │ ‫ال‬
‫ يفنى‬imperishable, inexhaustible IV to
annihilate, bring to nought, ruin, destroy (
‫ ه‬،‫ ھـ‬s.o., s.th.); to exhaust, consume, wear
out, spend (‫ ه‬،‫ ھـ‬s.o., s.th.); to cause (‫ھـ‬
s.th.) to become absorbed or consumed (‫ھـ‬
by) VI to annihilate each other; to be
consumed (‫ في‬by), lose o.s. (‫ في‬in),
identify o.s. completely (‫ في‬with); to
dedicate o.s. with heart and soul, give o.s.
over wholeheartedly (‫ في‬to some activity)
‫ فناء‬fanā’ passing away, cessation of
being; perdition, ruin, destruction,
annihilation; evanescence, vanishing,
termination, extinction; exhaustion;
nonbeing, nonexistence, nonentity;
extinction of individual consciousness,
recedence of the ego, obliteration of the
self (myst.)
‫ فناء‬finā’ pl. ‫ افنية‬afniya courtyard; open
space in front or at either side of a house;
open hall │ ‫ رحابة فناء‬raḥābat al-f.
hospitable reception, generous
entertainment; ‫( سار يخطو في فناء الغرفة‬yakṭū,
f. il-gurfa) he walked about the room
‫ افناء‬ifnā’ annihilation, ruination, ruin,
destruction
‫ تفان‬tafānin mutual annihilation; self-
denial, self-sacrifice (in an activity)
‫ فان‬fānin evanescent, transitory,
transient, ephemeral, vain; exhausted; far
advanced in years, very old
‫ فنيقي‬finīqī Phoenician
‫ فنيقية‬finīqīya2 and ‫ فنيقيا‬finīqiyā
Phoenicia
‫( فنيك‬Fr. phénique) finīk phenol, carbolic acid,
also ‫حامض الفنيك‬
‫ فھاھة‬fahāha weakness, impotence
‫ فھد‬fahd pl. ‫ فھود‬fuhūd, ‫ افھد‬afhud lynx (also the
term for cheetah and panther) 729
‫ فھرس‬fahrasa (‫ فھرسة‬fahrasa) to compile an
index (‫ كتابا‬for a book), to index (‫ كتابا‬a
book)
‫ فھرس‬fihris and ‫ فھرست‬fihrist pl. ‫فھارس‬
fahāris2 table of contents, index;
catalogue; list
comprehend, realize (‫ ھـ‬s.th.); to note (‫ھـ‬
s.th.), take note, take cognizance (‫ ھـ‬of
s.th.); to hear, learn (‫ ھـ من‬of s.th. from),
be informed (‫ ھـ من‬of s.th. by); ‫ فھم عنه‬to
understand s.o., understand what s.o. says
or means │ ‫( يفھم ان‬yufhamu) it is reported,
it is said that …, we understand that ... II
to make (‫ ه‬s.o.) understand or see (‫ ھـ‬s.th.),
instruct (‫ ه ھـ‬s.o. in s.th.), give (‫ ھـ ه‬s.o.
s.th.) to understand IV = II; V to try to
understand or comprehend (‫ ھـ‬s.th.); to
understand gradually, come to understand
(‫ ھـ‬s.th.); to penetrate, fathom (‫ ھـ‬s.th.); to
understand, comprehend (‫ ھـ‬s.th.) VI to
understand one another; to communicate
with each other; to reach an
understanding, come to an agreement,
come to terms (‫ مع‬with, ‫ على‬in, about); to
be comprehended, be understood VIII to
understand, comprehend (‫ ھـ‬s.th.) X to
inquire (‫ عن‬or s. of s.o. about s.th.), ask (
‫ عن‬or ‫ ھـ‬s.o. s.th. or about s.th.)
‫ فھم‬fahm pl. ‫ افھام‬afhām understanding;
comprehension. grasp; perceptive faculty,
perceptivity; brains, intellect;
discernment, acumen, penetration, insight,
intelligence │ ‫ سوء الفھم‬sū’ al-f.
misapprehension, misunderstanding
‫ فھم‬fahim quick-witted, of acute
discernment
‫ فھيم‬fahīm pl. ‫ فھماء‬fuhamā’2 discerning,
judicious, sensible, intelligent
‫ فھامة‬fahāma very understanding,
extremely sympathetic
‫ تفھيم‬tafhīm instruction, orientation
‫ تفھم‬tafahhum gradual understanding;
understanding, comprehension, grasping,
grasp
‫ تفاھم‬tafāhum mutual understanding,
mutual agreement, concurrence, accord;
understanding (‫ مع‬with, ‫ على‬on, about);
agreement, arrangement (‫ مع‬with) │
‫ سوء التفاھم‬sū’ at-t. (mutual)
misunderstanding, discord, disharmony,
dissension
 ‫ استفھام‬istifhām inquiry (‫ عن‬about; also
‫ ;)على‬question │ ‫‘ عالمة االستفھام‬alāmat al-
ist. question mark
‫ استفھامي‬istifhāmī interrogative (gram.)
‫ مفھوم‬mafhūm understood;
comprehensible, intelligible,
understandable; known; sense, meaning,
signification; (pl. ‫ مفاھيم‬mafāhīm2) notion,
concept │ ‫ بالمفھوم‬in the literal sense,
literally; unequivocally, unambiguously,
clearly; ‫ المفھوم ان‬it is said, it is reported
that …
‫ فو‬fū see ‫ فم‬fam
‫( فوال‬Fr.) fuwāl voile (dress material)
‫ فوة‬fuwa (eg.) madder (Rubia tinctorum L.;
bot.)
‫ )فات )فوت‬fāta u (faut, ‫ فوات‬fawāt) to pass away,
vanish; to be over, be past; to go by s.o. (
‫)ه‬, pass s.o. (‫ ;)ه‬to escape, elude (‫ ه‬s.o.),
slip away; to abandon, give up, leave
behind, relinquish (‫ ھـ‬s.th.); to anticipate,
forestall (‫ ه‬s.o.); to exceed, surpass (‫ب ه‬
s.o. by) │ ‫( فات الوقت‬waqt) it is (too) late;
‫ فاته ان‬it escaped him that ...; he omitted,
neglected, failed, or forgot to ...; he failed
to see that ..., he overlooked the fact that
…; ‫( لم يفته ان‬yafuthu) he did not fail to ...,
he did not neglect to ...; ‫ فاتته الفرصة‬fātatu
l-furṣatu he missed the opportunity; ‫فاته‬
‫ القطار‬he missed the train II to make (‫ھـ‬
s.th.) escape (‫ على‬s.o.); to cause (‫ على‬s.o.)
to miss (‫ ھـ‬s.th.); to let (‫ ه‬s.o.) pass; to
alienate, sell (‫ ھـ‬s.th., tun.) IV to make 730
(‫ ھـ‬s.th.) escape (‫ ه‬s.o.); to make (‫ ه‬s.o.)
miss (‫ ھـ‬s.th.) VI to differ, be different, be
dissimilar VIII to offend against s.th. ( 1
‫)على‬, act contrary to (‫)على‬, belie, betray (
‫ على‬s.th.)
‫ فوت‬faut escape; -- (pl. ‫ افوات‬afwāt)
distance, interval; difference
‫ فوات‬fawāt passing, lapse │ ‫ فوات األجل‬f.
al-ajal the passing of the appointed time,
expiration of the deadline; ‫( الفوات بالمدة‬bi-
l-mudda) superannuation; ‫بعد فوات الوقت‬
‫( ))األوان‬f. il-waqt, il-awān) too late; ‫قبل‬
‫ )فوات الوقت )األوان‬before it is too late
‫ فويت‬fuwait (m. and f.) one following
his, or her, own opinion only, acting in
his, or her, way only
‫ تفويت‬tafwīt pl. -āt alienation, transfer,
sale (tun.)
‫ تفاوت‬tafāwut difference, dissimilarity,
disparity, contract; disharmony
‫ افتيات‬iftiyāt treason (‫ على‬to), betrayal (
‫ على‬of), offense (‫ على‬against)
‫ فائت‬fā’it past, elapsed (time); passing;
transitory, transient; passerby
‫ متفاوت‬mutafāwit different
‫( فوتوغرافيا‬It. fotografia) fotūgrāJfiyā
photography
‫ فوتوغرافي‬fotūgrāfiya photographic;
photographer
‫( فوتيه‬Fr. fauteuil) fūtēh pl. -āt armchair,
fauteuil
‫ فوج‬fauj pl. ‫ افواج‬afwāj group, crowd, troop,
band; detachment; party; shift (in a mine);
battalion (Ir. till 1922; Syr., Leb.);
regiment (Ir. since 1922); ‫ افواجا‬afwājan in
droves, in crowds │ ‫ تبدل الفوج‬tabaddul al-
f. change of shift
‫ )فاح )فوح‬fāḥa u (fauḥ, ‫ فوحان‬fawaḥān) to
diffuse an aroma, exhale a pleasant odor,
be fragrant; to spread, diffuse, emanate
(fragrance) │ ‫( فاح منه شذا القداسة‬šāda l-
qadāja) he was reputed to be a holy man
‫ فوحة‬fauḥa fragrant emanation, breath
of fragrance
‫ فواح‬fawwāḥ exhaling, diffusing
(fragrance)
‫ فود‬faud pl. ‫ افوھد‬afwād temple; hair around the
temples
‫ )فار )فور‬fāra u (faur, ‫ فور‬fawarān) to boil,
simmer, bubble; to boil over (also fig.); to
effervesce, fizz; to flare up, burst into
passion; to gush forth, well forth, gush up,
shoot up (water from the ground) II to
make (‫ ھـ‬s.th.) boil (also fig., e.g., the
blood); to excite, stir up (‫ ھـ‬s.th.) IV to
make (‫ ھـ‬s.th.) boil
‫ فور‬faur boiling, simmering, bubbling,
ebullition, etc. (see I); ‫ فورا‬fauran at once,
right away, instantly, forthwith, on the
spot, without delay, promptly,
immediately, directly; ‫ فور‬faura (prep.)
immediately after │ ‫ من الفور‬or ‫من فوره )من‬
‫ فورھا‬etc.) or ‫ على الفور‬at once, right away,
 instantly, forthwith, on the spot, without
delay, promptly, immediately, directly
‫ فورى‬faurī prompt, instantaneous,
instant, immediate, direct
‫ فورة‬faura flare-up, outburst, tantrum
‫ فوار‬fawwār boiling up, ebullient;
effervescent, fizzing; bubbling (spring,
etc.); foaming, frothy; hot-headed,
irascible
‫ فوارة‬fawwāra spring, fountain, jet
d’eau
‫ فوران‬fawarān boiling, simmering,
bubbling, ebullition; flare· up, outburst
‫ فائرة‬fā’ira uproar, riot; commotion,
agitation, excitement 731
2
‫ فار‬pl. ‫ فيران‬and ‫ فارة‬look up alphabetically
‫ فورشة = فورشة‬furša
‫( فورشينة‬It. forcina) furšīna hairpin
‫ فوريقة = فاوريقة‬look up alphabetically
‫ )فاز )فوز‬fāza u (fauz) to be successful,
be victorious, triumph; to attain, achieve,
accomplish, obtain, gain, win (‫ ب‬s.th.); to
defeat, beat (‫ على‬an opponent, ‫ ب‬with;
sports, etc.); to escape (‫ من‬s.th.) │ ‫ما فاز‬
‫( بطائل‬bi-ṭā’ilin) to fail, be unsuccessful,
accomplish nothing II to cross the desert,
travel through or in the desert
‫ فوز‬success, triumph, victory;
obtainment, attainment, achievement,
accomplishment; escape
‫ مفازة‬mafāza pl. -āt, ‫ مفاوز‬mafāwiz2
desert
‫ فائز‬fā’iz successful, victorious,
triumphant; victor, winner
‫ فائزة‬fā’iza victress, winner
‫ فاس‬fās = ‫ فأس‬fa’s
‫ فوسفات‬fusfāt phosphate
‫ فاشي‬and ‫ فاشية‬look up alphabetically
‫ )فاق )فوق‬fāqa u (fauq, ‫ فواق‬fawāq) to surpass,
‫ فوصفور‬fuṣfūr phosphorus
‫ فوض‬II to entrust, consign, commit (‫ ھـ ل‬or ‫الى‬
to s.o. s.th.); to entrust, charge (‫ ھـ ل‬or ‫الى‬
s.o. with), commission s.o. (‫ ل‬or ‫ )الى‬to do
s.th. (‫ ;)ھـ‬to authorize, empower, delegate
(‫ ل‬or ‫ الى‬s.o.), give full power (‫ ل‬or ‫ الى‬to
s.o.) ill to negotiate (‫ ھـ‬s.th.), treat, parley,
confer (‫ في‬on, about, ‫ مع‬،‫ ه‬with) VI to
negotiate or treat or parley with one
another, confer (‫ في‬on, about); to negotiate
(‫ في‬s.th.), treat, parley, confer (‫ في‬on,
about; ‫ مع‬with)
‫ فوضى‬fauḍā disorder, disarray,
confusion, tohubohu, chaos; anarchy
‫ فوضوي‬fauḍawī anarchic; chaotic
‫ فوضوية‬fauḍawīya anarchism
‫ تفويض‬tafwīḍ entrustment, commitment,
consignment, commission(ing), charging;
authorization, empowerment, delegation
of authority; authority, warrant,
authorization, mandate, mandatory power,
procuration, proxy, power of attorney │
‫( )تفويض مطلق )تام‬muṭlaq, tāmm) general
power of attorney, unlimited authority;
‫ وثيقة التفويض‬warrant of attorney
‫ مفاوضة‬mufāwaḍa pl. -āt negotiation,
parley, talk, conference; partnership (Isl.
Law) │ ‫ فتح باب المفاوضات‬to open
negotiations
‫ مفوض‬mufawwaḍ authorized agent,
deputy, proxy, mandatory; commissioner
│ ‫ وزير مفوض‬minister plenipotentiary
(dipl.); ‫( المفوض السامي‬sāmī) the High
Commissioner (formerly in Syr.)
‫ مفوضية‬mufawwaḍīya pl. -āt legation
(dipl.); commissariat │ ‫المفوضية العليا‬
(‘ulyā) the High Commissariat (formerly
in Syr.); ‫ مستشار المفوضية‬mustašār al-m.
counselor of legation (dipl.)
‫ فوطة‬fūṭa pl. ‫ فوط‬fuwaṯ apron. pinafore; napkin,
serviette; towel
‫ فوعة‬fau‘a: ‫ فوعة الشباب‬fau‘at aš-šbāb prime of
youth
‫ فوف‬fūf pellicle, membrane
‫ فوفة‬fūfa pellicle, membrane
‫ مفوف‬mufawwaf: ‫( ثوب مفوف‬taub) white-
striped garment
excel, overtop (‫ ه‬،‫ ھـ‬s.o., s.th.), tower (،‫ھـ‬
‫ه‬above); to be superior (‫ ه‬to s.o.); to
outweigh, outbalance; to transcend,
exceed (‫ ھـ‬s.th.); -- to remember (‫ على‬s.th.)
│ ‫ فاق بنفسه )فووق‬fuwūq, ‫ فواق‬fuwāq) to give
up the ghost, expire, die II to direct, level (
‫ الى ه‬a weapon at), aim (‫ الى ھـ‬s.th. at); 732
to (a)waken, wake up, revive, restore to
consciousness (‫ ه‬s.o.); to clear, sober (‫ھـ‬
the head); to remind (‫ ه‬s.o.) IV to recover,
recuperate, convalesce (‫ من‬from), regain
health; to wake up, awake; to get up (‫من‬
‫ النوم‬min an-naum from sleep); to be
awake; to come to, regain consciousness (
‫ من‬after, e.g., after a swoon, after a state of
intoxication); to awaken, arouse, stir up (
‫ من ه‬s.o. from) V to be superior (‫ على‬to),
surpass, excel, overtop (‫ على‬s.o., s.th.).
tower (‫ على‬above); to do excellent work,
show outstanding skill (‫ ب‬in, with); to
pass an examination with distinction (‫ ل‬in
a course) X to recover, recuperate,
convalesce (‫ من‬from), regain health; to
wake up, awaken; to get up (‫ من النوم‬min
an-naum from sleep); to be awake; to
come to, regain consciousness (‫ من‬after,
e.g., after a swoon, after a state of
intoxication)
‫ فوق‬fauqu (adv.) up, upstairs, on top,
above; fauqa (prep.) above, over; on, on
top of; beyond, more than │ ‫ فوق الحد‬f. al-
ḥadd boundless, unlimited, infinite,
excessive, exaggerated; ‫ فوق ذلك‬moreover,
besides, furthermore, in addition to that,
beyond that; ‫( فوق البنفسجي‬banafsajī)
ultraviolet; ‫ فوق الطبيعة‬supernatural; ‫فوق‬
‫ العادة‬extraordinary, unusual, exceptional;
special, emergency (e.g., meeting); ‫فوق انه‬
in addition to the fact that it ..., beyond its
being ...; ‫ فما فوقه‬and upward, and more
(than that); ‫ من فوقه‬min fauqihī above it;
from above it, from atop it
‫ فوقاني‬fauqānī located higher or above,
higher, upper
‫ فاقة‬fāqa poverty, want, neediness,
indigence
‫ فواق‬fuwāq hiccup(s); gasping of a
dying person, death rattle
‫ افاويق‬afāwīq2 (pl. of ‫ فيقة‬fīqa) milk
(gathering in the udder between two
milkings); (fig.) boons, kindness,
benefactions │ ‫ ارضعني افاويق بره‬arḍa‘anī
a. birrihī he showered me with kindnesses
‫ افاقة‬ifāqa recovery, recuperation,
convalescence; awakening; revival,
restoration to consciousness
‫ تفوق‬tafawwuq superiority;
preponderance, predominance,
ascendancy, supremacy; above-average
performance, talent │ ‫تشجيع التفوق‬
promotion of young talent
‫ فائق‬fā’iq superior; surpassing,
excellent, exquisite, first-rate; outstanding,
remarkable, striking; pre-eminent;
exceeding, extraordinary; going far
beyond (a restriction, etc.); awake,
waking, wakeful
‫ مفيق‬mafīq awake, waking, wakeful
‫ متفوق‬mutafawwiq superior; surpassing,
excellent, exquisite, first-rate, outstanding,
remarkable, striking; pre-eminent; victor
‫ مستفيق‬mustafīq awake, waking, wakeful
‫ فول‬fūl (coll.; n. un. ‫ )ة‬pl. -āt bean(s); broad
bean(s), horse bean(s) │ ‫( فول مدمس‬eg.,
mədammis) cooked broad beans with oil
(national dish in Egypt); ‫فول سوداني‬
(sūdānī) peanut(s)
‫ فوال‬fawwāl seller of beans
‫ فوالذ‬fūlād steel
‫ فوالذي‬fūlādī and ‫ فالذي‬fulādī steel (adj.),
of steel, made of steel; steely, steel-like,
steel-hard
‫ فولت‬volt volt (el.)
‫ فوم‬fūm = ‫ ثوم‬tūm
‫ فونوغراف‬funūgrāf pl. -āt phonograph
‫ )فاه )فوه‬fāha u (fauh) to pronounce, utter,
voice, say (‫ ب‬s.th.) V = I
‫ افواه‬afwāh pl. of ‫ فم‬fam; -- ‫ افواه‬afwāh,
‫ افاويه‬afāwīh aromatic, spices 733
‫ فوة‬fuwa (eg.) madder (Rubia tinctorum
L.; bot.)
‫ فوھة‬fūha pl. -āt, ‫ افواه‬afwāh, ‫فوائه‬
fawā’ih2 mouth; opening, aperture, orifice,
hole, vent; muzzle; crater; abyss, gulf,
chasm; hydrant (syr.)
‫ افوه‬afwah2 broad-mouthed
‫ مفوه‬mufawwah eloquent
‫ في‬fī (prep.) in; at; on; near, by; within, during;
among, in the company of, with; about,
on; concerning, regarding, with reference
to, with regard or respect to, as to j
 dealing with, treating of, consisting in (in
book titles); for the sake of, on behalf of,
because of, for; according to; in
proportion to; (as to syntactical regimen
see under the respective verb) │ ‫ھل لك في‬
... do you feel like ...? would you like
to ...? do you want to ...? ‫ خمسة في ثالثة‬five
times three; ‫ خمسة امتار في عشرة‬five meters
by ten (width and length); ‫كذب في كذب‬
(kidb) lie after lie; ‫( كالم في كالم‬kalām) just
so many words, idle talk; ‫نحن اقارب في اقارب‬
our social relations are those of kinsfolk;
‫ فيما مضى‬fīmā maḍā or ‫فيما مضى من الزمان‬
(zamān) in the past; formerly, before; ‫فيما‬
‫( يلي‬yalī) and ‫( فيما بعد‬ba‘du) in the
following, in what follows, below; ‫فيما اعتقد‬
(a‘taqidu) as I believe; ‫ فيما بينھم‬among
themselves, among them; ‫تبسم في خبث‬
tabassama fī kubt he smiled maliciously
‫ فيما‬fīmā (conj.) while; in that, as │ ‫فيما‬
‫ اذا‬in case that …, if
1
‫ )فاء )فيأ‬fā’a i (‫ فيء‬fai’) to return; to shift from
west to east (shadow) II to afford shadow,
be shady (tree) IV to give as booty (‫ھـ على‬
to s.o. s.th.); to give, afford, grant, award (
‫ ھـ على‬to s.o. s.th.), bestow (‫ ھـ على‬upon
s.o. s.th.) V to shade o.s. (‫ في‬or ‫ ھـ‬with
s.th.), seek shade (‫ في‬or ‫ ھـ‬under s.th.)
‫ فيء‬fai’ pl. ‫ افياء‬afyā’, ‫ فيوء‬fuyū’
(afternoon) shadow
2
‫ فئة‬see ‫فئ‬
‫ فيتامين‬fītāmīn pl. -āt vitamin
‫ فيتنام‬viyetnām Vietnam
‫ فيتو‬vītō, vētō veto (pol.) │ ‫ حق الفيتو‬ḥaqq al-v.
veto power (pol.)
‫ فيتون‬faitūn phaeton (light four-wheeled
carriage)
2 2
‫ افيح‬afyaḥ , f. ‫ فيحاء‬faiḥā’ fragrant, redolent,
aromatic, sweet-smelling; wide, vast,
extensive; ‫ الفيحاء‬epithet of Damascus
‫ فياح‬fayyāḥ heavy-scented, strong-
smelling
(‫ )فيد‬IV to benefit, help, avail (‫ ه‬s.o.), be of use,
of help, bring advantages (‫ ه‬to s.o.), be
useful, helpful, beneficial, profitable,
advantageous (‫ ه‬for s.o.); to teach (‫ ھـ ه‬s.o.
s.th.); to notify, advise (‫ ب‬or ‫ ھـ ه‬s.o. of),
acquaint (‫ ب‬or ‫ ھـ ه‬s.o. with s.th.), inform (
‫ ب‬or ‫ ھـ ه‬s.o. of, about), let (‫ ه‬s.o.) know (‫ب‬
or ‫ ھـ‬about); to report (‫ ب‬or ‫ ھـ‬s.th., also,
e.g., to the police; ‫ بان‬or ‫ ان‬that); to
acquire, gain, win (‫ ھـ‬s.th.); to derive
benefit, profit, or advantage (‫ من‬from),
profit, benefit (‫ من‬by), turn (‫ من‬s.th.) to
account or advantage; (gram.) to convey a
complete, self-contained meaning X to
acquire, gain, win (‫ ھـ‬s.th.); to learn, be
told, be informed (‫ ھـ‬about); to derive
benefit profit, or advantage (‫ ب‬or ‫من‬
from), profit, benefit (‫ ب‬or ‫ من‬by), turn (‫ب‬
or ‫ من‬s.th.) to account or advantage; to
utilize, turn to profitable use, use (‫ ب‬or ‫من‬
s.th.), make use (‫ ب‬or ‫ من‬of s.th.); to
gather, conclude, deduce, infer (‫ من‬from)
‫ افيد‬afyad2 more useful; more profitable
‫ افادة‬ifāda utility, usefulness, benefit,
advantage; (pl. -āt) notice, notification,
communication, information, message;
734 testimony, deposition (in court) │ ‫افادة‬
‫ االستالم‬acknowledgment of receipt
‫ استفادة‬istifāda utilization, use
‫ فائدة‬fā’ida pl. ‫ فوائد‬fawā’id2 utility,
avail, benefit, advantage; gain, profit;
interest (on money); useful lesson, moral;
use (e.g., of a medicine)
‫ مفيد‬mufīd useful, beneficial,
advantageous; favorable, profitable;
instructive
‫ مفاد‬mufād contents, substance, purport,
meaning (e.g., of an article) │ ‫اشاعة مفادھا‬
‫ ان‬išā‘atun mufāduhā an a rumor to the
effect that ...
‫ فيدرالي‬fīdirālī federalistic │ ‫( دولة فيدرالية‬daula)
federal state
‫ فيروز‬fairūz and ‫ فيروزج‬fairūzaj turquoise
‫ فيروز‬vairus pl. -āt virus
‫ ڤيزا‬، ‫( فيزا‬Engl.) vīzā visa
‫ فيزياء‬fīziyā’ physics
‫ فيزيائي‬fīziyā’ī physical
‫ فيسيولوجيا‬fīsiyōlōjiyā physiology
1
‫(فيش‬Fr. fiche) fīš pl. -āt (electric) plug (syr.)
2
‫ فياش‬fayyāš braggart, show-off, self-inflated
person
‫ فيصل‬faiṣal see ‫فصل‬
‫ )فاض )فيض‬fāḍa i (faiḍ, ‫ فيضان‬fayaḍān) to
overflow, flow over, run over; to inundate,
flood, deluge (‫ على‬s.th.); to flow, stream,
pour forth, issue, emanate; to abound,
super abound, be abundant, plentiful,
superabundant; -- (faiḍ) to spread (of
news); -- (faiḍ, ‫ فيوض‬fuyūḍ): ‫ فاضت روحه‬or
‫( نفسه‬rūḥuhū, nafsuhū) to give up the ghost
IV to pour forth; to fill (‫ ھـ‬s.th.) to
overflowing; to pour, pour out, pour forth
(‫ على ھـ‬s.th. over), shed (‫ ھـ‬s.th., esp.
tears); to be prolix, long-winded, verbose (
‫ في‬in one’s speech); to abandon o.s.
without restraint (‫ في‬to s.th.); to speak or
report extensively, in detail, at great
length (‫ ب‬about), dwell (‫ ب‬on), describe in
detail (‫ ب على‬to s.o. s.th.); to pronounce
distinctly (‫ ب‬a word) X to pour forth.
spread (‫ على‬over), flood (‫ على‬s.th.); to
spread (of news); to be superabundant, be
too much; to be elaborate, complete in
detail, exhaustive, thorough
‫ فيض‬faiḍ flood, inundation, deluge;
emanation; superabundance, plenty,
copiousness, abundance; (pl. ‫ فيوض‬fuyūḍ)
stream
‫ فياض‬fayyāḍ overflowing, effusive,
exuberant; elaborate, exhaustive (speech);
munificent, bountiful, liberal, generous │
‫ فياض الخاطر‬brilliant, overflowing with
ideas
‫ فيضان‬fayaḍān flood, inundation, deluge
│ ‫ فيضان النبل‬the annual inundation of the
Nile
‫ مفيض‬mafīḍ outlet, vent, drain; escape,
way out │ ‫ ليس لنا منه مفيض‬we cannot help
doing it, we cannot but do it; ‫ال يجد مفيضا من‬
(yajidu) he must by all means ...; ‫ال يجد‬
‫ مفيضا الى الكالم‬he can’t find an opportunity
to speak freely
‫ افاضة‬ifāḍa elaborateness, detailedness,
exhaustiveness
‫ استفاضة‬istifāḍa (super)abundance,
plenty; profusion
‫ فائض‬fā’iḍ abundant, copious, plentiful,
profuse, superabundant; surplus; (pl.
‫ فوائض‬fawā’iḍ2) interest (on money)
‫ مستفيض‬mustafīḍ elaborate, detailed,
extensive, exhaustive, thorough
□ ‫ فايظ )> فائض‬see above) fāyiẓ usury (eg.)
‫ فايظجي‬fāyiẓgī usurer (eg.)
‫ فيفاء‬faifā’2 pl. ‫ فياف‬fayāfin desert
‫( فيكونت‬Fr. vicomte) vikōnt and (Engl.)
vaikaunt viscount 735
1
‫ )فال )فيل‬fāla i (‫ فيولة‬fuyūla, ‫ فيلولة‬failūla) to be
erroneous (view)
2
‫ فيل‬fīl pl. ‫ فيلة‬fiyala, ‫ فيول‬fuyūl, ‫ افيال‬afyāl
elephant; bishop (chess) │ ‫ سن الفيل‬sinn al-
f. ivory
‫ فيال‬villā pl. ‫ فيالت‬villa, country house
‫ ديدان الفيالريا‬dīdān al-fīlāriyā filaria (zool.)
‫ الفيلبين‬al-fīlibīn the Philippines
‫ فيلج‬failaj, ‫ فيلجة‬failaja pl. ‫ فيالج‬fayālij2 cocoon
of the silkworm
‫ فيلسوف‬failasūf pl. ‫ فالسفة‬falāsifa philosopher
‫ فيلق‬failaq pl. ‫ فيالق‬fayāliq2 large military unit;
army corps; corps
‫ فيلم = فلم‬film film
‫ فيلولوجيا‬fīlōlōjiyā philology
‫ فيم‬fīma = ‫ فيما‬fī-mā why? wherefore?
‫ فيما‬fīmā see ‫في‬
‫ فينة‬faina pl. -āt time, point of time, instant,
moment │ ‫( الفينة بعد الفينة‬al-fainata), ‫الفينة‬
‫ بعد األخرى‬al-fainata ba‘da l-ukrā, ‫بين الفينة‬
‫ في الفينة بعد الفينة‬، ‫ والفينة‬from time to time,
now and then, once in a while, at times,
sometimes
‫ فينان‬fainān having beautiful, luxuriant
hair; luxuriant, long, flowing (hair)
‫ فيينا‬،‫( فينا‬It. Vienna) fiyennā, viyēnnā Vienna
‫ فينوس‬fīnūs Venus
‫ فينيسيا‬fīnīsiyā Venice
‫ فينيقي‬fīnīqī Phoenician; (pl. -ūn) a Phoenician
‫ فھيق‬II tafaihaqa to be prolix, long-
winded, circumstantial
‫ فيھقة‬faihaqa prolixity, long-windedness
‫ الفيوم‬al-fayyūm El Faiyūm (town in N
Egypt)

‫ق‬
‫ ق‬abbreviation of ‫ دقيقة‬daqīqa minute
‫ قادس‬qādis2 Cádiz (seaport in SW Spain)
‫ قادوس‬qādūs pl. ‫ قواديس‬qawādīs2 water-wheel
bucket, scoop (used in irrigation; Eg.)
‫( قازوزة‬It. gasosa) gāzūza soda water (saud.-
ar.)
‫ قاشاني‬qāšānī faïence; porcelain, china
‫ قاف‬qāf name of the letter ‫ ق │ جبل القاف‬jabal
al-q. in Islamic cosmology, name of the
mountains surrounding the terrestrial
world
1
‫ قاقلة‬qāqulla cardamom (bot.)
2 qawāwīq2 a kind of high headgear made of
‫ قاقلى‬qāqullā a variety of saltwort (Salsola
fruticos; bot.)
‫ قاقم‬qāqum ermine
‫ قالب‬qālab, qālib pl. ‫ قوالب‬qawālib2 form; mold;
cake pan; model; matrix; last, boot tree,
shoe tree │ ‫( قالب جبن‬jubn) a (chunk or loaf
of) cheese; ‫( قالب سكر‬sukkar) sugar loaf;
‫( قالب صابون‬ṣābūn) a cake or bar of soap;
‫( قلبا وقالبا‬qalban) with heart and soul;
inwardly and outwardly
‫( قالوش‬Fr. galoche) galōš pl. -āt galosh,
overshoe
2
‫ قاموس‬qāmūs pl. ‫ قواميس‬qawāmīs ocean;
dictionary, lexicon
‫ احمر قان‬aḥmar2 qān(in) blood-red, deep-red
‫ قانئ‬qāni‘ blood-red, deep-red (=‫ قان‬qānin)
‫ قانون‬qānūn pl. ‫ قوانين‬qawānīn2 canon;
established principle, basic rule, axiom,
norm, regulation, rule, ordinance,
prescript, precept, statute; law; code; tax,
impost; (Tun.) tax on olives and dates; a
stringed musical instrument resembling
the zither, with a shallow, trapezoidal
sound box, set horizontally before the
performer │ ‫( القانون األساسي‬asāsī) basic
constitutional law; statutes; ‫قانون التأسيس‬
statutes, constitution; ‫( القانون الجنائي‬jinā’ī)
criminal law; penal law; ‫قانون األحوال‬
‫( الشخصية‬šakšīya) personal statute; ‫القانون‬
‫( الدستوري‬dustūrī) constitutional law; ‫القانون‬
‫( الدولي‬duwalī) international law; ‫قانون‬
‫ المرافعات‬q. al-murāfa‘āt code of procedure
(jur.; Eg.); ‫قانون اصول المحاكمات الحقوقية‬
(Syr.); ‫ قانون السلك اإلداري‬as-silk al-idārī
administrative law; ‫( قانون كيماوي‬kīmāwī)
chemical formula; ‫( القانون المدني‬madanī)
civil law
‫ قانوني‬qanūnī canonical; legal, statutory;
lawful, legitimate, licit, accordant with
law or regulations, valid, regular; legist,
jurisprudent, jurist │ ‫( صيدلي قانوني‬ṣaidalī)
certified and licensed pharmacist; ‫غير‬
‫ قانوني‬gair q. illegal
‫ قانونية‬qānūnīya legality, lawfulness
‫ قاورمة‬qāwirma (eg.) mutton or beef cut in
small pieces and braised with squash
(qar‘) or onions and tomatoes
‫ قاوق‬qāwuq and ‫ قاووق‬qāwūq pl. ‫قواويق‬
felt
‫ قاوون‬qāwūn melon
‫ قايش‬qāyiš pl. ‫ قوايش‬qawāyiš leather thong,
strap, belt, girth; strop
1
‫ قب‬qabba u (qabb) to chopoff, cut off (‫ ھـ‬s.th.,
e.g., the hand); to straighten up, draw o.s.
up, become erect; to rise, ascend; to stand
on end, bristle (hair)
‫ قب‬qabb pl. ‫ اقب‬aqubb hub, nave (of a
wheel); lever, beam (of a balance)
‫ قبة‬qubba pl. ‫ قباب‬qibāb, ‫ قبب‬qubab
cupola, dome; cupolaed structure, dome-
shaped edifice; domed shrine, memorial
shrine, kubba (esp., of a saint) │ ‫قبة الجرس‬
q. al-jaras belfry, bell tower; ‫ قبة اإلسالم‬q.
al-islām epithet of the city of Basra
‫ مقبب‬muqabbab cupolaed, domed,
spanned by a cupola or dome; convex
2
‫قب‬qabba pl. -āt collar (of a garment)
‫ قبج‬qabj, qabaj (coll.; n. un. ‫ )ة‬pl. ‫ قباج‬qibāj a
kind of partridge
‫ قبح‬qabuḥa u (qubḥ, qabḥ, ‫ قباحة‬qabāḥa) to be
ugly, repulsive, repugnant, disgusting
(physically or morally); to be
ignominious, infamous, shameful,
disgraceful, foul, vile, base, mean II to
make ugly, repulsive, or repugnant,
disfigure (‫ ه‬s.o., ‫ ھـ‬s.th.); to denounce
s.o.’s action (‫‘ عليه فعله‬a. fi‘lahū) as ugly,
 ignominious, infamous, shameful, or
disgraceful; to censure, rebuke (‫عليه فعله‬
s.o. for his action) X to find (‫ ه‬،‫ ھـ‬s.o.,
s.th.) ugly, repugnant, or repulsive, find (
‫ ھـ‬s.th.) ignominious, infamous, shameful,
disgraceful, foul, vile, base, or mean; to
disapprove (‫ ھـ‬of s.th.), dislike (‫ ھـ‬s.th.)
‫ قبح‬qubḥ, qabḥ ugliness; ignominy,
infamy, shamefulness │ ‫ قبحا له‬shame on
him!
‫ قبيح‬qabīḥ pl. ‫ قباح‬qibāḥ, ‫ قباحى‬qabāḥā,
‫ قبحى‬qabḥā ugly, repulsive, repugnant,
disgusting (physically or morally);
ignominious, infamous, shameful,
disgraceful, foul, vile, base, mean;
impudent, shameless, insolent, impertinent
‫ قبص‬qabaṣa i (qabṣ) to take up with finger and
‫ قبيحة‬qabīḥa pl. ‫ قبائح‬qabā’iḥ2, ‫ قباح‬qibāḥ
abomination, shameful deed, dirty trick,
low act
‫ قباحة‬qabāḥa ugliness; ignominy,
infamy, shamefulness 737
‫ قبض‬qabaḍa i (qabḍ) to seize, take, grab,
‫ اقبح‬aqbaḥ2 uglier; more infamous;
fouler, viler
‫ مقابح‬maqābiḥ2 ugly traits, repulsive
qualities
1 receive, collect (‫ ھـ‬s.th., e.g., money); to
‫ قبار‬qubbār, qabbār capers (bot.)
2
‫ قبر‬qabara u i (qabr, ‫ مقبر‬maqbar) to bury,
inter, entomb (‫ ه‬,‫ ھـ‬s.o., s.th.)
‫ قبر‬qabr pl. ‫ قبور‬qubūr grave, tomb,
spulcher
‫ قبر‬maqbar pl. ‫ مقابر‬maqābir2 tomb,
burying place, burial ground; cemetery,
graveyard
‫ مقبرة‬maqbura, maqbara pl. ‫مقابر‬
maqābir2 tomb, burying place, burial
ground; cemetery, graveyard
‫ مقبري‬maqburī, maqbarī caretaker of a
cemetery; gravedigger
3
‫ قبر‬qubbar (coll.; n. un. ‫ )ة‬lark (zool.)
‫ قبرص‬qubruṣ2 and ‫ قبرس‬qubrus2 Cyprus
‫ قبرصي‬qubruṣī Cyprian, Cypriote (adj.
and n.); ‫ القبارصة‬al-qabāriṣa the Cypriotes
‫ قبس‬qabasa i (qabs) to derive, acquire, loan,
borrow, adopt, take over (‫ من ھـ‬s.th. from)
VIII to take, or seek to take, fire (‫ من‬from,
also ‫ ;)نارا من‬to acquire or seek to acquire
knowledge (‫ من‬from, also ‫ ;)علما من‬to learn
(‫ ھـ‬s.th.); to loan, borrow, adopt, take over
(‫ من‬or ‫ ھـ عن‬s.th. from)
‫ قبس‬qabas firebrand; live coal
‫ قبسة‬qabsa firebrand
‫ قابوس‬qābūs nightmare
‫ اقتباس‬iqtibās learning, acquisition (of
knowledge); loaning, loan, borrowing
(fig); adoption, taking over, acceptance,
adaptation (of a literary text or passage);
quotation, citation (of another’s literary
work or ideas)
‫ مقتبسات‬muqtabasāt loans, borrowings
(fig.)
thumb (‫ ھـ‬s.th.), take a pinch (‫ ھـ‬of s.th.)
‫ قبصة‬qabṣa, qubṣa as much as may be
taken between the finger and the thumb, a
pinch
grasp, grip, clasp, clutch (‫ على‬or ‫ ب‬or ‫ ه‬،‫ھـ‬
s.o., s.th.), take hold, take possession (‫على‬
or ‫ ب‬or ‫ ه‬،‫ ھـ‬of); to hold (‫ ه‬،‫ ب ھـ‬،‫ على‬s.o.,
s.th.); to apprehend, arrest (‫ على‬s.o.); to
contract, constringe (‫ ھـ‬s.th.); to constipate
(‫ البطن‬al-baṭna the bowels); to oppress,
deject, dishearten, dispirit, depress (‫ ه‬s.o.);
pass. qubiḍa or ‫ قبضت روحه‬qubiḍat rūḥuhū
to die │ ‫ قبضه ﷲ‬or ‫( قبض ﷲ روحه‬rūḥahū)
God made him die; ‫( قبض يده عن‬yadahū) to
keep o.s. from seizing s.o. or s.th.; to be
ungenerous, be stingy toward; ‫قبض الصدر‬
‫( ))النفس‬ṣadr, nafs) to oppress, deject,
dishearten, dispirit, depress II to contract,
constringe (‫ ھـ‬s.th.); to give (‫ ھـ‬s.th.) into
s.o.’s (‫ )ه‬possession; to pay (‫ ھـ‬a price) │
‫( )قبض الصدر )النفس‬ṣadr, nafs) to oppress,
deject, dishearten, dispirit, depress V to
contract, become contracted; to shrink,
shrivel; to be constipated (bowels) VII =
V; to be received; to shut o.s. off (‫عن‬
from, to), close one's mind (‫ عن‬to); to be
dejected, depressed, dispirited, ill at ease,
also ‫( انقبض صدره‬ṣadruhū)
‫ قبض‬qabḍ gripping, grasping, seizing,
seizure, holding; taking possession,
appropriation; apprehension, arrest (‫ على‬of
s.o.); receiving, receipt (esp., of money);

contraction, constriction, constipation │
‫( القبض والدفع‬daf‘) revenues and
expenditures; ‫( القى القبض عليه‬alqā l-qabḍa)
to arrest s.o.
‫ قبضة‬qabḍa pl. qabaḍāt seizure; grip,
hold, clasp, grasp; handful; (Eg.) a 738
linear measure of 12.5 cm; -- (pl. ‫قباض‬
qibāḍ) handle, haft, hilt │ ‫ قبضة اليد‬q. al-
yad fist; ‫ في قبضته‬in s.o.’s possession, in
s.o.’s hands, in s.o.’s power; ‫في قبضة يده‬
do.; ‫ وقع في قبضته‬to fall into s.o.’s hands
‫ قبضة‬qubḍa pl. ‫ قبض‬qubaḍ handful
‫ قباضة‬qibāḍa raising, collecting, levying
(of funds, of taxes)
‫ قبضاى‬qabaḍāy pl. -āt (syr., leb.)
strong-arm (esp. one serving as bodyguard
for politicians and prominent
personalities); tough, bully
‫ مقبض‬maqbiḍ, miqbaḍ pl. ‫مقابض‬
maqābḍ2 handle, haft, hilt
‫ مقبض‬miqbaḍ pl. ‫ مقابض‬maqābiḍ2
handle, knob, grip (also, e.g., of a walking
stick)
‫ تقابض‬taqābuḍ (Isl. Law) a reciprocal
taking possession (of a commodity and its
monetary equivalent by buyer and seller
respectively)
‫ انقباض‬inqibāḍ contraction, shriveling,
shrinking, shrinkage; constipation (of the
bowels); oppression, anguish, anxiety,
dejectedness, depression, low spirits,
gloom, also ‫ انقباض الصدر‬inq. aṣ-ṣadr
‫ قابض‬qābiḍ constipating, costive
(med.); grievous, distressing,
embarrassing; receiver, recipient; gripper,
clamp, claw, catcher, tongs, holder
(techn.); (pl. -ūn, ‫ قباض‬qubbāḍ) (tax)
collector │ ‫‘( عضلة قابضة‬aḍala) flexor;
‫( قابض على األمر‬amr) ruler, potentate
‫ مقبوض‬maqbūḍ: ‫ مقبوض عليه‬person under
arrest; (pl. -āt, ‫ مقابيض‬maqābīḍ2) revenue
(fin.)
‫ منقبض‬mungabiḍ oppressed, worried,
dispirited, disheartened, downcast,
dejected, depressed, ill at ease │ ‫منقبض‬
‫ )الصدر )النفس‬m. aṣ-ṣadr (or an-nafs) do.
1
‫ قبط‬II ‫( قبط وجھه‬wajhahū) to knit the brows,
frown, scowl, glower
2
‫ القبط‬al-qibṭ, al-qubṭ pl. ‫ األقباط‬al-aqbāṭ the
Copts
‫ قبطي‬qibṭī, qubṭī Coptic; Copt
3
‫ قبطان‬qubṭān pl. ‫ قباطين‬qabāṭīn2, ‫ قباطنة‬qabāṭina
captain (of a ship and, in Tun., as a
military rank = Fr. capitaine)
‫ قبع‬qaba‘a a (‫ قبوع‬qubū‘) to retract the head
(hedgehog); to crouch, squat, sit; -- (qab‘,
‫ قباع‬qibā‘, qubā‘) to grunt (hog); to
trumpet (elephant); -- (qab‘) to drink in
hasty gulps (eg.)
‫ قبعة‬qubba‘a pl. -āt hat; cap; (syr.)
small felt cap
‫ مقبع‬muqabba‘ wearing a bat, hatted
‫ قبقب‬qabqaba to swell, bulge
‫ قبقاب‬qabqāb pl. ‫ قباقيب‬qabāqīb2 wooden
clog, patten │ ‫ قبقاب انزالق‬skate
‫ قباقيبي‬qabāqībī: ‫( مسمار قباقيبي‬mismār)
small nail, blue tack (eg.)
‫ قبل‬qabila a (‫ قبول‬qabūl, qubūl) to accept (‫ ب‬or
‫ ه‬،‫ ھـ‬s.o., s.th.); to receive (kindly,
hospitably) (‫ ه‬s.o.), give (‫ ه‬،‫ ھـ‬s.o., s.th.) a
friendly reception, receive (‫ ھـ‬s.th.)
favorably, approve (‫ ه‬،‫ ھـ‬of s.o., of s.th.);
to acquiesce (‫ ھـ‬in s.th.), put up (‫ ھـ‬with
s.th.), agree, consent, assent (‫ ھـ‬to, also ‫;)ب‬
to admit (‫ ه‬،‫ في ھـ‬s.o., s.th. to); to obey (‫من‬
s.o.), yield, give in (‫ من‬to s.o.), submit to
s.o.’s (‫ )من‬command; -- qabila a and
qabala u i (‫ قبالة‬qabāla) to guarantee,
vouch, be surety (‫ ب‬for) │ ‫قبل الذھاب معي‬
(dahāba) he was willing to go with me;
qabila with acc. of a maṣdar frequently
corresponds to an English adjective in
-able, -ible, -ive, -al, e.g., ‫داء يقبل الشفاء‬
(šifā’a) a curable disease, ‫بضائع تقبل االلتھاب‬
(highly) combustible merchandise; ‫اثمان ال‬
‫( تقبل المزاحمة‬muzāḥamata) prices that are
beyond competition; ‫( قبل شكا‬šakkan) to
admit doubt II to kiss (‫ ه‬،‫ ھـ‬s.o., s.th.);
(eg.) to go 739 south(ward) III to b. or
stand exactly opposite s.o. or s.th. (‫ ه‬،‫)ھـ‬,
be face to face (‫ ه‬،‫ ھـ‬with); to confront,
face, counter (‫ ه‬s.o.; ‫ ھـ ب‬s.th. with, e.g., a
situation with caution); to meet (‫ ه‬s.o.; ‫ب‬
‫ ھـ‬s.th., e.g., a danger, with, by); to
encounter (‫ ه‬s.o.), run across s.o. (‫ ;)ه‬to
visit (‫ ه‬s.o.), call on s.o. (‫ ;)ه‬to meet, get
together, have a talk or interview (‫ ه‬with
s.o.); to interview (‫ ه‬s.o.); to receive (in
audience) (‫ ه‬s.o.), grant an audience (‫ ه‬to
s.o.); to receive (‫ ھـ‬،‫ ب‬s.o., s.th. with, e.g.,
a news with joy); to repay, return, requite
(‫ ب ھـ‬s.th. with); to compare, collate (‫على‬
or ‫ ب ھـ‬s.th. with) │ ‫قابله على الرحب والساعة‬
(raḥb, sā‘a) to welcome s.o. or s.th.; ‫قابله‬
‫( بالمثل‬bi-l-mitl) to return like for like IV to
turn forward; to draw near, come close to
s.o. or to a place (‫)على‬, approach (‫ على‬s.o.,
a place); to advance (‫ على‬to, toward); to
turn (‫ على‬to. toward); to embark, enter (‫على‬
upon s.th.), engage (‫ على‬in); to give one’s
attention, devote o.s. (‫ على‬to s.o., to s.th.),
dedicate o.s., apply o.s., attend (‫ على‬to
s.th.), occupy o.s. (‫ على‬with); to take an
interest, become or be interested (‫ على‬in);
to go, come (‫ الى‬to); to be abundant (crop);
(with foll. imperf.) to begin to do │ ‫اقبل‬
‫( عليه الدھر‬dahru) or ‫( اقبل عليه الدنيا‬dunya)
luck is on his side, fortune smiles on him
V to accept, receive (‫ ھـ‬s.th.); to hear,
grant (‫ دعاءه‬du‘ā’ahū s.o.’s prayer; of
God) VI to be opposite each other, face
each other; to meet (e.g., two persons); to
get together, have a meeting; meet (‫مع‬
with); to be compared, be collated VIII to
receive (‫ ه‬،‫ ھـ‬s.o., s.th.); to apply o.s.
gladly and willingly (‫ ھـ‬to s.th.) X to turn
one’s face (‫ ه‬،‫ ھـ‬to s.o., toward s.th.); to go
to meet, to meet (‫ ه‬s.o.); to face, confront,
meet (‫ ه‬،‫ ھـ‬s.o., s.th.); to take upon o.s.,
assume (‫ ھـ‬s.th.); to receive (‫ ه‬a visitor, a
guest; ‫ ھـ‬s.th., e.g., a radio broadcast)
‫ قبل‬qablu (adv.) or ‫ من قبل‬min qablu and
‫ قبال‬qablan previously, formerly, earlier,
before; ‫( من ذي قبل‬qablu), ‫( عن ذي قبل‬after a
comparative) ... than before; qabla (prep.)
before, prior to │ ‫ قبل كل شيء‬qabla kull
šai’in first of all, above all; ‫ من قبل‬min
qabli before, prior to; ‫( قبل ان‬conj.) before
‫ قبلئذ‬qabla’idin previously, formerly,
once, in former times
‫ قبيل‬qubaila (prep.) shortly before, prior
to; ‫( قبيل ان‬conj.) shortly before
‫ قبل‬qubl, qubul fore part, front part,
front, face │ ‫( من قبل‬qubulin) in front;
from the front, from in front
‫ قبل‬qibal power, ability; -- qibala
(prep.) in the presence of, before. near; in
the direction of, toward │ ‫( ال قبل له‬qibala)
he has no power over it, it is not in his
power; he is incapable of accomplishing
it; ‫ من قبل‬min qibali on the part of, from,
by; ‫ من قبل نفسه‬by himself (or itself), of his
(or its) own accord; ‫ لي قبله دين‬lī qibalahū
dain he owes me a debt, he is indebted to
me
‫ قبلة‬qubla pl. qublāt, qubulāt, ‫ قبل‬qubal
kiss
‫ قبلة‬qibla kiblah, direction to which
Muslims turn in praying (toward the
Kaaba); recess in a mosque indicating the
direction of the Kaaba, prayer niche │ ‫اولى‬
‫ القبلتين‬ūlā l-qiblatain the first of the two
kiblahs, i.e. Jerusalem; ‫ قبلة األنظار‬q. al-
anẓār focus of attention, target of all eyes,
ideal, goal sought after and aspired to; ‫قبلة‬
‫ االھتمام‬object of widespread interest, focus
of attention
‫ قبلى‬qiblī southern, south │ ‫الوجه القبلي‬
(wajh) Upper Egypt
‫ قبول‬qabūl, qubūl (friendly) reception;
welcome; acceptance; concurrence,
consent, assent, approval, admission,
admittance; with foll. maṣdar
corresponding 740 to English abstract
nouns in -ability, -ibility, -ivity, -ality,
e.g., ‫‘ عدم قبول التفرقة‬adam q. at-tafriqa
indivisibility
‫ قبيل‬qabīl guarantor, bail(sman), surety;
kind, specimen, species, sort; tribe │ ‫من‬
‫ ھذا القبيل‬of this kind, like this, such; in this
respect; ‫( من قبيل اإليضاح‬q. il-īḍāḥ by way
of illustration, as an explanation; ‫من كل قبيل‬
‫( ودبير‬dabīr) of every origin (whatsoever);
‫ ليس من ھذا األمر في قبيل وال دبير‬he is not in the
least involved in this affair, he has
absolutely nothing to do with this affair
‫ قبيلة‬qabīla pl. ‫ قبائل‬qabā’il2 tribe
‫ قبلي‬qabalī tribal
‫ قبالة‬qabāla bail, guaranty, suretyship,
liability, responsibility; contract,
agreement
‫ قبالة‬qibāla midwifery, obstetrics
‫ قبالة‬qubālata (prep.) opposite, face to
face with, vis-à-vis, in front of
‫ تقبيل‬taqbīl kissing
 ‫ قبال‬qibāla (prep.) opposite, face to face
with, vis-à-vis, in front of
‫ مقابلة‬muqābala encounter; meeting;
conversation, talk, discussion; interview;
audience; reception; comparison, collation
│ ‫ مقابلة ذلك‬muqābalata d. or ‫ في مقابلة ذلك‬in
return for that, in exchange for that, in
compensation for that, as an equivalent for
that, for that, therefor; ‫تشريح المقابلة‬
comparative anatomy; ‫( المقابلة بالمثل‬bi-l-
mitl) requital; retaliation, reprisal; ‫أخذ‬
‫ بالمقابلة‬to return like for like
‫ اقبال‬iqbāl drawing near, advance,
approach; coming, arrival, advent;
turning, application, attention, response,
responsiveness (‫ على‬to), concern (‫ على‬for),
intereot (‫ على‬in), demand; good fortune,
prosperity, welfare │ ‫ اقباال وادبارا‬iqbālan
wa-idbāran back and forth, to and fro, up
end down
‫ تقبل‬taqabbul receptivity, susceptibility,
sensibility
‫ اقتبال‬iqtibāl reception
‫ استقبال‬istiqbāl pl. -āt reception;
opposition (astron.); full moon (as an
astronomical aspect); the future; ‫استقباال‬
istiqbālan in the future │ ‫آلة االستقبال‬
receiving set, receiver; ‫ غرفة االستقبال‬gurfat
al-ist. reception room, parlor; ‫كان في استقباله‬
he was present to greet him, he had come
to meet him, he received him
‫ قابل‬qābil obstetrician, accoucheur;
coming, next (e.g., month); subject, liable,
susceptible, disposed (‫ ل‬to s.th.); O
receiver (radio); with foll. ‫ ل‬and maṣdar
corresponding to English adjectives in
-able, -ible, -ive, -al, e.g., ‫( قابل للموت‬li-l-
maut) mortal; ‫ قابل للشفاء‬curable; ‫قابل لاللتھاب‬
(highly) combustible, inflammable; ‫قابل‬
‫ للتوصيل‬conductive (el.); ‫غير قابل للرجوع‬
irrevocable; ‫يكون جواز السفر قابال للتجديد اربع‬
‫( مرات‬jawāz as-safar, arba‘a marrātin) the
passport can be renewed four times
‫ قابلة‬qābila pl. -āt, ‫ قوابل‬qawābil2
midwife, accoucheuse; -- (pl. ‫قوابل‬
qawābil2) receptacle, container; -- pl. ‫قوابل‬
beginnings
‫ قابلية‬qābilīya faculty, power, capacity,
capability, ability; aptitude, fitness;
tendency, disposition, liability,
susceptibility, sensibility, receptivity (‫ل‬
to); appetite │ ‫ قابلية للتوصيل‬conductivity
(el.); ‫ قابلية القسمة‬q. al-qisma divisibility; cf.
‫قابل‬
‫ مقبول‬maqbūl acceptable, reasonable;
satisfactory (as an examination grade;
Eg.); pleasing, obliging, complaisant,
amiable; well-liked, likable, popular,
welcome
‫ مقبالت‬muqabbilāt appetizers, hors
d’oeuvres
‫ مقابل‬muqābil facing, opposite; counter-
(in compounds); equivalent, wages, 741
remuneration, recompense │ ‫مقابل ذلك‬
(muqābila) or ‫ في مقابل ذلك‬accordingly, in
accordance with that, in return for that, in
exchange for that, in compensation for
that, as an equivalent for that, for that,
therefor; ‫ مقابل تقديم الكوبون‬upon presentation
of the coupon; ‫مائة سفينة مقابل خمسين في العام‬
‫( السابق‬mi’at safīna m. kamsīn 100 ships as
compared with 50 the previous year; ‫بدون‬
‫ مقابل‬or ‫ من غير مقابل‬without compensation,
for nothing, gratis
‫ مقبل‬muqbil coming, next (e.g., month,
year)
‫ مقتبل‬muqtabal: ‫ في مقتبل العمر‬fī m.
il-‘umr in the prime of life; ‫مقتبل الليل‬
(muqtabala l-lail) at the beginning of the
night, early at night
‫ مستقبل‬mustaqbil receiving set, receiver
(radio)
‫ مستقبل‬mustaqbal front part, front, face;
future (adj.); the future
‫ قبن‬II to weigh (with a steelyard) (‫ ھـ‬s.th.)
‫ قبان‬qabbān steelyard; scale beam;
platform scale, weighbridge
1
‫ قباء‬qabā’ pl. ‫ اقيةن‬aqbiya an outer garment
with full-length sleeves
2
‫ )قبا )قبو‬qabā u to vault, arch, camber, curve,
bend (‫ ھـ‬s.th.)
‫ قبو‬qabw pl. ‫ اقبية‬aqbiya vault; vaulted
roof; cellar; tunnel, gallery, drift, adit
(mining); O prompt box │ O ‫قبو الوقاية من‬
‫( الغارات الجوية‬jawwīya) air-raid shelter
‫ قبوة‬qabwa vault
‫ قباء‬qibā’ interval, interspace, distance
‫ قبودان‬qabūdān captain
‫ قت‬qatta u (qatt) to render falsely,
misrepresent, depreciate, belittle,
minimize (‫ ھـ‬s.th.); to lie VIII to uproot,
root out, extirpate (‫ ه‬،‫ ھـ‬s.o., s.th.)
‫ قتات‬qattāt slanderer, calumniator
‫ قتب‬qatab pl. ‫ اقتاب‬aqtāb (eg.) hunch, hump
‫ مقوتب‬muqautab hunchbacked
‫ قتاد‬qatād tragacanth (Astragalus; bot.)
│ ‫ على قتاد‬he was sitting on a bed of thorns
‫ قتر‬qatara u i (qatr, ‫ قتور‬qutūr) and II to be
stingy, tightfisted, niggardly,
parsimonious (‫ على‬toward s.o.), keep (‫على‬
s.o.) short, stint (‫ على‬s.o.) IV do.; to live in
straitened circumstances, be or become
poor
‫ قتر‬qatr stinginess, niggardliness,
parsimony (‫ على‬toward)
‫ قترة‬qatara dust
‫ قتار‬quṭār aroma, smell (of s.th. fried or
cooked)
‫ تقتير‬taqtīr stinginess, niggardliness,
parsimony (‫ على‬toward)
‫ قاتر‬qātir stingy, tightfisted, miserly,
niggardly, parsimonious (‫ على‬toward)
‫ مقتر‬muqattir, muqtir stingy, tightfisted,
miserly, niggardly, parsimonious (‫على‬
toward)
‫ قتل‬qatala u (qatl) to kill, slay, murder,
assassinate (‫ ه‬s.o.); to mitigate, alleviate (
‫ ھـ‬s.th., e.g., ‫ البرد‬al-barda the cold, ‫الجوع‬
al-jū‘a the hunger); to mix, dilute (‫ب ھـ‬
s.th. with, e.g., wine with water); to know,
master (‫ ھـ‬s.th., e.g., a skill) │ ‫قتله خبرا‬
‫( ))علما‬kubran, ‘ilman) or ‫قتله درسا وبحثا‬
(darsan wa-baḥtan) to know or master
s.th. (e.g., a skill, a field of study)
thoroughly; ‫( قتل الموضوع بحثا‬baḥtan) to
study a topic most thoroughly, treat a
subject exhaustively; ‫( قتل الدھر خبرة‬dahra
kibratan) to have long experience with
life, be worldly wise II to kill, massacre (
‫ ھم‬people), cause carnage (‫ ھم‬among
people) III to combat, battle (‫ ه‬s.o.), fight (
‫ ه‬s.o., with s.o., or against s.o.) │ ‫قاتله ﷲ‬
lit.: may God fight him! i.e., 742 approx.:
damned bastard! VI and VIII to fight with
one another, combat each other X to risk
one’s life, defy death
‫ قتل‬qatl killing; manslaughter,
homicide; murder, assassination │ ‫قتل بسبب‬
(bi-sababin) indirect killing (Isl. Law); ‫قتل‬
‫ الخطأ‬q. al-kaṭa’ accidental homicide (jur.);
‫‘( القتل العمد‬amd) or ‫‘( القتل العمدي‬amdī) or
‫‘( القتل عمدا‬amdan) or ‫القتل العمد مع سبق‬
‫( اإلصرار‬sabqi l-iṣrār) premeditated
murder
‫ قتل‬qitl pl. ‫ اقتال‬aqtāl enemy, foe,
adversary, opponent
‫ قتيل‬qatīl pl. ‫ قتلى‬qatlā killed; killed in
battle, fallen; one killed in battle, casualty
│ ‫ قتيل الحرب‬q. al-ḥarb man killed in war
‫ قتال‬qattāl murderous, deadly, lethal
‫ اقتل‬aqtal2 deadlier, more lethal in effect
‫ مقتل‬maqtal murder, death; murderous
battle; (pl. ‫ مقاتل‬maqātil2) vital part of the
body (the injury of which will bring about
death), mortal spot, mortal organ;
Achilles’ heel, vulnerable spot │ ‫ضربه في‬
‫( مقاتله‬ḍarabahū) or ‫( اصاب منه المقتل‬aṣāba)
he hit him at his most vulnerable spot
‫ مقتلة‬maqtala pl. -āt butchery, slaughter,
carnage, massacre
‫ تقتيل‬butchery, slaughter, carnage,
massacre
‫ قتال‬qitāl fight, struggle, contention
(against); combat, strife, battle │ ‫ساحة القتال‬
battlefield
‫ مقاتلة‬muqātala fight, struggle,
contention (against); combat, strife
‫ تقاتل‬taqātul mutual struggle
‫ قاتل‬qātil killing, murdering; deadly,
lethal, mortal, fatal; (pl. ‫ قتال‬quttāl, ‫قتلة‬
qatala) killer, manslayer; murderer,
assassin
‫ قاتالت‬qātilāt lethal agents (‫ ل‬against)
‫ مقتل‬muqattal experienced, practiced,
tried, tested
‫ مقاتل‬muqatil fighter, combatant,
warrior; fighting, combat-, battle- (in
compounds)
‫ مقاتلة‬muqatila (coli.) combatants,
warriors, fighting forces
 ‫ مقاتلة‬muqātila pl. -āt combat plane,
light bomber
‫ مقتتل‬muqtatal battlefield, battleground
‫ مستقتل‬mustaqtil death-defying, heroic
‫ قتم‬qatama u (‫ قتوم‬qutūm) to rise (dust) IX to be
dark(-colored), blackish
‫ قتمة‬qutma, qatama dark or blackish
color, darkness, gloom
‫ قتام‬qatām dark or blackish color,
darkness, gloom
‫ اقتم‬aqtam2 dark-colored, blackish, dark
‫ قاتم‬qātim pl. ‫ قواتم‬qawātim2 black, dark
│ ‫ اسود قاتم‬pitch-black
1
‫ قث‬qatta u (qatt) and VIII to pull out, tear out,
uproot (‫ ھـ‬s.th.)
2
‫ قثاء‬qittā’, quttā’ (coll.; n. un. ‫ )ة‬cucumber
2
‫ قثاطير‬qatāṭīr catheter
O ‫ قثطرة‬qatṭara catheter
1
‫ قح‬qaḥḥa to cough
2
‫ قح‬quḥḥ pl. ‫ اقحاح‬aqḥāḥ pure, sheer, unmixed,
unadulterated; genuine
‫ قحبة‬qaḥba pl. ‫ قحاب‬qiḥāb whore, harlot,
prostitute
‫ قحط‬qaḥaṭa a (qaḥṭ, ‫ قحوط‬quḥūṭ) and
qaḥiṭa a (qaḥaṭ) to be withheld, fail to set
in (rains); active and pass. quḥiṭa to be
1
rainless (year) II to pollinate (‫ النخلة‬an-
naklata the palm tree); (eg.) to scratch 743
off, scrape off (‫ ھـ‬s.th.) IV to be rainless
(year)
‫ قحط‬qaḥṭ want of rain, rainleseness;
2
drought, dryness; famine; dearth, lack,
want, scarcity
‫ قحطان‬qaṭān2 legendary ancestor of the South
Arabians
‫ قحف‬qaḥafa a (qaḥf) to swallow, gulp down (‫ھـ‬
s.th.); to sweep away, carry away (‫ ھـ‬s.th.;
of a river) VIII = I
‫ قحف‬qiḥf pl. ‫ قحوف‬quḥūf, ‫ اقحاف‬aqḥāf,
‫ قحفة‬qiḥafa skull; cranium, brainpan
‫ قحاف‬quḥāf torrential (river)
‫ قحل‬qaḥila a (qaḥal) and pass. quḥila to be or
become dry or arid, dry up, wither
‫ قحل‬qaḥal dryness aridity
‫ قحل‬qaḥil dry, arid
‫ قحولة‬quḥūla dryness, aridity
‫ قحالء‬qaḥlā’ f. dry
‫ قاحل‬qāḥil dry, arid
‫ قحم‬IV to push, drag (‫ في ه‬s.o. into s.th.),
involve (‫ في ه‬s.o. in); to introduce forcibly,
cram (‫ في ه‬s.th. into) │ ‫اقحم نفسه بينھم‬
(nafsahū) he squeezed himself between
them VIII to plunge, rush, hurtle (‫ ھـ‬into
s.th.); to break (‫ ھـ‬into s.th.), intrude,
invade (‫ ھـ‬s.th.); to burst (‫ ھـ‬into a room);
to jump, leap, dive (‫ ھـ‬into s.th.); to rush,
dart (‫ ھـ‬at); to storm, take by storm (‫ھـ‬
s.th.); to embark boldly (‫ ھـ‬upon s.th.); to
defy (‫ ھـ‬danger, hardships, etc.)
‫ قحمة‬kuḥma pl. ‫ قحم‬quḥam danger one
rushes into. hazardous undertaking
‫ مقحام‬miqḥām pl. ‫ مقاحيم‬maqāḥīm2 one
who plunges heedlessly into danger,
reckless, daring, foolhardy
‫ اقحام‬iqḥām dragging in, implicating,
involvement
‫ اقتحام‬iqtiḥām brooking in, inrush,
irruption, intrusion, obtrusion; inroad,
invasion, incursion; storming, capture by
storm
‫ اقحوان‬uqḥuwān pl. ‫ اقاح‬aqāḥin, ‫ اقاحي‬aqāḥīy
camomile (bot.); daisy (bot.)
‫ قد‬qad (particle) with foll. perf. indicates the
termination of an action; sometimes
corresponding to English “already”; with
foll. imperf.: sometimes, at times;
perhaps, or English “may”, “might”
‫قد‬qadda u (qadd) to cut lengthwise, cut into
strips (‫ ھـ‬s.th.); to cut off (‫ ھـ‬s.th.); to chop
off (‫ ھـ‬s.th.); to cut out, carve out (‫ ھـ‬s.th.)
│ ‫ قد قلبه من حجر‬qudda qalbuhū min
ḥajarin to have a heart of stone II = I; to
cut into strips and dry (‫ ھـ‬s.th., e.g., meat,
fruits), to jerk (‫ ھـ‬meat) VII to split, burst
(also, e.g., with laughter) VIII = I
‫ قد‬qidd pl. ‫ اقد‬aqudd strip (of leather),
strap, thong
‫ قدة‬qidda pl. ‫ قدد‬qidad rail; ruler │ ‫طرائق‬
‫ قددا‬tafarraqū ṭarā’iqa qidadan to split into
many parts or groups, break up, dissolve
 ‫ قديد‬qadīd meat cut into strips and dried,
jerked meat
‫ قد‬qadd pl. ‫ قدود‬qudūd shape, build,
frame, physique, stature, height, figure;
(eg.) size, bulk, volume, quantity │ ‫على‬
‫ قده‬of the same size, of equal size, just as
(large)
‫ قدح‬qadaḥa a (qadḥ) to bore, pierce (‫ في‬s.th.);
to slander, defame, malign, vilify (‫ في‬s.o.);
to rebuke, censure, blame (‫ في‬s.o.); to
reprove, reproach, chide (‫ في‬s.o.); to reject
as objectionable (‫ في‬a witness, a
testimony); to impair, depreciate, belittle,
lessen, diminish, degrade (‫ ب‬or ‫ في‬s.th.),
detract (‫ ب‬or ‫ في‬from); to violate, infringe
(‫ في‬s.th.), offend (٧٤٤ ‫ في‬against); to strike
fire (with a flint) (also with ‫ النار‬an-nāra)
│ ‫( قدح زناد الفكر‬z. al-fikr) to ponder, think
hard, rack one’s brain; ‫( قدح فكره‬fikrahū) to
think hard; ‫( قدح شررا‬šararan) to strike or
emit sparks VIII to strike fire (with a
flint), also ‫ ;اقتدح النار‬to weigh, consider (‫ھـ‬
s.th.)
‫ قدح‬qadḥ slander, calumniation,
calumny, defamation, vilification,
aspersion; censure, rebuke, reproof,
reproach; depreciation, detraction (‫ ب‬of ‫في‬
from), impairment
‫ قدح‬qidḥ, pl. ‫ قداح‬qidāḥ, ‫ اقدح‬aqduḥ, ‫اقداح‬
aqdāḥ, ‫ اقاديح‬aqādīḥ2 arrow shaft; arrow;
divining arrow, arrow used for oracles │
‫( القدح المعلى‬mu‘allā) the seventh of the
divining arrows used in the ancient
Arabian game of maisir, i.e., the best of
them which won seven shares of the
slaughtered camel, hence: ‫له القدح المعلى في‬
to be the principal agent in, have a major
impact on, exert decisive influence on, be
of crucial importance for
‫ قدح‬qadaḥ pl. ‫ اقداح‬aqdāḥ drinking
bowl; (drinking) cup; goblet; glass,
tumbler; tea glass; keddah, a dry measure
(Eg. = 1/96 ‫ اردب‬ardabb = 2.0621)
‫ قداح‬qaddāḥ and ‫ قداحة‬qaddāḥa pl. -āt
flint; fire steel, fire iron (for striking
sparks from flint); flint and steel; lighter
(e.g., for cigarettes)
‫ مقدحة‬miqdaḥa fire steel, fire iron (for
striking sparks from flint)
‫ قدر‬qadara u i (qadr) to decree, ordain, decide
(‫ ھـ‬s.th.; of God) -- qadara i (‫ قدرة‬qudra,
‫ مقدرة‬maqdura, maqdara, maqdira) and
qadira a (qadar) to possess strength,
power, or ability; to have power (‫ على‬over
s.th.), be master (‫ على‬of s.th.), be equal (
‫ على‬to s.th.), be up to s.th. (‫ ;)على‬to have
the possibility to do (‫ على‬s.th.), be in a
position to do s.th. (‫ ان‬or ‫)على‬, be able to
do s.th. (‫ ان‬or ‫)على‬, be capable (‫ ان‬or ‫على‬
of) II to appoint, assign, determine,
ordain, decree (‫ ھـ‬s.th., ‫ على‬for s.o.; of
God); to predetermine, foreordain,
(pre)destine (‫ ھـ ھـ‬s.th.; of God); to
appraise (‫ ھـ‬s.th.; with respect to its worth
and amount), assess, estimate, calculate,
tax, evaluate, value, rate (‫ ب ھـ‬s.th. at); to
anticipate, foresee (‫ ھـ‬s.th.); to surmise,
guess, presume, suppose, believe, think,
be of the opinion (‫ ان‬that); to esteem
highly, value, treasure, prize, cherish (‫ه‬
s.o., ‫ ھـ‬s.th., ‫ ھـ ل‬s.th. in s.o., because of
s.th. s.o.); to appreciate (‫ ھـ‬s.th.); to enable
(‫ على ه‬s.o. to do s.th.), put (‫ ه‬s.o.) in a
position (‫ على‬to do s.th.); (gram.) to imply
in an expression (‫ ل‬or ‫ )ھـ‬another (‫ ب‬or ‫)ھـ‬
as virtually existing │ ‫( ال قدر ﷲ‬which)
God forbid! ‫( قدر فكان‬quddira) the
inevitable happened! ‫( قدره حق قدره‬ḥaqqa
qadrihi) to attach the proper value to s.o.
or s.th., fully appreciate the value of s.o.
or s.th.; ‫ ال يقدر‬lā yuqaddaru inestimable,
invaluable, immeasurable, immense, huge,
enormous, tremendous IV to enable (‫على ه‬
s.o. to do s.th.), put (‫ ه‬s.o.) in a position (
‫ على‬to do s.th.) V to he appointed,
assigned, determined, ordained, destined,
fated, decreed VIII = I qadara i X to ask (‫ه‬
God) for strength or ability
‫ قدر‬qadr pl. ‫ اقدار‬aqdār extent, scope,
quantity, amount, scale, rate, measure,
number; sum, amount; degree, grade;
worth, value, standing, rank; divine decree
│ ‫ ليلة القدر‬lailat al-q. the night in which,
according to sura 97, the Koran was
revealed, celebrated during the night
between the 26th and 27th of Ramadan; ‫قدر‬
‫ من‬a certain extent of, a certain degree of;
‫ قدر‬qadra, ‫ بقدر‬bi-qadri, ‫على قدر‬
commensurate with, corresponding to,
according to, in proportion to; ‫ بقدر ما‬bi-
qadri mā in the same measure 745 as, to
the same extent as, as much as, as large
as; ‫‘ على قدر ما‬alā qadrin mā to a certain
extent, relatively; ‫ قدر المستطاع‬qadra l-
mustaṭā‘, ‫ قدر‬،‫ على قدر المستطاع‬,‫بقدر المستطاع‬
‫ الطاقة‬qadra ṭ-ṭ., ‫ قدر اإلمكان‬qadra l-imkān,
‫ بقدر اإلمكان‬and ‫ على قدر اإلمكان‬as far as
possible, as much as possible, in the best
way possible, to the best of one’s abilities;
‫ اغلبية قدرھا مائة صوت‬aglabīya qadruha
mi’atu ṣautin a majority of a hundred
votes; ‫ ذوو قدرة‬dawū q. people of
distinction, important people
‫ قدر‬qadar pl. ‫ اقدار‬aqdār divine fore-
ordainment, predestination; fate, destiny,
lot │ ‫ مذھب القدر‬madhab al-q. fatalism;
‫( القضاء والقدر‬qaḍā’) fate and divine decree;
‫ قضاء وقدرا‬qaḍā’an wa-qadaran or ‫بالقضاء‬
‫ والقدر‬by fate and divine decree; ‫قدر جاء على‬
he arrived just at the right time
‫ القدرية‬al-qadarīya a theological school
of early Islam asserting man’s free will
‫ قدر‬qidr m. and f., pl. ‫ قدور‬qudūr
cooking pot, kettle, pot
‫ قدرة‬qidra cooking pot, kettle, pot
‫ قدرة‬qadara small bottle, flask
‫ قدرة‬qudra faculty (‫ على‬of), power,
strength (‫ على‬for), potency; capacity,
ability, capability, aptitude; omnipotence
(of God) │ O ‫‘( القدر على العمل‬amal) power,
capacity (techn., phys.); O ‫القدر على االنتقاء‬
selectivity (radio)
‫ قدير‬qadīr possessing power or strength,
powerful, potent; having mastery (‫على‬
over s.th.), capable (‫ على‬of s.th.);
omnipotent, almighty, all-powerful (God)
‫ اقدر‬aqdar2 mightier, more powerful;
more capable (‫ على‬of), abler (‫ على‬to do
s.th.)
‫ مقدرة‬maqdura, maqdara, maqdira
faculty (‫ على‬of), power, strength (‫ على‬for),
potency; capacity, ability, capability,
aptitude │ O ‫( المقدرة الحربية‬ḥarbīya)
military resources, military potential
‫ مقدار‬miqdār pl. ‫ مقادير‬maqādīr2
measure; extent in space and time; scope,
extent, scale, rate, range; quantity; amount
│ ‫( مقدار ادنى‬adnā) a minimum; ‫مقدار اقصى‬
(aqṣā) a maximum; ‫ بمقدار ما‬bi-miqdāri mā
to the same extent or degree as …; as
much as ...; ‫ بھذا المقدار‬to such an extent or
degree, so much; ‫ بمقدار‬to a certain extent
or degree, somewhat, a little
‫ تقدير‬taqdīr pl. -āt, ‫ تقادير‬taqādīr2
estimation, appraisal, assessment,
taxation, rating; calculation, estimate,
valuation; appreciation; esteem;
assumption, surmise, supposition,
proposition; implication of a missing
syntactical part (gram.); (pl. -āt) grading,
evaluation (of achievement; school,
university); ‫ تقديرا‬taqdīran by implication,
implicitly, virtually │ ‫ تقديرا لھذا‬in
appreciation of this; ‫‘ على اقل تقدير‬alā
aqalli t. at least; ‫ على اكثر التقدير‬at most; ‫عن‬
‫‘ مبلغ تقديري‬an mablagi taqdīrī as far as I
can judge for myself
‫ اقتدار‬iqtidār might, power, strength,
potency; ability, capability, faculty,
capacity, efficiency, aptitude
‫ قادر‬qādir possessing power or strength,
powerful, potent; having mastery (
‫على‬vover s.th.), being equal (‫ قدر‬to s.th.);
capable (‫ على‬of s.th.), able (‫ على‬to do
s.th.); efficient, capable, talented
‫ مقدور‬maqdūr decreed (‫ على‬against, by
fate); (pl. ‫ مقادير‬maqādīr2) destiny, fate;
(pl. -āt) faculty, capability, ability;
potential, resources │ ‫ في مقدوره ان‬to be
able to …, be capable of ..., be in a
position to ..., have the possibility to ...
‫ مقدر‬muqaddir estimator, appraiser,
assessor, taxer
‫ مقدر‬muqaddar decreed, foreordained,
predestined; implied, implicit, virtual;
‫ مقدرات‬fates, destinies; estimates,
preliminary calculations 746
‫ مقتدر‬muqtadir possessing power or
strength, powerful, potent; having mastery
(‫ على‬over s.th.), being equal (‫ على‬to s.th.);
able (‫ على‬to do s.th.), capable (‫ على‬of);
efficient capable, talented
1
‫ قدس‬qadusa u (quds, qudus) to be holy, be
pure II to hallow, sanctify (‫ ه‬،‫ ھـ‬s.o., s.th.);
to dedicate. consecrate (‫ ھـ‬s.th.); to declare
to be holy, glorify (‫ ﷲ‬God); to hold
sacred, venerate, revere, reverence,
worship (‫ ه‬،‫ ھـ‬s.o., s.th.); (Chr.) to
canonize (‫ ه‬s.o.); (Chr.) to say Mass,
celebrate │ ‫( قدس ﷲ سره‬sirrahū) may God
sanctify his secret! (eulogy used when
 mentioning the name of a deceased
Muslim saint) V to be hallowed, be sacred
or sanctified
‫ قدس‬quds, qudus holiness, sacredness,
sanctity; (pl. ‫ اقداس‬aqdas) sanctuary,
shrine; ‫ القدس‬al-quds Jerusalem │ ‫قدس‬
‫ األقداس‬the holy of holies (Chr., Jud.); ‫روح‬
‫ الروح القدس‬،‫( القدس‬ar-)rūḥ al-qudus the
Holy Ghost (Chr.)
‫ قدسي‬qudsī holy, sacred; saintly; saint
‫ قدسية‬qudsīya holiness, sacredness,
sanctity; saintliness
‫ قداس‬quddās pl. -āt, ‫ قداديس‬qadādīs2
Mass (Chr.)
‫ قداسة‬qadāsa holiness, sacredness,
sanctity; saintliness │ ‫ قداسة البابا‬His
Holiness the Pope
‫ قدوس‬qaddūs, quddūs most holy; ‫القدوس‬
the Most Holy, the All-Holy (God)
‫ قديس‬qiddīs pl. -ūn holy, saintly;
Christian saint │ ‫‘ عيد كل القديسين‬īd kull al-
q. All Saints’ Day (Chr.)
‫ اقدس‬aqdas2 more hallowed, more
sacred, holier
‫ بيت المقدس‬bait al-maqdis Jerusalem
‫ تقديس‬taqdīs sanctification, hallowing;
dedication, consecration; celebration
(Chr.); Consecration (as part of the
Roman Catholic Mass; Chr.); reverence,
veneration, worship
‫ مقدس‬muqaddis reverent, reverential,
venerative
‫ مقدس‬muqaddas hallowed. sanctified,
dedicated, consecrated; holy, sacred; pl.
-āt sacred things, sacrosanct things │
‫( األرض )البالد( المقدسة‬arḍ) the Holy Land,
Palestine; ‫( البيت المقدس‬bait) Jerusalem; ‫البيت‬
‫ ال مقدس‬the Holy Scriptures, the Holy
Bible (Chr.)
‫ متقدس‬mutaqaddis hallowed, sanctified,
dedicated, consecrated; holy, sacred
2
‫ قادس‬qādis Cādiz (seaport in SW Spain)
3 extend one’s thanks to s.o., thank s.o.; ‫قدم‬
‫ قادوس‬pl. ‫ قواديس‬look up alphabetically
‫ قدم‬qadama u (qadm, ‫ قدوم‬qadūm) to
precede (‫ ه‬s.o.); -- qadima a (‫ قدوم‬qudūm,
‫ قدمان‬qidmān, ‫ مقدم‬maqdam) to arrive (‫ ھـ‬at
a place); to come; to get (‫ الى‬or ‫ على‬or ‫ ه‬to
s.o.; ‫ ھـ‬to a place). reach (‫ الى‬or ‫ ه‬،‫ على‬s.o.;
‫ ھـ‬a place); to have the audacity to do s.th.
(‫ ;)على‬-- qaduma u (qidam) to be old, be
ancient II to make or let (‫ ه‬،‫ ھـ‬s.o., s.th.)
precede, go before, or lead the way; to
send forward, send ahead, send off,
dispatch, send on in advance (‫ ه‬،‫ ھـ‬s.o.,
s.th.); to set forth beforehand, premise (‫ل‬
‫ ھـ‬s.th. as introductory to s.th., e.g., a
preface to a book); to place (‫ ه‬،‫ ھـ‬s.o.,
s.th.) at the head; to set forward, set ahead
(‫ ھـ‬a clock); to do earlier, do beforehand,
do before s.th. else (‫ ھـ‬s.th.); to give
precedence (‫ ه‬،‫ على ھـ‬to s.o., to s.th.
before), give priority (‫ على ھـ‬to s.th. over);
to prefer (‫ ه‬،‫ على ھـ‬s.o., s.th. to s.o. or s.th.
else), give preference (‫ ه‬،‫ على ھـ‬to s.o., to
s.th. over); (Tun.) to appoint as legal
guardian (‫ على ه‬s.o. for); to prepare, ready,
keep ready, provide, set aside, earmark (‫ل‬
‫ ه‬s.th. for); to provide, 747 make
provisions (‫ ل‬for); to offer, proffer, tender,
extend, present, produce, exhibit, display (
‫ ھـ‬s.th., ‫ الى‬or ‫ ل‬to s.o.); to hand over,
deliver (‫ ھـ‬s.th., ‫ الى‬or ‫ ل‬to s.o.); to submit,
refer (o s.th., ‫ الى‬or ‫ ل‬to s.o.), lay s.th. (‫)ھـ‬
before s.o. (‫ الى‬or ‫ ;)ل‬to give u a present (‫ھـ‬
s.th., ‫ الى‬or ‫ ل‬to s.o.), offer up, present (‫الى‬
or ‫ ه‬،‫ ل ھـ‬s.o., s.th. to s.o., to s.th.); to
dedicate (‫ الى‬or ‫ ل ھـ‬s.th., e.g., a book, to
s.o.); to file, turn in (‫ ھـ‬s.th., e.g., a report),
send in, submit (‫ ھـ‬s.th., e.g., an
application, ‫ الى‬or ‫ ل‬to), lodge (‫ ھـ‬e.g., a
complaint, ‫ الى‬or ‫ ل‬before); to give (o an
answer); to take (o an examination); to
bring s.o. (‫ )ه‬before a proper authority,
esp., before a tribunal (‫ امام‬or ‫)الى‬, arraign
s.o.; to introduce, present (‫ ل‬or ‫ الى ه‬s.o. to
s.o. else), make (‫ ه‬s.o.) acquainted (‫ ل‬or ‫الى‬
with s.o. else); (intr.) to precede; to be fast
(clock) │ ‫( قدمه بين يديه‬baina yadaihi) to
send s.th. ahead of s.th. else, let s.th.
precede s.th. else; ‫( قدم له الثمن‬tamana) to
pay the price to s.o. in advance, advance
the price to s.o.; ‫( قدم خدمة‬kidmatan) to
render a service; ‫( قدم خطوة‬kidmatan) to
make a step forward; ‫( قدم الشكر له‬šukra) to
‫ نفسه الى البوليس‬to give o.s. up to the police;
‫( ما قدمت وما اخرت‬akkartu) what I have ever
committed; ‫( ما قدمت يداك‬yadāka) what you
have committed or perpetrated; ‫يقدم رجال‬
‫ ويؤخر أخرى‬yuqaddimu rijlan wa-yu’akkiru
ukrā to hesitate, waver, be undecided; ‫فرق‬
‫ شھور ال تقدم وال تؤخر‬farqu šuhūrin lā
tuqaddimu wa-lā tu’akkiru a difference of
a few months which is of no consequence
IV to be bold, audacious, daring; to make
bold, have the audacity to do s.th. (‫ ;)على‬to
venture, risk, undertake, tackle (‫ على‬s.th.),
set about s.th. (‫ ;)على‬to brave (‫ على‬s.th.),
embark boldly (‫ على‬upon), dare to engage
(‫ على‬in), venture upon s.th. (‫ ;)على‬to attack
(‫ على‬s.o., s.th.) V to precede (‫ عن‬or ‫ على‬or
‫ ه‬،‫ ھـ‬s.o., s.th., in space and time), go
before s.o. or s.th. (‫ ه‬،‫ ھـ‬،‫ على‬،‫ ;)عن‬to head
(‫ على‬or ‫ ھم‬a group of people), be at the
head (‫ على‬or ‫ ھم‬of a group of people); to
belong to an earlier, older time; to go
forward, move (for, ward), proceed (‫نحو‬
toward), advance march (‫ نحو‬against,
toward); to progress, make progress; to
come on, come closer, move nearer (‫الى‬
to); to approach (‫ الى‬s.o. or s.th.), accost (
‫ الى‬s.o.); to step up (‫ الى‬to); to present o.s. (
‫ بين يديه‬or ‫ الى‬to), step before (‫ بين يديه‬or ‫;)الى‬
o to meet, face (‫ ل‬or ‫ الى‬an opposing team,
in sports); to turn, apply (‫ ب ل‬or ‫ الى‬to s.o.
with a request); to submit (‫ ل‬or ‫ الى‬to s.o.
‫ ب‬s.th., e.g., a request); to order, direct,
commission (‫ ب الى‬s.o. to do, to bring, etc.,
s.th.) │ ‫ تقدم به‬to further, advance, promote,
improve s.th.; ‫( تقدمت به السن‬sinnu) to get
older, be advanced in years; ‫ كما تقدم‬already
mentioned; ‫غفر ﷲ ما تقدم من ذنبه وما تأخر‬
(danbihī, ta’akkara) God has forgiven all
his sins; ‫وقت بغداد متقدم ساعتين من وقت اوربا‬
‫ الوسطى‬waqtu bagdada mutaqaddimun
sā‘ataini ‘an waqti ūrubbā l-wusṭā
Baghdad time is two hours ahead of
Central European time; ‫( تقدم نحوه‬naḥwahū)
to step up to s.o.; ‫ تقدم منه‬to approach s.o.,
head for s.o.; ‫ تقدم لالمتحان‬to submit o.s. to
an examination VI to become antiquated,
grow obsolete, get out of date, become
old, age │ ‫( تقادم‬zamanu) much time has
gone by (since); ‫‘( تقادم عھده‬ahduhū) it
happened long ago, it belongs to the put, it
is of early date X to ask (‫ ه‬s.o.) to come,
send (‫ ه‬for s.o.), summon (‫ ه‬s.o.)
‫ قدم‬qidm time long since put, old times;
‫ قدما‬qidman in old(en) times, in former
times, once, of old, of yore
‫ قدم‬qidam time long since put, old
times; remote antiquity, time immemorial;
oldness; ancientness; infinite 748 pre-
existence, sempiternity, timelessness (of
God); seniority │ ‫ منذ القدم‬from times of
old, by long tradition, of long standing; ‫قدم‬
‫( عھده ب‬qidamu ‘ahdihī) his long, standing
familiarity with
‫ قدم‬qadam (usually f.) pl. ‫ اقدام‬aqdām
foot (also as a measure of length); step ‫قدم‬
‫( مكعبة‬muka‘‘aba) cubic foot; ‫ سمت القدم‬al-
q. nadir (astron.); ‫ اصبع القدم‬iṣba‘ al-q. toe;
‫( على قدميه‬qadamaihi) on foot (of several:
‫ على اطرف قدميه‬:(‫ على األقدام‬on tiptoe; ‫على قدم‬
‫( الحذر‬q. al-ḥadar) anxious, timid, fearful;
‫( على قدم االھبة واالستعداد‬q. il-uhba) in a state
of extreme alertness; ‫جرى )قام( على قدم وساق‬
(wa-sāqin) to become fully effective, be in
full progress, be in full swing; ‫ ليس له قدم‬he
has no part in ..., he is not involved in ...
‫ قدم‬qudum: ‫( مضى )سار( قدما‬quduman) to
go straight ahead or forward
‫ قديم‬qadīm pl. ‫ قدماء‬qudamā’2, ‫قدامى‬
qudāmā, ‫ قدائم‬qadā’im2 old, ancient;
antique; existing from time immemorial,
eternally pre-existent, sempiternal; ‫القديم‬
the Infinitely Pre-existent, the
Sempiternal, the Eternal (as an attribute of
God) │ ‫ قديما‬qadīman or ‫ في القديم‬in old(en)
times, in ancient times, in former times,
once, of old, of yore; ‫ من قديم‬or ‫منذ القديم‬
from times of old. by long tradition, of
long standing; ‫( قديم العھد ب‬q. al-‘ahd) of
long familiarity or acquaintance with, long
familiar or acquainted with; of long-
standing experience in, long-experiensed
in, (being) a long-time holder of; ‫دراسات‬
‫ قديمة‬classical studies
‫ قدوم‬qudūm coming, advent, arrival
‫ قدوم‬qadūm pl. ‫ قدم‬qudum bold,
audacious, daring, intrepid, undaunted,
courageous, brave, valiant
‫ قدوم‬qadūm, qaddūm pl. ‫ قدائم‬qadā’im2,
‫ قدم‬qudum adz
‫ قدام‬quddām fare part, front part;
quddāma (prep.) in front of
‫ قيدوم‬qaidūm prow, bow of a ship
‫ اقدم‬aqdam2 older, mare ancient; ‫االقدمون‬
the ancients
 ‫ اقدمية‬aqdamīya seniority
‫ مقدم‬maqdam coming, advent; arrival
‫ مقدام‬miqdām bold, audacious, daring,
intrepid, undaunted, courageous, brave,
valiant; a military rank, approx.: staff
sergeant (Eg. 1939)
‫ تقديم‬taqdīm sending forward, sending
off, dispatching, etc., see II; presentation;
submission, turning in, filing; offering up,
oblation; dedication; offer, proffer, tender,
bid; memorial; (pl. ‫ تقاديم‬taqādīm)
officially established guardianship (Tun.)
‫ تقدمة‬taqdima offer, proffer, tender, bid;
dedication; (social) introduction,
presentation; offering up, oblation,
offertory (Chr.); (pl. -āt, ‫ تقادم‬taqādim2)
present, gift
‫ اقدام‬iqdām boldness, audacity, daring,
intrepidity, fearlessness, undauntedness,
stoutheartedness, pluck, courage,
enterprise, initiative
‫ تقدم‬taqaddum precedence, priority;
(ad)vantage, lead; advance, drive, push;
advancement, progression, progress
‫ تقدمي‬taqaddumī progressive,
progressionist
‫ تقادم‬taqādum: (‫ الزمن( تقادم العھد‬t. al-‘ahd
(az-zaman) progression or lapse of time;
‫ مع تقادم الزمن‬in the course of time
‫ قادم‬qādim pl. -ūn, ‫ قدوم‬qudūm, ‫قدام‬
guddām one arriving, arriver, arrival,
newcomer; -- coming, next (e.g., year,
month, and the like)
‫ مقدم‬muqaddim offerer, tenderer,
presenter, giver, donor │ ‫ مقدم الطلب‬m. aṭ-
ṭalab applicant 749
‫ مقدم‬muqaddam put before s.th. (‫)على‬,
prefixed, prefaced (‫ على‬to s.th.),
anteceding, preceding (‫ على‬s.th.); front,
face; fore part, front part; prow, bow (of a
ship); o nose (of an airplane, and the like);
antecedent of a proportion (math.);
overseer, supervisor; foreman; a military
rank, approx.: major (Ir., U.A.R.);
lieutenant colonel (formerly syr.);
officially appointed legal guardian (Tun.);
administrator or trustee of a wakf estate
(Tun.); ‫ مقدم عليه‬a legal minor placed under
officially established guardianship (Tun.);
‫ مقدما‬muqaddaman in advance, beforehand
‫ مقدمة‬muqaddima, muqaddama pl. -āt
fore part, front part; front, face; prow, bow
(of a ship); foreground; foremost rank or
line, forefront, head, lead; advance guard,
vanguard, van; foreword, preface,
introduction, prologue, proem, preamble;
prelude; premise
‫ متقدم‬mutaqaddim preceding,
antecedent; moving forward, advancing;
well-advanced; (being) in front, ahead, in
the fore part; foremost; aforesaid, before-
mentioned; advanced; senior (athlet.) │
‫( المتقدم ذكره‬dikruhū) the aforesaid, the
before-mentioned; ‫)متقدم في السن )في العمر‬
(sinn, ‘umr) advanced in age, well along
in years, old; ‫( متقدم على ابانه‬ibbānihī)
premature, precipitate, untimely; ‫المتقدمون‬
‫( والمتأخرون‬wa-l-muta’akkirūn) the earlier
and the later = all
(‫ قدو‬and ‫ قدي( قدا‬qadā u (qadw) and ‫ قدي‬qadiya
a (‫ قدى‬qadan, ‫ قداوة‬qadāwa) to be tasty,
savory (food) VIII to imitate, copy (‫ ب‬s.o.,
s.th.), emulate (‫ ب‬s.o.), follow s.o.’s (‫)ب‬
model or example, be guided (‫ ب‬by)
‫ قدوة‬qudwa, qidwa model, pattern,
example, exemplar
‫ قدي‬qadīy tasty, savory, palatable (food)
‫ اقتداء‬iqtidā’ imitation, emulation; ‫اقتداء‬
‫ ب‬iqtidā’an bi following the model or
example of
‫ قذة‬qudda pl. ‫ قذذ‬qudad, ‫ قذاذ‬qidād feather of an
arrow │ ‫( حذو القذة بالقذة‬ḥadwa) exactly
identical, deceptively alike
‫ قذر‬qadira a (qadar) and qadura u (‫قذارة‬
qadāra) to be or become dirty, unclean,
filthy II to make dirty, soil, sully,
contaminate, pollute, defile (‫ ه‬،‫ ھـ‬s.o.,
s.th.) X to find or deem (‫ ه‬،‫ ھـ‬s.o., s.th.)
dirty, unclean, impure, filthy, squalid
‫ قذر‬qadar uncleanliness, impurity; (pl.
‫ اقذار‬aqdār) dirt, filth, squalor
‫ قذر‬qadir, qadr dirty, unclean, impure,
filthy, squalid
‫ قذر‬qadir dainty, fastidious, squeamish
‫ قذارة‬qadāra dirtiness, uncleanliness,
impurity, filthiness, squalidness
 ‫ قاذورة‬qādūra pl. -āt dirt, filth, squalor;
rubbish, garbage; (moral) defilement
‫ مقاذر‬maqādir2 dirty things, dirt, filth ‫ قذال‬qadāl pl. ‫ قذل‬qudul, ‫ اقذلة‬aqdila occiput
‫ قذع‬qada‘a a (qad‘) to defame, malign, vilify (‫ه‬
s.o.), backbite, wag an evil tongue, make
slanderous remarks
‫ قذف‬qadafa i (qadf) to throw, cast (‫ ب‬or
‫ ھـ‬s.th.); to throw away, discard (‫ ب‬or ‫ھـ‬
s.th.); to fling, hurl, toss (‫ ب‬or ‫ ھـ‬s.th.); to
hurl down, toss down (‫ ب‬or ‫ ه‬،‫ ھـ‬s.o.,
s.th.); to push, shove (‫ ب‬or ‫ ه‬،‫ ھـ‬s.o., s.th.);
to row, oar (‫ ب‬or ‫ ھـ‬s.th.); to eject, emit,
discharge (‫ ب‬or ‫ ھـ‬s.th.); to expel (‫ ب‬or ،‫ب‬
‫ ه‬s.o., s.th.); to evict, oust (‫ ب‬or ‫ ه‬s.o.); to
drop (‫ ب‬s.th.); to pelt (‫ ه‬،‫ ب ھـ‬s.o. with); to
defame, slander, calumniate (‫ ه‬s.o.); to
accuse (‫ ب ه‬s.o. of), charge (‫ ب ه‬s.o. with);
to vomit │ ‫ قذفه بالقنابل‬to bomb s.th., strafe
s.th. with bombs; ‫ قذف عليه الشتائم‬to hurl
abusive language at s.o. II to row, oar 750
VI to pelt one another (‫ ب‬with); to throw
to each other, throw back and forth (‫ھـ‬
s.th.); to shove around, push around (‫ ه‬or
‫ ب‬s.o.) │ ‫( تقاذفت به األمواج‬amwāju) to be
tossed about by the waves VII to be
thrown, be cast, be flung, be hurled, be
tossed, be flung off
‫ قذف‬qadf defamation; calumny, slander,
false accusation (esp., of fornication; Isl.
Law); rowing, oaring │ ‫القذف بالقنابل‬
bombing, bombardment; ‫طائرة قذف القنابل‬
bomber
‫ قذفي‬qadfī slanderous, libelous,
defamatory
‫ قذاف‬qaddāf: ‫( طيارة قذافة‬ṭayyāra)
bomber
‫ قذيفة‬qadīfa pl. ‫ قذائف‬qada’if2 projectile;
bomb; shell; fuse, detonator │ ‫قذيفة نسافة‬
(nassāfa) torpedo; ‫( قذيفة يدوية‬yadawīya)
hand grenade
‫ مقذف‬miqdaf pl. ‫ مقاذف‬maqādif2 oar,
paddle
‫ مقذاف‬miqdāf pl. ‫ مقاذيف‬maqādīf2 oar,
paddle
‫ تقذيف‬taqdīf rowing, oaring
‫ قاذفة‬qādifa: ‫ قاذفة القنابل‬pl. ‫قاذفات القنابل‬
bomber; ‫ قاذفة اللھب‬q. al-lahab or ‫قاذفة النار‬
flame thrower
‫ مقذوف‬maqdūf pl. ‫ مقاذيف‬maqādīf2 and
‫ مقذوفة‬maqdūfa pl. -āt missile; projectile
‫ قذى‬IV: ‫‘( اقذى عينه‬ainahū) to vex, annoy, gall
s.o., cause s.o. worry
‫ قذى‬qadan (coll.; n. un. ‫ قذاة‬qadāh) s.th.
that gets in one's eye or into a beverage, a
floating impurity, mote, speck; foreign
body in the eye │ ‫‘( قذى في عينه‬ainihī) an
odious thing, approx.: an eyesore, a thorn
in the flesh; ‫( اغضى على القذى‬agḍā) to bear
annoyance patiently, grin and bear it,
swallow the bitter pill; ‫غمض جفونه على القذى‬
(gammaḍa jufūnahū) do.
‫ قذى‬qidan pl. ‫ اقذاء‬aqdā’ fine dust; pl.
‫ اقذاء‬particles floating in the air
‫ قر‬qarra (1st pers. perf. qarartu) i, (1st
pers. perf. qarirtu) a (‫ قرار‬qarār) to settle
down, establish o.s., become settled or
sedentary, take up one's residence, rest,
abide, dwell, live, reside, remain, stay,
linger (‫ ب‬or ‫ في‬in, at a place) │ ‫قر الرأي على‬
(ra’yu) it was decided to ..., the decision
was reached to …, a resolution was passed
on s.th. or to the effect that; ‫قر رأيه على‬
(ra’yuhū) to resolve, determine on s.th.,
make up one’s mind to (do s.th.), decide,
make a decision for or on or to do s.th.; ‫ال‬
‫ يقر له حال‬to be flighty, be of unstable
temperament; ‫( ال يقر له قرار‬qarār) to be
restless, restive, uneasy, wavering,
undecided; -- qarra a i (qarr) to be cold,
chilly, cool │ ‫‘( قر عينا‬ainan) to be of good
cheer; ‫‘( قرت عينه‬ainuhū) to be glad, be
delighted (‫ ب‬at) II to settle, make
sedentary (‫ في ه‬s.o. in, at a place), establish
(‫ في ه‬s.th. in); to fix, settle, appoint, assign,
schedule, determine, stipulate, regulate (‫ھـ‬
s.th.); to decide (‫ ھـ‬s.th.); to determine,
resolve, decide (‫ ھـ‬on s.th.); to confirm,
establish, affirm, aver (‫ ھـ‬s.th.); to report,
relate, tell (‫ ھـ‬s.th.); to make a report, give
a paper (‫ عن‬on); to make a statement; to
force s.o. (‫ )ه‬to confess or acknowledge
s.th. (‫ على‬or ‫)ب‬, make s.o. (‫ )ه‬confess or
acknowledge s.th. (‫ على‬or ‫ )ب‬IV to settle,
make sedentary (‫ في ھـ‬s.o. in, at a place),
establish (‫ في ھـ‬s.th. in); to safeguard (‫ھـ‬
s.th.); to have (‫ ه‬s.o.) sit down, seat (‫ ه‬s.o.,
‫ في‬in, in a seat); to set up, institute (‫ھـ‬
s.th.); to found, establish (‫ ھـ‬s.th.); to
install, instate (‫ في‬s.o. in an office); to
confirm, establish, affirm, aver (‫ ھـ‬s.th.);
to agree, consent (‫ ب‬or ‫ ھـ‬to); to
acknowledge, own (‫ ب‬or ‫ ھـ‬s.th.); to
confess, avow, admit (‫ ب‬s.th.), own (‫ ب‬to
s.th.); to concede, 751 grant (‫ ھـ‬or ‫ ب ل‬to
s.o. s.th.) │ ‫‘( اقر عينه‬ainahū) (to cool
s.o.’s eye =) to gladden, delight s.o. V to
be fixed, be settled, be appointed, be
scheduled, be determined, be regulated, be
stipulated, be decided; to resolve itself
(situation) X to settle down, establish o.s.
become settled or sedentary, take up
one’s residence (‫ ب‬or ‫ في‬in. at a place); to
come to rest (‫ ب‬or ‫ في‬in, at a place); to
rest, abide, dwell, live, reside, remain,
stay, linger (‫ ب‬or ‫ في‬in, at a place, ‫ الى‬with
s.o.); to be firmly embedded, got stuck,
get lodged (‫ في‬in); to be firm, solid,
enduring, durable, lasting, stable; to
become stabilized, stabilize, be
consolidated (situation, conditional;
ultimately to attain (‫ على‬a state or
condition), finally find a firm position (
‫ على‬in); to become finally (‫ على‬s.th.),
ultimately turn into s.th. (‫ ;)على‬to be
established, settled, fixed; to be stationary
│ ‫( استقر خاطره على‬kāṭiruhū) his mind
dwelled on …; ‫( استقر الرأي على‬ra’yu) it
was decided to the decision was reached
to ...; a resolution was passed on s.th. or to
the effect that; ‫( استقر رأيه على‬ra’yuhū) to
resolve, determine on s.th., make up one’s
mind to (do s.th.), decide, make a decision
for or on or to do s.th.; ‫ استقر له األمور‬his
situation had stabilized; ‫ال يستقر له قرار‬
(qarārun) to be restless, restive, uneasy,
wavering, undecided; ‫لم نستقر بعد على حال‬
(ba‘du) we haven’t yet arrived at, a lasting
solution, we haven’t yet attained a
definitive position; ‫ استقر امره على‬he finally
became ..., he ended up as ...; ‫استقر في نفسه‬
to be a positive fact with s.o., be beyond
doubt for s.o.; ‫)استقر به المقام )المكان‬
(muqāmu, makānu) to settle down
permanently; to sit down; not to move
from one’s seat; ‫( استقر به المجلس‬majlisu) to
sit down, get seated, take a seat; ‫استقر به‬
‫ الحال‬to be firmly established, be settled; to
be in a secure position
‫ قر‬qarr cold, chilly, cool
‫ قر‬qurr cold, coldness, chilliness,
coolness
‫ قرة‬qirra cold, coldness, chilliness,
coolness
‫ قرة العين‬qurrat al-‘ain consolation for
the eye; delight of the eye; joy, pleasure,
delight; darling; (bot.) cress
‫ قرار‬qarār sedentariness, settledness,
stationariness, sedentation; fixedness,
fixity; firmness, solidity; steadiness,
constancy, continuance, permanency,
stability; repose, rest, stillness; duration;
abode, dwelling, habitation; residence;
resting place; bottom (e.g., of a
receptacle); depth (of the sea); (pl. -āt)
decision, resolution │ ‫( ال قرار له‬lā qarāra)
inconstant, changeable, unstable;
bottomless, unfathomable, immeasurable;
‫ دار القرار‬the hereafter, the world to come;
O ‫ قرار الموجه‬q. al-maujah wave trough
(techn.); ‫ قرارات التعديل‬modifying
regulations
‫ قرارة‬qarāra bottom; low ground,
depression, depth │ ‫( في قرارة النفس‬q. in-
nafs) in the depth of the heart
‫ قرير‬qarīr: ‫ قرير العين‬q. al-‘ain happy,
gratified, delighted, glad
‫ قارورة‬qārūra pl. ‫ قوارير‬qawārīr22 long-
necked bottle
‫ مقر‬maqarr pl. ‫ مقار‬maqārr2 abode,
dwelling, habitation; residence; storage
place; seat center; site, place; station;
position (at sea) │ ‫ مقر العمل‬m. al-‘amal
place of employment; ‫مقر القيادة‬
headquarters; ‫ مقر الوظيفة‬official seat, seat
of office
‫ تقرير‬taqrīr establishment, settlement;
fixation; appointment, assignment,
regulation, arrangement, stipulation;
determination; decision; (pl. ‫تقارير‬
taqārīr2) report, account │ ‫تقرير المصير‬
self-determination (pol.); ‫حق الشعوب في‬
‫( تقرير مصيرھا‬ḥaqq aš-š.) the right of
peoples to self-determination; ‫تقرير الحالة‬
٧٥٢ ‫( الجوية‬gawwīya) weather report; ‫تقرير‬
‫ الشرطة‬t. aš-šurṭa police report
‫ إقرار‬iqrār settling, settlement (of
nomads); setting up, institution,
establishment; foundation; installation,
 instatement; delivery of a confirmation or
assurance; confirmation, affirmation,
averment; assurance; acknowledgment;
confession, avowal, admission
‫ استقرار‬istiqrār sedentariness,
settledness, stationariness, sedentation;
remaining, abiding, lingering, stay,
sojourn; settling, settlement,
establishment; steadiness, constancy,
continuance, permanency; strengthening,
consolidation, stabilization, stability;
repose, rest, stillness
‫ قار‬qārr sedentary, settled, resident;
standing, permanent; fixed, stationary;
cold, chilly, cool │ ‫األداءات )غير( القارة‬
(adā’āt) (in)direct taxes (magr.); ‫لجنة قارة‬
(lajna) permanent committee, standing
committee
‫ قارة‬qārra pl. -āt continent, mainland
‫ مقرر‬muqarrir pl. -ūn reporter (in
general and of a newspaper)
‫ مقرر‬muqarrar established, settled;
fixed, determined, decided, appointed,
assigned, scheduled, regulated, stipulated,
decreed; (pl. -āt) curriculum; ‫مقررات‬
decisions │ ‫ مقرر الميزانية‬m. al-mīzānīya the
proposed budget; ‫ حقيقة مقررة‬accomplished
fact; ‫ اموال مقررة‬direct taxes
‫ مستقر‬mustaqirr sedentary, settled,
resident; firmly established, deep-seated,
deep-rooted; fixed, immobile, stationary;
firm, solid, enduring, durable, lasting,
stable
‫ مستقر‬mustaqarr abode, dwelling,
habitation; residence; seat; resting place
‫ قرأ‬qara’a a (‫ قراءة‬qirā’a) to declaim, recite (‫ھـ‬
s.th., esp. the Koran; ‫ ھـ على‬to s.o. s.th.); to
read (‫ ھـ‬s.th.; ‫ ھـ ل‬or ‫ على‬s.o. s.th.); to
peruse (‫ ھـ‬s.th.); to study (‫ ھـ ھـ على‬under
s.o. s.th.) │ ‫( قرأ عليه السالم‬salāma) to greet,
salute s.o.; to extend greeting, to s.o.; ‫قرأ‬
‫ حسابه ل‬to reckon with s.th., take s.th. into
account; ‫( قرأ له الف حساب‬alfa ḥ.) to have a
thousand apprehensions about s.th. IV to
make or have (‫ ه‬s.o.) read (‫ ھـ‬s.th.); to
teach (‫ ه‬s.o.) the art of reciting (‫ ه‬s.th.); to
teach (‫ ه‬s.o.) how to read (‫ ھـ‬s.th.) │ ‫اقرأه‬
‫( السالم‬salāma) to extend greetings to s.o.
X to ask s.o. (‫ )ه‬to recite or read; to
investigate, examine, explore (‫ ھـ‬s.th.),
search (‫ ھـ‬into s.th.); to study thoroughly (
‫ ھـ‬s.th.)
‫ قرء‬qur’ pl. ‫ قروء‬qurū’ menses,
menstruation
‫ قراءة‬qirā’a pl. -āt recitation, recital
(esp. of the Koran); reading (also, e.g., of
measuring instruments; parl.); manner of
recitation, punctuation and vocalization of
the Koranic text │ ‫ قراءة الكف‬q. al-kaff
chiromancy, palmistry
‫ القرآن‬al-qur’ān the Koran
‫ قرآني‬qur’ānī Koranic, of or pertaining
to the Koran
‫ استقراء‬istiqrā’ pl. -āt investigation,
examination, exploration; see also under
‫قرو‬
‫ استقرائي‬istiqrā’ī see under ‫قرو‬
‫ قارئ‬qārī’ pl. -ūn, ‫ قراء‬qurrā’ reciter
(esp. of the Koran); reader │ ‫ قارئ الكف‬q.
al-kaff chiromancer, palmist
‫ مقروء‬maqrū’ read (past part.); legible,
readable; worth reading
‫ مقرئ‬muqri’ reciter of the Koran
‫ قراج‬qarāž pl. -āt (Saudi Arabian spelling)
garage
1
‫ قرب‬qaruba u (qurb, ‫ مقربة‬maqraba) to be near
(‫ الى‬or ‫ من‬to s.o., to s.th.); to come near,
get close (‫ الى‬or ‫ من‬to s.o., to s.th.), close
in (‫ الى‬or ‫ من‬on s.o., on s.th.), approach
753
(‫ الى‬or ‫ من‬s.o., s.th.); to approximate (‫الى‬
or ‫ من‬s.th.); - qariba a to be near (‫ ه‬،‫ ھـ‬to
s.o., to s.th.); to come near, get close (‫ ه‬،‫ھـ‬
to s.o., to s.th.), close in (‫ ه‬،‫ ھـ‬on s.o., on
s.th.), approach (‫ ه‬،‫ ھـ‬s.o., s.th.); to
approximate (‫ ھـ‬s.th.); to draw near, be
coming on, approach │ ‫ما يقرب من‬
(yaqrubu) (with foll. figure)
approximately, about, some, circa II to
cause or allow (‫ ه‬،‫ ھـ‬s.o., s.th.) to come
near or get close (‫ الى‬or ‫ من‬to s.th.), make
or let (‫ ه‬،‫ ھـ‬s.o., s.th.) approach (‫ الى‬or ‫من‬
s.th.), bring close (‫ ه‬،‫ ھـ‬s.o., s.th.; ‫ الى‬or ‫من‬
to s.th.), advance, move (‫ ه‬،‫ ھـ‬s.o., s.th.; ‫الى‬
or ‫ من‬toward s.th.), approximate (o s.th.;
‫ الى‬or ‫ من‬to); to bring home (‫ ھـ من‬or ‫ الى‬to
s.o. s.th., e.g., an idea); to take as associate
or companion (‫ من ه‬s.o. for o.s.); to bring
closer to comprehension, reveal more
fully (‫ ھـ‬s.th.), clarify the concept,
facilitate the understanding (‫ ھـ‬of s.th.) ; to
offer up, present (‫ ھـ ل‬to God as sacrifice);
(Chr.) to administer Communion (‫ ه‬to
s.o.); to sheathe, put into the scabbard (‫ھـ‬
the sword) │ ‫ قرب بينھم‬to bring people
closer together, make peace among
people, reconcile people III to be near (،‫ھـ‬
‫ ه‬to s.o., to s.th.); to come near, come
close, get close (‫ ه‬،‫ ھـ‬to s.o., to s.th.), close
in (‫ ه‬،‫ ھـ‬on s.o., on s.th.), approach (‫ ه‬،‫ھـ‬
s.o., s.th.); to approximate (‫ ھـ‬s.th.); to be
almost equivalent (‫ ھـ‬with s.th.), amount
to almost the same thing (‫ ھـ‬as s.th.); to be
on the point (‫ ان‬of doing s.th.), be about (
‫ ان‬to do s.th.); to bring (close) together (‫بين‬
‫ – و‬different things) V to approach (‫ من‬or
‫ الى‬s.o., s.th.), come or get near s.o., near
s.th. (‫ من‬or ‫)الى‬, come close, get close (‫من‬
or ‫ الى‬to s.o.), gain access (‫ من‬or ‫ الى‬to
s.o.); to seek to gain s.o.’s (‫ )الى‬favor,
curry favor (‫ الى‬with s.o.); (Chr.) to
receive Communion VI to be or come
near each other, approach one another,
approximate each other VIII to approach (
‫ من‬s.o., s.th.), come, advance, or get near
s.o. or s.th. (‫)من‬, come close, get close (‫من‬
to) X to find near, regard as near (‫ ھـ‬s.th.)
‫ قرب‬qurb nearness, closeness,
proximity, vicinity; qurba (prep.) in the
vicinity of, near, toward │ ‫قرب الظھر‬
qurba ẓ-ẓuhr toward noon; ‫ بقرب‬or ‫بالقرب‬
‫ من‬in the vicinity of, near, close to; ‫عن قرب‬
from a short distance, from close up
‫ قربة‬qirba pl. -āt, ‫ قرب‬qirab waterskin;
-- (pl. ‫ قرب‬qirab) bagpipe
‫ قربى‬qurbā relation, relationship,
kinship │ ‫ ذو القربى‬pl. ‫ ذوو القربى‬dawū l-q.
relative, relation
‫ قريب‬qarīb near (in place and time),
nearby, close at hand; in the neighborhood
or vicinity (‫ الى‬or ‫ من‬of s.o., of s.th.), close
(‫ الى‬or ‫ من‬to s.o., to s.th.), adjacent (‫ الى‬or
‫ من‬to s.th.); easily understood, simple; (pl.
‫ اقرباء‬aqribā’2) relative, relation; ‫قريبا‬
qarīban soon, before long, shortly, in the
near future; recently, lately, not long ago,
the other day │ ‫ من قريب‬and ‫عما قريب‬
(‘ammā q.) soon, before long, shortly, in
the near future; ‫ ال – من قريب او بعيد‬not -- in
the least, not by a far cry; ‫ في القريب العاجل‬in
the immediate future; ‫قريب من الحسن‬
(ḥasan) fair, fairly good (as a school-
report grade); ‫ قريب العھد‬q. al-‘ahd recent,
new, young; ‫ من عھد قريب‬since recently, of
late, of a recent date; recently, lately, not
long ago, the other day; ‫قريب العھد ب‬
having adopted or acquired s.th. very
recently; not long familiar or acquainted
with s.th., inexperienced at s.th., a novice
in s.th.; ‫ قريب التناول‬q. at-tanāwul easy to
understand
‫ قراب‬qirāb pl. ‫ قرب‬qurub, ‫ اقربة‬aqriba
sheath, scabbard (of a .word); receptacle,
container, case, etui, covering
‫ قرابة‬qarāba relation, relationship,
kinship 754
‫ قرابة‬qurāba: ‫ قرابة ثالثة اعوام‬qurabata
talātati a‘wām almost three years
‫ قربان‬qurbān pl. ‫ قرابين‬qarābīn2
sacrifice, offering, immolation, oblation;
Mass (Chr.); Eucharist (Chr.) │ ‫قربان الشكر‬
q. aš-šukr thank offering; ‫‘ عيد القربان‬īd al-
q. Corpus Christi (Chr.); ‫تناول القربان‬
(tanāwala) to receive Communion (Chr.);
‫ رفع القربان على‬or ‫( قدم القربان على‬qaddama) to
read Mass for s.o. (Chr.)
‫ قربانة‬qurbāna Host; Communion (Chr.)
‫ اقرب‬aqrab2 nearer, nearest, next; more
probable, more likely; probable, likely; pl.
‫ اقربون‬aqrabūn, ‫ اقارب‬aqārib2 relations,
relatives │ ‫( اقرب الى الفھم‬fahm) easier to
understand, more comprehensible; ‫ھم اقرب‬
‫( )الى الصحة )الصواب‬ṣiḥḥa, ṣawab) it is quite
probable, it is fairly correct, it is rather
exact, it comes fairly close to the troth; ‫في‬
‫ )اقرب وقت )ممكن‬fī aqrabi waqtin
(mumkinin) or ‫( باقرب ما يمكن‬yumkinu) as
soon as possible, in the shortest time
possible
‫ مقرب‬maqrab pl. ‫ مقارب‬maqārib2 nearest
or shortest way, short cut
‫ مقربة‬maqraba, maqruba nearness,
closeness, proximity, vicinity; (pl. ‫مقارب‬
maqārib2) nearest or shortest way, short
cut │ ‫ على مقربة‬nearby, close at hand; ‫على‬
‫ مقربة‬in the vicinity of, near, close to
‫ تقريب‬taqrīb approximation │ ‫تقريبا‬
taqrīban, ‫ بوجه التقريب‬،‫ بالتقريب‬bi-wajh t-t.
or ‫ على التقريب‬approximately, almost,
 nearly, roughly, about; ‫ محسوس تقريبا‬just
barely perceptible
‫ تقريبي‬taqrībī approximate,
approximative
‫ تقرب‬taqarrub approach; approximation
(‫ من‬to)
‫ تقارب‬taqārub mutual approach; mutual
approximation; rapprochement
‫ اقتراب‬iqtirāb approach; approximation
‫ مقرب‬muqarrab pl. -ūn close
companion, favorite, protégé, intimate
‫ مقارب‬muqārib approximate,
approximative, estimated; mediocre,
medium, of medium quality
‫ متقارب‬mutaqārib close together,
following in close intervals, consecutive,
successive, subsequent; ‫ المتقارب‬name of a
poetical meter
2
‫ قارب‬qārib pl. ‫ قوارب‬qawārib boat, skiff │
‫ قارب‬q. az-zubda (eg.) sauceboat for
melted butter; ‫( قارب‬musallaḥ) gunboat;
‫ قارب النجاة‬q. an-najāh lifeboat; ‫قارب التنقيب‬
‫ عن األلغام‬mine sweeper; ‫قارب ناري‬
motorboat
‫ قواربي‬qawāribī boatman
‫ قربوس‬qarabūs (qarbūs) pl. ‫ قرابيس‬qarābīs2
saddlebow
‫ قربينة‬qarabīna pl. -āt carbine
‫ قرح‬qaraḥa a (qarḥ) to wound (‫ ه‬s.o.); --
qariḥa a (qaraḥ) to ulcerate, fester; to be
covered with ulcers, be ulcerous II to
wound (‫ ه‬s.o.) V to ulcerate, fester; to be
covered with ulcers, be ulcerous VIII to
invent, originate, think up (‫ ھـ‬s.th.); to
improvise, extemporize, deliver off-hand (
‫ ھـ‬a speech); to demand in a brash or
imperious manner (‫ ھـ‬or ‫ ب على‬of s.o.
s.th.); to propose, suggest (‫ ھـ على‬to s.o.
s.th.)
‫ قرح‬garḥ pl. ‫ قروح‬qurūḥ wound; ulcer,
sore
‫ قرح‬qariḥ covered with ulcers,
ulcerous, ulcerated; ulcerating, festering
‫ قرحة‬qarḥa pl. ‫ قرح‬qiraḥ ulcer, sore;
abscess, boil │ ‫( القرحة الرخوة‬rakwa) soft
chancre, chancroid (med.)
‫ قراح‬qarāḥ pure, limpid, clear (esp.
water) 755
‫ قريح‬qarīḥ pure, limpid, clear (esp.
water)
‫ قريحة‬qarīḥa pl. ‫ قرائح‬qarā’iḥ2 natural
disposition, innate disposition, bent;
genius, talent, gift, faculty
‫ تقرح‬taqarruḥ ulceration
‫ اقتراح‬iqtirāḥ invention, improvisation;
(pl. -āt) proposition, proposal, suggestion;
motion
‫ مقرح‬muqarraḥ covered with ulcers,
ulcerous, ulcerated
‫ متقرح‬mutaqarriḥ covered with ulcers,
ulcerous, ulcerated; ulcerating, festering
‫ مقترح‬muqtaraḥ pl. -āt proposition,
proposal, suggestion; motion
‫ قرد‬qird pl. ‫ قردة‬qirada, ‫ قرود‬qurūd ape,
monkey
‫ قرد‬qurd (coll.; n. un. ‫ )ة‬tick (zool.)
‫ قراد‬qurād (coll.; n. un. ‫ )ة‬pl. ‫قردان‬
qirdān tick, ticks (zool.) │ ‫ ابو قردان‬abū q.
(eg.) white egret (zool.)
‫ مقرود‬maqrūd exhausted
‫ قريدس‬quraidis (syr.) shrimp (zool.)
‫ قرس‬qarasa a (qaras) to he severe, fierce,
biting, grim (the cold) II to freeze, make
torpid, (be)numb, nip (‫ ه‬،‫ ھـ‬s.o., s.th.; of
the cold)
‫ قارس‬qāris severe, fierce, biting, grim
(of the cold); very cold, bitterly cold,
freezing, frozen
‫ قرش‬qaraša i u (qarš) to gnash, grind (one’s
teeth); to nibble, crunch, chew (‫ ھـ‬s.th.); --
qaraša i (qarī), II and VIII to earn money,
make a living (‫ لعياله‬li-‘iyālihī for one’s
family)
‫ قرش‬qirš shark (zool.); (pl. ‫ قروش‬qurūš)
piaster │ ‫( قرش صاغ‬eg., = ½ Eg. pound)
standard piaster; ‫( قرش تعريفة‬eg., = ½ ‫قرش‬
‫ )صاغ‬little piaster
‫ قريش‬quraiš Koreish, name of an ‫ھـ‬rab
tribe in ancient Mecca
‫ قرشي‬qurašī of, pertaining to, or
belonging to the Koreish tribe; Koreishite
 ‫ قريش‬qarīš, ‫ قريشة‬qarīša sour cheese
‫ مقرش‬muqriš rich, well-to-do,
prosperous, wealthy, moneyed
‫ قرص‬qaraṣa u (qarṣ) to pinch, nip, tweak (‫ ه‬،‫ھـ‬
s.o., s.th.); to scratch (‫ ه‬،‫ ھـ‬s.o., s.th.); to
bite, sting (‫ ه‬s.o.; of a gnat, flea, and the
like) │ ‫( قرصه بلسانه‬bi-lisānihī to hurt s.o.
with words II to pinch or nip sharply,
tweak (‫ ه‬،‫ ھـ‬s.o., s.th.); to scratch all over (
‫ ه‬،‫ ھـ‬s.o., s.th.); to shape into round, flat
loaves (‫ العجين‬the dough)
‫ قرص‬qurṣ pl. ‫ اقراص‬aqrāṣ round, flat
loaf of bread; (flat, circular) plate, disk,
discus; phonograph record, disc; sheave,
pulley (mech.); tablet, pastille, lozenge,
troche │ ‫ قرص األرقام‬dial (of a telephone);
‫ اقراص عجوة‬a. ‘ajwa a pastry mode of rich
dough with almonds and date paste (syr.);
‫ قرص عسل‬q. ‘asal honeycomb; ‫جلب النار‬
‫( لقرصه‬nāra) approx.: to feather one’s nest,
have an eye out for one’s own interest,
know on which side one’s bread is
buttered
‫ قرصي‬qurṣī: ‫ قرصي الشكل‬q. aš-šakl disk-
like, disk-shaped, discoid, discous
‫ قرصة‬qurṣa pl. ‫ قرص‬quraṣ round, flat
loaf of bread
‫ قرصة‬qarṣa pl. qaraṣāt pinch, nip,
tweak; bite, sting (of s gnat, lies, and the
like); crowbar, pinch bar, handspike, lever
‫ قريص‬qurraiṣ stinging nettle (Urtica
urens L.; bot.)
‫ قراصة‬qarrāṣa pincers, nippers
‫ قراصية‬qarāṣīya (syr.) small, black
plums; (eg.) prunes 756
‫ قارص‬qāriṣ, biting; stinging; painful,
nipping, tormenting (e.g., cold) │ ‫قوارص‬
‫ الكلمات‬q. al-kalimāt biting words
‫ قرصنة‬qarṣana piracy, robbery on the high seas
freebooting
‫ قرصان‬qurṣān pl. ‫ قراصن‬qarāṣin2, ‫قراصين‬
qarāṣīn2 corsair, pirate, freebooter
‫ قرطاجنة‬see ‫قرطجنة‬
‫ قرض‬qaraḍ i (qarḍ) to cut, sever, cut off, clip (
‫ ھـ‬s.th.); to gnaw (‫ ھـ‬s.th. or on s.th.),
nibble (‫ ھـ‬s.th. or at s.th.), bite, champ (‫ھـ‬
s.th.), eat (‫ ھـ‬into s.th.), corrode (‫ ھـ‬s.th.) │
‫( قرض رباطه‬ribāṭahū) to die; ‫قرض الشعر‬
(ši‘ra) to write poetry, make verses II = I; ‫ قرطجنة‬qarṭajanna2, ‫ قرطاجنة‬Carthage
IV to loan, lend, or advance, money (‫ ه‬to
s.o.); to lend (‫ ھـ ه‬to s.o. s.th.) VI ‫تقارضوا‬
‫( الثناء‬tanā’a) they competed in the recital
of eulogies VII to die out; to become
extinct; to perish VIII to raise a loan (‫من‬
with), borrow (‫ من‬from) X to ask for a
loan (‫ من‬s.o.)
‫ قرض‬qarḍ (qirḍ) pl. ‫ قروض‬qurūḍ loan
│ ‫( قرض حسن‬ḥasan) interest-free loan with
unstipulsted due dste; ‫( قرض مالي‬mālī)
(monetary) loan; ‫ اسھم القرض‬ashum al-q.
bonds
‫ قريض‬qarīḍ poetry
‫ قراضة‬qurāḍa pl. -āt chips, shreds,
parings, shavings, scraps; iron filings
‫ قراضة‬qarrāḍa clothes moth
‫ مقراض‬miqrāḍ pl. ‫ مقاريض‬maqārīḍ2
scissors
‫ انقراض‬inqirāḍ dying out, gradual
disappearance; extinction
‫ اقتراض‬iqtirāḍ loan
‫ استقراض‬istiqrāḍ raising of a loan; loan
‫ القوارض‬al-qawāriḍ the rodents
‫ مقرض‬muqriḍ pl. -ūn moneylender;
lender
‫ منقرض‬munqariḍ extinct, exterminated,
perished
‫ قرط‬qaraṭa u (qarṭ) to cut into small
pieces, chop, mince (‫ ھـ‬s.th.) II do.; to
snuff, trim (‫ ھـ‬a candle, a wick); to
squeeze (‫ على‬s.th.); (eg.) to urge, ply (‫على‬
s.o.); to be stern, be strict (‫ على‬with s.o.);
to beset, harass, press hard (‫ على‬s.o.); to
give little (‫ على‬to s.o.), be illiberal, be
stingy (‫ على‬with s.o.), scrimp (‫ على‬s.o.)
‫ قرط‬qurṭ pl. ‫ اقراط‬aqrāṭ, ‫ قراط‬qirāṭ, ‫قروط‬
qurūṭ earring; eardrop, pendant for the ear
‫ تقريطة‬taqrīṭa pl. ‫ تقاريط‬taqārīṭ2 wrapper
worn by women (tun.)
2
‫ قيراط‬pl. ‫ قراريط‬look up alphabetically
‫ قرطاس‬qirṭās pl. ‫ قراطيس‬qarāṭīs2 paper; sheet of
paper; paper bag
‫ قرطبة‬qurṭuba2 Cordova (city in Spain)
‫ قرطس‬qarṭas paper; sheet of paper
‫ قرطم‬qarṭama to cut off, clip (‫ ھـ‬s.th.)
‫ قرطم‬qirṭim, qurṭum safflower
(Carthamus tinctorius; bot.)
‫ قرطمان‬qurṭumān oats
‫ قرظ‬II to praise, commend, laud, extol, acclaim
(‫ ه‬s.o.); to eulogize (‫ ھـ‬s.th.), lavish praise
(‫ ھـ‬on)
‫ قرظ‬qaraẓ pods of a species of sant tree
(Acacia nilotica; bot.)
‫ قريظ‬qarīẓ eulogy, encomium,
panegyric
‫ تقريظ‬taqrīẓ pl. -āt, ‫ تقاريظ‬taqārīẓ 2
eulogy, encomium, panegyric
‫ قرع‬qara‘a a (qar‘) to knock, rap (‫ ھـ‬at
s.th.); to hit, bump (‫ ھـ‬s.th. or against
s.th.); to strike, beat, thump (‫ ھـ‬against
s.th.; ‫ ه‬،‫ ب ھـ‬s.o., s.th. with; ‫ ب على‬with
s.th. on or s.th. else); to thrash. spank (‫ب ه‬
‫ ه‬s.o. with); to clink, touch (‫ ھـ‬glasses); to
757 ring, sound (e s.th.); -- qari‘a (qara‘)
to be or become bald(headed); to be
empty, bare, stark (place) │ ‫قرع الجرس‬
(jarasa) to ring the bell; ‫قرع سمعه‬
(sam‘ahū) to reach s.o.’s ear; ‫قرع سنه‬
(sinnahū) to gnash one’s teeth; ‫قرع سن الندم‬
‫( )ل )على‬sinna n-nadam) to repent s.th.;
‫ قرعه ضميره‬ḍamīrahū) his conscience
tormented or smote him, he had a guilty
conscience, he felt grave compunctions;
‫( قرع الكأس‬ka’sa) to touch glasses, drink to
s.o.’s (‫ )ل‬health II to scold, chide, opbraid
(‫ ه‬s.o.), snap (‫ ه‬at s.o.); to rebuke, blame,
censure (‫ ه‬s.o.) III to fight, come to blows
(‫ ه‬with s.o.); to bottle, fight (‫ ه‬s.o.); to
contend by force of arms (‫ ه عن‬with s.o.
for s.th.); to cast or draw lots (‫ ه‬with s.o.)
VI to hump against each other, clash; to
cast lots among each other (‫ على‬for) VIII
to cast lots among each other (‫ على‬for); to
vote, take a vote (‫ على‬on); to draw lots (‫ه‬
for s.o.). choose by lot (‫ ه‬s.o.); to muster,
recruit (‫ ه‬s.o.; mil.); to elect (‫ھـ‬, s.o., s.th.)
‫ قرع‬qar‘ knock(ing), rap(ping), beating,
striking, thumping; ring(ing)
‫ قرع‬qar‘ (coll.; n. un. ‫ )ة‬gourd, pumpkin
│ ‫( قرع صروف‬eg.) bottle gourd, calabash
(Lagenaria vulgaris Ser.; bot.); ‫قرع كوسى‬
q. kūsā (eg., syr.) zucchini (bot.)
‫ قرع‬qara‘ boldness, boldheadedness;
emptiness, bareness, starkness
‫ قرعة‬qar‘a (n. vic.) knock, rap, blow,
stroke, thump; -- (n. un.) gourd, pumpkin;
skull, head
‫ قرعي‬qar‘ī gourd-, pumpkin- (in
compounds), cucurbitaceous
‫ قرعة‬qur‘a pl. ‫ قرع‬qura‘ lot; ballot; lot-
casting; (mil.) conscription, recruitment
(by lot), balloting │ ‫قرعة عسكرية‬
(‘askarīya) enlistment, draft, recruitment
(mil.); ‫ انفار القرعة‬drafted recruits
‫ قراع‬qurā‘, ‫ مرض القراع‬maraḍ al-qurā‘ a
skin disease, ringworm (med.)
‫ قريع‬qar‘ exquisite, select │ ‫ قريع الدھر‬q.
ad-dahr the greatest hero of his time
‫ اقرع‬aqra‘2 bald; baldheaded; empty,
bare, stark; scabby, scurfy
‫ مقرعة‬miqra‘a pl. ‫ مقارع‬maqāri‘2
knocker, rapper (of a door); whip, switch;
cudgel, club
‫ تقريع‬taqrī‘ chiding, scolding, reproof,
rebuke, censure
‫ مقارعة‬muqāra‘a fight, struggle (with
genit. = against)
‫ اقتراع‬iqtirā‘ pl. -āt balloting,
recruitment, draft (mil.); vote (‫ على‬on);
election
‫ قارعة‬qāri‘a pl. ‫ قوارع‬qawāri‘2 (sudden)
misfortune, calamity; adversity; ‫ القارعة‬the
hour of the Last Judgment │ ‫قارعة الطريق‬
middle of the road, roadway; road,
highway; ‫( على قارعة الطرق‬ṭuruq) on the
open road
‫ قرف‬qarafa i (qarf) to peel, pare, bark, derind (
‫ ھـ‬s.th.); -- qarifa a (qaraf) to loathe (‫ھـ‬
s.th.), feel disgust (‫ ھـ‬for), be nauseated (‫ھـ‬
by) II to peel, pare, bark, derind (‫ ھـ‬s.th.);
to be loathsome, arouse disgust III to let
o.s. be tempted (‫ ھـ‬to a sin), yield (e to a
desire) VIII to commit, perpetrate (‫ ھـ‬a
crime)
‫ قرف‬qaraf loathing, disgust, detestation
‫ قرفة‬qirfa pl. ‫ قرف‬qiraf rind, bark, skin,
crust; scab, scurf; cinnamon

‫ قرافة‬qarāfa (eg.) cemetery, specif.,
graveyard below the Mokattam Hills near
Cairo
‫ قريفة‬qarīfa ill humor, ill temper
‫ قرفان‬qarfān (eg.) disgusted, nauseated,
sink and tired
‫ اقتراف‬iqtirāf commission, perpetration
(of a crime) 758
‫ مقرف‬muqrif loathsome, disgusting,
nauseating, repulsive, detestable
‫ مقترف‬muqtarif perpetrator (of a crime)
‫ قرفص‬qarfaṣa to squat on the ground (with
thighs against the stomach and arms
enfolding the legs)
‫ قرفصاء‬qurfuṣā’2 squatting, squatting
position │ ‫( جلس )قعد( القرفصاء‬qurfuṣā’a) to
squat on one’s heels
‫ قرفال‬qarfāl (coll.; n. un. ‫ )ة‬vetch
‫ قرق‬qaraqa u (qarq) to cluck (hen)
‫ قرقذان‬qarqadān squirrel
‫ قرقر‬qarqara (‫ قرقرة‬qarqara) to roll; to rumble
(stomach); to bray (camel); to coo
(pigeon); to purr (cat)
‫ قرقرة‬qarqara pl. ‫ قراقر‬qarāqir2
rumbling noise (in the stomach); gurgle;
braying (of a camel); cooing (of a pigeon);
purr(ing) (of a cat)
‫ قرقوش‬qarqūš pl. ‫ قراقيش‬qarāqīš2 cartilage
‫ قرقوشة‬qarqūša pl. ‫ قراقيش‬qarāqīš2 (eg.)
a kind of crisp cookies
‫ مقرقش‬muqarqaš (eg.) crisp(ed)
‫ قرقض‬qarqaḍa (eg.) to gnaw, bite (‫ ھـ‬on s.th.)
│ ‫ قرقض على اسنانه‬to gnash one’s teeth
‫ قرقع‬qarqa‘a to be noisy, boisterous; to creak,
grate; to crack, pop │ ‫قرقع ضاحكا )بالضحك‬
or) (ḍaḥk) to burst into loud laughter,
laugh noisily, guffaw; ‫( قرقع بسوطه‬bi-
sauṭihī) to crack the whip
‫ قرقعة‬qarqa‘a uproar, din, noise;
creaking, creaks, grating; crack(ing),
pop(ping); rumble, rumbling
‫ قرقوز‬qaraqōz (from Turk. karagöz) chief
character of the Turkish shadow play
‫ قرقول‬see ‫قرة قرقول‬
1
‫ قرم‬qarama i (qarm) to gnaw (‫ ھـ‬on s.th.),
nibble (‫ ھـ‬at s.th.)
‫ قرم‬qarm pl. ‫ قروم‬qurūm studhorse; lord,
master
‫ قرام‬qirām blanket, carpet, curtain
‫ مقرم‬miqram pl. ‫ مقارم‬maqārim2
bedcover, bedspread.
2
‫ قرمة‬qurma pl. ‫ قرم‬quram (eg.) tree stump;
log, block of wood; chopping block
3
‫ القرم‬al-qirim and ‫ القريم‬al-qirīm the Crimea
‫ قرمد‬qarmada to plaster, coat with plaster (‫ھـ‬
s.th.); to tile, cover with tile (‫ ھـ‬s.th.)
‫ قرمد‬qarmad (coll.) plaster; plaster of
Paris
‫ قرميد‬qirmīd (coll.; n. un. ‫ )ة‬pl. ‫قراميد‬
qarāmīd2 (fired) brick, roof tile; plaster of
Paris
‫ قرمز‬qirmiz kermes (the dried bodies of the
female kermes insect, coccus ilicis, which
yield a red dyestuff)
‫ قرمزي‬qirmizī crimson, carmine; scarlet
│ ‫( الحمى القرمزي‬ḥummā) scarlet fever
(med.)
‫ قرمش‬qarmaša (eg.) to eat s.th. dry (‫)ھـ‬,
crunch, nibble
‫ مقرمش‬muqarmaš dry, crisp
1
‫ قرمطي‬qarmaṭī Karmathian (adj. and n.); pl.
‫ قرامطة‬qarāmiṭa Karmathians
2
‫ قرموط‬qarmūṭ pl. ‫ قراميط‬qarāmīṭ2 a variety of
sheatfish (zool.; Eg.)
‫ قرن‬qarana i (qarn) to connect, link,
join, unite, combine, associate (‫ الى‬or ‫ب ھـ‬
s.th. with); to add (‫ الى ھـ‬s.th. to); to
couple, yoke together, hitch together, put
together, bind together (‫ ھـ‬s.th.) III to
unite, join forces, associate (‫ ه‬with s.o.); to
be simultaneous, go hand in hand (‫ ھـ‬with
s.th.); to compare (‫ ه‬،‫ ب ھـ‬or ‫ وبين‬-- ‫ بين‬s.o.,
s.th. with; ‫ بين شيئين‬two things with one
another), draw a parallel (‫ وبين‬-- ‫بين‬
between -- and; ‫ بين شيئين‬between two
things) IV to combine, 759 interrelate (‫بين‬
‫ شيئين‬two things) VIII to be connected, be
linked, be joined, be united, be combined,
be associated (‫ ب‬with); to combine,
associate, unite (‫ ب‬with); to get married,
be married (‫ ب‬to), marry (‫ ب‬s.o.); to be
coupled, be interconnected, be yoked
together, be tied together, be bound
together; to become interlinked, become
concatenate X to ripen, suppurate, come to
a head (of a furuncle)
‫ قرن‬qarn pl. ‫ قرون‬qurūn horn (of an
animal; as a wind instrument); feeler,
tentacle, antenna; top, summit, peak (of a
mountain); the lint visible part of the
rising sun; capsule, pod (bot.); century │
‫ ام القرن‬rhinoceros; ‫ وحيد القرن‬do.; ‫ذو القرنين‬
dū l-qarnain the two-horned (an epithet
given to Alexander the Great); ‫ قرن البحر‬q.
al-baḥr coral; ‫( قرن سمعي‬sam‘ī) ear
trumpet (= Fr, cornet acoustique); ‫القرون‬
‫( الوسطى‬wusṭā) the Middle Ages
‫ قرني‬qarnī horny, corneous, of born,
hornlike; leguminous, pertaining to, or of
the nature of, legumes; centennial,
centenary
‫ قرنية‬qarnīya cornea (anat.)
‫ قرن‬qirn pl. ‫ اقران‬aqrān (matched)
opponent in battle; an equal, a peer, a
match; companion, mate, fellow,
associate; equal, like
‫ قرنة‬qurna pl. ‫ قرن‬quran, ‫ قراني‬qurānī
salient angle, nook, corner
‫ قرين‬qarīn pl. ‫ قرناء‬quranā’2 connected,
joined, linked, combined, united,
associated, affiliated; companion, mate,
fellow, associate, comrade; husband,
spouse, consort; qarīna (prep.) in
connection with, in conjunction with,
upon, at │ ‫ منقطع القرين‬munqaṭi‘ al-q.
matchless, peerless, unrivaled,
incomparable, unique, singular
‫ قرينة‬qarīna pl. -āt wife, spouse,
consort; female demon haunting women,
specif., a childbed demon; eclampsia
(med.); -- (pl. ‫ قرائن‬qarā’in) connection,
conjunction, union, relation, affiliation,
association, linkage; (semantic or
syntactical) coherence, context; evidence,
indication, indicium │ ‫السيدة قرينته‬
(sayyida) his wife (formal style); ‫قرائن‬
‫ األحوال‬the concatenation of circumstances,
the indicia, factual evidence; ‫ضم قرينة الى‬
‫( قرينة‬ḍamm) combination
‫ اقرن‬aqran2, f. ‫ قرناء‬qarnā’2 horned,
horny; one with eyebrows grown together
│ ‫( حية قرن‬ḥayya) cerastes, horned viper
‫ قران‬qirān close union, close
connection: conjunction (astron.);
marriage, wedding
‫ مقارنة‬muqārana pl. -āt comparison │
‫ مقارنة اللغات‬m. al-lugāt comparative
linguistics
‫ اقتران‬iqtirān connection, conjunction,
union, association, affliliation; link,
connectedness, simultaneous interaction;
conjunction (astron.); new moon (as an
astronomical aspect); marriage, wedding
‫ مقرون‬maqrūn connected, joined,
linked, combined, united, associated,
affiliated (‫ ب‬with) │ ‫ مقرون الحاجبين‬m. al-
ḥājibain having joined eyebrows
‫ مقارن‬muqārin comparative (science)
‫ قرنبيط‬qarnabīṭ cauliflower
‫ قرنفل‬quranful carnation; clove
‫( قره جوز‬Eg. spelling; pronounced ’aragōz)
Karagōz, chief character of the shadow
play; Punch
‫ قره قول‬qaraqōl pl. -āt police station; guard
(military, police) │ ‫ قره قول الشرف‬q. aš-
šaraf guard of honor 760
‫ قرو‬V to follow up, investigate (‫ ھـ‬s.th.),
inquire (. into); to check. verify (‫ ھـ‬s.th.) X
to follow (‫ ھـ‬s.th.); to pursue (‫ ھـ‬s.th., e.g.,
a problem); to examine, study, investigate
(‫ ھـ‬s.th.); to explore (‫ ھـ‬s.th.)
‫ قرو‬qano pl. J) qurllw watering trough
│ ‫ خشب قرو‬kašab q. oak (wood)
‫ استقراء‬istiqrā’ induction (philos.); see
also under ‫قرأ‬
‫ استقرائي‬istiqrā’ī inductive (philos.)
‫ قرواطيا‬qaruwāṭiya Croatia
‫ قرواطي‬qaruwāṭī Croatian
‫ قروي‬see ‫قرى‬
‫ قرى‬qara i (‫ قرى‬qiran) to receive hospitably,
entertain (‫ ه‬s.o.) VIII = I
‫ قرى‬qiran hospitable reception,
entertainment (of a guest); meal served to
a guest
 ‫ قرية‬qarya pl. ‫ قرى‬quran village;
hamlet; small town; rural community;
‫ القريتان‬al-qaryatān Mecca and Taif; Mecca
and Medina │ ‫ ام القرى‬umm al-qurā Mecca
‫ قروي‬qarawī village-, country- (in
compounds), rustic, rural; peasant (adj.);
(pl. ‫ قرويون‬qarawīyūn) villager, rustic,
countryman, inhabitant of the country;
from Kairouan, Kairouan (adj.), an
inhabitant of Kairouan; a member of al
Qarawiya College in Fès (Morocco) │
‫ جامع القرويين‬mosque and college in Fès
(Morocco); ‫وزارة الشؤون البلدية والقروية‬
(baladīya) Ministry of Municipal and
Rural Affairs (Eg.)
‫ قروية‬qarawīya countrywoman, peasant
woman
‫ قرية‬qarīya pl. ‫ قرايا‬qarāyā yard (naut.)
‫ مقرى‬miqran vary hospitable
‫ مقراء‬miqrā’ very hospitable
‫ قار‬qārin villager
‫ قريدس‬quraidis (syr.) shrimp (zool.)
‫ قز‬qazza (1st pers. perf. qazaztu) u to loathe,
detest (‫ عن‬or ‫ ه‬،‫ ھـ‬s.o., s.th.) II to vitrify (‫ھـ‬
s.th.); to glaze (‫ ھـ‬s.th.) V to feel disgust (
‫ عن‬or ‫ من‬at), be nauseated (‫ عن‬or ‫ من‬by),
loathe, detest, abhor (‫ عن‬or ‫ من‬s.o., s.th.),
have an aversion (‫ عن‬or ‫ من‬to)
‫ قز‬qazz pl. ‫ قزوز‬quzūz silk; raw silk
‫ قزاز‬qizāz (eg.) glass
‫ قزاز‬qazzāz silk merchant
‫ قزازة‬qizāza pl. -āt, ‫ قزائز‬qazā’iz2 (eg.)
bottle
‫ قازوزة‬look up alphabetically
‫ تقزز‬taqazzuz loathing, disgust,
detestation, abhorrence, aversion
‫( قزان‬Turk. kazan) qazān pl. -āt kettle, large
boiler
‫ قزح‬II to embellish (‫ ھـ‬one’s speech)
‫ قوس قزح‬qausu qazaḥin or qausu
quzaḥa rainbow
‫ قزحية‬quzaḥīya iris (anat.)
‫ قزع‬qaza‘ (coll.; n. un. ‫ )ة‬wind-driven, tattered
clouds, scud; tuft of hair
‫( قزعة‬eg.) quz‘a dwarf, midget, pygmy
‫ قزيعة‬qazī‘a tuft of hair
‫ قزقز‬gazqaza (eg.) to crack (‫ ھـ‬nuts, shells)
‫ قزل‬qazal limp(ing)
‫ قزم‬qazam pl. ‫ اقزام‬aqzām dwarf, midget,
pygmy; Lilliputian; little fellow, shrimp,
hop-o’-my-thumb, whippersnapper
‫ قزموغرافيا‬quzmūgrāfiyā cosmography
‫ قزموغرافي‬quzmūgrāfī cosmographic(al)
‫ قزان‬look up alphabetically
‫ بحر قزوين‬baḥr qazwīn Caspian Sea 761
‫ قس‬qassa u (qass) to seek, pursue (‫ ھـ‬s.th.),
strive (‫ ھـ‬for), aspire (‫ ھـ‬to) V do.
‫ قس‬qass, qiss pl. ‫ قسوس‬qusūs, ‫قسس‬
qusus priest, presbyter, clergyman,
minister, parson, vicar, curate, pastor
(Chr.); -- qass (= ‫ )قص‬sternum, breastbone
‫ قساس‬qassās slanderer
‫ قسيس‬qissīs pl. -ūn, ‫ قساوسة‬qasāwisa,
‫ قسان‬qussān, ‫ اقسة‬aqissa, (Copt.-Chr.) ‫قساء‬
qussā’ priest, presbyter, clergyman,
minister, parson, vicar, curate, pastor
(Chr.)
‫ قسوسة‬qusūsa ministry, priesthood,
presbyterate (Chr.)
‫ رسامة قسوسية‬risāma qusūsīya ordination
(of a priest; Chr.)
‫ قسر‬qasara i (qasr) to force, compel, coerce,
constrain (‫ على ه‬s.o. to do s.th.); to
conquer, subdue, subjugate (‫ ه‬،‫ ھـ‬s.o., s.th.)
VIII = I
‫ قسر‬qasr force, compulsion, coercion,
constraint; ‫ قسرا‬qasran compulsorily,
forcibly, by force; of necessity,
necessarily, inevitably, perforce
‫ اقتسار‬iqtisār conquest, subdual,
subjugation
‫ قسط‬II to distribute (‫ ھـ‬s.th.); to pay in
installments (‫ ھـ‬s.th.) IV to act justly, in
fairness, equitably
‫ قسط‬qisṭ justice, fairness, equity,
equitableness, fair-mindedness, rightness,
correctness; (for sg. and pl.) just, fair,
equitable, fair-minded, right, correct; --
(pl. ‫ اقساط‬aqsāt) part; share, allotment;
portion; installment; quantity, amount,
 measure, extent │ ‫ على اقساط‬by
installments, gradually; ‫كان على قسط كبير من‬
to possess s.th. (a quality, a characteristic)
to a large extent, have a great deal of ...
‫ قسط‬qasaṭ stiffness of a joint, ankylosis
(med.)
‫ اقسط‬aqsaṭ juster, fairer; more correct
‫ تقسيط‬taqsīṭ payment in installments │
‫ بالتقسيط‬in installments, gradually
‫ مقسط‬muqsiṭ acting justly or with
fairness, doing right; just, fair
‫ قسطر‬qasṭara to test the genuineness (‫ ھـ‬of
coins)
‫ قسطاس‬qusṭās, qisṭās pl. ‫ قساطيس‬qasāṭīs2
balance, scales
1
‫ قسطل‬qasṭal pl. ‫ قساطل‬qasāṭil2 water pipe,
water main
2
‫ قسطل‬qasṭal (eg.) chestnut
3 section; department; group, class; district,
‫ بالد القساطلة‬bilād al-qasāṭila Castile, Spain
‫ القسطنطينية‬al-qasṭanṭīnīya Constantinople
‫ قسم‬qasama i (qasm) to divide, part,
split (‫ ھـ‬s.th.); to distribute, deal out,
parcel out (‫ على ھـ‬s.th. to, among), divide (
‫ على ه‬s.th. among); to let s.o. (‫ )ل‬share (‫في‬
s.th.). give s.o. (‫ )ل‬a .hare of s.th. (‫)في‬,
allot (‫ في ل‬to s.o. s.th.); to divide,
subdivide, partition, portion, break up (‫الى‬
‫ ھـ‬s.th. into), arrange, classify (‫ الى ه‬s.th.
in); to partition, to compartment (‫ ھـ‬s.th.);
to assign, apportion, decree, destine,
foreordain (‫ ھـ على‬or ‫ ل‬to s.o. s.th.; of God
or of fate); to divide (‫ ھـ على‬a number by
another) II to divide, part, split (‫ ھـ‬s.th.); to
distribute, deal out, parcel out, divide (‫ھـ‬
‫ بين‬s.th. among); to divide, subdivide,
partition, portion, break up (‫ ھـ‬s.th., ‫ ھـ‬or
‫ الى‬into), section (‫ ھـ‬s.th.), arrange, classify
(‫ ھـ‬s.th., ‫ ھـ‬or ‫ الى‬in); to partition, to
compartment (‫ ھـ‬s.th.); (Chr.) to
consecrate, ordain (‫ ھـ‬s.o.); to exorcise a
devil or demon (‫ على‬from s.o., by
adjuration) III to share (‫ ھـ ه‬with s.o. s.th.);
to bind o.s. by oath (‫ على ه‬to s.o. to do
s.th.) IV to take an oath, swear (‫ ب‬by; ‫على‬
‫ ل‬to s.o. s.th.; ‫ على ان‬to do s.th.) │ ‫اقسم عليه‬
‫( اال فعله‬illā fa‘alahū) to adjure or entreat
s.o. to do s.th.; ‫( اقسموا جھد ايمانھم‬jahda
aimānihim) 762 they swore by all that is
right and holy, they swore the most
solemn oaths; ‫( اقسم بمقدساتا‬muqadasātihī)
to swear by all that’s holy V to be divided,
be parted, be split; to be distributed, be
parceled out; to share (‫ ھـ‬،‫ ه‬a possession),
divide among themselves (‫ ه‬s.o., ‫ ھـ‬s.th.);
to scatter, disperse (‫ ھـ‬s.th.); to drive away,
dispel (‫ ھـ‬s.th.); to beset grievously, harass
or torment jointly (‫ ه‬s.o.) │ ‫تقسموه ضربا‬
‫( وجيعا‬ḍarban) they took turns in dealing
him painful blows, they gave him a severe
beating VI to divide or distribute among
themselves (‫ ھـ‬s.th.); to beset, harass,
torment (‫ ه‬s.o.; thoughts, worries, etc.) VII
to be divided, be parted, be split; to be
distributed, be dispersed, be separated; to
be divided, be subdivided, be portioned,
be broken up (‫ الى‬into) VIII to divide or
distribute among themselves (‫ ھـ‬s.th.) X to
seek an oracle from the deity, cast lots
‫ قسم‬qism pl. ‫ اقسام‬aqsām part, share,
allotment; portion; division, compartment;
precinct; police precinct, police station
(Eg.); administrative subdivision of a
muḥāaẓa (Eg.); subcommittee; kind, sort,
specimen, species
‫ قسمة‬qisma dividing, division,
distribution, allotment, apportionment;
(math.) division (‫ على‬by); (pl. ‫ قسم‬qisam)
part, portion, share, allotment; lot, destiny,
fate (foreordained by God)
‫ قسم‬qasam pl. ‫ اقسام‬aqsām oath; ‫قسما‬
qasaman I swear! ‫ قسما ب‬I swear by …!
‫ قسمات‬qasamāt, qasimāt features,
lineaments (of the face)
‫ قسام‬qasām and ‫ قسامة‬qasāma beauty,
elegance
‫ قسيم‬qasīm pl. ‫ قسماء‬qusamā’2, ‫اقسماء‬
aqsimā’2 sharer, partner, copartner,
participant; -- (pl. ‫ اقسماء‬aqsimā’2) part,
portion, share, allotment; counterpart
‫ قسيمة‬qasīma pl. ‫ قسائم‬qasā’im2 coupon;
receipt
‫ تقسيم‬taqsīm exorcism; (pl. -āt) dividing,
division, partition, parting, splitting,
sectioning, portioning; distribution,
allotment, apportionment; dealing out;
division, subdivision, partition(ment); pl.
‫ تقاسيم‬taqāsīm2 structure, build, proportions
(e.g., of the body); -- solo recital (mus.)
 ‫ تقسيمة‬taqsīma pl. ‫ تقاسيم‬taqāsīm2 short
solo piece for an instrument (mus.)
‫ مقاسمة‬muqāsama partnership,
participation, sharing
‫ انقسام‬inqisām division, split, disruption,
breakup; schism
‫ اقتسام‬iqtisām dividing, division,
distribution (among themselves)
‫ قام‬qāsim divider; distributor; divisor,
denominator (math.)
‫ مقسوم‬maqsūm dividend (math.); ‫مقسوم‬
‫ عليه‬divisor (math.)
‫ مقسم‬muqassim divider; distributor
‫ مقاسم‬muqāsim sharer, partner, co-
partner, participant
‫ قسنطينة‬qusanṭīna2 Constantine (city in NE
Algeria)
‫ )قسا )قسو‬qasā u (‫ قسوة‬qaswa, ‫ قساو‬qasāwa) to
be harsh, stern, cruel, merciless,
remorseless (‫ على‬toward s.o.); to handle
roughly, treat harshly, severely, cruelly,
without mercy (‫ على‬s.o.) II to harden,
indurate, render obdurate or impenitent (‫ھـ‬
the heart) III to undergo, suffer, endure,
sustain, bear, stand (‫ ھـ‬s.th.), bear up (‫ھـ‬
against s.th.) IV = II
‫ قسو‬qasw hardness, harshness,
grimness, sternness, severity, rigor,
austerity
‫ قسوة‬qaswa, hardness, harshness,
grimness, sternness, severity, rigor,
austerity; cruelty, mercilessness,
remorselessness 763
‫ قساوة‬qasāwa hardness, harshness,
grimness, sternness, severity, rigor,
austerity; cruelty, mercilessness,
remorselessness
‫ قسى‬qusīy hard, solid, firm
‫ اقسى‬aqsā harder, harsher, sterner,
severer; more cruel; more difficult
‫ مقاساة‬muqāsāh undergoing, suffering,
enduring, sustaining, bearing, standing
‫ قاس‬qāsin pl. ‫ قساة‬qusāh hard, harsh,
grim, stern, severe, austere, rough; cruel,
inexorable, relentless, merciless,
remorseless; difficult
1
‫ قسي‬qasīy see ‫قسو‬
2
‫ قسي‬qusīy, qisīy pl. of ‫ قوس‬qaus
‫ قش‬qašša i u (qašš) to collect, gather (up), pick
up (‫ ھـ‬s.th.); to pick up from here and
there (‫ ھـ‬s.th.); to become dry, dry up,
shrivel up, wither (esp., of a plant) II to
take of this and that
‫ قش‬qašš straw │ ‫ قش الحديد‬steel wool;
‫ حمى القش‬ḥummā l-q. bay fever
‫ قشة‬qašša (n. un.) a straw │ ‫قشة ثقاب‬
match, matchstick; ‫( خيار قشة‬eg.) gherkins
‫ قشيش‬qašīš sweepings, rubbish,
garbage, trash, refuse; offal, waste, scrap
‫ مقشة‬miqašša (eg.) broom, besom
‫ قشب‬qišb, qašab pl. ‫ اقشاب‬aqšāb poison
‫ قشيب‬qašīb pl. ‫ قشب‬qušub new; clean;
polished, burnished
‫ قشد‬qašada u (qašId) to skim, take off (‫ ھـ‬the
cream)
‫ قشدة‬qišda cream
‫ قشر‬qašara i u (qašr) to peel, pare, shell,
derind, bark, skin, scale, shave off, husk,
shuck (‫ ھـ‬s.th.) II = I; V to be peeled, be
pared, be shelled, be derinded, be barked,
be skinned, be scaled, be shaved off, be
husked, be shucked; to come off in scales,
scale off, flake off, peel off (skin; coating)
VII = V
‫ قشر‬qišr pl. ‫ قشور‬qušūr cover(ing),
integument, envelope; shell; peel; rind,
bark; skin, crust; scab; scurf; hull, husk,
shuck; scales (of fish); slough (of a
snake); pl. ‫ قشور‬trash, garbage, refuse;
trivialities, banalities; externals,
superficialities, formalities; dandruff │
‫ قشر الرأس‬q. ar-ra’s dandruff
‫ قشرة‬qišra peel, rind (e.g., of a fruit),
shell (of an egg, of a nut); bark; skin;
crust; scab; scurf; hull, husk, shuck; scale;
slough (of a snake)
‫ قشري‬qišrī scaly, scurfy, scabrous,
squamous; crustaceous │ ‫االكزيما القشرية‬
psoriasis (med.); O ‫الحيوانات القشرية‬
(ḥayawānāt) crustaceans
‫ تقشير‬taqšīr peeling, paring, shelling;
derinding, barking; skinning; scaling;
 shaving off, scraping off; husking,
shucking
‫ قشط‬qašaṭa i (qašṭ) to take off, strip
(off), remove (‫ عن ھـ‬s.th. from); to skim (‫ھـ‬
cream); to scratch off, scrape off, abrade (
‫ ھـ‬s.th.) II to take off (‫ ھـ‬s.th.); to strip off (
‫ ھـ‬s.th.); to rob (‫ ه‬،‫ ھـ‬s.o., s.th.), plunder,
strip of his belongings (‫ ه‬s.o.)
(‫ )قشعر‬IV ‫ اقشعر‬iqša‘'amJ to Ibudder, lhiver,
‫( قشطة‬eg.) qišṭa, (syr.) gašṭa cream;
(eg.) sweetsop (Annona squamosa L.;
bot.), custard apple
‫ قشاط‬qišāṭ (leather) strap, thong;
whiplash; drive belt, transmission belt
‫ قشاط‬qušāṭ (eg.) pl. -āt jetton. chip,
counter; piece, man (checkers,
backgammon)
2
O ‫ مقشط‬miqšaṭ pl. ‫ مقاشط‬maqāšiṭ eraser,
erasing knife
‫ قشف‬qašifa a (qašaf) and qašufa u (‫قشافة‬
O ‫ مقشطة‬miqšaṭa pl. ‫ مقاشط‬maqāšiṭ2
milling machine, miller 764
‫ قشع‬qaša‘a a (qaš‘) to scatter, disperse, drive
away, chase away (‫ ه‬،‫ ھـ‬s.o., s.th.), dispel
(‫ ھـ‬s.th.) IV to scatter, disperse, drive
away, chase away (‫ ه‬،‫ ھـ‬s.o., s.th.), dispel (
‫ ھـ‬s.th.); to scatter, disperse, break up
(crowd), lift, dissolve (clouds, darkness) V
and VII to be scattered, be dispersed, be
driven away, be chased away; to scatter,
disperse, break up (crowd),
lift, dissolve (clouds, darkness)
tremble. quake. Ihake, bave gooae s..b
(witb cold. witb fright) I')":I .:.. ~ •.;.
("I~)'I or) la,'"" laqla"""" m,,,",,
I-;tdud"
a bloodcurdling thing. a borrible.
ghastly thing
'J..~ quk{rira shudder, tremor,
trembling. Ibakos; lhiver(ing); ague
~ qaI'am pl. ~L.:; qaAa'im' lion I ~ rl
"mm q. byena; calamity, disaster
qašafa) to live in squalor and misery; to
have a dirty skin; to pay no attention to
cleanliness II (eg.) to become rough and
chapped, to chap (hands) V = I; to lead an
ascetic life, mortify the bodily appetites;
(eg.) to become rough and chapped, to
chap (skin)
‫ قشفة‬qišfa (eg.) pl. ‫ قشف‬qišaf crust (of
bread)
 ‫ تقشف‬taqaššuf asceticism, mortification
of the flesh; simple, primitive way of life
‫ متقشف‬mutaqaššif ascetic(al); (eg.)
roughened, chapped (hands); ‫ المتقشفة‬al-
mutaqaššifa the ascetics
‫ قشقش‬qašqaša to cure (‫ من ه‬s.o. of scabies, of
smallpox); to sweep out, sweep away (‫ھـ‬
s.th.)
1 romancer
‫ قشل‬qašila (qašal) (eg.) to be poor, penniless,
without means
2 narrative, tale, novella, novel; short story
‫( قشلة‬Turk. kışla) qašla pl. ‫ قشل‬qišal (military)
barracks (syr.); hospital (eg.)
‫( قشالق‬Turk. kışlak) qušlāq pl. -āt (military)
barracks
‫ قشمش‬qišmiš a variety of currants (=
seedless raisins)
‫ قاشاني‬look up alphabetically
‫ قص‬qaṣṣa u (qaṣṣ) to cut, cut off, clip (‫ ھـ‬s.th.);
to shear, shear off (‫ ھـ‬s.th.); to trim,
curtail, dock, crop, lop (‫ ھـ‬s.th.); -- (qaṣṣ,
‫ قصص‬qaṣaṣ): ‫( قص اثره‬atarahū) to follow
s.o.’s tracks, track s.o.; (‫ قصص‬qaṣas) to
relate, narrate, tell (‫ ھـ على‬to s.o. s.th.) II to
out off, shear off, clip, curtail, dock, trim,
crop, lop (‫ ھـ‬s.th.) III to retaliate (‫ ه‬upon
s.o.), return like for like (‫ ه‬to s.o.); to
avenge o.s., revenge o.s., take vengeance (
‫ ه‬on s.o.); to punish, castigate, chastise (‫ه‬
s.o.); (com.) to settle accounts (‫ ه‬with s.o.);
to be quits, be even (‫ ه‬with s.o.) V ‫اثره‬
(atarahū) to follow s.o.’s tracks, track s.o.
VIII = V; to tell accurately, relate exactly
(‫ ھـ‬s.th.); to retaliate (‫ من‬upon s.o.), return
like for like (‫ من‬to s.o.); to avenge o.s.,
revenge o.s., take vengeance (‫ من‬on s.o.);
to punish, castigate, chastise (‫ من‬s.o.)
‫ قص‬clippings, outings, chips, snips,
shreds, scraps; sternum, breastbone
‫ قصة‬quṣṣa pl. ‫ قصص‬quṣaṣ, ‫ قصاص‬qiṣāṣ
forelock; lock of hair
‫ قصة‬qiṣṣa manner of cutting; cut; (pl.
‫ قصص‬qiṣaṣ) narrative, tale, story │ ‫قصة ھذا‬
‫ الشيء ان‬the matter is so that ..., the thing is
best described by saying that ...
‫ قصص‬qaṣaṣ clippings, cuttings, chips,
snips, shreds, narrative, tale, story
‫ قصصي‬qiṣaṣī, qaṣaṣī narrative, epic(al);
(pl. ‫ )قصصيون‬storyteller, writer of fiction,
novelist, romancer │ ‫( الشعر القصصي‬ši‘r)
epic poetry 765
‫ قصاصة‬quṣāṣa (coll. ‫ قصاص‬quṣāṣ, and
‫ قصاصة‬quṣāṣa) pl. -āt cutting, chip, snip,
shred; scrap (of paper); slip (of paper);
(newspaper) clipping
‫ قصاص‬qaṣṣāṣ shearer; tracker, tracer of
tracks; writer of fiction, novelist,
‫ اقصوصة‬uqṣūṣa pl. ‫ اقاصيص‬aqāṣīṣ2
‫ مقص‬miqaṣṣ pl. ‫ مقاص‬maqāṣ (pair of)
scissors, (pair of) shears; (syr.) springs (of
an automobile, of a coach) │ ‫ ابو مقص‬abū
m. earwig; skimmer, scissorbill
(Rhynchops; zool.)
‫ قصاص‬qiṣāṣ requital, reprisal,
retaliation; punishment, castigation,
chastisement; accounting, clearing,
settlement of accounts
‫ مقاصة‬muqāṣṣa accounting, clearing,
settlement of accounts; balancing,
adjustment, set off; compensation (com.)
│ ‫ غرفة المقاصة‬gurfat al-m. clearing house
(fin.)
‫ مقصوص‬maqṣūṣ pl. ‫ مقاصيص‬maqāṣīṣ2
(eg.) lovelock, earlock
‫ مقصوصة‬maqṣūṣa skimming ladle,
skimmer
‫ قصاج‬quṣāj pl. -āt pliers, pincers, nippers
‫ قصب‬qaṣaba i (qaṣb) to out up, carve up (‫ ھـ‬a
slaughtered animal) II to curl (‫ ھـ‬the hair);
to brocade, embroider with gold and silver
thread (‫ ھـ‬s.th.)
‫ قصب‬qaṣab (coll.) cane(s), reed(s);
sugar cane; stalks (of cereal grasses); gold
and silver thread, gold and silver
embroidery; brocade │ ‫ قصب الذھب‬q.
ad-dahab gold brocade; ‫ قصب السكر‬q. as-
sukkar sugar cane; ‫( القصب الھندي‬hindī)
bamboo; ‫ )احرز قصب السبق )والغلب‬aḥraza
qaṣaba s-sabq (wa-l-galb) to come
through with flying colors, carry the day,
score a great success
‫ قصبة‬qaṣaba (n. un.) pl. -āt cane, reed;
pipe, tube; pipestem, pipe tube; writing
pen; windpipe, trachea; shaft (of a well); a
wind instrument resembling the reed pipe;
 kassabah, a linear measure (Eg. = 3.55
m); citadel; capital city, metropolis │ ‫قصبة‬
‫ الرئة‬q. ar-ri’a windpipe, trachea; ‫قصبة‬
‫ المريء‬q. al-marī’ gullet, esophagus
‫ قصابة‬qaṣāba butcher’s trade, butchery
‫ قصيبة‬quṣaiba (tun.) oats
‫ قصاب‬qaṣṣāb butcher, slaughterer; (eg.)
land surveyor
‫ قصابة‬qaṣāba (reed) pipe
‫ مقصب‬muqaṣṣab embroidered with gold
and silver thread, brocaded, trimmed with
brocade
‫ قصاج‬look up alphabetically
‫ قصد‬qaṣada i (qaṣd) to go or proceed
straightaway (‫ الى‬or ‫ ه‬،‫ ھـ‬to s.o., to s.th.),
make a beeline (‫ الى‬or ‫ ه‬،‫ ھـ‬for), walk up to
s.o. or s.th. (‫ الى‬or ‫ ھـ‬.); to go to see (‫ ه‬،‫الى‬
s.o.), call (‫ ه‬،‫ الى‬on s.o.); to betake o.s.,
repair, go (‫ ه‬،‫ الى‬to a place; ‫ ه‬،‫ الى‬to s.o.),
be headed, be bound (‫ ه‬،‫ الى‬for a place); to
seek, pursue (‫ ھـ‬،‫ الى‬s.th.), strive (‫ ھـ‬،‫الى‬
for), aspire (‫ ھـ‬،‫ الى‬to), intend, have in
mind (‫ ھـ‬،‫ الى‬s.th.; ‫ من‬or ‫ ب ھـ‬s.th. with s.th.
else); to aim (‫ ھـ‬،‫ الى‬at s.th.); to have in
view, contemplate, consider, purpose (‫ھـ‬
s.th.); to mean, try to say (‫ ھـ ب‬or ‫ من‬by
s.th. s.th.); to adopt a middle course (‫ في‬in,
at); to be economical, frugal, thrifty,
provident; to economize, save │ ‫قصد قصده‬
(qaṣdahū) to walk up to s.o., go toward
s.o.; to follow, imitate s.o. IV to induce to
go (‫ الى‬to s.o., to a place; ‫ ه‬s.o.); to
compose kasidas V to be broken, break;
(eg.) to be angry (‫ ه‬with s.o.), be mad (‫ ه‬at
s.o.) VII to be broken, break VIII to adopt
a middle course (‫ في‬in, at; ‫ بين‬between); to
assume a mediatory position (‫بين‬
between), act as mediator; to be
economical, frugal, thrifty, 766 provident,
economize (‫ في‬with); to save (‫ ھـ‬money,
etc.); to compose kasidas
‫ قصد‬qaṣd endeavor, aspiration,
intention, intent; design, purpose,
resolution; object, goal, aim, end;
frugality; thrift, economy │ ‫ قصدا‬qaṣdan,
‫ عن قصد‬intentionally, purposely, advisedly,
on purpose; deliberately; ‫عن غير قصد‬
unintentionally, inadvertently; ‫حسن القصد‬
ḥusn al.q. good intention; ‫ سوء القصد‬sū’ al-
q. evil intention ‫( ھو قصدك‬qaṣdaka,
qaṣduka) he is in front of you, before you,
opposite you
‫ قصدي‬qaṣdī intentional; intended
‫ قصاد‬quṣād (prep.) in front of, before,
opposite (eg.)
‫ قصيد‬qaṣīd aspired, desired, aimed at,
intended; faultless, without defects (of a
poem); also = ‫ قصيدة │ بيت القصيد‬bait al-q.
(the essential, principal verse of the
kasida, i.e.) the main point, the principal
part, the essence, the core, the gist, the
hest, the hit, the climax of s.th., that which
stands out from the rest, the right thing
‫ قصيدة‬qaṣīda pl. ‫ قصائد‬qaṣā’id2 kasida,
an ancient Arabic poem having, as a rule,
a rigid tripartite structure) │ = ‫بيت القصيدة‬
‫بيت القصيد‬, see under ‫قصيد‬
‫ اقصد‬aqṣad2 directer, directest
‫ مقصد‬maqṣad pl. ‫ مقاصد‬maqāṣid2 (place
of) destination; intention, intent; design,
purpose, resolution; object, goal, aim, end;
sense, meaning, import, purport,
significance │ ‫ سيئ المقاصد‬sayyi’ al-m.
malevolent, malicious
‫ اقتصاد‬iqtiṣād saving, economization,
retrenchment; thriftiness, thrift,
providence; economy │ ‫‘ علم االقتصاد‬ilm
al-iqt., (‫( علم( االقتصاد السياسي‬siyāsī)
economics, political economy; ‫اقتصادا في‬
‫ الوقت‬iqtiṣādan fī l-waqt in order to save
time
‫ اقتصادي‬iqtiṣādī economical; saving,
thrifty, provident; economic; economist,
political economist; ‫ االقتصاديات‬the
economy
‫ قاصد‬qāṣid direct, straight (way); easy,
smooth, pleasant, short (of travel) │ ‫قاصد‬
‫( رسولي‬rasūlī) (pl. ‫ قصاد‬quṣṣād) apostolic
delegate
‫ قصادة رسولية‬qiṣāda rasūlīya papal
legation
‫ مقصود‬maqṣūd aimed at, intended;
intentional, designed, deliberate; meant
‫ قصدير‬qaṣdīr tin
2
‫ قصر‬qaṣura u (qiṣar, qaṣr, ‫ قصارة‬qaṣāra) to
be or become short, too short, or shorter;
to be insufficient, be inadequate; -- qaṣara
u (‫ قصور‬quṣūr) to miss, fail to reach (‫عن‬
s.th., e.g., a target), fall short (‫ عن‬of); to he
incapable (‫ عن‬of), he unable (‫ عن‬to do
s.th.), fail to reach, attain, accomplish, or
achieve (‫ عن‬s.th.); not to he equal (‫ عن‬to
s.th.), not to be up to s.th. (‫)عن‬, he unable
to cope with s.th. (‫ ;)عن‬to desist, cease,
refrain, abstain (‫ عن‬from); -- qaṣara i u
(qaṣr) to make short or shorter, shorten,
cut short, curtail, abridge, reduce, lessen (
‫ ھـ‬s.th.); -- qaṣara u (qaṣr) to hold hack,
restrain, check, curb (‫ ه‬،‫ ھـ‬s.o., s.th.); to
keep under supervision or control (‫ ه‬،‫ھـ‬
s.o., s.h.); to lock up (‫ ه‬،‫ ھـ‬s.o., s.th.); to
limit, restrict, confine (‫ ه‬،‫ على ھـ‬s.o., s.th.
to); -- qaṣara u (qaṣr, ‫ قصارة‬qiṣāara) to
full, whiten, bleach, blanch (‫ ھـ‬s.th.) II to
make short or shorter, shorten, cut short,
curtail, abridge, reduce, lessen (‫ ھـ‬s.th.); to
miss, fail to reach (‫ عن‬s.th., e.g., a target),
fall short (‫ عن‬of); to he incapable (‫ عن‬of),
be unable (‫ عن‬to do s.th.); to fail to
accomplish, achieve, reach, or attain (‫عن‬
s.th.); not to be equal (‫ عن‬to s.th.), not to
he up to s.th. (‫)عن‬, he unable to cope with
s.th. (‫ ;)عن‬to be 767 inadequate,
insufficient, inferior; to be remise (‫ في‬in,
at, in some work), be derelict (‫ في‬to), fall
behind, lag behind (‫ في‬in); to be negligent,
careless; to be in, negligent, neglectful (‫في‬
in), neglect (‫ في‬s.th.); to desist, cease,
refrain, abstain (‫ عن‬from) │ ‫ لم يقصر‬he
spared no pains or expense in or with ...,
he left nothing undone to ..., he did not
fail to ... IV to make short or shorter,
shorten, cut short, curtail, abridge, reduce,
lessen (‫ ھـ‬s.th.); to desist, cease, refrain,
abstain (‫ عن‬from) VI to contract, shrink,
dwindle, become smaller; to be incapable
(‫ عن‬of); to desist, cease (‫عن‬from); to
refrain. abstain (‫ عن‬from) VIII to limit
o.s., restrict o.s., confine o.s., be limited,
restricted, or confined (‫ على‬to); to content
o.s., be content (‫ على‬with) X to find short,
regard as deficient or inadequate (‫ ھـ‬s.th.)
‫ قصر‬qaṣr shortness, brevity; smallness;
incapability, inability; insufficiency,
inadequacy; laxity, slackness, negligence,
neglectfulness; indolence, inertness,
laziness; shortening, curtailment,
abridgment, reduction, diminution;
limitation, restriction. confinement (‫على‬
to); theutmost that is in s.o.’s power, e.g.,
‫( قصرك ان تفعل ھذا‬qaṣruka) the most you
can hope to accomplish is to do this; you
must limit yourself to doing this
‫ قصر‬qaṣr pl. ‫ قصور‬quṣū castle; palace;
palais │ ‫ قصر العدلية‬q. al-‘adlīya (Mor.)
palace of justice, courthouse
‫ قصرية‬qaṣrīya pl. ‫ قصار‬qaṣārin pot;
flowerpot; chamber pot
‫ قصر‬qiṣar shortness, brevity; smallness
│ ‫ قصر النظر‬q. an-naẓar nearsightedness,
shortsightedness
‫ قصر‬qaṣr slackness, laxity, negligence,
neglectfulness; indolence, inertness,
laziness
‫ قصار‬qaṣār, quṣār: = ‫قصارك ان تفعل ھذا‬
‫( قصاراك ان تفعل ھذا‬see ‫)قصارى‬
‫ قصار‬qaṣṣār fuller, bleacher
‫ قصور‬quṣūr incapability, inability;
insufficiency, inadequacy; deficiency,
shortcoming, lack; reduction, diminution,
decrease; slackness, laxity, negligence,
neglectfulness; indolence, inertness,
laziness; legal minority, nonage │ ‫قصور‬
‫ الباع‬powerlessness, impotence,
helplessness, weakness, incapability,
inability (‫ عن‬of, to do s.th.)
‫ قصير‬qaṣīr pl. ‫ قصار‬qiṣār short; small,
short (of stature), low │ ‫ قصير األجل‬q. al-
ajal short-term(ed), short-dated, short-
lived; ‫ قصير الباع‬powerless, impotent,
helpless, weak, incapable, unable;
parsimonious, niggardly; ‫ قصير اليد‬q. al-
yad do.
‫ قصارة‬qiṣāra trade of the fuller or
bleacher
‫ قصارى‬quṣārā the utmost, the limit (‫)ه‬
s.o.’s power) │ ‫قصاراك ان تفعل كذا‬
(quṣārāka) the most you can accomplish
is to do this; you must limit yourself to
doing this; ‫ بذل قصاراه‬or ‫( بذل قصارى الجھد‬q.
l-jahd) to exert every conceivable effort (‫ل‬
to, in order to; ‫ ب‬on, for), go to great
lengths, go out of one’s way, do one’s
best, do all in one’s power, leave no stone
untamed (‫ ل‬to, in order to); ‫ قصارى األمر‬q.
l-amr, ‫ قصارى القول‬q. l-qaul in short, in
brief, to make a long story short
‫ اقصر‬aqṣar2 shorter
 ‫ االقصر‬al-aqṣur Luxor (town in Upper
Egypt)
‫ تقصير‬taqṣīr shortening, curtailment,
abridgment, reduction, diminution,
limitation, restriction, confinement;
incapability, incapacity, inability;
insufficiency, inadequacy, inferiority;
neglect, dereliction (‫ في‬of ), remissness (‫في‬
in); slackness, laxity, negligence, 768
neglectfullness; defect, fault, failing,
deficiency, shortcoming
‫ قاصر‬qāṣir incapable (‫ عن‬of), unable (
‫ عن‬to do s.th.); limited, restricted,
confined (‫ على‬to); reserved (‫ على‬for);
intransitive (gram.); (pl. -ūn, ‫ قصر‬quṣṣar)
legally minor, under age; a legal minor │
‫ قاصرة الطرف‬q. aṭ-ṭarf (of a woman)
chaste-eyed, chaste, demure, modest; ‫قاصر‬
‫ اليد‬q. al-yad powerless, impotent,
helpless, weak, incapable, unable;
parsimonious, niggardly
‫ مقصور‬maqṣūr confined (‫ على‬to);
restricted, limited │ ‫ مقصورة الطرف‬m. aṭ-
ṭarf
(woman) chaste-eyed, chaste, demure,
modest; ‫( الف مقصورة‬alif) the alif that can
be shortened, i.e., final ‫ى‬, pronounced -ā
(e.g., ‫ رمى‬ramā) and ‫ا‬, without following
hamza (gram.)
‫ مقصورة‬maqṣūra pl. -āt, ‫ مقاصير‬maqāṣīr2
palace; cabinet, closet; compartment; box
or stall in a mosque near the mihrab,
reserved for the ruler; (theater, cinema)
box, log.; the detached portion of a
mosque set aside for the communal
prayer, and frequently enclosing the tomb
of the patron saint; (prisoner’s) dock;
chapel (in a church)
‫ مقصر‬muqaṣṣir slack, negligent,
neglectful
‫ مقتصر‬muqtaṣir limited, restricted,
confined (‫ على‬to)
‫ مقتصر‬muqtaṣar short, brief, concise,
terse, succinct, summary
‫ قيصر‬look up alphabetically
‫ قصع‬qaṣa‘a a (qaṣ‘) to drink in avid gulps,
gulp down, pour down, toss down (‫ھـ‬
water); to slake quench (‫ ھـ‬the thirst); to
grind, crush. bruise, squash, mash (‫ھـ‬
(s.th.)
‫ قصعة‬qaṣ‘a pl. qaṣa‘āt, ‫ قصع‬qiṣa‘, ‫قصاع‬
qiṣā‘ large bowl (made of wood or
copper); (ir.) kettle
‫ قصف‬qaṣafa i (qaṣf) to break, shatter,
smash (‫ ھـ‬s.th.); to beset, harass, press
hard, oppress (‫ ه‬s.o.), bear down (‫ ه‬upon
s.o.); to bomb (‫ ه‬s.th.); to thunder, roar
(esp., of cannon); to roll, rumble, grumble,
peal (of thunder); -- u (qaṣf, ‫ قصوف‬quṣūf)
to feast, revel, carouse; to lead a life of
opulence; -- qaṣifa a (qaṣaf) to break; to
be frail, delicate, brittle, fragile V and VII
to be broken, break, snap
‫ قصف‬qaṣf thunder, roar (e.g., of
cannon); revelry, carousal
‫ قصف‬qaṣif frail, delicate, brittle, fragile;
broken
‫ قصيف‬qaṣīf frail, delicate, brittle,
fragile; broken
‫ قصوف‬quṣūf revelry, carousal
‫ مقصف‬maqṣaf pl. ‫ مقاصف‬maqāṣif2
refreshment room; post exchange,
canteen; casino; bar; buffet, refreshment
counter
‫ قصقص‬qaṣqaṣa to break, shatter (‫ ھـ‬s.th.); (eg.)
to snip off the ends (‫ ھـ‬of s.th.), clip, trim,
crop (‫ ھـ‬s.th.)
‫ قصل‬qaṣala i (qaṣl) to cut off, mow (off) (‫ھـ‬
s.th.) VIII to cut off (‫ ھـ‬s.th.)
‫ قصل‬qaṣal chaff, husks, shucks, awns
(of grain); (n. un. ‫ )ة‬stalks
‫ قصال‬qaṣṣāl sharp, cutting, sharp-
pointed
‫ قصيل‬qaṣīl (eg.) winter barley
‫ مقصل‬miqṣal sharp, cutting, sharp-
pointed
O ‫ مقصلة‬miqṣala pl. -āt, ‫ مقاصل‬maqāṣil2
guillotine
‫ قاصل‬qāṣil sharp, cutting
‫ قصم‬qaṣama i (qaṣm) to break, shatter (‫ ھـ‬s.th.)
│ ‫( قصم ظھره‬ẓahrahū) (to break s.o.’s back
=) to be a mortal blow to s.o. V to be
broken, break, snap VII = V 769
 ‫ قصم‬qaṣim easily broken, brittle,
fragile
‫ قصيم‬qaṣīm easily broken, brittle, fragile
‫ قاصم‬qāṣim pl. ‫ قواصم‬qawāṣim2 breaking
│ ‫ قاصمة الظھر‬qāṣimat aẓ-ẓahr mortal
blow, catastrophe, disaster; ‫ضربات قواصم‬
(ḍarabat) mortal blows, crushing blows
(‫ قصو‬and ‫ قصي( قصا‬qaṣā u (‫ قصو‬qaṣw,
quṣuw, ‫ قصاء‬qaṣā’) and ‫ قصي‬qaṣiya a (،‫قصا‬
‫ قصى‬qaṣan) to be far away, be far
removed, be at a great distance (‫ عن‬from),
be remote, distant; to go far away (‫عن‬
from) IV to take far away, send far away (
‫ عن ه‬s.o., s.th. from); to remove (‫ عن ه‬s.o.
from); to drive away (‫ عن ه‬s.o. from); to
drag away (‫ عن ه‬s.o. from); to dismiss (‫ه‬
s.o., ‫ عن الخدمة‬from a job); to reach the
utmost limit (‫ ھـ‬of s.th.) │ ‫ ال يقصيه البصر‬lā
yuqṣīhi l-baṣaru out of sight, not within
view, invisible V to go far away (‫عن‬
from); to penetrate deeply, inquire (‫ ھـ‬into
a problem, and the like), examine, study,
investigate (‫ ھـ‬s.th.), go to the root (0 of
s.th.); to follow out, follow to a.
conclusion (‫ ھـ‬s.th.); to examine, feel out,
palpate (‫ ھـ‬s.th.) X to penetrate deeply,
inquire (‫ ھـ‬into a problem, and the like),
examine, study, investigate (‫ ھـ‬s.th.), go to
the root (‫ ھـ‬of s.th.); to inquire, make
inquiries (‫ عن‬about)
‫ قصا‬qaṣan and ‫ قصاء‬qaṣā’ distance,
remoteness
‫ قصي‬qaṣīy pl. ‫ اقصاء‬aqṣā’ far (away),
distant, remote
‫ اقصى‬aqṣā, f. ‫ قصوى‬quṣwā, pl. ‫اقاص‬
aqāṣin more distant, remoter, farther
(away);
most distant, remotest, farthest; utmost,
extreme, ultimate; maximal, maximum;
the farthermost part; the utmost, extreme,
extremity; end │ ‫( المسجد األقصى‬masjid)
name of a mosque on the Temple Square
in Jerusalem; ‫( الشرق األقصى‬šarq) the Far
East; ‫( المغرب األقصى‬magrib) (the extreme
west =) Morocco; ‫ الغاية القصوى من‬the
utmost degree of, the maximum of; ‫اقاصي‬
‫ األرض‬aqāsī l-arḍ the remotest parts of the
earth, the ends of the world; ‫عند الضرورة‬
‫( القصوى‬ḍarūra) in case of dire necessity,
when worst comes to worst; ‫الى اقصى حد‬
aqṣā ḥaddin to the extreme limit, to the
utmost; as far as possible; ‫من اقصاه الى اقصاه‬
or ‫( من ادناه الى اقصاه‬adnāhu) from one end
to the other, throughout, everything
without exception
‫ تقص‬taqaṣṣin thorough examination,
close study, minute investigation
‫ استقصاء‬istiqṣā’ thorough examination,
close study, minute investigation; inquiry
(‫ عن‬about)
‫ قاص‬qāṣin pl. ‫ قاصون‬qāṣūn, ‫ اقصاء‬aqṣā’
distant, remote, far (away) │ ‫القاصى والدانى‬
(lit.: the distant one and the near one =)
everybody, all people; ‫ في القاصية والدانية‬near
and far
‫ قض‬qaḍḍa u (qaḍḍ) to pierce, bore,
perforate (‫ ھـ‬s.th.); to break into pieces,
crush, bray, bruise, pulverize (‫ ھـ‬s.th.); to
tear down, demolish (‫ ھـ‬a wall); to pull
out. tear out (‫ ھـ‬a peg or stake); -- a (‫قضض‬
qaḍaḍ) to be rough, crude, hard (bed) IV
to be rough, crude, hard (bed); to make
rough, crude or hard (‫ ھـ‬the bed) │ ‫اقض‬
‫( مضجعه‬maḍja‘ahū) or ‫ اقض عليه المضجع‬to
rob s.o.’s sleep VII to swoop down,
pounce down, dive down, descend; to
strike (‫ على‬s.th.; of lightning); to pounce,
fall, rush, hurl o.s. (‫ على‬upon), storm, rush
(‫ على‬against), charge, attack, assail (‫على‬
s.o.); to be broken, cracked, threaten to
collapse; to fall, tumble
‫ قض‬qaḍḍ (coll.) pebbles; gravel │ ‫جاء‬
‫ القوم قضھم‬jā’a l-qaumu qaḍḍuhum
(qaḍḍahum) all the people came
‫ قضة‬qiḍḍa pebbles; gravel 770
‫ قضيض‬qaḍīḍ pebbles; gravel │ ‫جاء القوم‬
‫( )قضيضھم )بقضيضھم‬qaum) all the people
came
‫ انقضاض‬inqiḍāḍ swooping down,
pouncing down, dive, downrush; onrush,
onslaught, storm, assault │ ‫مدفع االنقضاض‬
midfa‘ al-inq. (pl. ‫ مدافع‬madāfi‘) self-
propelled assault gun (mil.); ‫طائرة االنقضاض‬
dive bomber
‫ طائرة منقضة‬ṭā’ira munqaḍḍa dive
bomber
‫ قضب‬qaḍaba i (qaḍb) to cut off (‫ ھـ‬s.th.); to
lop, prone, trim (‫ ھـ‬trees) II = I; VIII = I;
to abridge (‫ ھـ‬s.th.), give a condensed
 extract, make a digest (‫ ھـ‬of s.th.); to
extemporize, improvise (‫ ھـ‬s.th.), quote
extempore (‫ ھـ‬verses, and the like), deliver
offhand (‫ ھـ‬a speech)
‫ قضب‬qaḍb edible herbs
‫ قضيب‬qaḍīb pl. ‫ قضبان‬qaḍbān cut-off
branch, twig, switch; stick, rod, staff,
wand; bar (of a grate); male organ of
generation, penis, phallus; rail (railroad);
guide, guide rail, guideway (tehn.)
‫ قضابة‬qaḍāba that which is lopped or
out off; lops, prunings, trimmings (of
trees)
‫ مقضب‬miqḍab pruning hook; pruning
shears, pruning knife
‫ اقتضاب‬iqtiḍāb abridgment; digest;
extract; conciseness, terseness, brevity;
improvisation
‫ مقتضب‬muqtaḍab short, brief, concise,
terse; improvised, extemporaneous,
offhand, unprepared; ‫ المقتضب‬name of a
poetic meter; pl. ‫ مقتضبات‬short news items,
news in brief (journ.)
‫ قضع‬qaḍ‘ gripes, colic
‫ قضاع‬quḍā‘ gripes, colic
‫ قضف‬qaḍufa u to be or become slender, slim,
thin, narrow
‫ قضم‬qaḍma a and qaḍama i (qaḍm) to gnaw (‫ھـ‬
s.th., on s.th.); to nibble (‫ ھـ‬s.th., at s.th.)
‫( قضامة‬pronounced qḍāme; syr.) roasted
and salted chick-peas; assorted nuts,
peanuts, pistachios, etc.; birdseed
‫ الحيوانات القاضمة‬al-ḥayawānāt al-
qāḍima the rodents
‫ قضى‬qaḍā i (‫ قضاء‬qaḍā’) to settle (‫ھـ‬
s.th.); to finish, terminate, conclude, end,
close, wind up, complete, consummate,
accomplish, achieve (‫ ھـ‬s.th.); to carry out,
execute, perform, effectuate (‫ ھـ‬s.th.); to
fulfill (‫ ھـ‬a request), comply (‫ ھـ‬with); to
do, perform (‫ ھـ‬one’s duty); to gratify (‫ ھـ‬a
wish), provide (‫ ھـ‬for a need), satisfy,
meet, answer, discharge (‫ ھـ‬a demand, a
claim); to pay, settle (‫ ھـ‬a debt); to spend,
pass (‫ ھـ‬time); to die (= ‫ ;)قضى اجله‬to fix,
appoint, determine, decree, decide, rule (‫ب‬
s.th., ‫ بان‬that); (of God) to foreordain,
predestine; to judge, act as judge, decide
judicially (‫ بين‬between two litigants); to
pass or pronounce judgment (‫ ل‬in favor of
s.o.; ‫ على‬against s.o.); to sentence,
condemn (‫ ب على‬s.o. to), impose, inflict (‫ب‬
‫ على‬upon s.o. a penalty); to impose or
enjoin as a duty (‫ ب على‬upon s.o. s.th.); to
make necessary or requisite (‫ ب على‬for s.o.
s.th.), require s.o. (‫ )على‬to do s.th. (‫)ب‬,
compel, force (‫ على‬s.o. ‫ ب‬to do s.th.); to
demand, require, necessitate (‫ ب‬s.th.), call
for s.th. (‫ ;)ب‬to root out, extirpate,
annihilate, exterminate (‫ على‬s.o., s.th.); to
kill, do in (‫ على‬s.o.), do away (‫ على‬with
s.o., with s.th.), put an end (‫ على‬to s.th.); to
thwart, foil, frustrate (‫ على‬s.th.) │ ‫قضى اجله‬
(ajalahū) to pass away, die; ‫قضى العجب من‬
(‘ajaba) to be full of amazement at, be
very astonished at; ‫( قضى نحبه‬naḥbahū) to
fulfill one’s vow; to pass away, die; ‫قضى‬
‫( وطره‬waṭarahū) to attain one’s aim or
end, see one’s wish fulfilled; ‫قضى األمر‬
٧٧١ quḍiya l-amru the matter is decided
and done with, the die is cast; ‫قضي امره‬
quḍiya amruhū and ‫ قضي عليه‬quḍiya
‘alaihi it’s all over with him, he’s a goner
II to carry out, execute, perform,
effectuate (‫ ھـ‬s.th.) III to summon before a
judge, bring before a court of justice,
arraign (‫ ه‬s.o.); to prosecute, sue (‫ ه‬s.o.),
take legal action, bring suit (‫ ه‬against s.o.);
to demand (‫ ب ه‬from s.o. payment of
s.th.), call in (‫ ب ه‬from s.o. s.th.) V to be
finished, completed; to peas, go by,
elapse, expire, run out (time) VI to
litigate, carry on a lawsuit; to demand (‫ھـ‬
s.th.; ‫ من ھـ‬or ‫ ه‬from s.o. payment of s.th.;
from s.o. s.th.), call in (‫ ھـ‬s.th., ‫ من‬or ‫ه‬
from s.o.), claim (‫ ھـ على‬for s.th.
remuneration), lay claim (‫ ھـ‬to s.th.); to
get, receive (‫ ھـ ه‬from s.o. s.th., also ‫ھـ من‬
s.th. from, esp. money owed, emolument)
VII to be completed, be finished, be done,
be terminated, be concluded, come to an
end, cease, stop; to pass, go by, elapse,
expire, run out (time); to have expired,
have elapsed, be over, be peat (time) VIII
to demand, claim, exact, require (‫ ھـ ه‬from
s.o. s.th.); to make necessary, make
requisite, necessitate, require (‫ ھـ‬s.th.) X to
demand, claim, exact, require (‫ ھـ ه‬from
s.o. s.th.)
 ‫ قضى‬qaḍan judgment, sentence,
(judicial) decision, (court) ruling
‫ قضاء‬qaḍā’ settling, finishing, ending,
closing, termination, conclusion, windup,
completion, accomplishment; carrying
out, execution, performance, effectuation;
fulfillment, satisfaction, gratification (of a
wish, of a desire); provision (for a need);
compliance (with a request); payment,
settlement, discharge (of a debt); passing,
spending (of a period of time); divine
decree, destiny, fate; judgment, sentence,
(judicial) decision, (court) ruling,
ordinance; administration of the law,
judiciary, jurisprudence, justice; law;
jurisdiction; office of judge, judge, ship,
judicature; judging, rendering of
judgment; sentencing, condemnation (‫على‬
of s.o.); extermination, annihilation,
extirpation (‫ على‬of s.o., of s.th.), killing (
‫ على‬of s.o.), thwarting, foiling frustration
(‫ على‬of s.th.); -- (pl. ‫ اقضية‬aqḍiya)
district, province (Syr., Ir., Leb., Saudi
Ar., Yemen) │ ‫ قضاء ﷲ‬death; ‫القضاء الشرعي‬
(šar‘ī) jurisdiction based on the Sharia;
canonical law, Sharia law; ‫ دار القضاء‬court
of justice, tribunal; ‫محكمة القضاء اإلداري‬
maḥkmat al-q. al-idārī administrative
court; ‫( القضاء والقدر‬wa-l-qadar) fate and
divine decree; ‫( بالقضاء والقدر‬or ‫قضاء وقدرا‬
qaḍā’an wa-qadaran) by fate and divine
decree; ‫( قضي القضاء‬quḍiya) the divine
decree was fulfilled, i.e., death came with
God’s will
‫ قضائي‬qaḍā’ī judicial, judicatory;
forensic, legal, judiciary, pertaining to
courts of justice │ ‫ حارس قضائي‬pl. ‫حراس‬
‫( قضائيون‬ḥurrās) legally appointed trustee
or administrator, receiver in bankruptcy,
liquidator, sequestrator
‫ قضوية الصلح‬qaḍawīyat aṣ-ṣulḥ
jurisdiction of a justice of the peace
‫ قضية‬qaḍīya pl. ‫ قضايا‬qaḍāyā lawsuit;
litigation, judicial contest; action at law,
suit; (legal) case, cause, legal affair;
matter, affair; question, problem, issue;
theorem, proposition (math.)
‫ مقاضاة‬muqāḍāh trial, hearing
‫ انقضاء‬inqiḍā’ passing, elapsing,
termination, expiry, expiration, end (of a
period of time); extinction (of an
obligation)
‫ اقتضاء‬iqtiḍā’ necessity, need, exigency,
requirement │ ‫ عند االقتضاء‬in case of need,
if need be, when necessary
‫ قاض‬qāḍin decisive, conclusive; deadly,
lethal; (pl. ‫ قضاة‬quḍāh) judge, magistrate,
justice, cadi; pl. ‫ قواض‬qawāḍin 772
requirements, exigencies │ ‫( سم قاض‬samm)
deadly poison; ‫( ضربة قاضية‬ḍarba) decisive
blow (‫ على‬against); knockout (boxing);
mortal or crushing blow, deathblow (‫على‬
to); ‫( رأى من قواضى الذمة ان‬q. d-dimma) to
regard it u one’s duty to ...; ‫ قاضي البحث‬q.
l-baḥt (Tun.) examining magistrate; ‫قاضي‬
‫( التحقيق‬Eg.) examining magistrate; ‫قاضي‬
‫ اإلحالة‬q. l-iḥāla (Eg.) magistrate sitting at
defendant’s arraignment, trial judge; ‫قاضي‬
‫ الصلح‬q. ṣ-ṣulḥ justice of the peace
‫ مقضي‬maqḍīy settled, finished, done,
completed, accomplished, etc. │ ‫األمر‬
‫ المقضي‬accomplished fact, fait accompli
‫ متقاض‬mutaqāḍin pl. ‫متقاضون‬
mutaqāḍūn litigant; ‫ المتقاضيان‬al-
mutaqāḍiyān the two litigants
‫ متقاضى‬mutaqāḍan subject to legal
prosecution
‫ مقتضى‬muqtaḍan required, necessary,
requisite; (pl. ‫ مقتضيات‬muqtaḍayāt)
requirement, exigency, necessity, need │
‫ بمقتضى‬bi-muqtaḍā (prep.) according to, in
accordance with, in conformity with,
pursuant to, under; ‫عند مقتضيات األحوال‬
should the circumstances require it
1
‫ قط‬qaṭṭu (chiefly with the put tense in
negative sentences) ever, (neg.:) never
2
‫قط‬qaṭṭa u (qaṭṭ) to carve (‫ ھـ‬s.th.); to cut,
trim, clip, pare (‫ ھـ‬s.th.); to mend the point
(‫ ھـ‬of a pen), nib, sharpen (‫ ھـ‬a pen) II to
carve, turn (‫ ھـ‬wood) VIII to sharpen, nib (
‫ ھـ‬a pen)
‫ قط‬qaṭṭ short and curly (hair)
‫ قطاط‬qaṭṭāṭ turner
3
‫ قط‬qiṭṭ pl. ‫ قطط‬qiṭaṭ, ‫ قطاط‬qiṭāṭ, ‫ قططة‬qiṭaṭa
male cat, tomcat │ ‫ قط الزباد‬q. az-zabād
civet cat
‫ قطة‬qiṭṭa female cat
‫ قطيطة‬quṭaiṭa kitten
‫ قطب‬qaṭaba i (qaṭb) to gather, collect (‫ ھـ‬s.th.);
-- (qaṭb, ‫ قطوب‬quṭūb) to contract the
eyebrows (also ‫ قطب حاجبيه‬q. ḥājibaihi),
knit the brows, frown, scowl, glower │
‫( قطب جبينه‬jabīnahū) to frown II to scowl,
glower; to knit the brows, frown; (eg.) to
sew together (‫ ھـ‬s.th.) V to become
gloomy (countenance) X O to polarize (‫ھـ‬
s.th.; phys.)
‫ قطب‬quṭb pl. ‫ اقطاب‬aqṭāb axis, axle; pole
(astron., geogr., el.); pivot; leader;
authority, leading personality, celebrity
(chiefly used in the pl.) │ ‫ قطب الرحى‬q. ar-
raḥā pivot (of s.th.; fig.); ‫القطب الجنوبي‬
(janūbī) the South Pole; ‫القطب الشمالي‬
(šamālī) the North Pole; ‫ قطب سالب‬negative
pole; cathode, ‫( قطب موجب‬mūjab) positive
pole, anode
‫ قطبي‬quṭbī polar │ O ‫( الشفق القطبي‬šafaq)
polar light
‫ قطبة‬quṭba (eg.) stitch (in sowing)
‫ قطوب‬quṭūb frowning, scowling,
glowering
O ‫ استقطاب‬istiqṭāb polarization (phys.)
‫ قاطبة‬qāṭibatan all together, all without
exception, one and all
‫ قطر‬qaṭara u (qaṭr, ‫ قطران‬qaṭarān) to fall or
sow in drops, drip, dribble, trickle II (qaṭr)
to let fall or sow in drops, drip, drop,
dribble, infuse in drops or driblets (‫ھـ‬
s.th.); to filter, filtrate (‫ ھـ‬s.th.); to refine (
‫ ھـ‬s.th.); to distill (‫ ھـ‬s.th.); to line up
camels (‫ )ھـ‬in single file and connect them
with halters, form a train of camels; to
couple (‫ ھـ‬vehicles); to tow, tug (‫ ھـ‬a ship)
V to fall or sow in drops, drip, dribble,
trickle; to soak, percolate (‫ الى‬into), trickle
(‫ الى‬in) VI to come in successive groups,
to crowd, throng, flock (‫ الى‬or ‫ على‬to s.o.,
to a place) X to drip, drop, dribble (‫ھـ‬
s.th.); to distill, extract by distillation (‫ھـ‬
s.th.) 773
‫ قطر‬qaṭr dripping, dribbling, dribble,
trickling, trickle; (call.; n. un. ‫ )ة‬pl. ‫قطار‬
qiṭār drops, driblets; rain; -- sirup
‫ قطر‬qaṭr pl. ‫ قطورات‬quṭūrāt (eg.)
(railroad) train
‫( قطرجي‬eg.) qaṭargī pl. -īya shunter,
switchman (railroad)
‫ قطر‬quṭr pl. ‫ اقطار‬aqṭār region, quarter;
district, section; tract of land; zone;
country, land; diameter (of a circle);
diagonal; caliber, bore (of a tube) │ ‫القطر‬
‫( المصري‬miṣrī) Egypt; ‫ نصف قطر الدائرة‬niṣf
q. ad-d. radius (of the circle); ‫اربعة اقطار‬
‫ الدنيا‬arba‘at a. ad-dunyā the four quarters
of the world; ‫الروعة التي تأخذني من جميع‬
‫( اقطاري‬rau‘a) the rapture which holds me
completely enthralled, which pervades my
heart through and through
‫ قطري‬quṭrī regional; diametral,
diametrical
‫ قطر‬qaṭar2 Qatar (sheikdom in eastern
Arabia)
‫ قطر‬quṭr, quṭur agalloch, aloeswood
‫ قطرة‬qaṭra (n. un. of ‫ قطر‬qaṭr) pl.
qaṭarāt drop (also as a medicine)
‫ قطيرة‬quṭaira pl. -āt droplet, driblet
‫ قطار‬qiṭār pl. -āt, ‫ قطر‬quṭur, ‫قطرات‬
quṭurāt train of camels; (railroad) train;
railroad; single file (of soldiers; Eg., mil.)
│ ‫ قطار البضاعة‬freight train, goods train;
‫( قطار حديدي‬ḥadīdī) railroad train; (‫خصوصي‬
or ‫( خصوص( قطار خاص‬kāṣṣ, kuṣūṣī) special
train; ‫ قطار الركاب‬q. ar-rukkāb passenger
train; ‫( قطار سباق‬sabbāq) fast train, express
train; ‫ قطار سريع‬express train; ‫قطار وقاف‬
(waqqāf) local train
‫ قطارة‬qaṭṭāra dropping tube, pipette,
dropper
‫ قطران‬qaṭrān (qiṭrān, qaṭirān) tar
‫ مقطر‬miqṭar pl. ‫ مقاطر‬maqāṭir2 censer
‫ مقطرة‬miqṭara pl. ‫ مقاطر‬maqāṭir2 censer;
stocks (device for punishment)
‫ تقطير‬taqṭīr filtering, filtration; refining;
distilling, distillation
‫ استقطار‬istiqṭār distilling, distillation
‫ قاطرة‬qāṭira pl. -āt locomotive; rail car,
diesel
‫ مقطورات‬maqṭūrāt trailers, truck trailers
‫ مقطرات‬muqaṭṭarāt spirituous liquors,
spirits
‫ قطرميز‬qaṭramīz (large) glass bottle or jar
‫ قطرن‬qaṭrana to tar, smear or coat with tar (‫ھـ‬
s.th.)
 ‫ قطران‬qaṭrān (qiṭrān, qaṭirān) tar great progress, make great headway; ‫قطع‬
‫ قطع‬qaṭa‘a a (qaṭ‘) to cut (‫ ھـ‬s.th.); to ‫ عليه الطريق‬to cut off s.o.’s way, intercept
s.o.; to engage in highway robbery; to
cut off (‫ ھـ‬s.th.); to chop off, lop off (‫ھـ‬
waylay s.o.) commit highway robbery on
s.th.); to amputate (‫ ھـ‬s.th.); to cut through,
s.o.; ‫‘( ال يقطع عقله‬aqlahū) it won’t get into
cut in two, divide (‫ ھـ‬s.th.); to tear apart,
his head, he can’t understand or believe it;
disrupt, sunder, disjoin, separate (‫ ھـ‬s.th.);
‫‘( قطع عھدا‬ahdan) to make a contract; to
to fell (‫ ھـ‬a tree); to break off, sever (‫ھـ‬
make a promise, vow, or pledge (‫ ل‬to
s.th., e.g., relations); to break off one’s
s.o.); ‫‘( قطع على نفسه عھدا ب‬ahdan) and ‫قطع‬
friendship, break (‫ ه‬with s.o.); to cut, snub
‫( الوعد على نفسه ب‬wa‘da) to vow s.th.,
(‫ ه‬s.o.); to interrupt (‫ ه‬،‫ ھـ‬s.o., s.th.); to cut
pledge o.s. or bind o.s. to do s.th.; ‫قطع‬
short, interrupt, silence (‫ ه‬s.o.); to turn off,
‫ الكمبيالة‬to discount the bill of exchange;
switch off, disconnect (‫ ھـ‬electric current);
‫( قطع لسنه‬lisānahū) to silence s.o., seal
to prevent, hinder (‫ عن ه‬s.o. from); to
s.o.’s lips, gag s.o.; ‫( قطع الوقت‬waqt) to
forbid (‫ ه‬to s.o. s.th.), prohibit (‫ عن ه‬s.o.
while away the time, kill time II to cut
from doing s.th.); to deprive (‫ عن ه‬s.o. of);
into pieces, cut up, dismember (‫ ھـ‬s.th.); to
(Chr.) to excommunicate (‫ ه‬s.o.); to have a
carve (‫ ھـ‬meat); to tear apart, rend, rip
profound effect, have a considerable
apart, gash. slash, lacerate (‫ ھـ‬s.th.); to cut
impact, be impressive (spiritually); to
seriously, gash deeply (‫ ھـ‬one’s hand); to
make a profound impression (‫ في‬on),
interrupt; to scan (‫ ھـ‬a verse) │ ‫يقطع البصر‬
impress greatly, affect deeply (‫ في‬s.o.); to
(qalba) heart-rending III to dissociate,
ford (‫ ھـ‬a river), cross (‫ ھـ‬a river, an
separate o.s. (‫ ه‬from), part company, break
ocean), traverse (‫ ھـ‬a country), pass
off one’s friendship, break (‫ ه‬with s.o.); to
through or across s.th. (‫ ;)ھـ‬to cover (‫ ھـ‬a
cut, snub (‫ ه‬s.o.); to be on bad terms (‫ه‬
distance); to survive (‫ ھـ‬s.th., e.g., a
with s.o.); to boycott (‫ ه‬،‫ ھـ‬s.o., s.th.); to
danger), surmount, overcome (‫ ھـ‬s.th.,
interrupt (‫ ه‬،‫ ھـ‬s.o., s.th.); to cut s.o. (‫)ه‬
e.g., a difficulty), get over s.th. (‫ ;)ھـ‬to
short, out in on s.o.’s (‫ )ه‬talk, also ‫قاطع‬
spend, pass, while away (‫ في ھـ‬time with);
‫ الحديث‬IV to make or let s.o. (‫ )ه‬cut or cut
to use up, consume (‫ ھـ‬food); to decide (‫ھـ‬
off (‫ ھـ‬s.th.); to make or let s.o. (‫ )ه‬cross or
or ‫ ب‬s.th.); to say with 774 certainty,
assert, declare positively (‫ ب‬s.th.), affirm ford (‫ ھـ‬a river); to bestow as a fief (‫ ھـ ه‬on
s.o. s.th.); to grant, assign, allot (‫ ھـ ه‬to s.o.
confidently, aver (‫ بأن‬that); to prove (‫بأن‬
that); pass. quṭi’a to break, break apart, be s.th.); to separate o.s., disassociate o.s. (‫ه‬
from s.o.), part company (‫ ه‬with s.o.); to
or get broken, be or become interrupted;
break off one’s friendship (‫ عن‬with s.o.);
to snap (rope, string of a musical
instrument) │ ‫( )قطع األمل )الرجاء‬amal, to break (‫ عن‬with s.o.) V to be cut off, be
severed, be disrupted, be interrupted, be
rajā’) to give up hope, to despair; ‫قطع الثمن‬
disconnected; to snap; to be cut up, be
(taman) to fix the price, agree on the
chopped up, be hacked to pieces. be
price; ‫( )قطع تذكرة )بطاقة‬tadkiratan) to buy a
dismembered; to be intermittent. flow
ticket; ‫( قطع عليه حديثه‬ḥadītahū) to interrupt
discontinuously (electric current); to be
s.o., cut s.o. short, cut in on s.o.’s talk; ‫قطع‬
disjointed, be jerky (words, style); to
‫( دورا‬dauran) to pass through a phase or
knock o.s. out (e.g., with eagerness) │
period, go through a stage; ‫( قطع برأي‬bi-
‫( تقطعت به الحبال‬ḥibālu) to be at the end of
ra’yin) to express a firm opinion; to
one’s resources, be utterly helpless; ‫تقطع به‬
decide in favor of an opinion; ‫( قطع برأيه‬bi-
‫( األسباب‬asbābu) to be at one’s wit’s end,
ra’yihī) to be guided in one’s decisions by
be at the end of one’s tether; ‫ھدف تتقطع دونه‬
s.o., proceed in accordance with s.o.’s
‫( األعناق‬hadafun, dūnahū) lit.: a goal on the
opinion or decision; ‫( قطع الرحم‬raḥim) to
way to which throats are slit, i.e., one
sever the bonds of kinship, break with
which remains unattainable VI to separate,
one’s relatives; to violate the rules of
part company, go apart; to get separated
consanguinity; ‫( قطع اشواطا‬ašwāṭan) to
from each other; to break off mutual
make progress; ‫قطع شوطا كبيرا )بعيدا( في التقدم‬
relations, snub each other; to intersect
‫( ))الرقي‬šauṭan, taqaddum, ruqīy) and ‫قطع‬
(lines, roads, etc.; L s.th.), cut across,
‫( في ميدان الرقي اشواطا‬maidāni r-r.) to make
cross (of a line or road, ‫ مع‬another) VII to
be cut off, be or get separated (‫ عن‬or ‫من‬
from); to be chopped off, be lopped off, be
cut through, be sundered, be severed, be
tom apart, be disrupted, be broken, be
broken off; to be interrupted, be
disconnected, be cut off, be shut off (also,
e.g., electric current), be blocked, be
stopped; to 775 break. break apart, tear,
snap (intr., e.g., a rope, a string); to cease,
end, come to an end, run out, expire; to
stop, come to a halt, come to a standstill,
be suspended, be discontinued; to stop.
cease (‫ عن‬s.th.; doing s.th.); to leave off (
‫ عن‬s.th.), desist, abstain. refrain (‫ عن‬from);
to suspend, discontinue, stay (‫ عن‬s.th.); to
withdraw, stay away, hold aloof (‫عن‬
from); to devote o.s., dedicate o.s., give
one’s attention. apply o.s. (‫ ل‬or ‫ الى‬to); to
concentrate (‫ ل‬or ‫ الى‬on); to occupy o.s.
exclusively (‫ ل‬or ‫ الى‬with), give all one’s
time (‫ ل‬or ‫ الى‬to) VIII to take a part, a little
(‫ من‬of s.th.); to take, borrow, cull, glean (
‫ من ھـ‬s.th. from, e.g., a story from a book);
to tear out, take out, remove (‫ ھـ‬e.g., a
page, ‫ من‬from a book or notebook); to tear
off, rip off, detach (‫ ھـ‬e.g., a coupon); to
appropriate, acquire (‫ ھـ‬s.th.); to possess
o.s., take possession (‫ ھـ‬of), seize (‫ ھـ‬on) X
to request as a fief (‫ ھـ ه‬of S.o. s.th.); (eg.)
to deduct (‫ ھـ‬an amount)
‫ قطع‬qal’ cutting off; chopping off,
detruncation; amputation; cutting,
scission, section; disruption, sunderance,
disjunction, disconnection, separation;
felling (of a tree); severance, rupture,
breakoff (e.g., of relations); stoppage,
blockage, embargo, ban, blackout,
suspension; interruption, discontinuation;
disconnection, turning off, switching off
(of electric current); prevention, hindrance
(‫ عن‬from); deprivation; excommunication
(Chr.); fording (of a river); crossing (of an
ocean); traversion (of a country); covering
(of a distance); spending, passing (of a
span of time); consumption; deduction,
rebate, discount; (pl. ‫ اقطاع‬aqṭā‘) format,
size (of a book); (pl. ‫ قطوع‬aqṭā‘) section
(geom.); ‫ قطعا‬qaṭ‘an decidedly, definitely,
positively, for certain; with neg.:
absolutely not, not at all, by no means, not
in the least │ ‫ قطع الحسابات‬settlement of
accounts; ‫ قطع الطريق‬highway robbery,
brigandage; ‫ قطع الطريق على‬forcible
prevention of s.th., radical stop to s.th.;
‫ قطع الماھية‬q. al-māhīya salary cut, wage
deduction; ‫ سعر )معدل( القطع‬si‘r (or
mu‘addal) al-q. discount rate, bank rate;
‫ قط الربع‬q. ar-rub‘ (ar-rubu‘) quarto
format; ‫ قطع كتب الجيب‬q. kutub al-jaib
pocket size (book); ‫ قطع مخروط‬q.
makrūtin, ‫( قطع مخروطي‬makrūṭī) conic
section (geom.); ‫ قطع زائد‬hyperbola
(geom.); ‫( قطع مكافئ‬mukāfi’) parabola
(geom.); ‫ قطع ناقص‬ellipse (geom.); ‫قطعا‬
‫ للوقت‬gaṭ‘an li-l-waqt as a pastime, just to
kill time; ‫( بقطع النظر عن‬bi-q. in-naẓari)
irrespective of, regardless of, without
regard to; aside from, apart from; ‫ھمزة‬
‫ القطع‬disjunctive hamza (gram.)
‫ قطعي‬qaṭ‘ī decided, definite, positive;
final, definitive; ‫ قطعيا‬qaṭ‘īyan decidedly,
definitely, emphatically, categorically
‫ قطعية‬qaṭ‘īya certainty, definiteness,
positiveness
‫ قطعة‬qiṭ‘a pl. ‫ قطع‬qiṭa‘ piece, fragment,
lump, chunk; part, portion; section,
division; segment (geom.); coin; naval
unit; unit (mil.) │ ‫ قطعة الدائرة‬or ‫القطعة القطع‬
‫ الدائرية‬segment of a circle (geom.); O ‫قطعة‬
‫ التركيب‬part (of a machine, of an
apparatus); O ‫ قطع االزدواج‬coupling
element (el.); ‫( قطعة مسرحية‬masraḥīya)
(stage) play; ‫( قطعة غنائية‬ginā’īya) vocal
piece, vocal composition; ‫ قطعة التغيير‬or
‫ قطعة غيار‬spare part; ‫( قطعة فنية‬fannīya)
work of art; ‫( القطعة الكروية‬kurawīya)
spherical segment (geom.); ‫قطعة تمثيلية‬
(tamtīlīya) (stage) play; ‫ قطعة موسيقية‬piece
of music, musical composition; ‫قطعة مالية‬
(malīya) coin; ‫‘( العمل بالقطع‬amal)
piecework, job work, taskwork
‫ قطعة‬quṭ‘a pl. quṭu‘āt, ‫ قطع‬quṭa‘ a piece
cut off, a cut; stump; plot of land, patch of
land, lot
‫ قطعة‬qaṭa‘a pl. -āt, ‫ قطع‬qaṭa‘ stump 776
‫ قطاع‬qiṭā‘, quṭā‘ pl. -āt section; sector
(geom.) │ ‫‘( قطاع عرضي‬arḍī) cross
section; ‫( قطاعات من األنسجة‬ansija) tissue
sections (biol.); ‫( القطاع الدائري‬dā’irī) sector
of a circle (geom.); ‫( القطاع الكروي‬kurawī)
spherical sector (geom.)
‫ قطاع‬qaṭṭā‘ (stone-, wood-) cutter
 ‫ بالقطاعي‬bi-l-qaṭtā‘ī by retail, retail
(adj.)
‫ قطيع‬qaṭī‘ pl. ‫ قطاع‬qiṭā‘, ‫ قطعان‬quṭ‘ān,
‫ اقطاع‬aqṭā‘ troop or group (of animals),
drove, flock, herd
‫ قطيعة‬qaṭī‘a rupture of relations, break,
breach, rift, alienation, estrangement,
separation; enmity among relatives (short
for ‫ قطيعة الرحم‬q. ar-raḥim); (pl. ‫قطائع‬
qaṭā’i‘2) fief, fee, feudal estate, land
granted by feudal tenure
‫ اقطع‬aqṭa‘2 more convincing, more
conclusive (evidence); (f. ‫ قطعاء‬qaṭ‘ā’2)
amputee; one-armed; dumb, mute
‫ مقطع‬maqṭa’ pl. ‫ مقاطع‬maqāṭi‘2 crossing
point, crossing, traverse, passage; ford;
(point of) intersection; cross section;
section, division; syllable; musical phrase;
quarry; group of animals,
drove │ ‫ مقطع الرأي‬m. ar-ra’y decision,
judgment
‫ مقطع‬miqṭa‘ pl. ‫ مقاطع‬maqāṭi‘2 cutting
instrument │ ‫ مقطع السيجار‬cigar cutter; ‫مقطع‬
‫ الورق‬m. al-waraq paper knife; paper cutter
‫ تقطيع‬taqṭī‘ fragmentation,
dismemberment, cutting up, division,
partitioning; interruption, disruption,
discontinuation; gripes, colic; (pl. ‫تقاطيع‬
taqāṭī‘) stature, figure; shape, form; pl.
parts, portions,
sections, members │ ‫ تقاطيع الوجه‬t. al-
wajh features, lineaments of the face
‫ مقاطعة‬muqāṭa‘a separation; break (with
s.o.); indifference, unfeelingness,
unlovingness; boycott; interruption; (pl.
-āt) area, region, section, district, province
‫ اقطاع‬iqṭā‘ and ‫ اقطاعة‬iqṭā‘a pl. -āt fief,
fee, feudal estate, land granted by feudal
tenure │ ‫ ذو اإلقطاع‬liege lord, feudal lord
‫ اقطاعي‬iqṭā‘ī liege, feudatory, feudal;
(pl. -ūn) liege lord, feudal lord
‫ اقطاعية‬iqṭā‘īya feudalism; ‫ اإلقطاعية‬the
feudal system
‫ تقطع‬taqaṭṭu‘ pl. -āt interruptedness,
interruption
‫ تقاطع‬taqāṭu’ severance of mutual
relations; crossing; intersection, junction
‫ انقطاع‬inqiṭā’ separation, disjunction,
severance; break, breach, rift, rupture,
break-off; interruption, disruption,
discontinuance; cessation, stop,
termination, expiration, extinction;
stoppage, shutdown, blockage,
suspension; end, close, conclusion;
absence, withdrawal, aloofness (‫ عن‬from)
│ ‫ انقطاع التيار‬inq. at-tayyār power
shutdown (el.); ‫ بدون انقطاع‬or ‫من غير انقطاع‬
incessantly, constantly, continually,
without interruption
‫ انقطاعية‬inqiṭā’īya separatism
‫ استقطاع‬istiqṭā’ pl. -āt cut, deduction
(e.g., from salary)
‫ قاطع‬qāṭi’ cutting; sharp; convincing,
cogent, irrefutable, conclusive, decisive
(e.g., evidence); decided, definite,
positive, unmistakable, unequivocal; final,
definitive; sour (milk); secant (geom.); (pl.
‫ قواطع‬qawāṭi’2) partition, screen │ ‫قاطع‬
‫ الطريق‬pl. ‫ قطاع الطرق‬quṭṭā’ aṭ-ṭuruq (or ‫قطع‬
‫ الطرق‬quṭṯa’ aṭ-ṭ.) highway robber, holdup
man, waylayer, brigand; ‫( بصفة قاطعة‬bi-
ṣifatin) unmistakably; ‫( سن قاطعة‬sinn)
incisor; ‫ طير قواطع‬ṭairun qawāṭi’u
migratory birds; ‫ قاطع التذاكر‬ticket seller,
conductor (streetcar, bus, etc.)
O ‫ قاطعة‬qāṭi’a interrupter, circuit
breaker (el.) 777
‫ مقطوع‬maqṭū’ cut off, severed, chopped
off, etc.; ‫ مقطوع به‬decided, finished,
settled, done with (matter, affair); (pl.
‫ مقاطيع‬maqāṭī’2) short poem │ ‫مقطوع النظير‬
matchless, peerless, unrivaled, unequaled
‫ مقطوعة‬maqṭū’a pl. -āt, ‫ مقاطيع‬maqāṭī’2
piece (of music) │ ‫ مقطوعة موسيقية‬piece of
music, musical composition
‫ مقطوعية‬maqṭū’īya share, portion,
allotment: consumption │ ‫( بالمقطوعية‬eg.)
in the lump, for a lump sum
‫ مقطع‬muqaṭṭa’ torn, shredded
‫ مقطع‬muqṭi’ liege lord; -- muqṭa’ liege
man, feudatory. feudal tenant, vassal
‫ متقطع‬mutaqaṭṯi’ cut off, torn, ruptured,
disrupted, interrupted; discontinuous,
flowing intermittently (electric current); in
stages (movement); staccato (voice);
 incoherent, disjointed (words) │ ‫تيار متقطع‬
(tayyār) alternating current
‫ منقطع‬munqaṭi’ cut off; severed,
disjoined, separate(d), detached; chopped
off, detruncated; cut, cut in two, sundered,
torn. ruptured, disrupted; broken; broken
off; interrupted, discontinued, stopped,
blocked; disconnected, turned off,
switched off (electric current); halting,
discontinuous, intermittent, fitful;
outlying, remote, out-of-the-way (region);
devoted, dedicated (‫ ل‬or ‫ الى‬to), set aside
exclusively, solely destined (‫ ل‬or ‫ الى‬for)
│ ‫ منقطع النظير‬and ‫ منقطع القرين‬unmatched,
matchless, peerless, unrivaled, unequaled,
incomparable, singular, unique; ‫غير منقطع‬
incessant, unceasing, continual,
uninterrupted
‫ مستقطع‬mustaqṭa’ cut, deduction (from
salary)
‫ قطف‬qaṭafa i (qaṯf, ‫ قطوف‬quṭūf) to pick (‫ھـ‬
flowers, fruit); to gather, harvest (‫ ھـ‬fruit);
to pluck off, pull off, tear off (‫ ھـ‬s.th., e.g.,
leaves); (eg.) to skim (‫ ھـ‬a liquid from the
surface): -- (qaṭf) to scratch, scratch up (‫ه‬
s.o.) II = I VIII to pick (‫ ھـ‬flowers, fruit);
to gather, harvest (‫ ھـ‬fruit); to pluck off (‫ھـ‬
s.th.); to select, choose, pick out (‫ھـ من‬
s.th. from among)
‫ قطف‬qaṭf (act or instance of) picking,
etc.; (pl. ‫ قطوف‬quṭūf) scratch
‫ قطف‬qiṯāf picked fruit
‫ قطاف‬qiṭāf picking, gathering, harvest
(of fruit); picking season, vintage, harvest
time
‫ داني القطوف‬dānī l-quṭūf within reach, at
hand; easy to apply, easy to use, handy
‫ قطوف‬qaṭūf pl. ‫ قطف‬quṭuf short-stepped,
slow
‫ قطيفة‬qaṭīfa velvet; plush
‫ قطائف‬qaṭā’if2, ‫ قطايف‬qaṭāyif2 (pl.) small,
triangular doughnuts fried in melted butter
and served with honey
‫ مقطف‬miqṭaf pl. ‫ مقاطف‬maqāṭif 2
implement for picking fruit, fruit picker;
vine knife
‫ مقطف‬magṭaf pl. ‫ مقاطف‬maqāṭif 2 basket
‫ اقتطاف‬iqtiṭāf picking, gathering, etc.;
selection, choice, pick
‫ مقتطف‬muqtaṭaf pl. -āt selected or select
piece; selection
‫ قطقوطة‬qaṭqūṭa young girl
‫ قطل‬qaṭala u i (qaṭf) to cut off (‫ ھـ‬s.th.) II = I
‫ قطيلة‬qaṭīla towel; floor rag
‫ قطم‬qaṭama i (qaṭm) to cut off (‫ ھـ‬s.th.): to
break off (‫ ھـ‬s.th.)
‫ قطمة‬qaṭma piece; bite, morsel
‫ المقطم‬al-muqaṭṭam a range of hills east
of Cairo 778
‫ قطمير‬qiṭmīr pellicle enveloping a date pit │ ‫ال‬
‫( يملك قطميرا‬yamliku) he doesn’t own a
thing, he hasn’t a red cent to his name
1
‫ قطن‬qaṭana u (‫ قطون‬quṭūn) to live, dwell,
reside (‫ في‬or ‫ ب‬or ‫ ھـ‬in a place); to inhabit
(‫ في‬or ‫ ب‬or ‫ ھـ‬a place) II to make live,
settle (‫ ب ھـ‬s.o. in)
‫ قطن‬qaṭan small of the back
‫ قطن‬quṭn, quṭun pl. ‫ اقطان‬aqṭān cotton │
‫ قطن خام‬raw cotton, cotton, wool, unginned
cotton; ‫( قطن سكارتو‬It. scarto) (eg.) cotton
waste; ‫( قطن طبي‬ṭibbī) absorbent cotton;
‫( قطن ملتھب‬multahib) guncotton; O ‫حطب‬
‫ القطن‬ḥaṭab al-q. excelsior; ‫محلج القطن‬
miḥlaj al.q. cotton gin
‫ قطني‬quṭnī cotton (adj.)
‫ قطنية‬quṭnīya, qiṭnīya pl. ‫ قطاني‬qaṭānīy
pulse, legumes (peas, beans, lentils)
‫ قطانية‬quṭānīya, qiṭānīya Indian corn,
maize (tun.)
‫ قطان‬qaṭtān cotton manufacturer, cotton
merchant
‫ يقطين‬yaqṭīn (coll.; n. un. ‫ )ة‬a variety of
squash
‫ مقطنة‬maqṭana cotton plantation
‫ قاطن‬qāṭin pl. ‫ قطان‬quṭṭān resident,
domiciled; inhabitant, dweller
2
‫ قيطن‬qīṭān pl. ‫ قياطين‬qayāṭīn2 cord, braid, lace
‫ قطا‬qaṭan (coll.; n. un. ‫ قطاة‬qaṭāh) sand grouse
(Pterocles)
‫ قعد‬qa‘ada u (‫ قعد‬qu‘ūd) to sit down,
take a seat; to sit, be sitting; to remain
seated; to remain, stay, abide; to lie in
wait (‫ ل‬for s.o.), waylay (‫ ل‬s.o.); to desist,
abstain, refrain (‫ عن‬from), renounce waive
(‫ عن‬s.th.) │ ‫ قعد به‬to make s.o. sit down,
make s.o. sit, seat s.o., induce s.o. to stay;
to hamper, handicap, hamstring, disable,
paralyze s.o.; ‫( قعدت به ركبتاه‬rukbatāhu) his
knees buckled under him; ‫ قعد به عن‬to hold
back, restrain, discourage, or prevent s.o.
from; ‫( قعد عن الذھاب‬dahāb) he decided not
to go; ‫ قام وقعد‬to be in a state of great
anxiety, be seriously upset, be very
agitated; to be very alarmed (‫ ل‬by) IV to
make (‫ ه‬s.o.) sit down; to make (‫ ه‬s.o.) sit;
to cause or induce (‫ ه‬s.o.) to stay; to seat (‫ه‬
s.o.); to hold back, restrain, discourage,
prevent (‫ عن ه‬s.o. from); to decrease,
diminish, reduce (‫ من‬s.th.); pass uq‘ida to
be lame, be crippled │ ‫اقامه واقعده‬
(aqāmahū) to
upset s.o. seriously, throw s.o. in a state
of violent emotion; ‫( اقعد من ھمته‬himmatihī)
to dampen s.o.’s zeal V not to desire (‫عن‬
s.th.). not to be out for s.th. (‫ ;)عن‬to desist,
abstain, refrain (‫ عن‬from) VI = V; to
remain aloof, refrain, forbear, withdraw (
‫ عن‬from); to be pensioned off, retire VIII
to take or use as a seat (‫ ھـ‬s.th.); to sit
down (‫ ھـ‬on s.th.); to be, remain (‫ ھـ‬in a
state or condition)
‫ قعد‬qa‘ad slackers, shirkers of military
service in times of war; also, designation
of the Khawarij
‫ قعدة‬qa‘da sitting; backside, seat,
buttocks, posteriors; space occupied while
sitting, seating space │ ‫ ذو القعد‬name of the
eleventh month of the Muslim year
‫ قعدة‬qi‘da manner of sitting, seat, pose,
posture; space occupied while sitting,
seating space
‫ قعدة‬qu‘ada constantly or frequently
sitting, sedentary; glued to the seat, not
budging, seated firmly; lazy, inert,
indolent
‫ قعدي‬qu‘dī constantly or frequently
sitting, sedentary; glued to the seat, not
budging, firmly seated; lazy, inert,
indolent
‫ قعود‬qa‘ūd pl. ‫ اقعدة‬al-Qur'an‘ida ‫قعد‬
qu‘ud, ‫ قعدان‬qi‘dān, ‫ قعائد‬qa‘ā’id2 young
camel 779
‫ قعود‬qu‘ūd sitting; desistance,
abstention, refraining (‫ عن‬from);
renunciation, abandonment, waiver (‫عن‬
of)
‫ قعيد‬qa‘īd companion; one with whom
one sits together; keeper, guardian,
supervisor, superintendent; crippled,
disabled, infirm │ ‫ قعيد المنزل‬q. al-manzil
confined to one’s house or to one’s
quarters
‫ قعيدة‬qa‘īda pl. ‫ قعائد‬qa‘ā’id2 woman
companion; wife, spouse
‫ مقعد‬maq‘ad pl. ‫ مقعد‬maq‘ad2 s.th. to sit
on, space to sit in; seat (in general, in a
theater, in parliament, etc.); chair; bench;
sofa, settee; box, driver’s seat (of a
carriage or coach) │ ‫ مقعد طويل‬chaise
longue; ‫( مقعد مريح‬murīḥ) easy chair,
armchair
‫ مقعدة‬maq‘ada pl. ‫ مقاعد‬maqā‘d2
backside, seat, buttocks, posteriors
‫ تقاعد‬taqā‘ud restraint, reticence,
aloofness, reserve; retirement │ ‫معاش التقاعد‬
ma‘āš at-t. retiring allowance,
superannuation. pension; ‫احيل الى التقاعد‬
(uḥīla) to be pensioned off, be
superannuated, be retired
‫ قاعد‬qā‘id pl. ‫ قعود‬qu‘ūd, ‫ قعاد‬qu‘ād,
sitting, seated; inactive, idle, lazy, also ‫قاعد‬
‫‘( العمل‬amal); ‫ قاعدون‬qā‘idūn slacken,
shirkers of military service in times of
war; -- ‫ قاعد‬qā‘id pl. ‫ قواعد‬qawā‘id2 woman
who, because of her age, has ceased to
bear children
‫ قاعدة‬qā‘ida pl. ‫ قواعد‬qawā‘id2
foundation, groundwork; basis;
fundament; base (geom.; mil.); support,
base, socle, foot, pedestal; O chassis,
undercarriage; precept, rule, principle,
maxim; formula; method, manner, mode;
model, pattern │ ‫ قاعدة األسطول‬q. al-usṭūl or
‫( قاعدة بحرية‬baḥrīya) naval base; ‫قاعدة البالد‬
capital of the country; ‫( قاعدة جوية‬jawwīya)
airbase; ‫( قاعدة حربية‬ḥarbīya) base of
operation; ‫ قاعدة الملك‬q. al-mulk seat of
government; ‫ مساحة القاعدة‬misāḥat al-q.
base, basal surface
 ‫ مقعد‬muq‘ad brought to a standstill,
stopped, arrested; lame, crippled, disabled,
infirm; an invalid
‫ متقاعد‬mutaqā‘id retired; pensioner
‫ قعر‬qa‘ara u (‫ قعارة‬qa‘āra) to be deep,
hollowed out II to make deep or deeper,
deepen (‫ ھـ‬s.th.); to hollow out, make
hollow, excavate (‫ ھـ‬s.th.); to cry, shout,
scream │ ‫( قعر في كالمه‬kalāmihī) to speak
gutturally IV to make deep or deeper,
deepen (‫ ھـ‬a well) V to be depressed, sunk,
low, deep, hollowed out, dished, concave;
to descend to the bottom
‫ قعر‬qa‘r pl. ‫ قعور‬qu‘ūr bottom; depth;
keel (of a ship); pit, hole, hollow, cavity,
depression │ ‫( من القعر صاعدا‬ṣā‘idan) from
the ground up
‫ قعرة‬qa‘ra pit, hole, hollow, cavity,
depression
‫ قعور‬qa‘ūr deep
‫ قعير‬qa‘īr deep
‫ مقعر‬muqa‘‘ar depressed, sunk, low,
deep; hollow, dished, concave; curved;
obscure (language)
‫ قعس‬qa‘isa a (qa‘s) to have a
protruding chest and hollow back, be
pigeon-breasted VI to remain aloof, keep
away, stay away, desist, refrain (‫ عن‬from);
to hesitate, waver, be reluctant (‫ عن‬to do
s.th.); to fail, neglect (‫ عن‬to do s.th.); to be
uninterested (‫ عن‬in) XIV ‫ اقعنسس‬iq‘ansasa
=I
‫ اقعس‬aq‘asa having a protruding chest
and hollow back, pigeon-breasted │ ‫عز‬
‫‘( اقعس‬izz) firmly established power
‫ تقاعس‬taqā‘us negligence
‫ متقاعس‬mutaqā‘is hesitant, wavering,
reluctant; negligent, careless, sloppy,
listless, idle 780
‫ قعقع‬qa‘qa‘a (‫ قعقعة‬qa‘qa‘a) to clatter; to rattle;
to clank
‫ قعقع‬qa‘qa‘, qu‘qu‘ magpie
‫ قعقعة‬qa‘qa‘a clatter; rattle; clank,
clang; noise, din; pl. ‫ قعاقع‬qa‘āaqi‘ high-
sounding words
‫ قف‬qaffa u (‫ قفوف‬qufūf) to be dry, withered,
shriveled; to dry up, wither, shrivel; to
contract, shrink; to bristle, stand on and
(hair)
‫ قفة‬quffa pl. ‫ قفف‬qufaf large basket;
(Mesopotamian) round boat, gufa (ir.)
‫ قفر‬quffa, qaffa feverish shiver, ague fit
‫ قفر‬qafara u (qafr): ‫( قفر اثره‬atarahū) to follow
s.o.’s tracks, track s.o. IV to be or become
empty, bleak, desolate, deserted,
depopulated, unihabited, devastated,
waste; to be destitute, be devoid (‫ من‬of) to
ravage, lay waste, devastate, desolate,
depopulate (‫ ھـ‬s.th.); to abandon, leave in
a state of desolation (‫ ھـ‬houses, a city); to
gnaw off, pick (‫ ھـ‬a bone) VIII to follow
s.o.’s (‫ )ه‬tracks, track (‫ ه‬s.o.)
‫ قفر‬qalr pl. ‫ قفار‬qifār desert, wasteland,
desolate region; empty, bleak, forsaken,
forlorn, deserted, lifeless, uninhabited,
depopulated, devastated, desolate, waste;
destitute, devoid (‫ من‬of) │ ‫)ارض قفر )قفار‬
(arḍ) wasteland; ‫( خبز قفر‬kubz) plain bread,
dry bread
‫ قفرة‬qafra pl. qafarāt desert, wasteland,
desolate region
‫ خبز قفار‬kubzun qafārun plain bread, dry
bread
‫ قفير‬qafīr pl. ‫ قفران‬qufrān beehive
‫ بادية قفراء‬bādiya qafrā’2 arid desert
‫ اقفار‬iqfār emptiness bleakness,
desolateness, desolation; ravage,
devastation, depopulation
‫ مقفر‬muqfir empty, bleak, forsaken,
forlorn, deserted, lifeless, uninhabited,
depopulated, devastated, desolate, waste;
destitute, devoid (‫ من‬of)
‫ قفز‬qafaza i (qafz, ‫ قفزان‬qafazān) to jump, leap,
spring, hurdle, bound; to jump up, leap in
the air; to jump off, take off V to put on or
wear gloves
‫ قفز‬qafz jumping (also athlet.) │ ‫القفز‬
‫( على الحبل‬ḥabl) skipping the rope; ‫القفز‬
‫ بالزانة‬pole vaulting; ‫ قفز طويل‬broad jump;
‫‘( قفز عال‬ālin) high jump
‫ قفزة‬qafza pl. qafazāt jump, leap, spring,
bound
‫ قفاز‬quffāz pl. -āt, ‫ قفافيز‬qafāfīz2 glove; a
pair of gloves
 ‫ قفيز‬qafīz pl. ‫ اقفزة‬aqfiza cafiz, a dry
measure, ca. 496-640 l, = 16 whibas
(Tun.)
‫ مقفز‬maqfiz springboard
‫ قفش‬qafaša i u (qafš) to gather, collect (‫ھـ‬
s.th.); (eg.) to catch, seize, grasp, grab; to
find out, discover (‫ ھـ‬s.th.)
‫ قفش‬qafš prattle, chatter
‫ قفشات‬qafazāt (pl.) jokes
‫ قفص‬qafaṣ pl. ‫ اقفاص‬aqfāṣ cage; birdcage; pen,
coop, wired enclosure; basket (made of
palm fronds); thorax, chest; (prisoner’s)
dock (= ‫ قفص االتھام‬q. al-ittihām)
‫ تقفيصة‬taqfīṣa poultry coop
‫ قفطان‬qufṭān pl. ‫ قفاطين‬qafāṭīn caftam, a long-
sleeved outer garment, open in front and
fastened by a ḥizām
‫ القفقاس‬al-qafqās the Caucasus
‫ قفع‬qafa‘a a (qafa‘) to contract; to shrink; to
shrivel, become wrinkled II to shrivel (‫ھـ‬
the fingers; of the cold) V = I
‫ قفع‬qaf‘ testudo 781
‫ قفقف‬qafqafa (‫ قفقفة‬qafqafa) and II taqafqafa to
shiver with cold
‫ قفل‬qafala u i (‫ قفول‬qufūl) to come home, come
back, return; -- i (qafl) to shut, close (‫ھـ‬
s.th.); to latch, lock, shut up, bolt (‫ ھـ‬s.th.);
to accumulate, amass, hoard (‫ ھـ‬s.th.) II
and IV to padlock (‫ ھـ‬s.th.); to shut, close (
‫ ھـ‬s.th.); to switch off, shut off, turn off (‫ھـ‬
s.th.); to cut off, stop (‫ ھـ‬the supply of),
block, bar, close (‫ ھـ‬s.th.); to latch, lock,
shut up, bolt (‫ ھـ‬s.th.)
‫ قفل‬qufl pl. ‫ اقفال‬aqfāl, ‫ قفول‬qufūl
padlock; lock, latch; bolt; O lock (of a
canal)
‫ قفال‬qaffāl locksmith
‫ اقفال‬iqfāl shutting, closing, closure;
shutting up; locking, bolting; stoppage,
blocking, blockage, barring, obstruction
‫ قافل‬qāfil pl. ‫ قافلة‬qāfila, ‫ قفال‬quffāl
home-coming, returning; homecomer,
repatriate
‫ قافلة‬qāfila pl. ‫ قوافل‬qawāfil2 caravan;
column; convoy │ ‫قافلة )تجارية( بحرية‬
(tijārīya, baḥrīya) or ‫ قافلة السفن‬q. as-sufun
naval convoy
‫ )قفا )قفو‬qafā u (qafw) to follow (‫ اثره‬atarahū
s.o.’s tracks) II to send (‫ ب‬or ‫ ه ه‬s.o. after
s.o. else); to rhyme, put into rhyme VIII
‫( اقتفى اثره‬atarahū) to follow s.o.’s tracks,
track s.o.; to follow up, pursue s.o. (mil.);
to follow in s.o.’s tracks, follow s.o.’s
example, imitate s.o.
‫ قفا‬qafan m. and f., pl. ‫ اقفية‬aqfiya, ‫اقف‬
aqfin, ‫ اقفاء‬aqfā’, ‫ قفي‬qufīy, qifīy nape;
occiput, back of the head; back; reverse;
wrong side (of a fabric)
‫ قفاء‬qafā’ nape; occiput, back of the
head
‫ اقتفاء‬iqtifā’ following (of s.o.’s tracks),
tracking; imitation
‫ قافية‬qāfiya pl. ‫ قواف‬qawāfin rhyme;
(eg.) play on words, pun, double,
entendre; nape
‫ قيقب‬look up alphabetically
‫ قاقلي‬،‫ قاقلة‬and ‫ قاقم‬look up alphabetically
‫ قل‬qalla i (qill, qull, ‫ قلة‬qilla) to be or become
little, small, few (in number or quantity),
trifling, insignificant, inconsiderable,
scant, scanty, sparse, spare, meager; to be
rare, scarce; to be of rare occurrence,
happen seldom; to decrease, diminish,
wane, grow less; to be or become less,
littler, smaller, fewer (in number or
quantity), more trifling, less significant,
less considerable, scanter, scantier, sparser
(‫ عن‬than); to be second, be inferior (‫ عن‬to
s.o.) -- (qall) to pick up, raise, lift (‫ ه‬،‫عن ھـ‬
s.o., s.th. from the ground); to carry (‫ھـ‬
s.th.) │ ‫( اال ما قل وندر‬illā, wa-nadara) but
for a few exceptions, with a few
exceptions only; ‫( قل صبره‬ṣabruhū) to be
impatient lose one’s patience II to make
little or leas, diminish, lessen, decrease,
reduce, do seldom or less frequently (.
or .,.. s.th.) IV = II; to do or give little (‫من‬
in or of); to pick up, raise, lift (‫ ه‬،‫عن ھـ‬
s.o., s.th. from the ground); to be able to
carry (‫ ه‬،‫ ھـ‬s.o., s.th.); to carry, transport,
convey (‫ ه‬s.o., ‫ ھـ‬s.th.) VI to think little (‫ھـ‬
of), scorn, disdain, despise (‫ ھـ‬s.th.) X to
find (‫ ھـ‬s.th.) little, small, inconsiderable,
insignificant, trifling; to esteem lightly,
undervalue, despise (‫ ه‬،‫ ھـ‬s.o., s.th.); to
make light (‫ ه‬،‫ ھـ‬of), set little store (‫ ه‬،‫ھـ‬
by), care little (‫ ه‬،‫ ھـ‬for); to pick up, raise,
lift (‫ ه‬،‫ ھـ‬s.o., s.th.); to carry, transport,
convey (‫ ه‬،‫ ھـ‬s.o., s.th.); to board (‫ ھـ‬s.th.,
e.g., a ship, a carriage, or the like); to rise;
to be independent; to possess alone (‫ب‬
s.th.) │ ‫( استقل بحمل‬bi-ḥimlin) to assume a
burden; ‫( استقل بصنعه‬bi-ṣan‘ihī) he alone
made it, he was the only one who made it;
٧٨٢ ‫( استقل بنفسه‬bi-nafsihī) to be entirely
self-reliant, be left to one’s own devices;
to be independent, manage without others,
get along by oneself; (‫بواجب( استقل بمھمة‬
(bi-muhimmatin, bi-wājibin) to assume a
task (or duty)
‫ قلما‬qallamā (conj.) seldom, rarely;
scarcely, barely, hardly
‫ قل‬qill, qull littleness, smallness,
fewness; insignificance,
inconsiderableness, triviality, paucity,
paltriness, scarceness, sparseness,
scantiness, insufficiency; a little, a small
number, a small quantity, a modicum; --
qill tremor
‫ قلة‬qalla recovery, recuperation;
restoration of prosperity
‫ قلة‬qulla highest point; top, summit;
apex; vertex; (cannon) ball; (pl. ‫ قلل‬qulal)
jug, pitcher
‫ قلة‬qilla pl. ‫ قلل‬qilal littleness, fewness;
smallness, inconsiderableness,
insignificance, triviality; paucity,
paltriness, scantiness, sparseness;
scarceness, rareness, rarity; minority; lack,
want, deficiency, insufficiency, scarcity │
‫ قلة اإلحساس‬q. al-iḥsās insensitivity,
obtuseness; ‫ قلة الحياء‬q. al-ḥayā’
shamelessness, impudence, insolence,
impertinence; ‫ قلة الصبر‬q. aṣ-ṣabr
impatience; ‫ قلة الوجود‬scantiness, scarcity;
rareness, rarity; ‫ جمع القلة‬jam‘ al-q. (gram.)
plural of paucity (for persons or things
whose number is between three and ten)
‫ بقليته‬bi-qillīyatihī completely, wholly,
entirely │ ‫( رحلوا بقليتھم‬raḥalū) they setout
all together or with bag and baggage
‫ قليل‬qalīl pl. ‫ اقالء‬aqillā’, ‫ قالئل‬qalā’il2,
‫ قالل‬qilāl little; few; insignificant,
inconsiderable, trifling; small (in number
or quantity), scant, scanty, spare, sparse,
meager, insufficient; scarce, rare; a small
number, a small quantity, a modicum, a
little (‫ من‬of); ‫ قليال‬qalīlan a little,
somewhat; seldom, rarely │ ‫ قليال ما‬seldom,
rarely; ‫ قليال قليال‬by and by, slowly,
gradually; ‫ الكل اال قليال‬al-kull illā q. almost
everything, nearly all; ‫ بعد قليل‬a little later,
some time later on, shortly afterward;
shortly, before long; ‫ عن قليل‬or ‫عما قليل‬
(‘ammā) soon, before long, shortly; ‫ليس منه‬
‫ ال بقليل وال بكثير‬to have absolutely nothing
to do with s.th.; ‫ قليل األدب‬q. al-adab
uncivil, impolite, rude, uncouth; ‫قليل الحياء‬
q. al-ḥayā’ shameless, brazen, impudent,
insolent, impertinent; ‫ قليل االرتفاع‬low; ‫قليل‬
‫ الصبر‬q. aṣ-ṣabr impatient; ‫قليل الوجود‬
scanty, scarce; rare
‫ اقل‬aqalla less; fewer; smaller; rarer;
‫ األقل‬the least, the minimum │ ‫ على األقل‬or
‫ باألقل‬at the very least; at least; ‫على اقل تقدير‬
(at the lowest estimate) = ‫على األقل؛ ال اقل من‬
‫( ان‬aqalla) the least one can do is to ...; I
(you, etc.) could at least ...; ‫اقل من القليل‬
quite insignificant, all but negligible; ‫واقل‬
‫ من ھذا وذاك ان‬let alone that …, not to
mention that …, to say nothing of ...
‫ اقلية‬aqallīya smaller number, numerical
inferiority; (pl. -āt) minority
‫ تقليل‬taqlīl decrease, diminution,
reduction
‫ اقالل‬iqlāl decrease, diminution,
reduction
‫ استقالل‬istiqlāl independence
‫ استقاللي‬istiqlālī of or pertaining to
independence, independence (used
attributively); proponent of independence
‫ مقل‬muqill propertyless, unpropertied,
without means, poor, destitute
‫ مستقل‬mustaqill independent;
autonomous; separate, distinct, particular
‫ قالووظ‬, ‫( قالووز‬Turk. kılavuz) qalāwūẓ ship’s
pilot; screw
‫ قالية‬qallāyz pl. -āt, ‫ قاللي‬qalālīy
(monastic) cell; residence of the Coptic
Patriarch (Chr.) 783
‫ قلب‬qalaba i (qalb) to turn around, turn about,
turn up(ward), upturn (‫ ھـ‬s.th.); to turn,
turn over (‫ ھـ‬s.th.); to turn face up or face
down (‫ ھـ‬s.th.); to turn inside out or
outside in (‫ ھـ‬s.th.); to turn upside down (
‫ ھـ‬s.th.); to tip, tilt over, topple over (‫ھـ‬
s.th.); to invert, reverse (‫ ھـ‬s.th.); to
overturn, upset, topple (‫ ھـ‬s.th.); to capsize
(‫ ھـ‬s.th.); to roll over (‫ ھـ‬s.th.); to subvert,
overthrow (‫ ھـ‬a government); to change,
alter, turn, transform, convert, transmute (
‫ ھـ‬s.th., ‫ ھـ ھـ‬s.th. to or into s.th.); to
transpose (‫ ھـ‬s.th.); to exchange
(‫ ھـ ھـ‬s.th. for s.th.) │ ‫( قلبه رأسا‬ra’san)
to turn s.th. upside down; ‫قلب له ظھر المجن‬
(ẓahra l-mijan) to show s.o. the back of
the shield, i.e., to give s.o. the cold
shoulder, become hostile to s.o. II to turn,
turn around, turn about, turn up(ward),
upturn, turn over (‫ ھـ‬s.th.); to turn face up
or face down (‫ ھـ‬s.th.); to turn inside out
or outside in (‫ ھـ‬s.th.); to turn upside down
(‫ ھـ‬s.th.); to tip, tilt over, topple over (‫ھـ‬
s.th.); to invert, reverse (‫ ھـ‬s.th.); to
overturn, upset, overthrow, topple (‫ھـ‬
s.th.); to capsize (‫ ھـ‬s.th.); to roll over (‫ھـ‬
s.th.); to turn, turn over (‫ ھـ‬pages); to
rummage, ransack, rake (‫ ھـ‬s.th.); to roll (
‫ ھـ‬s.th.); to stir (‫ ھـ‬s.th.); to examine, study,
scrutinize, investigate (‫ ه‬،‫ ھـ‬s.o., s.th.); to
change, alter, turn, transform, convert,
transmute (‫ ھـ‬s.th., ‫ ھـ ھـ‬s.th. to or into
s.th.) │ ‫( قلبه بين يديه‬yadaihi) to turn s.th.
around in one’s hands, fidget with s.th.;
‫( قلبه بعقله‬bi-’aqlihī) to turn s.th. over in
one’s mind, reflect on s.th., ponder s.th.,
brood over s.th.; ‫( قلبه ظھرا لبطن‬ẓahran li-
baṭnin) to turn s.th. completely upside
down, turn s.th. topsy-turvy, turn s.th.
over and over; ‫( قلب كفيه‬kaffaihi) to repent,
be grieved; to be embarrassed; ‫قلب فيه البصر‬
(baṣara) or ‫( قلب فيه النظر‬naẓara) to
scrutinize, eye, regard s.th. V to be turned
around, be turned over, be reversed, be
inverted; to be overturned, get knocked
over (e.g., a glass); to toss and turn, toss
about; to writhe, twist, squirm, wriggle; to
be changed, be altered, change; to
fluctuate (prices); to be changeable,
variable, inconstant, fickle (‫ في‬in s.th.); to
move (about), live, be at home (‫ في‬in); to
dispose (‫ في‬of), have at one’s disposal (‫في‬
s.th.) │ ‫( تقلب في وظائف عديدة‬waẓā’ifa
‘adīdatin) he held numerous offices; ‫تقلب‬
‫( )في النعمة )النعيم‬ni‘ma), ‫تقلب في اعطاف العيش‬
‫( الناعم‬a. il-‘aiš) to lead a life of ease and
comfort, live in prosperity; ‫تقلب على رمضاء‬
‫( البؤس‬ramḍā’ l-bu’s) to live in utmost
misery VII to be turned, be turned around,
be turned about, be turned up(ward), be
upturned, be turned over; to be reversed,
be inverted; to be turned inside out or
outside in; to be turned upside down, be
toppled, get knocked over; to be
overturned, be upset, be overthrown; to be
rolled, over; to overturn, somersault; to
capsize; to be changed, be altered, be
transformed, be converted, be transmuted;
to change, turn (‫ ھـ‬or ‫ الى‬into s.th.),
become (‫ ھـ‬or ‫ الى‬s.th.); to turn (‫على‬
against; ‫ الى‬to); to return; (with foil.
imperi.) to proceed suddenly to do s.th.,
shift, instantly to s.th., change over to s.th.
│ ‫( انقلب ظھرا لبطن‬ẓahra li-baṭnin) to be
turned topsy-turvy; to be completely
devastated; ‫ انقلب الى الھجوم‬to take the
offensive
‫ قلب‬qalb reversal, inversion; overturn,
upheaval; conversion, transformation,
transmutation; transposition (of letters),
metathesis (gram.); perversion, change,
alteration; overthrow (of a government)
‫ قلب‬qalb pl. ‫ قلوب‬qulūb heart; middle,
center; core, gist, essence; marrow,
medulla, pith; the best or choicest part;
mind, soul, spirit │ ‫ قلب األسد‬q. al-asad
Regulus (star α in the constellation Leo;
784 astron.); ‫ قلب الھجوم‬center forward
(soccer); ‫ سويداء القلوب‬suwaidā’ al-q. the
innermost of the heart, the bottom of the
heart; ‫ ضعيف القلب‬fainthearted,
pusillanimous, recreant, cowardly; ‫قاسي‬
‫ القلب‬qāsī l-q. hardhearted, callous, pitiless,
merciless, cruel; ‫ قساوة القلب‬qasāwat al-q.
hardheartedness, callousness, pitilessness,
cruelty; ‫ انقباض القلب‬dejectedness,
despondency, dispiritedness, depression;
‫( عن ظھر القلب‬ẓahri l-q.) by heart; ‫من صميم‬
‫ القلب‬from the bottom of the heart, most
sincerely; ‫ من كل قلبه‬with all his heart; ‫قلبا‬
‫ وقالبا‬qalban wa-qālaban with heart and
soul; inwardly and outwardly; ‫)قلوبات )السكر‬
qulūbāt (as-sukkar) small candies,
lozenges
‫ قلبي‬qalbī of or pertaining to the heart,
heart- (in compounds), cardiac, cardiacal;
cordial, hearty, warm, sincere; ‫قلبيا‬
qalbīyan cordially, heartily, warmly,
sincerely
 ‫ قلب‬qulb, qalb, qilb palm pith, palm
core (edible tuber growing at the upper
end of the palm trunk); qulb bracelet,
bangle
‫ قلبة‬qalba (eg.) lapel; (pl. -āt) a measure
of capacity (Tun.; = 20 l)
‫ قلب‬qullab tending to change; agile,
adaptable, resourceful; versatile, many-
sided, of varied skills or talents
‫ قالب‬qālab, qālib pl. ‫ قوالب‬qawālib2
form; mold; cake pan; model; matrix; last,
boot tree, shoe tree │ ‫ قالب جبن‬q. jubn a
chunk or loaf of cheese; ‫ قالب سكر‬q. sukar
sugar loaf; ‫ قالب صابون‬q. ṣābūn a cake or
bar of soap; ‫( قلبا وقالبا‬qalban) with heart
and soul; inwardly and outwardly
‫ قليب‬qalīb m. and f., pl. ‫ اقلبة‬aqliba, ‫قلب‬
qulub, ‫ قلبان‬qulbān well
‫ قلوب‬qalūb tending to change; agile,
adaptable, resourceful; versatile, many-
sided
‫ قالب‬qallāb changeable, variable,
unsteady, inconstant, fickle, wavering,
vacillating; reversible, tiltable; dumper;
tip wagon, skip │ ‫‘( عربة قالبة‬araba)
tipcart; ‫( قالب خالط‬kallāṭ) rotary mixer
‫ قالبة‬qallāba agitator, stirring machine
‫ مقلب‬maqlab pl. ‫ مقالب‬maqālib2 (eg.)
refuse dump, dump pile, dump; intrigue,
scheme. plot; April fool’s joke
‫ مقلب‬miqlab pl. ‫ مقالب‬maqālib2 hoe
‫ تقليب‬taqlīb: ‫‘ عند تقليب النظر‬inda t. in-
naẓar on closer inspection or examination,
when examined more closely
‫ تقلب‬taqallub pl. -āt alteration,
transformation, change; variation;
fluctuation (of prices); changeableness,
variableness, unsteadiness, inconstancy,
fickleness; pl. vicissitudes, ups and downs
│ ‫( تقلب جوي‬jawwī) change of weather;
‫ سريع التقلب‬very changeable, very fickle,
capricious
‫ انقالب‬inqilāb upheaval; revolution,
overthrow, bouleversement; alteration,
transformation, change; solstice │ ‫دائرة‬
‫ االنقالب‬tropic (geogr.)
‫ مقلوب‬maqlūb turned over, turned
upside down, turned about, inverted,
inverse, reverse(d), etc.; infolded (bem,
seam); reciprocal (math.) │ ‫ بالمقلوب‬topsy-
turvy; upside down; wrong side out; the
other way round, reversely, conversely,
vice versa
‫ متقلب‬mutaqallib, also ‫متقلب األطوار‬
‫ ))األحوال‬wavering, vacillating, changeable,
variable, inconstant, unsteady, fickle,
capricious
‫ منقلب‬munqalab (place of overthrow,
i.e.) the hereafter, the end one meets in
death, the way of all flesh, final destiny;
tropic │ ‫( منقلب‬šatawī) Tropic of
Capricorn; ‫( منقلب صيفي‬ṣaifī) Tropic of
Cancer 785
‫ قلبق‬qalbaq a tall, usually cylindrical, fur cap
1
‫ قلح‬qalaḥ yellowness of the teeth
‫ قالح‬qulāḥ yellowness of the teeth
2
‫قولحة‬qaulaḥa pl. ‫ قوالح‬qawāliḥ2 (eg.) cob (of
corn, and the like)
1
‫قلد‬II to adorn with a necklace (‫ ھا‬a woman);
to gird (‫ ه ھـ‬s.o. with); to invest (‫ ه ھـ‬s.o.
with an office), appoint (‫ ھـ ه‬s.o. to an
office), award (‫ ھـ ه‬to s.o. a decoration, an
order), confer (‫ ھـ ه‬upon s.o. a rank); to
grant (‫ ھـ ه‬to s.o. a favor); to entrust (‫ھـ ه‬
s.o. with the rule or government of s.th.),
give (‫ ه‬s.o.) authority or power (‫ ھـ‬over
s.th.); to follow blindly another’s (‫)ه‬
opinion; to copy, ape, imitate (‫ ه‬s.o.); to
forge, counterfeit (‫ ھـ‬s.th.) V to put on or
wear a necklace, adorn o.s. with a
necklace; to gird o.s. (‫ ھـ‬with), put on (‫ھـ‬
s.th.); to take upon o.s., assume (‫ ھـ‬s.th.);
to take over (‫ ھـ‬s.th., esp. power, control,
government)
‫ قالدة‬qilāda pl. ‫ قالئد‬qalā’id2 necklace;
pl. ‫ قالئد‬exquisite poems
‫ مقلد‬miqlad pl. ‫ مقالد‬maqālid2 key
‫ مقالد‬miqlād pl. ‫ مقاليد‬maqālīd2 key │
‫ مقاليد األمور‬key positions, power; ‫مقاليد الحكم‬
m. al-ḥukm the reins of government or
power; ‫( تسلم مقاليد الحكم‬tasallama) to take
over (the reins of) government, seize
power; ‫( القى اليه مقاليد األمور‬alqā) to entrust
s.o. with the management, put s.o. in
charge
 ‫ تقليد‬taqlīd pl. ‫ تقاليد‬taqālīd2 imitation;
copying; blind, unquestioning adoption
(of concepts or ideas); uncritical faith
(e.g., in a source’s authoritativeness);
adoption of the legal decision of a
madhab (lsl. Law); pl. tradition;
convention, custom, usage
‫ تقليدي‬taqlīdī traditional, customary,
conventional; based on uncritical faith
(e.g., in a source’s authoritativeness)
‫ مقلد‬muqalld imitated, imitation,
forged, counterfeit(ed), fake, sham,
spurious, false; tradition-bound
2
‫ اقليد‬iqlīd pl. ‫ اقاليد‬aqālīd2 key
‫ بحر القلزم‬baḥr al-qulzum the Red Sea
1
‫ قلس‬qalasa i (qals) to belch, burp, eruct II to
bow (‫ ل‬to s.o.); (eg.) to make fun (‫ على‬of),
poke fun (‫ على‬at), ridicule (‫ على‬s.o., s.th.)
2
‫قلس‬II to put a cap (‫ قنلسوة‬qalansuwa, q.v., ‫ ه‬on
s.o.’s head)
3
‫ قلس‬qals pl. ‫ قلوس‬qulūs hawser, cable, rope
1
‫ قلش‬II to molt
‫ تقليش‬taqlīš molting, molt
2
‫( قالوش‬Fr. galoche) galōš pl. -āt galosh,
overshoe
2
‫ قلشين‬qalšīn pl. ‫ قالشين‬qalāšīn puttee
‫ قلص‬qalaṣa i (‫ قلص‬qulūṣ) to contract; to shrink
(laundered garment); to decrease,
diminish; to dwindle, fade, wane, decline;
to become shorter, recede (shadow) │ ‫قلص‬
‫( ظله‬ẓilluhū) his prestige declined; it
decreased, dwindled, faded II to contract,
draw together (‫ ھـ‬s.th.); to tuck up, roll up
(‫ ھـ‬s.th.) V = I; ‫تقلص ظله = قلص ظله‬
‫ اقلص‬aqlaṣa2 shorter
‫ تقلص‬taqallaṣa contraction, shrinking,
shrinkage
‫ قليط‬qillīṭ scrotal hernia
‫ قليط‬qllīṭ afflicted with scrotal hernia
‫ قلع‬qala‘a a (qal‘) to pluck out, tear out,
pull out, weed out, uproot (‫ ھـ‬s.th.); to root
out, exterminate, extirpate (‫ ھـ‬s.th.); to
take off (‫ ھـ‬clothes) │ ‫ قلعه مه جذوره‬to pull
out s.th. with the root, II to pluck out, tear
out, pull out, weed out, uproot (. s.th.); to
root out, exterminate, 786 extirpate (
‫ھـ‬s.th.) IV to set sail, prepare to sail, get
under sail; to sail, put to sea, depart (ship);
to take off (airplane); to desist, abstain,
refrain (‫ عن‬from); leave off, abandon, give
up, renounce, relinquish (‫ عن‬s.th.) VIII to
pluck out, tear out, pull out, weed out,
uproot (‫ عن‬s.th.); to root out, exterminate,
extirpate (‫ ھـ‬s.th.)
‫ قلع‬qil’ pl. ‫ قلوع‬qul’, ‫ قالع‬qilā’ sail (of a
ship)
‫ قلعة‬qal’a pl. ‫ قالع‬qilā’, ‫ قلوع‬qulū’
fortress, stronghold, fort; citadel
‫ قالع‬qulā’ thrush, canker of the mouth,
ulcerative stomatitis, stomacace (med.)
‫ قالعي‬qulā’ī: ‫( الحمى القالعية‬ḥummā)
footand-and-mouth disease
‫ مقلع‬maqla’ pl. ‫ مقالع‬maqāli’2 stone
quarry
‫ مقالع‬miqlā’2 pl. ‫ مقاليع‬maqālī’2
slingshot, sling; catapult
‫ اقالع‬iqlā’ sailing, departure (of a ship);
take-off (of an airplane)
‫ قلعط‬qal’aṭa to soil, sully, smirch (‫ ھـ‬s.th.)
‫ قلعوط‬qul’ūṭ a heretic
1
‫ قلف‬qalafa i (qalf) to hark (‫ ھـ‬a tree), strip the
bark (‫ ھـ‬from a tree); -- u (qalf); ‫قلف قلفته‬
(qulfatahū) to circumcise s.o.
‫ قلف‬qilf bark, rind (of a tree)
‫ قلفة‬qulfa pl. ‫ قلف‬qulaf foreskin, prepuce
‫ قالفة‬qulāfa bark, rind (of a tree)
‫ قلف‬aqlaf2 uncircumcised
2
‫ قلف‬II to calk (‫ ھـ‬a ship)
‫ قالفة‬qilāfa calking
3
‫ قلفة‬qalfa pl. -āt (tun.) foreman; workman,
manual laborer
‫ قلفط‬qalfaṭa to calk (‫ ھـ‬a ship); (eg.) to do
sloppy work, scamp, bungle
‫ قلفون‬qalafūn and ‫ قلفونية‬qalafūnīya rosin,
colophony
‫ قلق‬qaliqa a (qalaq) to totter, be unsteady; to
be or become uneasy, disquieted,
apprehensive, anxious, excited, agitated,
upset, perturbed, troubled, disturbed; to be
restless, be sleepless, pass, a sleepless
 night, find no sleep IV to trouble, worry,
alarm, disturb, upset, disconcert, disquiet,
discompose, discomfit, discomfort, make
uneasy or anxious (‫ ه‬،‫ ھـ‬s.o., s.th.); to
make restless, fill with uneasiness or
anxiety, perturb, agitate, excite (‫ ه‬s.o.); to
rob s.o. (‫ )ه‬of his rest
‫ قلق‬qalaq unrest, uneasiness, disquiet,
alarm; agitation, excitement, perturbation;
stir, sensation; anxiety, apprehensiveness,
apprehension, fear, worry, concern;
restlessness; sleeplessness; impatience
‫ قلق‬qaliq uneasy, disquieted;
apprehensive, worried, concerned,
anxious; agitated, excited, perturbed,
upset; disturbed, troubled; restless;
sleepless; impatient
‫ قلوق‬qalūq (eg.) restless
‫ اقالق‬iqlāq disquieting, troubling,
perturbation; disturbance
‫ مقلق‬muqliq intrigant, schemer,
troublemaker
‫ قلقاس‬qulqās (coll.; n. un. ‫ )ة‬pl. -āt a variety of
taro or elephant’s ear (Colocasia
antiquorum; bot.)
‫ قلقل‬qalqala to move, commove, shake,
convulse, unsettle (‫ ه‬،‫ ھـ‬s.o., s.th.); to
disturb, trouble, harass (‫ ه‬،‫ ھـ‬s.o.; s.th.); to
disquiet, alarm, excite, agitate (‫ ه‬،‫ ھـ‬s.o.,
s.th.); to stir up, incite to rebellion (‫ ه‬s.o.);
to pronounce accurately (the ‫ )ق‬II
taqalqala to be or get in state of
commotion, be shaken, be convulsed, be
unsettled, be disturbed, be troubled, 787
be disquieted, be alarmed, be excited, be
agitated; to be stirred up, be incited to
rebellion, be incensed, be rebellious; to
move, budge (‫ من‬from one’s place), stir; to
be shaky, precarious, insecure (situation)
‫ قلقلة‬qalqala pl. ‫ قالقل‬qalāqil2 unrest,
excitement, agitation, commotion; shock,
convulsion, concussion; disturbance
‫( قلقيلة‬eg.) qulqēla pl. -āt clod, lump of
earth
‫ مقلقل‬muqalqal in a state of commotion,
agitated, shaken, unsettled, etc.; unstable,
inconstant, unsteady
1 (‫ قلو‬and ‫ قلي( قال‬qalā ū (qalw) and ‫قلى‬
‫ قلم‬qalama i (qalm) to cut, clip, pure (‫ ھـ‬nails,
etc.), prune, trim, lop (‫ ھـ‬trees, etc.) II do.
│ ‫( قلم اظفار خصمه‬aẓāfira kaṣmihī) to
neutralize, disarm one’s opponent
‫ قلم‬qalam pl. ‫ اقالم‬aqlām reed pen; pen;
writing, script, calligraphic style, ductus;
handwriting; style; office, bureau, agency,
department; window, counter; item, entry
(com.); (eg.) stripe, streak, line; (eg.)
slapin the face │ ‫ بقلمه‬bi-qalamihī written
by him; ‫ قلم الحبر‬q. al-ḥibr fountain pen; ‫قلم‬
‫( حبر جاف‬jāff) and ‫ قلم حبر ناشف‬ball-point
pen; ‫ قلم التحرير‬editor’s office, editing
room; ‫ قلم الحركة‬q. al-ḥaraka traffic bureau;
‫ قلم الحسابات‬q. al-ḥisābāt accounting
department; ‫ قلم اإلدارة‬q. al-idāra
administration office, head office; ‫قلم‬
‫ الرصاص‬q. ar-raṣāṣ pencil; ‫ قلم السياحة‬travel
agency; ‫ قلم االستعماالت‬information bureau;
‫ قلم المطبوعات‬press and information office;
‫ قلم القيودات‬bureau of vital statistics, (G.B.)
(general) register office; ‫ قلم الكتاب‬q. al-
kuttāb clerical office; O ‫ قلم الكوبية‬q. al-
kūbīya indelible pencil, copying pencil; ‫قلم‬
‫( المرور‬Eg.) Traffic Control Board
‫ قالمة‬qulāma pl. -āt clippings, cuttings,
parings, shavings; nail cuttings
‫ مقلمة‬miqlama pl. -āt pen case
‫ تقليم‬taqlīm clipping, trimming, paring;
pruning, lopping (of trees) │ ‫تقليم األظافر‬
manicure
‫ مقلم‬muqallam clipped, trimmed,
pruned; (eg.) striped, streaked │ ‫مقلم الظفر‬
m. aẓ-ẓufr powerless, helpless, weak
2
‫ اقلم‬aqlama to acclimate, acclimatize, adapt,
adjust II ta’aqlama to acclimatize (o.s. )
‫ اقليم‬iqlīm pl. ‫ اقاليم‬aqālīm2 area, region;
province; administrative district (Eg. =
‫ مديرية ؛ األقاليم‬the country, countryside,
provinces (as opposed to the city)
‫ اقليمي‬iqlīmī climatic; regional, local;
territorial │ ‫( المياه اإلقليمية‬miyāh) territorial
waters, coastal waters
‫ قلندار‬qalandār wandering dervish, calendar
‫ قلنس‬II taqalnasa to wear a cap
‫ قلنسوة‬qalansuwa and ‫ قلنسية‬qulansiya pl.
‫ قالنيس‬qalānīs2 tall headgear, tiara, cidaris;
hood, cowl, capuche; cap
qalā i (qaly) to fry, bake, roast (‫ ھـ‬s.th.); --
 ‫ قال‬qalā u (‫ قال‬qilan, ‫ قالء‬qalā’), ‫ قلى‬qalā i
and ‫ قلي‬qaliya a (‫ قلى‬qilan, ‫ قالء‬qalā’, ‫مقلية‬
maqliya) to hate, loathe, detest (‫ ه‬s.o.)
‫ قلو‬qilw, ‫ قلى‬qilan, qily alkali, base, lye
(chem.)
‫ قلوي‬qilwī alkaline, basic; ‫ القلويات‬al-
qilwīyāt the bases (chem.)
‫ قالية‬qallāya frying vessel, cooking
vessel; see also below
‫ مقلى‬miqlan and ‫ مقالة‬miqlāh pl. ‫مقال‬
maqalin frying pan
‫ تقلية‬taqliya (eg.) sauce made of garlic,
coriander and melted butter and served as 1
‫ قمر‬qamara i (qamr) to gamble; -- i u to defeat
a condiment
‫ قلوز‬qalwaza to wind (the turban)
‫ قالووز‬see under ٧٨٨ ‫قلوظ‬
‫ قلوظ‬qalwaza to join with screws, screw
together
‫( قالووظ‬also ‫ )قالووز‬qalāwūẓ ship’s pilot;
screw
1
‫ قالية‬qallāya (monk’s) cell; residence of the
Coptic Patriarch
2
‫قلية‬qillīya (monk’s) cell
‫ قم‬qamma u (qamm) to sweep (‫ ھـ‬s.th.)
‫ قمة‬qimma pl. ‫ قمم‬qimam top, summit,
peak, acme, apex │ ‫ قمة الرأس‬q. ar-ra’s
crown of the head; O ‫ قمة الموجه‬q. al-mauja
wave peak (el.); ‫( ھو حسن القمة‬ḥasan al-q.)
he is well-built; ‫من قمة الرأس الى اخمص القدم‬
(akmaṣi l-qadam) or ‫من القمة الى األخمص‬
from head to toe
‫ قمامة‬qumāma sweepings, rubbish,
refuse, garbage │ ‫ صندوق القمامة‬ṣundūq al-
q. garbage bin
2
‫ قمائم‬qamā’im sweepings, rubbish
‫ مقمة‬miqamma pl. ‫ مقام‬maqamm2 broom
‫ قمؤ‬qamu’a u (‫ قماءة‬qamā’a) to be little, lowly,
despised, despicable; to feel inferior, feel
worthless
‫ قميء‬qamī’ lowly, little, small;
insignificant, of little value
‫ قماءة‬qamā’a lowliness, littleness,
smallness; insignificance, puniness,
inferiority, despicability
‫ قمح‬II to give a portion only, pay an
installment (‫ ه‬to s.o.) IV to put forth ears,
ear, ripen (grain) │ ‫( اقمح بانفه‬bi-anfih`i) to
be proud, bear one’s head high
‫ قمح‬qamḥ wheat
‫ قمحي‬qamḥī wheat-colored, wheaten
‫ قمحة‬qamḥa pl. -āt wheat kernel; grain
(in Eg. = .04875 g = ¼ ‫)قيراط‬
‫ شھرا قماح‬šahrā qumāḥ (qimāḥ) the two
coldest months of winter
‫ قماح‬qammāḥ grain merchant, corn
chandler
in gambling (‫ ه‬s.o.); passs. Qumira to lose
in gambling; -- qamira a (qamr) to be or
become snow-blind II to toast (‫ ھـ‬bread)
III to gamble (‫ ه‬with s.o.); to .take, risk,
hazard (‫ ب‬s.th.); to bet, speculate (‫ على‬on)
│ ‫( قامر على الجواد الخاسر‬jawād) to bet on the
wrong horse IV to be moonlit (night) VI
to gamble with one another
‫ قمر‬qamar snow blindness; -- (pl. ‫اقمار‬
aqmār) moon; satellite (astron.); ‫ القمران‬al-
qamarān sun and moon ‫ قمر الدين‬q. ad-dīn
a kind of jelly made from apricots finely
ground and dried in the sun; ‫قمر كاذب‬
paraselene, mock moon (astron.); ‫حجر القمر‬
ḥajar al-q. selenite (min.)
‫ قمرة‬qamara (n. un.) pl. -āt crescent (as
an emblem on a uniform); (eg.)
moonlight; (eg.) skylight; see also below
‫ قمري‬qamarī of or pertaining to the
moon, moon-shaped, moonlike, lunar │
‫( األشھر القمرية‬ašhur) the lunar months;
‫ الحروف القمرية‬the moon letters (gram.)
‫ قمري‬qumrī (coll.; n. un. ‫ )ة‬pl. ‫قماري‬
qamārīy a variety of turtledove
‫ ليلة قمرة‬laila qamira moonlit night
‫ قمرية‬qamarīya pl. -āt (eg.) skylight,
small window
‫ قمراء‬qamrā’2 moonlight
‫ قمير‬qamīr pl. ‫ اقمار‬aqmār fellow
gambler, gambling partner, gambler
‫ اقمر‬aqmar2, ‫ قمراء‬qamrā’2 moonlit
(night); moon-white, bright, whitish
 ‫ مقمر‬maqmar and ‫ مقمرة‬maqmara pl.
‫ مقامر‬maqāmir2 gambling house, gambling
hell
‫ قمار‬qimār gambling; bet, wager │ ‫آلة‬
‫ لعب القمار‬ālat la’b al-q. lot machine
‫ مقامرة‬muqāmara gambling 789
‫ مقمر‬muqammir, ‫( مقمر كھربائي‬kahrabā’ī)
toaster
‫ مقمر‬muqammar (eg.) toast, toasted
bread
‫ مقامر‬muqāamir gambler
‫ مقمر‬muqmir moonlit (night)
2
‫( قمرة‬It. camera) qamara, qamra pl. –
āt berth, bunk, cabin, stateroom
‫ قمرق‬qumrug pl. ‫ قمارق‬qamāriq2
customs (tun.)
‫ قمز‬qamaza u i (qamz) to take with the
fingertips (‫ ھـ‬s.th.)
‫ قمس‬qamasa u i (qams) to dip, immerse, soak,
steep (‫ في ه‬s.th. in)
‫ قاموس‬qāmūs pl. ‫ قواميس‬qawāmīs2 ocean;
dictionary, lexicon
‫ قومس‬qaumas pl. ‫ قوامس‬qawāmis2 depths
of the sea; pl. mishaps, misfortunes,
adversities
1
‫ قمش‬qamaša u i (qamš) to pick up, gather up,
collect (‫ ھـ‬rubbish) II do.
‫ قماش‬qumāš rubbish, garbage, refuse,
offal, trash, junk; (pl. ‫ اقمشة‬aqmiša) fabric,
material, cloth │ ‫ قماش البيت‬q. al-bait
household effects, furniture; ‫ قماش الناس‬the
scum of the earth, riff-raff
‫ قماش‬qammāš draper, cloth merchant
2
‫ قمشة‬qamša (eg.) strap, thong; leather whip,
cowhide
2
‫ قمص‬qamaṣa u i (qamṣ, ‫ قماص‬qumāṣ, qimāṣ)
to gallop; to spring, jump, leap, bound; to
kick II do.
‫ قمص‬qamṣ gallop
2
‫ قمص‬II to clothe with a shirt (‫ ه‬s.o.) V to put
on or wear a shirt; to be clothed, be vested
(‫ ھـ‬with), dress, attire o.s., wrap o.s. (‫ ھـ‬in),
cloak o.s. (‫ ھـ‬in the mantle of; fig.); to
transmigrate, pass into another body
(spirit), materialize (‫ ھـ‬in another body)
‫ قميص‬qamīṣ pl. ‫ قمص‬qumuṣ, ‫اقمصة‬
aqmiṣa, ‫ قمصان‬qumṣān shirt; dress, gown;
covering, cover, case, wrap, envelope,
jacket; (Chr.) alb, surplice, rochet;
incarnation │ ‫( قميص افرنجي‬ifranjī) day
shirt, upper shirt; ‫ قميص النوم‬q. an-naum
night-gown
‫ تقميص‬taqmīṣ and ‫ تقمص‬taqammuṣ
transmigration of souls, metempsychosis
3
‫ قمص‬qummuṣ pl. ‫ قمامصة‬qamāmiṣa archpriest,
hegumen (Copt.-Chr.)
‫ قمط‬qamaṭa u i (qamṭ) to swaddle (‫ ه‬a baby); to
fetter, shackle (‫ ه‬s.o.); to dress, bandage (
‫ ھـ‬a wound) II do.
‫ قمط‬qimṭ pl. ‫ اقماط‬aqmāṭ rope, fetter
‫ قمطة‬qamṭa a kind of kerchief (eg.)
‫ قماط‬qimāṭ pl. -āt, ‫ قمط‬qumuṭ, ‫اقمطة‬
aqmiṭa swaddle, diaper
‫ قمطر‬qamaṭr, qimṭar pl. ‫ قماطر‬qamāṭir2
receptacle for storing books; satchel
‫ قمع‬qama’a a (qam’) to tame, curb, bridle,
restrain, check, suppress, repress, subdue (
‫ ه‬،‫ ھـ‬s.o., s.th.); to hinder, prevent (‫ عن ه‬s.o.
from) II (eg.) to cut off the upper end (‫ھـ‬
of an okra) IV = I
‫ قمع‬qam’ repression, suppression,
curbing, prevention; taming, subdual,
quelling, subjection
‫ قمع‬qam’, qim’, qima’ pl. ‫ اقماع‬aqmā’
funnel; -- (pl. ‫ قموع‬qumū’) stem (of a
fruit); pericarp │ ‫ قمع الخياط‬q. al-kayyāt
thimble; ‫ قمع السيكارة‬cigar butt
‫ قمقم‬qamqama and II ‫ تقمقم‬taqamqama to
complain, grumble, mutter
‫ قمقم‬qumqum and ‫ قمقمة‬qumquma pl. ‫قماقم‬
qamāqim2 a bulgy, long-necked bottle 790
‫ قمل‬qamila a (qamal) to be lice-infested, teem
with lice V do.
‫ قمل‬qaml (coll.; n. un. ‫ )ة‬louse
‫ قمل‬qamil lousy, lice-infested
‫ مقمل‬muqammal lice-infested
1
‫ قمن‬V to intend, purpose, propose (‫ ھـ‬to do
s.th.)
‫ قمن‬gamin worthy, deserving (‫ ب‬of
s.th.)
 ‫ قمين‬qamīn worthy (‫ ب‬of), adequate (‫ب‬
to), in keeping with (‫ ;)ب‬fit(ting),
appropriate, suitable (‫ ب‬for), capable (‫ب‬
of)
‫ مقمن‬maqman adequate (‫ ل‬to),
appropriate, suited, suitable, fit (‫ ل‬for)
2
‫ قمين‬qamīn and ‫ قمينة‬qamīna pl. -āt kiln,
furnace
1 ‫ قنال‬qanāl canal │ ‫ قنال السويس‬the Suez Canal
‫ قن‬qunn pl. ‫ قنان‬qinān chicken coop, chicken
house
‫ قن‬qinn pl. ‫ اقنان‬aqnān, ‫ اقنة‬aqinna slave,
serf
‫ قنة‬qinna galbanum (bot.)
‫ قنة‬qunna pl. -āt, ‫ قنن‬qunan, ‫ قنان‬qinān,
‫ قنون‬qunūn mountaintop, summit, peak
‫ قنونة‬qunāna slavery, serfdom
‫ قنينة‬qinnīna pl. ‫ قنان‬qanānin bottle,
glass bottle; flask, flacon, vial
2 lark (zool.)
‫ قن‬II to make laws, legislate; to determine, fix
(‫ ھـ‬s.th.)
‫ قانون‬qānūn pl. ‫ قوانين‬qawānīn2 canon;
established principle, basic rule, axiom,
norm, regulation, rule, ordinance,
prescript, precept, statute; law; code; tax,
impost; (Tun.) tax on olives and dates; a
stringed musical instrument resembling
the zither, with a shallow, trapezoidal
sound box, set horizontally before the
performer │ ‫( القانون األساسي‬asāsī) basic
constitutional law; statutes; ‫قانون التأسيس‬
statutes, constitution; ‫( القانون الجنائي‬jinā’ī)
criminal law, penal law; ‫قانون األحوال‬
‫( الشخصية‬šakṣīya) personal statute; ‫القانون‬
‫( الدستوري‬dustūrī) constitutional law; ‫القانون‬
‫( الدولي‬duwalī) international law; ‫قانون‬
‫ المرافعات‬q. al-murāfa’āt code of procedure
(jur.; Eg.); ‫ قانون اصول المحاكمات الحقوقية‬do.
(syr.); ‫ قانون السلك اإلداري‬q. as-silk al-idārī
administrative law; ‫( قانون كيماوي‬kīmāwī)
chemical formula; ‫( القانون المدني‬madanī)
civil law
‫ قانوني‬qānūnī canonical; legal, statutory;
lawful, legitimate, licit, accordant with
law or regulations, valid, regular; legist,
jurisprudent, jurist │ ‫( صيدلي قانوني‬ṣaidalī)
certified and licensed pharmacist; ‫غير‬
‫ قانوني‬illegal
‫ قانونية‬qānūnīya legality, lawfulness
‫ تقنين‬taqnīn legislation, lawmaking;
codification (jur.); regulation by law;
rationing
‫ مقنن‬muqannin legislative, lawmaking;
lawgiver, lawmaker, legislator
‫ مقنن‬muqannan determined, fixed
‫ قانئ‬qāni’ blood-red, deep-red
‫ قنب‬qanb pl. ‫ قنوب‬qunūb calyx
‫ قنب‬qunnab, qinnab hemp (Cannabis
indica; bot.) │ ‫ خيط القنب‬kaiṭ al-q. hemp
rope, string, cord, twine, packthread
‫ قنبي‬qinnabī hempen, hemp (adj.)
‫ مقنب‬miqnab pl. ‫ مقانب‬maqānib2 troop of
horsemen
1
‫ قنبار‬qunbār (ir.) bast rug, bast runner
2
‫ قنبر‬qunbur (coll.; n. un. ‫ )ة‬pl. ‫ قنابر‬qanābir2
3
‫ قنبرة‬qunbura pl. ‫ قنابر‬qanābir2 bomb
4
‫ قنبور‬qunbūr hump, hunch │ ‫ ابو قنبور‬abū
qunbūr hunchback 791
‫ قنباز‬qunbāz pl. ‫ قنابيز‬qanābīz2 (syr.) a long,
sleeved garment worn by men, open in
front and fastened with a belt
1
‫ قنبل‬qanbal and ‫ قنبلة‬qanbala pl. ‫ قنابل‬qanābil2
troop of horsemen; troop, group, band
2
‫ قنبل‬qanbala to bomb (‫ ھـ‬s.th.)
‫ قنبلة‬qunbula pl. ‫ قنابل‬qanābil2 bomb,
bomb shell; grenade, shell │ ‫قنبلة حارقة‬
incendiary bomb; ‫( قنبلة ذرية‬darrīya)
atomic bomb, A bomb; ‫( قنبلة غازية‬gāzīya)
gas bomb, gas shell; ‫( قنبلة مائية‬mā’īya)
depth charge; ‫( قنبلة محرقة‬muḥriqa)
incendiary bomb; ‫( قنبلة منفجرة‬munfajira)
high-explosive bomb; ‫قنبلة ھيدروجينية‬
(haidrōjīnīya) hydrogen bomb, H bomb;
‫ قنبلة اليد‬q. al-yad or ‫( قنبلة يدوية‬yadawīya)
hand grenade
‫ طائرة مقنبلة‬ṭā’ira muqanbila bomber;
‫ مقنبالت‬bombers
‫ قنبيط‬qunnabīṭ cauliflower
‫ قنت‬qanata u (‫ قنوت‬qunūt) to be obedient,
submissive, humble
‫ قنوت‬qunūt obedience to God, humility
before God, devoutness, piety
‫ قنجة‬qanja pl. -āt, ‫ قناج‬qināj Nile boat
‫ قند‬qand pl. ‫ قنود‬qunūd hard crystalline mass
formed by evaporating or boiling cane
sugar, candy
‫ مقنود‬maqnūd and ‫ مقند‬muqannad
sweetened with qand
‫ قندز‬qunduz and ‫ قندس‬qundus beaver
2 despondent, disheartened, discouraged
‫ قندق‬qandaq pl. ‫ قنادق‬qanādiq gunstock, rifle
butt
1
‫ قندلفت‬qandalaft pl. -īya sexton, sacristan (Chr.)
‫ قندول‬qandūl aspalatus (bot.)
‫ قنديل‬qindīl pl. ‫ قناديل‬qanādīl2 lamp; candlestick;
candelabrum
‫ قنزعة‬qunza’a, qanza’a, qinzi’a pl. ‫قنازع‬
qanāzi’2 tuft of hair; cock’s comb, crest of
a rooster
‫ قنص‬qanaṣa i (qanṣ) and VIII to hunt, shoot,
bag (‫ ھـ‬s.th.); to hunt up (‫ ھـ‬s.th.), get hold
(‫ ھـ‬of s.th.); to make use, take advantage,
avail o.s. (‫ الظروف‬of the circumstances,
‫ الفرصة‬al-furṣa of the opportunity, and the
like)
‫ قنص‬qanṣ hunting, shooting, hunt
‫ قنص‬qanaṣ quarry, bag, game
‫ قنيص‬qanīṣ game, quarry, bag, catch;
hunter
‫ قناص‬qannāṣ pl. ‫ قناصة‬qanāṣa hunter
‫ قانص‬qāniṣ pl. ‫ قناص‬qunnāṣ hunter
2
‫ قانصة‬qāniṣa pl. ‫ قوانص‬qawāniṣ gizzard
O ‫ قانصة‬qāniṣa pl. -āt tank destroyer
(Syr.; mil.)
‫ مقنوص‬maqnūṣ quarry, bag, catch
‫ قنصل‬qunṣul pl. ‫ قناصل‬qanāṣil2 consul │ ‫نائب‬
‫ القنصل‬and ‫ وكيل القنصل‬vice-consul; ‫قنصل عام‬
(‘āmm) consul general
‫ قنصلي‬qunṣulī consular
‫ قنصلية‬qunṣulīya pl. -āt consulate │
‫‘( قنصلية عامة‬āmma) consulate general
‫ قنصالتو‬qunṣulātō consulate
‫ قنط‬qaniṭa a (qanaṭ), qanaṭa u i (‫ قنوط‬qunūṭ)
and qanuṭa u (‫ قناطة‬qanāṭa) to despair,
despond, become disheartened, be without
hope, lose all courage II to drive to
despair, dishearten, discourage (‫ ه‬s.o.) IV
do.
‫ قنط‬qanaṯ and ‫ قنوط‬qunūṭ despair,
despondency, desperateness, hopelessness
‫ قنط‬qaniṭ and ‫ قنوط‬qanūṭ despairing,
desperate, disheartened, discouraged
‫ قانط‬qāniṭ despairing, desperate,
792
‫ قنطر‬qantara to arch, span, vault (‫ ھـ‬s.th.)
‫ قنطرة‬qantara pl. ‫ قناطر‬qanāṭir2 arched
bridge, stone bridge; vault, arch; archway,
arcade; arches, viaduct, aqueduct (esp.
pl.); dam, weir │ ‫ قنطرة موازنة‬regulator,
regulating device (at a canal, esp. in the
Egyptian irrigation system); ‫القناطر الخيرية‬
(kairīya) the Barrages, at the entrance of
the Nile delta, about 15 miles north of
Cairo
‫ مقنطر‬muqanṭar vaulted, arched,
arcaded
‫ قنطر‬qanṭara to possess tremendous riches
‫ قنطار‬qinṭār pl. ‫ قناطير‬qanāṭīr2 kantar, a
varying weight of 100 ‫ رطل‬raṭl (in Eg. =
44.93 kg, in Tunisia = 53.9 kg, in Syria =
256.4 kg) │ ‫( قناطير مقنطرة‬muqanṭara)
accumulated riches; tremendous sums
‫ قنطاريون‬qinṭārīyūn centaury (Erythrea
centauricum; bot.)
‫ قنطرمة‬qanṭarma pl. -āt snaffle, bridoon
‫ قنع‬qani’a a (qana’, ‫ قنعان‬qun’ān, ‫ قناعة‬qanā’a)
to content o.s., be content, be satisfied (‫ب‬
with); to be convinced II to mask (‫ ھـ‬the
face); to veil (‫ ھـ‬the face, to a woman); to
satisfy, content (‫ ه‬s.o.), give satisfaction (‫ه‬
to); to convince (‫ ب ه‬s.o. of); to persuade (
‫ ه‬s.o.) IV to content, satisfy (‫ ه‬s.o.), give
satisfaction (‫ ه‬to); to convince (‫ ه‬s.o.); to
induce, persuade (‫ ب ه‬s.o. to do s.th.),
prevail (‫ ب ه‬upon s.o. to do s.th.) V to
mask or conceal one’s face; to veil one’s
face, be veiled, wear a veil VIII to content
o.s., be content (‫ ب‬with); to be convinced (
‫ ب‬of)
‫ قنع‬qin‘ pl. ‫ اقناع‬aqnā‘ arms, weapons,
armor
 ‫ قنع‬qana‘ contentment, content,
contentedness; frugality, moderation,
temperance, abstemiousness
‫ قناعة‬qanā‘a satisfaction; contentment,
content, contentedness; frugality,
temperance, moderation
‫ قنع‬qani‘ satisfied, content, contented;
temperate, moderate, abstemious
‫ قناع‬qinā‘ pl. ‫ قنع‬qunu‘ arms, weapons,
armor; -- (pl. ‫ اقنعة‬aqni‘a, also ‫قناعات‬
qinā‘āt) veil, head veil; mask; pericardium
│ ‫( قناع واق‬wāqin) gas mask
‫ قنوع‬qanū‘ pl. ‫ قنع‬qunu‘ satisfied,
content (‫ ب‬with); frugal, modest,
temperate
‫ مقنع‬maqna‘ sufficiency │ ‫في ذلك مقنع له‬
that is enough for him, he may content
himself with that
‫ اقناع‬iqnā‘ satisfying, satisfaction,
contenting (of s.o.); persuasion;
convincing, convincement, conviction
‫ تقنع‬taqannu‘ mummery, masquerade
‫ اقتناع‬iqtinā‘ satisfaction, contentment,
content, contentedness; conviction (=
convincedness)
‫ قانع‬qāni‘ satisfied, content (‫ ب‬with)
‫ مقنع‬muqanna‘ veiled; masked
‫ مقتنع‬muqtani‘ satisfied, content (‫ب‬
with); convinced
‫ قنفذ‬qunfud pl. ‫ قنافذ‬qanāfid2 hedgehog │ ‫قنفذ‬
‫ البحر‬q. al-baḥr or ‫( قنفذ بحري‬baḥrī) sea
‫ قھر‬qahara a (qahr) to subject, subjugate,
urchin (Echinus; zool.); porcupine fish
(Diodon; zool.)
‫ قنقر‬qanqar kangaroo
‫ قنال‬look up alphabetically
1
‫ قنم‬qanima a (qanam) to be or become rancid,
rank
‫ قنومة‬qannūma sacred fish (Mormyrus
oxyrhynchus)
2
‫ اقنوم‬uqnūm pl. ‫ اقانيم‬aqānīm2 hypostasis,
person of the Trinity (Chr.); basic
element, substance, subsistent principle
793
‫ )قنو‬and ‫ قني( قنا‬qanā u (‫ قنو‬qanw,
qunūw, ‫ قنوة‬qunwa, ‫ قنوان‬qunwān) to
acquire, appropriate, make one’s own (‫ھـ‬
s.th.); to possess, own, have (‫ ھـ‬s.th.); --
‫ قنى‬qanā i (qany, ‫ قنيان‬qunyān) to acquire,
gain (‫ ھـ‬s.th.); -- ‫ قني‬qaniya a (‫ قنا‬qanan) to
be hooked, aquiline (nose) II to dig (a
canal) VIII to acquire (‫ ھـ‬s.th.); to get,
procure, purchase (‫ ھـ‬s.th.)
‫ قنو‬qunw, qinw pl. ‫ اقناء‬aqnā’, ‫قنوان‬
qunwān, qinwān, ‫ قنيان‬qunyān, qinyān
bunch of dates
‫ قنوة‬qunwa, qinwa appropriation,
acquisition; property in livestock, wealth,
fortune, possessions, property
‫ قنية‬qunya, qinya acquisition, property
‫ قناة‬qan`ah pl. ‫ قنى‬qanan, qunīy, ‫قناء‬
qinā’, ‫ قنوات‬qanawāt, ‫ قنيات‬qanayāt spear,
(bamboo) lance; shaft; tube, duct, pipe; --
(pl. ‫ اقنية‬aqniya, ‫ قنوات‬qanawāt) canal;
stream, waterway │ ‫( قناة دمعية‬dam‘īya)
lachrymal canal; ‫ قناة العلم‬q. al-’alam
flagpole; ‫ النت قناته‬lānat qanātuhū to
soften, relent; to yield, give in
‫ قناية‬qanāya pl. -āt small stream, rivulet,
runnel, canal
O ‫ قنية‬qunayya cannula
‫ اقنى‬aqnā bent, curved, crooked, hooked
‫ اقتناء‬iqtinā’ purchase, acquisition
‫ قان‬qānin pl. ‫ قانية‬qāniya possessor,
owner; see also alphabetically
‫ مقتنى‬muqtanan pl. ‫ مقتنيات‬muqtanayāt
thing acquired, acquisition
conquer, vanquish, defeat (‫ ه‬،‫ ھـ‬s.o., s.th.);
to subdue, overpower, overwhelm,
overcome (‫ ه‬،‫ ھـ‬s.o., s.th.); to force,
compel, coerce (‫ على ه‬s.o. to)
‫ قھر‬qahr vanquishing, subdual,
subjection, subjugation; compulsion,
coercion, force; (eg.) annoyance, trouble,
sorrow, grief; ‫ قھرا‬qahran forcibly, by
force; perforce, of necessity
‫ قھرة‬quhra compulsion, coercion,
constraint, force
‫ قھري‬qahrī compelling, compulsory,
mandatory, coercive; forcible, forced │
‫ ابتسامة قھرية‬forced smile; ‫( سبب قھري‬sabab)
compelling reason
 ‫ قاھر‬qāhir forcible, cogent,
overpowering, irresistible; vanquisher,
conqueror, victor; ‫ القاھر‬the planet Mars
‫ مصر القاھرة‬miṣr al-qāhira or ‫ القاھرة‬al-
qāhira Cairo
‫ قاھري‬qāhirī Cairene; (pl. -ūn) a
Cairene
‫ قھار‬qahhār conquering, vanquishing;
‫ القھار‬the Subduer, the Almighty (God)
‫ قھرمان‬qahramān pl. ‫ قھارمة‬qahārima steward,
butler, household manager
‫ قھرمانة‬qahramāna (woman)
housekeeper
‫ قھقر‬qahqara to move backward, go back, fall
back, retreat, withdraw; to fall behind, lag
behind; to recede, retrogress, retrograde,
decline, degenerate, deteriorate II
taqahqara do.
‫ قھقرة‬qahqara backward movement,
recedence, recession, retrogression, fall-
back, retreat; decline, retrogradation,
degeneration
‫ قھقرى‬qahqarā backward movement,
recedence, recession, retrogression,
fallback, retreat; decline, retrogradation,
degeneration │ ‫ عاد القھقرى‬to fall back,
retreat, withdraw
‫ تقھقر‬taqahqur regress, recession,
recedence, retrogression, lag, fallback,
retreat
‫ قھقه‬qahqaha to laugh boisterously, guffaw
‫ قھقھة‬qahqaha loud burst of laughter,
guffaw, horselaugh 794
‫ قھوة‬qahwa coffee; (pl. qahawāt and □
‫ قھاوي‬qahāwī) cafe, coffeehouse │ ‫قھوة سادة‬
coffee without sugar
‫ قھواتي‬qahwātī, qahawātī pl. -īya (syr.)
coffeehouse owner
‫ قھوجي‬qahwajī coffeehouse owner;
coffee cook
‫ مقھى‬maqhan and ‫ مقھاة‬maqhāh pl. ‫مقاه‬
maqāhin cafe, coffeehouse
‫ مقھاية‬maqhāya (yem.) cafe, coffeehouse
‫ قھي‬qahiya a: ‫( قھي من الطعام‬ṭa‘ām) and IV ‫اقھى‬
‫ من الطعام‬to have little appetite
‫ قاه‬qāhin supplied with provisions
(‫ قوب( قاب‬qāba u (qaub) to dig; to dig up,
burrow, excavate, hollow out (‫ ھـ‬the
ground) II do. V to break open, burst open
(egg)
‫ قاب‬qāb small distance; short span
(between the middle and the end of a bow)
│ ‫( على قاب قوسين‬q. qausain) quite near,
very close; imminent; ‫( على قاب لمحة‬q.
lamḥa) in a moment
‫ قوب‬qūb pl. ‫ اقواب‬aqwāb young bird,
chick
‫ قوباء‬qūbā’, quwabā’2 and ‫ قوبة‬qūba,
quwaba pl. ‫ قوب‬quwab tetter (med.)
(‫ قوت( قات‬qāta u (qaut, qūt, ‫ قياتة‬qiyāta)
to feed, nourish, subsist, sustain, support (‫ه‬
s.o.), provide for the support (‫ ه‬of) II and
IV do. V to be fed, be supported; to feed,
livo (‫ ب‬on s.th.); to eat (‫ ب‬s.th.) VIII do.;
to take in or absorb as nourishment (‫ھـ‬
s.th.)
‫ قات‬qāt kat (Catha edulis Forskàl; bot.);
the leaves of this shrub which act as an
excitant when chewed │ ‫ قات الرعيان‬q. ar-
ru‘yān a variety of lettuce (Lactuca
inermis Forsk.; bot.)
‫ قوت‬qūt pl. ‫ اقوات‬aqwāt nutriment,
aliment, nourishment, food, viands │ ‫مواد‬
‫ القوت‬mawādd al-q. foodstuffs
‫ تقوت‬taqawwut nutrition, alimentation
‫ المقيت‬al-muqīt the Feeder, the
Nourisher (God)
‫ )قاح )قوح‬qāḥa u (qauḥ) to fester, suppurate,
swell (wound); to sweep (‫ ھـ‬the house) II
to sweep (‫ ھـ‬the house) III to quarrel, pick
a quarrel V to fester, suppurate, swell
‫ قاحة‬qāḥa pl. ‫ قوح‬qūḥ courtyard
‫ )قاد )قود‬qāda u (quad, ‫ قياد‬qiyād, ‫ قيادة‬qiyada,
‫ مقادة‬maqāda) to lead, lead by a halter (‫ھـ‬
s.th.); to conduct, guide, engineer, steer (‫ھـ‬
s.th.); to drive, steer (‫ ھـ‬e.g., an
automobile), pilot (‫ ھـ‬an airplane); to
pander, pimp IV to cause (‫ ه‬s.o.) to
retaliate VII to be led, be guided; to
follow, obey (‫ ل‬s.o.), yield, submit (‫ ل‬to
s.o.) VIII to lead; to be led X to retaliate
‫ قود‬qaud leadership; pandering,
pimping
 ‫ قود‬qawad retaliation
‫ قواد‬qawwād pander, pimp, procurer
‫ قؤود‬qa’ūd tractable, docile, amenable,
manageable; trained (horse)
‫ اقود‬aqwad2 tractable, docile, amenable,
manageable
‫ قياد‬qiyād leadership, guidance; leading
rope, halter │ ‫ سلس القياد‬salis al-q.
tractable, docile, amenable, manageable,
pliant; ‫ صعب القياد‬ṣa’b al-q. intractable,
unruly, ungovernable
‫ قيادة‬qiyāda leadership, guidance;
driving, steering, steerage (of a vehicle);
command │ ‫‘( )القيادة العليا )العامة‬ulyā,
‘āmma) supreme command; ‫عجلة القيادة‬
‘ajalat al-q. steering wheel (of an
automobile)
‫ مقود‬miqwad pl. ‫ مقاود‬maqawid leading
rope, leading rein, halter; steering
mechanism; steering wheel 795
‫ انقياد‬inqiyād obedience, compliances,
yielding, submission
‫ قائد‬qā’id pl. ‫ قواد‬quwwād, ‫ قود‬quwwad,
‫ قادة‬qāda, ‫ قادات‬qādāt leader; directors,
manager; head, chief; commander,
commandant; high-ranking officer, senior
officer; caïd, native governmental officer
heading a caïdate in Tunisia; steersman,
helmsman │ ‫ قائد الجيش‬q. al-jaiš
commander of an army, general; ‫قائد العام‬
(‘āmm) supreme commander; ‫القائد األعلى‬
(a’lā) commander-in-chief of the Eg.
navy; ‫‘( قائد عام األساطيل الجوية‬āmm,
jawwīya) lieutenant general of the Air
Force (Eg. 1939); ‫قائد األساطيل الجوية‬
(jawwīya) major general of the Air Force
(Eg. 1939); ‫ قائد اسطول الجوي‬q. usṭūl jawwī
colonel of the Air Force (Eg. 1939); ‫قائد‬
‫ لواء جوي‬lieutenant colonel of the Air
Force (Eg. 1939); ‫ قائد فرقة جوية‬q. firqa
jawwīya major of the Air Force (Eg.
1939); ‫ قائد جناح‬q. janāḥ wing commander
(Eg. 1939); ‫ قائد سرب‬q. sirb captain of the
Air Force (Eg. 1939); ‫ قادة الفكر‬q. al-fikr
leading thinkers
‫ قور‬II to make a round hole (‫ ھـ‬in s.th.); to
gouge, scoop out, hollow out (‫ ھـ‬s.th.); to
cut out in a round form, cut round (‫ ھـ‬s.th.)
V to coil (snake) VIII ‫ اقتار‬and ‫اقتور‬
iqtawara = II
‫ قار‬qār pitch; tar
‫ قارة‬qāra pl. -āt, ‫ قور‬qūr, ‫ قيران‬qīrān hill;
see also qarra under; ‫قر‬
‫ مقورة‬miqwara gouge
‫ تقوير‬taqwīr gouging, hollowing out
‫ تقويرة‬taqwīra neckline (of a garment)
‫ مقور‬muqawwar cut out in a round
form; gouged, hollowed out, scooped out;
chiseled out; low-cut, low-necked,
décolleté (dress)
‫ قورمة‬qawurma (eg.) mutton or beef cut in
small pieces and braised with squash
(qar’) or onions and tomatoes
‫ قوس‬qawisa a (qawas) to be bent,
curved, crooked II = I; to bend, curve,
crook (‫ ھـ‬s.th.); to shoot V = I; to bend
‫ قوس‬qaus m. and f., pl. of ‫ اقواس‬aqwās,
‫ قسي‬qusīy, qisīy bow, longbow; arc
(geom.); arch, vault (arch.; of a bridge);
violin bows, fiddlestick; semicircular
table; ‫ قوسان‬parentheses (punctuation
marks); ‫ القوس‬Sagittas, the Archer (sign of
the zodiac) │ ‫( بين قوسين‬qausain) in
parentheses; ‫ قوس قزح‬q. quzaḥa rainbow;
‫ قوس الندف‬q. an-nadf teasing bow (for
combing or carding cotton); ‫ قوس النصر‬q.
an-naṣr triumphal arch; ‫لم يبق في قوس صبري‬
‫ منزع‬lam yabqa fī q. ṣabrī minz‘ my
patience is at an end (lit.: there is no arrow
left for the bow of my patience)
‫ قواس‬qawwās bowmaker; bowman,
archer; kavass, consular guard
‫ قويسة‬quwaisa sage (bot.)
‫ مقوس‬muqawwas bent, crooked, curved,
arched
‫ قوش‬qūš pl. ‫ اقواش‬aqwāš crupper (of the saddle
or harness); straps, girth
‫ قاووش‬qāwūš pl. ‫ قواويش‬qawāwīš2 prison
cell
□ ‫ قواص‬qawāṣ see ‫ قواس‬qawwās
‫ )قاض )قوض‬qāḍa u (qauḍ) to demolish, tear
down, wreck, raze (‫ ھـ‬a building), strike (
‫ ھـ‬a tent) II do.; to break off (‫ ھـ‬s.th.); to
smash (‫ ھـ‬s.th.) V to be demolished,
 undergo demolition; to collapse, fall in,
cave in; to break up, scatter, disperse
(crowd); to desist (‫ عن‬from), give in, give
way (‫ عن‬to)
‫ تقويض‬taqwīḍ wrecking, demolition;
destruction, annihilation
‫ مقاوضة‬muqāwaḍa barter, exchange,
interchange
1
‫ قوط‬qauṭ pl. ‫ اقواط‬aqwāṭ flock of sheep 796
2
‫ القوط‬al-qūṭ the Goths
‫ قوطي‬qūṭī Gothic
3
‫ قوطة‬qauṭa small basket for fruit; date basket
4
‫ قوطة‬qūṭa (eg.) tomatoes
‫ )قاع )قوع‬qā‘ pl. ‫ قيعان‬qī‘ān, ‫ اقوع‬aqwu‘, ‫اقواع‬
aqwā‘ plain, lowland; bottom, lowest part;
wave trough (phys.); floor (of a mine);
gulf, abyss │ ‫ قاع النھر‬q. an-nahr river bed;
‫ بالد القاع‬the Netherlands
‫ قاعة‬qā‘a pl. -āt paved courtyard;
entrance hall, vestibule, corridor; hall;
sizable room │ ‫ قاعة المحاضرات‬q. al-
muḥāḍarāt lecture hall, auditorium (of a
university); ‫ قاعة التدريس‬lecture room,
classroom; ‫ قاعة الطعام‬q. aṭ-ṭa‘ām dining
room; messhall; ‫ قاعة العرش‬q. al-‘arš
throne room; ‫ قاعة المطالعة‬q. al-muṭāla‘a
reading room, study hall; ‫قاعة األفراح‬
banquet hall, ballroom
1
‫ )قاق )قوق‬qāqa u (qauq) to cackle, cluck (hen)
II do.
‫ قاق‬qāq pl. ‫ قيقان‬qīqān (syr.) raven │ ‫قاق‬
‫ الماء‬cormorant (zool.)
‫ ام قويق‬umm quwaiq (eg.) owl (zool.)
2
‫ قاوق‬and ‫ قاووق‬pl. ‫ قواويق‬look up alphabetically
‫ القوقاز‬al-qauqāz and ‫ القوقاس‬al-qauqās the
Caucasus
‫ القوقازيون‬al-qauqāzīyūn the Caucasians
‫ قوقع‬qauqa‘ seashell
‫ قوقعة‬qauqa‘a pl. ‫ قواقع‬qawāqi‘2 snail
1
(‫ قول( قال‬qāla u (‫ قول‬qaul) to speak, say, tell (‫ھـ‬
s.th., ‫ ل‬to s.o.; ‫ عن ھـ‬،‫ في‬s.th. about or of),
utter, voice (‫ ھـ‬s.th.); to speak (‫ عن‬of), deal
(‫ عن‬with), treat (‫ عن‬of); to state, maintain,
assert, propound, teach, profess, advocate,
defend (‫ ب‬s.th.); to support, hold (‫ ب‬a
view), stand up (‫ ب‬for), be the proponent (
‫ ب‬of a doctrine or dogma); to allege (‫ب‬
s.th.); with ‫على‬: to speak against s.o.,
speak ill of s.o., tell lies about s.o. │ ‫قال‬
‫( برأسه‬bi-ra’sihī) to motion with the head,
signal, beckon; ‫ قيل في المثل‬qīla fī l-matal
the proverb says; ‫( وال يقال ان‬inna) one
cannot say that ..., let no one say that …;
‫ او قل‬au qul or, or rather, or say even …;
‫( وقل مثل ھذه في‬wa-qul mitla) or ‫وقل مثله في‬
or ‫ وكذلك قل في‬the same must be said about
…, the same can be said of ..., the same
applies to ... III to confer, parley, treat,
negotiate (‫ ه‬with s.o.); to dispute, wrangle,
argue; to haggle, bargain (‫ ه‬with s.o.,
about the price); to make a contract; to
conclude a bargain, make a deal (‫ ه‬with
s.o.) V to fabricate lies, spread rumors (
‫ على‬about s.o.); to pretend, allege, purport
(‫ ھـ‬s.th.) │ ‫( تقول األقاويل‬aqāwīla) to talk
foolishly X O to render (voice by radio)
‫ قال وقيل‬qāl wa-qīl and ‫ قيل وقال‬qīl wa-
qāl long palaver; idle talk, prattle, gossip
‫ قالة‬qāla speech, talk │ ‫ سوء القالة‬sū’ al-
q. malicious gossip, backbiting,
defamation
‫ قول‬qaul pl. ‫ اقوال‬aqwāl, ‫ اقاويل‬aqāwīl2
word, speech, saying, utterance, remark;
statement, declaration; report, account;
doctrine, teaching; pl. ‫ اقوال‬also: testimony
(in court); ‫ اقاويل‬sayings, locutions;
proverbs │ ‫ قوال وعمال‬qaulan wa-‘amalan
or ‫( بالقول والفعل‬fi‘l) by word and deed; ‫اقوال‬
‫ الشھود‬testimonies, depositions, evidence;
‫ اعطى قوله‬a‘ṭā qaulahū to make one’s bid
(at an auction)
‫ قولة‬qaula (n. vic.) utterance, remark,
word; pronouncement, dictum
‫ قولة‬quwala garrulous, voluble,
loquacious, talkative, communicative
‫ قوال‬qawwāl garrulous, voluble,
loquacious, talkative, communicative;
itinerant singer and musician 797
‫ مقول‬miqwal pl. ‫ مقاول‬maqāwil2
phonograph, gramophone, talking
machine
‫ مقال‬maqāl speech; proposition,
contention, teaching, doctrine; article;
treatise; piece of writing
 ‫ مقالة‬maqāla pl. -āt article; essay;
treatise; piece of writing │ ‫مقالة افتتاحية‬
(iftitāḥīya) editorial, leading article
‫ مقاولة‬muqāwala talk, conversation,
parley, conference; dispute; contract;
settlement, arrangement, agreement;
bargain, deal, transaction, undertaking │
‫ بالمقاولة‬by the job, by the contract, by
piece (work)
‫ تقول‬taqawwul pl. -āt talk, rumor,
gossip
‫ قائل‬qā’il pl. ‫ قول‬quwwal saying, telling;
teller, narrator; advocate, proponent (‫ ب‬of
s.th.)
‫ مقول‬maqūl pl. -āt that which is said,
utterance, saying; word(s), speech │
‫‘( المقوالت العشر‬ašr) the ten categories
(philos.)
‫ مقاول‬muqāwil contractor; building
contractor
2
‫( قول‬Turk. kol) qōl wing of an army, army
corps; ‫( قول اغاسي‬Turk. kol ağası) a
military rank intermediate between those
of captain and major, adjutant major
(Egs.)
‫ قولحة‬qaulaḥa pl. ‫ قوالح‬qawāliḥ2 (eg.) cob (of
corn, and the like)
‫ قولنج‬qaulanj colic
‫ قولون‬qolōn colon (anat.)
‫ )قام )قوم‬qāma u (‫ قومة‬qauma, ‫ قيام‬qiyām)
to get up; to stand up, stand erect; to rise
(also fig.: voices, noise, wind); ‫ قام عليه‬to
rise or turn against s.o., revolt or rebel
against s.o., attack s.o.; ‫ قام له‬to rise in
honor of s.o.; to rise from the dead, be
resurrected; to ascend; to set out, start out;
to depart, leave (train); to betake o.s., go (
‫ الى‬to); to stand; to remain standing; to be,
exist, be existent; to be located, be
situated, lie; to consist (‫ ب‬in); to rest, be
based, be founded (‫ على‬on, also ‫)ب‬, be
built (‫ على‬on); to have for its (main) theme
(‫ على‬a problem; of a book, and the like); to
begin (‫ يفعل‬to do s.th.), start (‫ يفعل‬doing
s.th.); to make s.th. (‫ )ب‬one’s business,
concern o.s. (‫ ب‬with), undertake, take
upon o.s., perform, do, carry out, execute,
accomplish, practice, exercise (‫ ب‬s.th.); to
stand up (‫ ب‬for), support, advocate,
endorse (‫ ب‬s.th.); to be in charge (‫ على‬of),
manage, run, tend, guard, keep up,
preserve (‫ على‬s.th.); to take care (‫ على‬of),
attend (‫ على‬to), watch (‫ على‬over), look
after s.th. (‫ ;)على‬to cost, be worth (‫ ب‬so
and so much) │ ‫( قام البرھان على‬burhān)
proof had been furnished for; ‫قام بأعباء الحكم‬
(bi-a’bā’i l-ḥukm) to assume the burdens
of government, take over power; ‫قام باوده‬
(bi-awadihī) to provide for s.o.’s needs,
stand by s.o. in time of need; ‫( قام بدور‬bi-
daurin) to play a part; ‫( قام بشأنه‬bi-ša’nihī)
to take care of s.o., look after s.o., take
s.o. under one’s wing; ‫ قام بالمصاريف‬to
defray the costs, pay the expenses; ‫قام‬
‫ بالواجب عليه‬to do one’s duty; ‫( قام بوعده‬bi-
wa‘dihī) to keep one’s word; ‫قامت الحرب‬
‫( على ساق‬ḥarb) the war was or became
violent, flared up; war broke out; ‫قام الحق‬
(ḥaqq) truth became or was manifest; ‫قامت‬
‫( الصالة‬ṣalāh) the time of prayer has come;
‫( قام على قدم وساق‬qadamin wa-sāqin) to
become fully effective, be in full progress,
be in full swing; ‫قاموا قومة رجل واحد‬
(qaumata rajulin) they rose to a man; ‫لم تقم‬
‫ له قائمة بعد‬lam taqum lahū qā’imatun
ba‘du he was no longer able to put up any
resistance, he was as good as finished; ‫ال‬
‫ تقوم لألعداء قائمة‬there is no 798 resistance
against the enemies; ‫قامت قيامته‬
(qiyāmatuhū) to get excited, get angry,
become furious; all hell broke loose in it;
‫ )قامت قيامته ل )من‬to be upset, be shocked,
be violently agitated by s.th.; ‫قام في وجھه‬
(wajhihī) to resist, oppose, defy s.o.; ‫قام‬
‫( مقامه‬maqāmahū) to replace s.o.,
substitute for s.o., deputize for s.o., take
s.o.’s place; to serve as or instead of s.th.,
take the place of s.th., replace s.th.; ‫قام منه‬
‫ مقامه‬to take the place of s.o. with s.o.; ‫قام‬
‫( وقعد‬wa-qa‘ada) to be in a state of great
anxiety, be seriously upset, be very
agitated; to be very alarmed (‫ ل‬by s.th.); ‫ال‬
‫ قام وال قعد‬not to be lasting and durable II to
set upright, lift up, raise (‫ ھـ‬s.th.); to
create, shape, form, arrange, set up (‫ھـ‬
s.th.); to straighten, make or put straight (
‫ ھـ‬s.th.); to arrange well, do properly (‫ھـ‬
s.th.); to put in order, fix, set going (‫ھـ‬
s.th.); to right, put to rights, rectify,
correct, reform, amend (‫ ھـ‬s.th.); O to
rectify (el.); to estimate, assess, appraise,
value, rate (‫ ب ھـ‬s.th. at) │ ‫ ال يقوم بثمن‬lā
yuqawwamu bi-tamanin inestimable,
invaluable, priceless III to resist, oppose (‫ه‬
s.o.); to fight, combat (‫ ھـ‬s.th.); to raise
objections, take issue, contend, argue (‫في ه‬
with s.o. because of s.th.); to withstand (‫ه‬
s.o.), hold out, hold one’s own (‫ ه‬against),
be on a par (‫ ه‬with s.o.), equal, match (‫ه‬
s.o.), measure up (‫ ه‬to s.o.) │ ‫ ال يقاوم‬lā
yuqāwamu irresistible IV to straighten,
straighten out, make right or correct, put
in order (‫ ھـ‬s.th.); to make (‫ ه‬s.o.) rise; to
resurrect, raise from the dead (‫ ه‬s.o.); to
lift up, elevate (‫ ھـ‬s.th.); to set up, raise,
erect (‫ ھـ‬s.th.); to start, originate, found,
call into being (‫ ھـ‬s.th.); to fix, determine (
‫ ھـ‬s.th.); to appoint, nominate, install (‫ه ه‬
s.o. as); ‫ اقامه على‬to put s.o. in charge of
s.th., commission s.o. with the
management of s.th.; to agitate, rouse,
excite (‫ ھـ‬s.th.); to make brisk, enliven,
animate (‫ ھـ‬the market); to hold (‫ ھـ‬a
meeting, a ceremony, etc.), celebrate (‫ ھـ‬a
festival), put on, stage, organize (‫ ھـ‬a
celebration, a pageant, etc.), give (‫ ھـ‬a
reception); to occupy o.s. constantly (‫على‬
with); to abide, stay, remain, dwell, reside,
live (‫ على‬in); to dwell (‫ على‬on), persist (‫على‬
in), keep, stick (‫ على‬to) │ ‫اقام اوده‬
(awadahū) to provide for s.o.’s needs,
stand by s.o. in time of need; to support
s.o., furnish s.o. with the means of
subsistence; ‫( اقام البرھان الجلي على‬burhāna
l-jalīya) to furnish the unmistakable proof
for ..., dearly prove s.th.; ‫( اقام الحجة‬ḥujjata)
to protest, lodge a protest; ‫اقام حسابا ل‬
(ḥisāban) to render account to s.o.; to give
one’s mind to s.o. or s.th., make s.o. or
s.th. one’s concern; ‫ اقام الدليل على ان‬to
prove that ...; ‫( اقام الشعائر الدينية‬dīnīya) to
perform the liturgical rites; ‫اقام الصالة‬
(ṣalāta) to perform the ritual prayer; ‫اقام‬
‫‘( العدل‬adla) to administer justice, handle
the law; ‫( اقام القداس على‬quddāsa) to read the
Mass for s.o.; ‫اقام قضية )دعوى( على‬
(qaḍīyatan, da‘wā) to take legal action
against s.o., sue s.o.; ‫( اقام له وزنا‬waznan) to
set great store by s.th., attach importance
to s.th., make much of s.th.; ‫ال يقام له وزن‬
(yuqāmu, wazn) to be negligible, be of no
consequence; ‫( اقام مباراة‬mubārātan) to
stage a contest; ‫( اقامه مقامه‬maqāmahū) to
make s.o. take the place of s.o. else, make
s.o. replace s.o. else. substitute s.o. for s.o.
else; ‫( اقام نفسه مقام الحامي‬nafsahū maqama l-
ḥāmī) to pose as the protector; ‫اقامه واقعده‬
(wa-aq‘adahū) to upset s.o. seriously,
throw s.o. in a state of violent emotion; ‫اقام‬
‫( الدنيا واقعدھا‬dunya wa-aq‘adahā) to move
heaven and earth; to make a stir, create a
sensation; ‫( ال يقيم له قيامة‬qiyāmatan) he
forestalls any resistance on his part X to
rise, get up, stand up; to straighten up,
draw o.s. up; to stand upright, stand erect;
to be or become 799 straight; to be right,
correct, sound, proper, in order; to keep,
stick (‫ في‬to s.th.) │ ‫( استقام له الكالم‬kalāmu)
he said the right thing about ..., he talked
sense about ...
‫ قوم‬qaum pl. ‫ اقوام‬aqwām fellow
tribesmen, kinsfolk, kin, kindred; tribe,
race, people, nation; people │ ‫عالم األقوام‬
ethnographer, ethnologist; ‫سيقول قوم ان‬
(inna) people will say ...
‫ قومة‬qauma rising; uprising, revolt
‫ قومي‬qaumī national; ethnic, racial;
‫ قوميات‬national traits; (pl. -īya) “goumier”,
member of the native cavalry troops
recruited from the local tribes in French
North Africa
‫ قومية‬qaumīya nationalism; nationality
‫ قامة‬qāma stature, figure, build, frame
(of a person); fathom (measure of length =
6 feet); stand, support, tripod
‫ قيم‬qayyim valuable, precious; straight,
right; caretaker, curator, custodian,
superintendent; ‫ القيمة‬al-qayyima the true
faith │ ‫( كتب قيمة‬kutub) valuable books
‫ قيمة‬qīma pl. ‫ قيم‬qiyam value, worth; size
of an amount, amount, quantity; price │ ‫ذو‬
‫ قيمة‬valuable; ‫( ال قيمة له‬qīmata worthless
‫ قيمي‬qīmī relating to the value, by the
standard of value, according to the value;
nonfungible (Isl. Law) │ ‫مال قيمي‬
nonfungible things, nonfungibles (Isl.
Law)
‫ قوام‬qawām upright posture, erect
bearing; straightness; stature, physique,
build, frame; figure, body (of a person);
rightness, properness, proper condition,
normal state; strength, vigor, stamina;
firmness, consistency; support, stay, prop;
livelihood, living
 ‫ قوام‬qiwām support, stay, prop; basis,
foundation; stock, supply; sustenance,
subsistence, livelihood │ ‫ قوام اھله‬q. ahlihī
the provider, or supporter, of his family
‫ قوام‬qawwām manager, director,
superintendent, caretaker, keeper,
custodian, guardian (‫ على‬of s.th.)
‫ قوامة‬qiwāma guardianship
‫ قويم‬qawīm pl. ‫ قيام‬qiyām straight,
upright, erect; correct, right, proper,
sound, authentic; true (religion); firm,
solid
‫ قيام‬qiyām rising, getting up; standing;
existence; outbreak (e.g., of a revolt);
setting out, leaving, departure (also, esp.,
of trains); performance. execution,
carrying out, consummation, discharge,
accomplishment, undertaking (‫ ب‬of s.th.);
support, stay, prop; sustenance,
subsistence, livelihood │ ‫ الى قيام الساعة‬till
doomsday, forever and ever, in perpetuity,
for all time to come; ‫ قيام اھله‬q. ahlihī the
provider, or supporter, of his family; ‫القيام‬
‫‘( بالعمل‬amal) performance; working,
functioning
‫ قيامة‬qiyāma resurrection; tumult,
turmoil, upheaval, revolution, overthrow;
guardianship │ ‫‘ عيد القيامة‬īd al-q. Easter;
‫ يوم القيامة‬yaum al-q. the day of
resurrection, the day of final judgment;
‫( قامت قيامته‬qiyāmatuhū) to get excited, get
angry, become furious; all hell broke
loose in it; (‫ عن( قامت قيامته ل‬to be upset, be
shocked, be violently agitated by s.th.
‫ القيوم‬al-qayyūm the Everlasting, the
Eternal (God)
‫ اقوم‬aqwam2 straighter; more correct,
sounder; more adequate, more appropriate
‫ مقوم‬miqwam plowtail, plow handle
‫ مقام‬maqām pl. -āt site, location,
position; place, spot, point, locality;
situation; station; standing, position, 800
rank, dignity; tomb of a saint, sacred
place; key, tonality, mode (mus.) │ ‫في ھذا‬
‫ المقام‬on this occasion; ‫ مقام ابراھيم‬small
building near the Kaaba, in Mecca
(housing a stone with ِAbraham’s foot-
prints); ‫ مقام الحديث‬topic of the
conversation; ‫)المقامات السياسية )الرسمية‬
(siyāsīya, rasmīya) the political (official)
agencies; ‫ مقام الكسر‬m. al-kasr denominator
of a fraction; ‫ صاحب المقام الرفيع‬title
conferred upon the holder of the order of
“Collier Fouad I”, established by Fuad I in
1936; ‫( كان عندي في مقام والدي‬m. wālidī) he
assumed the responsibility of fatherhood
for me; cf. also muqām and under ‫ق ّم‬
‫ مقامة‬maqāma pl. -āt sitting, session,
meeting; a genre of Arabic rhythmic prose
‫ تقويم‬taqwīm pl. ‫ تقاويم‬taqāwīm2 raising,
setting up, erection; appraisal, assessment,
estimation, fating, valuation; correction;
rectification, amendment, reform,
reformation, reorganization, reshaping,
modification, adaption; a rectification,
detection (el., radio); land survey,
surveying; determination of geographical
longitude and latitude; geography;
stocktaking; almanac; calendar;
chronology │ ‫ التقويم الجويجوري‬the
Gregorian calendar; ‫( تقويم زمني‬zamanī)
chronology; ‫‘ علم تقويم البلدان‬ilm t. al-buldān
geography
‫ مقاومة‬muqāwama resistance;
opposition; fight, struggle, battle (with
foll. genit.: against); O resistance (el.) │ O
‫( مقاومة جوية‬jawwīya) antiaircraft defense;
‫( مقاومة سلبية‬salbīya) passive resistance; ‫دون‬
‫ مقاومة‬without resistance, unresistingly
‫ اقامة‬iqāma raising, lifting up; elevation;
setting up; erection; establishment (of an
institute); execution; performance;
holding, convocation (e.g., of a meeting),
celebration (e.g., of a festival), putting on,
staging (e.g., of a pageant, of a
celebration); resurrection (of the dead);
stay, sojourn; second call to the salat in a
mosque, indicating the imminent
beginning of the prayer; (Magr.)
residentship, office of resident │ ‫اقامة‬
‫( الشعائر الدينية‬dīnīya) performance of the
religious ceremonies, celebration of the
divine service; ‫ اقامة العدل‬i. al-‘adl
administration of justice; ‫ محل اإلقامة‬maḥall
al-i. (place of) residence, domicile;
address
‫ استقامة‬istiqāma straightness; sincerity,
uprightness, rectitude, integrity, probity,
honesty; rightness, soundness, correctness
 ‫ قائم‬qā’im pl. ‫ قوم‬quwwam, ‫ قيم‬quyyam,
‫ قوام‬quwwām, ‫ قيام‬quyyām rising, getting
up; standing; upright, erect; stand-up;
existing, existent; visible, conspicuous;
firm, steadfast, staunch, unflinching,
unshakable; revolting, rebelling (‫على‬
against); vertical, perpendicular (‫ على‬to) │
‫ قائم بأعمال المفوضية‬،‫( قائم باألعمال‬bi-a. al-
mufawwāḍīya) charge d’affaires (dipl.);
‫ قائم برأسه‬،‫ قائم بذاته‬،‫( قائم الذات‬bi-ra’sihī) and
‫( بنفسه‬bi-nafsihi) self-existent,
independent; ‫( في قائم حياته‬q. ḥayātihi)
during his lifetime; ‫ قائم الزاوية‬q. az-zāwiya
rectangular, right-angled; ‫ الزاوية القائمة‬right
angle
‫ قائممقام‬qā’im-maqām, qā’imaqām
administrative officer at the head of a
qaḍā’, approx.: district president (Ir., Syr.,
Leb.); lieutenant colonel (mil.; Tun.,
formerly also Eg.); commander (naval
rank; Eg.)
‫ قائممقامية‬qā’im-maqāmīya,
qā’imaqāmīya administrative district
headed by a qā’im-maqam, in Iraq =
qaḍā’
‫ قائمة‬qā’ima pl. ‫ قوائم‬qawā’im leg, foot,
paw (of a quadruped); leg, foot (of
furniture); pale, stake, post, prop,
stanchion, pillar; pommel (of a sword’s
hilt); stand, base, support; (fig.) main
support, pillar; (pl. also -āt) list, roster,
801 register, index, table, schedule;
catalogue; invoice, bill │ ‫ قائمة الطعام‬q. aṭ-
ṭa‘ām menu, bill of fare; see also ‫ قوم‬I
‫ مقوم‬muqawwim estimator, appraiser,
assessor; -- (pl. -āt) formative element,
constituent factor; O rectifier, detector
(el., radio); pl. ‫ مقومات‬elements,
constituents, components, formative
agents, basic factors, fundamentals │
‫ مقومات الحياة‬m. al-ḥayāh means of
subsistence; earthly possessions; ‫مقومات‬
‫ الجمال‬m. al-jamāl cosmetics; ‫ العمران‬m.
al-‘umrān cultural factors
‫ مقوم‬muqawwam highly creditable,
valuable, valued, treasured, prized; pl.
‫ مقومات‬valuable possessions, valuables;
assets, values
‫ مقاوم‬muqāwim resisting, resistent,
reluctant, averse, unwilling; opponent,
adversary, antagonist
‫ مقيم‬muqim raising, lifting up, setting
up, erecting, etc. j remaining, staying,
abiding, lingering; permanent, lasting,
enduring; persistent; living, residing,
resident, domiciled; re8ident (dipl.) │ ‫مقيم‬
‫( بواجباته‬bi-wājibātihī) dutiful,
conscientious, loyal; ‫( مقيم عام‬āmm)
Resident General (Tun.)
‫ مقيمي‬muqīmī residential
‫ مقيمية‬muqīmīya residentship, residency
‫ مقام‬muqām raised, set up, erected, etc.;
pending (legal action); stay, sojourn;
abode, habitat, whereabouts; place of
residence; duration of stay; see also under
‫ق ّم‬
‫ مستقيم‬mustaqīm upright, erect; straight;
dead straight, straight as a die; directed
straight ahead; correct, right, sound,
proper, in order; even, regular,
symmetrical, proportionate, harmonious;
honest, straightforward, upright,
righteous, honorable; (pl. -āt) a straight,
straight line (math.); reotum (anat.)
‫( قومسير‬Fr. commissaire) qomisēr
commissioner
‫( قومندان‬Fr. commandant) qomandān
commander, commandant
‫ قونة‬qūna pl. ‫ قون‬quwan icon; image of a saint
‫ قونية‬qōniya2 Konya (city in Anatolia)
‫ قوه‬II to shriek, scream, yell, cry, shout
‫ قوي‬qawiya a (‫ قوة‬qūwa) to he or become
strong, vigorous, forceful, mighty; to
become stronger, increase in power, gain
ascendancy; to be able to do s.th. (‫ على‬in
or about s.th.), have influence (‫ على‬over
s.th.); to he able to cope (‫ على‬with s.th.),
be able to manage or tackle (‫ على‬s.th.); to
be superior (‫ على‬to s.o.); -- (‫ قي‬qiyy, ‫قواية‬
qawāya) to he depopulated, deserted,
forsaken, desolate (place); -- (‫ قوى‬qawan)
to starve, be starved; to be denied, he
withheld (rain) II to make strong or
vigorous, strengthen, fortify, consolidate,
invigorate, brace (‫ ه‬,‫ ھـ‬s.o., s.th.); to
encourage, hearten, embolden (‫ ه‬s.o.); to
intensify (‫ ھـ‬s.th.) III to vie or compete in
strength (‫ ه‬with s.o.); to equal, match (‫ه‬
s.o.) IV to be poor; to be empty, deserted,
forsaken, desolate (place) V to be or
become strong; to intensify, become
stronger; to take heart, take courage VIII
to claim for o.s. (‫ ھـ‬s.th.) X = V
‫ قواء‬qawā’, qiwā’ and ‫ قي‬qiyy desert,
wasteland, desolate country
‫ قواء‬qawā’ and ‫ قوى‬qawan hunger,
starvation
‫ قوة‬qūwa pl. -āt, ‫ قوى‬quwan strength;
vigor; potency; power, force; intensity;
violence, vehemence; courage, pluck;
faculty, ability, capability, aptitude;
efficacy, efficiency, potential; O (electric)
energy, power, capacity, output; armed
force, troop; ‫ قوات‬qūwāt armed forces;
troops│‫ بالقوة‬forcibly, by force; 802
inherently, virtually (philos.); ‫ بقوة وجالء‬bi-
qūwatin wa-jalā’in (to speak) loud and
distinctly; ‫ منسرق القوة‬munsariq al-q.
weakened, debilitated, effete, exhausted,
spent; ‫( قوة احتياطية‬iḥtiyāṭīyaī) reserves
(mil.); ‫ قوة اإلذاعة‬q. al-idā‘a transmitting
power (radio); ‫ قوة اإلرادة‬q. al-irāda will
power; ‫ قوة االستمرار‬inertia; ‫قوة حافظة‬
memory; ‫ قوة الحدود‬frontier guard, border
guard; ‫ قوة خفيفة‬light, mobile task force
(mil.); O ‫( قوة دافعة كھربائية‬kahrabā’īya)
electromotive force, e.m.f.; ‫قوة دفاعية‬
(difā‘īya) total defense potential; O ‫قوة‬
‫( سطحية‬saṭḥīya) surface task force (navy);
‫ قوة الشراء‬purchasing power; ‫ قوة الصوت‬q.
aṣ-ṣaut volume, intensity (radio) ‫قوة عاقلة‬
intellectual power, faculty of perception;
‫ قوة عراك‬combat force; ‫‘( قوة على العمل‬amal)
working power; output capacity; ‫قوة القانون‬
legal force; ‫ قوة قاھرة‬force majeure; ‫قوة‬
‫( مركزية‬markazīya) central power; O ‫قوة‬
‫ مركزية جاذبة‬centripetal force; O ‫قوة مركزية‬
‫ طاردة‬centrifugal force; ‫قوة مضادة للطائرات‬
(muḍādda) antiaircraft defense; ‫قوة معنوية‬
(ma‘nawīya) moral strength, morale,
spirit; ‫ قوة‬q. an-nabt germinative faculty;
‫( قوة نظامية‬niẓāmīya) regular army; ‫قوات برية‬
‫( وبحرية وجوية‬barrīya wa-baḥrīya wa-
jawwīya) ground, sea, and air forces; ‫العاب‬
‫ القوى‬athletics, specif., track and field
‫ قوي‬qawīy pl. ‫ اقوياء‬aqwiyā’2 strong;
vigorous; potent; mighty, powerful,
forceful; intense, violent, vehement i firm,
solid, robust, hardy, sturdy │ ‫قوى العارضة‬
eloquent, quick, witted
‫ اقوى‬aqwā stronger
‫ تقوية‬taqwiya strengthening;
fortification, consolidation;
intensification; encouragement
□ ‫ تقاوي‬taqāwī (eg.) seed (for sowing)
‫ اقواء‬iqwā’ depopulation; imperfect
rhyme (change of the vowel following the
rhyme letter)
‫ مقو‬muqawwin strengthening, fortifying,
invigorating; corroborant; (pl. ‫مقويات‬
muqawwiyāt) a restorative, tonic, cordial,
corroborant; O amplifier (radio)
‫ مقوى‬muqawwan strengthened,
reinforced, stiffened, stiff│‫ورق مقوى‬
(waraq) cardboard, pasteboard
‫ قى‬qiyy see ‫قوى‬
(‫ قىء( قاء‬qā’a i (‫ قيء‬qay’) to vomit II to cause (
‫ ه‬s.o.) to vomit (of an emetic) V = I
‫ قياء‬quyā’ vomit, that which is vomited
‫ مقيئ‬muqayyi’ pl. ‫ مقيئات‬muqayyi’āt a
vomitive, an emetic│ ‫( الجوز المقيئ‬jauz)
nux vomica
‫ قيتار‬qītār pl. ‫ قياتير‬qayātīr2, ‫ قيثار‬qītār and ‫قيثارة‬
qītāra pl. ‫ قياثير‬qayātīr2, a guitar; lyre
(‫ قاح( قيح‬qāḥa i (qaiḥ) to suppurate, fester, be
purulent II and V do.
‫ قيح‬qaiḥ pl. ‫ قيوح‬quyūḥ pus, matter
‫ تقيح‬taqayyuḥ suppuration, maturation,
purulence
‫ متقيح‬mutaqayyiḥ suppurative, festering,
purulent
1
‫ قيد‬II to bind, tie, fetter, shackle (‫ ب ه‬s.o. with;
also fig.: to bind or tie s.o. to); to limit,
restrict, confine, qualify (‫ ھـ‬s.th.); to
impose restrictions (‫ ه‬،‫ ھـ‬on s.o., on s.th.),
set bounds (‫ ه‬،‫ ھـ‬to s.o., to s.th.), curb,
check (‫ ه‬،‫ ھـ‬s.o., s.th.); to fix, determine,
lay down, specify, stipulate (‫ ھـ‬s.th.); to
write, write down, note down (‫ ھـ‬s.th.),
make a note, take notes (‫ ھـ‬of) ; to enter,
book (‫ ھـ‬s.th.) ; to register, record (‫ ھـ‬s.th.,
also fig., of the eyes); to enroll (‫ ه‬s.o., in a
list or register); to charge (‫ على ھـ‬s.th. to
s.o.,s account), debit (‫ على ھـ‬with s.th.
s.o.); to place s.th. (‫ )ھـ‬to s.o.’s credit (‫)ل‬,
credit (‫ ل ھـ‬with s.th. s.o.) V pass. Of II; to
bind o.s., be bound (‫ ب‬to, by, e.g., by an
obligation); 803 to be limited, restricted;
to enroll, have one’s name registered
‫ قيد‬qaid pl. ‫ قيود‬quyūd (also ‫اقياد‬aqyād)
fetter, shackle, chain; bond, tie; strap,
thong; recording, record, booking,
entering, entry, registering, registration,
registry; enrollment (e.g., at
matriculation); fixation, determination,
specification, stipulation; document;
limitation, confinement, restriction,
qualification, reservation; condition,
proviso; amount, measure, degree;
distance│‫ قيد االسنان‬gum(s); ‫قيد االنساب‬
genealogical tree; family tree; ‫من غير قيد او‬
‫ روابط‬without any reservation, without
qualification; ‫( بال قيد وال شرط‬šarṯ) without
any reservation, without qualification;
with no strings attached; unconditional; ‫قلم‬
‫ القيودات‬qalam al-quyūdāt bureau of vital
statistics, (G.B.) (general) register office;
‫ بقيد الحياة‬bi-q. il-ḥayāh or ‫( على قيد الحياة‬still)
alive, living; ‫ قيد شعرة‬qaida ša‘ratin, by a
hairbreadth, within 80 hair’s breadth; ... ‫ال‬
‫ قيد انملة‬la ... qaida unmulatin not one inch,
not one iota; ‫( على قيد ساعات معدودة‬q.
sā‘atin) within a few hours; ‫على قيد عشرة‬
‫ كيلومترات‬at a distance of 1o km; ‫عن قيد‬
‫( البصر‬q. il-baṣar) within sight
‫ قيد‬qaida (prep.) under subject to, the
object of, in the process of, in the stage
of│ ‫( المشروع قيد الدرس‬dars) the project is
being studied, is under consideration;
‫( المسألة قيد البحث‬mas’ala, baḥt) the affair is
subject to investigation, is being
investigated
‫ قيدى‬qaidī booking-, registration, (in
compounds), e.g., ‫ رسوم قيدية‬booking fees,
registration fees
‫ تقييد‬taqyīd pl. –āt, ‫ تقاييد‬taqāyīd2
fattering, shackling, tying, binding;
reservation, qualification; limitation,
restriction, confinement, curtailment;
entry, registry, registration, booking│‫تقييد‬
‫ النسل‬t. an-nas1 birth control; ‫رسم التقييد‬
rasm al-t. registration fee
‫ تقيد‬taqayyud pl. -āt a being bound,
obligation, tie, bond; restriction,
limitation, confinement
‫ مقيد‬muqayyad fettered, shackled, bound,
tied, tied down; limited, restricted,
confined; booked, registered│‫غير مقيد‬
unlimited, unrestricted; ‫( ملك مقيد‬mulk)
constitutional monarchy
2
‫ قياد‬and ‫ قيادة‬see ‫قود‬
‫ قير‬II to tar, pitch (‫ ھـ‬s.th.)
‫ قار‬qār end ‫ قير‬qīr tar; pitch
‫ قيراط‬qīrāṯ pl. ‫ قراريط‬qarārīt2 inch; a dry
measure (Eg. = 1/33 ٠.٠٦٤ = ‫ قدح‬l); a
square measure (Eg. = 1/24 ١٧٥.٠٣٥ = ‫فدان‬
m2); karat, a weight (Eg. = 1/16 = ‫درھم‬
٠.١٩٥ g)
‫ قيروان‬qairawān pl. -āt caravan
‫ القيروان‬al-qairawān Kairouan (city in
NE Tunisia)
(‫ قيس( قاس‬qāsa i (qais, ‫ قياس‬qiyās) to measure,
gauge, measure out (‫ ھـ‬s.th.), take the
measurements (‫ ھـ‬of); to try on (‫ ھـ‬a
garment); to weigh, judge (‫ ھـ‬s.th., ‫ على‬،‫ب‬
by analogy with s.th. else), drew
analogous conclusions (‫ على‬from s.th., ‫ھـ‬
for s.th. else); to compare, correlate, bring
into relation (‫ على‬or ‫ ب ھـ‬s.th. with, also ‫الى‬
‫)ھـ‬, proportion (‫ على‬or y ‫ ھـ‬s.th. to, also ‫الى‬
‫ ھـ(│وقس عليه‬wa-qis ‘alaihī end so forth II
to measure (‫ ھـ‬s.th.) III to compare (‫بين‬
‫ الشيئين‬between two things, ‫ ھـ‬s.th., ‫ الى‬or ‫ب‬
with or to) VIII to measure (‫ ھـ‬s.th.); to
imitate, follow (‫ ب‬s.o.), take after s.o. (‫)ب‬
‫ قياس‬qiyās pl. -āt, ‫ اقيسة‬aqyisa measure,
measurement, dimension; scale; exemplar,
example; reference, relation; record
(athlet.); comparison; analogy; deduction
by analogy│‫ قياسا على ذلك‬by analogy (with
it), analogously (to it); correspondingly;
‫ بالقياس الى‬in comparison with, (as)
compared to; in proportion to, in relation
804 with; with reference to, with respect
to, with regard to; ‫ على القياس‬by analogy;
regular; after the model, accordant with
the model; ‫ بغير قياس‬illogical; ‫ أخذ قياسه‬to
take s.o.’s measure (tailor); ‫متناسب القياس‬
mutanāsib al-q. fitting together, well
matched; equal in proportion,
commensurate, commensurable; ‫قياس عالمى‬
(‘ālamī) world record; ‫ قياس فاسد‬wrong
inference, false conclusion, fallacy,
sophism, paralogism; ‫ شريط القياس‬tape
measure, tapeline
‫ قياسى‬qiyāsī accordant with analogy,
analogous; consistent with the model,
 pattern, rule, or norm; comparable, by
comparison; logical│‫( رقم قياسى‬raqm)
record (athlet.)
‫ قياس‬qayyās land surveyor, geodesist
‫ مقياس‬miqyās pl. ‫ مقاييس‬maqāyīs2
measure, measurement; amount, quantity,
magnitude; measuring instrument, gauge,
water gauge, tide gauge; scale (e.g., of a
map); standard; standard of judging,
criterion; unit of measure; ‫المقياس‬
Nilometer│ ‫ تحت المقياس‬substandard; O
‫ مقياس التيار‬m. at-tayyār ammeter; O ‫مقياس‬
‫ الجھد‬m. al-jahd voltmeter; O ‫مقياس الحرارة‬
m. al-ḥarāra thermometer; O ‫مقياس الزلزال‬
m. az-zalāzil seismograph, seismometer;
O ‫ مقياس الزوايا‬m. az-zawāyā protactor; O
‫ مقياس الكھربائية‬m. al-kahrabā’īya
electrometer; O ‫ مقياس المطر‬m. al-maṯar
rain gauge, pluviometer, ombrometer,
ombrograph; O ‫ مقياس المغنطيسية‬m. al-
magnaṯīya magnetometer; ‫ مقياس التنفس‬m.
at-tanaffus spirometer; ‫مقاييس االطوال‬
measures of length, linear measures; ‫مقاييس‬
‫ المسطحات‬m. al-musaṯṯaḥāt square
measures; O ‫ مقاييس السطوح‬do.; ‫مقاييس الحجم‬
m. al-ḥajm cubic measures; ‫ مقاييس الكيل‬m.
al-kail measures of capacity, dry
measures, liquid measures
‫مقاس‬maqās pl. –āt measuring,
mensuration; gauging; measurement,
dimension, size; pl. ‫مقاسات‬dimensions
‫ مقايسة‬muqāyasa measuring,
mensuration, gauging; comparison;
appraisal, valuation, estimation by
analogy; (preliminary) estimate (of coots);
relation, rate, rates, proportion; detailed
listing, specification; itemized list (of
services, quantities, prices)
‫ قيسرى‬qaisarī pl. ‫ قياسر‬qayāsir2, ‫ قياسرة‬qayāsira
big, large, huge, enormous
2
‫ قيسرية‬qaisarīya Caesarea (ancient
seaport in Palestine)
‫ قياسرية‬qayāsirīya pl. ‫ قياسر‬qaysir2 large
block of public buildings with stores,
workshops, etc., roofed market place,
bazaar; qaisarīya2 Caesarea (ancient
seaport in Palestine)
‫ قايش‬pl. ‫ قوايش‬look up alphabetically
‫ قيشانى‬qīšānī faience; porcelain, china
‫ قيصانة‬qaiṣāna sunfish, moonfish
‫ قيصر‬qaiṣar pl. ‫ قياصر‬qayāṣir2, ‫قياصرة‬qayāṣira
Caesar; emperor, kaiser; tsar
‫ قيصرى‬qaiṣarī Caesarean; imperial;
tsarist│ ‫‘( العملية القيصرية‬amalīya)
Caesarean section (med.)
‫ قيصرية‬qaiṣarīya kaiserdom, Caesarism,
imperialism, empire; imperial dignity;
tsarism; Caesarean section (med.); large
lock of public buildings with stores,
workshops, etc., roofed marked place,
bazaar; Caesarea (ancient seaport in
Palestine)
‫ )قاض )قيض‬qaḍā i (qaiḍ) to break, crack, split,
cleave, burst open (‫ ھـ‬s.th); to get broken,
crack, burst; to exchange (‫ من ھـ‬s.th. for) II
to foreordain, destine (‫ ل ھـ‬s.th. to s.o.; of
God); to lead, send (‫ ه‬s.o., ‫ ل‬to s.o; of
God) III to exchange, give in exchange (‫ب‬
‫ ھـ ه‬to s.o. s.th. for) V and VII to burst,
crack, get broken, break; to collapse, fall
in, cave in, tumble down 805
‫ قيض‬qaiḍ eggshell; barter, exchange;
article of exchange, barter object,
equivalent
‫ قياض‬qiyāḍ barter, exchange
‫ مقايضة‬muqāyaḍa barter, exchange;
barter trade, bartering; trading, barter (Isl.
Law); compensation, barter transaction,
barter deal
‫ قيطان‬see ‫قطن‬
‫ قيطوس‬qīṯūs Cetus (astron.)
‫ قيظ‬qaiẓ heat of summer; high summer, mid-
summer, dog days; lack of rain, drought,
aridity│ ‫ قيظ النھار‬q. an-nahār daytime heat
‫ مقيظ‬maqīẓ summer residence
‫قائظ‬qā’iẓ scorchingly hot, midsummery,
canicular
‫ قيف‬II to follow (‫ ھـ‬s.o.’s tracks); to study,
examine, investigate (‫ ھـ‬s.th.); to criticize (
‫ ھـ‬s.th.)
‫ قيافة‬qiyāfa tracking, pursuit (of a track);
make-up, guise, costume
‫ قيقب‬qaiqab maple (bot.)
1
‫ )قال )قيل‬qāla i (qail, ‫ قائلة‬qā’ila, ‫قيلولة‬qailūla,
‫ قيل‬qīl) to take a midday nap; to hold siesta
 II do. IV to abolish, repeal, annul (‫ ھـ‬s.th.);
to cancel, abrogate, rescind, revoke (‫ھـ‬
s.th., esp. a sale); to depose, dismiss,
discharge (‫ ھـ‬s.o.; also with ‫ من المنصب‬min
al-manṣib from his office); to free,
release, exempt (‫ ه‬s.o., ‫ من‬from an
obligation)│‫‘( اقال ﷲ عثرتك‬atrataka) may
God regard your offence as undone; ‫اقاله‬
‫‘( من عثرته‬atratihī) to steady one who has
stumbled X to demand the cancellation,
seek the abrogation (‫ ھـ‬of a sale); to ask (‫ه‬
s.o.) for exemption, release, or annulment;
to request to be released from office,
tender one’s resignation, resign (‫ من‬or ‫عن‬
from an office); to resign one’s
commission, quit the service; to ask s.o.’s
(‫ )ه‬pardon, apologize (‫ ه‬to s.o.)
‫ قيل‬qail pl. ‫ اقيال‬aqyāl princeling; chief,
chieftain
‫ قيلولة‬qailūla siesta; midday nap
‫ مقيل‬maqīl resting place, halting place
‫ اقالة‬iqāla cancellation, abrogation,
rescission, revocation (esp. of a sale);
abolishment, abolition, repeal, annulment;
deposition, dismissal, discharge from an
office
‫ استقالة‬istiqāla resignation, withdrawal
(from office); retirement
‫ قائلة‬qā’la midday nap; noon, midday
‫ مستقيل‬mustaqīl resigned from office,
retired, discharged
2
‫ قيلة‬qīla, ‫( قيلة مائية‬mā’īya) hydrocele (med.)
‫ قيم‬،‫ قيمة‬،‫ قيام‬and ‫ قيوم‬see ‫قوم‬
‫ قين‬qain pl. ‫ قيون‬quyūn blacksmith
‫ قينة‬qaina pl. -āt, ‫ قيان‬qiyān songstress,
singer; lady’s maid
‫ مقينة‬muqayyina lady’s maid
‫ك‬
‫ ك‬ka (with foll. genit.) as, like; all but, as good
as; as, in my (your, etc.) capacity of │
‫ كاألول‬ka-l-awwali as before, as at the
beginning, as from the outset; ‫ كھذا‬ka-hādā
such, e.g., ‫ رجل كھذا‬rajulun kahādā such a
man, a man like this; ‫ھم كالمجمعين على ذلك‬
(ka-l-mujmi‘īna) they are as good as
unanimous about it, they are 806
practically agreed on it; ‫ انا كمسلم‬anā
kamuslimin I (in my capacity) as a
Muslim
‫ كأن‬ka-anna (conj. introducing a
nominal clause) as if, as though; it is
(was) as if │ ‫ كأني بھا‬ka-annī bihā (with
imperf.) it is like seeing her before me; I
am under the impression that she …, it
looks to me as if she ...
‫ كذا‬ka-dā so, thus, that way; so and so,
such and such, so-and-so much, so-and-so
many │ ‫ كذا مكذا‬so and so, such and such,
so-and-so much, so-and-so many; ‫وكذا‬
‫ بمكان كذا‬bi-makāni k. at such and such a
place; ‫‘ عمره كذا سنوات‬umruhū k. sanawāt
his age is so-and-so many years
‫ كذلك‬ka-dālika so, like this, thus;
equally; likewise
‫ كما‬ka-mā (conj. introducing a verbal
clause) as, just as, as also, as on the other
hand; (introducing a main clause) equally,
likewise, as well │ ‫ كما ان‬ka-mā anna
(introducing a nominal clause) as, just as
quite as, as also, as on the other hand; ‫كما‬
‫ ھو‬such as it is; as things are, such being
the matter; ‫ كما لو كان حاضرا‬if as if he were
present
‫ مدينة الكاب‬madīnat al-kāb Cape Town
‫ كئب‬ka’iba a (‫ كأب‬ka’b, ‫ كأبة‬ka’ba, ‫ كآبة‬ka’āba)
to be dejected, dispirited, downcast, sad (
‫ على‬about, ‫ ل‬because of), be worried (‫ ل‬by,
because of) IV to sadden, aggrieve,
distress, worry (‫ ه‬s.o.); to depress,
dishearten, discourage (‫ ه‬s.o.) VIII to be
dejected, dispirited, downcast, sad (‫على‬
about, ‫ ل‬because of), be worried (‫ ل‬by,
because of); to be gloomy
‫ كأب‬ka’b, ‫ كأبة‬ka’ba, ‫ كآبة‬ka’āba and
‫ اكتئاب‬ikti’āb sorrow, grief, distress,
sadness, dejection, depression, gloom,
melancholy
‫ كئب‬ka’ib and ‫ كئيب‬ka’īb sad, dispirited,
dejected, downcast, depressed,
melancholy; gloomy, morose; grave
‫ مكتئب‬mukta’ib sad, dispirited, dejected,
downcast, depressed, melancholy;
gloomy, morose; grave; dark-colored,
blackish, dismal
1
‫( كابل‬Fr. cable) kabil cable
2
‫ كابل‬kābul2 Kabul (capital of Afghanistan)
‫ ابلي‬kābūlī Kabuli, of Kabul; (eg.)
mahogany wood
‫( كابين‬Fr. cabine) kābīn pl. ‫ كبائن‬kabā’in2, ‫كباين‬
kabāyin2 cabin
‫ كاتدرائية‬kātidrā’īya cathedral
‫ كاثوليكي‬kātūlīkī Catholic; a Catholic; see also
‫كثلك‬
‫ كاخية‬kākiya pl. ‫ كواخ‬kawākin butler, steward
1 ‫ كامبوديا‬kambōdiyā Cambodia
‫ كاد‬kād anacardium (bot.) │ ‫( كاد ھندي‬hindī)
cashew tree (Anacardium occidentale;
bot.)
2
‫ كأد‬ka’ada a to be sad, distressed, worried
‫ كأداء‬ka’dā’2 sadness, sorrow, distress,
grief; fear; dark night │ ‫‘( عقبة كأداء‬aqaba)
insurmountable obstacle
‫ كؤود‬ka’ūd: ‫‘( عقبة كؤود‬aqaba)
insurmountable obstacle
‫( كادر‬Fr. cadre) kādir cadre (of a
military unit, of a governmental agency,
of a corporation, etc.), skeleton
organization, skeleton unit, skeleton crew
(of a naval unit)
‫ كادميوم‬kadmiyom cadmium
‫ كار‬kār pl. -āt work, job, occupation,
business; calling, vocation, profession,
trade │ ‫ ابن كار‬ibn k. (eg.) artisan,
craftsman; ‫ ارباب الكارات‬artisans, craftsmen;
‫‘ عداوة الكار‬adāwat al-k. professional
jealousy, trade rivalry 807
‫ كارتون‬kartōn cardboard, pasteboard; (pl. -āt)
carton
‫ كاردينال‬kardīnāl pl. ‫ كرادلة‬karādila cardinal
‫ كارى = كرى‬karrī curry
‫ كاريكاتورية‬karīkātūrīya caricature, cartoon
‫ كاز = غاز‬gāz gas
‫ كازينو‬kāzīnō pl. ‫ كازينوھات‬kāzīnōhāt casino
‫ كأس‬ka’s f., pl. ‫ كؤوس‬ku’ūs, ‫ كئاس‬ki’ās, ‫كأسات‬
ka’sāt cup; drinking glass, tumbler;
goblet; chalice, calix; calyx (bot.)
‫ كساتا‬kāsātā cassata (Italian ice cream)
‫ كاغط‬kāgiṭ (mor.) paper
‫ كاف‬kāf name of the letter ‫ك‬
‫ كافور‬kāfūr camphor, camphor tree; (eg.) blue
gum (Eucalyptus globulus Lab.; bot.)
‫ كاكنج‬kākinj, kākanj alkekengi, ground cherry
(Physalis alkekengi; bot.)
‫( كالو‬It. callo) kallō pl. ‫ كالوھات‬corn (on the
toes)
‫ كالون‬gālōn gallon; -- (eg.) kālūn and ‫كيلون‬
kailūn pl. ‫ كوالين‬kawālīn2 lock (of a door)
‫ كواليني‬kawālīnī pl. -ya locksmith
‫( كامبيو‬It. cambio) kombiyō rate of exchange
‫ كامخ‬kāmak, kāmik pl. ‫ كوامخ‬kawāmik2 vinegar
sauce, pickle; (mixed) pickles
‫ كاميرا‬kāmērā camera
‫ كاميه‬kāmīh cameo (precious stone)
‫ سوق الكانتو‬sūq al-kantō rag fair, secondhand
market
‫ كانتين‬kantīn post exchange, canteen
‫ كاھية‬kāhiya pl. ‫ كواه‬kawāhin chief officer of a
‫ كھاية‬kihāya (Tun.); deputy, vice-, under-,
sub- (Tun.)
‫ كاوتشق‬kautšuq rubber, caoutchouc
‫ كب‬kabba u (kabb) to prostrate, throw prostrate
(‫ لوجھه‬li-wajhihī or ‫ على وجھه ه‬s.o.); to
overturn, overthrow, topple, upset,
capsize, turn upside down, revert, invert (
‫ ھـ‬s.th.); to pour out, pour away (‫ ھـ‬a
liquid) II to ball, roll or form into a ball,
conglomerate (‫ ھـ‬s.th.) IV to throw down,
prostrate, bend down, bow down (‫ ه‬s.o.);
to throw o.s. down, prostrate o.s.; to bend,
bow, lean (‫ على‬over s.th.); to apply o.s.
eagerly, devote o.s., dedicate o.s. (‫ على‬to
s.th.) VII to fall prostrate (‫ ;)على وجھه‬to
throw o.s. down, prostrate o.s.; to bend,
bow, lean (‫ على‬over); to apply o.s. eagerly,
devote o.s., dedicate o.s. (‫ على‬to); to nestle
(‫ على‬against); to be reverted, be inverted,
be overturned, be upset, be toppled, get
knocked over; to be poured away │ ‫انكب‬
‫( على قدميه‬qadamaihi) to throw o.s. at s.o.’s
feet, prostrate o.s. before s.o.
‫ كب‬kabb prostration; overthrow,
overturn, reversal; bending, tilting,
inclination
 ‫ كبة‬kubba pl. ‫ كبب‬kubab ball; clew,
hank; ball of thread, hank of yarn; (syr.,
ir.) a kind of meatballs made of bulgur,
onions, minced meat and piñons; (eg.)
bubo, plague boil
‫ كباب‬kabāb fried or broiled meat;
cabobs, meat roasted in small pieces on a
skewer; a kind of meatballs made of finely
chopped meat (syr., eg.) │ ‫( كباب صيني‬ṣīnī;
eg.) cubeb (Piper cubeba Tr.; bot.)
‫ كبد‬kabada u i (kabd) to affect severely, afflict
‫ كبابة‬kabāba, kubāba cubeb (Piper
cubeba; bot.)
‫( كبيبة‬eg.) kubēba a kind of meatballs,
hamburgers │ ‫( كبيبة بطاطس‬eg.) baked
potato dough stuffed with minced meat,
meat patties
□ ‫ كباية‬kubbāya pl. -āt drinking glass,
tumbler 808
‫ مكب‬mikabb pl. -āt, ‫ مكاب‬makābb2 ball
of thread, hank of yarn; reel of thread,
bobbin, spool, reel
‫ اكباب‬ikbāb devotion, dedication (‫ على‬to
s.th.); occupation (‫ على‬with), pursuit (‫على‬
of)
‫ انكباب‬inkibāb devotion, dedication (‫على‬
to s.th.); occupation (‫ على‬with), pursuit (
‫ على‬of)
‫ مكب‬mukibb devoted, dedicated,
addicted, given over (‫ على‬to), intent (‫على‬
on), wholeheartedly engaged (‫ على‬in)
‫ منكب‬munkabb devoted, dedicated,
addicted, given over (‫ على‬to), intent (‫على‬
on), wholeheartedly engaged (‫ على‬in)
‫( كباريه‬Fr. cabaret) kabārēh pl. -āt cabaret
1
‫ كبت‬kabata i (kabt) to put down, crush,
suppress, repress, stifle, subdue, restrain,
curb (‫ ھـ‬s.th.) │ ‫( كبت غيظه في جوفه‬gaiẓahū
fī jaufihī) to suppress one’s anger; ‫كبت‬
‫( انفاسه‬anfāsahū) to get s.o. out of breath
‫ كبت‬kabt suppression, repression
2
‫ كبوت‬kabbūt pl. ‫ كبابيت‬kabābīt2 hood, cowl;
hooded mantle; top of a carriage or
automobile
‫ كبتولة‬kabtūla lump, chunk; ball; pellet
‫ مكبتل‬mukabtal round
‫( كبتن‬Engl.) kabtan captain (military rank)
‫ كبح‬kabaḥa a (kabḥ) to rein in (‫ ھـ‬a horse); to
check, curb, control (‫ ھـ‬s.th.); to hamper,
hinder, prevent, detain, restrain, hold back
(‫ عن ه‬s.o. from) │ ‫( كبح جماحه‬jimāḥahū) to
curb s.o.’s defiance, repress s.o. or s.th.
‫ كبح‬kabḥ curbing, checking, subdual,
restraint, control; suppression, repression;
hindering, prevention
O ‫ مكبح‬mikbaḥ brake (of an automobile)
gravely, wear out, wear down (‫ ه‬s.o.; of
pain, losses, etc.) II to cause (‫ ھـ ه‬to s.o.
s.th., esp. losses), inflict (‫ ھـ ه‬upon s.o.
s.th., esp. losses); to culminate, pass
through the meridian (star); to reach its
climax III to bear, suffer, endure, undergo,
sustain, stand (‫ ھـ‬s.th.) V to bear, suffer,
endure, undergo, sustain, stand (‫ ھـ‬losses,
hardships, etc.); to have to take upon o.s. (
‫ ھـ‬s.th.), be exposed (‫ ھـ‬to); to bear, defray
(‫ ھـ‬costs); to take up the center, step into
the middle (‫ ھـ‬of a place); to be in the
zenith, culminate
‫ كبد‬kabid, kabd, kibd m. and f., pl. ‫اكباد‬
akbād, ‫ كبود‬kubūd liver; interior, heart;
middle, center; -- kabid, kabad center of
the sky, zenith
‫ كباد‬kubād liver ailment
‫ كباد‬kabbād, kubbād name of several
citrus plants (Citrus medica Risso, Citrus
Bigaradia Duh., also Zollikoferia spinosa
B.; eg.); kabbād (syr.) citron (Citrus
medica)
1
‫ كبر‬kabara u (kabr) to exceed in age (‫ ب ه‬s.o.
by), be older (‫ ه‬than s.o., ‫ ب‬so-and-so
much); -- kabura u (kubr, kibar, ‫كبارة‬
kabāra) to be or become great, big, large;
to grow, increase, augment, become
greater, bigger or larger; to become
famous, gain significance, become
important; to become too great, too big,
toe large (‫ عن‬for s.th.); to disdain (‫عن‬
s.th.); to become toe oppressive, too
painful, too distressing, too burdensome;
to appear intolerable (‫ الى‬to s.o.); to
become too difficult, too hard (‫ الى‬for
s.o.), appear insurmountable (‫ الى‬to s.o.) II
to make great(er), big(ger), large(r),
enlarge, magnify, enhance, aggrandize (‫ھـ‬
s.th.); to extend, expand, widen, amplify (
‫ ھـ‬s.th.); to increase, augment (‫ ھـ‬s.th.); to
intensify (‫ ھـ‬s.th.); 809 to exaggerate, play
up (‫ ھـ‬s.th.); to aggravate, make worse (‫ھـ‬
s.th.); to praise, laud, extol, exalt, glorify,
celebrate (‫ ه‬s.o., ‫ ھـ‬s.th.); to exclaim
allāhu akbar III to treat haughtily, with
disdain, with contempt (‫ ه‬s.o.); to seek to
excel, try to surpass, strive to outdo (‫ه‬
s.o.); to contend, vie, strive, contest (‫ ه‬with
s.o.); to oppose, resist, contradict (‫ ه‬s.o.);
to renege, renounce (‫ ھـ‬s.th.), offend (‫ھـ‬
against), act contrary (‫ ھـ‬to); to stickle,
insist stubbornly on one’s opinion IV to
consider great, deem significant, regard as
formidable (‫ ھـ‬s.th.); to praise, laud, extol
(‫ ه‬s.o.); to show respect (‫ ه‬to s.o.), he
deferential (‫ ه‬toward s.o.); to admire (‫ھا‬
s.th.) V and VI to be proud or haughty,
give o.s. airs, swagger; to be overweening,
overbearing (‫ على‬toward s.o.) X to deem
great or important (‫ ھـ‬s.th.); to be proud,
haughty, display arrogance (‫ على‬toward
s.o.)
‫ كبر‬kibr bigness, largeness, magnitude;
greatness, eminence, grandeur;
significance, importance; standing,
prestige; nobility; pride, haughtiness,
presumption, arrogance
‫ كبر‬kubr greatness, eminence, grandeur;
bigness, largeness, magnitude; size, bulk,
extent, expanse; power, might; glory,
fame, renown, standing, prestige; nobility;
main part, bulk
‫ كبر‬kibar bigness, largeness,
magnitude; greatness, eminence,
grandeur; old age
‫ كبرة‬kabra old age
‫ كبير‬kabīr pl. ‫ كبار‬kibār, ‫ كبراء‬kubarā’2
great, big, large, sizable; bulky,
voluminous, spacious; extensive,
comprehensive; significant, considerable,
formidable, huge, vast, enormous;
powerful, influential, distinguished,
eminent; important; old │ ‫كبير امراء البحار‬
k. umara’ al-b. Admiral of the Fleet (Eg.);
‫ كبيرة الخدم‬k. al-kadam female head of the
houaehold staff; ‫ كبير األساقفة‬k. al-asāqifa
archbishop; ‫ كبير السن‬k. as-sinn old; ‫كبير‬
‫ القضاة‬k. al-quḍāh chief justice, chief
magistrate; ‫( ابو كبير‬abū) asafetida, devil’s
dung (pharm.); ‫ كل صغيرة وكبيرة‬every
single detail; ‫ كبار الضباط‬k. aḍ-ḍubbāṭ
senior officers; ‫ كبار الموظفين‬k. al-
muwaẓẓafīn senior officials; ‫ كبار الھيئات‬k.
al-hai’āt the leading personalities of
public corporations
‫ كبيرة‬kabīra pl. -āt, ‫ كبائر‬kabā’ir2, ‫كبر‬
kubur great sin, grave offense, Atrocious
crime
‫ كبار‬kubār, kubbār very great, very big,
huge
‫ كبرياء‬kibriyā’ grandeur, glory,
magnificence, majesty; pride, haughtiness,
presumption, arrogance
‫ اكبر‬akbar2 pl. -ūn, ‫ اكابر‬akābir2, f. ‫كبرى‬
kubrā, pl. ‫ كبريات‬kubrayāt greater, bigger,
larger; older; senior-ranking │ ‫المفتي األكبر‬
(muftī) grand mufti; ‫( سوريا الكبرى‬sūriyā)
Greater Syria; ‫ أكابر القوم‬a. al-qaum the
leaders of the people; ‫ األكابر واألعيان‬the
grandees and notables
‫ تكبير‬takbīr enlargement, increase,
augmentation, magnification;
enhancement, aggrandizement;
intensification, amplification;
exaggeration; augmentative (gram.);
praise, laudation, extolment, exaltation,
glorification; the exclamation ‫ﷲ اكبر‬
allāhu akbar
‫ مكابرة‬mukābara haughtiness,
superciliousness, overweening,
overbearingness; self-importance,
pomposity; stubbornness, obstinacy, self-
will
‫ اكبار‬ikbār admiration; deference,
respect, regard, esteem
‫ تكبر‬takabbur and ‫ تكابر‬takābur pride,
haughtiness, presumption, arrogance
‫ مكبر‬mukabbir pl. -āt O amplifier (el.)
│ ‫ مكبر الصوت‬m. aṣ-ṣaut or ‫مكبر صوت‬
(ṣautī) 810 loud-speaker (radio); ‫نظارة‬
‫( مكبرة‬naẓẓāra) magnifying glass
‫ مكبرة‬mukabbira pl. -āt magnifying
glass
‫ مكبر‬mukabbar enlarged, magnified │
‫( صورة مكبرة‬ṣūra) enlargement, blowup
(phot.); ‫ بصورة مكبرة‬increasingly, on a
larger scale, to an increasing degree
 ‫ مكابر‬mukābir presumptuous, arrogant,
supercilious, haughty, overweening;
quarrelsome, contentious, cantankerous;
self-willed, obstinate, stubborn; stickler
‫ متكبر‬mutakabbir proud, imperious,
high-handed, haughty, supercilious,
overweening
2 pressed; preserved, pickled; ‫مكبوسات‬
‫ كبر‬kabar capers; caper shrub
‫ كبرت‬kabrata to coat with sulfur (‫ ھـ‬s.th.); to
sulfurize, sulfurate (‫ ھـ‬s.th.); to vulcanize (
‫ ھـ‬s.th.)
‫ كبريت‬kibrīt sulfur; matches │ ‫عود كبريت‬
‘ūd k. matches, a match
‫ كبريتة‬kibrīta match, matchstick
‫ كبريتي‬kibrītī sulfureous, sulfurate,
sulfurous, sulfuric │ ‫( حمام كبريتي‬ḥammām)
sulfur bath; ‫( ينبوع كبريتي‬yanbū‘) sulfur
spring
‫ كبريتات‬kibrītāt sulfate
‫ كبري‬kubrī or ‫( كوبري‬from Turk. köprü) pl.
‫ كباري‬kabārī bridge; deck
‫ كبس‬kabasa i (kabs) to exert pressure (‫ على‬on),
press (‫ على‬s.th. or on s.th.), squeeze (‫على‬
s.th.); to attack, raid, take by surprise (‫ ھـ‬a
place); to intercalate (‫ السنة بيوم‬as-sanata
bi-yaumin a day in a leap year);
to preserve (in vinegar, or the like),
pickle (‫ ھـ‬s.th.); to marinate (‫ ھـ‬s.th.); to
conserve (‫ ھـ‬s.th.) II to press or squeeze
hard (‫ ھـ‬s.th.); to massage (‫ ه‬s.o.)
‫ كبس‬kabs pressure, squeeze, pressing;
raid, attack; preservation (esp. in vinegar),
pickling; intercalation (of a day; astron.)
‫ كبس‬kabsa (n. vic.) raid, surprise attack
‫ كباس‬kabbas piston; press; ramrod │ O
‫( موسى كباس‬mūsā) penknife
‫ كبيس‬kabīs preserved (esp. in vinegar),
pickled; pickled food, preserves;
intercalary, intercalated, interpolated │ ‫سنة‬
‫( كبيسة‬sana) leap year
‫ كابوس‬kābūs pl. ‫ كوابيس‬kawābīs2 night-
mare, incubus; terrible vision, phantom,
bugbear
‫ كبس‬mikbas pl. ‫ مكابس‬makābis2 or ‫مكباس‬
mikbās pl. ‫ مكابيس‬makābīs2 press; piston
(of a pump); ramrod │ ‫ مكبس القطن‬m. al-
quṭn cotton press; O ‫ مكبس الخطابات‬letter
press, copying press; O ‫( مكبس مائي‬mā’ī)
hydraulic press
‫ تكبيس‬takbīs massage
O ‫ آلة كابسة‬āla kābisa compressor
‫ مكبوس‬makbūs raided, attacked;
canned goods, conserves
‫ كبسول‬kabsūl or ‫ كبسولة‬kabsūla capsule;
percussion cap, primer, detonator; snap
fastener
‫ كبش‬kabaša u (kabš) to take a handful (‫ ھـ‬of
s.th.); to grasp with the hand, clench (‫ھـ‬
s.th.)
‫ كبش‬kabš pl. ‫ كباش‬kibāš, ‫ اكباش‬akbāš
ram, male sheep; bellwether; chieftain,
chief, head, leader; battering-ram; pile
driver; rammer; (pl. ‫ كبوش‬kubūš)buttress,
pier, stay, prop, support; mulberry │ ‫كبش‬
‫ التصادم‬k. at-taṣādum (pl. ‫ )كبوش‬bumper
(railroad); ‫ كبوش قرنفل‬k. qaranful cloves
‫ كبشة‬kabša a handful; grasp, grip
‫ كبشة‬kabša ladle, scoop
‫ كبشة‬kubša pl. ‫ كبش‬kubaš hook, clamp,
cramp, brace; clasp, brooch 811
‫ كبكب‬kabkaba to topple, upset, capsize,
overturn, turn upside down, revert, invert (
‫ ھـ‬s.th.); to spill (‫ ھـ‬s.th.)
‫ كبيكج‬kabīkaj Asiatic crowfoot (Ranunculus
Asiaticus; bot.)
1
‫ كبل‬kabala i (kabl) to put in irons, shackle,
fetter (‫ ه‬s.o.); to keep waiting (‫ ه‬s.o., ‫ ھـ‬for
s.th., esp. for the payment of a debt) II to
put in irons, shackle, fetter (‫ ه‬s.o.) III to
keep waiting (‫ ه‬s.o., ‫ ھـ‬for s.th., esp. for the
payment of a debt), defer, put off (‫ الدين‬ad-
daina the payment of a debt)
‫ كبل‬kabl, kibl pl. ‫ كبول‬kubūl leg iron,
chain, shackle, fetter
‫ كبولي‬kabūlī and ‫ كابولي‬kābūlī pl. ‫كوابيل‬
kawābīl2 bracket, corbel, console (arch.);
lean to roof, pent roof, shed roof (arch.)
2
‫ كابل‬and ‫ كابلي‬look up alphabetically
‫ كابين‬pl. ‫ كباين‬look up alphabetically
(‫ كبو( كبا‬kabā u (kabw, kubūw) to fall forward (‫ل‬
‫ وجھه‬li-wajhihī on one’s face); to stumble,
 trip, slip; -- u to empty (‫ ھـ‬a vessel), pour
out the contents (‫ ھـ‬of a vessel); to become
dim (light); to become dull, fade, lose
luster (color); to rise, swirl up (dust) IV to
fail, fail to produce a spark (lighter) VII to
fail headlong; to stumble, trip, slip
‫ كبوة‬kabwa (n. vic.) fall, tumble, drop;
stumble, trip, slip, false step; dust
‫ كاب‬kābin dull, dim, pale, dead, flat;
slack, weak, decrepit; see ‫كاب‬
alphabetically
‫ كباية‬see ‫كب‬
‫ كبوت‬see 2‫كبت‬
‫ كت‬katta i (katt) to hum softly
‫ كت‬katt and ‫ كتيت‬katīt soft humming
‫ كتالوج‬katālōg pl. -āt catalogue
‫ كتب‬kataba u (katb, ‫ كتبة‬kitba, ‫ كتابة‬kitāba) to
write, pen, write down, put down in
writing, note down, inscribe, enter, record,
book, register (‫ ھـ‬s.th.); to compose, draw
up, indite, draft (‫ ھـ‬s.th.); to bequeath,
make over by will (‫ ل ھـ‬s.th. to s.o.); to
prescribe (‫ على ھـ‬s.th. to s.o.); to
foreordain, destine (‫ ل‬or ‫ على ھـ‬s.th. to s.o.;
of God); pass. kutiba to be rated, be
foreordained, be destined (‫ ل‬to s.o.) │ ‫كتب‬
‫ على نفسه ان‬to be firmly resolved to ...,
make it one’s duty to ...; ‫ كتب عنه‬to write
from s.o.’s dictation; ‫( كتب كتابه‬kitābahū) to
draw up the marriage contract for s.o.,
marry s.o. (‫ على‬to) II to make (‫ ه‬s.o.) write
(‫ ھـ‬s.th.); to form or deploy in squadrons (
‫ ھـ‬troops) III to keep up a correspondence,
exchange letters, correspond (‫ ه‬with s.o.)
IV to dictate (‫ ھـ ه‬to s.o. s.th.), make (‫ه‬
s.o.) write (‫ ھـ‬s.th.) VI to write to each
other, exchange letters, keep up a
correspondence VII to subscribe VIII to
write (‫ ھـ‬s.th.); to copy (‫ ھـ‬s.th.), make a
copy (‫ ھـ‬of s.th.); to enter one’s name; to
subscribe (‫ ل‬for); to contribute, subscribe (
‫ ل ب‬money to); to be entered, be recorded,
be registered X to ask (‫ ه‬s.o.) to write (‫ھـ‬
s.th.); to dictate (‫ ھـ ه‬to s.o. s.th.), make (‫ه‬
s.o.) write (‫ ھـ‬s.th.); to have a copy made (
‫ ه‬by s.o.)
‫ كتاب‬kitāb pl. ‫ كتب‬kutub piece of
writing, record, paper; letter, note,
message; document, deed; contract (esp.
marriage contract); book; ‫ الكتاب‬the Koran;
the Bible │ ‫ اھل الكتب‬ahl a1-k. the people
of the Book, the adherents of a revealed
religion, the kitabis, i.e., Christians and
Jews; ‫ كتاب الزواج‬k. az-zawāj marriage
contract; ‫ كتاب الطالق‬k. aṭ-ṭalāq bill of
divorce; ‫( كتاب تعليمي‬ta‘līmī) textbook; ‫كتاب‬
‫ االعتماد‬credentials (dipl.); ‫ دار الكتب‬library
‫ كتبي‬kutubī pl. -ya bookseller, book-
dealer 812
‫ كتابخانة‬kitābkāna and ‫ كتبخانة‬kutubkāna
library; bookstore
‫ كتاب‬kuttāb pl. ‫ كتاتيب‬katātīb2 kuttab,
Koran school (lowest elementary school)
‫ كتيب‬kutayyib booklet
‫ كتابة‬kitāba (act or practice of) writing;
art of writing, penmanship; system of
writing, script; inscription; writing,
legend; placard, poster; piece of writing,
record, paper; secretariat; written amulet,
charm; pl. ‫ كتابات‬writings, essays; ‫كتابة‬
kitābatan in writing │ ‫ بالكتابة‬written; ‫بدون‬
‫ كتابة‬bi-dūn k. unwritten, oral; blank; ‫كتابة‬
‫ التاريخ‬historiography, historical writing;
‫ كتابة الدولة‬k. ad-daula (Magr.) secretariat
of stae; ‫‘( كتابة عامة‬āmma) secretariat
general; ‫ اسم الكتابة‬ism al-k. pen name, nom
de plume; ‫ آلة الكتابة‬typewriter; ‫لغة الكتابة‬
lugat al-k. literary language; ‫ورق الكتابة‬
waraq al-k. writing paper
‫ كتابي‬kitābī written, in writing; clerical;
literary; scriptural, relating to the revealed
Scriptures (Koran, Bible); kitabi, adherent
of a revealed religion; the written part (of
an examination) │ ‫( اسلوب كتابي‬uslūb)
literary style; ‫( غلطة كتابية‬galṭa) slip of the
pen, clerical error; ‫ اعمال كتابية‬clerical
work, office work, desk work; ‫الكمال الكتابي‬
(kamāl) literary perfection; ‫( لغة كتابية‬luga)
literary language; ‫( موظف كتابي‬muwaẓẓaf)
clerk, clerical worker (of a government
office)
‫ كتيبة‬katība pl. ‫ كتائب‬katā’ib2 squadron;
cavalry detachment; (Eg. 1939) battalion,
(Ir. after 1922) regiment, (later) battalion,
(Syr.) battalion of armored, cavalry, or
motorized, unite (mil.); (piece of) writing,
record, paper, document; written amulet
‫ مكتب‬maktab pl. ‫ مكاتب‬makātib2 office;
bureau; business office; study; school,
 elementary school; department, agency,
office; desk │ ‫ مكتب األخبار‬and ‫مكتب األنباء‬
news agency, press agency, wire service;
‫ مكتب البريد‬post office; ‫مكتب البريد الرئيسي‬
(ra’īsī) main post office; ‫ مكتب البرق‬m. al-
barq telegraph office; ‫ مكتب التحرير‬editorial
room; ‫ مكتب التليفونات‬telephone central
office; ‫ مكتب السفريات‬m. as-safarīyāt (syr.)
travel agency; ‫ مكتب الصحة‬m. aṣ-ṣiḥḥa
board of health; ‫مكتب االستعالمات‬
information office, information desk;
news agency, press agency, wire service
‫ مكتبة‬maktaba pl. -āt, ‫ مكاتب‬makātib2
library; bookstore; desk
O ‫ مكتاب‬miktāb typewriter
‫ مكاتبة‬mukātaba exchange of letters,
correspondence
‫ اكتتاب‬iktitāb enrollment, registration,
entering (of one’s name); -- (pl. -āt)
subscription; contribution (of funds)
‫ استكتاب‬istiktāb dictation
‫ استكتابي‬istiktābī: ‫ آلة استكتابية‬dictaphone
‫ كاتب‬kātib pl. -ūn, ‫ كتاب‬kuttāb, ‫كتبة‬
kataba writer; scribe, scrivener; secretary;
clerk typist; office worker, clerical
employee; clerk, registrar, actuary, court
clerk; notary; writer, author │ ‫ كاتب الدولة‬k.
ad-daula (Mag.) (under)secretary of state;
‫ كاتب السر‬k. s-sirr private secretary; ‫كاتب‬
‫( قصصي‬qiṣaṣī) writer, novelist; ‫كاتب المحكمة‬
k. al-mahkama court clerk; ‫آلة كاتبة‬
typewriter
‫ كاتبة‬kātiba pl. -āt woman secretary;
authoress, writer
‫ مكتوب‬maktūb written, written down,
recorded; fated, foreordained, destined (‫ل‬
or ‫ على‬to s.o.); s.th. written, writing; -- (pl.
‫ مكاتيب‬makātīb2) a writing, message, note;
letter
‫ مكاتب‬mukātib correspondent;
(newspaper) reporter
‫ مكتتب‬muktatib subscriber 813
‫ كتابخانة‬and ‫ كتبخانة‬see ‫كتب‬
‫ اكتع‬akta’ pl. ‫ كتع‬kut’ having crippled fingers;
one-armed
‫ كتف‬katafa i (katf) to fetter, shackle (‫ ه‬s.o., esp.
by tying his hands); to tie up, bind (‫ھـ‬
s.th.) II to tie the hands behind the back;
to cross, fold (‫ ھـ‬hands, arms behind the
back or in front of the chest) V and X to
cross or fold one’s arms VI to stand
shoulder to shoulder; to support one
another; to be united in solidarity, stand
together
‫ كتف‬katif, katf, kitf pl. ‫ اكتاف‬aktāf, ‫كتفة‬
kitafa shoulder; shoulder blade, scapula;
mountain slope; O end support of a
bridge; (pl. ‫ اكتاف‬aktāf) buttress, pier │ ‫ما‬
‫( ھكذا تؤكل الكتف‬tu’kalu) that’s certainly not
the way to do it! that’s no way to handle
it!
‫ كتاف‬kitāf pl. ‫ كتف‬kutuf shackle,
manacle, handcuff
‫ كتف‬aktaf2, f. ‫ كتفاء‬katfā’2, pl. ‫ كتف‬kutf
broad-shouldered
1
‫ كتكت‬katkat floss, silk waste
2
‫ كتكوت‬katkūt pl. ‫ كتاكيت‬katākīt2 chicken, chick
‫ كتل‬katala u (katl) and II to agglomerate,
conglomerate, gather into a compact mass,
press into a lump (‫ ھـ‬s.th.) V to be heaped
up, piled up, agglomerated, clustered,
clotted, massed, pressed into a compact
mass or lump; to agglomerate, cluster,
clot, pile up, gather in a mass; to unite in a
bloc or group
‫ كتلة‬kutla pl. ‫ كتل‬kutal lump, chunk,
clod, clot; bulk, mass; cube; block; bloc;
beam, joist, transom, lintel, girder │ ‫كتل‬
‫( بشرية‬bašarīya) crowds, throngs, masses;
‫ كتلة الجسد‬kutlat al-jasad bulk of the body,
frame; ‫( كتلة من األعصاب‬a‘ṣāb) a fearless,
husky fellow; ‫( الكتلة الوطنية‬waṭanīya) the
National Bloc
‫ مكتل‬miktal pi. ‫ مكاتل‬makatil2 large
basket
‫ تكتل‬takattul formation of blocs (pol.) │
‫ سياسة التكتل‬policy of blocs (pol.)
‫ متكتل‬mutakattil clotted, lumpy,
agglomerate, clustered, massed;
concentrated, compact; burly, husky,
stocky, heavily built (body)
‫ كتم‬katama u (katm, ‫ كتمان‬kitmān) to hide (‫ھـ‬
s.th., ‫ عن‬from s.o.); to conceal, secrete,
keep secret (‫ ھـ‬s.th., ‫ عن‬from s.o.); to
suppress, repress, restrain, check, curb,
subdue (‫ ھـ‬anger, passion); to hold (‫ھـ‬
 one’s breath); to lower, muffle (‫ ھـ‬the
voice); to stifle, smother, quench (‫ ھـ‬fire)
│ ‫ كتم انفاسه‬to take s.o.’s breath away, drive
s.o. out of his senses II to hide, conceal (‫ھـ‬
s.th.) III to hide, conceal, keep, withhold (
‫ ھـ ه‬from s.o. s.th.) V to keep silent, hold
one’s tongue, keep mum VIII = II X to ask
(‫ ه‬s.o.) to keep (‫ ه‬a secret); to confide (‫ھـ ه‬
to s.o. s.th.)
‫ كتم‬katm and ‫ كتمان‬kitmān secrecy,
concealment, secretion, silence; restraint,
control, suppression (esp. of an emotion)
‫ كتيم‬katīm shut tight, hermetically
sealed, impenetrable, impermeable,
impervious
‫ كتوم‬katūm reticent, reserved, secretive,
uncommunicative, taciturn, discreet
‫ كتام‬kitām (eg.) constipation
‫ تكتم‬takattum secrecy, secretiveness,
reticence, reserve, taciturnity, discretion
‫ اكتتام‬iktitām concealment, secretion,
secrecy, silence
‫ كاتم‬kātim: ‫ كاتم السر‬k. as-sirr (private)
secretary
‫ مكتوم‬maktūm hidden, concealed, kept,
preserved (secret); (eg.) constipated 814
1
‫ كتن‬katina a (katan) to be dirty, soiled,
smutty, blackened by soot II to smut, soil (
‫ ھـ‬s.th.)
‫ كتن‬katan dirt, smut, soot
2
‫ كتان‬kattān (kittān) flax; linen
‫ كتاني‬kattānī made of linen, linen (adj.)
3
‫( كتينة‬It. catena) katīna (watch) chain
‫ كث‬katta i a (‫ كثث‬katat, ‫ كثاثة‬katāta, ‫كثوثة‬
kutūta) to be thick or dense (esp. hair)
‫ كثث‬katat thickness, density
‫ كث‬katt and ‫ كثيث‬katīt thick, dense,
thick-grown, densely crowded
‫ كثب‬katab nearness, proximity, vicinity │ ‫على‬
‫ كثب من‬and ‫ عن كثب من‬in the vicinity (or
neighborhood) of, near; ‫ من )عن( كثب‬from
nearby, at a short distance
‫ كثيب‬katīb pl. ‫ اكثبة‬aktiba, ‫ كثب‬kutub,
‫ كثبان‬kutbān sandhill, dune
‫ كثر‬katara u (katr) to outnumber, exceed in
number (‫ ه‬,‫ ھـ‬s.o., s.th.) – katura u (‫كثرة‬
katra) to be much, many or numerous; to
be more (‫ عن‬than); to happen frequently,
occur often; to increase, augment,
multiply, grow II to increase, augment,
compound, multiply (‫ ھـ‬s.th.) III to
outnumber, exceed in number (‫ ه‬,‫ ھـ‬s.o.,
s.th.); to vie in quantity or number (‫ ه‬,‫ھـ‬
with) IV to do much (‫ من‬in or of s.th.); to
give much or frequently (‫ من ل‬to s.o. of
s.th.); to do constantly,
always or frequently (‫ من‬or ‫ في‬s.th.); to
increase, augment (‫ ھـ‬s.th.) VI to band
together, form a gang, rally (‫ على‬against)
X = IV; to regard as too much, deem
excessive, find exorbitant (‫ ھـ‬s.th.); to
regard as too high, as too troublesome (‫ھـ‬
s.th.); to think not worth the trouble (‫ھـ‬
s.th., ‫ على‬with regard to s.o.); to begrudge
(‫ ھـ على‬s.o. s.th.); to demand much, ask for
a lot │ ‫( استكثر بخيره‬bi-kairihī) to thank s.o.
‫ كثر‬kutr large quantity, abundance,
plenty; major portion, greater part
‫ كثرة‬katra large quantity, great number,
multitude, abundance, copiousness,
numerousness, frequency, multiplicity,
plurality; majority, major portion (‫ من‬of)
│ ‫ بكثرة‬plentifully, abundantly, a lot; ‫جمع‬
‫ الكثرة‬jam‘ al-k. plural of multitude (gram.)
‫ كثير‬katīr pl. ‫ كثار‬kitār much, many,
numerous, abundant, plentiful, copious;
frequent; a large portion, a great deal, a
great many, a lot; ‫ الكثير‬the most part, most
(‫ من‬of); ‫ كثيرا‬katīran very, much, to a large
extent; often, frequently │ ‫ كثيرا ما‬katīran
mā often, frequently; ‫( بكثير‬after a
comparative) far, by far; ‫ الكثيرون‬،‫الكثير من‬
‫ من‬the majority of, most of; plenty of, a
great many, a lot of; ‫ كثير على‬too much for;
‫ الشيء الكثير‬most of it; ‫ ھذا كثير‬that’s pretty
strong! that’s laying it on thick! ‫في كثير من‬
‫ األوقات‬and ‫ في احيان كثيرة‬frequently, often
‫ كثيراء‬katīrā’2 tragacanth (Astragalus
gummifer Lab.; bot.); gum obtained from
tragacanth
‫ اكثر‬aktar2 more; oftener, more
frequently; more numerous; longer; most;
major portion, greater part, majority;
‫ األكثرون‬the majority, most of them │ ‫اكثر‬
‫ فاكثر‬more and more; ‫ على األكثر‬at most;
latest; ‫ اكثر األمر‬aktara l-amr at best; ‫اكثر من‬
‫ ذلك‬besides, moreover
‫ اكثرية‬aktarīya majority
‫ مكثار‬miktār very talkative, garrulous
‫ تكثير‬taktīr increase, augmentation,
multiplication. propagation, ample
provision, abundant supply
‫ اكثار‬iktār increase, augmentation,
multiplication, propagation, ample
provision, abundant supply; raising,
increase (esp. of the yield) 815
‫ تكاثر‬takātur growth, increase;
multiplication, propagation, proliferation
‫ مكثر‬muktir rich, well-to-do
‫ متكاثر‬mutakātir numerous, extensive;
manifold, multifarious, multiple │ ‫متكاثر‬
‫ الرقاع‬m. ar-riqā‘ patched in numerous
places
‫ كثف‬katufa u (‫ كثافة‬katāfa) to be thick or
dense; to thicken, be condensed, become
thicker or denser II to make thick or
dense, thicken, compress, solidify,
concentrate (‫ ھـ‬s.th.); to inspissate,
condense (‫ ھـ‬s.th.); O (el.) to increase the
capacity V and VI to grow denser, become
concentrated; to thicken, become viscous;
to be condensed
‫ كثيف‬katīf pl. ‫ كثاف‬kitāf thick; dense;
compact; heavy, coarse, crude; viscous,
sirupy (e.g., sauce)
‫ كثافة‬katāfa thickness; density;
heaviness; solidity, firmness;
compactness, fullness, intensity;
consistency, degree of density or
viscosity; O capacity (el.) │ ‫ كثافة السكان‬k.
as-sukkān density of population; O ‫كثافة‬
‫ الصوت‬k. aṣ-ṣaut sonority, sound intensity
‫ تكثيف‬taktīf compression, concentration,
solidification; condensation
‫ تكاثف‬takātuf concentration,
consolidation; condensation
‫ مكثف‬mukattif pl. -āt capacitor,
condenser │ ‫( مكثف متغير‬mutagayyir)
variable capacitor (radio)
‫ مكثف‬mukattaf condensed
‫ متكاثف‬mutahātif massing,
concentrating, gathering, piling up; dense
‫ كثلك‬II takatlaka to become (a) Catholic
‫ كثوليكي‬katūlīkī pl. ‫ كثلكة‬katlaka
Catholic; a Catholic
‫ الكثلكة‬al-katlaka Catholicism
‫ كثيراء‬katīrā’2 tragacanth (Astragalus gummifer
Lab.; bot.); gum obtained from tragacanth
‫ كح‬kaḥḥa u to cough
‫ كحة‬kuḥḥa cough
‫ كحت‬kaḥata a and II (eg.) to scrape off, scratch
off (‫ ھـ‬s.th.)
‫ كحكح‬kaḥkaḥa to cough, cough slightly, hack
‫ كحكحة‬kaḥkaḥa short, dry cough
‫ كحل‬kaḥala u a (kaḥl) and II to rub, paint or
smear (with kohl) (‫ ھـ‬the eyes) V and VIII
to color (the edges of) the eyelids with
kohl │ ‫( )ما اكتحل غماضا )غمضا‬gamīḍan,
gimāḍan, gumḍan) to find no sleep
‫ كحل‬kuḥl pl. ‫ اكحال‬akḥāl antimony; kohl,
a preparation of pulverized antimony used
for darkening (the edges of) the eyelids;
any preparation for coloring the eyelids
‫ كحل‬kaḥal black coloring (of the edges)
of the eyelids
‫ كحل‬kaḥil darkened with kohl, dyed
black (eyelids)
‫ كحلي‬kuḥlī dark blue, navy blue
‫ كحلة‬kuḥla (eg.) pointing, filling or
grouting of the joints (of a wall; masonry)
‫ اكحل‬akḥal2, f. ‫ كحالء‬kaḥlā’2, pl. ‫كحل‬
kuḥl black (eye); ‫ األكحل‬the medial arm
vein
‫ كحالء‬kaḥlā’ (eg.) a variety of blueweed
(Echium cericeum V.; bot.)
‫ كحيل‬kaḥīl pl. ‫ كحائل‬kaḥā’il2 black, dyed
black, darkened with kohl (eyelid); horse
of noblest breed
‫ كحول‬kuḥūl alcohol, spirit
‫ كحولي‬kuḥūlī alcoholic, spirituous
‫ كحيلي‬kuḥailī and ‫ كحيالن‬kuḥailān horse
of noblest bread 816
‫ كحال‬kiḥāl antimony powder, eye
powder
‫ كحال‬kaḥḥāl eye doctor, oculist (old
designation)
 ‫ مكحل‬mikḥal and ‫ مكحال‬mikḥāl kohl
stick, pencil for darkening the eyelids
‫ مكحلة‬mikḥala pl. ‫ مكاحل‬makāḥil2 kohl
container, kohl jar; solar quadrant; (syr.)
rifle, gun
‫ تكحيل‬takḥīl treatment of the eyes with
kohl
‫ كاحل‬kāḥil pl. ‫ كواحل‬kawāḥil2 anklebone
‫ كخية‬kikya and ‫ كاخية‬kākiya pl. ‫ كواخ‬kawākin
butler, steward
‫ كد‬kadda u (kadd) to work hard, exert
o.s., toil, labor, slave; to fatigue, wear out,
overwork, exhaust, weary, tire (‫ ه‬s.o.) II to
chase away, drive away (‫ ه‬s.o.) VIII and X
to urge, drive, rush (‫ ه‬s.o.); to wear out,
overwork, exhaust, weary, tire (‫ ه‬s.o.)
‫ كد‬kadd trouble, pains, labor, toil, hard
work
‫ كدود‬kadūd industrious, hard-working,
diligent
‫ مكدود‬makdūd worn out, exhausted,
overworked
‫ كدح‬kadaḥa a (kadḥ) to exert o.s., work hard,
toil, labor, slave (‫ في‬in or with s.th.) VIII
to earn a living (‫ لعياله‬li-‘iyālihī for one’s
family)
‫ كدح‬kadḥ exertion, toil, labor, drudgery
1
‫ كدر‬kadura u and kadira a (kadar, ‫كدارة‬
kadāra, ‫ كدور‬kudūra, ‫ كدور‬kudūr, ‫كدرة‬
kudra) to be turbid, roily, muddy, roiled
(liquid); -- kadira a (kadar, ‫ كدرة‬kudra) to
be muddy, cloudy, blackish, dingy, flat,
swarthy, grimy (color); (kadar, ‫كدورة‬
kudūra) to be dreary, unhappy (life); to be
angry (‫ على‬with s.o.) II to render turbid, to
roil, muddy (‫ ھـ‬s.th.), trouble, disturb,
spoil, ruffle (‫ ھـ‬s.th., ‫ على‬for s.o., e.g.,
s.o.’s peace of mind); to grieve, worry,
trouble, vex, irritate, annoy, molest,
disturb, distress (‫ ھـ‬s.o.) V to be turbid,
roily, muddy, roiled, troubled; to be angry,
be sore (‫ من‬at s.th.), feel offended, be
annoyed, be displeased (‫ من‬by s.th.), be
peeved (‫ من‬at, about) VII to become
turbid, muddy, dull, flat; to swoop down
(bird)
‫ كدر‬kadar turbidity, muddiness,
cloudiness, opaqueness, roiledness; worry,
sorrow, grief, distress, vexation, irritation,
annoyance
‫ كدرة‬kudra turbidity, muddiness,
cloudiness, roiledness, impurity; dingy
color, dinginess
‫ كدرة‬kadara clod of dirt, filth
‫ كدر‬kadir and ‫ كدير‬kadīr turbid, muddy,
roily, roiled; dull, flat, dingy, grimy
(color); worried, troubled, disturbed
‫ اكدر‬akdar2, f. ‫ كدراء‬kadrā’2, pl. ‫ كدر‬kudr
dingy, swarthy, dark-colored
‫ تكدير‬takdīr roiling, troubling, ruffling;
offending, offense, affront, indignity
‫ متكدر‬mutakaddir angry, sore, peeved (
‫ من‬at), annoyed. Irritated, offended (‫ من‬by)
2
‫ كادر‬look up alphabetically
‫ كدس‬kadasa i (kads) and II to pile up, heap up,
accumulate, amass (‫ ھـ‬s.th.); to cram
together, press together, compress (‫ھـ‬
s.th.) V to be heaped up, be piled up; to
pile up, accumulate (intr.); to press
together, get crammed up
‫ كدس‬kuds pl. ‫ اكداس‬akdās heap, pile;
stack (of grain, hay, etc.)
‫ كداس‬kuddās pl. ‫ كداديس‬kadādīs2 heap,
pile; stack (of grain, hay, etc.)
‫ كداسة‬kudāsa heap, pile, stack
‫ تكديس‬takdīs accumulation; stacking 817
‫ كدش‬kadaša i (kadš) to gain, earn
‫ كديش‬kadīš pl. ‫ كدش‬kudš cart horse, nag,
jade
‫ كدم‬kadama a i (kadm) to bite (with the front
teeth); to bruise, contuse
‫ كدم‬kadma pl. kadamāt bite; wound
caused by a bite; bruise, contusion
‫ كدى‬kadā i (kady) to give little, skimp, stint II
to beg IV = I
‫ كدية‬kudya begging, mendicity
‫ كذا‬ka-dā see ‫ ك‬ka
‫ كذب‬kadaba i (kidb, kadib, ‫ كذبة‬kadba, kidba)
to lie; to deceive, delude, mislead; to tell (‫ه‬
or ‫ على‬s.o.) a lie, to lie (‫ ه‬or ‫ على‬to s.o.) II
to accuse of lying, call a liar (‫ ه‬s.o.),
disbelieve s.o., give the lie to s.o. (‫ ;)ه‬to
disprove, refute, disown, deny (‫ ب‬or ‫ھـ‬
 s.th.) │ ‫ ما كذب ان فعل‬he did not hesitate to
do so IV to cause (‫ ه‬s.o.) to lie; to call a
liar, prove a liar (‫ ه‬s.o.), give the lie (‫ ه‬to
s.o.)
‫ كذب‬kidb, kadib and ‫ كذبة‬kadba, kidba
lie; deceit, falsehood, untruth │ ‫كذبة ابريل‬
April fool’s joke
‫ كذوب‬kadūb liar
‫ كذاب‬kaddāb liar, swindler; lying,
untruthful; false, deceitful
‫ اكذوبة‬ukdūba pl. ‫ اكاذيب‬akādīb2 lie
‫ اكذب‬akdab2 a greater liar, more
mendacious, more untruthful, falser │
‫( اكذب من مسيلمة‬musailimata) a greater liar
than Musailima (proverbially of a liar)
‫ تكذيب‬takdīb denial
‫ كاذب‬kādib liar; lying, untruthful; false,
deceptive, fallacious, delusive, specious,
sham, make-believe │ ‫( امل كاذب‬amal)
fallacious hope; ‫( بالغ كاذب‬balāg) slander,
defamation (jur.)
‫ مكذوب‬makdūb false, untrue, fabricated,
trumped up
‫ كذلك‬see ‫ ك‬ka
1
‫ كرة‬see 2‫كرو‬
2
‫ كر‬karra u (karr, ‫ كرور‬kurūr, ‫ تكرار‬takrār) to
turn around and attack (‫ على‬s.o., s.th.); to
return, come back, recur; to withdraw,
retreat, fall back; to attack (‫ على‬s.o.), bear
down (‫ على‬upon); -- a (‫ كرير‬karīr) to rattle
in the throat II to repeat, reiterate, do
again, do repeatedly (‫ ھـ‬s.th.); to pose over
and over again (‫ ھـ‬a question, ‫ على‬to s.o.),
ask (‫ على‬s.o.) repeatedly (‫ ھـ‬a question); to
clarify, filter (‫ ھـ‬s.th.); to rectify, purify (‫ھـ‬
s.th.); to refine (‫ ھـ‬sugar, etc.) V to be
repeated, be reiterated, recur; to be
rectified, be purified, be refined
‫ كر‬karr attack, charge │ ‫( الكر والفر‬farr)
attack and retreat (in battle); ‫بين كر وفر‬
alternately, intermittently, by fits and
starts, by jerks; ‫ على كر الدھور‬and ‫على كر‬
‫( الزمن‬k. az-zamn) in the course of time
‫ كرة‬karra attack; return, comeback,
recurrence; -- (pl. -āt) one time (= ‫ ;)مرة‬a
hundred thousand; karratan once;
sometimes, at times; at a time │ ‫كرة اخرى‬
karratan ukrā a second time, once more;
‫ كرة بعد كرة‬repeatedly, time and again
‫ كرار‬look up alphabetically
‫ كرور‬kurūr return, comeback,
recurrence; succession, sequence, order
‫ كرير‬karīr rattle in the throat
‫ كرارية‬kurrārīya pl. -āt (eg.) spool,
bobbin, reel
‫ مكر‬makarr pl. -āt reel
‫ تكرير‬takrīr repetition, reiteration;
classification, rectification, purification,
refinement; refining │ ‫معمل تكرير السكر‬
ma‘mal t. as-sukkar sugar refinery
‫ تكرار‬takrār repetition, reiteration; ‫تكرارا‬
takrāran repeatedly, frequently, quite
often │ ‫( مرارا وتكرارا‬mirāran) repeatedly,
time and again 818
‫ مكرر‬mukarrar repeated, reiterated;
following twice (number), bis (after a
number); a multiple; rectified, purified,
refined │ ‫( سكر مكرر‬sukkar) refined sugar;
‫ مكرر‬٣٧ ‫ ص‬page 37b
‫ متكرر‬mutakarrir recurring, recurrent,
reiterated, reiterative; repeated, frequent
‫ كراج‬garāž pl. -āt garage (syr.)
‫ كرار‬karār pl. -āt pantry, storeroom; cellar
‫ كرافتة‬karāfatta neoktie, cravat
‫ كراكوفيا‬karākōfiyā Cracow (city in S Poland)
‫( كراميل‬Fr. caramel) karamēl caramel candy
1
‫ كرب‬karaba u (karb) to oppress, distress,
grieve, worry, trouble, fill with concern (‫ه‬
s.o.); to overburden (‫ ھـ‬a beast of burden)
IV to hurry, hasten, rush VII and VIII to
be worried, grieved, troubled, distressed,
anxious, apprehensive, feel concern, be
afraid
‫ كرب‬karb pl. ‫ كروب‬kurūb worry,
sorrow, care, grief; apprehension, concern,
anxiety, fear; distress, trouble; pain,
torment, torture, agony
‫ كربة‬kurba pl. ‫ كرب‬kurab worry,
sorrow, care, grief; apprehension. concern,
anxiety, fear; distress, trouble; pain,
torment, torture, agony
 ‫ مكروب‬makrūb sad, worried, grieved,
sorrowful, distressed; apprehensive,
anxious, alarmed, fearful, troubled,
scared, confused; see alphabetically
‫ مكترب‬muktarib sad, worried, grieved,
sorrowful, distressed; apprehensive,
anxious, alarmed, fearful, troubled,
soared, confused
2
‫ كرب‬kreb crepe │ ‫ كرب ديشين‬k. dīšīn and ‫كرب‬
‫ شين‬k. šīn crepe de Chine
3
‫ كروب‬karūb and ‫ كروبي‬karūbī pl. -ūn, ‫كاروبيم‬
kārūbīm cherub, archangel
‫ كرباج‬kurbāj, kirbāj pl. ‫ كرابيج‬karābīj2 whip,
lash, riding whip, kurbash
‫ كرباس‬kirbās pl. ‫ كرابيس‬karābīs2 a white cotton
fabric
‫ كربال‬kirbāl pl. ‫ كرابيل‬karābīl2 teasing bow (for
combing or carding cotton); coarse sieve
‫ كربالء‬karbalā’2 Karbala (holy city of the
Shiites in central Iraq)
‫( كربون‬Fr. carbon) karbōn coal │ ‫ورق كربون‬
waraq k. carbon paper
1
‫ كرات‬kurāt (eg.) = ‫كراث‬
2 (‫ الى‬with)
‫ اكرت‬akrat2 curly, kinky (hair)
1 ‫ كرز‬karaza (karz) to preach, spread (‫باإلنجيل‬
‫ كرتن‬kartana to put under quarantine, to
quarantine (‫ على‬s.o.) II takartana to be put
under quarantine, be quarantined
2 preaching of the Gospel │ ‫الكرازة المرقسية‬
‫ كرتون‬kartūn pl. ‫ كراتين‬karātin2 cardboard,
pasteboard; carton
‫ كرث‬karata u i (kart) to oppress,
depress, distress, worry, trouble (‫ ه‬s.o.); to
concern, affect, move (‫ ه‬s.o.) IV do. VIII
to care (‫ ل‬for), heed, bear in mind (‫ ل‬s.th.),
pay attention (‫ ل‬to), take an interest (‫ ل‬in)
‫ كريث‬karīt oppressed, depressed,
distressed, anguished, worried, troubled,
vexed, annoyed
‫ كراث‬karrāt, kurrāt leek (Allium
parrum L.; bot.)
‫ اكتراث‬iktirāt attention, notice, concern,
interest │ ‫ قلة االكتراث‬qillat al-ikt.
indifference
‫ كارث‬kārit oppressive, grievous, painful
‫ كارثة‬kārita pl. ‫ كوارث‬kawārit2 disaster,
catastrophe │ ‫ كارثة األمطار‬k. al-amṯār
natural catastrophe, torrential rains
‫ الكرج‬al-kurj the Georgians
‫ كرجي‬kurjī Georgian (adj and n.) 819
‫ كرح‬kirḥ pl. ‫ اكراح‬akrāḥ monk’s cell
‫ كرخانة‬karkāna pl. -āt, ‫ كراخين‬karākīn
workshop, factory; (eg.) brothel
‫ كرخانجي‬karkānjī artisan, craftsman
‫ الكرد‬al-kurd the Kurds │ ‫ بالد الكرد‬Kurdistan
‫ كردي‬kurdī Kurdish; (pl. ‫ اكراد‬akrād)
Kurd │ ‫ جبل األكراد‬jabal al-a. the Kurdish
mountains, Kurdistan
‫ كردان‬kirdān pl. ‫ كرادين‬karādīn2 necklace
‫ كردس‬kardasa to heap up, pile up (‫ ھـ‬s.th.); to
crowd together, cram together (‫ھـ‬, s.o.,
s.th.) II takardasa to be heaped up, be
piled up; to flock together, crowd together
‫( كردون‬Fr. cordon) kordōn pl. -āt cordon;
ribbon, braid, lace, trimming │ ‫كردون صحي‬
(ṣiḥḥī) sanitary cordon
1
‫ كرز‬karaza i (‫ كروز‬kurūz) to hide, seek refuge
2
bi-l-injīl the Gospel)
‫ كرز‬karz and ‫ كرازة‬karāza sermon,
(marqusīya) the missionary province of
St. Mark, the jurisdiction of the Coptic
Patriarchate
‫ تكريز‬takrīz pl. ‫ تكاريز‬takārīz
consecration, benediction (Chr.)
‫ كارز‬kāriz preacher
3
‫ كرز‬karaz (coll.; n. un. ‫ )ة‬cherry
‫ كرزى‬karazī cherry-red
1
‫ كرس‬II to lay the foundation (‫ ھـ‬of a building)
V to stick together, cohere
‫ كرسي‬kursī pl. ‫ كراسي‬karāsīy, ‫كراس‬
karāsin chair; throne, see; seat;
professorial chair; base, pedestal, socle;
bearing (techn.) │ ‫ كرسي بيل‬k. bīl and ‫كرسي‬
‫( بلى‬billī) hall bearing; ‫ كرسي دائر‬revolving
stool, swivel chair; ‫( الكرسي الرسولي‬rasūlī)
the Apostolic See; ‫ كرسي طويل‬chaise
longue; deck chair; ‫ كرسي الملك‬k. l-malik
 royal throne; ‫ كرسي المملكة‬k. l-mamlaka
capital, metropolis; ‫( كرسي ھزاز‬hazzāz)
rocking chair; ‫ استاذ كرسي‬ustād k. full
professor
‫ كراسة‬kurrāsa pl. -āt, karārīs2 quire;
booklet; notebook, copy book;
sketchbook; brochure; installment,
fascicle (of a book)
2
‫ كرس‬II to consecrate, dedicate, inaugurate,
open ceremonially (‫ ھـ‬s.th.; Chr.); to
hallow, sanctify (‫ ھـ‬e.g., principles); to
dedicate, devote (‫ ل ھـ‬s.th. to s.o.)
‫ تكريس‬takrīs consecration, dedication,
ceremonial inauguration (Chr.); devoting,
dedication
‫ مكرس‬mukarras consecrated; dedicated
│ ‫ ماء مكرس‬holy water (Chr.)
2
‫ كرسوع‬kursū‘ pl. ‫ كراسيع‬karāsī‘ carpal end of
the ulna, carpal bone, wristbone
‫ كرسف‬karsafa to hamstring, hook (‫ ھـ‬an
animal)
‫ كرسنة‬kirsinna, kirsanna variety of vetch (bot.)
‫ كرش‬kariša a (karaš) to be wrinkled,
shriveled, crumpled, crinkled, puckered;
to shrivel, form wrinkles, be drawn into
wrinkle II to wrinkls one’s face, knit one’s
brows, frown V = I
‫ كرش‬kirš, kariš f., pl. ‫ اكراش‬akrāš, ‫كروش‬
kurūš stomach (primarily of ruminants =
craw); paunch; belly
‫ كرشة‬kirša (eg.) tripe, intestines
‫( كريشة‬eg.) krēša a thin, crinkled fabric;
crepe
2
‫ اكرش‬akraš and ‫ مكرش‬mukriš
potbellied, paunchy
‫ كرشوني‬karšūnī Karshuni, Arabic
written in Syriac characters 820
‫ كريطة‬look up alphabetically; ‫ كرارطي‬,‫كرارط‬
ibid.
‫ كرع‬kara’a and kari’a a (kar’, ‫ كروع‬kurū’) to
sip V to wash one’s feet, perform the
partial ablution of the legs (in preparation
for prayer); to belch, burp, eruct
‫ كرعة‬kar’a (n. vic.) sipping, sip,
swallow
‫ كراع‬kurā’ m. and f., pl. ‫ اكرع‬akru’,
‫ اكارع‬akāri’2 foot, trotter (esp. of sheep or
oxen); leg; extremity │ ‫ اكارع األرض‬a. al-
arḍ the remotest areas of the earth
‫ تكريعة‬takrī’a belching, eructation
‫ كارع‬kāri’ pl. ‫ كوارع‬kawāri’ foot, trotter;
ankle, anklebone; pl. (eg.) dish prepared
of sheep’s trotters
‫ كرفس‬karafs celery (Apium graveolens L.;
bot.)
1
‫ كرك‬kurk (syr.) fur
2
‫ كركة‬karaka distilling apparatus, distilling
flask, retort
3
‫ كركي‬kurkī pl. ‫ كراكي‬karākīy crane (zool.); (
‫( سمك( الكراكي‬samak) al-k. pike (zool.)
4
‫ كراكة‬karrāka pl. -āt dredging machine,
dredge; penitentiary
5
‫ كريك‬look up alphabetically
‫ كركب‬karkaba (eg.) to throw into disorder,
upset, confuse, disturb (III s.th.); to make
a noise
‫ كركبة‬karkaba disorder, confusion,
muddle, jumble
‫ كركدن‬karkaddan, karkadann rhinoceros │
‫( كركدن بحري‬baḥrī) narwhal (zool.)
‫ كركر‬karkara to repeat, reiterate, do repeatedly
(‫ ھـ‬s.th.); to rumble (stomach); to tickle │
‫( كركر في الضحك‬ḍaḥk) to burst into loud
laughter, roar with laughter
‫ كركرة‬karkara loud laughter; rumbling
(of the stomach)
‫ كركم‬kurkum (bot.) turmeric (Curcuma longa
L.; plant and rootstock); curoumin
‫ كركند‬karkand spinel ruby (gem); (eg.) lobster
(zool.)
‫ كركوز‬karakūz shadow play
‫ كركون‬karakōn (eg.) police station
1
‫ كرم‬karuma u (karam, ‫ كرمة‬karama, ‫كرامة‬
karāma) to be noble, high-minded, noble-
hearted, magnanimous, generous, liberal,
munificent; to be precious II to call noble
and high-minded (‫ ه‬s.o.); to honor, revere,
venerate, treat with deference (‫ ه‬s.o.); to
exalt (‫ على ه‬s.o. above another), bestow
honor (‫ على ه‬upon s.o. before others) │ ‫كرم‬
‫( ﷲ وجھه‬wajhahū) may God honor him I
III to vie in generosity (‫ ه‬s.o.); to meet
reverentially, with deference, politely (‫ه‬
s.o.) IV to call noble and high-minded (‫ه‬
s.o.); to honor (‫ ه‬s.o.): to treat
reverentially, with deference, politely,
hospitably (‫ ه‬s.o.), bestow honors (‫ ه‬upon
s.o.); to prove o.s. to he high-minded and
generous; to honor, present (‫ ب ه‬s.o. with),
confer (‫ ب ه‬upon s.o. s.th.) V to feign
generosity; to show one’s generous side;
to be noble; to be friendly, kind, kindly; to
be so kind, have the kindness (‫ ب‬to do
s.th., ‫ على‬with regard to or in behalf of
s.o.); to present (‫ على ب‬s.o. with),
graciously bestow (‫ ب على‬upon s.o. s.th.)
‫ كرم‬karm (coll.) pl. ‫ كروم‬kurūm vine,
grapes, grapevines; vineyard; garden,
orchard │ ‫ بنت الكرم‬bint al-k. wine
‫ كرمة‬karma grapevine, vine
‫ كرم‬karam noble nature; high-
mindedness, noble-mindedness, noble-
heartedness, generosity, magnanimity;
kindness, friendliness, amicability;
liberality, munificence; ‫ كرما‬karaman
moat kindly, obligingly, out of kindness │
‫ كرم األخالق‬noble-mindedness, noble
character; ‫ كرم الحتد‬k. al-maḥtid noble
descent 821
‫ كرمة لك‬kurmatan laka and ‫كرمانا لك‬
kurmānan laka for your sake, as a favor to
you, in your honor
‫ كرامة‬karāma nobility; high-
mindedness, noble-heartedness;
generosity, magnanimity; liberality,
munificence; honor, dignity; respect,
esteem, standing, prestige; mark of honor,
token of esteem, favor; (pl. -āt) miracle
(worked by a saint) │ ‫حبا وكرامة لك‬
(ḥubban wa-karāmatan) for your sake and
in your honor; most gladly, with the
greatest pleasure; ‫ صاحب كرامات‬worker of
miracles
‫ كريم‬karīm pl. ‫ كرماء‬kuramā’2, kirām
noble; distinguished, high-ranking,
eminent; high-minded, noble-minded,
noble-hearted; generous, liberal,
munificent, hospitable, beneficent;
benefactor; kind, kindly, friendly,
amicable, obliging, gracious; respectable,
honorable, decent; precious, valuable,
costly; thoroughbred; see also
alphabetically; ‫ الكريمان‬the two noble
things, namely Holy War and the
pilgrimage to Mecca │ ‫ كريم األخالق‬high-
minded, noble-minded, noble-hearted,
noble; ‫ كريم األصل‬k. al-aṣl of noble descent,
highborn, highbred; ‫( حجر كريم‬ḥajar)
precious stone, gem; ‫حصان كريم‬
thoroughbred horse; ‫( دخل كريم‬dakl) a
decent income; ‫ القارئ الكريم‬the gentle
reader; ‫ المعادن الكريمة‬the precious metals;
‫ مرمر الكرام‬see 1‫ مر‬marra
‫ كريمة‬karīma pl. ‫ كرائم‬karā’im2 precious
thing, object of value, valuable; vital part
(of the body; esp. eye); daughter; see also
alphabetically; ‫ الكريمتان‬the two eyes │
‫ )كرائم المال )األموال‬the most prized
possession(s)
‫ كرام‬karrām pl. -ūn winegrower,
vinedresser
‫ اكرم‬akram2 pl. ‫ اكارم‬akārim2 nobler
more distinguished; more precious, more
valuable; moat honorable; very high-
minded, very noble-hearted, most
generous
‫ مكرم‬makram and ‫ مكرم‬makrama pl.
‫ مكارم‬makārim2 noble trait, excellent
quality │ ‫ مكارم األخالق‬noble
characteristics, noble traits of character
‫ مكرمة‬makruma pl. ‫ مكارم‬makārim2
noble deed
‫ تكريم‬takrīm and ‫ تكرمة‬takrima honoring,
tribute, honor (bestowed on s.o.) │ ‫تكريما له‬
(takrīman) in his honor
‫ اكرام‬ikrām honor, respect, deference,
tribute; hospitable reception, hospitality;
kindness; honorarium │ ‫( اكراما له‬ikrāman)
in his honor
‫ اكرامية‬ikrāmīya pl. -āt honorarium;
bonus
‫ مكرم‬mukarram honored, revered,
venerated; venerable; ‫ المكرمية‬epithet of
Mecca
2
‫ كريم‬and ‫ كريمة‬look up alphabetically
‫ كرمش‬karmaša (eg.) to pucker, be drawn into
folds; to crinkle, become wrinkled, shrivel
II takarmaša do.
 ‫ كرمش‬karmaša fold, crease, wrinkle,
crinkle, pucker; knitting
2
‫ الكرمل‬:‫ كرمل‬al-karmal Mount Carmel
(promontory in N Palestine)
‫ كرملي‬karmalī Carmelite
2
‫ كرمال‬karamillā caramel (candy)
‫ كراميل‬look up alphabetically
‫ الكرملين‬al-kremlīn the Kremlin
‫ كرنب‬kurunb (coll.) cabbage
‫ كرنبة‬kurunba (n. un.) head of cabbage
‫ كرنتينة‬kurantīna pl. -āt quarantine
‫ كرنيش‬look up alphabetically 822
‫ كرناف‬kurnāf pl. ‫ كرانيف‬karānīf2 palm stump
‫ كرنافة‬kunāfa pl. -āt gunstock, rifle butt
1
‫( كرنك‬Engl.) krank pl. -āt crank, crank shaft
2 detestation, abhorrence
‫ كرنك‬karnak a brand of Egyptian cotton
(named after ‫الكرنن‬, a village near Luxor)
‫ كرنيش‬and ‫( كورنيش‬Fr. corniche) kornīš pl.
‫ كرانيش‬karānīš2 cornice, ledge, molding,
shelf; coast road, road skirting the
shoreline
‫ كره‬kariha a (karh, kurh, ‫ كراھة‬karāha, ‫كراھية‬
karāhiya) to feel disgust (‫ ھـ‬at), be
disgusted (‫ ھـ‬by); to detest, loathe, abhor,
hate (‫ ھـ‬s.th.); to dislike (‫ ھـ‬s.th.); karuha u
(‫ كراھة‬karāha) to be repugnant, offensive,
hateful, odious, detestable II to make s.o. (
‫ على‬or ‫ )ه‬hate s.th. (‫)ھـ‬, arouse aversion (‫ھـ‬
‫ الى‬or ‫ ھـ ه‬in s.o. to s.th.) IV to force,
compel, coerce (‫ على ه‬s.o. to) V to have an
aversion (‫ ھـ‬to), feel disgust (‫ ھـ‬for),
loathe, detest (‫ ھـ‬s.th.) X to have an
aversion (‫ ھـ‬to), feel disgust (‫ ھـ‬for),
loathe, detest (‫ ھـ‬s.th.); to force, compel,
coerce (‫ على ه‬s.o. to)
‫ كره‬karh, kurh hatred, hate; aversion,
antipathy, dislike, distaste; detestation,
abhorrence, disgust, repugnance, loathing;
‫ كرھا‬karhan, kurhan and ‫‘ على كره‬ala
kurhin, ‫ على كره منه‬unwillingly, reluctantly,
grudgingly, forcedly; under compulsion,
under duress
‫ كره‬karih loathsome, repugnant,
offensive
‫ كريه‬karīh unpleasant, disagreeable,
offensive, bad, repugnant, repulsive,
loathsome, hateful, detestable,
abominable, ugly
‫ كراھة‬karāha hatred, hate; aversion,
antipathy, dislike, distaste; abhorrence,
detestation, disgust, repugnance, loathing
‫ كراھية‬karāhiya aversion, antipathy,
dislike, distaste, disgust, repugnance,
loathing; incompatibility (as a reason of
divorce); baseness, abominableness,
reprehensibility (Isl. Law) │ ‫على كراھية‬
unwillingly, grudgingly, forcedly
‫ كريھة‬karīha pl. ‫ كرائه‬karā’ih2 adversity;
misfortune, calamity
‫ مكره‬makrah loathsome thing,
unpleasant situation
‫ مكرھة‬makraha, makruha hatred, hate,
‫ مكاره‬makārih2 loathsome things;
adversities, calamities
‫ اكراه‬ikrāh compulsion, coercion,
constraint, force; use of force │ ‫ باإلكراه‬by
force
‫ اكراھي‬ikrāhī compulsory, coercive,
forced, enforced
‫ تكره‬takarruh aversion, antipathy,
dislike, distaste, disgust, repugnance,
loathing
‫ كاره‬kārih reluctant, grudging,
unwilling, averse
‫ مكروه‬makrūh detested, abhorred, hated,
hateful, odious, loathsome, disgusting,
distasteful, disagreeable, unpleasant;
reprehensible (Isl. Law); ‫ مكروه‬and ‫مكروھة‬
makrūha inconvenience, discomfort,
nuisance, adversity; accident, mishap,
misadventure
‫ مكره‬mukrah forced, compelled
‫ متكره‬mutakarrih unwilling, reluctant
2
‫ )كرو‬and ‫ كري( كرا‬karā u (karw) and ‫ كرى‬karā
i (kary) to dig (‫ ھـ‬s.th.)
‫ كرو‬karw digging, excavation
2
‫ كرة‬kura pl. -āt, ‫ كرى‬kuran globe, sphere; ball
│ ‫ كرة األرض‬k. al-a. and ‫( كرة ارضية‬arḍīya)
terrestrial globe, globe; ‫ كرة الثلج‬k. at-talji
 snowball; ‫ كرة السلة‬k. as-salla basketball;
‫ كرة الطاولة‬k. al-ṭāwula table tennis; ‫كرة القدم‬
k. al-qadam football, soccer; 823 ‫كرة‬
‫ الكواكب‬celestial sphere; ‫ كرات لحم‬k. laḥm
small meatballs; ‫ كرة الماء‬water polo; ‫كرة اليد‬
k. al-yad (European) handball; ‫نصف الكرة‬
niṣf al-k. hemisphere
‫ كرية‬kurayya globule; pellet │ ‫الكريات‬
‫( )الحمراء )الحمر‬ḥamrā’, ḥumr) the red
corpuscles, erythrocytes
‫ كري‬kuriy and ‫ كروي‬kurawī globular,
globate, globose, ball-shaped, ball-like,
spherical
‫ كروية‬kurawīya globosity, sphericity,
roundness │ ‫ كروية األرض‬k. al-arḍ the
sphericity of the earth
‫ كرواتيا‬kuruwātiyā Croatia
‫ كروان‬karawān and ‫ كيروان‬a variety of plover
(Charadrius cedicnemus L.; zool.)
‫ كروب‬karūb and ‫ كروبي‬karūbī pl. -ūn, ‫كروبيم‬
karūbīm cherub, archangel
‫( كروسة‬It. carozza) karōsa pl. -āt state carriage,
coach
‫( كروكي‬Fr. croquis) krōkī pl. ‫ كروكيات‬krōkīyāt
sketch, draft, croquis
‫ كروم‬krōm chrome, chromium
‫ كرويا‬karawyā caraway (Carum carvi L.; bot.)
1 ‫ كز‬kazz pl. ‫ كز‬kuzz dry, dried up,
‫ كري‬kariya a (karan) to sleep, be asleep,
slumber; -- karā i (kary) to dig (‫ ھـ‬e.g., a
canal) III and IV to rent, lease, let, let out,
farm out, hire out (‫ ھـ ه‬to s.o. s.th.) V to
sleep, be asleep, slumber VIII and X to
rent, hire (‫ ھـ‬s.th.); to lease, take on lease (
‫ ھـ‬s.th.), take a lease (‫ ھـ‬of s.th.); to hire,
employ, engage (‫ ه‬s.o.), engage the labor
or services (‫ ه‬of s.o.)
‫ كرى‬karan sleep, slumber
‫ كراء‬kirā’ rent, hire, hiring; lease;
rental, hire; wages, pay
‫ اكراء‬ikrā’ renting, rent; leasing, letting
on lease, farming out
‫ اكتراء‬iktirā’ renting, rent; leasing,
taking on lease; hiring
‫ مكار‬mukārin pl. -ūn hirer (esp. one of
horses, donkeys, mules, etc.); donkey
driver, muleteer
‫ مكر‬mukrin hirer, lessor; landlord
‫ مكرى‬mukran rented, let, hired out, let
on lease
‫ مكتر‬muktarin and ‫ مستكر‬mustakrin
renter, tenant, lessee │ ‫( مكتر ثان‬tānin)
subtenant, sublessee
2
‫ كرية‬،‫ كرى‬see 1 ‫كرو‬
3
‫كرى‬karrī curry
‫ كريت‬kirīt, ‫ كريد‬kirīd Crete
‫( كريطة‬Span. carreta) karrīṭa pl. ‫ كراريط‬karārīṭ2
(tun.) cart, wagon, dray
‫ كرارطي‬karariṭī carrier, carter, drayman
‫( كريك‬Turk. körek) kurīk pl. -āt shovel
‫( كري‬Fr. crème) krēm cream │ ‫كريم‬
‫ الحالقة‬k. al-ḥilāqa shaving cream
‫( كريمة‬It. crema; eg.) kréma cream; a kind of
thick sauce (served as a condiment)
‫ كز‬kazza (1st pers. perf. kazuztu) u (‫كزازة‬
kazāza, ‫ كزوزة‬kuzūza) to become dry and
tough, dry up, shrivel; to be withered,
shriveled, shrunk; to contract, shrink; (eg.)
to have an aversion (‫ من‬to), feel disgust (
‫ من‬at), have a distaste (‫ من‬for); -- (kazz) to
contract, shrink, narrow (‫ ھـ‬s.th.); pass.
kuzza to have tetanus │ ‫( كز على اسنانه‬eg.)
to gnash one’s teeth
withered, desiccated; shriveled, shrunk;
tough, inflexible, unyielding, rigid, stiff │
‫كز اليدين‬k. al-yadain closefisted, miserly,
niggardly 824
‫ كزز‬kazaz miserliness, niggardliness
‫ كزاز‬kuzāz, kuzzāz tetanus
‫ كزازة‬kazāza dryness; boringness,
dullness, tediousness; stinginess,
niggardliness; stiffness, rigidity
‫ كزبرة‬kuzbara, kuzbura coriander (Coriandrum
sativum L.; bot.) │ ‫ كزبرة الثعلب‬k. at-ta‘lab
pimpernel; ‫( كزبرة خضراء‬kaḍrā’) chervil;
‫ كزبرة الصخر‬k. aṣ-ṣakr hair-cap moss
(Polytrichum communis L.; bot.)
‫( كزورنة‬eg.) kazarāna (from It. casseruola)
casserole, cooking vessel
‫ كسب‬kasaba i (kasb) to gain, win, acquire (‫ھـ‬
s.th.); to earn (‫ ھـ‬s.th.); to profit, win, gain;
 to gather, acquire (‫ ھـ‬knowledge); to
obtain, get, attain (‫ ھـ‬s.th.) │ ‫كسب ھتافا ل‬
(hutafan) win acclaim for, he applauded
for; ‫( ما كسبت يداه‬yadāhu) what he has
earned in the hereafter by his (good and
evil) deeds II to make or let s.o. (‫ )ھـ‬gain,
win or obtain (‫ ھـ‬s.th.); to let s.o. (‫ )ه‬share
the profit IV to make or let s.o. (‫ )ه‬gain,
win or obtain (‫ ھـ‬s.th.), secure (‫ ھـ ه‬for s.o.
s.th.); to impart (‫ ھـ ھـ‬or ‫ ه‬to s.o. or to s.th.
s.th., also e.g., to the face a certain
expression) │ ‫( اكسب مناعة ضد‬manā‘atan
ḍidda) to make immune to ... V to earn (‫ھـ‬
s.th.); to acquire, obtain (‫ ھـ‬s.th.); to gain,
win (‫ ھـ‬s.th.) VIII do.; to possess have,
own (‫ ھـ‬s.th.); to take on (‫ ھـ‬a new quality,
a color, a different aspect, and the like)
‫ كسب‬kasb acquisition; earnings; gain,
profit; winnings; s.th. acquired or gained,
acquirement; acquired knowledge,
learning
‫ كسب‬kusb and ‫ كسب‬kusba oil cake
‫ مكسب‬maksab, maksib and ‫مكسبة‬
maksiba pl. ‫ مكاسب‬makāsib2 gain, profit
‫ تكسب‬takassub earning, gaining;
acquisition; earnings; gain, profit
‫ اكتساب‬iktisāb acquisition; gaining,
winning │ ‫( اكتساب بمرور الزمان‬bi-murūr z-
zamān) prescription, usucapion,
acquisition of property or rights by
uninterrupted possession of them for a
certain period (jur.)
‫ كاسب‬kāsib winner; earner, provider
‫ مكسب‬muksib profitable, lucrative
‫ كسبرة‬kasbara coriander (bot.; = ‫ كزبرة‬, q.v.)
‫ كستاك‬kustāk see ‫كستك‬
‫ كستبان‬kustubān pl. ‫ كساتبين‬kasātibīn2 thimble
‫( كسكت‬Turk. köstek) kustak and ‫ كستيك‬pl. ‫كساتك‬
kasātik watch chain
‫( كستلية‬It. sastoletta) kustulēta, kustalēta cutlet,
chop
‫ كستنة‬kastana chestnut (bot.)
‫ كستنائي‬kastanā’ī maroon, chestnut-
colored
‫ كسح‬kasaḥa a (kasḥ) to sweep; to clean, clean
out, empty; -- kasiḥa a (kaṣaḥ) to be
crippled; to become a cripple II (eg.) to
cripple (‫ ه‬s.o.); to bend, twist, warp (o
s.th.) VIII to sweep away (‫ ھـ‬s.th.); to
wash away, flush out, remove (‫ ھـ‬s.th.); to
overrun (‫ ھـ‬s.th.); to flood, overflow (‫ھـ‬
s.th.), spread, fan out (‫ ھـ‬over s.th.); to
plunder, pillage, sack (‫ ھـ‬a captured town);
to snatch up, seize (‫ ھـ‬s.th.), take hold (‫ھـ‬
of)
‫ كسح‬kasḥ sweeping; cleaning; clearing;
emptying (e.g., of a latrine); lameness,
paralysis, palsy
‫ كساح‬kusāḥ rachitis, rickets
‫ كساحة‬kusāḥa sweepings; refuse,
garbage, rubbish, trash
‫ كسيح‬kasīḥ lame, palsied, paralyzed;
crippled
‫ اكسح‬aksaḥ lame, palsied, paralyzed;
crippled 825
‫ مكسحة‬miksaḥa broom
‫ اكتساح‬iktisāḥ a sweeping away, sweep;
removal, elimination; flooding,
overflowing, submersion, inundation;
rape, seizure, usurpation
‫ كاسحة‬kāsiḥa: ‫ كاسحة األلغام‬k. al-algām
mine sweeper
‫ مكسح‬mukassaḥ crippled; cripple; lame
person, paralytic
‫ كسد‬kasada and kasuda u (‫ كساد‬kasād, ‫كسود‬
kasūd) to find no market, not to move, sell
badly (merchandise); to be stagnant, dull,
listless (business, market) IV to be dull,
listless (market)
‫ كساد‬kasād unsalableness of
merchandise; economic depression,
dullness of the market, stagnation of
commerce, recession; slump
O ‫ مكاسدة‬mukāsada dumping
‫ كاسد‬kāsid and ‫ كسيد‬kasīd selling badly,
little in demand (merchandise); stagnant,
dull, listless (market)
1
‫ كسر‬kasara i (kasr) to break, shatter, fracture (
‫ ھـ‬s.th.); to break open, force open, pry
open (‫ ھـ‬a door, and the like); to break
(also fig.: power, resistance); to violate,
infringe (‫ ھـ‬a legal duty); to destroy,
annihilate, rout (‫ ھـ‬s.th.); to defeat (‫ ھـ‬an
army); to fold (‫ ھـ‬s.th.); to provide with
the vowel, (‫ ھـ‬a consonant; gram.) │ ‫كسر‬
‫ خاطره‬to disappoint, disoblige, offend,
afront s.o.; ‫ كسرت‬kusirat ir-rīḥu the wind
has calmed down; ‫( كسر الصمت‬ṣamt) to
break the silence; ‫‘( كسر العطش‬aṭaš) to
quench the thirst; ‫( كسره عن مراده‬murādihī)
to dissuade or hinder s.o. from carrying
out his intention; ‫‘( كسر عينه‬ainahū) (eg.)
to shame s.o., put s.o. to shame; ‫كسر قلبه‬
(qalbahū) to break s.o.’s heart; to
discourage s.o.; ‫( كسر من حدته‬ḥiddatihi) to
blunt the edge of s.th., tone down s.th.,
curb, temper s.th. or s.o. II to break into
pieces, fragmentize (‫ ھـ‬s.th.); to shatter,
smash (‫ ھـ‬s.th.) V to be broken to pieces,
be shattered, be fragmentized; to break, be
refracted, be diffracted (also light, rays,
phys.); to be refined, civilized VII to get
broken; to be defeated, be routed, be
broken (force, violence); to break; to be
refracted, be diffracted; to abate, subside
(e.g., heat), be quenched (thirst) │ ‫انكسرت‬
‫( ساقه‬sāquhū) he broke his leg
‫ كسر‬kasr breaking, fracturing;
shattering, fragmentation; -- (pl. ‫كسور‬
kusūr) break, breach, fracture; crack,
rupture; fracture of a bone; (pl. ‫ كسر‬kusūr,
‫ )كسورات‬fraction (arith.) │ ‫كسر عشري‬
‫‘( ))اعشاري‬ušrī, a‘šārī) decimal fraction;
‫ وكسور‬wa-kusūr (after figures) ... and
some, a little over ..., e.g., ‫ جنيه وكسور‬one
pound and some, a little over a pound
‫ كسر‬kasr, kisr: ‫ كسر البيت‬k. al-bait nook
of the house; ‫ جثم في كسر بيته‬to live in
seclusion, stay in one’s four walls
‫ كسرة‬kasra defeat, breakdown, collapse;
the vowel point for i; nook of the house
‫ كسرة‬kisra pl. ‫ كسر‬kisar, -āt fragment; a
small piece; chunk (of bread); slice (of
bread)
‫ كسير‬kasīr pl. ‫ كسرى‬kasrā, ‫ كسارى‬kasārā
broken, fractured, shattered; defeated; see
also ‫ كسرى‬alphabetically
O ‫ كسارة‬kassāra nutcracker
‫ كسيرة‬kusaira diopter (phys.)
‫ كسر‬maksir: ‫ صلب المكسر‬ṣulb al-m. hard
to break, robust, sturdy, hardy, firm,
strong; ‫ طيب المكسر‬ṭayyib al-m. standing
the test, proving its value, of excellent
quality; ‫ لين المكاسر‬layyin al-makāsir soft,
gentle
‫ تكسير‬taksīr breaking, fracturing;
shattering, fragmentation │ ‫جمع التكسير‬
jam‘ at-t. broken plural (gram.) 826
‫ تكاسر‬takassur a being broken,
breaking; refraction, diffraction (opt.) │
‫ تكسر األشعة‬t. al-aši‘‘a refraction of rays
‫ انكسار‬inkisār (state or process of) being
broken, brokenness, breaking; fracture;
breach, rupture; fragility; defeat, rout;
brokenness in spirit, broken-heartedness,
dejection; contrition; refraction,
diffraction (phys.) │ ‫ انكسار القلب‬ink. al-
qalb dejectedness, despondency,
contrition
‫ كاسر‬kāsir breaking, shattering, etc.; (pl.
‫ كواسر‬kawāsir2) rapacious, ferocious,
savage (predatory animal) │ ‫ كاسر الحجر‬k.
al-ḥajar saxifrage, stonebreak (bot.);‫طير‬
‫( كاسر‬ṭair) bird of prey; ‫ كواسر الطير‬k. aṭ-
ṭair predatory birds
‫ مكسور‬maksūr broken, fractured;
shattered, fragmented; defeated;
unsuccessful, thwarted, frustrated;
bankrupt; having a kasra (consonant;
gram.)
‫ مكسر‬mukassar fragmented, shattered,
smashed; broken (also, e.g., language);
‫ مكسرات‬almonds and nuts │ ‫جمع مكسر‬
(jam‘) broken plural (gram.)
2
‫ اكسير‬iksīr elixir
‫ كسرونة‬kasarōna (eg.) see ‫كزرونة‬
‫ كسرى‬kisrā pl. ‫ اكاسرة‬akāsira, ‫ اكاسر‬akāsir2
Khosrau; designation of the Persian kings
in general
‫ كسع‬kasa‘a a to chase away (‫ ه‬s.o.); to strike,
shove, push, kick (‫ ه‬s.o. from behind) VIII
to put its tail (‫ )ب‬between its legs
‫ كسف‬kasafa i (‫ كسوف‬kusūf) to be or become
dark, gloomy; to be eclipsed, pass through
an eclipse (sun); -- to reprimand, reprove (
‫ ه‬s.o.); to abash, shame, put to shame (‫ه‬
s.o.) VII to be eclipsed; to be shamed, be
ashamed; to blush
‫ كسف‬kasf darkening, occultation,
eclipse; dark, darkness, gloominess
 ١ ‫كسوف‬cuaUf occultation, eclipse, solar
eclipse
‫ انكساف‬inkisāf occultation, eclipse, solar
eclipse
‫ كاسف‬kāsif dejected, downcast, sad,
worried, grieved; gloomy
‫ كسكس‬kaskasa to pound, bray, grind, powder,
pulverize; (eg.) to retreat, fall back,
withdraw
‫ كسكسو‬kuskusū and ‫ كسكسي‬kuskusī
couscous, dish prepared of groats and salt
water (staple food in northwest Africa)
‫ كسكاس‬kuskās, kaskās sieve for
preparing couscous
‫ كسل‬kasila a (kasal) to be lazy, idle, sluggish,
indolent, negligent; to idle, loaf II to make
lazy or negligent (‫ ه‬s.o.) VI = I
‫ كسل‬kasal laziness, sluggishness,
idleness, inactivity, loafing, indolence,
negligence
‫ كسل‬kasil and ‫ كسول‬kasūl lazy, idle
‫ كسالن‬kaslān f. ‫ كسلى‬،‫ ة‬kaslā, pl. ‫كسالى‬
kasālā, kusālā, ‫ كسلى‬kaslā lazy, sluggish,
slothful, indolent, idle, inactive
‫ كش‬kašša i to recoil (‫ من‬from)
‫ مكسال‬miksāl lazybones, sluggard, idler,
loafer
‫ تكاسل‬takāsul laziness, sluggishness,
indolence
‫ متكاسل‬mutakāsil lazy, sluggish,
slothful, indolent
‫ كسم‬kasama i (kasm) to make living (‫على عياله‬
‘alā ‘iyālihī for one’s family) II to give
form (‫ ھـ‬to s.th.), shape, fashion (‫ ھـ‬s.th.)
‫ كسم‬kasm cut, style (of a dress);
clothing, clothes, costume, fashion; form,
shape; manner, mode
‫ كسيم‬kasīm duty, rate, tax 827
‫ تكسيم‬taksīm forming, shaping,
fashioning, molding; O milling
‫ مكسم‬mukassam well-shaped, shapely
‫ )كسو‬and ‫ كسي( كسا‬kasā u (kasw) to
clothe, dress, garb, attire (‫ ھـ‬s.o. with or
in); to hang, drape, face, line, case (‫ ب‬or ‫ھـ‬
‫ ھـ‬s.th. with), incase (‫ ب‬or ‫ ھـ ھـ‬s.th. in); to
cover (‫ ب‬or ‫ ھـ ھـ‬s.th. with), put, slip (‫ ب‬or
‫ ھـ ھـ‬over s.th. s.th.) │ ‫كساه صبغة كذا‬
(ṣibgata) to give s.th. the appearance of ...,
make s.th. look like ...; -- ‫ كسي‬kasiya a (‫كسا‬
kasā) to be or get dressed; to dress IV to
clothe, dress, garb, attire (‫ ھـ ه‬s.o. with or
in) V to be dressed, be clothed, be garbed;
to clothe o.s., array o.s., attire o.s. (‫ ب‬with
or in); to cover o.s. VIII do.; to burst into
leaf (tree)
‫ كسوة‬kiswa pl. ‫ كسى‬kusan, kisan, ‫كساو‬
kasāwin clothing, clothes, apparel, attire,
raiment; dress, garment; suit of clothes;
uniform; draping, lining, casing, facing,
paneling, wainscoting (e.g., of walls) │
‫ )الكسوة )الشريفة‬the kiswa, the covering of
the Kaaba (black, brocaded carpet
covering the walls of the Kaaba, made
annually in Egypt and transported with the
pilgrimage caravan to Mecca); ‫كسوة التشريفة‬
full-dress uniform, gala uniform
‫ كساء‬kisā’ pl. ‫ اكسية‬aksiya garment;
dress
‫ تكسية‬taksiya clothing, dressing; draping,
lining, casing, facing, paneling,
wainscoting (e.g., of walls); course of
stones (of a macadam road)
‫ كشة‬kušša lock of hair
‫ كشتبان‬kuštubān, kuštibān pl. ‫ كشاتبين‬kašātibīn2
thimble
‫ كشح‬kašaḥa a (kašḥ): ‫( كشح له بالعداوة‬bi-
l-‘adāwa) to harbor enmity toward s.o.,
hate s.o.; -- to disperse, scatter, break up (‫ه‬
a crowd), send away, dismiss, drive away,
chase away (‫ ه‬s.o.) III ‫( كاشحة في العداوة‬bi-
l-‘adāwa) to harbor enmity toward s.o.,
hate s.o. VII to be dispersed, be scattered;
to disperse, scatter, break up; to be
dispelled
‫ كشح‬kašḥ pl. ‫ كشوح‬kušūḥ region of the
hip, haunch, flank, side, waist; Venus’s-
shell, cowrie │ ‫( طوى كشح على‬ṭawā
kašḥahū) to keep s.th. to o.s., keep s.th.
secret; ‫ طوى كشحه )كشحا( عن‬to turn from
s.o., break with s.o.; ‫( واله كشحه‬wallāhu) to
turn one’s back on s.o.
‫ كشاحة‬kušāḥa secret enmity, rancor,
grudge, resentment, hate
‫ كاشح‬kāšiḥ secret enemy
‫ كشر‬kašara i (kašr) and II to bare one’s teeth;
to grimace; to grin, smile (‫ الى‬at s.o.); to
scowl, glower, bear a grim expression │
‫ كشر عن اسنانه‬to bare or show one’s teeth;
‫ )كشر عن نابه )انيابه‬do.
‫ كشرة‬kišra grimace
‫ تكشيرة‬takšīra (n. vic.) flash of the teeth
‫ ھو جاري مكاشري‬huwa jārī mukāširī he is
my nearest neighbor
‫ انكشاري‬look up alphabetically
‫ كشط‬kašaṭa i (kašṭ) to take off (‫ ھـ‬a wrapping, a
covering); to pull off (‫ ھـ‬s.th.); to erase (‫ھـ‬
s.th. written); to remove (‫ ھـ‬s.th.); to
scratch off, scrape off (‫ ھـ‬s.th., ‫ ب‬e.g., with
a knife so as to clean it)
‫ مكشط‬mikšaṭ erasing knife
‫ كشب‬kašafa i (kašf) to pull away,
remove, take off, throw open, lift, raise (‫ھـ‬
a covering, a curtain, a veil, etc., ‫عن‬
from); to reveal, disclose, uncover,
expose, bare (‫ ھـ‬or ‫ عن‬s.th.); to clear up (‫ھـ‬
or ‫ عن‬s.th.), shed light (‫ ھـ‬or ‫ عن‬on); to
show, demonstrate (‫ ھـ‬or ‫ عن‬s.th.); to open
up, lay open, lay bare (‫ ھـ‬or ‫ عن‬s.th.); to
bring to light (‫ ھـ‬or ‫ عن‬s.th.); to study,
scrutinize, 828 investigate, examine (‫عن‬
s.th.); to examine medically (‫ على‬s.o.) │
‫ كشف القناع عن‬to unveil, unmask s.o. or
s.th.; ‫( كشف عليه طبيا‬ṭibbīyan) to examine
s.o. medically ; ‫كشفت الحرب عن ساقھا‬
(ḥarbu) the war was or become violent,
flared up; war broke out III to discuss,
reveal, manifest, demonstrate, show (‫ب ه‬
to s.o. s.th.), evince ( toward s.o. s.th.); to
make known (‫ ب‬or ‫ ھـ ه‬to s.o. s.th.),
inform (‫ ب‬or ‫ ھـ ه‬s.o. of) │ ‫( كاشفه بالعداوة‬bi-
l-‘adāwa) to manifest open hostility
toward s.o. V to be uncovered, be
exposed, be laid open, be bared, be
disclosed, be revealed, be brought to light;
to come to light, become visible, manifest
itself, show; to open, be opened up (‫عن‬
‫ شيء‬so as to reveal s.th.) │ ‫تكشف األمر عن ال‬
‫( شيء‬amru) the matter turned out to be of
no consequence; ‫تكشف عن منتھى العجز‬
(muntahā l-‘ajz) to show o.s. utterly
helpless VII to be removed, be lifted, be
raised (veil); to be uncovered, be
disclosed, be revealed, become manifest (
‫ ل‬to s.o.) VIII to discover (‫ ھـ‬s.th., esp.
scientifically); to find out, detect, uncover
(‫ ھـ‬s.th.) X to seek to discover (‫ ھـ‬s.th.); to
explore (‫ ھـ‬s.th.); to investigate (‫ ھـ‬s.th.),
search, inquire (‫ ھـ‬into s.th.); to scout,
reconnoiter (mil.); to discover (‫ ھـ‬s.th.,
scientifically); to detect, spot, seek out,
search out, find out (‫ ھـ‬s.th.)
‫ كشف‬kašf uncovering, disclosure;
baring, exposure, unveiling; revelation,
illumination (mys.); investigation, inquiry,
search, quest, study; examination,
scrutiny; inspection; boy scout movement;
-- (pl. ‫ كشوف‬kušūf, ‫ كشوفات‬kušūfāt) report,
account; statement, specification,
enumeration; table, schedule, chart; list,
roster, index, register, inventory; pl. ‫كشوف‬
discoveries │ ‫ كشف طبي‬ṭibbī) medical
examination; ‫ كشف االقتراع‬muster roll; ‫كشف‬
‫ الحساب‬bill, invoice
‫ كشفي‬kašfī of or pertaining to boy scouts
│ ‫( حركة كشفية‬ḥaraka) boy scout
movement
‫ كشاف‬kaššāf pl. ‫ كشافة‬kaššāfa discoverer,
inventor; explorer, reconnoiterer, scout;
boy scout │ O ‫( كشاف كھربائي‬kahrabā’ī)
searchlight; ‫( مصباح كشاف‬miṣbāḥ) and ‫نور‬
‫( كشاف‬nūr) pl. ‫ انوار كشافة‬do.
‫ كشافة‬kaššāfa exploration;
reconnaissance, reconnoitering, scouting
(mil.); boy scout movement, scouting
‫ كشافي‬kišāfī of boy scouts, boy scout
(adj.)
‫ كشيف‬kašīf uncovered, open, exposed
‫ اكتشاف‬iktišāf uncovering, disclosure,
detection, spotting, location; (pl. -āt)
(scientific) discovery
‫ استكشاف‬istikšāf uncovering,
clarification, elucidation; discovery; close
observation; reconnaissance,
reconnoitering, scouting (mil.) │ ‫طائرة‬
‫ االستكشاف‬reconnaissance plane; ‫االستكشاف‬
‫( البعيد المدى‬madā) long-range
reconnaissance
‫ استكشافي‬istikšāfī explorational,
exploratory, of discovery,
reconnaissance-, scout- (in compounds)
‫ كاشف‬kāšif pl. ‫ كشفة‬kašafa uncovering,
revealing, etc.; serving exploratory
purposes, instrumental in reconnaissance,
 conducive to discovery, detection or
disclosure; examiner, investigator,
discoverer; supervisor, inspector; (Eg.)
head of a muqāṭa‘a, district chief
(obsolete); detector (radio); ‫ كاشف‬and ‫كاشفة‬
reagent (chem.) │ ‫( ضوء كاشف‬ḍau’) pl.
‫ اضواء كاشفة‬and ‫( نور كاشف‬nūr) pl. ‫انوار كاشفة‬
search-light; O ‫( زورق كاشف األلغام‬zauraq)
mine-locating craft, mine sweeper; ‫كاشف‬
‫( بلوري‬ballūrī, billaurī) crystal detector
(radio); ‫ كاشف المحيط‬k. al-muḥīṭ periscope;
‫( بان بالكاشف‬bāna) to manifest itself clearly
and unmistakably 829
‫ مكشوف‬maksūf bared, exposed,
uncovered, open, roofless, coverless,
unveiled, naked, bare; (mil.) open,
undefended, devoid of military
installations or fortifications; uncovered
(com.) │ ‫ مكشوف الرأس‬m. ar-ra’s,
bareheaded, hatless; ‫ بالمكشوف‬or ‫على‬
‫ المكشوف‬openly, publicly, overtly, for
everyone to see
‫ مكتشف‬muktašif discoverer, explorer
‫ مكتشفات‬muktašafāt (scientific)
discoveries
1
‫ كشك‬kušk pl. ‫ اكشاك‬akšāk kiosk; summer-
house, pavilion, cabin, log cabin; hut,
shed, shanty; (telephone) booth; stall,
stand, booth (at a fair, etc.) │ ‫كشك االستحمام‬
bathhouse; beach chair; ‫ كشك االشارات‬k. al-
ilšārāt block station, signal box (railroad);
‫ كشك الديدبان‬k. ad-daidabān sentry box; O
‫( كشك محول‬muḥawwil) transformer house
2
‫ كشك‬kišk a dough made of bulgur and sour
milk, cut into small pieces, dried and need
for the preparation of other dishes (so in
Egypt; there are several other ways of
preparing it) │ (eg.) ‫ كشك الماز‬kišk almāz
asparagus
‫ كشكش‬kaškaša to rustle; to flee, run away; (eg.)
to pleat
‫ كشكش‬kaškaš pl. ‫ كشاكش‬kašākiš2 seam;
hem, edge, border
‫ رواية كشكشية‬riwāya kaškašīya
burlesque, popular comedy
‫ كشكول‬kaškūl beggar’s bag; scrapbook; album
‫ كشمش‬kišmiš a kind of currants
‫ كشمير‬kašmīr2 Kashmir (region in NE India);
kašmīr cashmere (a soft, twilled woolen
fabric)
‫ كشنى‬kušnā lentil tare, slender vetch (bot.)
□ ‫( كض‬for ‫ )كظ‬V to be replete, overfull,
overloaded, overburdened VIII to be
overfilled, be replete (‫ ب‬with s.th.), be
chock-full
‫ تكضكض‬takaḍkūḍ overexertion,
overstrain, overburdening
‫ كظ‬kaẓẓa u (kaẓẓ) to fill, overfill (‫ ھـ‬s.th.); to
burden, weight, encumber (‫ ھـ‬s.th.); to
overstuff, surfeit, cloy (‫ ھـ‬the
stomach)VIII to be crammed full, be jam-
packed, be overcrowded (‫ ب‬with, esp.
with people); to sate o.s. eat one’s fill; to
be overstuffed, be surfeited, be cloyed (‫ب‬
with); to be abundant, copious, plentiful
‫ كظة‬kiẓẓa gorging, cloying, overstuffing
(of the stomach); surfeit
‫ كظيظ‬kaẓīẓ overfilled, overstuffed,
cloyed, surfeited
‫ مكتظ‬muktaẓ overcrowded (‫ ب‬with, esp.
with people), crammed full, jam-packed (
‫ ب‬with), chock-full (‫ ب‬of)
‫ كظر‬kuẓr suet
‫ كظم‬kaẓama i (kaẓm, ‫ كظوم‬kuẓūm) to conceal or
suppress (‫ ھـ‬one’s anger); to be mum, keep
silent
‫ كظيم‬kaẓīm filled with anger
‫ كعب‬ka‘aba u i (‫ كعوب‬ku‘ūb) to be full and
round, be swelling (breasts) II to make
cubic, to cube (‫ ھـ‬s.th.); to dice (‫ ھـ‬s.th.)
‫ كعب‬ka‘b pl. ‫ كعاب‬ki‘āb, ‫ كعوب‬ku‘ūb
knot, knob, node (of cane); joint,
articulation; ankle, anklebone; heel (of the
fact, of a shoe); ferrule; die; cube; high
rank, fame, glory, honor │ ‫( كعب الكتاب‬pl.
‫ )كعوب‬spine of a book; ‫ ارقى كعبا‬arqā
ka‘ban abler, more capable, more
qualified, more efficient; ‫رجل عالي الكعب‬
rajul ‘ālī l-k. a distinguished, capable,
successful man; ‫‘ علو الكعب‬ulūw al-k. high
rank, outstanding position; ‫ ذھب كعبھم‬their
days of glory are past 830
‫ كعب‬ku‘b breasts, bosom
 ‫ كعبة‬ka‘ba pl. ka‘abāt cube, cubic
structure; ‫ الكعبة‬the Kaaba (in Mecca);
(fig.) shrine; object of veneration, focus of
interest
‫ كعبي‬ka‘bī cubic
‫ كعبة‬ku‘ba virginity
‫ كعاب‬ka‘āb having swelling breasts,
buxom (girl)
‫ ابو كعيب‬abū ku‘aib (eg.) mumps (med.)
‫ تكعيب‬tak‘īb cubing, dicing; raising to
the third power, cubing
‫ تكعيبة‬tak‘ība trellis, espalier
‫ تكعيبي‬tak‘ībī cubic
‫ كاعب‬kā‘ib pl. ‫ كواعب‬kawā‘ib2 well-
developed, full and round, swelling
(bosom); having swelling breasts, buxom
(girl); ‫ كواعب‬buxom girls
‫ مكعب‬muka‘‘ab cube-shaped, cubiform,
cubic; (pl. -āt) cube │ ‫( قدم مكعب‬qadam)
cubic foot; ‫( متر مكعب‬mitr) cubic meter
‫ كعبرة‬ku‘bura and ‫ كعبورة‬ku‘būra pl. ‫كعابر‬
ka‘ābir2 knotty excrescence, knot, knob,
node; ‫ كعبرة‬radius (anat.) │ ‫عظم الكعبرة‬
‘aẓm al-k. radius (anat.)
‫ مكعبر‬muka‘bar knotty, knobbed,
gnarled
‫ كعبل‬ka‘bala (eg.) to trip up (‫ ه‬s.o.); to make (‫ه‬
s.o.) stumble
‫ كعك‬ka‘k (coll.; n. un. ‫ )ة‬cake; designation of
various kinds of pastry, also of small
baked goods; pretzel (syr.)
‫ كعم‬ka‘ama a (ka‘m) to muzzle (‫ ھـ‬a camel); to
gag (‫ ه‬s.o.); to cap, seal (‫ ھـ‬a vessel)
‫ كغم‬abbreviation of ‫ كيلوغرام‬kīlogrām kilogram
‫ كف‬kaffa u (kaff) to border, edge, hem (‫ ھـ‬a
garment); to desist, refrain (‫ عن‬from),
cease, forbear (‫ عن‬doing s.th.), give up,
stop (‫ عن‬s.th.); to renounce, waive, forgo (
‫ عن‬s.th.), abstain (‫ عن‬from); to hold back,
restrain (‫ عن ه‬s.o. from); to hinder, prevent
(‫ عن ه‬s.o. from); to avert (‫ عن‬s.th.); to
check, curb, restrict (‫ من‬s.th.) │ ‫كف بصره‬
kaffa (and pass. kuffa) baṣaruhū to
become blind II to hem (‫ ھـ‬a garment) V to
beg VII to desist, refrain, abstain (‫عن‬
from) X to hold out the hand with an
imploring gesture, beg, practice begging;
to shade one’s eyes with the hand; to coil
(snake); to surround (‫ ل‬or ‫ حول‬s.o., s.th.),
flock around s.o. or s.th. (‫ حول‬،‫)ل‬
‫ كف‬kaff desistance, refraining (‫عن‬
from); abstaining, abstention (‫ من‬from);
cessation, suspension, stop, stoppage,
discontinuation (‫ عن‬of s.th.); -- kaff f., pl.
‫ كفوف‬kufūf, ‫ اكف‬akuff palm of the hand;
glove; paw, foot, claw (of an animal);
slap; scale (of a balance); handful; quire;
bar (of chocolate) │ ‫ كف مريم‬k. mayam
(eg.) agnus castus, chaste tree (Vitex
agnus-castus; bot.); rose of Jericho,
resurrection plant (Anastatica
hierochuntica L.; bot.); ‫الكف الجذماء‬
(jadmā’) star α in the constellation Cetus;
‫ الكف الخضيب‬star β in Cassiopeia; ‫كف األسد‬
k. al-asad lion’s-leaf (bot.); ‫وضع حياته على‬
‫( كفه‬ḥayātahū) to risk one’s life; ‫استدر األكف‬
istadarra l-akuffa to secure generous
contributions
‫ كفة‬kiffa, kaffa pl. ‫ كفف‬kifaf, ‫ كفاف‬kifāf
palm of the hand; scale (of a balance)
‫ كفة‬kaffa: ‫ كفة بارود‬k. bārūd (eg.)
cartridge pouch
‫ كفة‬kuffa pl. ‫ كفف‬kufaf edge, seam, hem,
border
‫ كفاف‬kafāf sufficiency, sufficient means
for a living
‫ كفاف‬kifāf border, edge, fringe, seam,
hem 831
‫ كفافة‬kifāfa hemming; hem
‫ كفيف‬kafīf blind │ ‫ كفيف البصر‬k. al-baṣar
blind
‫ كافة‬kāffa totality, entirety; (with foll.
genit.) all; the people, the masses, the
populace; kāffatan all without exception,
one and all; altogether, in the aggregate,
collectively
‫ مكفوف‬makfūf pl. ‫ مكافيف‬makāfīf blind
‫ كفأ‬kafa’a a (kaf’) to turn around, turn over,
reverse, invert (‫ ھـ‬s.th.); to turn away, turn
aside, turn back (‫ من‬from) III to reward (‫ه‬
s.o.); to requite,

‫ كفت‬kafata i (kaft) to restrain, detain, turn
return, repay,
recompense (‫ ب ھـ‬s.th. with); to
compensate, make up (‫ ب ھـ‬for s.th. with);
to be similar, equal (‫ ھـ‬to s.th.), equal (‫ھـ‬
s.th.), be commensurate (‫ ھـ‬with); to
measure up, come up (‫ ھـ‬to s.th.), compare
favorably (‫ ھـ‬with) IV to turn over,
reverse, invert (‫ ھـ‬s.th.) VI to be equal, be
on a par; to (counter)balance each other,
be perfectly matched VII to be turned
away, be turned aside; to be changed, be
‫ كفح‬kafḥ a (kafḥ) to face frankly, confront,
altered; to recede, change, fade (color); to
turn back, withdraw, retreat, fall back,
give way; to be inverted, be reversed, be
turned around or over; to fall down.
tumble, topple
‫ كفء‬kaf’, kif’, kuf’ pl. ‫ اكفاء‬akfā’, ‫كفاء‬
kifā’ equal, alike; adequate, appropriate,
suitable, fit (‫ ل‬for); equal (‫ ل‬to s.o.), a
match (‫ ل‬for); qualified, capable, able,
1
competent, efficient
‫ كفوء‬kufū’, ‫ كفؤ‬kufu’ equal, comparable (
‫ ل‬to), a match (‫ ل‬for)
‫ كفاء‬kifā’ an equivalent
‫ كفاء‬kafā’ equality; adequacy,
adequateness
‫ كفاءة‬kafā’a equality; adequacy,
adequateness; comparableness; fitness,
suitability, appropriateness; competence,
efficiency, ability, capability; pl. ‫كفاءات‬
qualifications, abilities, capabilities
‫ مكافأة‬mukāfa’a pl. -āt requital;
recompense, remuneration; compensation,
indemnification, indemnity; reward;
stipend
‫ تكافؤ‬takāfu’ mutual correspondence,
equivalence; homogeneity, sameness
‫ انكفاء‬inkifā’ retreat, withdrawal
‫ مكافئ‬mukāfi’ equal, (a)like, of the same
kind, homogeneous, corresponding,
commensurate, equivalent
‫ متكافئ‬mutakāfi’ alike, (mutually)
corresponding, commensurate, equivalent,
equal
away, prevent, hold back (‫ من ه‬s.o. from)
II to plate (‫ ب ھـ‬s.th. with); to inlay (‫ھـ‬
s.th.)
‫ كفت‬kift cooking pot
‫ كفتة‬kufta meat balls, hamburgers,
oblong or round │ ‫( سمك كفتة‬samak) fried
fish cakes; ‫ كفتة بطاطس‬potato dumplings
stuffed with meat
‫ كفيت‬takfīt inlaid work, inlay; plating,
platework
‫ مكفت‬mukaffat inlaid; coated, overlaid,
plated
encounter or meet face to face (‫ ه‬s.o.) III =
I; to combat (‫ ه‬s.o., ‫ ھـ‬s.th.), fight, battle,
struggle, contend (‫ ه‬against); to defend (‫عن‬
s.th.), fight (‫ عن‬for) │ ‫( كافح اموره‬umūrahū)
to manage one’s affairs personally
‫ كفاح‬kifāḥ and ‫ مكافحة‬mukāfaḥa
opposition, fight, battle, struggle (with
genit.: against); contention, strife
‫ كفر‬kafara i (kafr) to cover, hide (‫ ھـ‬s.th.); --
(kufr, ‫ كفران‬kufrān, ‫ كفور‬kufūr) to be
irreligious, be an infidel, not to believe (
‫ با‬in God); ‫ كفر با‬also: to blaspheme
God, curse, swear; to 632 renege one’s
faith. become an infidel; to be ungrateful (
‫ ب‬or ‫ ھـ‬for a benefit) II to cover, hide (‫ھـ‬
s.th.); to expiate (‫ عن‬s.th.); to do penance,
 atone, make amends (‫ ب عن‬for s.th. by or
with); to grant remission (‫ ھـ عن‬to s.o. of
his sins); to forgive (‫ عن‬or ‫ ل ھـ‬s.th. to
s.o.), grant pardon (‫ عن‬or ‫ ل ھـ‬for s.th. to
s.o.); to make (‫ ه‬s.o.) an infidel, seduce (‫ه‬
s.o.), o unbelief; to accuse of infidelity,
charge with unbelief (‫ ه‬s.o.) IV to make (‫ه‬
s.o.) an infidel; to call (‫ ه‬s.o.) an infidel,
accuse (‫ ه‬s.o.) of infidelity
‫ كفر‬kafr pl. ‫ كفور‬kufūr small village,
hamlet
‫ كفر‬kufr and ‫ كفران‬kufrān unbelief,
infidelity │ ‫ كفر با‬godlessness, atheism;
blasphemy, profanity; ‫( كفران بالنعمة‬ni’ma)
ingratitude, ungratefulness
‫ كفار‬kaffār infidel, unbeliever
‫ كفارة‬kaffāra penance, atonement (‫عن‬
for a sin), expiation (‫ عن‬of); reparation,
amends; expiatory gifts, expiations
(distributed to the poor at a funeral)
‫ تكفير‬takfīr expiation (‫ عن‬of),
atonement, penance (‫ عن‬for a sin);
seduction to infidelity; charge of unbelief
‫ كافر‬kāfir pl. –ūn, ‫ كفار‬kuffār, ‫كفرة‬
kafara, ‫ كفار‬kifār irreligious, unbelieving;
unbeliever, infidel, atheist; ungrateful │
‫( كافر بالنعمة‬ni’ma) ungrateful
2
‫ كافور‬look up alphabetically
‫ كفس‬kafisa a (kafas) to be bandy-legged VII
do.
‫ اكفس‬akfas2, f. ‫ كفساء‬kafsā’2, pl. ‫ كفس‬kufs
bandy-legged
‫ كفكف‬kafkafa to hold back (‫ ھـ‬tears)
‫ كفل‬kafala u (kafl, ‫ كفالة‬kafāla) to feed, support
(‫ ه‬s.o.), provide (‫ ه‬for s.o.; ‫‘ عائلة‬ā’ilatan
for a family); -- kafala u i, kafila a and
kafula u (kafl, ‫ كفول‬kufūl, ‫ كفالة‬kafāla) to
vouch, answer, go bail, be guaranty, be or
stand sponsor, be responsible, liable, ‫ كفن‬kafana i (kafn) to cover with a winding
answerable (‫ ب‬for); to guarantee, sponsor
(‫ ه‬s.o.); to be legal guardian (‫ ه‬of s.o.); to
secure; to warrant, ensure (‫ ھـ‬s.th.); to
guarantee (‫ ل ھـ‬s.th. to s.o.); O to cover,
back (currency with gold) II to feed,
support (‫ ه‬s. o.), provide (‫ ه‬for); to admit
as security sponsor or bail (‫ ه‬s.o.); to name
sponsor, ask to be security or to go bail, ‫ كفھر‬IV kafhara (‫ اكفھرار‬ikfihrār) to be dark,
appoint security or bail (‫ ه‬s.o.) III to
conclude an agreement, make a contract (‫ه‬
with s.o.) IV to appoint as security,
sponsor or bail (‫ ه‬s.o.), make (‫ ه‬s.o.) go
bail V to be security, go bail, vouch, be or
become responsible, answerable or liable (
‫ ب ل‬to s.o. for), be sponsor (‫ ب ل‬of s.o. for
s.th.), guarantee (‫ ب ل‬to s.o. s.th.); to
obligate o.s. pledge o.s. (‫ ب ل‬to s.o. to do
s.th.); to undertake, take upon o.s. (‫ ب‬s.th.)
VI to vouch for each other, guarantee each
other
‫ كفل‬kafl guaranty, warranty
‫ كفل‬kafal pl. ‫ اكفال‬akfāl, ‫ كفول‬kufūl rump,
buttocks; croup of a horse
‫ كفالة‬kafāla bail, guaranty, security,
sponsorship; pledge, deposit, surety,
collateral │ ‫( كفالة مالية‬mālīya) surety,
security; bail; caution money; ‫كفالة بالنفس‬
(nafs) bail (esp. for due appearance of a
person in court; Isl. Law); ‫في كفالة فالن‬
under the protection or tutelage of s.o., in
s.o.’s custody
‫ كفيل‬kafīl pl. ‫ كفالء‬kufalā’2 responsible,
liable, answerable; bail, bailsman,
security, surety, sponsor, bondsman;
guarantor (‫ ب‬of s.th.); vouching (‫ ب‬for
s.th.), guaranteeing (‫ ب‬s.th.); protector;
legal guardian │ ‫( كفيل بالنفس‬nafs) bail,
bailsman (esp. one guaranteeing the due
appearance of a person in court; Isl. Law)
833
‫ تكافل‬takāful mutual or joint
responsibility; solidarity; mutual
agreement
‫ كافل‬kāfil pl. ‫ كفل‬kufal breadwinner,
supporter, provider; bail, bailsman,
security, surety, sponsor, bondsman;
protector; legal guardian
‫ )مكفول )به‬makfūl (bihī) guaranteed;
covered, backed (banknotes in circulation)
sheet, to shroud, dress for the grave (‫ ھـ‬the
deceased) II do.; to wrap (‫ ب ھـ‬s.th. in),
cover (‫ ب ھـ‬s.th. with)
‫ كفن‬kafn saltless
‫ كفن‬kafan pl. ‫ اكفان‬akfān shroud,
winding sheet
grow dark, darken, be or become gloomy
 ‫ اكفھرار‬ikfihrār darkness, dark; dusk,
gloom, gloominess
‫ مكفھر‬mukfahirr dim, dusky, gloomy;
clouded, overcast; grave, sullen,
melancholy
‫ كفى‬kafā i (‫ كفاية‬kifāya) to be enough, sufficient
(‫ ه‬for s.o.), suffice (‫ ه‬s.o.); to meet all
requirements; to protect (‫ ه ه‬s.o. from s.o.,
‫ ھـ ه‬s.o. from s.th.); to save, spare (‫ ھـ ه‬s.o.
a trouble) │ ‫ وكفى‬wa-kafā and that’s all!
enough of that! that’s enough! ‫كفى الل عنك‬
may God give satisfaction in your stead,
or, may God make up for your
shortcoming (said to s.o. making a
mistake, or showing himself inadequate);
‫( كفى با وكيال‬wakīlan) God is the best
protector; ‫( كفى حزنا ان‬ḥazanan) it is sad
enough that ...; ‫( كفاه مؤنة كذا‬mu’nata) to
save s.o. the trouble of ... III to be
sufficient, enough (‫ ه‬for s.o.), suffice (‫ه‬
s.o.); to requite, repay, recompense,
reward (‫ ب ه‬s.o. with) VIII to be content,
content o.s. (‫ ب‬with s.th.)
‫ كفاية‬kifāya sufficient amount, degree,
extent, etc., sufficiency; that which
suffices for performing a duty, a task, etc.;
capability, capacity, ability, qualification;
appropriateness, suitability, fitness;
competence, efficiency, skill │ ‫بالكفاية‬
sufficiently, enough; ‫ كفاية القتال‬fighting
power; ‫‘ عدم الكفاية الجنسية‬adam al-k. al-
jinsīya sexual impotence; ‫في ھذا كفاية‬
enough of that, that’s enough
‫ كفي‬kafīy sufficient, enough
‫ مكافاة‬mukāfāh reward; gratification
‫ اكتفاء‬iktifā’ contentedness, contentment
‫ كاف‬kāfin pl. ‫ كفاة‬kufāh sufficient,
enough, adequate; appropriate, suitable,
suited, fit; capable, able, qualified, skilled,
skillful, competent, efficient
‫ مكتف‬muktafin contented, content
1 all-embracing, all-comprehensive, all-
‫ كال‬kilā, f. ‫ كلتا‬kiltā; ‫ كلي‬kilai, f. ‫ كلتي‬kiltai (with
dependent genit. or suffix) both (of); see
also alphabetically
2
‫ كل‬kalla i (kall, ‫ كلة‬killa, ‫ كالل‬kalāl, ; ‫كاللة‬
kalāla, ‫ كلول‬kulūl, ‫ كلولة‬kulūla) to be or
become tired, fatigued, weary, exhausted,
weak; to be dim, dull, languid,
expreosionless, (glance, eyes); to become
blunt (sword) │ ‫ ال يكل‬indefatigable,
untiring II to crown (‫ ه‬s.o., also fig. ‫ھـ‬
s.th.); (Chr.) to perform the marriage
ceremony
(priest); to become dull, obtuse,
expressionless (face); to become blunt
(sword) │ ‫ كلل بالنجاح‬kullila bi-l-najāḥ to
be crowned by success IV to make
languid or tired, to weary, tire, fatigue,
exhaust, wear out, harass, torment (‫ ه‬s.o.);
to dim (‫ ھـ‬the glance) V to be crowned; to
wear a crown; (Chr.) to be married
‫ كل‬kall weariness, tiredness, fatigue,
exhaustion; dimness, dullness; dull, dim,
feeble (glance, mind) 834
‫ كلة‬killa pl. -āt, ‫ كلل‬kilal thin veil, drape,
curtain; mosquito net
‫ كلل‬kalal, ‫ كالل‬kalāl and ‫ كاللة‬kalāla
weariness, tiredness, fatigue, exhaustion;
dimness, dullness
‫ كليل‬kalīl exhausted, tired, weary, faint,
languid; weak, feeble; dull, blunt
‫ اكليل‬iklīl pl. ‫ اكاليل‬akālīl2, ‫ اكلة‬akilla
crown; diadem; chaplet, wreath, garland,
festoon; tonsure (Chr.); wedding,
marriage ceremony (Chr.); umbel (bot.) │
‫ اكليل الجبل‬i. al-jabal rosemary (bot.); ‫اكليل‬
‫ الشوك‬i. aš-šauk crown of thorns; ‫اكليل الملك‬
i. al-malik yellow sweet clover, melilot
(Melilotus officinalis L.; bot.)
‫ تكليل‬taklīl coronation, crowning
‫ كال‬kāll tired, fatigued, faint, languid
‫ مكلل‬mukallal adorned with a wreath,
crowned; married (Chr.)
3
‫ كل‬kull totality, entirety; everyone, each one,
anyone; (with foil. def. noun) whole,
entire, all; (with fall. indef. noun) every;
‫ الكل‬the whole. all, everything │ ‫ بالكل‬on
the whole, in the aggregate, taken
altogether, in bulk; ‫ الكل بالكل‬everything,
powerful; ‫( كل من فالن وفالن وفالن‬kullun
min) A as well as B as well as C; ‫على كل‬
‘alā kullin in any case, at any rate; ‫كله‬
kulluhū he entirely, all of him, it entirely,
all of it; ‫ كل ذلك‬kullu dālika all that; ‫كل البيت‬
kullu l-baiti or ‫ البيت كله‬al-b. kulluhū the
whole house; ‫ كل الرجال‬or ‫ الرجال كلھم‬all
men; ‫( الحقيقة كل الحقيقة‬kullu l-ḥ.) the whole
 truth, nothing but the truth; ‫السر كل السر‬
(sirr) a very great secret; ‫الخير كل الخير‬
(kair) true or complete happiness; ‫كل رجل‬
kullu rajulin every man; ‫ كل شيء‬k. šai’in
every thing, everything, all; ‫ كل احد‬k.
aḥadin and ‫ كل واحد‬k. wāḥidin every
(single) one, each one; ‫ كل من‬kullu man
everyone who, whoever, whosoever; ‫كل ما‬
kullu mā all that …, whatever,
whatsoever; ‫ كل ما في األمر ان‬k. mā fī l-amri
anna there is no more to it than ..., it’s
nothing but ...; ‫ كل وقت‬kulla waqtin at any
time, always; ‫ في كل سبعة ايام‬fī kulli sab‘ati
ayyāmin in each seven days, every seven
days; ‫ لكل الف‬li-kulli alfin per (one)
thousand
‫ كلما‬kullamā whenever; the more ..., in
the same measure as … │ ‫ كلما – كلما‬the
more -- the more
‫ كلي‬kullī total, entire, all-round, overall,
sweeping, comprehensive, complete;
absolute, universal
‫ كلية‬kullīya totality, entirety; integrity,
wholeness, entireness, completeness; (pl.
-āt) faculty, school (of a university);
college; institute of higher learning,
academy, secondary school; ‫ كليات‬the
complete works (of an author); ‫ الكليات‬the
five logical predicates or general
conceptions (philos.); kullīyatan wholly,
entirely, totally, absolutely │ ‫ بالكلية‬on the
whole, in the aggregate, altogether; -- ‫ال‬
‫ بالكلية‬not at all, absolutely not; ‫ بكليته‬in its
entire being, completely, totally, entirely,
wholly; ‫ كلية التجارة‬commercial college; ‫كلية‬
‫( حربية‬ḥarbīya) military academy
4
‫ كلة‬kulla pl. ‫ كلل‬kulal bullet; cannon ball; shell,
grenade; a marble
‫ كال‬kallā not at all, on the contrary; by no
means! certainly not! never! no! (see also
1
‫( كل │ كال ثم كال‬tumma) a thousand times
no! not at all!
‫ كأل‬kala’a a (‫ كلء‬kal’, ‫ كالء‬kilā’, ‫ كالءة‬kilā’a) to
guard, preserve, watch, protect (‫ ه‬s.o.)
VIII to find no sleep (eye)
‫ كأل‬kala’ pl. ‫ اكالء‬aklā’ grass, herbage,
pasture
‫ كلوء‬kalū’: ‫ كلوء العين‬k. al-‘ain sleepless,
awake 835
‫ كالسكي‬kilāsikī classic(a1)
‫ كالكس‬kalāks pl. -āt horn of an automobile
‫ كلب‬kaliba a (kalab) to be seized by
hydrophobia; to become mad, crazy; to
covet greedily (‫ على‬s.th.) VI to rage, rave,
storm; to fan, pounce, rush in (‫ على‬upon),
assail (‫ على‬s.o.); to assail each other, rush
against each other X to be raging, raving,
rabid, furious, mad, frenzied, possessed
‫ كلب‬kalb pl. ‫ كالب‬kilāb dog │ ‫الكلب األكبر‬
the constellation Canis Major with its
main star Sirius; ‫ الكلب األصغر‬the
constellation Canis Minor with its main
star Procyon; ‫ كلب البحر‬k. al-baḥr shark;
‫ كلب الماء‬otter; beaver
‫ كلبة‬kalba pl. -āt bitch
‫ كلبي‬kalbī canine (adj.)
‫ كلب‬kalab rabies, hydrophobia; burning
thirst; greed (‫ على‬for)
‫ كلب‬kalib affected with rabies, rabid;
mad; greedy
‫ كالب‬kullāb and ‫ كلوب‬kallūb pl. ‫كالليب‬
kalālīb2 hook; cramp
‫ كالبة‬kullāba pl. -āt (pair of) pincers,
tongs
‫ كليب‬kalīb pl. ‫ كلبى‬kalbā affected with
rabies, rabid, raging
‫ تكالب‬takālub fierce struggle, dogfight,
free-for-all, melee, brawl; avidity, greed
‫ مكلوب‬maklūb rabid, frenzied, crazed,
possessed
‫ كلبش‬kalabš manacles, handcuffs
‫ كلت‬kalata i to pour, pour out (‫ ھـ‬s.th.)
‫ كلح‬kalaḥa a (‫ كالح‬kulāḥ, ‫ كلوح‬kulūḥ) to frown,
scowl, look gloomy IV and V do.
‫ كلحة‬kalaḥa zone around the mouth,
mien, facial expression
‫ كالح‬kāliḥ grave, austere, somber,
gloomy; fallow, livid, dull grey; turned
colorless, faded
‫ كلخ‬kalk giant fennel (Ferula communis L.;
Ferula sinaica B.; bos.); -- (eg.) kalak
ammoniac
‫ الكلدان‬al-kaldān the Chaldeans
 ‫ كلداني‬kaldānī Chaldean (adj. and n.);
astrologer
1
‫ كلس‬II to plaster with lime, whitewash (‫ھـ‬
s.th.); to calcine, calcify (‫ ھـ‬s.th.)
‫ كلس‬kils lime
‫ كلسي‬kilsī calcic, limy, lime- (in
compounds) │ ‫ حجارة كلسية‬limestone
‫ كالسة‬kallāsa limekiln
‫ مكلس‬mukallas calcified
2
‫( كلسة‬It. calza) kalsa pl. -āt stocking
‫ كواليس‬see ‫كوليس‬
‫( كلسون‬Fr. caleçon) kalsūn pl. -āt (pair of
men’s) drawers
‫( كلسيطة‬It. calzeta) kalsīṭa pl. ‫ كالسط‬kalāsiṭ2
stocking
‫ كلسيوم‬kalsiyōm calcium
‫ كلف‬kalifa a (kalaf) to become brownish red
(face); to become freckled, be covered
with freckles; to like (‫ ب‬s.th.), be intent,
bent, set. keen (‫ ب‬on), be very attached (‫ب‬
to s.o. or s.th.), be very fond (‫ ب‬of s.o. or
s.th.); to be in love, fall in love (‫ ب‬with
s.o.) II to commission, charge, entrust (‫ه‬
s.o., ‫ ب‬or ‫ ھـ‬with), assign (‫ ب‬or ‫ ھـ ه‬to s.o.
a task, a job); to cost (‫ ھـ ه‬s.o. a certain
amount) │ ‫( كلف خاطره‬kāṭirahū) (eg.) to
take the trouble, go to the trouble, bother;
to put s.o. to the trouble, bother s.o.; ‫كلفه‬
‫( شططا‬šaṭaṭan) to overtask s.o., expect or
demand too much of s.o.; (‫ مشقة‬... or
٨٣٦ ... ‫( كلف نفسه عناء‬... ‫‘( مؤونة‬anā’a,
ma‘ūnata, mašaqqata) to take the trouble
to ..., to bother to ..., go to the trouble of
…; ‫( كلفه ثمنا باھظا‬tamanan) to cost s.o.
dearly; ‫( مھما كلفه األمر‬mahmā, amr)
whatever it may cost him, at any cost V to
burden o.s., be burdened (‫ ھـ‬or ‫ ب‬with
s.th.); to take upon o.s. (‫ ھـ‬a job, a task,
coats, an office, etc.); to take over, defray,
have to bear (‫ ھـ‬s.th., e.g., expenses); to do
reluctantly or unwillingly, do in a studied
or affected manner, simulate, feign, affect
(‫ ھـ‬s.th.); to force o.s. (‫ ھـ‬to do s.th.). do
s.th. (‫ )ھـ‬with difficulty, e.g., ‫تكلف الضحك‬
(ḍaḥk) to force a laugh; to be affected,
mannered, unnatural, stiff, formal,
ceremonious, punctilious, stand on
ceremony; to employ (‫ ھـ‬e.g., care), spend
(‫ على ھـ‬an amount for); to cost (‫ على‬s.o., ‫ھـ‬
so-and-so much)
‫ كلف‬kalaf (coll.; n. un. ‫ )ة‬freckles │ ‫كلف‬
‫ الشمس‬k. aš-šams sunspots
‫ كلف‬kalif very much in love (‫ ب‬with),
very attached (‫ ب‬to), very fond (‫ ب‬of)
‫ كلفة‬kulfa pl. ‫ كلف‬kulaf discomfort;
trouble, inconvenience; nuisance;
ceremonial, ceremony, formality,
ceremoniousness, affectedness of
behavior, affectation, mannerism, pose;
costs, expenses, expenditure, outlay;
trimmings, fittings, accessories, notions,
ornaments (buttons, buckles, clasps,
braiding, lace, etc.); lady’s maid │ ‫الكلف‬
‫( الشمسية‬šamsīya) the sunspots
‫ كالف‬kallāf stable hand, hostler, groom
‫ كالفي‬kallāfī hirer of donkeys
‫ اكلف‬aklaf2, f. ‫ كلفاء‬kalfā’2, pl. ‫ كلف‬kulf
brownish red, russet; freckled; spotted
‫ تكليف‬taklīf pl. ‫ تكاليف‬takālīf2 burdening,
bothering, troubling, inconveniencing;
commissioning, charging, authorization;
commandment (of God); burden,
annoyance, nuisance, bother; trouble,
inconvenience, discomfort; fuss, ado;
formality, ceremonial of courtesy,
ceremony; expenses, expenditure, outlay,
costs, charges, overhead; prime cost;
taxes, imposts, duties; taxation,
encumbrance with a tax; legal capacity
(Isl. Law) │ ‫ بال تكليف‬informal(ly),
unceremonious(ly), without (standing on)
ceremony; ‫ كشف التكليف‬kašf at-t. terrier;
‫ تكاليف المعيشة‬t. al-ma‘īša cost of living
‫ تكلف‬takalluf constraint, unnaturalness
of manner; mannerism, airs, affectation,
affected behavior; studied, unnatural
manner; dissimulation, hypocrisy
‫ مكلف‬mukallaf commissioned,
authorized, charged (‫ ب‬with); obligated,
under obligation, liable (‫ ب‬to do s.th.),
responsible (‫ ب‬for); bound, obliged (‫ ب‬to
do s.th.); subject to taxation, taxable;
taxpayer; obligated to observe the
precepts of religion (Isl. Law); legally
capable, sane in mind, compos mentis (Isl.
Law) │ ‫ مكلف بالشؤون‬chargé d’affaires,
diplomatic envoy
 ‫ مكلفة‬mukallafa pl. -āt (eg.) terrier
‫ متكلف‬mutakallaf formal, ceremonial,
ceremonious; affected, studied, forced,
outward., sham, false, artificial │ ‫ضحكة‬
‫( متكلفة‬ḍahka) forced laugh
‫ كلك‬kalak pl. -āt (ir.) raft of inflated skins
‫ كلكتا‬kalkattā Calcutta (city in NE India)
‫ كالكيع‬kalākī‘2: ‫ كالكيع العظام‬k. al-‘iẓām bone
fragments
‫ كلكل‬kalkala and II takalkala to become callous
(skin)
‫ كلكل‬kalkal pl. ‫ كالكل‬kalākil2 chest,
thorax │ ‫ تحت كلكله‬,‫ تحت كالكله‬under the 837
oppressive burden of s.th.; ‫ بكلكله‬to oppress
s.o. gravely, weigh heavily upon s.o.
‫ كلكلة‬kalkala callosity, callus
‫ مكلكل‬mukalkal callous (skin)
‫ كلم‬II to address (‫ ه‬s.o.), speak, talk (‫ ه‬to or with
s.o.) III to speak, talk, converse (‫ ه‬with
s.o.) V to speak, talk (‫ مع‬with or to s.o., ‫عن‬
or ‫ على‬about, of); to utter, express, voice,
say (‫ ب‬or ‫ ھـ‬s.th.)
‫ كلم‬kalm pl. ‫ كلوم‬kulūm, ‫ كالم‬kilām
wound, cut, slash
‫ كلمة‬kalima pl. -āt (coll. ‫ كلم‬kalim) word;
speech, address; utterance, remark,
saying; aphorism, maxim; brief
announcement, a few (introductory)
words; short treatise; importance, weight,
influence, authority, ascendancy, powerful
position │ ‫ كلمة فكلمة‬kalimatan fa-
kalimatan word by word, literally; ‫بكلمة‬
‫( اخرى‬ukra) in other words; ‫ القى كلمة‬alqā
kalimatan to make a speech, give a public
address; ‫ لي كلمة معك‬I’ve got to talk to you;
‫( جمعوا كلمتھم على‬jama’ū kalimatahum) they
decided unanimously to ..., they were
unanimous about ...; ‫ اجتمعت كلمتھم‬ijtama’at
kalimatuhum they united, joined forces,
came to an agreement; ‫اجتمعت كلمتھم على‬
they were agreed that ...; ‫ توحيد الكلمة‬or ‫جمع‬
‫ الكلمة‬jam’ al-k. union, joining of forces,
unanimity; ‫ اتحاد الكلمة‬ittiḥād al-k. concord,
agreement, harmony; ‫ تقسيم الكلمة‬dissension,
variance, disunion; ‫( اعلى كلمته‬a’lā) to raise
the prestige of s.o.; ‫‘ علو الكلمة‬ulūw al-k.
‫ كلما‬kullamā see 2‫كل‬
and ‫‘( الكلمة العليا‬ulyā) supremacy,
hegemony; ‫ قال كلمته‬he said what he had to
say, he had his say; ‫ كلمة ﷲ‬the word of
God, the Holy Scriptures; O ‫كلمة المرور‬
password, watchword, parole; ‫الكلمات العشر‬
(‘ašr) the ten Commandments; ‫كلمة تمھيدية‬
(tamhīdīya) preface; ‫ كلمة السر‬k. as-sirr,
(ir.) ‫ كلم السر‬kalim as-sirr parole, watch-
word, countersign
‫ كالم‬kalām talking, speaking; speech;
language, mode of expression, style; talk,
conversation, discussion; debate, dispute,
controversy; words, word, saying,
utterance, statement, remark; aphorism,
maxim, phrase, idiom, figure of speech;
(gram.) sentence, clause │ ‫ بالكالم‬orally,
verbally; ‫( فتح فمه بالكالم‬famahū) to open
one’s mouth in order to say s.th., prepare
to say s.th.; ‫ كالم فارغ‬idle talk, prattle,
poppycock, bosh, nonsense; ‫طريق الكالم‬
manner of speaking, diction; ‫‘ علم الكالم‬ilm
al-k. scholastic theology (Isl.); ‫كثير الكالم‬
talkative, loquacious, garrulous; ‫لغة الكالم‬
lugat al-k. colloquial language, everyday
speech
‫ كالمي‬kalāmī of or pertaining to speech
or words, speech-, word- (in oompounds),
verbal; spoken, oral; scholastic,
theological │ ‫( مشادة كالمية‬mašādda) battle
of words, dispute, altercation
‫ كليم‬kalīm pl. ‫ كلمى‬kalmā wounded,
injured; sore; -- (pl. ‫ كلماء‬kulamā’) person
addressed; speaker, spokesman,
mouthpiece │ ‫ كليم ﷲ‬epithet of Moses
‫ كليم‬see also alphabetically
‫ كلماني‬kalmānī, kalamānī, killimānī
eloquent; fluent speaker
‫ تكالم‬tiklām, tikillām and ‫ تكالمة‬tiklāma,
tikillāma eloquent; good talker,
conversationalist; talkative, loquacious,
garulous
‫ مكالمة‬mukālama talk, conversation,
discussion │ ‫ مكالمة تليفونية‬telephone
conversation
‫ تكلم‬takallum speaking; talk,
conversation; speech
‫ متكلم‬mutakallim speaking (act. part.);
speaker, spokesman; first person (gram.);
Muslim theologian, scholastic 838
‫ كالون‬look up alphabetically
‫ كلية‬kulya and ‫ كلوة‬kulwa pl. ‫ كلى‬kulan, □ ‫كالوى‬
kalāwī kidney
‫ كلوي‬kulwī of or pertaining to the
kidneys, renal, nephric, nephritic, nephro-
(in compounds) │ ‫ التھاب كلوي‬inflammation
of the kidneys, nephritis; ‫( مغص كلوي‬magṣ)
renal colic
‫ كليشيه‬kilīšēh pl. -āt cliché
‫ كليم‬kilīm pl. ‫ اكلمة‬aklima kilim, carpet, rug
(usually long and narrow)
1 chestnut, bay, maroon
‫ كم‬kam (interrogative and exclamatory particle
with foll. noun in acc.) how much? how
many! how much! │ ‫( كم ولد لك‬waladan)
how many sons do you have? ‫كم مرة‬
(marratan) or ‫ كم من مرة‬how many times?
how often? how often! ‫( كم بالحري‬ḥarīy)
how much more ...! how much rather ...!
‫ بكم‬for how much? how much (is it)?
2
‫ كم‬kamm amount, quantity │ ‫نظرية الكم‬
naẓariyat al-k. quantum theory (phys.)
‫ كمي‬kammī quantitative
‫ كمية‬kammīya pl. -āt amount, quantity,
magnitude
3
‫ كم‬kamma u (kamm) to cover, cover up,
conceal, hide, cloak (‫ ھـ‬s.th.); to plug up,
stop up (‫ ھـ‬s.th.); to muzzle (‫ ھـ‬s.o.) │ ‫كم‬
‫( فمه‬famahū) to stop s.o.’s mouth, silence
s.o. II to muzzle (‫ ھـ‬s.o.); to muffle s.o.’s (
‫ )ه‬mouth; O to spike (‫ ھـ‬a cannon); to
provide with sleeves (‫ ھـ‬a garment) IV to
provide with sleeves (‫ ھـ‬a garment)
‫ كم‬kumm pl. ‫ اكمام‬akmām, ‫ كممة‬kimama
sleeve
‫ كم‬kimm pl. ‫ اكمام‬akmām, ‫ اكمة‬akimma,
‫ كمام‬kimām, ‫ اكاميم‬akāmīm2 calyx (bot.);
perianth (bot.)
‫ كمام‬kimām muzzle
‫ كمامة‬kimāma pl. -āt, ‫ كمائم‬kamā’im 2 pack
muzzle; cloth for muffling the mouth;
mask; O gas mask; perianth, calyx
‫ كمء‬kam’ pl. ‫ اكمؤ‬akmu’ truffle; mushroom
‫ كمأة‬kam’a (pl.) truffles
‫ كما‬ka-mā see ‫ ك‬ka
‫ كمان‬kamān violin, fiddle
‫ كمانجي‬kamānjī player of a ‫( كمنجة‬q.v.)
‫( كمب‬Engl.) kamb camp
‫( كمبيالة‬It. cambiale) kambiyāla pl. -āt bill of
exchange, draft
‫ كمبريت‬kambarīt batiste, cambric
‫( كمبيو‬It. cambio) kambiyō exchange, money
exchange; rate of exchange
‫ كمت‬kamata u (kamt) to suppress (‫ ھـ‬one’s
anger)
‫ كميت‬kumait (m. and f.) reddish-brown,
‫ كمثرى‬kummatrā (coll.; n. un. ‫ كمثراة‬kummatrāh
pl. ‫ كمثريات‬kummatrayāt) pear
‫ كمح‬kamaḥa a (kamḥ) to pull up, rein in (‫ ھـ‬an
animal) IV do.
1
‫ كمخ‬kamaka a (kamk) with ‫ بانفه‬bi-anfihī to
turn up one’s nose, be haughty IV = I
‫ كماخ‬kumāk pride, haughtiness,
overweening, self-conceit
2
‫ كامخ‬kāmak, kāmik pl. ‫ كوامخ‬kawāmik2 vinegar
sauce, pickle; (mixed) pickles
3
‫ كمخا‬kamkā silk fabric, damask
‫ كمد‬kamida a (kamd) to be sad, grieved,
distressed, heartsick; to be smutty,
swarthy, dull, flat (color); to fade, lose
color, become discolored II to apply a hot
compress, a hot pack (‫ ھـ‬to a limb) IV to
sadden, grieve, worry, make heartsick (‫ه‬
s.o.) X to become smutty, swarthy, dull,
flat; to darken, become dark (color) 839
‫ كمد‬kamd, kamad and ‫ كمدة‬kumda dull,
swarthy color; dullness, duskiness,
swarthiness; sadness, grief
‫ كمد‬kamid and ‫ كميد‬kamld aad, grieved.
worried. heartaick; gloomy. dark
‫ كمد‬kimād and ‫ كمادة‬kimāda compress,
‫ اكمد‬akmad2 dark-colored, blackish,
swarthy
‫ تكميد‬takmīd application of hot
compresses, fomentation
‫ كامد‬kāmid sad, grieved, worried,
heartsick; gloomy, dark; swarthy, dark-
colored
‫ مكمد‬mukammad and ‫ مكمدة‬mukammada
pl. -āt compress, pack
1
‫ كمر‬kamar pl. ‫ اكمار‬akmār belt
‫ كمرة‬kamara pl. -āt beam, girder,
specif., iron girder; arm, jib │ ‫كمرة حمالة‬
(ḥammāla) and ‫كمرة تحميل قضبان الونش‬
(quḍbān al-winš) beam, bridge (of a
traveling crane)
2
‫ مكمور‬makmūr (eg.) dish of chopped meat and
vegetables
‫( كمرك‬syr.) gumrug pl. ‫ كمارك‬gamārig2
customs; customhouse
‫ كمركي‬gumrugī customs-, tariff- (in
compounds)
‫ كمساري‬kumsārī pl. ‫ كمسارية‬kumsārīya (eg.)
(streetcar, railroad, etc.) conductor
‫ كمش‬kamaša u (kamš) to seize, grasp, grip,
clutch (‫ ھـ‬s.th.) V to become wrinkled, to
wrinkle; to shrink; to contract; to recoil
within o.s. cower, quail VII to become
wrinkled, to wrinkle; to shrink; to
contract; to tighten, become cramped, be
convulsed; to recoil within o.s., cower,
quail; to withdraw within o.s., become or
be preoccupied with o.s. be self-absorbed;
to collect one’s thoughts, gather one’s
strength, concentrate (also with ‫)على نفسه‬
‫ كمشة‬kamša a handful
‫ كمش‬kamiš, ‫ كميش‬kamīš adroit, skillful,
skilled │ ‫ كميش اإلزار‬k. al-izār do.;
efficient, active, diligent, industrious
‫ كماشة‬kammāša pl. -āt (pair) of pincers
‫ انكماش‬inkimāš absorption,
preoccupation, self-absorption
‫ منكمش‬munkamiš shrunk; cramped,
clenched, convulsed; absorbed,
preoccupied, self-absorbed, introverted
‫ كمع‬III to sleep (‫ ه‬with s.o.), embrace (‫ ه‬s.o.),
have sexual intercourse (‫ ه‬with s.o.)
‫ كميع‬kamī’ bedfellow
‫ كمل‬kamala, kamula u and kamila a (‫كمال‬
kamāl, ‫ كمول‬kumūl) to be or become
whole, entire, integral, perfect, complete;
to be finished, done, completed,
accomplished; to be concluded, come to a
close II and IV to finish, wind up,
conclude, complete, consummate (‫ ھـ‬s.th.);
to carry out, execute (‫ ھـ‬s.th.); to perfect,
round out, complement, supplement (‫ھـ‬
s.th.) VI and VIII to be perfect,
consummate, integral, be or become
complete, finished, done, accomplished,
concluded; to reach completion,
fulfillment or perfection, to mature, ripen;
to be perfected X to complete (‫ ھـ‬s.th.); to
perfect (‫ ھـ‬s.th.); to round out,
complement, supplement (. s.th.); to carry
out, meet, fulfill (‫ ھـ‬s.th., e.g., conditions)
‫ كمال‬kamāl pl. -āt perfection;
completeness; completion, consummation,
conclusion, termination, windup; maturity,
ripeness │ ‫ بكماله‬in its full scope,
completely, entirely, wholly, totally
‫ كمالي‬kamālī luxury, luxurious, de luxe;
‫ كماليات‬luxuries; luxury
‫ كمالة‬kamāla (colloq.) that which fills
up or completes a weight or number, a
complement; addition, supplement 840
‫ اكمل‬akmal 2 more complete, more
perfect │ ‫ باكمله‬entirely, wholly, totally;
‫ لندن باكملھا‬all London
‫ تكميل‬takmīl completion,
complementing, perfecting, perfection;
conclusion, termination, windup;
consummation, execution
‫ تكميلي‬takmīlī completing,
complementing, complementary,
supplementary │ ‫ انتخاب تكميلي‬by-election
‫ تكملة‬takmila supplement, complement
‫ اكمال‬ikmāl completion, complementing,
perfecting, perfection; conclusion,
termination; windup; consummation,
execution
‫ تكامل‬takāmul integration; unification to
a perfect whole │ O ‫ حساب التكامل‬integral
calculus
‫ تكاملي‬takāmulī integrative; all-
including and unifying to form a perfect
whole
‫ اكتمال‬iktimāl completion; maturity,
ripeness
‫ استكمال‬istikmāl conclusion, termination,
finishing
‫ كامل‬kāmil pl. ‫ كملة‬kamala perfect,
consummate; genuine, sterling; complete,
full, plenary, full-strength; completed,
concluded; whole, entire, total, integral;
 name of a poetic meter; folio format
(paper) │ ‫ بكامله‬wholly, entirely, totally,
altogether, in its entirety; O ‫لبن كامل‬
(laban) unskimmed, full-bodied milk
‫ متكامل‬mutakāmil perfect; integrative;
complete, integral
‫ كمن‬kamana u and kamina a (‫ كمون‬kumūn) to
hide; to be hidden, concealed, latent; to
have its secret seat (‫ في‬in); to ambush,
waylay (‫ ل‬s.o.) V to lie in wait (‫ ل‬for s.o.),
ambush, waylay (‫ ل‬s.o.) X to hide, lie
concealed
‫ كمنة‬kumna black cataract (med.)
‫ كمان‬look up alphabetically
‫ كمون‬kammūn cumin (Cuminum
cyminum L.; bot.) │ ‫ كمون اسود‬black
caraway, black cumin (Nigella sativa L.;
bot.); ‫( كمون بري‬barrī) do.; ‫( كمون حلو‬ḥulw)
anise, aniseed
‫ كمين‬kamīn pl. ‫ كمناء‬kumanā’2 hidden,
lying in ambush; ambush, secret attack │
‫( دبر كمينا‬dabbara) to hatch a plot; ‫نصب له‬
‫ كمينا‬to set a trap for s.o.
‫ مكمن‬makman pl. ‫ مكامن‬makāmin2 place
whore s.th. is hidden; ambuscade;
ambush, hiding place │ ‫ھنا مكمن السر‬
hunā m. as-sirr that’s where the secret lies
‫ كامن‬kāmin hidden, concealed, latent;
secret; pl. ‫ كوامن‬kawāmin2 underlying
factors, hidden background, latent depths
‫ كمنجا‬kamanjā and ‫ كمنجة‬kamanja
oriental stringed instrument having one or
two strings; (Western) violin, fiddle
‫ كمه‬kamah blindness (from birth)
‫ اكمه‬akmah2, f. ‫ كمھاء‬kamhā’2, pl. ‫كمه‬
kumh blind, born blind
‫ كمي‬kamīy pl. ‫ كماة‬kumāh, ‫ اكماء‬akmā’ armed
and ironclad, in full armor; brave, valiant,
courageous
‫( كميون‬Fr. camion) kamiyōn pl. -āt truck, lorry
‫ كن‬kanna u (kann, ‫ كنون‬kunūn) to hide (‫ھـ‬
s.th.); to conceal, cover, cloak (‫ ھـ‬s.th.); to
shelter, ensconce, contain (‫ ھـ‬s.th.); to
harbor (‫ ل ھـ‬friendship toward); to calm
down, subside, abate (wind) II to hide,
conceal, secrete, keep secret (‫ ھـ‬s.th.); to
calm, quiet, still, assuage (‫ ھـ‬s.th.) IV to
hide, conceal, secrete, keep secret (‫ ھـ‬s.th.)
VIII to be hidden, be concealed X to be
hidden, be concealed; to seek shelter; to
lie comfortably, nestle, cuddle, snuggle; to
calm down 841
‫ كن‬kann, kinn pl. ‫ اكنان‬aknān, ‫اكنة‬
akinna place where one is sheltered;
cover, shelter, retreat, refuge; nest; home,
house, hut; arbor, bower
‫ كنة‬kanna pl. ‫ كنائن‬kanā’in2 daughter-in-
law; sister-in-law
‫ كنة‬kinna shelter, cover, covering
‫ كنة‬kunna pl. -āt, ‫ كنان‬kinān shed roof,
pent roof, awning
‫ كنان‬kinān pl. -āt akinna shed roof, pent
roof, awning
‫ كنانة‬kināna pl. ‫ كنائن‬kanā’in2 quiver (for
arrows) │ ‫ ارض كنانة‬arḍ kināna, ‫الكنانة‬
Egypt (land of the Kinana tribe)
‫ كانون‬kānūn pl. ‫ كوانين‬kawānīn2 stove
‫ كانون‬kānūn: ‫ كانون األول‬k. al-awwal
December (Syr., Leb., Jord., Ir.); ‫كانون‬
‫ الثاني‬k. at-tānī January (Syr., Leb., Jord.,
Ir.)
‫ كنين‬kanīn hidden, concealed; well-kept
‫ مكنون‬maknūn hidden, concealed; well-
kept; hidden content
1
‫ كنار‬kanār edge, rim, border, fringe, hem,
selvage
2
‫ كناري‬kanārī canary
1
‫ كنب‬kanab callocity, callus
‫ كنب‬kanib and ‫ مكنب‬muknib callous
(skin)
2
‫ كنبه‬or ‫( كنبيه‬Fr. canapé) kanabēh pl. -āt sofa
‫ الكنج‬al-kunj the Congo
‫ كنجرو‬kangarū kangaroo (eg.)
1
‫ كنود‬kunūd ingratitude
‫ كنود‬kanūd ungrateful
2
‫ كندا‬kanadā Canada
‫ كندي‬kanadī Canadian
1
‫ كندر‬kundur frankincense
2
‫ كندرة‬kundura pl. ‫ كنادر‬kanādir2 (syr.)
(Western-style) shoe
‫ كندش‬kunduš magpie
‫ كنار‬look up alphabetically
‫ كنز‬kanaza i (kanz) to bury (‫ في األرض‬in the
ground, ‫ ھـ‬a treasure); to pile up, heap up,
lay up, accumulate, amass, collect, gather,
save, hoard (‫ ھـ‬s.th.) VIII to be firm,
compact, sturdy, strapping; to accumulate,
amass, gather (‫ ھـ‬money, treasures); to
hide (‫ ھـ‬money, treasures)
‫ كنز‬kanz pl. ‫ كنوز‬kunūz treasure
‫ كنز‬kaniz firm, compact (flesh); sturdy,
strapping (body)
‫ اكتناز‬iktināz strong, sturdy build,
sturdiness, compactness, stoutness (of the
body)
‫ مكتنز‬muktaniz firm, compact (flesh);
sturdy (body); compressed, pinched (lips);
massive, strong; -- muktanaz accumulated,
amassed; hidden, buried
‫ كنس‬kanasa u (kans) to sweep (‫ ھـ‬the house) II
do.
‫ كنس‬kans sweeping, cleaning
‫ الكنسة‬al-kansa visit of the ulema to the
tomb of the Imam al-Shāfi‘ī where they
sweep away the dust
‫ كناس‬kannās sweeper; street sweeper,
street cleaner
‫ كناسة‬kunāsa sweepings, refuse,
garbage, offal
‫ كنيس‬kanīs nose bag
‫ كنيس‬kanīs synagogue
‫ كنيسة‬kanīsa pl. ‫ كنائس‬kanā’is2 church
(Chr.); synagogue, temple (Jud.)
‫ كنسي‬kanasī and ‫ كنائسي‬kanā’isī
ecclesiastic(al); clerical 842
‫ مكنسة‬miknasa pl. ‫ مكانس‬makānis2
broom; O sweeper, street sweeper
(machine) │ ‫( مكنسة كھربائية‬kahrabā’īya)
vacuum cleaner
‫ مكناس‬miknās2, ‫ مكناسة‬miknāsa2 Meknes
(city in N Morocco)
‫ كناش‬kunnāš, ‫ كناشة‬kunnāša scrapbook; ‫كناشات‬
fundamentals, principles
‫( كنصول‬Fr. console) kunṣōl pl. -āt console
‫ كنعان‬kan‘ān Canaan
‫ كنغر‬kangar kangaroo
‫ كنف‬kanafa u (kanf) to guard, protect (‫ ه‬s.o.); to
fence in, hedge, provide with an enclosure
(‫ ھـ‬s.th.); to surround (‫ ھـ‬s.th., ‫ ه‬s.o.); to
help, assist (‫ ه‬s.o.) III and IV to shelter,
protect, help, assist (‫ ه‬s.o.) VIII to
surround (on both sides), enclose,
embrace (‫ ھـ‬s.th.)
‫ كنف‬kanaf pl. ‫ اكناف‬aknāf side, flank;
wing; shadow, shelter, pale, fold; bosom
│ ‫ في كنف‬under cover of ..., in an
atmosphere of ...; ‫ في اكنافه‬under his
protection, under his sponsorship
‫ كنافة‬kunāfa pl. -āt vermicelli baked in
sugar, melted butter and honey
‫ كنيف‬kanīf pl. ‫ كنف‬kunuf water closet,
toilet; public lavatory
‫ مكتنف‬muktanaf surrounded, enclosed (
‫ ب‬by)
‫( كنفاش‬Engl.) kanfāš canvas
‫ كنكة‬kanaka (= ‫ تنكة‬eg.) pl. -āt coffee pot
1
‫ كنكن‬kankana to stay at home; to settle down,
make o.s. at home; to nestle, snuggle,
cuddle up
2
‫ كنكينا‬kanakīnā quinine
‫ كنه‬VIII to fathom, probe, sound, investigate,
explore (‫ ھـ‬s.th.), look (‫ ھـ‬into
s.th.); to get to the bottom (‫ ھـ‬of s.th.);
to understand thoroughly, grasp in its
entirety (‫ ھـ‬s.th.) X to seek to explore or
find out (‫ ھـ‬s.th.); to fathom, discover, find
out, grasp, understand (‫ ھـ‬s.th.)
‫ كنه‬kunh utmost degree, extreme; core,
essence, substance, true nature, essential
being │ ‫ يعرفه كنه المعرفة‬ya‘rifuhū kunha l-
ma‘rifa he understands it most thoroughly,
he grasps its very essence
‫ تكنھات‬takannuhāt = ‫تكھنات‬
‫ اكتناه‬iktināh and ‫ استكناه‬istiknāh
fathoming, penetration, exploration
‫ كنھور‬kanahwar cumuli
‫ )كنو‬and ‫ كنا )كني‬kanā u and ‫ كنى‬kanā i (‫كناية‬
kināya) to use metonymically ( ‫ ب عن‬s.th.
for); to allude (‫ عن ب‬with s.th. to); -- ‫كنى‬
kanā i (‫ كنية‬kunya) and II to call (‫ ه‬s.o.) by
the surname of (‫ )ب‬V and VIII to be
 known by the surname of (‫)ب‬, call o.s. by
the surname of (‫)ب‬
‫ كنية‬kunya pl. ‫ كنى‬kunan surname,
agnomen (consisting of abū or umm
followed by the name of the son)
‫ كناية‬kināya indirect expression,
metonymy; allusion; indirect declaration
of (legal) intent (Isl. Law) │ ‫بالكناية‬
indirect, not clear and unequivocal (as
opposed to ‫ صريح(؛ ھو كناية عن‬it is
tantamount to ..., it means ..., it stands
for ..., it consists in ...; ‫ كناية عن‬kināyatan
‘an tantamount to; in lieu of, instead of
‫ مكني عنه‬maknīy ‘anhu metonymically
expressed
‫ مكنى‬mukannan surnamed
‫ كھرب‬kahraba to electrify, electrize (‫ ھـ‬s.th.);
to ionize (‫ ھـ‬s.th.) II takahraba to be
electrified, be electrized, become electric;
to be charged with electricity; to be
ionized
‫ كھربة‬kahraba electrization,
electrification; electricity 843
‫ كھرب‬kahrab pl. ‫ كھارب‬kahārib2
electron
‫ كھيرب‬kuhairib pl. -āt electron
‫ كھيربي‬kuhairibī electronic, electron- (in
compounds) │ ‫( المجھر الكھيربي‬mijhar)
electron microscope
‫ كھاربي‬kahāribī electronic, electron- (in
compounds)
‫ كھرباء‬kahrabā’ and ‫ كھربا‬kahrabā
amber; electricity; ‫( الكھرباء‬eg.) the street-
car, the trolley
‫ كھربائي‬kahrabā’ī and ‫ كھربي‬kahrabī
electric(al); electrician │ ‫تيار كھربائي‬
(ṭayyār) electric current; ‫جامعة كھربائية‬
storage battery, secondary battery,
accumulator; ‫( مصباح كھربائي‬miṣbāḥ)
electric lamp, lightbulb; ‫عالج كھربائي‬
diathermy; ‫ عالم كھربائي‬electrophysicist;
‫( مغنطيس كھربائي‬magnaṭīs) electromagnet;
‫ مغنطيسية كھربائية‬electromagnetism; ‫نور‬
‫( كھربائي‬nūr) electric light
‫ كھربائية‬kahrabā’īya and ‫كھربية‬
kahrabīya electricity
‫ مكھرب‬mukahrab electrically charged,
electrized, electrified; O electrically
conductive, conducting, ionized; O
electrically ignited, provided with electric
ignition
‫ كھرطيسي‬kahraṭīsī electromagnetic
‫ كھرمان‬kahramān amber
‫ كھف‬kahf pl. ‫ كھوف‬kuhūf cave, cavern;
depression, hollow, cavity │ ‫كھف رئوي‬
(ri’awī) pulmonary abscess, vomica
(med.); ‫ اصحاب الكھف‬the Seven Sleepers
‫ كھل‬kahala a (‫ كھول‬kuhūl), kahula u (‫كھولة‬
kuhūla) and VIII to be middle-aged, be at
the height of one’s life
‫ كھل‬kahl pl. ‫ كھل‬kuhhal, ‫ كھال‬kihāl, ‫كھول‬
kuhūl, ‫ كھالن‬kuhlān middle-aged, man of
mature age
‫ كھل‬kuhūla maturity of age
‫ كاھل‬kāhil pl. ‫ كواھل‬kawāhil2 upper part
of the back; withers │ ‫ ثقل كاھله‬taqqala
kāhilahū to load, burden, encumber s.o. or
s.th., e.g., ‫( ثقل كاھل الميزان‬k. al-mīzān) to
burden the budget; ‫( تخفيف العبء عن كاھله‬t.
al-‘ib’) unburdening, disencumbrance of
s.o. or s.th.
‫ كھامة‬kahāma dullness, bluntness; lassitude
languor, weakness
1
‫ كھن‬kahana a u (‫ كھانة‬kahāna) to predict the
future, tell the fortune (‫ ل‬of s.o.), prophesy
(‫ ل‬to s.o.) V to predict, foretell, presage,
prophesy (‫ ب‬s.th.)
‫ كھانة‬kahāna prediction; prophecy
‫ كھانة‬kihāna divination, soothsaying,
fortunetelling
‫ كھنوت‬kahnūt, kahanūt priesthood │
‫ رجال الكھنوت‬the clergy, the ministry
‫ كھنوتي‬kahanūtī priestly, sacerdotal,
ministerial, clerical, ecclesiastic(al)
‫ مكھن‬makhan (place of an) oracle
‫ تكھن‬takahhun pl. -āt prediction,
prophecy; conjecture, surmise
‫ كاھن‬kāhin pl. ‫ كھان‬kuhhān, ‫ كھنة‬kahana
diviner, soothsayer, prognosticator,
fortuneteller; priest ‫ رئيس الكھنة‬and ‫كبير‬
‫ الكھنة‬high priest
 ‫ متكھن‬mutakahhin diviner, soothsayer,
prognosticator, fortuneteller
2 ‫( في حكم العدم‬ḥukmi l-’adam) it is almost as
‫ كھنة‬kuhna rags, shreds, scrap, junk; ragged,
tattered
‫ كھنجي‬kuhnajī ragman, rag picker
‫ كھاية‬kihāya administrative district in Tunisia
‫ كاھية‬kāhiya pl. ‫ كواه‬kawāhin chief
officer of a ‫ ;كھاية‬deputy, vice-, under-,
sub- (Tun.)
‫ كوة‬kūwa pl. -āt, ‫ كوى‬kuwan, ‫ كواء‬kiwā’
aperture; small window, attic window,
skylight; peephole 844
‫ كواليني‬kawālīnī pl. -ya locksmith
2
‫ كوب‬kūb pl. ‫ اكواب‬akwāb drinking glass,
tumbler, (ir.) cup
‫ كوبة‬kūba drinking glass, tumbler;
hearts (in a deck of cards)
‫( كوبرته‬It. coperta) kūbarta deck (of a ship)
‫( كوبري‬Turk. köprü) kūbrī pl. □ ‫ كباري‬kabārī
bridge (eg.)
‫( كوبنھاج‬Fr. Copenhague) Copenhagen
‫ كوبنھاجن‬kōbinhāgin Copenhagen
‫( كوبيا‬It. copia) kōbiyā copy │ ‫ قلم كوبيا‬qalam k.
copying pencil, indelible pencil
‫( كوبيل‬Engl. cobble) cobbled pavement,
cobblestones
‫( كوبيه‬It. copia) kōbiya copy
‫ الكويت‬al-kuwait Kuwait
‫( كوتر‬Engl. cutter) kōtar pl. ‫ كواتر‬kawātir2 (eg.)
cutter, yawl
‫ كوثة‬kauta fertility; abundance, profusion
‫ كوثر‬kautar much, ample, abundant, plentiful,
large quantity; ‫ الكوثر‬al-kautar name of a
river in Paradise
‫ كوثل‬kautal stern (of a ship)
‫ مكوجي‬see 1 ‫كوى‬
2
‫ كوخ‬kūk pl. ‫ اكواخ‬akwāk hut
‫ بالكورجة‬bi-l-kauraja in the bulk, wholesale, in
2
‫ كاخية‬look up alphabetically
1
‫ )كاد )كود‬kāda (1st pers. perf. kidtu) imperf. ‫يكاد‬
yakādu to be on the point (‫ ان‬of doing
s.th.), be about (‫ ان‬to do s.th.), (with
‫( كورس‬Engl.) kōras chorus (also fig.); choir
imperf.) it wouldn’t have taken much
more ..., he (it) all but ..., he (would have)
almost ... │ ‫ كاد يموت‬he almost died; ‫كدت‬
‫ اذھب‬kidtu adhabu I almost went; ‫يكاد يكون‬
good as nonexistent; (with neg.
corresponding to Engl. “hardly, scarcely,
barely; no sooner ..., as soon as ...”:) ‫ما كاد‬
‫ يقوم‬no sooner had he got up ...; ‫ال تكاد ترى‬
(tarā) you will hardly ever see, or, you
barely see, or, the moment you see …; ‫لم‬
‫ يكد يراھا‬lam yakad yarāhā no sooner had
he seen her, the moment he saw her; ‫لم يكد‬
‫ – حتى‬and ‫ حتى‬-- ‫ ما كاد‬no sooner – than, as
soon as he -- he ..., the moment he – he …
‫ كاد‬kād: ‫ بالكاد‬almost, nearly; see also
alphabetically
‫ كود‬II to heap up, pile up (‫ ھـ‬s.th.)
‫ كودة‬kauda pl. ‫ اكواد‬akwād heap, pile
3
‫( كودية زار‬eg.) kudyit zār woman leader of the
Zar ritual
1
‫ كور‬II to roll, roll up, coil, roll into a ball (‫ھـ‬
s.th.), to wind (‫ ھـ‬the turban); to make
round, ball-shaped (‫ ھـ‬s.th.); to clench (
‫ قبضته‬qabḍatahū one’s list) V to become
round, be or become ball-shaped,
globular, spherical, to curl up (in a lying
position); to conglomerate, form or gather
into a ball
‫ كور‬kūr pl. ‫ اكوار‬akwār, ‫ اكور‬akwur,
‫ كيران‬kīrān camel saddle; forge, furnace,
smelting furnace, bellows
‫ كورة‬kūra pl. ‫ كور‬kuwar district, rural
district, small town, village, ball (= ‫)كرة‬
‫ كورى‬see below, alphabetically
‫ كوارة‬kuwāra pl. ‫ كوائر‬kawā’ir2 beehive
‫ كوروي‬kūrawī ball-shaped, globular,
spherical
‫ مكور‬mikwar and ‫ مكورة‬mikwara turban
‫ مكور‬mukawwar ball-shaped, globular,
round
2
‫ كار‬look up alphabetically
the lump
‫( كوردون‬Fr. cordon) kordōn pl. -āt cordon;
ribbon, braid, lace, trimming 845
‫( كورسيه‬Fr. corset) korsēh pl. ‫كورسيھات‬ ‫ كوكبة‬kaukaba star; group, troop, party;
korsēhāt corset (pl. ‫ كواكب‬kawākib2) (Syr.; mil.) squadron
(of armored units, of cavalry)
‫ كوريك‬،‫( كورك‬Turk. kürek) kūrēk forced labor
(eg.) ‫ كوكبي‬kaukabī star-shaped, stelliform,
starlike, stellular, stellate, stellar; starry,
‫( كورنيش‬Fr. corniche) see ‫كرنيش‬
starred; astral
‫ كورريا‬kōriyā Korea
‫ كوكتيل‬koktēl cocktail
‫ كوري‬kōrī Korean
‫ كوالن‬kaulān, kūlān papyrus (Cyperus papyrus;
‫ كوريك‬see ‫ كريك‬and ‫كورك‬ bot.)
‫ كوز‬kūz pl. ‫ اكواز‬akwāz, ‫ كيزان‬kīzān small jug of ‫ كولومبو‬kolombō Colombo (capital of Ceylon)
clay or tin; mug, tankard │ ‫ كوز الذرة‬k. ad-
‫ كولومبيا‬kolombiyā Colombia
dura (eg.) corncob
1 ‫ كولونيا‬kolōniyā Cologne; Eau de Cologne
‫ كوس‬kūs pl. -āt small drum
2 ‫( كوليرا‬Fr. choléra) kōlīrā cholera
‫ كاس‬kās pl. ‫ اكواس‬akwās = ‫كأس‬
3 ‫ كوليس‬kūlīs pl. ‫ كواليس‬kawālīs2 side scene,
‫ كويس‬kuwayyis (eg.) nice, fine, pretty,
coulisse, backdrop │ ‫ وراء الكواليس‬behind
comely, handsome, beautiful
the scene, backstage (also fig.)
‫ اكوس‬akwas2 more beautiful, prettier,
‫ كوالين‬pl. of ‫كالون‬, which see (alphabetically);
nicer
‫ كواليني‬ibid.
‫ كوسا‬or ‫ كوسى‬kūsā (coll.; n. un. ‫ كوساة‬kūsāh, □
‫ كوم‬II to heap, pile up, stack up (‫ ھـ‬s.th.) V to
‫ كوساية‬kūsāya) (eg., syr.) zucchini; see also
be piled up; to pile up; to accumulate; to
under ‫كيس‬
sink to the ground, crumple, collapse in a
‫ كوسج‬kausaj swordfish (Xiphias gladius) heap
‫ كوشة‬kūša pl. ‫ كوش‬kuwaš kiln (specif., ‫ كوم‬kaum pl. ‫ اكوام‬akwām, ‫ كيمان‬kīmān
limekiln) heap, pile; hill; pl. ‫ كيمان‬kīmān esp.
‫ كوع‬kū’ and ‫ كاع‬kā’ pl. ‫ اكواع‬akwā’, ‫ كيعان‬kī’ān garbage piles, refuse dump
projecting carpal end of the radius, ‫ كومة‬kauma, kūma pl. -āt, ‫ كوم‬kuwam,
wristbone; elbow (anat.); kū’ elbow, ‫ اكوام‬akwām heap, pile; mass │ ‫كومة الحطب‬
angle, bend (of a pipe); curve, turn, bend k. al-ḥaṭab pyre, stake
(of a road) │ ‫ كوع الماسورة‬kneepiece or
‫ كوماندان‬kom6ndan commBndant, commander
elbow of a pipe; ‫ال يعرف الكوع من البوع‬
846
(ya’rifu) he doesn’t know his knee from
his elbow (proverbially of a stupid person) ‫ كومساري‬see ‫كمساري‬
‫ كوف‬V to band together, throng together, ‫ كومسيوجي‬kūmisyōjī commission merchant
gather in a crowd ‫( كومودينو‬It. coomidino) komudīnū bedside
‫ الكوفة‬al-kūfa Kufa (town in Iraq) table
‫ كوفي‬kūfī Kufic; Kufic writing; ‫الكوفيون‬ ‫ كوميديا‬kōmīdiyā comedy
the Kufic (school of) grammarians 1
‫ )كان )كون‬kāna u (kaun, ‫ كيان‬kiyān, ‫كينونة‬
‫ كوفية‬kūfīya pl. -āt kaffiyeh, square kainīna) to be; to exist; to happen, occur,
kerchief diagonally folded and worn under take place; with acc. of the predicate: to
the ‘iqāl as a headdress be s.th.; with foll. perf. denoting the
pluperfect; with foll. imperf. expressing
‫( كوك‬Engl.) kōk coke
duration in the past = Engl. progressive
‫ كوكب‬kaukab pl. ‫ كواكب‬kawākib2 star (also, fig., past: was doing (often corresponding to
of screen, stage, etc.); leucoma, white Engl. “used to ...”, “would ...”); with ‫ل‬: to
opacity in the cornea of the eye │ ‫كوكب‬ belong to, be one’s own (‫ كان له بيت‬he had
‫( سينمائي‬sīnamā’ī) film star or owned a house); with ‫ ل‬and s.th.: to be
the right man for, be qualified for; with
‫من‬: to belong to, pertain to; with ‫على‬: to be
incumbent on, be the duty of; with ‫الى‬: to
be assigned to, be the lot or share of, be
left to, be due (s.o.) │ ‫ ما يكون‬foll. the
elative: ‫( على اتم ما يكون‬atammi) in the moat
perfect manner conceivable, as perfect(ly)
as possible; ‫اقوالھم اقرب ما تكون الى الصواب‬
(ṣawāb) what they said came quite close
to the truth: ‫( لم يكن ل‬lam yakun) or ‫ما كان ل‬
(with foll. subjunctive) he is (or was) not
the right man for, he was not capable of,
he was not in a position to ...; it is (or was)
not apt to ...; ‫( لم يكن ليصعب عليه ان‬li-
yaṣ’uba) it wouldn’t have been difficult
for him to …, there was no reason why he
couldn’t have ...; ‫( ما كان منه اال ان‬or ‫)لم يكن‬
(illā an) he had no other choice but to ...,
there was nothing for him to do but to ...;
he did no more than ...; ‫ ما كان له ان‬it is (or
was) impossible for him to ...; he is (or
was) unable to ...; ‫ اصبح في خبر كان‬aṣbaḥa
fī kabari k. to disappear, become dated,
belong to the past; ‫ كان وكان‬a popular form
of poem consisting of quatrains II to
make, create, produce, originate, bring
forth, bring into being, form, shape,
fashion (‫ ھـ‬s.th.) V to be created, be
formed; to come into existence, form,
arise, develop; to consist, be composed, be
made up (‫ من‬of), be formed (‫ من‬by) X to
become lowly, humble, miserable; to
submit, yield, surrender, humble o.s.,
abase o.s., eat humble pie; to abandon o.s.,
give o.s. over (‫ الى‬to s.th.)
‫ كون‬kaun pl. ‫ اكوان‬akwān being, esse;
existence; event, occurrence, incident;
‫ الكون‬the existent, the existing, reality; the
world; the cosmos, the universe │ ‫الكون‬
‫( األعلى‬a‘lā) the Supreme Being, God; with
foll. genit. or suffix of the logical subject
and acc. of the predicate: the fact that s.o.
or s.th. is ..., ‫ لكونه مجنونا‬li-kaunihī
majnūnan because he is mad, ‫مع كونه مجنونا‬
although he is mad
‫ كوني‬kaunī of or relating to the universe
or cosmos, universal, cosmic, cosmo- (in
compounds) │ O ‫( األشعة الكونية‬aši‘‘a)
cosmic rays; ‫ نظام كوني‬cosmic system
‫ كيان‬kiyān being, esse; existence;
essence, substance; nature
‫ اليكون‬al-yakūn the sum total
‫ مكان‬makān pl. ‫ امكنة‬amkina, ‫اماكن‬
amākin2 place where one is or stands;
place, site, spot, location; passage (in a
book); locality, locale; seat, place (e.g., in
a railroad compartment); position,
standing, rank, dignity; importance,
consequence, weight; space (philos.);
presence; situation, conditions,
circumstances; ‫ مكان‬makāna in the place
of, in lieu of, instead of │ ‫ لو كنت مكانك‬lau
kuntu makānaka if I were in your place, if
I were you; ‫ مكانه‬makānahū on the spot, at
once; ‫ مكانك‬makānak stop! ‫في كل مكان‬
everywhere; ‫( اخلى مكانا‬aklā) to make
room; ‫( احتل مكانا مكينا‬ihtalla) to have or
hold a strong, powerful position; ‫ھو من‬
‫( الشجاعة بمكان‬šajā‘a) he is 847 extremely
brave; ‫( ذلك من األھمية بمكان‬ahammīyah) that
is of considerable importance; ‫ھاته النظرية‬
‫( من الضعف بمكان‬naẓarīya, ḍu‘f) this theory
is rather weak; ‫( مكان الشيء من نفسه‬nafsihī)
the importance of s.th. for s.o., the place
that s.th. has in s.o.’s mind; ‫ مكان الحديث‬site
of action, scene of the crime, locus delicti;
‫ ظرف المكان‬ẓarf al-m. adverb of place
(gram.); ‫( اماكن وعرة‬wa‘ra) difficult
terrain, rugged country
‫ مكانة‬makāna pl. -āt place; location,
situation; position, office; standing,
authority, influence, rank, dignity │ ‫مكانة‬
‫ الصدر‬m. aṣ-ṣadr first place, precedence,
priority
‫ مكاني‬makānī local
‫ مكانية‬makānīya spatiality (philos.)
‫ تكوين‬takwīn forming, shaping,
formation, creation, origination; (pl. ‫تكاوين‬
takāwīn2) formation (of rock; geol.) │
‫ جميل التكوين‬well-shaped, shapely; ‫سفر‬
‫ التكوين‬sifr at-t. the Genesis
‫ تكون‬takawwun genesis, birth, nascency,
origin, incipience, rise, development;
formation
‫ استكانة‬istikāna yielding, submission,
resignation, passivity
‫ كائن‬kā’in being; existing, existent;
situated, located; a being, entity, creature,
creation; (pl. -āt) thing; s.th. existing, an
existent │ ‫( الكائن المطلق‬muṭlaq) the
Absolute Being, God; ‫ الكائنات‬the created
things, the universe, the world; ‫كائنا من كان‬
 (man) whoever it may be; ‫ كائنا ما كان‬be it
what it may, whatever it may be
‫ مكون‬mukawwin creator; -- mukawwan
made, created; consisting, composed,
made up (‫ من‬of), formed (‫ من‬by)
‫ مستكين‬mustakīn humiliated, oppressed,
resigned, submissive
2 ‫ )كاد )كيد‬kāda i (kaid, ‫ مكيدة‬makīda) to deceive,
‫ كيوان‬look up alphabetically
‫( كونتراتو‬It. contratto) kontrātō agreement,
accord, treaty, contract
‫( كونكرداتو‬It. concordato) konkurdātō
settlement, composition (between debtor
and creditors)
‫ كونياك‬konyāk cognac
□ ‫ مكوه‬for ‫ مكوى‬see 1‫كوى‬
1
‫ كوى‬kawā i (‫ كي‬kayy) to burn (‫ ھـ‬s.th.); to sear
(‫ ھـ‬s.th.); to cauterize, treat with a cautery
(‫ ه‬s.o.; med.); to brand (‫ ه‬s.o.); to bite, burn
(acid); to sting (scorpion); to press, iron (
‫ ھـ‬laundry, and the like) VIII to be burned,
be seared; to be cauterized; to be pressed,
be ironed; to burn o.s., burn one’s skin
‫ كي‬kayy burning; cauterization, cautery;
pressing, ironing │ ‫ حجر الكي‬ḥajar al-k.
lunar caustic, silver nitrate; O ‫الكي الكھربائي‬
(kahrabā’ī) diathermy
‫ كية‬kayya a burn, a brand
‫ كواء‬kawwā’ slanderer, calumniator;
ironer, presser
‫ كواية‬kawwāya ironing woman, ironer
‫ كوية‬kawīya (syr.) press, crease (in
trousers)
‫ مكواة‬mikwāh and ‫ مكوى‬makwan pl. ‫مكاو‬
makāwin flatiron; hot iron (for
cauterizing), cautery (med.) │ ‫مكواة الشعر‬
m. aš-ša‘r curling iron
‫ مكوى‬makwan ironing establishment
□ ‫ مكوجي‬makwajī ironer, presser;
laundryman
‫ كاو‬kāwin caustic
2
‫ كوى‬kuwan see ‫كوة‬
1
‫ كي‬kai, ‫ لكي‬li-kai so that, in order that, in order
to │ ‫ كي ال‬and ‫ لكي ال‬in order not to, lest
848
‫ كيما‬kai-mā, ‫ لكيما‬li-kai-mā that, so that,
in order that, in order to
2
‫ كي‬kayy and ‫ كية‬kayya see 1 ‫كوى‬
1
‫ كيت‬kīt Indian dress material
2
‫ كيت وكيت‬kaita wa-kaita, kaiti wa-kaiti so and
so, such and such, thus and thus
1
dupe, outwit (‫ ه‬s.o.); to harm by artful
machinations (‫ ل‬s.o., s.th.), lay snares (‫ل‬
for s.o.), plot s.o.’s (‫ )ل‬downfall, conspire
(‫ ل‬against s.o.) III to deceive, dupe, outwit
(‫ ه‬s.o.); to seek to double-cross (‫ ه‬s.o.)
‫ كيد‬kaid pl. ‫ كياد‬kiyād ruse, artifice,
stratagem; craftiness, slyness, cunning,
subtlety; deception, deceit; artful plot;
trick, dodge
‫ مكيدة‬makīda pl. ‫ مكايد‬makāyid2 ruse,
artifice, trick; smart action, clever
approach, shrewd policy; stratagem; plot,
conspiracy, machinations, schemes,
intrigues
2
‫ كاد‬look up alphabetically
‫ كير‬kīr pl. ‫ اكيار‬akyār, ‫ كيران‬kīrān bellows
‫( كيروسين‬Engl.) kirūsīn kerosene
‫ )كاس )كيس‬kāsa i (kais, ‫ كياسة‬kiyāsa) to be
smart, clever, intelligent; to be nice, fine,
pretty, comely, handsome, attractive, chic
II to refine, make elegant
‫ كيس‬kais smartness, cleverness,
intelligence; subtlety, finesse,
gracefulness, elegance
‫ كيس‬kais m. and f., pl. ‫ اكياس‬akyās, ‫كيسة‬
kiyasa, sack; bag; pouch; purse; Turkish
towel │ ‫ كيس الوسادة‬pillowcase, pillow slip;
‫ كيس الصفراء‬k. aṣ-ṣafrā’ gall, bile; ‫على كيسه‬
at his expense
‫ كيس‬kayyis pl. ‫ اكياس‬akyās, ‫ كيسى‬kaisā,
f. ‫ كيسة‬kayyisa, pl. ‫ كياس‬kiyās sly, smart,
astute, shrewd, sagacious; adroit,
dexterous, skillful; nice, fine, elegant,
stylish, chic, attractive, comely, pretty,
handsome
‫ كياسة‬kiyāsa adroitness, dexterity, skill;
cleverness, smartness, astuteness,
shrewdness, slyness, sagacity, subtlety,
finesse; courtesy, civility, politeness;
 gracefulness, grace; elegance, chic,
stylishness
‫ اكيس‬akyas2, f. ‫ كيسى‬kīsā and ‫ كوسى‬kūsā,
pl. ‫ كيس‬kīs smarter, slier; more skillful;
more stylish, more chic, nicer
‫ مكيس‬mukayyis and □ ‫مكيساتي‬
mukayyisātī (eg.) bath attendant, masseur
‫ مكيس‬mukayyas shrewd, subtle, astute,
smart, sly
‫ كيف‬II to form, shape, fashion, mold (‫ ھـ‬s.th.);
to fit, condition, modify, conform, adjust,
adapt (‫ ھـ‬s.th., ‫ نفسه‬o.s.); to regulate (‫ھـ‬
s.th.); to put in high spirits, exhilarate,
amuse, delight (‫ ھـ‬s.o.); to intoxicate
slightly, dope, stupefy (‫ ه‬s.o.; of a
narcotic) Y to be shaped, be formed; to
assume a form, take on a shape; to adapt
o.s., adjust o.s., conform; to be in high
spirits, be cheerful, gay; to amuse o.s.,
enjoy o.s., have a good time, have fun; to
revel; to be slightly intoxicated, be tipsy,
fuddled; to smoke (tobacco, etc.)
‫ كيف‬kaifa (interrogative and
exclamatory particle) how? how ...! │ ‫كيف‬
‫( حالك‬ḥāluka) how are you? ‫ كيف ال و‬... why
shouldn’t it be so since ...! ‫ فكيف ب‬just
imagine how much more (or less) ...! and
how much more ...! and how much less
…!
‫ كيفما‬kaifamā however, howsoever │
‫ كيفما كان الحال‬whatever the case may be, be
that as it may; in any case, at any rate
‫ كيف‬kaif state, condition; mood, humor,
state of mind, frame of mind; pleasure,
delight, well-being, good humor, 849 high
spirits; discretion, option. will; (pl. ‫كيوف‬
kuyūf) narcotic, opiate │ ‫ على كيفك‬at your
discretion, as you please; as you wish, as
you like; ‫ اصحاب الكيف‬bons vivants,
epicures
‫ كيفي‬kaifī arbitrary, discretionary,
optional; qualitative
‫ كيفية‬kaifīya manner, mode, fashion;
property, quality; nature, state, condition;
particulars, particular circumstances (e.g.,
of an event) │ ‫ كيفية العمل‬k. al-‘amal
operation (e.g., of a machine); ‫كيفية‬
‫ االستعمال‬directions for use
‫ تكييف‬takyīf forming, shaping,
fashioning; formation; a.daptation,
adjustment, conditioning, modification;
regulation; descriptive designation,
qualification; air conditioning, = ‫تكييف‬
‫ الھواء‬t. al-hawā’
‫ تكيف‬takayyuf adaptation, adjustment,
conformity
‫ مكيفة‬mukayyifa, ‫ مكيفة الھواء‬m. al-hawā’
pl. -āt air-conditioning installation, air
conditioner
‫ مكيفات‬mukayyifāt narcotics, opiates
1
‫ كيكة‬kaika pl. ‫ كياكي‬kayākī egg
2
‫ كيكة‬kīka, ‫ كيكا‬kīkā (eg.) hide-and-seek
‫ )كال )كيل‬kāla i (kail, ‫ مكال‬makāl, ‫ مكيل‬makīl) to
measure (‫ ھـ‬s.th.); to weigh (‫ ھـ‬s.th.); to
compare by measuring (‫ ب ھـ‬s.th. with),
measure s.th. (‫ )ھـ‬by the standard of (‫;)ب‬
to measure out, mete out, allot, apportion (
‫ ل ھـ‬s.th. to s.o.) │ ‫ كال له الشتائم‬to heap
abuse on s.o.; ‫( كال له اللطمات‬laṭamāt) to
give s.o. a beating, spank, thrash s.o. II to
measure (‫ ھـ‬s.th.) III to return like for like,
repay in kind (‫ ه‬to s.o.)
‫ كيل‬kail pl. ‫ اكيال‬akyāl measure; dry
measure for grain; holding capacity
‫ كيلة‬kaila pl. -āt kilah, a dry measure
(Eg. = 16.72 l; Pal. = 361)
‫ كيلي‬kailī and ‫ مكيل‬makīl
(volumetrically) measurable,
volumetric(al)
‫ كيال‬kayyāl corn measurer; one who
metes out, who determines the right
measure, muter, lord
‫ مكيال‬mikyāl pl. ‫ مكاييل‬makāyīl2 and ‫مكيل‬
mikyal, ‫ مكيلة‬mikyala pl. ‫ مكايل‬makāyil2
measure; dry measure for grain │ ‫الموازين‬
‫ والمكاييل‬the weights and measures
‫ كيلو‬kīlō and ‫ كيلوجرام‬kilogrām pl. -āt kilogram
‫( كيلوسيكل‬Fr. kilocycle) kīlōsikl pl. -āt kilocycle
(radio)
‫ كيلومتر‬kīlōmitr pl. -āt kilometer
‫ كيلوواط‬kīlōwāṭ kilowatt
‫ كيلون = كالون‬look up alphabetically
‫ كيما‬kai-mā see 1‫كي‬
‫ كيموس‬kaimūs gastric juice
‫ كيمياء‬kīmiyā’ chemistry; alchemy │ ‫الكيمياء‬
‫( االحيائية‬aḥyā’īya) biochemistry; ‫كيمياء التربة‬
k. at-turba agricultural chemistry
‫ كيمي‬kīmī chemical
‫ كيميائي‬kīmiyā’ī, ‫ كيماوي‬kīmāwī
chemical; -- (pl. -ūn) chemist; alchemist;
‫ كيماويات‬kīmāwīyāt chemicals
(‫ كين( كان‬kāna i (kain) to humble o.s., abase
o.s., eat humble pie, submit, resign o.s. X
do.
‫ كينا‬kīnā quinine │ ‫ خشب الكينا‬kašab al-k.
cinchona, china bark, Peruvian bark
‫ كينين‬kīnīn quinine
‫ كيھك‬kiyahk, kīhak the fourth month of the
Coptic year
‫ كيوان‬kaiwān the planet Saturn
‫( كيوبيد‬Engl.) kiyūbīd Cupid 850
‫ﻝ‬
1
‫ ل‬la (intensifying particle) truly, verily;
certainly, surely; frequently after ‫ ان‬inna,
introducing the predicate: ‫ان ربي لسميع الدعاء‬
inna rabbī la-samī’ d-du’ā’ truly, my
Lord hears the prayer; also as a correlative
of ‫ لو‬lau and ‫ لوال‬lau-lā: ‫لو كنت تفعل ھذا لكان‬
‫( انفع‬la-kāna anfa’a) if you did this it
would be more useful; ‫ لوال تاب لھلك‬lau-lā
tāba la-halaka if he had not repented he
would have perished; (particle of oath)
‫ لعمرك‬la-’amruka by your life!
2
‫ ل‬li 1. (prep.) for; on behalf of, in
favor of; to (of the dative); because of; for
the sake of; due to, owing to; for, for the
purpose of; at the time of, when, as; by
(designating the author or originator);
occasionally substituting for ‫ ;الى‬as to ‫ل‬
paraphrasing the genit. and acc. see
grammar │ ‫ لي عليه مال‬he owes me money;
‫ ما له وما علبه‬his right and his duty; his
credit and his debit, his assets and his
liabilities; ‫ له ان‬he has a right to ..., he is
entitled to ..., he may ...; it is possible for
him to ..., he is able to ..., he can ...; ‫ليس لي‬
‫ ان‬I have no right to ... , it does not
behoove me to ...; ‫ لك ھذا‬or ‫ لك ذلك‬you can
have that! it’s up to you; it’s all right with
me! all right! O.K.! agreed! ‫ ھل لك في‬or ‫الك‬
‫ في‬would you like ...? do you want ...? do
you feel like ...? ‫ قرأت له كتابا‬I read a book
by him, I read one of his books; ‫ال تدوم له‬
‫( حال‬tadūmu) no state is of any
permanence with him, he is never the
same for a very long time‫( قاموا لمعاونتنا‬li-
mu’āwanatinā) they set out in our support;
‫ لسبع ليال خلون من شعبان‬li-sab’i layālin
kalauna min ša’bāna when seven nights
of Shaban had passed; ‫ للمرة األولى‬li-l-
marrati l-ūlā for the first time; ‫ ألول وھلة‬li-
awwali wahlatin at first sight, at once; ‫اخوه‬
‫ ألبيه وأمه‬li-abīhi wa-ummihī his brother on
the paternal and maternal side, his
brother-german, his full brother 2. (conj.
with the subjunctive) that, so that, in order
that, in order to; (with apoc.) expressing
an order. an invitation: ‫ ليكتب‬li-yaktub he
shall write, let him write (with preceding ‫و‬
wa or ‫ ف‬fa contracted to wal- ... or fal ...
with elision of the i)
‫ ألجل‬li-ajli (with foll. genit.) because of,
on account of, for
‫ ألن‬li-an (conj. with the subjunctive)
that, so that, in order that, in order to;
(with ‫ ال( لئال‬li-allā in order not to, lest
‫ ألن‬li-anna (conj.) on the grounds that;
because; for
‫ لذلك‬li-dālika therefore, hence, that is
why, for that reason
‫ لكي‬li-kai and ‫ لكيما‬li-kai-mā (conj. with
the subjunctive) that, so that, in order that,
in order to
‫ لما‬li-mā (shortened ‫ لم‬li-mā) why?
wherefore? for what reason? ‫ لماذا‬li-mā-dā
why (on earth)?
‫ لھذا‬li-hādā therefore, hence, that is
why, for that reason
‫ ال‬lā (particle) not, no! with apoc. expressing
negative imperative: ‫ ال تقل‬lā taqul don’t
say! with indef. acc. expressing a general
negation; there is not, there is no ..., e.g., ‫ال‬
‫ اله اال ﷲ‬lā ilāha illa llāh there is no god
but Allah; ‫( ال خير فيه‬kaira) there is no
good in it, it’s no good; ‫( ال بد منه‬budda)
there is no escape from it, it is inevitable;
 ‫ ال جرم‬lā jarama certainly, surely; ‫ال شك‬
٨٥١ lā šakka no doubt, doubtless; ‫ ال سيما‬lā
siyyamā especially. particularly; ‫ اال‬a-lā
see ‫ أ؛ بال‬bi-lā without; ‫ وال‬wa-lā (with
preceding neg.) nor, ... either; not even,
also ‫ حتى وال‬ḥattā wa-lā, e.g., ‫لم يعطني حتى‬
‫( وال قرشا‬lam yu‘ṭinī, qiršan) he did not
give me even a piaster, he did not give me
as much as a piaster; ‫ ال – وال‬neither -- nor
‫ ال ابالية‬lā-ubālīya indifferent attitude,
indifference
‫ ال أدرية‬lā-adrīya skepticism;
agnosticism
‫ الال أنا‬al-lā-anā the nonego (philos.)
‫ ال أنانية‬lā-anānīya selflessness,
unselfishness
‫ ال جنسية‬lā-jinsīya statelessness, being
without nationality
‫ ال ديني‬lā-dīnī antireligious, irreligious,
without religion
‫ ال دينية‬lā-dīnīya irreligion, godlessness
‫ ال سامي‬lā-sāmī anti-Semitic; anti-
Semite
‫ ال سامية‬lā-sāmīya anti-Semitism
‫ ال سلكي‬lā-silkī wireless, radio (adj.);
radio, broadcasting; radio message │ ‫اشارة‬
‫( ال سلكية‬išāra) radio message
‫ الالشعور‬al-lā-šu‘ūr the unconscious,
unconscious mind, unconsciousness
‫ الشعوري‬lā-šu‘ūrī unconscious, unaware
‫ ال شيء‬lā-šai’ nothing, nonentity, nil
‫ ال شيئية‬lā-šai’īya nonexistence,
nothingness; nullity, nihility
‫ المباالة‬lā-mubālāh and ‫ المبالية‬lā-
mubālīya indifferent attitude, indifference
‫ المركزية‬lā-markazīya decentralization
‫ المسؤولية‬lā-mas’ūlīya irresponsibility
‫ ال نظام‬lā-niẓām lack of system,
confusion
‫ الالنھاية‬al-lā-nihāya the infinite
‫ النھائي‬lā-nihā’ī infinite
‫ الالتين‬al-lātīn the (ancient) Latins
‫ التيني‬lātīnī Latin │ ‫( الحي الالتيني‬ḥayy)
the “Quartier latin” (in Paris)
‫ الالتينية‬al-lātīnīya the Latin language,
Latin
‫ الدن‬lādan, lādin laudanum
‫ الزورد‬lāzuward, lāzaward lapis lazuli; azure
‫ الزوردي‬lāzuwardī azure-blue, azure,
sky-blue, cerulean
‫ الزوردية‬lāzuwardīya azure, blue of the
sky
‫( السيه‬Fr. lacet) lāsēh lace, cord
1
‫ألك‬IV to send as a messenger (‫ الى ه‬s.o. to)
‫ مألك‬mal’ak and ‫ ملك‬malak pl. ‫مالئك‬
malā’ik2, ‫ مالئكة‬malā’ika angel; messenger,
envoy
‫ مالئكي‬malā’ikī angelic(al); heavenly
2
‫ الئكي‬look up alphabetically
‫ الكن‬lākin, lākinna however, yet, but
‫ ألأل‬la’la’a (‫ ألألة‬la’la’a) to shine, flash, glitter,
glisten, sparkle, gleam, shimmer,
glimmer, beam, radiate; to wag (‫ بذنبه‬bi-
danabihī the tail) II tala’la’a to shine,
glitter, glisten, sparkle, gleam, shimmer,
glimmer, beam, radiate
‫ ألألة‬la’la’a shine, glow, brightness,
brilliancy, radiance, flash, glitter, twinkle
‫ ألالء‬la’lā’ glitter, flash; light, glow,
gleam; perfect joy, unruffled gaiety;
dealer in pearls
‫ لؤلؤ‬lu’lu’ (coll.; n. un. ‫ )ة‬pl.: ‫ آللي‬la’ālī2
pearls │ ‫ زھر اللؤلؤ‬zahr al-l. daisy; ‫عرق‬
‫‘ اللؤلؤ‬irq al-l. mother-of-pearl, nacre
‫ لؤلؤى‬lu’lu’ī pearly; pearl-colored,
whitish │ ‫ شعير لؤلؤي‬pearl barley 852
‫ تأللؤ‬tala’lu’ shining, radiance,
brilliancy
‫ متأللئ‬mutala’li’ shimmering,
glistening, glittering, flashing, sparkling
‫ ألم‬la’ama a (la’m) to dress, bandage (‫ ھـ‬a
wound); to repair, mend (‫ ھـ‬s.th.); to
solder, weld; -- ‫ لؤم‬la’uma (lu’m, ‫آلمة‬
la’āma, ‫ مألمة‬mal’ama) to be ignoble,
lowly (of character and birth); to be base,
mean, vile, evil, wicked III to agree (‫ه‬
with s.o.); to suit, fit (garment; ‫ ه‬s.o.); to
be adequate, appropriate (‫ ھـ‬to s.th.), be
suitable, fit, proper, convenient, favorable,
propitious (‫ ھـ‬for s.th.); to be adapted (‫ھـ‬
 to), be in harmony (‫ ھـ‬with), match (‫ھـ‬
s.th.); to agree (climate, food; ‫ ه‬with s.o.),
be wholesome (climate, air, food; ‫ ه‬for
s.o.); to bring about a reconciliation, make
peace (‫ بين‬between), reconcile (‫ بين – و‬s.o.
with); to make consistent or congruous,
reconcile, harmonize, bring into harmony
(‫ بين‬different things) IV to act ignobly,
behave shabbily VI to be mended, be
repaired, be corrected; to go well (‫مع‬
with); to act meanly VIII to be mended, be
repaired, be corrected; to be joined, be
connected, be patched up, be soldered, be
welded; to match, fit together, harmonize,
be in harmony, agree, go together, be
congruous, conformable, consistent; to be
tuned or geared to each other (fig.); to
unite, combine; to cohere, stick together;
to heal, close (wound); to gather,
assemble, convene (persons); to meet
(committee, congress, council, etc.)
‫ ألم‬la’m dressing, bandaging (of a
wound); joining, junction, connection;
repair
‫ لؤم‬lu’m ignoble mind, baseness,
meanness, vileness, wickedness;
niggardliness, miserliness; sordidness;
iniquity
‫ لئم‬li’m peace; concord, agreement,
union, unity, unanimity; conformity,
consistency, harmony
‫ ألمة‬la’ma cuirass, pair of cuirasses
‫ لئيم‬la’īm pl. ‫ لئام‬li’ām, ‫ لؤماء‬lu’amā’,
‫ لؤمان‬lu’mān, ignoble, lowly, low, base,
mean, evil, vile, wicked, depraved; sordid,
filthy, dirty; niggardly, miserly
‫ مالءمة‬mulā’ama adequacy,
appropriateness, properness, suitability,
fitness; peacemaking, (re)conciliation;
concord, union, agreement, harmony
‫ مالئم‬mulā’im adapted, suited,
appropriate (‫ ل‬to), suitable, fit, proper,
convenient, favorable, propitious (‫ ل‬for);
agreeing, harmonizing, in conformity,
consistent (‫ ل‬with)
‫ الم‬lām name of the letter ‫ل‬
‫ المي‬lāmī lām-shaped, resembling the
letter ‫ل‬
‫ الما‬lāmā llama (zool.)
‫( النش‬Engl.) lanš pl. -āt launch, motorboat,
small steamer
‫ الھاي‬lāhāy The Hague (city in SW
Netherlands)
‫ الھوت‬lāhūt godhead, deity; divine nature,
divinity │ ‫‘ علم الالھوت‬ilm al-l. theology
‫ الھوتي‬lāhūtī theological; theologian
‫ الالھوتية‬al-lāhūtīya theology
‫ الھور‬lāhūr2 Lahore (city in W Pakistan)
‫ ألواء‬la’wā’ 2 severe distress, hardship
‫ ألي‬la’y slowness, tardiness; tediousness,
tiresomeness │ ‫ بعد ألي‬after great
difficulties, in the end, finally, after all
‫( الئكي‬from Fr. laïque) lā’ikī layman; secular,
laic, lay
‫ الئكية‬lā’ikīya laicism 853
‫ لب‬labba u (labb) to remain, abide, stay
(‫ ب‬in a place); -- (1st pers. perf. labibtu) a
(‫ لبب‬labab) and (1st pers. perf. labubtu) u (
‫ لبابة‬labāba) to be sensible, reasonable,
intelligent II to kernel, ripen into kernels,
produce kernels (grain, nuts) V to gird o.s.
prepare o.s. (‫ ل‬for)
‫ لب‬lubb pl. ‫ لبوب‬lubūb kernels, core (of
fruits); the innermost, marrow, pith; core,
gist, essence; prime, best part; -- (pl. ‫الباب‬
albāb) heart; mind, intellect, reason,
understanding
‫ لبة‬labba pl. -āt upper part of the chest;
throat of an animal, spot where its throat
is slit in slaughtering
‫ لبة‬libba (eg.) golden necklace
‫ لبب‬labab pl. ‫ الباب‬albāb upper part of
the chest; throat of an animal, spot where
its throat is slit in slaughtering; breast
collar (of a horse’s harness); martingale
‫ لباب‬lubāb marrow, pith, core,
quintessence, gist, prime, beet part │ ‫لباب‬
‫ الخشب‬l. kašab cellulose
‫ لبيب‬labīb pl. ‫ الباء‬alibbā’ understanding,
reasonable, sensible, intelligent
‫ تلبيب‬talbīb pl. ‫ تالبيب‬talābīb2 collar │
‫ اخذ بتالبيبه‬to collar s.o., seize s.o. by the
collar
‫ لبؤة‬labu’a pl. -āt lioness
‫ لبتة‬labta carp (zool.)
‫ لبث‬labita a (labt, lubt, labat, ‫ لباث‬lubāt) to
hesitate, tarry, linger; to abide, remain,
stay (‫ ب‬in a place); (with imperf.) to
persist in an activity, keep doing s.th. │ ‫ما‬
‫ )لبث )لم يلبث( أن )حتى‬it did not take long
before he …, presently he ..., he lost no
time in …; ‫ لبث يفعله‬he did it for a while V
to hesitate, tarry, linger; to abide, remain,
stay ‫ لبس‬labisa a (lubs) to put on, wear (‫ ھـ‬a dress,
‫ لبث‬labt, lubt, labat hesitation, tarrying,
delay; stay, sojourn
‫ لبثة‬lubta short delay, brief respite;
pause; temporary stay or stop, stopover
‫ لبخ‬labk, labak (coll.; n. un. ‫ )ة‬a variety of
acacia (Mimosa lebbec L.), also lebbek
tree (Albizzia lebbek Bth.; bot.)
‫ لبخة‬labka pl. labakāt cataplasm,
poultice; soft mass, mush; emollient
plaster, emollient
‫ لبيخ‬labīk fleshy, corpulent
‫ لبد‬labada u (‫ لبد‬lubūd) to stick, adhere, cling (
‫ ب‬to s.th.), get stuck (‫ ب‬on); to abide,
remain, stay (‫ ب‬in a place) II to cause to
adhere and mat together, to felt, mat (‫ھـ‬
wool); to line with felt (‫ ھـ‬s.th.); to beat
down, weigh down (‫ ھـ‬s.th., e.g., the hail
-- grass); to full (‫ ھـ‬s.th.) IV to cling
firmly, adhere, stick (‫ ب‬to s.th.) V do.; to
stick together; to become felted, matted,
entangled, interwoven; to be compressed;
to become clouded; to become overcast (
‫ بالغيوم‬with clouds; sky); to become
gloomy (face)
‫ لبد‬libd pl. ‫ لبود‬lubūd, ‫ الباد‬albād felt │
‫ لبود من الغمائم‬thick masses of clouds
‫ لبد‬labad wool
‫ لبد‬labid coherent; compact
‫ لبد‬lubad the seventh vulture of Luqmān
(whose death ended Luqmān’s life;
metaphor of longevity)
‫ لبدة‬libda pl. ‫ لبد‬libad mane (of a lion);
(eg.) skullcap of felt, worn under or
without a tarboosh; felt hat (of the
dervishes)
‫ لبدة‬lubda pl. ‫ لبد‬lubad matted and
pressed wool or hair, felt
‫ لباد‬labbād feltmaker; felt
‫ لبادة‬lubbāda pl. -āt horse blanket,
saddle blanket; -- (pl. ‫ لبابيد‬labābīd 2) felt
cap 854
‫ ملبد‬mulabbad: ‫( ملبد بالغيوم‬bi-l-guyūm)
overcast, heavily clouded (sky)
‫ متلبد‬mutalabbid: ‫ متلبد بالغيوم‬overcast,
heavily clouded (sky)
garment); to dress (‫ ھـ‬in), clothe o.s. garb
o.s. (‫ ھـ‬in or with) II to dress (‫ ھـ ه‬s.o. in),
clothe, garb, attire (‫ ھـ ه‬s.o. with); to cover,
envelop, overlay, coat (‫ ب ھـ‬s.th. with.
layer); to drape, line, face, case (‫ ب ھـ‬s.th.
with); to inlay (e.g., wood with ivory); to
suffuse (‫ ه‬s.o., e.g., pallor), seize (‫ ه‬s.o.,
e.g., so tremor); to make obscure, unclear,
abstruse, involved, complicated (‫على ھـ‬
s.th. for s.o.); to deceive, dupe (‫ على‬s.o.)
III to be on intimate terms, associate
closely, hobnob (‫ ه‬with s.o.); to be in close
contact (‫ ه‬،‫ ھـ‬with s.o., with s.th.); to
surround (‫ ه‬s.o.; environment, milieu,
conditions) IV to dress (‫ ھـ ه‬s.o. in), clothe,
garb, attire (‫ ھـ ه‬s.o. with); to drape,
envelop, coat, overlay, cover, face, line,
case (‫ ھـ‬s.th.) V to dress, get dressed (‫ب‬
in), clothe o.s. (‫ ب‬in or with); to be
dressed, clad, attired; to be covered (‫ب‬
with), be enveloped, wrapped (‫ ب‬in); to
get involved (‫ ب‬in s.th.), be drown (‫ ب‬into
s.th.); to meddle, bother (‫ ب‬with), go into
s.th. (‫ ;)ب‬to be obscure, incomprehensible,
dubious, equivocal, ambiguous (‫ على‬for
s.o.) VIII to be obscure, dubious,
equivocal, ambiguous (‫ على‬for s.o.); to get
mixed up (‫ ب‬with); to mistake (‫ ھـ‬s.th., ‫ب‬
for)
‫ لبس‬labs, lubs and ‫ لبسة‬lubsa tangle,
muddle, confusion, intricacy, obscurity,
uncertainty, abstruseness, ambiguity │ ‫كان‬
‫ في لبس من امره‬to be uncertain about s.o.; to
have doubts about s.o.
‫ لبس‬libs pl. ‫ لبوس‬lubūs clothes, clothing,
dress, apparel; costume
‫ لبسة‬libsa manner or style of dressing,
costume
‫ لباس‬libās pl. -āl, ‫ البسة‬albisa clothes,
clothing; costume; apparel; garment, robe,
dress; (eg., syr.) (men’s) drawers │ ‫لباس‬
‫ الرأس‬l. ar-ra’s headdress, headgear; ‫لباس‬
‫ التقوى‬l. at-taqwā decency, modesty; ‫لباس‬
‫( رسمي‬rasmī) and ‫‘( لباس عسكري‬askarī)
uniform; ‫ لباس السھرة‬l. as-sahra evening
gown, evening clothes, formal dress; ‫لباس‬
‫( وطني‬waṭanī) national costume; ‫البسة جاھزة‬
ready-made clothes
‫ لبيس‬labīs worn; worn clothes,
secondhand clothes; Nile carp (Cyprinus
niloticus: zool.)
‫ لبوس‬labūs clothing, clothes;
suppository (med.) │ ‫( لبوس رسمي‬rasmī)
uniform
‫ ملبس‬malbas pl. ‫ مالبس‬malābis2 garment,
dress, robe, apparel, suit; pl. also:
clothing, clothes, costume │ O ‫ملبس الوقاية‬
protective clothes; ‫ مالبس التشريفة‬dress
uniform; ‫( مالبس داخلية وخارجية‬dākilīya wa-
kārijīya) underwear and outer clothes;
‫( مالبس رسمية‬rasmīya) livery, uniform; O
‫ مالبس الميدان‬m. al-maidān field uniform;
‫ محل المالبس‬maḥall al-m. ready-made-
clothes store
‫ تلبيس‬talbīs clothing, dressing, garbing;
draping, lining, facing, casing; overlaying,
coating; wall facing, wall plaster,
paneling; inlay work; deception, deceit,
fraud
‫ تلبيسة‬talbīsa suppository (med.)
‫ مالبسة‬mulābasa intercourse, intimate
association, close relations; ‫مالبسات‬
relations, connections; concomitants,
accompanying phenomena; surrounding
conditions, environment
‫ الباس‬ilbās clothing, dressing, garbing
‫ تلبس‬talabbus: ‫ قضايا التلبس‬qaḍāyā t-t.
(jur.) cases of “flagrante delicto”, criminal
cases in which the perpetrator was caught
in the act
‫ التباس‬iltibās confusion, tangle,
intricacy, obscurity, ambiguity,
dubiousness, 855 doubt │ ‫ رفع االلتباس‬raf‘
al-ilt. correction, rectification,
clarification; ‫( احاط به االلتباس‬aḥāṭa) to be
wrapped in obscurity, be completely
ambiguous
‫ ملبوس‬malbūs worn, used (clothes);
(eg.) possessed, in a state of frenzy or
religious ecstasy; pl. ‫ ملبوسات‬articles of
clothing, clothes
‫ ملبس‬mulabbas involved, intricate,
obscure, dubious; inlaid, coated,
incrusted; sugar-coated, candied; (pl. -āt)
bonbon, candy; dragée
‫ متلبس‬mutalabbis: ‫( متلبسا بالجريمة‬he was
caught, and the like) redhanded, in the act,
flagrante delicto
‫ ملتبس‬multabis involved, intricate,
ambiguous, equivocal; dubious, doubtful,
uncertain, unclear
‫ لبط‬labaṭa II (labṭ): ‫( لبط به األرض‬arḍ) to throw
s.o. to the ground, fell s.o.; -- i to kick; to
gallop about (animal)
‫ لبق‬labaqa II (‫ لباقة‬labāqa) to be clever, slick,
adroit, skilled, skillful, versatile, suave,
elegant, have refined manners; -- labiqa a
(labaq) do.; to fit, suit, become (clothes; ‫ب‬
s.o.) II to fit, adapt, adjust (‫ ھـ‬s.th.)
‫ لبق‬labaq cleverness, smartness,
slyness, subtlety; skill, adroitness,
slickness, ingenuity; seemliness,
propriety, decency, decorum
‫ لباقة‬labāqa cleverness, smartness,
slyness, subtlety; skill, adroitness,
slickness, ingenuity; seemliness,
propriety, decency, decorum; elegance,
refined manners, suavity, gracefulness
‫ لبق‬labiq clever, smart, sly, subtle;
slick, adroit, skilled, skillful, versatile;
elegant, suave, of refined manners; fitting,
proper, becoming, seemly
‫ لبيق‬labīq clever, smart, sly, subtle;
skillful, adroit; elegant, suave, refined
‫ لبك‬labaka u (labk) and II to mix. Mingle,
intermix (‫ ھـ‬s.th.); to confuse, mix up,
muddle, jumble (‫ ھـ‬s.th.); -- labika a, V
and VIII to get confused, be thrown into
disorder, be disarranged, become
disorganized
‫ لبك‬labk and ‫ لبكة‬labka mixture;
confusion, muddle, jumble
‫ لبيك‬see ‫لبي‬
‫ لبلب‬lablaba to fondle, cares (‫ ب‬her child;
mother)
‫ لبلب‬lablab, lublub affectionate, tender
 ‫ لبالب‬lablāb English ivy (Hedera helix;
bot.); (eg.) lablab, hyacynth bean
(Dolichoe lablab; bot.)
‫ لبلوب‬lablūb (eg.) pl. ‫ لباليب‬labālīb2
young shoot, sprout, vine
‫ لبن‬II to make brick VIII to suck milk
‫ لبن‬libn, labin (coll.) unburnt brick(s),
adobes
‫ لبنة‬labina (n. un.) pl. -āt brick, adobe
‫ لبن‬laban pl. ‫ البان‬albān, ‫ لبان‬libān milk;
(syr.) leban, coagulated sour milk; pl. ‫البان‬
dairy products, milk products │ ‫لبن الخض‬
l. al-kaḍḍ buttermilk; ‫ شرش اللبن‬širš al-l.
whey; O ‫ ميزان اللبن‬mīzān al-l. lactoscope;
‫ فرع األلبان‬far‘ al-a. dairy department
‫ لبني‬labanī lactic, milk (adj.); milky,
milklike, lacteous, lacteal
‫ لبنية‬labanīya a dish prepared of milk
‫ لبنات‬labanāt lactate │ ‫ لبنات الجير‬l. al-jīr
calcium lactate
‫ لبان‬labān breast
‫ لبان‬lubān frankincense, olibanum │ ‫لبان‬
‫( جاوي‬jāwī) benzoin; ‫ لبان ذكر‬dakar (eg.)
olibanum, oriental frankincense (resin of
Boswellia carteri; bot.); ‫( لبان شامي‬eg.) a
pitchy resin used as a depilatory 856
(resin of Pinus Brutia Ten.); ‫لبان العذراء‬
al-‘adrā’ magnesia, Epsom salts, bitter
salt
‫ لبان‬libān sucking, nursing; (eg.)
towline
‫ لبان‬labbān brickmaker; milkman
‫ لبانة‬lubāna pl. -āt, ‫ لبان‬lubān wish,
desire, object, aim, goal, end; business,
undertaking, enterprise
‫ لبانة‬libāna selling or production of milk
products, dairy
‫ لبنة‬labina, ‫ لبون‬labūn, ‫ لبونة‬labūna pl.
‫ لبان‬libān, ‫ لبن‬lubn, lubun, ‫ لبائن‬labā’in
milk, giving milk │ ‫( حيوان لبون‬ḥayawān)
mammal
‫ لبنى‬lubnā storax tree
‫ لبنان‬lubnān2 Lebanon
‫ لبناني‬lubnānī Lebanese (pl. -ūn) a
Lebanese
‫ ملبن‬malban a sweet made of
cornstarch, sugar, mastic and pistachios
‫ ملبنة‬malbana dairy
‫ لبوة‬labwa pl. labawāt lioness
‫ لبى‬II to follow, obey (‫ ھـ‬a call, an invitation),
respond, accede (‫ ھـ‬to), comply (‫ ھـ‬with a
request), carry out (‫ ھـ‬an order) │ ‫لبى نداء‬
‫( ربه‬nidaā’a rabbihī) to be called away by
the Lord, pass away
‫ لبيك‬labbaika here I am! at your service!
‫ تلبية‬talbiya following, obeying,
observance, accedence, response,
compliance │ ‫( تلبية ل‬talbiyatan) in
compliance with; ‫( تلبية لدعوته‬li-da‘watihī)
upon his invitation
‫ لبيريا‬libēriyā Liberia
‫ لت‬latta u (latt) to pound, bray, crush (‫ ھـ‬s.th.);
to mix with water (‫ ھـ‬flour); to knead (‫ھـ‬
dough); to roll (‫ ب‬s.th. in), coat (‫ ب ھـ‬s.th.
with); (eg.) to prattle, chatter │ ‫لت وعجن في‬
‫( مسألة‬wa-‘ajana, mas’ala) not to tire of
raising a problem anew, discuss a question
back and forth
‫ لت‬latt (eg.) idle talk, prattle
‫ لتات‬lattāt (eg.) prattler, chatterbox,
windbag
‫ لتر‬litr pl. -āt liter
‫( لتموس‬Engl.) litmūs litmus
‫ لتوانيا‬lituwāniyā Lithuania
‫ التي‬allatī see ‫( الذي‬alphabetically)
‫ لثة‬see ‫لثو‬
‫ لثغ‬latiga a (latag) to pronounce defectively
(esp. the lingual r), lisp (‫ ث‬for ‫س( │ لثغ‬
‫( بالسين‬sīn) to lisp the s
‫ لثغة‬lutga defective pronunciation,
lisping
‫ الثغ‬altag2, f. ‫ لثغاء‬latgā’2, pl. ‫ لثغ‬lutg
having a speech defect, lisping
‫ لثم‬latama i (latm) to kiss (‫ ھـ‬s.th.); to strike,
hit, wound, injure (‫ ھـ‬s.th.) II to veil (‫ ھـ‬the
face) with the li/dm (q.v.); to veil, cover (
‫ ھـ‬s.th.) V and VIII to veil one’s face; to
cover o.s., wrap o.s. up, muffle o.s.
‫ لثمة‬latma kiss
 ‫ لثام‬litām veil (covering the lower part
of the face to the eyes); cover, wrapping
‫ ملثم‬mutallam and ‫ متلثم‬mutalattim veiled
‫ لثة‬lita pl. -āt, ‫ لثى‬litan gums
‫ لثوي‬litawī gingival, alveolar, of or
pertaining to the gums │ ‫ الحروف اللثوية‬the
interdental sounde ‫ ذ‬،‫ ث‬and ‫( ;ظ‬phon.)
‫ لج‬lajja (1st pers. perf. lajijtu) a and (1st pers.
perf. lajajtu) i (‫ لجج‬lajaj, ‫ لجاج‬lajāj, ‫لجاجة‬
lajāja) to be stubborn, obstinate,
unyielding, relentless; to persist, persevere ‫ لجب‬lajab noise, uproar, tumult; huge,
(‫ في‬in); to insist (‫ في‬on); to continue (‫في‬
s.th.), keep doing s.th. (‫ ;)في‬to importune,
857 pester, trouble, bother, inconvenience
(‫ على‬s.o.); to bear down (‫ ب‬on s.o.), hit
hard, wear out, weaken, exhaust (‫ ب‬s.o.,
e.g., battle), torment, harass (‫ ب‬s.o., e.g.,
hunger) III to argue or dispute obstinately
(‫ ه‬with s.o.) VIII to be noisy, uproarious,
tumultuous; to roar, storm, rage
‫ لج‬lujj and ‫ لجة‬lujja pl. ‫ لجج‬lujaj, ‫لجاج‬
lijāj depth of the sea; gulf, abyss, chum,
depth
‫ لجي‬lujjī fathomless, of tremendous
depth (sea)
‫ لجة‬lajja clamor, din, noise, hubbub
‫ لجاجة‬lajāja stickling, disputatiousness;
obstinacy, stubbornness; insistence,
persistence
‫ لجوج‬lajūj and ‫ الج‬lājj obstinate,
stubborn, unyielding, relentless, insistent,
troublesome, importunate, obtrusive,
officious
‫ لجن‬lajina a (lajn) to cling, adhere, stick (‫ ب‬to)
‫ لجأ‬laja’a a (‫ لجء‬laj’, ‫ لجوء‬lujū’) and ‫ لجئ‬laji’a
a (‫ لجأ‬laja’) to take refuge (‫ الى‬in), resort,
have recourse (‫ الى‬to), fall back (‫ الى‬on); to
seek information (‫ الى‬from), refer (‫ الى‬to) II
to coerce, force, compel (‫ الى ه‬s.o. to) IV
do.; to shelter, protect, guard (‫ ه‬s.o.); to
entrust, commit (‫ امره الى‬amrahū one’s
cause, one’s affairs to) VIII to flee (‫ الى‬to),
take refuge (‫ الى‬in), resort, have recourse (
‫ الى‬to)
‫ ملجأ‬malja’ pl. ‫ مالجئ‬malāji’2 (place of)
refuge, retreat; shelter; sanctuary, asylum;
home; base; pillbox, bunker, dugout │ ‫ملجأ‬
‫ األطفال‬day nursery, nursery school,
children’s home; ‫ ملجأ األيتام‬orphanage; ‫ملجأ‬
‫ الشيوخ‬home for the aged; ‫ ملجأ العميان‬m.
al-‘umyān institution for the blind; ‫ملجأ‬
‫ العجزة‬m. al-‘ajaza infirmary; O ‫ملجأ مضاد‬
‫( للغارات الجوية‬muḍādd, jawwīya) air-raid
shelter
‫ التجاء‬iltijā’ resorting, recourse (‫ الى‬to),
seeking refuge (‫ الى‬in, with)
‫ الجئ‬lāji’ one seeking refuge; refugee;
emigrant; inmate of an asylum
‫ ملتجئ‬multaji’ one seeking refuge, a
refugee
boisterous army
‫ لجب‬lajib uproarious, tumultuous,
noisy, clamorous
‫ لجلج‬lajlaja and II talajlaja to repeat words`in
speaking; to stammer, stutter
‫ لجلجة‬lajlaja stutter; stammering,
stammer
‫ لجالج‬lajlāj stutterer, stammerer
‫ ملجلج‬mulajlaj constantly repeated,
reiterated
‫ لجم‬lajama u (lajm) to sew (‫ ھـ‬s.th.) II and IV
to bridle, rein in (‫ ھـ‬a horse); to restrain,
curb, hold down, silence (‫ ه‬s.o.); to put the
bridle (‫ ه‬on s.o.) VIII to be bridled, be
curbed, be tamed, be harnessed (e.g.,
energies)
‫ لجام‬liillm pl. ‫ الجمة‬aljima, ‫ لجم‬lujum
bridle, rein
‫ ملجوم‬maljūm and ‫ ملجم‬muljam bridled,
curbed, harnessed
‫ لجنة‬lajna pl. -āt, ‫ لجان‬lijān, ‫ لجن‬lijan
board, council, commission, committee │
‫ لجنة التحقيق‬investigating committee; ‫لجنة‬
‫( ادارية‬idārīya) administrative board,
committee of management; ‫لجنة االمتحان‬
board of examiners, examination board;
‫ لجنة االنضباط‬disciplinary board; ‫لجنة تنفيذية‬
(tanfīdīya) executive committee; ‫لجنة صلحية‬
(ṣulḥīya) arbitration committee, board of
arbitration; ‫( لجنة فرعية‬far‘īya)
subcommittee; ‫( )لجنة قارة )مستديمة‬qārra,
mustadīma) standing committee, 858
permanent committee; ‫ لجنة المراقبة‬l. al-
mūrāqaba board of directors
‫ لجين‬lujain silver
 ‫ لجيني‬lujainī silvery
‫ لح‬laḥḥa (laḥḥ) to be close
(relationship) IV to implore, beseech,
request with urgency; to insist (‫ في‬on); to
be‫س‬et, importune, pester, harass (‫على‬
s.o.); to urge, press (‫ ب‬or ‫ في على‬s.o. to do
s.th.)
‫ لحح‬laḥiḥ and ‫ الح‬close, narrow
‫ لحوح‬laḥūḥ obstinate, stubborn,
persistent
‫ ملحاح‬milḥāḥ obstinate, stubborn,
persistent; importunate, obtrusive
‫ الحاح‬ilḥāḥ urging, pressing, urgency,
insistence; emphasis; urgent solicitation,
earnest request │ ‫ بإلحاح‬or ‫في إلحاح‬
insistently, earnestly, urgently
‫ ملح‬muliḥḥ pressing, urgent; persistent;
insistent, emphatic; importunate, obtrusive
‫ الحب‬lāḥib open, passable (road); o electrode
‫ لحج‬laḥaj2 Lahej (sultanate and city in the
Aden Protectorate)
‫ لحد‬laḥada a (laḥd) to dig a grave; to bury,
inter (‫ ه‬s.o.); to deviate from the right
course, digress from the straight path; to
abandon one’s faith, apostatize, become a
heretic; to lean, incline, tend (‫ الى‬to) IV =
I; VIII to deviate, digress; to abandon
one’s faith, apostatize, become a heretic or
unbeliever; to be inclined, lean, incline,
tend (‫ الى‬to)
‫ لحد‬laḥd pl. ‫ لحود‬luḥūd, ‫ ألحاد‬alḥād grave,
tomb; (ancient meaning: charnel vault
with a niche for the corpse in the lateral
wall)
‫ لحاد‬laḥḥād gravedigger
‫ إلحاد‬ilḥād apostasy; heterodoxy, heresy
‫ إلحادي‬ilḥādī of or pertaining to
godlessness
‫ ملحد‬mulḥid heretical, unbelieving; --
(pl. -ūn, ‫ مالحدة‬malāḥida) apostate,
renegade; heretic
‫ لحس‬laḥasa a (laḥs) to eat away (‫ھـ‬
s.th., esp. a moth the wool), devour (‫ھـ‬
s.th.); -- laḥisa a (laḥs, ‫ لحسة‬laḥsa, luḥsa,
‫ ملحس‬malḥas) to lick (‫ ھـ‬s.th.); to lick up,
lap up, lick out (‫ ھـ‬s.th.)
‫ ملحوس‬malḥūs licked; (eg.) imbecilic
‫ لحظ‬laḥaẓa a (laḥẓ, ‫ لحظان‬laḥaẓān) to regard,
view, eye (‫ ه‬،‫ ھـ‬s.o., s.th.), look (‫ ه‬،‫ ھـ‬at); to
notice, see, perceive, observe (‫ ھـ‬s.th., ‫ان‬
that) III to regard, view, eye (‫ ه‬،‫ ھـ‬s.o.,
s.th.), look (‫ ه‬،‫ ھـ‬at); to see, behold (‫ ه‬s.o.),
catch light (‫ ه‬of); to notice, perceive,
observe (‫ ان‬that, ‫ ھـ‬s.th.); to remark, say,
make the remark (‫ ان‬that); to consider,
bear in mind, observe, heed, take into
consideration (‫ ھـ‬s.th.); to pay attention (‫ھـ‬
to); to supervise, superintend (‫ ھـ‬s.th.) │
‫ الحظ عليه شيئا‬to observe or notice s.th. in
s.o.; ‫ مما يالحظ ان‬mimmā yulāḥaẓu anna it
will be noticed that ..., obviously ...,
evidently ...
‫ لحظ‬laḥẓ pl. ‫ الحاظ‬alḥāẓ look, glance
‫ لحظة‬laḥẓa pl. laḥaẓāt (quick or casual)
look, glance, glimpse; moment, instant │
‫ اللحظة الراھنة‬the present moment, the
immediate present; ‫ في لحظة‬in a moment,
instantly; ‫ في ھذه اللحظة‬at that moment;
‫ لحظات‬laḥaẓātin for a few moments
‫ لحظتئذ‬laḥẓata’idin at that moment
‫ مالحظة‬mulāḥaẓa pl. -āt seeing,
noticing, perception; observation; remark,
comment, casual statement, note;
observance, heed, notice, attention,
consideration; supervision,
superintendence, surveillance, control │
‫ ذو مالحظة‬considerable, notable 859
‫ الحظة‬lāḥẓa pl. ‫ لواحظ‬lawāḥiz2 eye; look,
glance
‫ ملحوظ‬malḥūẓ noted, noteworthy,
remarkable
‫ ملحوظة‬malḥūẓa pl. -āt observation;
remark; note
‫ مالحظ‬mulāḥiẓ director, superintendent;
overseer, supervisor, foreman
‫ مالحظ‬mulāḥaẓ: ‫ والمالحظ ان‬obviously ...,
evidently ...
‫ لحف‬laḥafa a (laḥf) to cover, wrap (‫ ه‬s.o.) IV
do.; to request or demand urgently V and
VIII to wrap o.s. (‫ ب‬in), cover s.o. (‫ب‬
with)
‫ لحف‬liḥf foot of a mountain
‫ لحاف‬liḥāf pl. ‫ لحف‬luḥuf (also ‫الحفة‬
alḥifa) cover, blanket; bedcover,
 counterpane, coverlet, quilt, comforter,
wrap
‫ ملحف‬milḥah and ‫ ملحفة‬milḥafa pl. ‫مالحف‬
malāḥif2 cover, blanket; wrap
‫ الحاف‬ilḥāf importunity (of a petitioner)
‫ ملتحف‬multaḥif wrapped (‫ ب‬in), covered
(‫ ب‬with)
‫ لحق‬laḥiqa a (laḥq, ‫ لحاق‬laḥaq) to catch up (‫ب‬
or ‫ ه‬with s.o.), overtake (‫ ب‬or s.o.), to
reach (‫ ب‬،‫ ھـ‬s.th.); to catch, make (‫ ب‬،‫ھـ‬
e.g., a train), to touch (‫ ب‬s.th.); to cling,
adhere, attach o.s., stick, hang on, keep
close (‫ ب‬to s.o.), to join (‫ ب‬s.o.), come
along (‫ ب‬with s.o.), to follow, succeed (‫ب‬
s.o.), to unite (‫ ب‬with); to betake o.s., go (
‫ ب‬to), to enter (‫ بمدرسة‬bi-madrasatin a
school, ‫ بخدمة‬bi-kidmatin a service, ‫لحق‬
‫ بخدمته‬to take up a position with s.o., enter
the services of s.o.), to overcome, befall,
affect, afflict (‫ ه‬s.o.; disease, fear, loss,
and the like), come, descend (‫ ه‬upon s.o.,
calamity, etc.), to be incumbent (‫ ه‬upon
s.o.), be imperative (‫ ه‬for) III to follow (‫ه‬
s.o.); to go after s.o. (‫)ه‬, trail, pursue,
chase (‫ ه‬s.o.) IV to attach, affix, join,
subjoin, append, annex, add (‫ ب ھـ‬s.th. to).
enclose (‫ ب ھـ‬s.th. in); to connect (‫ب ھـ‬
s.th. with); to increase, augment (‫ ھـ ب‬s.th.
by), to take in all a member, admit (‫ب ه‬
s.o. to an organization, and the like),
enroll (‫ ب ه‬s.o. in), to inflict (‫ ھـ ب‬upon
s.o. or s.th. s.th.), cause (‫ ھـ ب‬s.o. or s.th.
s.th., esp. damage); pass. ulḥiqa to be
admitted (‫ ب‬to an organization, a society,
etc.), become a member (‫ ب‬of), enter (‫ ب‬a
service) VI to follow in close succession;
to pursue or chase each other, to blend
into a continuous sequence, pass
insensibly into each other VIII to reach (‫ب‬
s.th. or s.o.); to catch up (‫ ب‬with),
overtake (‫ ب‬s.th. or s.o.); to join (‫ ب‬s.o.),
go or come along (‫ ب‬with), to enter (‫ ب‬a
service, a school, a university), join (‫ ب‬an
army, an organization, etc.), become a
member (‫ ب‬of), to matriculate (‫ ب‬at a
university), enroll (‫ ب‬in a faculty), to take
up (‫ ب‬a position, a job), to be attached (‫ب‬
to), be connected, be affiliated (‫ ب‬with), to
be attached, devoted, loyal │ ‫التحقبالحكومة‬
to go into government service X to annex
(‫ ھـ‬s.th.)
‫ لحق‬pl. ‫ الحاق‬alḥāq cultivable alluvial
soil left behind by a flood
‫ لحقي‬laḥaqī: ‫( مواد لحقية‬mawādd) detritus
(geol.), alluvium, alluvial residues
‫ لحاق‬liḥāq accession (‫ ب‬to), entry,
entrance (‫ ب‬to, into), joining (‫ ب‬of),
enrollment (‫ ب‬in), membership (‫ ب‬in)
‫ مالحقة‬mulāḥaqa pl. -āt pursuit, chase;
legal prosecution
‫ الحاق‬ilḥāq joining, junction,
subjunction, attachment, appending,
affixation, affixture, addition, annexation;
admission (‫ ب‬to an organization, and the
like), enrollment (‫ ب‬in an association, and
the like), political annexation
‫ التحق‬iltiḥāq entering (‫ ب‬of), entry,
entrance (y to office. into a school. etc.),
860 joining (‫ ب‬of), affiliation (‫ ب‬with);
accession (‫ ب‬to)
‫ استلحاق‬istilḥāq annexation; avowal of
paternity (jur.)
‫ الحق‬lāḥiq reaching; overtaking;
subsequent, following; added, affixed,
appended, subjoined, attached, joined,
connected │ ‫ سابقا – الحقا‬sābiqan – lāḥiqan
previously -- later on, at first --
subsequently
‫ الحقة‬lāḥiqa pl. ‫ لواحق‬lawāḥiq2
appendage, appurtenance, adjunct; pl.
acceasories, appurtenances, adjuncts,
dependencies
‫ ملحق‬mulḥaq added, affixed, appended,
attached, subjoined (‫ ب‬to s.th.), enclosed (
‫ ب‬in s.th.); adjoining, adjacent,
contiguous; written or printed in the
margin, marginal; appertaining,
appurtenant, incident, pertinent,
accompanying; incorporated, annexed;
supplement; -- (pl. -āt, ‫ مالحق‬malāḥiq2)
appendix; addition, addendum, postscript;
supplement, extra sheet (of a newspaper,
periodical, book); enclosure (in a letter);
appendage; pendant, locket; tag, label;
trailer (of a truck, etc.); annex, subsidiary
building, wing or addition to a building; --
(pl. -ūn) attaché; assistant; pl. ‫ ملحقات‬also:
annexed provinces, dependent territories,
dependencies │ ‫( ملحق بحري‬baḥrī) naval
attaché; ‫( ملحق تجاري‬tijārī) commercial
 attaché; ‫( ملحق جوي‬jawwī) air attaché; ‫ملحق‬
‫‘( عسكري‬askarī) or ‫( ملحق حربي‬ḥarbī)
military attaché; ‫( ملحق صحفي‬ṣuḥufī) press
attaché; ‫( ملحق فخري‬fakrī) titular attaché
‫ متالحق‬mutalāḥiq successive,
consecutive, uninterrupted. continuous │
‫ متالحق الحركة‬m. al-ḥaraka in continuous
motion
‫ لحم‬laḥama u (laḥm) to mend, patch, weld,
solder (up) (‫ ھـ‬s.th.); -- laḥima a to get
stuck II to solder (‫ ھـ‬s.th.) VI to join in
battle, engage in a mutual massacre; to
cling together, cleave together, stick
together, hang together, cohere; to hold
firmly together; to be joined, united VIII
to adhere, cleave, stick (‫ ب‬to); to be in
immediate contact (‫ ب‬with); to cling (‫ب‬
to), fit closely (‫ ب‬s.th.); to grapple, fight,
struggle (in a clinch or in close combat);
to cling together, cleave together, cohere;
to stick together; to be interjoined,
intermesh, be closely united; to close, heal
up, sear over, cicatrize (wound)
‫ لحم‬laḥm pl. ‫ لحوم‬luḥūm, ‫ لحام‬liḥām flesh;
meat │ ‫( بلحمه وشحمه‬šaḥmihī) in his real
human form; ‫( لحما ودما‬daman) dyed in the
wool, inveterate
‫ لحمة‬laḥma (n. un.) a piece of flesh or
meat
‫ لحمة‬laḥma, luḥma pl. ‫ لحم‬luḥam woof,
weft (of a fabric); decisive factor, motif;
luḥma relationship, kinship
‫ لحمية‬laḥmīya conjunctiva
‫ لحم‬laḥm fleshy, corpulent; carnivorous
‫ لحام‬liḥām pl. -āt soldering; welding;
soldered seam, soldered joint; solder
‫ لحام‬laḥḥām butcher; solderer; welder
‫ لحيم‬laḥīm fleshy
‫ لحامة‬laḥāma fleshiness, corpulence
‫ ملحمة‬malḥama pl. ‫ مالحم‬malāḥim2
bloody fight, slaughter, massacre, fierce
battle
‫ شعر ملحمي‬ši‘r malḥamī heroic poem
‫ التحام‬iltiḥām close union; cohesion;
conjunction, union, connection,
coherence; adhesion (phys.); grapple,
struggle, fight, close combat
‫ ملتحمة‬multaḥima conjunctiva
‫ لحن‬laḥana a (laḥn, ‫ لحون‬luḥūn, ‫لحانة‬
laḥāna) to speak ungrammatical Arabic
(interspersed with barbarisms); -- laḥina a
861 to be intelligent II to chant,
psalmodize; to intone, strike up a melody;
to set to music, compose (‫ ھـ‬s.th.)
‫ لحن‬laḥn pl. ‫ الحان‬alḥān, ‫ لحون‬luḥūn air,
tune, melody; grammatical mistake,
solecism, barbarism
‫ لحن‬laḥin intelligent, understanding,
sensible
‫ تلحين‬talḥīn pl. ‫ تالحين‬talāḥīn2 musical
composition, musical arrangement
‫ تلحيني‬talḥīnī singable
‫ ملحون‬malḥūn incorrect, ungrammatical
(language); (magr.) poetry in colloquial
language
‫ ملحن‬mulaḥḥin composer
(‫ لحو‬and ‫ لحي( لحا‬laḥā (laḥw) and ‫ لحى‬laḥā a
(laḥy) to insult, abuse, revile (‫ ه‬s.o.) VI to
call each other names, heap abuses on
each other VIII to grow a beard
‫ لحو‬laḥw and ‫ لحي‬laḥy insult, abuse,
invective, vilification, defamation
‫ لحي‬laḥy, dual: ‫ لحيان‬laḥyān, pl. ‫الح‬
alḥin, ‫ لحي‬luḥīiy jawbone
‫ لحية‬liḥya pl. ‫ لحى‬luḥan, liḥan beard,
whiskers (on cheeks and chin), full beard
│ ‫ اطلق لحيته‬aṭlaqa liḥyatahū to let one’s
beard grow; ‫ لحية التيس‬l. at-tais salsify
(Tregopogon porrifolium; bot.)
‫ لحية‬luḥayya2 Luhaiya (town in NW
Yemen, on Red Sea)
‫ لحاء‬liḥā’ bast
‫ الحى‬alḥā long-bearded
‫ ملتح‬multaḥin bearded, having a beard,
e.g., ‫( ماتح بلحية سوداء‬bi-liḥya saudā’) a
black-bearded man
‫ لخص‬II to abridge (‫ ھـ‬s.th.); to summarize, sum
up, epitomize, condense, compress (‫ھـ‬
s.th.); to excerpt (‫ ھـ‬s.th.), make an excerpt
or extract (‫ ھـ‬of); to give the essence of
s.th.; to sketch, outline (‫ ھـ‬s.th.); pass.
‫ يلخص‬yulakkaṣu it can he summed up (‫في‬
‫ ان‬to the effect that) V to he summarized,
 be epitomized, be condensed, be summed
up (‫ في‬in), amount briefly (‫ في‬to), be in its
essence (‫ في‬s.th.), narrow down (‫ في‬to)
‫ تلخيص‬talkīṣ abridgement;
condensation; summary, resume; epitome,
abstract, synopsis, outline; brier, abort
report
‫ ملخص‬mulakkaṣ abridged, excerpted,
summarized, condensed; (pl. -āt) extract,
excerpt, essence, gist
‫ لخلخ‬laklaka to shake, shake off (‫ ھـ‬s.th.) II
2
talaklaka to shake, totter
‫ ملخلخ‬mulaklak shaky, unsteady,
tottering
‫ لخمة‬lakama, lukama sluggish; gauche,
awkward, clumsy
‫ لخن‬lakan putrid stench
‫ لخن‬alkan2, f. ‫ لخناء‬laknā’2, pl. ‫ لخن‬lukn
stinking; uncircumcized (as an abusive
term)
1 in the presence of, in front of, before, with
‫ لدة‬lida see ‫ولد‬
2
‫ اللد‬al-lidd Lydda (city and international
airport in W Israel)
3
‫ لد‬ladda a (ladd) to dispute violently, have a
fierce quarrel (‫ ه‬with s.o.) II to defame,
slander (‫ ب‬s.o.); to bewilder, perplex,
nonplus V to turn helplessly right and left,
be bewildered, perplexed, confused; to be
headstrong, recalcitrant
‫ لدد‬ladad vehement quarrel, violent
dispute
‫ لدود‬ladūd, ‫ الد‬aladd2, f. ‫ لداء‬laddā’2, pl. ‫لد‬
ludd, ‫ لداد‬lidād, ‫ الداء‬aliddā’2 fierce, grim,
dogged, tough │ ‫‘( عدو الد‬adūw) mortal
enemy, archenemy, foe; ‫ عدو لدود‬do.
‫ متلدد‬mutaladdid obstinate, recalcitrant,
headstrong, rebellious 862
‫ لدغ‬ladaga u (ladg) to sting, bite (snake, s.o.);
to taunt, hurt, offend (‫ ه‬s.o.)
‫ لدغة‬ladga sting; bite
‫ لديغ‬ladīg pl. ‫ لدغاء‬ludagā’2, ‫ لدغى‬ladgā
stung; bitten
1
‫ لدن‬laduna u (‫ لدانة‬ladāna, ‫ لدونة‬ludūna) to be
soft, supple, pliant, flexible, resilient,
elastic II to soften (‫ ھـ‬s.th.); to mollify,
attenuate, temper, ease, mitigate, alleviate
(‫ ھـ‬s.th.)
‫ لدن‬ladn pl. ‫ لدن‬ludn, ‫ لدان‬lidān soft,
gentle; pliant, pliable, flexible, supple,
resilient, elastic; plastic
‫ الدن‬lādan, lādin laudanum
‫ لدانة‬ladāna and ‫ لدونة‬ludūna softness,
pliability, flexibility, suppleness,
plasticity, resilience, elasticity
‫ لدائن‬ladā’in2 plastics
‫ لدن‬ladun (prep.) at, by, near, close to; in the
presence of, in front of, before, with; in
possession of; ‫ من لدن‬from, on the part of;
since; -- (conj.) since, from the moment
when; ‫ لدن ان‬do.
‫ لدني‬ladunī (i.e. ‫ )من لدن ﷲ‬mystic; ‫العلم‬
‫‘( اللدني‬ilm), ‫ العلوم اللدنية‬knowledge imparted
directly by God through mystic intuition
(in Sufism)
‫ لدى‬ladā (prep.) at, by (place and time);
│ ‫ لدى الحاجة‬in case of need, if necessary;
‫ لديه‬ladaihi he has; ‫ ما لديك‬the condition you
are in, your state of mind; ‫ ليس لدينا غيرما‬...
(gairu) we know no more than what ...
‫ لذ‬ladda (1st pers. perf. ladidtu) a (‫ لذاذ‬ladad,
‫ لذاذة‬ladāda) to be sweet, delicious,
delightful, pleasant, gratify the senses II
and IV to please, gratify, delight (‫ ه‬s.o.); to
give pleasure (‫ ه‬to s.o.) V and VIII to be
pleased, delighted (‫ ب‬at), delight, revel,
take pleasure (‫ ب‬in), be gratified (‫ ب‬by);
to find (‫ ھـ‬s.th.) delicious or pleasant, take
delight (‫ ھـ‬in), enjoy, savor, relish (‫ ھـ‬s.th.)
X to find delicious or pleasant (‫ ھـ‬s.th.); to
find delightful (‫ ھـ‬s.th.); to take pleasure (
‫ ھـ‬in)
‫ لذة‬ladda pl. -āt joy, rapture, bliss;
pleasure, enjoyment, delectation, delight;
sensual delight, lust, voluptuousness
‫ لذيذ‬ladīd pl. ‫ لذ‬ludd, ‫ لذاذ‬lidād delicious,
delightful; pleasant; beautiful, wonderful,
splendid, magnificent; sweet
‫ لذاذة‬ladāda pl. ‫ لذائذ‬ladā’id2 sweetness;
charm; bliss; rapture; enjoyment,
delectation; pleasure, delight
 ‫ ملذة‬maladda pl. -āt, ‫ مالذ‬malādd2 joy,
pleasure, amenity, comfort; delightfulness,
enjoyment, delectation; voluptuousness
‫ متلذذ‬mutaladdid epicure
‫ لذع‬lada‘a a (lad‘) to burn (‫ ھـ‬s.th.); to brand,
cauterize (‫ ه‬s.o.); to hurt (with words),
insult, offend (‫ ه‬s.o.) V to burn
‫ لذع‬lada‘ burning, combustion;
conflagration, fire │ ‫ لذع البنادق‬rifle fire
‫ لذاع‬laddā‘ burning; very hot,
scorching; pungent, acrid, sharp; biting
(words)
‫ لوذع‬lauda‘ and ‫ لوذعي‬lauda‘ī
sagacious, ingenious, witty, quick-witted,
quick at repartee
‫ لوذعية‬lauda‘īya sagacity, ingenuity,
esprit, wit, quick-wittedness, mental
alertness
‫ الذع‬lādi‘ burning; pungent, acrid,
biting; sharp
‫ الذعة‬lādi‘a pl. ‫ لواذع‬lawādi‘2 gibe, taunt
‫ الالذقية‬al-lādiqīya Latakia, the ancient
Laodicea (seaport in W Syria)
1
‫ لذي‬ladiya a (ladan) to adhere, cleave (‫ ب‬to)
2
‫ الذي‬look up alphabetically 863
‫ لز‬lazza (1st pers. perf. lazaztu) u (lazz, ‫لزز‬
lazaz, ‫ لززاز‬lizāz) to tie (‫ ب ه‬s.th. to),
connect or join firmly, unite (‫ ب ه‬s.th.
with), make (‫ ھـ‬s.th.) stick (‫ ب‬to) II to
connect or join firmly, press together (‫ھـ‬
s.th.); to cram together; to urge, press,
coerce (‫ الى ه‬s.o. to) VI to be crammed
together; to lie close together V and VIII
to be united, joined, connected (‫ ب‬with);
to adhere, cleave, stick (‫ ب‬to)
‫ لز‬lazz and ‫ لزة‬lazza U bolt, staple, cramp
‫ ملزز‬mulazzaz crammed together;
closely united; firm, solid, compact
‫ لزب‬lazaba u (‫ لزوب‬luzūb) to be firm, be firmly
fixed, hold fast; to adhere, cleave, cling (‫ب‬
to); to stick (‫ ب‬to); -- laziba a (lazab) to
cohere, cleave together, stick together
‫ لزب‬lazib pl. ‫ لزاب‬lizāb little
‫ لزبة‬lazba pl. ‫ لزب‬lizab misfortune,
calamity
‫ الزب‬lāzib sticking, adhering, clinging;
firm, firmly fixed │ ‫صار ضربة الزب‬
(ḍarbata l.) to become necessary,
indispensable; ‫( ضرب ضربة الزب‬ḍuriba) to
meet with grave misfortune, be stricken
by disaster
‫ لزج‬lazija a (lazaj, ‫ لزوج‬luzūj) to be
sticky, ropy, gluey, viscid; to stick, cling,
get stuck (‫ ب‬to)
‫ لزج‬lazij sticky, gluey, ropy, viscid;
adhesive
‫ لزوجة‬luzūja stikiness, glueyness,
ropiness, viscidity
‫ لزق‬laziqa a (‫ لزوق‬luzūq) to adhere, cling,
cleave, stick, (‫ ب‬to) II to affix, post (‫ھـ‬
s.th.); to stick on, paste on (‫ ھـ‬s.th.); to
paste together (‫ ھـ‬s.th.); (eg.) to palm off,
foist (‫ ھـ ل‬s.th. on s.o.) IV to Palte on,
stick on, affix (‫ ھـ‬s.th.) VIII = I
‫ لزق‬lizq adjoining, adjacent, contiguous
│ ‫ لزقه‬lizqahū or ‫ بلزقه‬close to his side,
cose by
‫ لزق‬laziq sticky, gluey
‫ لزقة‬lazqa compress, stupe; plaster
‫ لزاق‬lizāq adhesive, agglutinant, glue,
cement, paste
‫ لزوق‬lazūq and ‫ الزوق‬lāzūq compress,
stupe; plaster, adhesive plaster, court
plaster
‫ لزم‬lazima a (‫ لزوم‬luzūm) to cling,
adhere, belong (‫ ھـ‬to), attend, accompany (
‫ ھـ‬s.th.); to persist, persevere (‫ ھـ‬in), stick,
keep (‫ ھـ‬to), keep doing (‫ ھـ‬s.th.);to adhere,
be attached, keep close, stick (‫ ه‬to s.o.); to
be inseparable (‫ ه‬،‫ ھـ‬from s.o., from s.th.);
to stay permanently (‫ ھـ‬in); to be
necessary; to be requisite, imperative,
indispensable (‫ ه‬for s.o.); to be incumbent
(‫ ه‬upon s.o.), be s.o.’s (‫ )ه‬duty │ ‫لزم داره‬
‫ ))فراشة‬to stay at home (in bed); ‫لزم الصمت‬
(ṣamta) to keep went, maintain silence III
to attend, accompany (‫ ھـ‬s.th.); to adhere,
stick, keep (‫ ھـ‬to); to pursue or practice
incessantly (‫ ھـ‬s.th.); to be constantly with
s.o. or in s.o.’s company (‫)ه‬, be constantly
around s.o. (‫ )ه‬to be assigned (‫ ه‬to),
accompany, attend (‫ ه‬s.o.); to be
inseparable (‫ ھـ‬،‫ ه‬from s.th., from s.o.); to
keep doing (‫ ھـ‬s.th.), persist, persevere (‫ھـ‬
in); to work with perseverance, display
sustained activity (‫ ھـ‬for) IV to force,
compel (‫ ھـ ه‬s.o. to); to force, press (‫ھـ ه‬,
also ‫ ب ه‬upon s.o. s.th.); to enjoin, impose
as a duty (‫ھـ ه‬, also ‫ ب ه‬on s.o. s.th.),
obligate (‫ھـ ه‬, also ‫ ب ه‬s.o. to or to do s.th.)
│ ‫( الزمه الحجة‬ḥujja) to force proof on s.o.,
force s.o. to accept an argument; ‫الزمه‬
‫ الفراش‬to confine s.o. to bed, compel s.o. to
my in bed (of a disease); ‫( الزمه المال‬or
‫ )بالمال‬to impose the payment of a sum on
s.o. VI to be attached or devoted to each
other, be inseparable VIII to 864 adhere,
stick, keep, hang on (‫ ھـ‬to); to keep doing
(‫ ھـ‬s.th.), persist, persevere (‫ ھـ‬in), keep
up, maintain preserve (‫ ھـ‬s.th.), abide (‫ھـ‬
by); to take upon o.s. (‫ ھـ‬s.th.); to make a
rule (‫ ھـ‬of s.th.), make (‫ ھـ‬s.th.) one’s duty,
impose upon o.s. (‫ ھـ‬s.th.); to assume as a
duty (‫ ب‬or ‫ ھـ‬s.th.); to undertake, obligate
o.s., bind o.s., pledge (‫ ب‬or ‫ ھـ‬to do s.th.);
to be in duty bound, be obligated or under
obligation, be or become liable (‫ ب‬or ‫ ھـ‬to
do s.th.); to be forced, be compelled (‫ ب‬or
a to do s.th.); to be responsible (‫ ب‬or ‫ھـ‬
for); to take over the monopoly (‫ ھـ‬of
s.th.), monopolize, farm (‫ ھـ‬e.g., the
levying of tax..) X to deem necessary (‫ھـ‬
s.th.); to necessitate, make necessary or
requisite (a s.th.); to require, need (‫ھـ‬
s.th.), call (‫ ھـ‬for), be in need (‫ ھـ‬of s.th.)
‫ لزمة‬lazma pl. -āt official concessions,
license, franchise
‫ لزوم‬luzūm necessity, exigency,
requirement; need, want │ ‫حسب اللزوم‬
ḥasaba l-l. as required, as the occasion
demands; ‫ عند اللزوم‬in case of need, when
(if) necessary, if need be; ‫بسكويت لزوم السفر‬
‫( بالبحر‬l. as-safar bi-l-baḥr) biscuit for the
voyage
‫ لزام‬lizām necessary, requisite;
necessity, duty, obligation │ ‫كان لزاما عليه‬
‫ ان‬to be s.o.’s duty to ..., be necessary for
s.o. that he ...
‫ الزم‬alzam2 more necessary, most
necessary
‫ ملزمة‬malzama pl. ‫ مالزم‬malāzim2
section, signature (of a book, = 16 octavo
sheets)
‫ ملزمة‬milzama pl. ‫ مالزم‬malāzim2 vise;
press
‫ مالزمة‬mulāzama adhesion, clinging,
sticking; remaining, staying, dwelling;
close attachment; dependence;
inseparableness, inherence, intrinsicality;
following, pursuit, pursuance;
perseverance, assiduity, zeal
‫ الزام‬ilzām coercion, compulsion
‫ الزامي‬ilzāmī forced, compulsory,
obligatory, required
‫ التزام‬iltizām pl. -āt necessity; duty,
obligation, commitment, liability;
engagement (philos. ); contract; farming
of taxes, farmage; concession, license,
franchise; monopoly; ‫ التزاما‬iltizāman by
contract, by the job │ ‫ قام بالتزاماته‬to meet
one’s obligations
‫ الزم‬lāzim inherent, intrinsic,
inseparable, indissoluble; necessary,
requisite, imperative, indispensable,
unavoidable, inevitable, inescapable;
incumbent, binding, obligatory;
intransitive (gram.); legally binding,
irrevocable (Isl. Law) │ ‫ كاالزم‬as it must
be, comme il faut, properly
‫ الزمة‬lāzima fixed attribute, inherent
property; standing phrase (of s.o.)
‫ لوازم‬lawāzim2 (pl.) necessary,
inseparable attributes or manifestations;
necessities, exigencies, requirements;
necessaries, requisites; necessaries,
fixtures
‫ ملزوم‬malzūm obligated, under
obligation, liable │ ‫( ملزوم باألداء‬adā’)
liable for taxes, taxable
‫ ملزومية‬malzūmīya duty, obligation,
commitment, liability
‫ مالزم‬mulāzim tenacious (with foil. gen.
it.: of), clinging, keeping, sticking (with
foll. genit.: to); persevering, persisting,
remaining, abiding; inseparable; closely
connected, or attached; attending,
accompanying; adhering; adherent,
follower, partisan; second lieutenant
(U.A.R., Tun.) │ ‫( مالزم اول‬awwal; U.A.R.,
Leb., Jord., Ir.) first lieutenant; ‫مالزم ثان‬
(tānin; Leb., Jord., Ir., formerly also Eg.,
syr.) second lieutenant 865
‫ ملتزم‬multazim engaged, committed,
under obligation; holder of a concession
 or monopoly; tax farmer; concessionaire,
concessionary; contractor
‫ ملتزم‬multazam pl. -āt requirement
‫ مستلزمات‬mustalzamāt requirements,
prerequisites, requisites; necessary or
inevitable consequences
‫ لستك‬lastik and ‫ لستيك‬lastīk rubber; eraser
‫ لسع‬lasa‘a a (las‘) to sting (‫ ه‬s.o.); to burn
(‫ ھـ‬s.th., e.g., the mouth); to hurt (with
words; ‫ ه‬s.o.)
‫ لسعة‬las‘a sting, bite; biting words
‫ لسيع‬lasī‘ pl. ‫ لسعى‬las‘ā, ‫ لسعاء‬lusa‘ā’2
stung
‫ السع‬lāsi‘ stinging; burning; biting,
acrid, pungent, sharp
‫ لسن‬lasina a (lasan) to be eloquent II to point,
taper, sharpen (‫ ھـ‬s.th.)
‫ لسن‬lasan eloquence
‫ لسن‬lasin and ‫ السن‬alsan2, f. ‫ لسناء‬lasnā’2,
pl. ‫ السن‬alsun eloquent
‫ لسان‬lisān m. and f. , pl. ‫ السنة‬alsina, ‫السن‬
alsun tongue; language; mouthpiece (fig.),
organ (esp., of a newspaper; = ‫لسان الحال‬
see below) │ ‫ على لسان‬from his mouth,
through him; ‫( على لسان الصحف‬l. iṣ-ṣuḥuf)
through the organ of the press; ‫قيل على لسانه‬
‫( ما‬qīla) things were ascribed to him which
..., he was rumored to have said things
which ...; ‫( لسان رسمي‬rasmī) official organ;
‫( متحدث بلسان وزارة الخارجية‬mutaḥaddit) a
spokesman of the Foreign Ministry; ‫باللسان‬
or ‫ لسانا‬lisānan orally, verbally; ‫دار على السن‬
‫( الخاص والعام‬a. il-kāṣṣ wa-l-‘āmm) to be
the talk of the town, be on everyone’s lips;
‫ لسان الثور‬l. at-taur borage (Borago
officinalis; bot.); ‫ لسان الحال‬the language
which things themselves speak, silent
language, mute expression (as
distinguished from the spoken word);
organ (of a party or political movement; a
newspaper); ‫ ولسان حاله يقول‬while he
seemed to say ..., with an expression as if
he wanted to say ...; ‫ لسان الحمل‬l. al-ḥamal
plantain (Plantago major L.; bot.); ‫لسان‬
‫ العصفر‬l. al-‘uṣfur common ash (Fraxinus
excelsior; bot.); ‫ لسان القفل‬l. al-qufl bolt of
the lock; ‫ لسان القوم‬l. al-qaum spokesman
(of a crowd); ‫ لسان الكلب‬l. al-kalb hound’s-
tongue (Cynoglossum; bos.); (eg.) also a
variety of scorpion’s tail (Scorpiurus
muricatus L.; bot.), having circinately
coiled pods; ‫ لسان المفتاح‬l. al-miftāḥ bit of
the key; ‫ ذو لسانين‬dū lisanain double-
tongued, deceitful, insincere, two-faced
‫ لساني‬lisānī oral, verbal
‫ ملسون‬malsūn liar
‫ لشبونة‬lišbōna2 Lisbon (capital of
Portugal)
(‫ ;* لشى‬from lā šai’a:) III to suppress,
crush, destroy, ruin, annihilate (. s.th.) VI
to be suppressed, be crushed, be
destroyed, be annihilated; to come to
nothing, be ruined, be frustrated, fail; to
disappear, vanish, dwindle, wane, fade
‫ مالشاة‬mulāšāh annihilation, destruction
‫ تالش‬talāšin annihilation, ruin, failure,
frustration; disappearance, evanescence,
vanishing, waning, decline
‫ متالش‬mutalāšin coming to nothing,
dwindling, waning; destructible;
evanescent, transient, ephemeral
‫ لص‬laṣṣa u (laṣṣ) to do stealthily or secretly (‫ھـ‬
s.th.); to rob, steal (‫ ھـ‬s.th.) V to become a
thief; to act stealthily
‫ لص‬liṣṣ pl. ‫ لصوص‬luṣūṣ, ‫ الصاص‬alṣāṣ
thief, robber
‫ لصوصية‬luṣūṣīya thievery, theft,
robbery
‫ متلصص‬mutalaṣṣiṣ behaving like a
thief, thievish │ ‫( اتى متلصصا الى‬atā) to
steal to, sneak up to 866
‫ لصق‬laṣiqa a (laṣq, ‫ لصوق‬luṣūq) to adhere,
cleave, cling, stick (‫ ب‬to) II to paste
together, stick together (‫ ھـ‬s.th.) III to
adjoin (‫ ھـ‬s.th.), be next (‫ ھـ‬to s.th.), be
contiguous (with), abut (‫ ھـ‬on), touch (‫ھـ‬
s.th.); to be in touch, in connection, in
contact (‫ ه‬with s.o.) IV to attach, affix,
stick, paste, glue (‫ ب ھـ‬s.th. to); to connect
(‫ ب ھـ‬s.th. with), join ( s.th. to); to bring (‫ھـ‬
s.th.) close (‫ ب‬to); to press (‫ ب ھـ‬s.th.
against) │ ‫( الصق لوحة‬lauḥa) to post a
placard; ‫( الصق به تھمة‬tuhma) to raise an
accusation against s.o. VI to cleave
together, cling together, cohere, stick
together; to agglomerate, conglomerate,
 cake, frit together; to blend, pass into each
other VIII = I; to hang on (‫ ب‬to), get stuck
(‫ ب‬to, on); to fit closely (‫ ب‬s.th.), cling (‫ب‬
to)
‫ لصق‬liṣq adhering, clinging, cleaving │
‫ لصق‬close to him (or it); ‫)ھو بلصقي )لصقي‬
he and I are inseparable
‫ لصق‬laṣiq sticky, gluey, glutinous;
adhesive, agglutinant; tenacious
‫ لصيق‬laṣīq one who cleaves or clings (
‫ ب‬to); adjoining, adjacent, bordering,
neighboring, abutting, contiguous; close-
fitting, skintight (dress)
‫ لصق‬laṣūq plaster
‫ مالصقة‬mulāṣaqa junction, conjunction,
connection, contact, union; adjacency,
contiguity; O adhesion, cohesion (phys.)
‫ الصاق‬ilṣāq poster, bill
‫ تالصق‬talāṣuq and ‫ التصاق‬iltiṣāq
cohesion, adhesion; contiguity, contact;
coherence
‫ مالصق‬mulāṣiq adjoining, adjacent,
abutting, contiguous, bordering,
neighboring, in close contact; companion;
neighbor; adherent
‫ ملصق‬mulṣaq attached, affixed; stuck
on, pasted on, glued on; fastened; brought
close; connected, joined; (pl. -āt) poster,
bill, placard
‫ متالصق‬mutalāṣiq cohering, sticking
together; blending, passing into each other
‫ ملتصق‬multaṣiq attached, affixed,
adhesive, sticking; adjoining, adjacent,
bordering, neighboring; contiguous,
connected, meeting or touching each
other, in contact; in the immediate
proximity (‫ ب‬of), close to (‫)ب‬
‫ ملضوم‬malḍūm de (row), close (rank)
‫ لطخ‬laṭaka a (laṭk) to stain, blot, sully, soil,
spatter, splash (‫ ب ھـ‬s.th. with) II do. V to
he soiled or stained
‫ لطخة‬laṭka pl. laṭakāt smear, blotch,
spot; stain, blemish, blot, disgrace
‫ لطخة‬luṭaka pl. -āt and ‫ لطيخ‬liṭṭīk ass,
dolt, fool
‫ لطس‬laṭasa u (laṭs) to strike, hit (‫ ه‬s.o.)
‫ ملطاس‬milṭās pl. ‫ مالطيس‬malāṭīs2 pickax
‫ لطش‬laṭaša u (laṭš) to strike, hit (‫ ه‬s.o.)
‫ لطع‬laṭa‘a a (laṭ‘) to strike, hit (‫ ه‬s.o.); to strike
out, erase (‫ ھـ‬s.th.)
‫ لطعة‬laṭ‘a blot, stain
‫ لطف‬laṭafa u (luṭf) to be kind and
friendly (‫ ب‬or ‫ ل‬to, toward s.o.); -- laṭufa
u (‫ لطافة‬laṭāfa) to be thin, fine, delicate,
dainty; to be graceful; to be elegant; to be
nice, amiable, friendly II to make mild,
soft, gentle, soften (‫ ھـ‬s.th.); to mitigate,
alleviate, ease, soothe, allay, palliate,
assuage, extenuate (‫ ھـ‬s.th.; also ‫ ;)من‬to
moderate, temper, lessen, diminish, reduce
(‫ ھـ‬s.th.; also ‫ ;)من‬to tone down (‫ ھـ‬s.th.;
also ‫ )من‬III to treat with kindness, with
benevolence (‫ ه‬s.o.); to be civil and polite
(‫ ه‬to, toward s.o.); to be complaisant,
obliging, indulgent, compliant (‫ ه‬toward
s.o.), humor (‫ ه‬s.o.); to flatter (‫ ه‬s.o.), fawn
(‫ ه‬upon); to caress, fondle, pet (‫ ه‬s.o.) │
٨٦٧ ‫( الطفه على كتفه‬katifihī) to pat s.o. on
the shoulder
V to be mitigated, be tempered, be
moderated; to be civil and polite, show
o.s. friendly and kind, be so kind as to do
s.th. (‫ ;)ب‬to bestow most kindly, have the
kindness to give (‫ ب‬s.th., also, e.g.,
advice. ‫ على‬to s.o.); to be tender,
affectionate, nice (‫ ب‬to s.o.); to win (‫ب‬
s.o.) over by subtle means, by favors, by
tricks; to go about s.th. (‫ في‬or ‫ )ب‬gently,
carefully, with caution; to do secretly,
covertly, without being noticed (‫ ب‬with
verbal noun: s.th.) VI to show o.s. friendly
and kind; to be polite, courteous, civil,
nice X to find (‫ ھـ‬s.th.) pretty, sweet, nice;
to like, find pleasant or charming (‫ ھـ‬s.th.)
‫ لطف‬lutf pl. ‫ الطاف‬alṭāf kindness,
benevolence, friendliness; gentleness,
mildness; civility, courteousness,
politeness; daintiness, cuteness,
gracefulness; delicateness, delicate grace
(e.g., of the limbs) │ ‫ بلطف‬gently, softly
‫ لطافة‬laṭāfa thinness fineness,
delicateness; gracefulness, loveliness,
charm; kindness, benevolence;
friendliness; politeness, esprit, intellectual
refinement, sophistication; suavity,
urbaneness
 ‫ لطيف‬laṭīf pl. ‫ لطاف‬liṭāf, ‫ لطفاء‬luṭafā‘2
thin; fine; delicate, dainty; little, small,
insignificant; gentle, soft, light, mild;
pleasant, agreeable; amiable, friendly,
kind, nice; civil, courteous, polite; affable,
genial; pretty, charming, lovely, graceful;
intellectually refined, full of esprit,
brilliant, witty; elegant; ‫ اللطيف‬the Kind
(one of the attributes of God) │ ‫ يا لطيف‬O
my God! good heavens! for goodness
sake! ‫( الجنس اللطيف‬jins) the fair sex
‫ لطيفة‬laṭīfa pl. ‫ لطائف‬laṭā’if2 witticism,
quip; joke, jest; subtlety, nicety │ ‫لطائف‬
‫ الحيل‬l. al-ḥiyal subtle tricks; ‫ لطائف النكات‬l.
an-nukāt nice jokes
‫ الطف‬alṭaf2 finer; more delicate; kinder,
nicer, more elegant
‫ مالطفة‬mulāṭafa amiable treatment,
amiability; civility, courteousness,
politeness; friendliness; benevolence,
kindness; caress; pl. -āt caresses
‫ تلطف‬talaṭṭuf friendliness (‫ ب‬toward
s.o.), amiability; favoring, favoritism;
civility, courteousness, politeness
‫ ملطفات‬mulaṭṭafāt sedatives
‫ لطم‬laṭama i (laṭm) to strike with the
hand (‫ ھـ‬the face, with despair, in
lamentation); to slap (‫ ه‬s.o.); to jolt; to
eject; to bump, strike (‫ ھـ‬against s.th.); to
hit (‫ ھـ‬s.th.) VI to exchange blows, fight,
brawl, battle (hostile armies); to collide,
clash (waves) VIII to collide, clash
‫ لطمة‬laṭma pl. laṭamāt blow; slap, box
on the ear; jolt, thrust
‫ لطيم‬laṭīm parentless
‫ ملطم‬malṭam cheek
‫ متلطم‬multaṭam clash (esp., of waves),
tumult, turmoil (of a battle, and the like),
melee
‫ لظي‬laẓiya a (‫ لظى‬laẓan) to burn brightly, flare,
flame, blaze, be ablaze; to burn with rage
V and VIII do.
‫ لظى‬laẓan blazing fire, blaze, flame
‫ لعب‬la‘aba and la‘iba a (la‘b) to slaver; to
slobber, drool (baby); -- la‘iba a (lu‘b,
li‘b, la‘ib, ‫ تلعاب‬tal‘āb) to play (‫ ب‬with
s.th.; ‫ على‬an instrument); to toy ( with); to
dally (‫ ب‬with); to trick, cheat, deceive,
dupe (‫ على‬s.o.) │ ‫( لعب األوراق‬aurāqa) to
play cards; ‫( لعب دورا‬dauran) to play a part
or role; ‫ لعب الموسيقى‬to make music; ‫لعب‬
‫( بالشطرنج‬šaṭranj) to play chess; ‫لعبت به‬
‫ الھموم‬he became the sport of sorrows; ‫لعب‬
‫‘( في عقله‬aqlilhī) to turn s.o.’s head II to
make (‫ ھـ‬s.th.) play, set (‫ ھـ‬s.th.) going; to
wag (‫ ھـ‬the tail) III to play (‫ ه‬with s.o.); to
888 have fun, play around, jest, dally,
trifle (‫ ه‬with s.o.) IV to make play, cause
to play (‫ ه‬s.o.) V to play, act playfully VI
to play (‫ ب‬with s.th.); to make fun (‫ ب‬of
s.o.), mock (‫ ب‬at s.o.); to pull s.o.’s (‫)ب‬
leg; to playa trick; to act fraudulently
‫ لعب‬la‘b, li‘b, la‘ib pl. ‫ العاب‬al‘āb play;
game, joke, jest; (un, amusement,
diversion, pastime, sport │ ‫لعب القمار‬
gambling, gamble; ‫ األلعاب االولمبية‬the
Olympic Games; ‫( ألعاب رياضية‬riyāḍīya)
athletics, sports; ‫( ألعاب سحرية‬siḥrīya)
legerdemain, sleight of hand, magic; ‫العاب‬
‫ القوى‬a. as-quwā athletics, specif., track
and
field; ‫( العاب نارية‬nārīya) fireworks; ‫ساحة‬
‫ األلعاب‬athletic field; ‫ مدرس األتعاب‬mudarris
al-a. athletic coach, athletics instructor
‫ لعب‬la‘ib funny, amusing, merry, gay
‫ لعبة‬la‘ba (n. un.) game; trick
‫ لعبة‬lu‘ba pl. ‫ لعب‬lu‘ab plaything, toy;
doll; butt for mirth or derision, sport,
laughingstock
‫ لعبة‬lu‘ba, ‫ لعاب‬la‘‘āb and ‫ لعيب‬li‘‘īb
very playful
‫ لعاب‬lu‘āb saliva, spittle; slaver, drivel
│ ‫ لعاب الشمس‬l. aš-šams gossamer, air
threads; ‫ سال لعابه على‬his mouth watered for
…
‫ لعابي‬lu‘ābī salivary; mucous, slimy
‫ لعيبة‬lu‘aiba pl. -āt (little) doll
‫ لعوب‬la‘ūb flighty, coquettish,
flirtatious (woman); playful, dallying,
trifling
‫ العوبة‬ul‘ūba pl. ‫ االعيب‬alā‘īb2 plaything,
toy; play, sport, dalliance; fun; prank;
trick
‫ ملعب‬mal‘ab pl. ‫ مالعب‬malā‘ib2
playground; athletic field, stadium;
playhouse, theater; scene; circus ring; pl.
 ‫ مالعب‬malā‘ib matches, contests, events
(in sports)
‫ ملعبة‬mal‘aba plaything, toy
‫ تالعب‬talā‘ub game (e.g., of a
speculator, of a gambler), gamble; free
play │ ‫( مجال التالعب‬majāl) free play, free
scope, elbow-room; latitude, margin;
clearance
‫ العب‬lā‘ib playing; player; sportsman;
athlete; gymnast │ ‫ العب الجنباز‬l. al-jumbāz
gymnast, athlete
‫ ملعوب‬mal‘ūb pl. ‫ مالعيب‬malā‘īb2
covered with spittle; slobbering, driveling,
drooling; prank, trick, ruse, artifice
‫ مالعب‬mulā‘ib fellow player; playmate,
playfellow; fraudulent
‫ لعثم‬II tala‘tama to hesitate; to falter, stutter,
stammer
‫ لعثمة‬la‘tama and ‫ لعثم‬tala‘tum
hesitation; stuttering, stutter
‫ لعا لك‬la‘an laka call to one who has stumbled:
‫ متلعثم‬mutala‘tim and ‫ متلعثم اللسان‬m. al-
lisān stammering, stuttering
‫ لغوب‬lugūb, lagub exhaustion, lassitude,
‫ لعج‬la‘aja a (la‘j) to hurt, be sore, burn III to
oppress, distress, agonize (‫ ه‬s.o.)
‫ لعجة‬la‘ja pain
‫ العج‬lā‘ij pl. ‫ لواعج‬lawā‘ij2 ardent,
burning (esp., love); pl. ‫ لواعج‬ardent love,
ardor (of love)
‫ العس‬al‘as2, f. ‫ لعساء‬la‘sā’2 red-lipped
‫ لعق‬la‘iqa a (la‘q, ‫ لعقة‬la‘qa, lu‘qa) to lick (‫ھـ‬
s.th.)
‫ لعقة‬la‘qa spoonful
‫ لعوق‬la‘ūq electuary
‫ ملعقة‬mil‘aqa pl. ‫ مالعق‬malā‘iq2 spoon │
‫ ملعقة شاي‬teaspoon
1
‫ لعل‬la‘l garnet (min.)
2
‫ لعل‬la‘alla see 2‫عل‬
‫ لعلع‬la‘la‘a to resound, reverberate,
clang, roar, boom II tala‘la‘a to shimmer,
glimmer, gleam, flicker; to be starved;
869 to be parched with thirst; to be
2
‫ لعلع‬la‘la‘ pl. ‫ لعالع‬la‘āli‘ vibration of
fata morgana
2
‫ لعن‬la‘ana a (la‘n) to curse, damn, execrate (‫ه‬
s.o.), utter imprecations (‫ ه‬against s.o.) III
to utter the oath of condemnation (‫لعان‬
li‘ān, q.v.) VI to curse each other
‫ لعن‬la‘n cursing, execration,
malediction
‫ لعنة‬la‘na pl. la‘anāt, ‫ لعان‬li‘ān curse;
execration, imprecation │ ‫لعنة ﷲ عليه‬
God’s curse upon him!
‫ لعنة‬lu‘na damned, cursed, confounded;
execrable, abominable
‫ لعان‬li‘ān oath of condemnation; sworn
allegation of adultery committed by either
husband or wife (Isl. Law)
‫ لعين‬la‘īn and ‫ ملعون‬mal‘ūn pl. ‫مالعين‬
malā‘īn2 cursed; confounded; damned;
outcast, execrable; detested, abhorred,
abominable; ‫ اللعين‬the Evil One, the Devil
‫ متالعن‬mutalā‘in cursing each other,
hostile, inimical
may you rise again!
fatigue, weariness; great pains, trouble,
toil
‫ الغب‬lāgib pl. ‫ لغب‬luggab languid,
fatigued, weary, tired
‫ لغد‬lugd pl. ‫ الغاد‬algād, ‫ لغود‬lugūd and
‫ لغدود‬lugdūd pl. ‫ لغاديد‬lagādīd2 flesh at the
throat and under the chin
‫ لغز‬lagaza u (lagz) to speak in riddles; to
equivocate III and IV do.
‫ لغز‬lugz pl. ‫ الغاز‬algāz riddle, puzzle;
enigma; conundrum; mystery, secret │ O
‫ لغز الكلمات المتقاطعة‬l. al-kalimāt al-
mutaqāṭi‘a crossword puzzle
‫ ملغز‬mulgaz puzzling, enigmatic,
cryptic, mysterious; dark, obscure,
ambiguous, equivocal
‫ لغط‬lagaṭa a (lagṭ, ‫ لغاط‬ligāṭ) to be clamorous
and noisy; to raise a din; to shout, clamor
II and IV do.
‫ لغط‬lagṭ, lagaṭ, pl. ‫ الغاط‬algāṭ noise, din;
clamor, shouting; lamentation (‫ عن‬over or
for s.th.) i uproar, turmoil, tumult
‫ لغم‬lagama to mine, plant with mines (‫ ھـ‬s.th.)
 ‫ لغم‬lugm, lagam pl. ‫ الغام‬algām mine
‫ لغم‬lagm and ‫ الغام‬ilgām mining (e.g., of
a harbor, of a road, etc.)
2 ‫ لف‬laffa u (laff) to wrap up, roll up, fold up (‫ھـ‬
‫لغم‬IV to amalgamate, alloy with mercury
‫ لغام‬lugām foam, froth
‫ الغام‬ilgām amalgamation
‫ لغمط‬lagmaṭa (eg.) to smear, sully, soil
‫ )لغا )لغو‬lagā u (lagw) to speak; to be null; -- ‫لغا‬
lagā u (lagw) and ‫ لغي‬lagiya a (‫ لغا‬lagan,
‫ الغية‬lāgiya, ‫ ملغاة‬malgāh) to talk nonsense;
to make mistakes (in speaking) sV to
render ineffectual (‫ ھـ‬s.th.); to declare null
and void or invalid, invalidate, nullify,
annul, abolish, abrogate, eliminate (‫ھـ‬
s.th.), do away (‫ ھـ‬with s.th.); to cancel (‫ھـ‬
a project); to withdraw (‫ ھـ‬permission, a
motion)
‫ لغو‬lagw foolish talk; nonsense; null,
nugatory, ineffectual; mistake, blunder,
ungrammatical language
‫ لغة‬luga pl. -āt language; dialect; idiom;
vernacular; lingo, jargon; word;
expression, term; ‫ اللغة‬classical Arabic │
‫( لغة اجنبية‬ajnabīya) foreign language; ‫لغة‬
‫‘( عامية‬āmmīya) popular language; ‫لغة الكناية‬
literary language; ‫ لغة المحادثة‬l. al-
muḥādata colloquial language; ‫ لغة المھنة‬l.
al-mihna professional jargon, slang; ‫لغة‬
‫ المولد‬l. al-maulid mother 870 tongue; ‫اھل‬
‫ اللغة‬ahl al-l. philologists, lexicographers;
‫‘ علم اللغة‬ilm al-l. lexicography, philology,
linguistic science, linguistics
‫ لغوة‬lagwa dialect, idiom, vernacular
‫ لغوي‬lugawī linguistic; philologic(al);
lexicographic(al); philologist,
lexicographer, linguist; ‫ لغويات‬linguistic
matters, philologica
‫ إلغاء‬ilgā’ abolishment, abolition,
abrogation, repeal, elimination,
cancellation, revocation, rescission;
annulment, nullification, quashing;
countermand
‫ الغ‬lāgin abrogated, repealed, annulled,
canceled, invalid, ineffective, null and
void
‫ الغية‬lāgiya grammatical mistake,
incorrect usage
‫ ملغى‬mulgan abrogated, repealed,
annulled, canceled, invalid, void;
abolished; expired; suppressed; negligible
s.th.); to wind, coil, spool, reel (‫ ھـ‬s.th.); to
wind (‫ على ھـ‬s.th. on; ‫ على ھـ‬s.th. around),
twist, wrap, fold (‫ على ھـ‬s.th. around); to
envelop (‫ ب‬or ‫ في ھـ‬s.th. in or with), cover,
swathe, swaddle (‫ ھـ‬s.th. ‫ ب‬or ‫ في‬in or
with), wrap, infold (‫ ب‬or ‫ في ھـ‬s.th. in); to
connect (‫ ب ھـ‬s.th. with), join, attach (٠ ‫ب‬
s.th. to); to grow densely, be overgrown,
form a tangled mass; to make a round of
calls (‫ على‬on), visit (‫ على‬people); (eg.) to
go around s.th. (‫)ھـ‬, go about s.th. (‫ )ھـ‬in a
roundabout way, make a detour, beat
about the bush │ ‫( لف لفه‬laffahū) to do just
like s.o., be of the same kind as s.o.,
belong to the same sort as s.o. II to wrap
up or infold tightly V to wrap o.s. up (‫في‬
in), cover o.s. (‫ في‬with) VIII do.; to wind,
twist, coil; to turn, make a turn
(automobile, etc.); to intertwine, grow in a
tangled mass; to gather, assemble, rally (
‫ حول‬around); to clasp, enclose, encircle,
embrace (‫ ب‬s.th.)
‫ لف‬laff winding, coiling; wrapping,
enfolding; rolling, folding; (eg.)
circumambience, circumvention, detour,
roundabout way, subterfuge, dodge,
excuses; pl. ‫ الفاف‬alfāf swaddling clothes,
diapers │ ‫( اللف والدوران‬dawarān) detours
and evasions; ‫( لف ونشر‬našr) folding and
unfolding; involution and evolution
(rhet.); ‫ من غير لف‬without much ado,
without ceremony
‫ لف‬liff pl. ‫ الفاف‬alfāf densely growing
trees; pl. thicket, scrub, undergrowth,
brushwood
‫ لفة‬laffa pl. -āt turn, rotation, revolution;
coil, twist, convolution, whorl, spire;
winding; roll, scroll; pack, packet,
package, bundle, bale; turban │ ‫لفة بريدية‬
(barīdīya) postal package; ‫لفات من الرق‬
(raqq) parchment scrolls
‫ لفافة‬lifāfa pl. -āt, ‫ لفائف‬lafā’if wrapping,
covering, cover, envelope; wrapper, wrap;
altar cloth, cloth covering the paten and
chalice (Copt.-Chr.); bandage; swaddling
band; puttee; cigarette (also ‫لفافة من التبغ‬
min at-tibg); pl. ‫( لفائف‬fig.) guise (of s.th.)
 ‫ لفيف‬lafīf gathered, assembled;
crowded, thronging; multitude, crowd,
swarm, body, cluster, group (‫ من‬of
people); mixed company │ ‫ لفيف الناس‬mob,
rabble, riffraff; ‫( اللفيف األجنبي‬ajnabī) the
Foreign Legion
‫ لفيفة‬lafīfa bundle; package, pocket,
pack; cigarette
‫ الف‬alaff2 f. ‫ لفاء‬laffā’2 stout, plump
(figure, body)
‫ ملف‬milaff pl. -āt reel, spool; coil (el.);
winding; wrapping, covering, casing;
blanket, sleeping blanket; cover, wrapper,
jacket (of a book, etc.); (letter) envelope;
folder, portfolio; letter file; 871 dossier │
O ‫ ملف التأثير‬induction coil (el.); O ‫ملف‬
‫( ابتدائي‬ibtidā’ī) primary coil (el.); O ‫ملف‬
‫ خانق‬choking coil, choke (el.)
‫ ملفاف‬milfāf wrapping, covering, cover
‫ تلفيف‬talfīf pl. ‫ تالفيف‬talāfīf2 winding;
coil, twist, convolution, whorl, spire; pl.
‫ تالفيف‬expletive after ‫في‬, e.g., ‫في تالفيف‬
‫( سويدائھا‬suwaidā’ihā) in the depth of her
heart; ‫( في تالفيف الظالم‬ẓalām) in the dark;
‫ بين تالفيفه‬in it, inside it, around in it
‫ التفاف‬iltifāf turn; bypassing,
outflanking, sank movement,
envelopment, surrounding
‫ ملفوف‬malfūf wound, coiled; wrapped
up (‫ في‬in); rolled up, rolled together,
convolute; twisted, wound (‫ على‬around);
fastened, attached (‫ على‬to); swathed (‫ ب‬in
or with); plump, stout (body); (syr.)
cabbage
‫ ملتف‬multaff winding, twisting, coiling;
wound, coiled; rolled up, rolled together,
convolute; spirally wound; intertwined,
interwoven, entwined; gathered,
assembled, grouped (‫ حول‬around);
clasping, enclosing, embracing, encircling
(‫ ب‬s.th.)
‫ لفت‬lafata i (laft) and IV to turn, bend,
tilt, incline, direct (‫ الى ھـ‬s.th. to or
toward), focus (‫ الى ھـ‬s.th. on); to turn
sway, avert (‫ عن ھـ‬s.th. from) │ ‫لفت نظره الى‬
(naẓarahū), ‫ الفت نظره الى‬to turn one’s eyes
or one’s attention to; to direct s.o.’s eyes
to, call s.o.’s attention to; ‫ لفت النظر‬to catch
the eye, attract attention; to be impressive,
stately, imposing; ‫ الفت النظر‬do.; ‫ لفت الناس‬to
attract, interest, or captivate people V to
turn, turn around, turn one’s face (‫ الى‬to);
to look around, glance around; to peer
around │ ‫( تلفت حوله‬ḥaulahū) to look
around, glance around; ‫تلفت يمنة ويسرة‬
(yamnatan wa-yasratan) he looked to the
right and left VIII to turn, turn around,
turn one’s face (‫ الى‬to); to wheel around,
turn around; to address o.s. (‫ الى‬to); to pay
attention, attend (‫ الى‬to), heed, observe,
bear in mind, consider, take into account,
take into consideration (‫ الى‬s.th.); to take
care (‫ الى‬of), care (‫ الى‬for) │ ‫التفت حوله‬
(ḥaulahū) to look around, glance about X
to attract (‫ ھـ‬the eye, attention); to claim,
arouse, awaken (‫ ھـ‬the interest, the
attention, ‫ من‬of s.o.) │ ‫( استلفت نظره‬or
‫ )انظاره‬to arouse or attract s.o.’s attention,
catch s.o.’s eye
‫ لفت‬lift turnip (Brassica rapa L.; bot.)
‫ لفتة‬lafta (n. un.) turnabout, about-face;
(pl. lalatāt) turn, turning; gesture;
sideglance, glance, a furtive, casual, or
quick, look
‫ لفات‬lafāt and ‫ لفوت‬lafūt ill-tempered,
surly, sullen
‫ الفت‬alfat2, f. ‫ لفتاء‬laftā’2, pl. ‫ لفت‬luft left-
handed
‫ التفات‬iltifāt turn, inclination, turning (‫الى‬
to, toward); attention, notice, heed; regard,
consideration; care, solicitude; sudden
transition (styl.) │ ‫ بدون االلتفات‬bi-dūn l-ilt.
inattentive(ly); ‫بدون االلتفات الى‬
inconsiderate of, without consideration
for; ‫‘ عدم االلتفات‬adam al-ilt. inattention;
‫( نظر اليه بعين االلتفات‬bi-‘ain l-ilt.) to give
s.th. sympathetic consideration
‫ استلفاتة‬istilfāta (n. vic.) a turning (‫ الى‬to,
toward); turn of the face or eyes; side-
glance, glance
‫ استلفات‬istilfāt stimulation of attention
‫ الفتة‬lāfita sign (bearing an inscription)
‫ ملفت‬mulfit: ‫( ملفت للنظر‬naẓar) attracting
attention, striking, conspicuous
‫ ملتفت‬multafit turning around, looking (
‫ الى‬at); regardful; attentive; heedful,
careful; considerate
‫ لفح‬lafaḥa a (lafḥ, ‫ لفحان‬lafaḥān) to burn,
scorch, sear (‫ ه‬،‫ ھـ‬s.o., s.th.); -- (lafḥ) to
872 strike lightly; to touch, brush (‫ ھـ‬s.th.,
e.g., of the breath)
‫ لفحة‬lafḥa pl. lafaḥāt fire, heat (esp., of
fever)
‫ لفوح‬lafūḥ and ‫ الفح‬lāfiḥ pl. ‫ لوافح‬lawāfiḥ2
burning, scorching, searing
‫ لفاح‬luffāḥ mandrake (Mandragora
officinarum; bot.)
‫ لفظ‬lafaẓa i (lafz) to emit (‫ ھـ‬،‫ ب‬s.th.); to spit
out (‫ ھـ‬،‫ ب‬s.th.); to eject (‫ ھـ‬،‫ ب‬s.th.); to
throw (‫ ه‬s.o.) out (‫ من‬of); to speak,
enunciate, articulate; to pronounce, utter,
express, voice, say (‫ ه‬،‫ ب‬s.th.) │ ‫لفظ النفس‬
‫( األخير‬nafas) to breathe one’s last, die,
expire; to be in the throes of death; ‫لفظ‬
‫( انفاسه‬anfāsahū) to be in the throes of
death, breathe one’s last; ‫لفظه لفظ النواة‬
(lafẓa n-nawāh) to spit s.th. out like a date
pit, brush s.th. aside, reject s.th., dismiss
s.th. V to pronounce, enunciate, articulate
(‫ ب‬s.th.)
‫ لفظ‬lafẓ pl. ‫ الفاظ‬alfāẓ sound-group,
phonetic complex; expression, term; ‫ لقب‬II to call, surname (‫ ب ه‬s.o. by an agnomen
word; wording; formulation; articulation,
enunciation, pronunciation; ‫ لفظا‬verbatim,
literally │ ‫( لفظا ومعنى‬ma‘nan) in letter and
spirit; ‫( أخطأ اللفظ‬akṭa’a) to mispronounce
‫ لفظي‬lafẓī of or pertaining to words,
verbal; literal; pronounced; oral
‫ لفظة‬lafẓa pl. lafaẓāt word; utterance,
saying
‫ لفيظ‬lafīẓ ejected, emitted; pronounced,
uttered ‫ لقح‬laqaḥa a (laqḥ) and II to impregnate,
‫ تلفظ‬talaffuẓ pronunciation, enunciation,
articulation
‫ ملفوظ‬malfūẓ ejected, emitted;
pronounced, uttered
‫ لفع‬lafa‘a a (laf‘): ‫ لفع الشيب رأسه‬l. š-šaibu
ra’sahū grey hair covered his bead II to
cover (‫ ھـ‬s.th., ‫ ب‬with) │ ‫ لفع الشيب رأسه‬l. š-
šaibu ra’sahū = I; V and VIII to wrap o.s.
up (‫ ب‬in)
‫ ملفع‬milfa‘ head shawl, muffler
‫ لفق‬II to invent, fabricate (‫ ھـ‬s.th.); to concoct,
contrive, devise, think out (‫ ھـ‬s.th.); to
falsify (‫ ھـ‬s.th.); to trump up (‫ ھـ‬s.th.); to
patch up, piece together (‫ الى‬a s.th. with)
‫ تلفيق‬talfīq invention, fabrication,
concoction, fibbing; falsification
‫ تلفيقة‬talfīqa pl. -āt invented story, fib,
yarn
‫ ملفق‬mulaffaq invented, fabricated,
trumped up, fake, fictitious; concocted,
contrived, devised; patched up, pieced
together; embellished with lies
‫ لفلف‬laflafa to wrap up, envelop, cover (a s.th.)
II talaflafa to wrap o.s. up (‫ ب‬،‫ في‬in)
‫ لفو‬IV to find (‫ ه‬،‫ ھـ‬s.o., s.th.) VI to put right, to
right, repair, correct (‫ ھـ‬s.th.); to make
good (‫ ھـ‬a deficiency), eliminate, remove (
‫ ھـ‬a danger); to remedy (‫ ھـ‬s.th.); to redress
(‫ ھـ‬a loss, and the like), make up (‫ ھـ‬for a
loss)
‫ مالفاة‬mulāfāh correction, adjustment,
elimination (of a deficiency)
‫ تالف‬talāfin repair, correction;
elimination, removal (of a deficiency, of a
danger); remedy; redress, reparation
or title) V to be surnamed (‫ ب‬by an
agnomen or title)
‫ لقب‬laqab pl. ‫ القاب‬alqāb agnomen;
nickname; title, honorific; last name,
surname, family name (as opposed to ‫اسم‬
given name, first name) │ ‫ لقب البطولة‬title
of champion (in sports)
‫ ملقب‬mulaqqab surnamed, nicknamed,
called (‫ ب‬by the laqab ...) 873
fecundate, pollinate (‫ ھـ‬s.th.); to graft, bud
(‫ ھـ‬a tree); to inoculate, vaccinate (‫ ه‬s.o.)
VI to cross-pollinate
‫ لقح‬laqḥ impregnation, fecundation,
pollination
‫ لقاح‬laqāḥ seed, semen, sperm; pollen;
infective agent, virus; vaccine │ ‫لقاح الجدري‬
l. al-judarī variolovaccine; O ‫لقاح الوقاية‬
serum
‫ تلقيح‬talqīḥ impregnation, fecundation,
pollination, grafting, budding; inoculation,
vaccination │ ‫ تلقيح الجدرى‬t. al-judarī
vaccination (against smallpox)
 ‫ دقيق اللواقح‬daqīq al-lawāqiḥ2 pollen
‫ ملقح‬mulaqqaḥ inoculated, vaccinated
‫ لقس‬laqis: ‫ لقس النفس‬l. an-nafs annoyed,
cross
‫ لقط‬laqaṭa u (laqṭ) to gather, collect,
pick up from the ground, glean (‫ ھـ‬s.th.) II
= I V to gather, glean (‫ ھـ‬s.th.); to pick up
(‫ ھـ‬s.th., also, e.g., with the ear) VIII = I;
to receive (‫ ھـ‬radio waves, a radio
message; to take (‫ ھـ‬a picture; phot.) │
‫( التقط صورة‬ṣūra) to make a picture
‫ لقط‬laqaṭ that which ill picked up or
gathered, leftovers, gleanings
‫ لقطة‬luqṭa that which ill picked up or
gleaned, gleanings; article or thing found;
(lucky) find; (eg.) bargain, pickup
‫ لقاط‬luqāṭ and ‫ لقاطة‬luqāṭa that which is
picked up or gleaned; leftover ears of
grain, gleanings; offal, refuse
‫ لقيط‬laqīṭ pl. ‫ لقطاء‬luqatā’2 picked up,
found; foundling
‫ لقيطة‬laqīṭa (female) foundling
‫ ملقط‬milqaṭ pl. ‫ مالقط‬malāqiṭ2 (pair of)
tongs, pincers; (pair of) tweezers, pincette;
(pair of) pliers │ ‫ ملقط الجنين‬forceps; ‫ملقط‬
‫ النار‬fire tongs
‫ التقاط‬iltiqāt gathering, collection,
gleaning; taking up, picking up; reception
(radio) │ ‫ جھاز االلتقاط‬jahāẓ al-ilt. receiver
(radio)
‫ القط‬lāqiṭ receiving (radio set); gleaner;
gatherer │ O ‫ القط الصوت‬l. aṣ-ṣaut pickup
(of a phonograph); phonograph; O ‫القطة‬
‫ األلغام‬mine sweeper
‫ ملتقط‬multaqiṭ finder
‫ لقع‬laqa‘a a (laq‘) to throwaway, discard (‫ھـ‬
s.th.)
‫ لقف‬laqifa a (laqf, ‫ لقفان‬laqatan) to seize
quickly, grab, snatch (‫ ھـ‬s.th.); to catch (‫ھـ‬
s.th.); to snatch up, take over (‫ عن ھـ‬s.th.
from s.o.) V and VIII do.; to seize (‫ ھـ‬on),
rob, usurp (‫ ھـ‬s.th.)
‫ لقلق‬laqlaqa to clatter (stork); to babble,
chatter, prattle
‫ لقلق‬laqlaq and ‫ لقالق‬laqlāq pl. ‫لقالق‬
laqāliq2 stork
‫ لقلقة‬laqlaqa clatter (of a stork); babble,
chatter, prattle; (eg.) gossip
1
‫ لقم‬laqama u (laqm) to clog up, obstruct, block
(‫ ھـ‬s.th.); -- laqima a (/aqrn) to eat,
devour. gobble, swallow up (‫ ھـ‬s.th.) II to
feed bit by bit (‫ ه‬s.o.); to load (‫ ھـ‬a
weapon; syr.) │ ‫( لقم القھوة‬qahwa) to stir
ground coffee into hot water IV to make (‫ه‬
s.o.) swallow; to feed bit by bit (‫ ه‬s.o.)
VIII to devour, swallow up (‫ ھـ‬s.th.) ‫لقمة‬
luqma pl. ‫ لقم‬luqam bite; bit, mouthful;
little piece, morsel │ ‫ لقمة سائغة‬titbit,
choice morsel: ‫( جعله لقمة سائغة ل‬ja‘alahū)
to make s.o. an easy prey of ...; ‫لقمة القاضي‬
pastry of fine flour, fried in oil like
doughnuts and sprinkled with sugar or
honey
‫ لقيمة‬luqaima pl. -āt snack, bit, morsel
‫ ملقم‬mulaqqim pl. -ūn (syr.; mil.)
assistant gunner, loader, cannoneer no. 1
2
‫ لقمي‬laqmī or ‫( القمي‬magr.) palm wine 874
3
‫ لقمان‬luqmān2 Lokman, a legendary sage and
author of numerous fables │ ‫بقيت دار لقمان‬
‫( على حالھا‬baqiyat) everything has
remained as before
‫ لقن‬laqina a (‫ لقانة‬laqāna, ‫ لقانية‬laqāniya) to
understand, grasp (‫ ھـ‬s.th.); to gather,
infer, note (‫ ھـ‬s.th.) II to teach (‫ ھـ ه‬s.o.
s.th.), instruct (‫ ھـ ه‬s.o. in); to dictate (‫ھـ ه‬
to s.o. s.th.); to instill, infuse, inculcate,
inspire (‫ ھـ ه‬in s.o. s.th.), insinuate, suggest
(‫ ھـ ه‬to s.o. s.th.); to whisper (‫ ھـ ه‬to s.o.
s.th.), prompt (‫ ه‬s.o.) V = I; to learn,
receive, get (‫ من ھـ‬s.th. from), be informed
(‫ من ھـ‬of s.th. by)
‫ لقانة‬laqāna and ‫ لقانية‬laqāniya quick
understanding, grasp
‫ تلقين‬talqīn instruction, direction;
dictation; dictate; inspiration, insinuation,
suggestion; suborning of a witness (Isl.
Law)
‫ ملقن‬mulaqqin prompter; inspirer; a
faqīh who instructs the deceased at his
grave what to tell the two angels of death
‫ لقوة‬laqwa facial paralysis
‫ لقي‬laqiya a (‫ لقاء‬liqā’, ‫ لقيان‬luqyān, ‫لقي‬
luqy, ‫ لقية‬luqya, ‫ لقى‬luqan) to encounter (،‫ھـ‬
‫ ه‬s.o., s.th.), meet (‫ ه‬،‫ ھـ‬with s.o., with
s.th.); to meet (‫ ه‬s.o.); to come across s.o.
or s.th. (‫ ه‬،‫)ھـ‬, light upon s.o. or s.th. (‫ ه‬،‫;)ھـ‬
to find (‫ ه‬،‫ ھـ‬s.o., s.th.); to experience,
undergo, suffer, endure (III s.th.), meet
with s.th. (‫ ;)ھـ‬to fall to s.o.’s (‫ )ه‬lot or
share III to meet, come to meet (‫ ه‬s.o.); to
encounter (‫ ه‬s.o.), have an encounter (‫ه‬
with); to come across s.o. or s.th. (‫ ه‬،‫)ھـ‬,
light upon s.o. or s.th. (‫ ه‬،‫ ;)ھـ‬to
experience, undergo, suffer, endure (‫ھـ‬
s.th.). meet (‫ ھـ‬with s.th.); to receive, get,
obtain, achieve (‫ ھـ‬s.th.) │ ‫القى آذانا صاغية‬
(ṣāgiyatan) to find willing ears IV to
throw, cast, fling (‫ ھـ‬s.th.); to throw off,
throw down. drop (‫ ھـ‬s.th.); to throw
away, discard (‫ ھـ‬s.th.); to put or lay (‫ھـ‬
s.th.) before s.o. (‫)على‬, submit (‫ على ھـ‬s.th.
to s.o.), pose (‫ على ھـ‬a question to s.o.); to
report (‫ على‬or ‫ الى ھـ‬on s.th. to s.o.), set
forth (‫ على‬or ‫ الى ھـ‬s.th. to s.o.); to recite,
play, sing (‫ ھـ‬a song, a musical
composition); to present (‫ ھـ‬s.th., e.g., a
broadcast); to give (‫ ھـ‬a lecture), hold (‫ ھـ‬a
class), make, deliver (‫ ھـ‬a speech); to
extend (‫ ھـ‬a greeting, ‫ الى‬to s.o.); to
impose, lay (‫ على ھـ‬s.th. on s.o.), burden (‫ھـ‬
‫ على‬with s.th. s.o.) │ ‫ القى باال ل‬،‫القى باله الى‬
to pay attention to; ‫( القى بيانا عن‬bayānan)
to make a statement about or on; ‫القى البيض‬
(baiḍ) to lay eggs; ‫( القى بزمامه الى‬bi-
ẓimāmihī) or ‫( القى مقاليد امره الى فالن‬m.
amrihī) to lay one’s rate in s.o.’s hands,
entrust one’s fate to s.o.; ‫القى بنفسه‬
(binafsihī) to throw o.s. into, plunge into;
‫( القى بنفسه في احضانه‬aḥḍānihī) to throw o.s.
into s.o.’s arms; ‫( القى بيده‬bi-yadihī) to
surrender to s.o., give o.s. up to s.o.; ‫القى‬
‫( الحبل على الغارب‬ḥabl) to give froe rein,
give a free hand, impose no restraint; ‫القى‬
‫ خطابا على‬to make a public address to; ‫القى‬
‫( الدرس‬dars) to recite the lesson; ‫القى الرعب‬
‫( في قلبه‬ru‘b, qalbih`i) to strike terror to
s.o.’s heart, frighten, alarm s.o.; ‫القى السالح‬
to lay down one’s arms, capitulate,
surrender; ‫( القى المع اليه‬sam‘) to lend one’s
ear to s.o., listen to s.o.; ‫القوا اليه اسماعھم‬
(asmā‘ahum) they lent him their ears, they
listened to him; ‫( القى عليه سؤاال‬suālan) to
put a question to s.o., ask s.o. a question;
‫ القى على عاتقه شيئا‬to impose s.th. on s.o.,
hold s.o. responsible for; ‫ القى علوما‬to teach
sciences; ‫( القى القبض على‬qabḍ) to arrest
s.o.; ‫ القى القنابل على‬to drop bombs on s.th.,
bomb s.th.; ‫( القى عليه القول‬qaul) to dictate to
s.o.; to direct, instruct s.o., give s.o.
instructions; ‫( القى عليھا كلمة الطالق‬kalimata
ṭ-ṭalāq) he pronounced the formula of
divorce against her; ‫القى محاضرة‬
(muhāḍara) to give a lecture, hold a class;
٨٧٥ ‫( القى المسؤولية عليه‬mas’ūlīya) to place
the responsibility on s.o., saddle s.o. with
the responsibility V receive (‫ ه‬,‫ ھـ‬s.o.,
s.th.); to take, accept (‫ ھـ‬s.th.); to get,
obtain (‫ ھـ‬s.th.); to learn (‫ عن ھـ‬of s.th.
from), be informed (‫ عن ھـ‬of s.th. by); to
learn (‫ على‬or ‫ عن ھـ‬s.th. from s.o.), take
lessons (‫ عن‬from s.o.), be taught, be
instructed, be coached (‫ عن‬by s.o.) │ ‫تلقى‬
‫( امرا‬amran) to receive an order, have
orders (soldier); ‫ تلقى األوامر‬to take orders
(com., and the like); ‫تلقاه بالتسليم والقبول‬
(qabūl) to agree wholeheartedly to s.th.,
submit willingly to s.th.; ‫ تلقى دروسا في‬to
take lessons in (some field, ort, science,
eto.); ‫ تلقى العلوم في الجامعة‬to study at the
university VI to meet, join each other,
come together, get together VIII do.; to
encounter, meet (‫ ب‬s.o.) X to throw o.s.
down; to lie down, lie
‫ لقى‬laqan pl. ‫ القاء‬alqā’ offal, discard
‫ لقية‬luqya encounter, meeting; luqya,
laqīya s.th. found, a find
‫ لقيا‬luqyā encounter, meeting
‫ لقاية‬liqāya encounter, meeting; s.th.
found, a find
‫ القية‬ulqiya riddle, conundrum
‫ تلقاء‬tilqā’a (prep.) opposite; in front of
│ ‫ من تلقاء نفسه‬min tilqā’i nafsihī or ‫من تلقاء‬
‫ ذاته‬by o.s., of one’s own accord,
spontaneously, automatically
‫ تلقائي‬tilqā’ī automatic; spontaneous;
‫ تلقائيا‬spontaneously, automatically
‫ ملقى‬malqan pl. ‫ مالق‬malāqin meeting
place, rendezvous; junction, crossing,
intersection; road or street intersection,
crossroads
‫ لقاء‬liqā’ encounter; meeting; get
together; reunion; liqā’a (prep.) in
exchange for, in return for, for, on │ ‫الى‬
‫( كفالة‬kafāla) on bail; ‫ الى اللقاء‬good by! so
long! au revoir!
‫ مالقاة‬mulāqāh encounter, meeting, get-
together, reunion; reception
 ‫ القاء‬ilqā’ throwing, casting, throw, cast,
fling; delivery, diction; dictation;
recitation, recital │ ‫‘ علم اإللقاء‬ilm al-i.
elocution
‫ تلق‬talaqqin receipt, reception,
acceptance; acquisition (also of a skill, of
knowledge, eto.); learning (of an art, skill,
eto.); pursuit (of studies) │ ‫تلقى العلوم في‬
studies at (e.g., at a university)
‫ تالق‬talāqin meeting, encounter
‫ التقاء‬iltiqā’ meeting, reunion (‫ مع‬with)
‫ ملق‬mulqin: ‫ ملقيات األلغام البحرية‬mulqiyāt
al-a. al-baḥrīya mine layers
‫ ملى‬mulqan thrown, cast, discarded
‫ ملتقى‬multaqan pl. ‫ ملتقيات‬multaqayāt
meeting place, rendezvous; gathering
point, collecting center; intersection,
junction, confluence, crossroads │ ‫الى‬
‫ الملتقى‬good-by! so long! au revoir!
1 ‫ لكانة‬lakāna: ‫( لكانة في الكالم‬kalām) speech
‫ لك‬lakka u (lakk) to hit with the fist, to cuff,
buffet, pommel (‫ ه‬s.o.) VIII to be pressed
together, thickly set, crammed, jammed,
crowded; to crowd together, gather in a
mass; to make mistakes or blunders, speak
ungrammatically
2
‫ لك‬lakk pl. ‫ الكاك‬alkāk, ‫ لكوك‬lukūk lac, one
hundred thousand (specif., 100,000
rupees)
3
‫ لك‬lukk, lakk resin; lao; sealing wax
‫ لكأ‬laka’a a (‫ لكء‬lak’) to strike, hit; -- ‫ لكئ‬laki’a
a (‫ لكأ‬laka’) to abide, remain, stay (‫ ب‬at a
place) V to be tardy, dilatory, slow, to
dawdle, tarry, hesitate (‫ في‬in s.th.); to
loiter, loaf, hang about │ ‫تلكأ في األداء‬
(adā’) to be in default, fail to meet one’s
financial obligations
‫ لكأة‬luka’a hesitant, tardy, dilatory,
sluggish, slow; behindhand, in arrears,
defaulting 876
‫ لكز‬lakaza u (lakz) to strike with the fist; to
kick (‫ ه‬s.o.), to thrust (‫ ه‬s.o.)
‫ لكز‬lakiz miserly, stingy
‫ لكاز‬likāz pin, nail; peg
‫ لكيع‬lakī‘ pl. ‫ لكعاء‬luka‘ā’ moan, base,
ignominious, disgraceful, wicked,
depraved; silly, foolish
‫ لكاعة‬lakā‘a meanness, baseness,
disgracefulness, wickedness, depravity
‫ لكم‬lakama u (lakm) to strike with the fist, box,
punch III to engage in a fiat fight, box (‫ه‬
with s.o.)
‫ لكمة‬lakma pl. lakamāt blow with the
fist, punch
‫ ملكمة‬milkama boxing glove
‫ مالكمة‬mulākama fist fight, boxing
matoh
‫ مالكم‬mulākim boxer, pugilist, prize
fighter
1
‫ لكن‬lakina a (lakan, ‫ لكن‬lukna, ‫ لكونة‬lukūna,
‫ لكنونة‬luknūna) to speak incorrectly,
barbarously; to stammer
‫ لكنة‬lukna stutter, stammer; incorrect
usage, ungrammatical language; incorrect
pronunciation
defect, faltering way of speaking
‫ الكن‬alkan2, f. ‫ لكناء‬laknā’2, pl. ‫ لكن‬lukn
speaking incorrectly; stammering,
stuttering
2
‫لكن‬lakan pl. ‫ الكان‬alkān basin, copper basin
3
‫ لكن‬lākin, lakinna see ‫الكن‬
‫ لكي‬li-kai, ‫ لكيما‬li-kai-mā see ‫ ل‬li
2
‫ لم‬lam (particle, with foll. apoc.) not │ ‫لم يكتب‬
lam yaktub he did not write; ‫ الم‬a-lam
not ... though? ‫( الم اقل لكم‬aqul) haven’t I
told you, though? ‫ اال‬-- ‫ لم‬lam -- illā only,
nothing but, just, not till, not before
2
‫ لم‬lima = ‫ لما‬li-mā, see ‫ ل‬li
3
‫ لم‬lamma u (lamm) to gather, collect,
assemble (‫ ھـ‬s.th.); to reunite (‫ ھـ‬s.th.); to
arrange, settle, put in order (‫ ھـ‬s.th.); to
repair (‫ ھـ‬s.th.), pass. lumma to suffer from
or be stricken by a slight mental
derangement │ ‫( لم شعثه‬ša‘atahū) to put
s.th. in order again, straighten s.th. out,
put s.th. right; to recover, pick up; to help
s.o. get back on his feet, ‫لم شمل القطيع‬
(šamla l-q.) to round up the herd IV to
befall, overcome (fatigue, fear, weakness,
adversities, etc.; s.o.); to pay (‫ ب‬s.o.) a
short visit, call ( on s.o.), stop, stay (‫ ب‬at
s.o.’s house); to have sexual intercourse (
‫ ب‬with s.o.); to broach (‫ ب‬a topic), .peak (
 ‫ ب‬about). discuss (‫ ب‬s.th.), to give a
survey (‫ ب‬of), outline, state briefly (‫ب‬
s.th.), to touch briefly (‫ ب‬on a subject), to
be acquainted or familiar (.... with s.th.),
to get to know (‫ ب‬s.th.), to familiarize o.s.,
acquaint o.s. (‫ ب‬with s.th.), to commit,
perpetrate (‫ ب‬a crime), to take, consume (
‫ ب‬food, drink) VIII to gather, assemble,
rally; to unite; to visit (s.o.), call (‫ ه‬on)
‫ لمة‬lamma pl. ‫ لمام‬limām collection;
gathering, assembly; visit, call;
misfortune, calamity, slight mental
derangement, touch of insanity
‫ لمة‬limma pl. ‫ لمم‬limam curl, ringlet,
lock
‫ لمة‬lumma traveling party; group, troop,
body (of people)
‫ لمم‬lamam slight mental derangement
‫ لماما‬limāman occasionally, from time
to time, rarely, seldom
‫ لمام‬lammām wild thyme (bot.)
‫ المام‬ilmām knowledge, cognizance (‫ب‬
of s.th.); acquaintance, familiarity,
conversance (‫ ب‬with); (pl. -āt) survey,
outline, summary, resume
‫ المة‬lāmma evil eye 877
‫ ملموم‬malmūm collected, gathered,
assembled; concentrated at one point;
slightly insane
‫ ملم‬mulimm completely familiar,
conversant (‫ ب‬with); expert, connoisseur
│ ‫ ملم بالقراءة والكتابة‬literate
‫ ملمة‬mulimma pl. -āt misfortune,
calamity, disaster
1
‫ لما‬li-mā see ‫ ل‬li
2
‫ لما‬lammd (conj.) when, as, after; since,
whereas; (particle; with foll. apoc.) not,
not yet
‫( لمباجو‬Engl.) lambāgō lumbago
‫ لمبة‬lamba pl. -āt lamp; tube (radio)
‫ لمج‬V to take a snack
‫ لمجة‬lumja appetizer, hors d’oeuvre,
relish, snack
‫ لمح‬lamaḥa a (lamḥ) to glance (‫ الى‬or ‫ ه‬at s.o.);
to see, sight, behold, notice (‫ ه‬s.o., ‫ ھـ‬s.th.);
to become aware (‫ ان‬that); -- (lamḥ, ‫لمحان‬
lamaḥān, ‫ تلماح‬talmāḥ) to flash, sparkle,
glisten, shimmer II to insinuate, intimate,
give to understand (‫ الى‬s.th.), hint (‫ الى‬at),
allude, refer (‫ الى‬to) III to cast a casual or
furtive glance (‫ ه‬at s.o.) IV to glance
casually or furtively (‫ الى‬or ‫ ه‬at s.o.)
‫ لمح‬lamḥ quick look, glance; moment,
instant │ ‫ لمح البصر‬l. al-baṣar glance of the
eye; ،‫ دون لمح البصر‬،‫ كلمح البصر‬،‫في لمح البصر‬
‫( في اقل من لمح البصر‬aqalla) like lightning,
in a trice, instantly, in no time
‫ لمحة‬lamḥa pl. lamaḥāt quick, casual
look, glance; wink; glow of light, light,
brightness, flash (of lightning) │ ‫فيه لمحة‬
‫( من ابيه‬abīhi) he looks like his father
‫ لماح‬lammāḥ shimmering, gleaming,
shining
‫ مالمح‬malāmiḥ2 features, lineaments;
traits; outward appearance, looks │ ‫فيه‬
‫( مالمح من ابيه‬abīhi) he looks like his father;
‫( مالمح وظالل‬ẓilāl) lights and shades (in
painting)
‫ تلميح‬talmīḥ pl. ‫ تالميح‬talāmīḥ2 allusion,
intimation, insinuation, hint, reference;
‫ تلميحا‬by way of suggestion, indirectly
‫ لمز‬lamaza u i (lamz) to give (‫ ه‬s.o.) a wink; to
speak ill (‫ ه‬of s.o.), carp (‫ ه‬at s.o.), find
fault (‫ ه‬with s.o.), criticize, blame,
censure, backbite, slander, defame (‫ ه‬s.o.)
‫ لمزة‬lumaza and ‫ لماز‬lammāz fault-
finder, captious critic, caviler, carper
1
‫ لمس‬lamasa u i (lams) to touch, handle, feel
with the hand, finger (‫ ھـ‬s.th.), pass one’s
hand (‫ ھـ‬over s.th.); to seek (‫ ھـ‬s.th.), look,
search, ask (‫ ھـ‬for); to perceive, notice (‫ھـ‬
s.th., ‫ الى‬that), become aware (‫ ھـ‬of s.th., ‫ان‬
that) │ ‫( ال يلمس‬yulmasu) intangible,
impalpable; ‫ لمس الحقائق‬to take thing, as
they are, face the facts III to be in touch or
contact (‫ ه‬،‫ ھـ‬with s.o., with s.th.); to
touch, feel, finger, palpate (‫ ه‬،‫ ھـ‬s.o., s.th.);
to have sexual intercourse (‫ ھا‬with a
woman) V to feel out, finger, palpate (‫ھـ‬
s.th.); to fumble, grope about; to grope,
fumble (‫ ھـ‬for s.th.); to look, search (‫ھـ‬
for); to ask (‫ ھـ‬for) VI to touch each other,
be in mutual contact VIII to request (‫ھـ من‬
s.th. from s.o., ‫ ل‬for s.o.), ask (‫ من ھـ‬for
s.th. s.o.), solicit (‫ ل ه‬s.th. for); to beg (‫ھـ‬
 for), request urgently (‫ ھـ‬s.th.); to seek (‫ھـ‬
s.th.), look, search (‫ ھـ‬،‫ ه‬for s.th., for s.o.)
‫ لمس‬lams feeling, groping; touching,
touch │ ‫ حاسة اللمس‬ḥāssat al-l. sense of
touch
‫ لمسى‬lamsī tactual, tactile, of or
pertaining to the sense of touch
‫ لمسية‬lamsīya (tun.) date which has not
attained full ripeness
‫ لمسة‬lamsa (n. vic.) touch; (pl. -āt)
retouch 878
‫ لميس‬lamīs soft to the touch
‫ ملمس‬malmas pl. ‫ مالمس‬malāmis2 place
of touch, spot touched, point of contact; O
feeler, tentacle (of insects); touch; contact
│ ‫ ناعم الملمس‬soft to the touch
‫ ملمسي‬malmasī tactual, tactile
‫ مالمسة‬mulāmasa touching, touch,
contact; feeling, fingering, palpation;
sexual intercourse
‫ تلمس‬talammus search, quest
‫ التماس‬iltimās request, solicitation;
application, petition
‫ ملموس‬malmūs touched, felt; palpable,
tangible; ‫ ملموسات‬things perceptible to the
touch, tangible things
‫ ملتمس‬multamas pl. -āt request, petition,
application
2
‫ الماس‬look up alphabetically
‫ لمص‬lamaṣ u (lamṣ) to rail (‫ ه‬at s.o.); to make
faces (‫ ه‬at s.o.)
‫ لمظ‬lamaẓa u (lamẓ) to lick one’s lips; to
smack one’s lips V do. │ ‫( تلمظ بذكره‬bi-
dikrihī) to speak ill of s.o., backbite s.o.
‫ لمع‬lama‘a (lam‘, ‫ لمعان‬lama‘ān) to gleam,
glitter, twinkle, flash, sparkle, glisten,
shimmer, shine │ ‫( لمع بسيفه‬bi-saifihī) to
brandish the sword; ‫( لمع بيده‬bi-yadihī) to
wave one’s hand; ‫لمع في رأسه خاطر‬
(kāṭirun) a thought flashed through his
mind II to cause (‫ ھـ‬s.th.) to shine, gleam,
or twinkle; to shine (‫ ھـ‬s.th.), give
brightness (‫ ھـ‬to s.th.); to polish (‫ ھـ‬s.th.);
to burnish (‫ ھـ‬s.th.) IV to wave (one’s
hand); to point out, give to understand,
intimate, insinuate (‫ الى‬s.th.), hint (‫ الى‬at),
allude (‫ الى‬to) VIII to flash, radiate, glow,
shine; to sparkle, glitter, gleam
‫ لمع‬lam‘ and ‫ لمعان‬lama‘ān luster, sheen,
shine; shimmer, gleam, glow, brightness,
light
‫ لمعة‬lum‘a pl. ‫ لمع‬luma‘, ‫ لماع‬limā‘
shimmer, gleam, glow, flash, sparkle,
glitter, brilliancy, radiance, beam; gloss,
luster, burnish, polish; some, a little
‫ لماع‬lammā‘ bright, brilliant, lustrous,
sparkling, flashing, glistening, shining,
radiant; O glossy, glazed, burnished,
polished, satined, calendered (tech.) │ ‫جلد‬
‫( لماع‬jild) patent leather
‫ المع‬alma‘2 and ‫ المعي‬alma‘ī sagacious,
smart, shrewd, clever, bright, intelligent;
-- ‫ المع‬alma‘ more lustrous, shinier
‫ المعية‬alma‘īya sagacity, smartness,
shrewdness, cleverness, brightness,
intelligence
‫ تلميع‬talmī‘ polishing, polish
‫ الماعة‬ilmā‘a allusion, hint
‫ المع‬lāmi‘ pl. ‫ لوامع‬lawāmi‘2 brilliant,
lustrous, shining, gleaming, shimmering
‫ المعة‬lāmi‘a fontanel (anat.); (pl. ‫لوامع‬
lawāmi‘2) gloss, shine
‫ متلمع‬mutalammi‘ radiant, brilliant,
shining, lustrous
‫ لملم‬lamlama to gather, gather up (‫ ھـ‬s.th.)
‫ ململمة‬mulamlama trunk, proboscis (of
the elephant)
‫ لن‬lan (conj.; with foll. subj.) not (referring to
the future)
‫( جديد لنج‬eg.) gad`id lang brand-new
‫ لندرة‬landra London
‫ لندن‬landan London
‫( لنش‬Engl.) lanš pl. -āt launch, small steamer,
motorboat
‫ لنينغراد‬leningrād Leningrad
‫ لھب‬lahiba a (lahb, lahab, ‫ لھاب‬luhāb,
‫ لھيب‬lahīb, ‫ لھبان‬lahabān) to flame, burn,
blaze II and IV to kindle, light, set on fire,
ignite, inflame (‫ ھـ‬s.th.); to excite, stir 879
up, provoke (‫ ھـ‬s.th.) V to flame; to be
aflame, be ablaze, burn (also fig.: cheek,
 anger, thirst, etc.) VIII = V; to catch fire,
flare up; to be inflamed (also med.)
‫ لھب‬lahab, lahīb and ‫ لھاب‬luhāb flame,
blaze, flare
‫ لھبان‬lahbān, f. ‫ لھبى‬lahbā, pl. ‫ لھاب‬lihāb
parched with thirst
‫ الھاب‬ilhāb kindling, lighting, ignition,
inflammation
‫ التھاب‬iltihāb burning; inflammation
(also med.); in compounds corresponding
to Engl. “-it is” │ ‫ التھاب الشعب‬ilt. aš-šu‘ab
bronchitis
‫ التھابي‬iltihābī inflammatory;
inflammable
‫ ملتھب‬multahib burning, flaming,
blazing, aflame, ablaze; inflamed; heated,
excited, glowing, aglow │ ‫( قطن ملتھب‬quṭn)
guncotton
‫ الھوت‬look up alphabetically
‫ لھث‬lahata a (laht, ‫ لھاث‬luhāt) to loll
one’s tongue with thirst or fatigue; to pant,
gasp, be out of breath; to breathe heavily
‫ لھاث‬luhāt panting, pant, gasp │ ‫لھاث‬
‫ الموت‬l. al-maut death rattle, agony of
death
‫ لھثان‬lahtān f. ‫ لھثى‬lahtā panting,
gasping, out of breath; thirsty
‫ لھج‬lahija a (lahaj) to be devoted, dedicated (‫ب‬
to s.th.), be attached (‫ ب‬to s.o., to s.th.), be
very fond (‫ ب‬of), be in love (‫ ب‬with); to
be bent. be intent, be keen (‫ ب‬on), be
eager (‫ ب‬for), be mad (‫ ب‬about, after); to
do (‫ ب‬s.th.) constantly or fervently│ ‫لھج‬
‫( بالثناء عليه‬tanā’) to extol s.o. fervently; ‫لھج‬
‫( بذكره‬bidikrihī) to speak constantly of s.o.,
mention s.o.’s name continually with
praise; ‫( لھج بشكره‬bi-šukrihī) to launch
forth into profuse thanks or praises; ‫لھج‬
‫( بالضراعة‬ḍarā‘a) to resort to humble pleas
IV causative: ‫( الھج لسانه بالشكر‬lisānahū,
šukr) to elicit profuse thanks from s.o. XI
‫ الھاج‬ilhājja to curdle, coagulate (milk)
‫ لھجة‬lahja tip of the tongue; tongue;
manner of speaking; tone; dialect,
vernacular; language │ ‫ بلھجة العاتب‬in a
reproachful tone, reproachingly; ‫شديد اللھجة‬
in violent language, sharply worded
‫ لھج‬luhja appetizer, hors d’oeuvre
‫ لھد‬lahada a (lahd) to overburden, over-exert (‫ه‬
s.o.)
‫ لھذم‬lahdam sharp, pointed
‫ لھط‬lahaṭa a (lahṯ) to slap
‫ لھف‬lahafa a (lahaf) to sigh (‫ على‬for s.th. lost);
to regret, deplore, lament (‫ على‬s.th.); to
grieve (‫ على‬for), fret, worry (‫ على‬shout) V
do.; to be eager, yearn (‫ على‬for, also ‫)ل‬,
pant (‫ على‬after, also ‫)ل‬
‫ لھف‬lahf regret, grief, sorrow │ ‫يا لھف‬
yā lahfa and ‫ يا لھفا‬yā lahfā oh, what a pity!
too bad! alas! ‫( يا لھف‬with foll. genit. of
pers.) oh, how unfortunate he is! ‫يا لھفي‬
‫( عليك‬lahfī) oh, how sorry I feel for you!
‫ لھفة‬lahfa sigh, lament; anxiety,
apprehension, concern, worry, sorrow,
grief; yearning, longing, hankering, desire,
impatience
‫ لھفان‬lahfān2 f. ‫ لھفى‬lahfā, pl. ‫لھافى‬
lahāfā, ‫ لھف‬luhuf sighing; regretful; sad,
sorry, worried, sorrowful, grieved;
longing, yearning
‫ لھيف‬lahīf pl. ‫ لھاف‬lihāf regretful, sorry,
sad, worried, sorrowful, grieved
‫ الھف‬lāhif worried, troubled, sorrowful,
grieved, full of regret
‫ ملھوف‬malhūf worried, troubled,
depressed; apprehensive, concerned,
anxious; 880 covetous, eager (‫ الى‬or ‫على‬
for), desirous (‫ الى‬or ‫ على‬of); longing.
yearning
‫ متلھف‬mutalahhif yearning, longing,
hankering; anxious, eager, impatient
‫ لھق‬lahiqa a to be snow-white
‫ لھلق‬lahlaqa to loll one’s tongue with thirst
‫ لھم‬lahima a (lahm, laham), V and VIII to
devour, gobble, swallow up (‫ ه‬s.th.); to
consume, destroy (‫ ه‬s.th.; fire) IV to make
(‫ ه‬s.o,) swallow (‫ ه‬s.th.); to inspire (‫ ه ھـ‬s.o,
with) X to ask (‫ ه‬s.o.) for inspiration or
advice; to seek to find out (‫ ھـ‬s.th.), try to
get (‫ ھـ‬s.th.); to pray, turn (‫ ه ھـ‬to God for)
‫ لھم‬lahim and ‫ لھوم‬lahūm greedy,
covetous, voracious, gluttonous
‫ الھام‬ilhām pl. -āt inspiration; instinct
‫ ملھم‬mulham inspired
(‫ لھو‬and ‫ لھي( لھا‬lahā u (lahw) to amuse o.s.,
distract o.s., divert o.s., pass or kill time (
‫ ب‬with s.th,); to play, toy, dally, trifle; to
fritter away, trifle away, prattle away (‫بوقته‬
bi-waqtihī one’s time); to enjoy o.s., have
fun, have a good time; to delight, take
pleasure (‫ الى‬or ‫ ب‬in); to enjoy, savor,
relish (‫ ب‬s.th.); -- (‫ لھي‬luhiy, ‫ لھيان‬lihyān)
to turn one’s attention (‫ عن‬from); to try to
forget, forget, give up, renounce (‫ عن‬s.th.),
become oblivious (‫ عن‬of); -- ‫ لھي‬lahiya a (
‫ لھا‬lahan) to like, love (‫ ب‬s.th.), be very
fond (‫ ب‬of), be in love, be infatuated (‫ب‬
with), be mad (‫ ب‬about, after); to turn
one’s attention (‫ عن‬from), become
oblivious (‫ عن‬of), forget, give up,
renounce (‫ عن‬s.th,); to pay no attention (
‫ عن‬to), be heedless (‫ عن‬of) II to delight,
amuse, divert, distract (‫ ب ه‬s.o. with),
divert s.o.’s (‫ )ه‬attention (‫ عن‬from), make (
‫ عن‬s.o.) oblivious (‫ عن‬of); to keep, divert (
‫ عن‬s.o. from), take s.o.’s (‫ )ه‬mind away (
‫ عن‬from) III to approach, be near (‫ ه‬s.o.)
IV = II; V and VI to amuse o.s., pass the
time (‫ ب‬with s.th,), take pleasure, delight (
‫ ب‬in); to seek distraction (‫ ب عن‬in s.th.
from) VIII do.: to play, toy, trifle (‫ ب‬with
s.th.)
‫ )الث )لوث‬lāta u (laut) and II to stain, tarnish,
‫ لھو‬lahw amusement, entertainment,
diversion, distraction, passtime, pleasure,
sport, fun, play │ ‫ دور اللھو‬dūr al-l. and
‫ اماكن اللھو‬places of entertainment.
amusement centers
‫ لھاة‬lahāh pl. ‫ لھوات‬lahawāt, ‫لھيات‬
lahayāt, ‫ لھي‬luhiya, lihīy, ‫ لھا‬lahan, ‫لھاء‬
lahā’ uvula
‫ لھوى‬lahawī velar (adj.) ‫الحرفان اللھويتان‬
al-ḥarfān al-lahawīyatān the velars q and
k
‫ ملھاة‬malhāh object of delight; comedy
│ ‫‘( ملھاة عامية‬āmmīya) popular farce
‫ ملھى‬malhan pl. ‫ ماله‬malāhin place of
entertainment, amusement center;
amusement, entertainment, fun, diversion,
distraction │ ‫ ضريبة المالھي‬admissions tax,
entertainment tax
‫ ملھى‬milhan pl. ‫ ماله‬malāhin plaything
toy; pl. musical instruments, also ‫آالت‬
‫المالھي‬
‫ تلھية‬talhiya distraction, diversion,
amusement
‫ اله‬lāhin (with ‫ )عن‬heedless, inattentive,
inadvertent, oblivious, forgetful
‫ مله‬mulhin amusing, entertaining,
diverting, pleasant
‫ لو‬lau (conj.) if (as a rule, introducing
hypothetical conditional clauuses) │ ‫لو ان‬
lau anna (introducing nominal clauses) if;
‫ لوال‬laulā if not; ‫ لوالنا‬if it weren’t (hadn’t
been) for us; ‫ فيما لو‬fī-mā lau in case that;
‫ ولو‬wa-lau although, though; even if;
(optative particle) if only ...! would
that ...! I wish ...! ‫ لو يعلم‬I wish he knew! if
he only knew! 881
‫ لوبيا‬lūbiyā bean (bot.) │ ‫(لوبيا بلدي‬baladī) (eg.)
cowpea (Vigna Binenais Endl.; bot.); ‫لوبيا‬
‫( عافن‬eg.) hyacinth bean, lablab (Dolichos
lablab L.; bot.)
‫ لوبيا‬lūbyā Libya
‫ لوبي‬lūbī Libyan
1
‫( )الت )لوت‬lāta: ‫ الت حين مناص‬l. hīnu manāṣin
it’s too late to escape
2
‫ لوت‬lūt (eg.) maigre (Sciaena aquila)
soil, sully (‫ ھـ‬s.th.); -- lawita a (lawat) to
be dilatory, tardy, slow; to hesitate, tarry,
linger V to be or get stained, blotted,
tarnished, soiled, sullied (‫ ب‬with) VIII to
be dilatory, tardy, slow; to be obscure,
confused, complicated (‫ على‬for s.o.)
‫ لوثة‬lauta stain, blot, spot
‫ لوثة‬lūta languor, lassitude, fatigue,
faintness; passion, weakness (‫ في‬for, also
with foll. genit.: for) │‫ فيه )به( لوثة‬he is a
little crazy, he has a bee in his bonnet
‫ ملوث‬mulawat stained, blotted,
tarnished, soiled, sullied, unclean; stricken
with cholera, pestilence, etc.
‫ ملتاث‬multāt mentally confused
‫( لوج‬Fr. loge) lōj pl. -āt, ‫ الواج‬alwāj (theater)
box, loge; (masonic, etc.) lodge
‫ )الح )لوح‬lāḥa u (lauḥ) to appear, show, loom,
emerge, come in sight; to become visible (
‫ ل‬to s.o.); to break, begin to show (dawn);
to shine, gleam, glint, flash, shimmer,
glimmer, sparkle; to seem, appear; to
wither, singe, parch, scorch; to tan (‫ ه‬s.o.;
sun) │‫ يلوح لي ان‬it seems to me that ...; ‫على‬
‫ ما يلوح‬as it seems, apparently II to make a
sign, beckon, wave (‫ ب ل‬or ‫ الى‬to s.o.
with); to signal; to allude (‫ ب‬to), hint (‫ب‬
at), intimate, insinuate (‫ ب ل‬to s.o. s.th.),
give (‫ ب ل‬s.o. s.th.) to understand; to
flourish, brandish, swing, wave (‫ ب‬s.th.);
to turn grey (‫ ھـ‬the head; of old age); to
burn, tan (‫ ه‬s.o.; sun); to plank, lay with
planks (‫ ھـ‬the floor) │‫( لوح بيديه‬biyadaihi)
to wave with the hands IV to appear,
show, come in sight; to shimmer,
glimmer, glint, flash, sparkle; to wave,
brandish, flourish, swing (‫ ھـ‬s.th.)
‫ لوح‬lauḥ pl. ‫ الواح‬alwāḥ, alwāḥ board,
blackboard; slate; tablet; slab; plate, sheet;
pane; plank, board; panel; small board,
signboard; shoulder blade, scapula │‫لوح‬
‫( اردواز‬arduwāz) slab of slate, slate; O ‫لوح‬
‫( مجعد‬muja‘‘ad) corrugated iron; ‫لوح الجليد‬
block of ice; ‫ لوح حديد‬sheet iron; ‫لوح زجاج‬
zujāj sheet of glass, pane; O ‫لوح متحرك‬
(mutaḥarrik) spring-board (in sports); ‫لوح‬
‫( معدني‬ma‘dinī) metal plate, metal sheet;
‫ لوح النافذة‬windowpane
‫ لوحة‬lauḥa pl. -āt, ‫ الواح‬alwāḥ board;
blackboard; slate; tablet; slab; plate, sheet;
pane; panel; plaque; plane, surface;
screen; placard, poster; picture, painting │
‫ لوحة االسم‬l. al-ism doorplate, name plate;
‫ لوحة التوزيع‬switchboard (el., tel.); ‫لوحة الداما‬
checkerboard; ‫( لوحة زيتية‬zaitīya) oil
painting; ‫( لوحة سوداء‬saudā’) blackboard;
bulletin board; ‫ لوحة الشطرنج‬l. aš-šaṭranj
chessboard; ‫ لوحة الكتابة‬slate; writing tablet;
blackboard
‫ لواح‬lawwāḥ withering, singeing,
parching, scorching
‫ لوح‬talwīḥ pl. -āt beckoning, waving,
flourishing, brandishing; sign, signal,
wink, wave; allusion; hint, intimation,
insinuation; metonymy; pl. hints,
references; remarks, annotations, marginal
notes
2
‫ الئحة‬lā’iḥa pl. -āt ‫ لوائح‬lawā’iḥ
program, project; bill, motion (esp., in
parliament); order, decree, edict;
ordinance; regulation, rule; pl. ‫لوائح‬
outward appearance, looks, outward
sign│882 ‫ الئحة القانون‬،‫ الئحة قانونية‬bill, draft
law; ‫ الئحة السفر‬l. as-safar timetable, train
schedule, railroad guide; ‫ الئحة الطعام‬l. aṯ-
ṯa‘ām (syr.) menu, bill of fare
‫ ملوحة‬mulawwiḥa signal, semaphore
(railroad)
‫ ملتاح‬multāḥ sun-tanned, sunburned
(‫ )لوذ‬lāda u (laud, ‫ لواذ‬liwād, lawād, luwād, ‫لياذ‬
liyād) to take refuge, seek shelter (‫ ب‬with
s.o., in s.th.), have recourse, resort (‫ ب‬to);
to keep close (‫ ب‬to), observe religiously (
‫ ب‬s.th.)
‫ مالذ‬malād refuge, protection; shelter;
asylum, sanctuary; protector
‫ الئذ‬lā’id one seeking shelter or protection,
refugee
‫ لوذع‬and ‫ لوذعي‬see ‫لذع‬
‫ لور‬lūr lyre
‫( لورد‬Engl.) lord pl. -āt lord
‫( لورى‬Engl.) lorry, truck
‫ لوز‬II to stuff with almonds (‫ ھـ‬s.th.); (eg.) to
form bolls (cotton)
‫ لوز‬lauz almond(s) (coll.), (eg.) patch
(on a shoe) │ ‫ لوز القطن‬l. al-quṭn cotton
bolls; ‫ دودة اللوز‬dūdat al-l. boll weevil
‫ لوزة‬lauza pl. -āt almond; ‫ اللوزتان‬the
tonsils (anat.) │ ‫ التھاب اللوزتين‬ilt. al-
lauzatain tonsillitis
‫ لوزى‬lauzī almond-shaped, almond
(adj.)
‫ )الس )لوس‬lāsa u (laus) to taste
‫ )الت )لوص‬lāṣa u (lauṣ) to peep, peer, pry
(through a chink in the door, or the like)
III do. (‫ ه‬for s.o.); to stare, gaze (‫ ھـ‬or ‫ الى‬at
s.th.), to look firmly, unflinchingly (‫ ھـ‬or
‫ الى‬at s.th.); to dupe, cheat, deceive (‫ ه‬s.o.)
‫ مالوص‬mulāwiṣ sly, cunning, wily
‫ )الط )لوط‬lāṯa u (lauṯ) to stick, cling, adhere
( to); to coat with clay, to plaster ( a wall)
‫ لوط‬lūṯ Lot (Biblical name)
‫ لوط‬lūṭī sodomite, pederast
‫ لواط‬liwāṭ and ‫ لواطة‬liwāṭa sodomy,
pederasty
‫ )الع )لوع‬lā‘a u (lau‘) to he or heoome restive,
impatient; to become ill j to seize
 vehemently, overwhelm, torment, make
sick (‫ ه‬s.o.; love); to tan (‫ ه‬s.o.; sun) II to
torture, torment, agonize VIII to be
burning, inflamed, languishing (with love,
longing); to feel burning anxiety (‫ على‬for
s.o.)
‫ لوعة‬lau‘a ardor of love, amorous
rapture, lovesickness; pain, grief, anguish,
anxiety, torment, torture, agony
‫ التياع‬iltiyā‘ burning, enrapturedness,
burning anxiety. anguish; agony, pain,
suffering
‫ مالوع‬mulāwi‘ cunning, artful, wily,
crafty, sly
‫ لوغاريتمات‬lūgāritmāt logarithms
1 reprehensible
‫ )الف )لوف‬lāfa u (lauf) to eat, chew (‫ ھـ‬s.th.)
2 ‫ لومان‬lūmān penitentiary, penal servitude
‫ لوف‬lūf luffa, dishcloth gourd (Luffa
cylindrical Roem; bot.)
‫ ملوق‬milwaq pl. ‫ مالوق‬malāwiq2 spatula
1 ‫ لون‬II to variegate, dapple, make colorful (‫ھـ‬
‫ )الك )لوك‬lāka u (lauk) to chew (‫ ھـ‬s.th.); to
talk constantly about s.th. (‫)ھـ‬, to bring
into discredit (‫ سمعته‬sum‘atahū s.o.’s
reputation) │‫( الك الكالم‬kalām) to be
inhibited in one’s speech, stammer,
express o.s. imperfectly, ‫السؤال الذي تلوكه‬
‫( األلسنة‬alsina) the question which is on
everyone’s lips; ‫( ما تلوكه األلسن‬alsun) what
people say, what is generally rumored 883
2 (with foll. genit.) all kinds of │ ‫الوان األطعمة‬
‫ الئكي‬and ‫ الئكية‬look up alphabetically
‫( لوكانده‬It. locanda) and ‫ لوكنده‬lōkanda pl. -āt
inn; hotel
‫ لولب‬laulab pl. ‫ لوالب‬lawālib2 screw; spiral;
spiral spring, coil spring, extension spring;
spring; axle; (fig.) mainspring, pivot point
‫ لولبي‬laulabī screw-shaped; spiral,
helical │ O ‫( لولبيات زھرية‬zuharīya)
spiroohetes, syphilogenous bacteria; ‫درج‬
‫( لولبي‬daraj) spiral staircase
1
‫ )الم )لمس‬lāma u (laum, ‫ مالم‬malām, ‫مالمة‬
malāma) to blame, censure, rebuke, chide,
scold, reproach (‫ في‬or ‫ على ه‬s.o. for) II to
censure sharply, reprove, reprimand (‫ه‬
s.o.) IV = I; V to blame o.s. ; to tarry,
linger, take one'. time (‫ في‬or ‫ على‬in or with
s.th.), procrastinate, temporize, hedge VI
to blame each other VIII to be censured,
he blamed X to deserve blame, be
blameworthy, reprehensible
‫ لوم‬laum and ‫ لومة‬lauma censure,
rebuke, reproof, blame, reproach
‫ لومة‬luwama and ‫ لوام‬lawwām severe
censurer, stem critic; censorious
‫ مالم‬malām and ‫ مالمة‬malāma pl. ‫مالوم‬
malāwim2 censure, rebuke, reproof, blame,
reproach
‫ تلويم‬talwīm censure, rebuke, reproof
‫ الئم‬lā’im pl. ‫ لوم‬luwwam, ‫ لوام‬lawwām,
‫ ليم‬luyyam censurer, critic, accuser
‫ الئمة‬lā’ima pl. ‫ لوائم‬lawā’im2 censure,
rebuke, reproof, blame, reproach
‫ ملوم‬malūm, ‫ مليم‬malīm and ‫ مالم‬mulām
censured, blamed; blameworthy,
‫ لومانجي‬lūmānjī convict, inmate of a
penitentiary
s.th.); to color, tint, tinge, paint, daub (‫ھـ‬
s.th.); to make up, rouge (‫ ھـ‬the face, etc.)
V to be colored or tinted; to color, change
color, become discolored; to he colorful,
variegated; to be fickle
‫ لون‬laun pl. ‫ الوان‬alwān color; coloring,
tint, tinge, hue, shade; complexion; kind,
sort, specimen, species; dish, course; pl.
a. al-aṭ‘ima all kinds of food; ‫مختلف األلوان‬
muktalif al-a. variegated, multicolored,
motley, varied, various; ‫ جلى الوانه‬jallā
alwānahu to bring out the different
aspects of s.th., point up s.th., make s.th.
stand out
‫ لوني‬launī colorful, colored, color- (in
compounds), chromatic
‫ تلوين‬talwīn coloring
‫ ملون‬mulawwan colored, tinted,
colorful, many-colored, variegated,
kaleidoscopic
‫ متلون‬mutalawwin colored, tinted;
many-colored, multicolored; iridescent,
opalescent, scintillating; changeable,
inconstant, unsteady; whimsical,
capricious, fickle
‫( لونجي‬eg.) lawingī and ‫ الونجي‬lāwingī
attendant, bath attendant
 ‫ لونجية‬lawingīya housekeeper, woman
attendant, servant, housemaid
‫( لوندا‬It. lavanda) lawandā lavender │ ‫ماء اللوندا‬
lavender water
‫ لوى‬lawā i (‫ لي‬layy, ‫ لوي‬lawīy) to turn (‫ ھـ‬s.th.);
to crook, curve (‫ ھـ‬s.th.); to bend, flex,
bend up, down, back or over (‫ ھـ‬s.th.); to
twist, contort, wrench, warp (‫ ھـ‬s.th.); to
distort, pervert (‫ ھـ‬s.th.); to turn (‫ ھـ‬the
head), turn away, avert (‫ ھـ‬the face); to
turn around, turn (‫ على‬to s.o., to s.th.), face
(‫ على‬s.o., s.th.); to 884 think back (‫ على‬on),
recall (‫ على‬s.th.); to care, bother (‫على‬
about), pay attention or heed (‫ على‬to) │
‫( لوى فيه اللسان‬lisān) to speak ill of s.o.,
backbite s.o.; ‫ ال يلوي على شيء‬not to care
about anything, be utterly reckless; -- (‫لي‬
layy, ‫ ليان‬layyān) to conceal, keep secret (
‫ عن ھـ‬s.th. from s.o.); -- lawiya a (‫لوى‬
lawan) to be crooked, curved, bent; to
writhe, twist; to wind, coil II to bend,
bow, incline, tilt, twist, wrench, contort,
turn, crook, curve (‫ ھـ‬s.th.); to pervert,
distort, complicate (‫ ھـ‬s.th.) IV to turn,
twist, bend, crook, curve (‫ ب‬or ‫ ھـ‬s.th.); to
avert (‫ عن ھـ‬s.th. from); to wave (‫ بيده‬bi-
yadihī one’s hand); to hoist (‫ ھـ‬a flag); to
take away, put away, remove (‫ ب‬s.th.) │
‫ الوى عنان الشيء‬to avert, prevent, restrain
s.th. (‫ عن‬from), check, curb s.th. V to be
twisted, winding, tortuous, sinuous, bent,
crooked; to be turned, be twisted; to turn,
twist, wind, meander, coil; to writhe,
wriggle, squirm; to display shrewdness
and cunning VIII to be curved, crooked,
bent; to be turned, be twisted; to twist,
warp, get contorted, get bent out of shape;
to turn off, turn away; to turn one’s back
(or on s.th.); to be or become difficult,
involved, intricate, complicated (‫ على‬for
s.o.)
‫ لي‬layy bending, twist(ing), turn(ing) │
‫( لي الشيشة‬eg.) the flexible tube of the
narghile; ‫( ال يعرف الحي من اللي‬ya‘rifu l-
ḥayya) he doesn’t know enough to come
in out of the rain, he wouldn't know a
snake from a garden hose
‫ لية‬Iayya pl. ‫ لوى‬liwan bend, fold,
flexure, twist, tortuosity, sinuosity, turn,
curve
‫ لوى‬lawan pl. ‫ الواء‬alwā’ gripes, colic;
agony, pain, hardship │ ‫قاسى األلواء والألواء‬
(la’wā’) to die a thousand deaths
‫ لوى‬liwan pl. ‫ الواء‬alwā’, ‫ الوية‬alwiya
curvature
‫ لواء‬liwā’ pl. ‫ الوية‬alwiya, ‫ الويات‬alwiyāt
banner, flag, standard; brigade (mil.;
U.A.R., Leb., Ir.); major general (mil.;
U.A.R.); rear admiral (Eg.); province,
district (Ir.; the country is subdivided into
14 ‫ لواء │ امير اللواء‬brigadier general (Ir.);
‫( لواء جوي‬jawwī) air-force brigade; ‫عقد لواء‬
‫( شيء‬liwā’a š.) to found, start, originate,
produce, cause, arouse, provoke s.th.;
‫ البارحة المعقود لواؤھا لألميرال‬... (liwā’uhā) the
admiral’s flagship ...; ‫)عقد له لواء المجد )النصر‬
‘uqida lahū l. ul-majd (un-naṣr) approx.:
he was awarded the laurel of fame (of
victory)
‫ لواء‬lawwā’ wryneck (zool.)
‫ ملوى‬milwan pl. ‫ مالو‬malāwin spanner,
wrench; O peg (of stringed instruments)
‫ التواء‬iltiwā’ curvedness, curvature;
bend, twist, tortuosity, sinuosity, curve;
crookedness, wryness; perverseness,
absurdity │ ‫ التواء األرض‬ilt. al-arḍ
unevenness of the terrain
‫ التواءة‬iltiwā’a (n. vic.) pl. -āt a bending,
flexing, twist (e.g., of the body in
dancing)
‫ الو‬lāwin pl. ‫ لواة‬luwāh turning, twisting
│ ‫ غير الو على‬reckless of, without regard
for
‫ ملوي‬malwī crooked, curved, bent;
twisted, warped, contorted; winding,
meandering, tortuous, sinuous; perverted,
wrong, absurd
‫ ملتو‬multawin = ‫ملوى‬
‫ ملتوى‬multawan pl. -āt turn (of the
road), curve; curvature
1
‫ لي‬and ‫ لية‬see ‫لوى‬
2
‫ لياء‬liyyā’ mackerel shark, porbeagle (zool.)
‫ ليبريا‬lībaryā Liberia 885
‫ ليبيا‬lībiyā Libya; ‫ ليبي‬lībī Libyan
‫ ليت‬laita and ‫ يا ليت‬yā laita (particle, with foll.
noun in acc. or personal suffix) would
God! if only ...! │ ‫ ليتني مت ألجلك‬laitanī
 muttu li-ajlika would God I had died for
you! ‫ ليته كان ھنا‬I wish he were here! if only
he were here! ‫( يا ليت كان يذھب‬yadhabu) I
wish he had gone! ‫( ليت شعري‬ši‘rī) I wish I
knew ...!
‫ ليترجية‬līturjīya pl. -āt liturgy
‫ ليتوانيا‬lītuwānīya Lithuania
‫ ليتواني‬lītuwānī Lithuanian
‫ ليث‬lait pl. ‫ ليوث‬luyūt lion
‫ لياذ‬see ‫لوذ‬
‫ ليرا‬līrā and ‫ ليرة‬līra pl. -āt pound (as a
monetary unit) │ ‫( ليرة انكليزية‬ingilīzīya)
pound sterling
1
‫ ليس‬laisa (without imperf.) not to be (with ‫ب‬
or acc. s.th. or s.o.); not to exist; (=
intensified ‫ )ال‬not │ ‫( ليس اال‬illā)
terminating a sentence: only, and no more,
and nothing else; ‫( ليس – سوى‬siwā) nothing
but, only, merely; ‫ليس على شيء من الحقيقة‬
there is not a grain of truth in it; ‫ليس – فقط‬
‫ بل‬-- (faqaṭ, bal) not only -- but also; ‫ليس ل‬
not to have, not to possess; ‫ ليس لنا شيء‬we
don’t have anything; ‫ ليس له ان‬he has no
right to ..., he mustn’t ...; ‫ ليس من‬not to
belong to …, have nothing to do with ...;
‫ اليس كذلك‬a-laisa ka-dālik? Isn’t it so?;
(with ‫ ب‬and participle) to be unable to,
‫ لست بفاعل‬lastu bi-fā‘ilin I can’t do it
2
‫ ليس‬layisa a (layas) to be valiant, brave,
courageous
‫ اليس‬alyas2, f. ‫ ليساء‬laisā’2, pl. ‫ ليس‬līs
valiant, brave, courageous
‫( ليسانس‬Fr. licence) līsans the academic degree
of a licentiate
‫ ليف‬II to rub with palm fibers (‫ ھـ‬s.th.) V to
form fibers, become fibrous
‫ ليف‬līf (coll.; n. un. ‫ )ة‬pl. ‫ الياف‬alyāf
fibers, fibrils, bast │ ‫( ليف ھندي‬hindī) coco
fibers, coir; ‫ اليف الكتان‬a. al-kattān flax
fibers
‫ ليفة‬līfa (n. un.) fiber, fibril; tuft of palm
fibers used as a brush │ ‫ ليفة االستحمام‬bath
‫ھـ‬sponge, luffa
‫ ليفي‬līfī and ‫ ليفاني‬līfānī fibered, fibrous
‫ تليف‬talayyuf fibration, fibrillation;
cirrhosis (med.)
(‫ ليق( الق‬lāqa i (laiq) to befit, become (‫ ب‬s.o.),
be proper, seemly (‫ ب‬for s.o.), be suitable
(‫ ب‬to s.o.), be worthy (‫ ب‬of s.o.); to be
suited, appropriate, fit (‫ ب‬for s.th.); to fit
(garment)
‫ ليقة‬līqa pl. ‫ ليق‬liyaq tuft of cotton or
silk threads which is inserted in an
inkwell; putty; clay; mortar
‫ لياقة‬liyāqa propriety, seemliness,
suitableness; decorum, decency;
capability, skill; efficiency, competence;
worthiness, merit, desert; correct
behavior, blameless conduct, good
manners │ ‫( مخل باللياقة‬mukill improper,
unseemly, unbecoming
‫ اليق‬alyaq2 more suitable, more
appropriate, more proper, fitter (‫ ب‬for)
‫ الئق‬lā’iq suitable, appropriate, proper,
befitting, becoming, seemly; suited,
adapted, fit; worthy, deserving
‫ ليل‬lail (usually m.) nighttime, night (as
opposed to ‫ نھار‬daytime); pl. □ ‫ ليالي‬layālī
(syr.) a certain vocal style; ‫ ليال‬lailan at
night │ ‫ ليل نھار‬laila nahāra day and night
‫ ليلة‬laila pl. -āt, ‫ ليال‬layālin, ‫ ليائل‬layā’il2
night (u opposed to ‫ ;)يوم‬evening; soirée;
‫ الليلة‬al-lailata tonight I 886 ‫بين ليلة وضحاھا‬
(wa-ḍuḥāhā) overnight; ‫ ليلة امس‬lailata
amsi last night; yesterday evening; ‫ليلة‬
‫ خيرية‬kairīya) charity soirée, benefit
performance; ‫ ليلة الدخلة‬l. ad-dukla wedding
night; ‫ ليلة راقصة‬soirée dansante, evening
dance; ‫ ليلة زھرةا‬glamorous evening party;
‫( ليلة شادية‬šādiya) soirée of vocal music; ‫ليلة‬
‫( ليالء‬lailā’2) dark night; ‫ في ليلة ليالء‬in the
dark of night, under cover of the night; ‫ليلة‬
‫ القدر‬l. al-qadr or ‫ ليلة القضاء‬l. al-qaḍā’ the
night in which, according to sura 97, the
Koran was revealed, celebrated between
the 26th and 27th of Ramadan; ‫ ليلة المعراج‬l.
al-mi‘rāj the night of the 27th of Rajab in
which the Prophet made his journey
through the seven heavens; ‫ليلة نصف شعبان‬
l. niṣf aš-ša‘bān the night between the 14th
and 16th of Shaban, when, according to
popular belief, the heavenly tree of life is
shaken, shedding the leaves of those who
will die next year; ‫ ليلة النقطة‬l. an-nuqṭa the
night of June 17th (the 11th day of the
Coptic month Ba’ūna) when, according to
popular belief, a miraculous drop falls
 from heaven, thus causing the annual rise
of the Nile
‫ ليلتئذ‬lailata’idin (in) that night; (on) that
evening
‫ ليلي‬lailī nocturnal, nightly; of night,
night- (in compounds); evening (adj.)
‫ ليلى‬lailā a woman’s name │ ‫كل يبكي‬
2
‫ )يغني( على لياله‬kullun yabkī (yugannī) ‘alā
lailāhu everyone sings his own tune, does
as he pleases, follows his own fancy; ‫كل‬
‫( يدعي وصال بلياله‬yadda‘ī waṣlan)
everybody claims to be the chosen one,
every-one brags in his own way
‫ ليالء‬see ‫ليلة‬
‫( ليلك‬Engl.) lailak lilac
‫ ليمان‬līmān pl. -āt harbor, port; penitentiary
‫ ليمون‬laimūn, līmūn (n. un. ‫ )ة‬pl. -āt lemon │
‫ ليمون حامض‬lime; ‫ شراب الليمون‬šarāb al-l.
lemonade
1
‫ )الن )لين‬lāna i (līn, ‫ ليان‬layān) to be or become
‫ ما‬mā 1. (interrogative pronoun) what │ ‫ لما‬li-
soft, tender, gentle, mild, pliable, flexible,
supple; to yield, give way; to soften,
relent, calm down; to become milder,
friendlier │ ‫ ال يلين‬inflexible, unbending;
‫( النت قناته‬qanātuhū) to show o.s.
compliant, yield, relent, give in II and IV
to soften, relax, (‫ ھـ‬s.th.); to placate,
soothe, allay, mitigate, assuage, temper,
moderate (‫ ھـ‬s.th.) ill to be gentle, kind,
friendly (‫ ه‬to s.o.); to treat with kindness
and leniency (‫ ه‬s.o.)
‫ لين‬līn softness; tenderness; tender
treatment; gentleness; flexibility,
pliableness, suppleness; yieldingness,
compliance, tractability; pliancy,
smoothness, diarrhea │ ‫ لين العظام‬softening
of the bones, osteomalicia (med.); ‫لين القيادة‬
tractability, docility; ‫ حروف اللين‬the “soft”
letters ‫ ي‬،‫ و‬،‫ا‬
‫ لين‬layyin pl. -ūn, ‫ اليناء‬alyinā’2 and lain
pl. -ūn soft; flabby, feeble; tender; gentle;
flexible, pliable, yielding; pliant, supple,
resilient, elastic, tractable │ ‫ لين العريكة‬l.
al-‘arīka mild-mannered, gentle-hearted;
‫ لين القياد‬tractable, manageable, docile,
obedient; ‫( بطنه لين‬baṭnuhū) he suffers
from diarrhea
‫ ليونة‬luyūna softness; tenderness;
gentleness; flexibility, pliability,
suppleness │ ‫ ليونة الجانب‬sociability,
companionableness, compliance,
yieldingness, tractability
‫ مالينة‬mulāyana friendliness, kindness
‫ ملين‬mulayyin softening, emollient;
dissolvent, diluent; aperient, cathartic,
laxative; ‫ ملينات‬laxatives
‫ليان‬see ٨٨٧ ‫لوى‬
‫م‬
‫ )= شركة مسئولية محدودة‬. ‫ م‬. ‫ م‬. ‫ )ش‬Inc., Ltd.
‫ م‬ma for ‫ ما‬what? after prepositions: ‫ الى م‬ilā
ma whereto? Where? which way?
whither? ‫ بم‬bi-ma with what? Wherewith?
‫ لم‬li-ma why? wherefore? ‫ حتى م‬ḥattā ma
how far? to which point?
mā why? wherefore? for what reason? ‫ماذا‬
mā-dā what (on earth)? ‫ لماذا‬li-mādā why
(on earth)? ‫ ما لك‬what’s the matter with
you? what is it? ‫ ما لك‬،‫ ما لي‬etc., (with foll.
verb) why? wherefore? what ... for? why
should I, should you, etc.? ‫ ما انت وذاك‬mā
anta wa-dāka what’s that to you? what
has this to do with you? what do you
know about that? ‫ ما اجمله‬mā ajmalahū
how handsome he is! ‫ ما افضل عمر‬mā
afḍala ‘umara! how excellent Omar is! --
2. (relative pronoun) that which, what;
something which; whatever, all that ... │
‫ ما شاء ﷲ‬see ‫ شاء؛ كثيرا ما‬katīran mā not
seldom, as often as not, very often; ‫بما فيه‬
bi-mā fīhi including ..., ... inclusive; ‫ما كان‬
‫( من امضاء المعاھدة‬imḍā’i l-mu’āhada) the
fact that the agreement has been signed,
the agreement having been signed; -- 3.
(indefinite pronoun) foll. an indefinite
noun: some, a certain │ ‫ ألمر ما‬li-amrin
mā because of something or other, for
some reason or other; ‫ يوما ما‬yauman mā
some day, sometime in the future; -- 4.
(negation) not │ ‫( ما ان‬in) not
(intensified); ‫ حتى‬-- ‫ ما ان‬mā an – ḥattā no
sooner had he ... than ..., he had hardly …
when ...; ‫ وما ھي اال ان‬wa-mā hiya illā an or
‫( وما ھو اال ان‬with foll. verb in perfect)
 before long he ..., presently ...; then,
thereupon; ‫ حتى‬-- ‫ وما ھي اال ان‬wa-mā hiva
illā an – ḥattā no sooner had he ... than he
had hardly when ...; -- 5. (conjunction) as
long as │ ‫ ما دمت حيا‬mā dumtu ḥayyan as
long I live; ‫ ما لم‬mā lam so long as ... not,
unless; -- 6. whenever; as far as, to the
extent or degree that │ ‫ما واتتني الفرص‬
(wātatnī l-furaṣ) (whenever opportunities
came my way, i.e.) whenever I had a
chance
‫ ما بين‬mā-bain antechamber, anteroom
(of the Turkish Sultan); chief chamber-
lain’s office (in Ottoman Turkey)
‫ ماء‬and ‫ مائي‬see ‫موه‬
‫( ماتينيه‬Fr. matinée) mātīnēh matinee
‫ ماجريات‬see ‫جري‬
‫ ماجستير‬mājistēr master, schoolmaster
‫ ماخور‬mākūr pl. ‫ مواخير‬mawākīr2 house of ill
repute, brothel
‫ مار‬mār Mar, lord (Chr., preceding the names
of saints), saint
‫ مارس‬mars March (month)
‫ مارستان‬māristān lunatic asylum
‫ مارش‬marš march (mus.)
‫ مارشال‬mārišāl marshal, field marshal │ ‫مارشال‬
‫( جوي‬jawwī) air marshal (formerly, a rank
reserved exclusively for the King; Eg.)
‫ مارشالية‬mārišālīya marshalcy, rank or
position of a marshal
‫ مارك‬mark pl. -āt mark (monetary unit)
‫ ماركسي‬marksī Marxist
‫ ماركسية‬marksīya Marxism
‫ ماركة‬marka pl. -āt mark, sign, token │
‫( ماركة تجارية‬tijārīya) trade-mark 888
‫ ماروني‬mārūnī pl. ‫ موارنة‬mawārina Maronite
(adj. and n.)
‫ مازوت‬māzūt mazut (residue in oil distillation,
used as a fuel), heavy oil
‫ ماس‬mās and ‫ ماسة‬māsa (for ‫ )الماس‬diamond
‫ ماسي‬māsī diamond (used attributively)
‫ ماسورة‬māsūra pl. ‫ مواسير‬mawāsīr2 pipe, tube;
hose; pipestem; water pipe, water main;
gun barrel; conduit, conduit pipe; pipeline
(esp., for oil)
‫( ماسون‬Fr. maçon) māsōn Freemason
‫ ماسوني‬māsōnī freemasonic, masonic
‫ ماسونية‬māsōnīya Freemasonry
‫ ماشك‬māšik pl. ‫ مواشك‬mawāšik2 tongs, fire
tongs
‫ مئق‬ma’iqa a (‫ مأق‬ma’aq) to sob
‫ مأق‬ma’q pl. ‫ مآق‬ma’āqin inner corner
of the eye
‫ مأقة‬ma’qa sobbing, sob
‫ موق‬mūq pl. ‫ آماق‬āmāq inner corner of
the eye
‫( ماكياج‬Fr. maquillage) mākiyāiii face painting,
make-up
‫ ماكينة‬mākīna pl. -āt, ‫ مكائن‬makā’in2 machine
‫ مالطة‬malṭa Malta
‫ مالطي‬malṭī Maltese (adj. and n.)
‫ مالنخوليا‬mālinkōliyā or ‫ ماليخاليا‬mālīkōliyā
melancholia
‫ مأمأ‬ma’ma’a to bleat (sheep)
‫ مأن‬ma’ana a (ma’n) to sustain, supply with
provisions, provision, victual (‫ ه‬s.o.)
‫ مأنة‬ma’na pl. ma’anāt, ‫ مؤون‬mu’ūn
navel, umbilicus; umbilical region
‫ مؤنة‬mu’na and ‫ مؤونة‬ma’ūna pl. ‫مؤن‬
mu’an provisions, food.; store, stock;
supply; burden, encumbrance,
inconvenience; trouble, pains, effort │ ‫مؤن‬
‫( حربية‬ḥarbīya) war material
‫ مئني‬see ‫ مائة‬below
‫ مانجو‬mangō mango, mango tree (bot.)
‫ مانجوست‬mangost mongoose, ichneumon
(zool.)
‫( المانش‬Fr. la Manche) al-mānš the English
Channel
‫ مانوليا‬mānūliyā magnolia (bot.)
‫ مانوي‬mānawī Manichaean
‫ مانوية‬mānawīya Manichaeism,
doctrines of Manes
‫ مانيفاتورة‬mānīfātūra manufactured goods, dry
goods, textiles
‫ مانيفستو‬mānīfistō manifest, list of a ship’s
cargo
‫ مانيكان‬mānīkān, (also ‫ مانوكان‬mānūkān) pl. -āt
mannequin, fashion model
‫ ماھية‬māhīya pl. -āt quality, quiddity, essence,
nature; salary, income; pay (mil.)
‫( مايسترو‬It. maestro) māyistrō maestro,
conductor
‫ مائة‬or ‫ مئة‬mi’a pl. ‫ مئون‬mi’ūn, ‫ مئات‬mi’āt
hundred │ ‫ في المائة‬per cent
‫ مئوي‬mi’awī and ‫ مئيني‬mi’īnī centesimal,
centigrade; percentile, percentual │ ‫عيد‬
‫‘( مئوي‬īd) 100th anniversary, centennial;
‫ نسبة مئوية‬or ‫( نسبة مئينية‬nisba) percentage;
‫( درجة مئوية‬daraja) centigrade
(thermometer)
1
‫ مايو‬māyū May
2
‫( مايو‬Fr. maillot) māyō and ‫ مايوه‬māyōh tights
‫ مت‬matta u (matt) to spread, extend, stretch (‫ھـ‬
s.th.); to seek to establish a link (‫ الى‬to s.o.,
‫ ب‬by marriage), enter into relations (‫الى‬
with); to be related, become 889 related
by marriage (‫ الى‬to), marry into the family
of (‫ ;)الى‬to belong (‫ الى‬to); to be associated,
be connected (‫ الى‬with) │ ‫( بصلة الى‬bi-
ṣilatin) to have close ties with s.o., be
related (by marriage) to s.o.; to be
connected with s.th., have to do with s.th.;
‫( مت له باقرب الصلة‬bi-aqrabi ṣ-ṣila) to be
most intimately connected with s.o.
‫ ماتة‬mātta close ties; family ties, kinship
‫ متح‬mataḥa a (matḥ) to draw from a well (‫ھـ‬
water)
‫ متر‬mitr pl. ‫ امتار‬amtār meter (measure of
length)
‫ متري‬mitrī metric(al)
‫( متراليوز‬Ft. mitrailleuse) mitrāliyōz machine
gun
‫ متع‬mata‘a a (mat‘, ‫ متعة‬mut‘a) to carry away,
take away (‫ ب‬s.th.); -- (‫ متوع‬mutū‘) to be
strong, firm, solid │ ‫( متع النھار‬nahār) it
was broad daylight, the sun was high II to
make (‫ ه‬s.o.) enjoy (‫ ب‬s.th.); to furnish,
equip, supply (‫ ب ه‬s.o. with); to give as
compensation (‫ ھـ ھا‬to a divorced woman
s.th.) │ ‫ متعه ﷲ‬God grant him enjoyment
throughout his life; ‫( متع البصر‬baṣara) to
gratify the eye IV to make (‫ ه‬s.o.) enjoy (
‫ ب‬s.th.); to have the usufruct (‫ ب‬of s.th.) V
and X to enjoy, savor, relish (‫ ب‬s.th.)
‫ متعة‬mut‘a pl. ‫ متع‬muta‘ enjoyment,
pleasure, delight, gratification; recreation;
compensation paid to a divorced woman
(Isl. Law); (also ‫ )نكاح المتعة‬muta,
temporary marriage. usufruct marriage
contracted for a specified time and
exclusively for the purpose of sexual
pleasure (Isl. Law) │ ‫ اماكن المتعة‬recreation
centers
‫ متاع‬matā‘ pl. ‫ امتعة‬amti‘a enjoyment,
pleasure, delight, gratification; object of
delight; necessities of life; chattel,
possession, property; goods, wares,
commodities, merchandise; furniture;
implements, utensils, household effects;
baggage, luggage, equipment, gear; useful
article, article of everyday use; things,
objects, stuff, odds and ends │ ‫ متاع العين‬m.
al-‘ain delight of the eyes; ‫ سقط المتاع‬saqaṭ
al-m. scrap, waste, discard, refuse; ‫األمتعة‬
‫( الشخصية‬šakṣīya) personal belongings; ‫متاع‬
‫ المرأة‬m. al-mar’a cunnus (anat.)
‫ امتع‬amta‘ more enjoyable, more
delightful; recreative, recreational
‫ امتاع‬imtā‘ pleasure, delight,
gratification (which s.th. affords)
‫ تمتع‬tamattu‘ enjoyment │ ‫اسھم تمتع‬
ashum t. participating certificates, shares
entitling the bolder to participation in the
net profit without the right to vote
‫ استمتاع‬istimtā‘ enjoyment; love of
pleasure, epicureanism
‫ ماتع‬māti‘ long
‫ ممتع‬mumatti‘ pleasant, delicious,
enjoyable, delightful, gratifying
‫ ممتع‬mumatta‘ enjoying (‫ ب‬s.th.), in
position (‫ ب‬of)
‫ ممتع‬mumti‘ pleasant, delicious,
enjoyable, delightful, gratifying;
interesting
‫ متن‬matuna u (‫ متانة‬matāna) to be firm, strong,
solid II to make firm or strong (‫ ھـ‬s.th.); to
strengthen, consolidate, fortify (‫ ھـ‬s.th.)
‫ متن‬matn pl. ‫ متون‬mutūn, ‫ متان‬mitān half,
or side, of the back; back (esp., of
 animals, but also fig.); main thing, main
part; body (e.g., of a document or journal,
aside from footnotes, annotations, etc.),
text (of a tradition, as distinguished from
the isnād; of a book, as distinguished from
the commentary; also, in general,
linguistic or literary text); middle of the
road, roadway, pavement; surface; desk of
a ship │ ‫ على متن‬aboard (a ship or
airplane); 890 ‫( على متن البحر‬m. il-baḥr) by
sea, sea-borne; ‫( على متن الھواء‬m. il-hawā’)
through the air, air-borne
‫ متن‬matn and ‫ متن‬firm, strong, solid
‫ متانة‬matāna firmness, strength, solidity,
hardiness; will power, strength of will,
determination, backbone, firmness of
character, fortitude; succinctness,
conciseness of style
‫ تمتين‬tamtīn strengthening,
consolidation
‫ متى‬matā s. (interrogative particle) when? at
what time? │ ‫ الى متى‬and ‫ حتى متى‬till when?
how long? -- 2. (conjunction) when,
whenever │ ‫ متى ما‬whenever
‫ مثاث‬matāt cream, cosmetic
‫ مثل‬matala u (‫ مثول‬mutūl) to resemble (‫ ه‬s.o.),
be or look like s.o. (‫)ه‬, boar a likeness (‫ه‬
to); to imitate, copy (‫ ه‬s.o.); to compare,
liken (‫ ب ه‬s.o. to); to represent, mean,
signify (‫ ھـ‬s.th.), stand for (‫ ;)ھـ‬to stand
erect (‫ بين يديه‬baina yadaihī before s.o. in
audience), appear before s.o.; to present
o.s. to s.o.; to present itself to the eye, be
on view; to plant o.s., stand; to step forth,
come forward, enter, appear, make one’s
appearance (esp. of an actor, on the stage)
│ ‫( مثل بين يدي الملك‬b. yadayyi l-malik) to
have an audience with the king, be
received in audience by the king; -- u
(matl) to maim, mutilate (‫ ب‬s.o.); -- u
(matl, ‫ مثلة‬mutla) to make an example (‫ب‬
of s.o.); -- matula u (‫ مثول‬mutūl) to stand,
appear (‫ بين يديه‬baina yadaihi before s.o. in
audience) II to make (‫ ھـ‬s.th.) like s.th.
else (‫)ب‬, make (‫ ھـ‬s.th.) similar. analogous
(‫ ب‬to); to assimilate (biol.); to give or
quote as an example (‫ ب ل‬s.th. of, also ‫ھـ‬
s.th. ‫ على‬of), exemplify (‫ ل ب‬with s.th.
s.th.), use as a simile (‫ ب ھـ‬s.th. for); to
compare, liken (‫ ه‬,‫ ب ھـ‬s.o. s.th. to); to
punish severely, treat harshly (‫ ب‬s.o.); to
maim, mutilate (‫ ب‬s.o.); to represent
pictorially or graphically, show (‫ ه‬,‫ ھـ‬s.o.,
s.th.), picture, depict, describe (‫ ه‬,‫ ھـ‬s.o.,
s.th.); to portray, paint (‫ ه‬s.o.), sculpture a
bust or statue (‫ ه‬of s.o.); to represent (‫ه‬
s.o., ‫ ھـ‬s.th.); to act (on stage or screen),
appear as an actor; to play, act (‫دورا‬
dauran a part or role), star (‫ دورا‬in a role);
to stage, perform (‫ ھـ‬a play); to form,
constitute (chem.) │ ‫( مثل به اشنع تمثيل‬ašna‘
t.) to make a dreadful example of s.o.,
punish s.o. with utmost cruelty III to
resemble (‫ ه‬s.o., ‫ ھـ‬s.th.), be or look like
s.o. or s.th. (‫ ه‬,‫)ھـ‬, be similar, bear a
likeness (‫ ه‬,‫ ھـ‬to); to correspond, be
analogous (‫ ه‬,‫ ھـ‬to s.o., to s.th.); to
compare, liken (‫ ب ه‬s.o. to) V to make o.s.
similar, assimilate o.s. (‫ ب‬to s.o.); to
become similar (‫ ب‬to), become like s.o. or
s.th. (‫)ب‬, follow (‫ ب‬s.o. s.th.), take after
s.o. or s.th. (‫ ;)ب‬to take on the shape of
s.o. (‫ ;)ب‬to assimilate, absorb (‫ ھـ‬s.th.); to
do likewise, imitate, copy (‫ ب‬s.o., s.th.); to
imagine, fancy (‫ ب‬s.th., with ‫ ه‬and verb;
s.o. to do s.th.); to get an idea (‫ ھـ‬of); to
give or quote as an example, use as a
simile (‫ ب‬s.th.); to quote, cite (‫ ب‬a verse);
to present itself, be represented, be visible,
find visual expression (‫ في‬in); to embody,
personify, (im)personate, typify (‫ ھـ‬s.th.);
to stand erect, appear (‫ بين يديه‬baina
yadaihi before s.o.) VI to resemble each
other, be alike, go together, agree, match;
to recover (‫ من‬from) │ ‫ الى الشفاء‬or ‫تماثل‬
‫( للشفاء‬šifā’) to be on the way to recovery
VIII to take as a model or an example,
imitate, copy, follow (‫ ھـ‬s.th.); to submit,
subject o.s. (‫ ل‬to s.o., to s.th.); to obey (‫ھـ‬
an order)
‫ مثل‬mitl pl. ‫ امثال‬amtāl s.th. similar, s.th.
of the same kind; resemblance, similarity,
similitude, likeness; image; equivalent;
891 (with foll. genit. or suffix) s.o. like ...,
one like ...; s.th. like ...; ‫ مثل‬mitla (prep.)
and ‫ كمثل‬ka-mitli similar to, like, just as;
one like; s.th. like; the same as; (just) as
much as │ ‫ ھم مثله‬hum mitluhū they are
like him, they are of his kind; ‫ بالمثل‬in the
same manner, likewise, equally, also, too;
‫ مثل ما‬mitla mā just as, as well as; ‫بمثل ما‬
bi-mitl mā in the same manner as; ‫اجر المثل‬
ajr al-m. adequate payment or wages; ‫عامله‬
‫‘( بالمثل‬āmalahū) to repay s.o. like for like,
treat s.o. in like manner; ‫مبدأ المعاملة بالمثل‬
(mabda’ al-mu‘āmala) principle of
reciprocity; ‫( مقابلة المثل بالمثل‬muqābalat al-
m.) retaliation, reprisal; ‫ امثاله‬amtāluhū
people like him, people of his kind; ‫امثال‬
‫ ابي بكر‬people like Abū Bakr; ‫الى ثالثة امثاله‬
up to three times as much
‫ مثلما‬mitlamā (conj.) as
‫ مثلي‬mitlī replaceable; fungible (Isl.
Law)
‫ مثلى‬mutlā see ‫ امثل‬amtal
‫ مثل‬matal pl. ‫ امثال‬amtāl likeness;
metaphor, simile, parable; proverb, adage;
example; lesson, similar case; ideal,
model; ‫ مثال‬matalan for example, for
instance, e.g. │ ‫ مثل كمثل‬he is comparable
to ..., he is like ...; ‫( مثل اعلى‬asmā) or ‫مثل‬
‫( اعلى‬a‘lā) ideal; ‫ ضرب األمثال‬see ‫ضرب؛‬
‫ األمثال السائرة‬proverbs; ‫( على رأي المثل‬ra’yi l-
m.) as the proverb says
‫ مثال‬mitāl pl. ‫ امثلة‬amtila, ‫ مثل‬mutul s.th.
equal; s.th. similar; simile, parable,
allegory; example; pattern, standard;
exemplary punishment; model; image,
picture │ ‫ على مثال‬... in the manner of ...;
after the pattern or model of ...; ‫مثال اعلى‬
(a‘lā) pl. ‫‘( مثل عليا‬ulyā) ideal; ‫مثل عالية‬
(‘āliya) ideals
‫ مثالي‬mitālī parabolic; allegoric; typical,
representative; model; exemplary; ideal │
‫ مثال النزعة‬m. n-naz‘a idealist
‫ مثال‬mattāl pl. -ūn sculptor
‫ مثالة‬exemplariness, perfection,
superiority; (pl. -āt, ‫ مثائل‬matā’il2) lesson,
task, assignment
‫ مثيل‬matīl pl. ‫ مثل‬mutul like, similar,
analogous; equal, match │ ‫ مثيله‬f. ‫ مثيلتھا‬of
his (its) kind, of her kind; ‫ال مثيل له‬
(matīla), ‫ لم يسبق له مثيل‬،‫( ليس له مثيل‬yasbiq)
incomparable, matchless, unrivaled,
unparalleled
‫ مثول‬mutūl standing erect; appearance;
presentation; audience
‫ امثولة‬umtūla pl. -āt, ‫ اماثيل‬amātīl2
example; deterrent example, warning,
lesson; proverb; assignment, lesson
‫ امثل‬amtal2, f. ‫ مثلى‬mutlā, pl. ‫ اماثل‬amātil2
closer to perfection, coming nearer the
ideal; ideal; model, exemplary, perfect │
‫ السبيل المثلى ل‬the ideal way to ...
‫ تمثال‬timtāl pl. ‫ تماثيل‬tamātīl2 sculptured
image; statue │ ‫( تمثال نصفي‬niṣfī) bust
‫ تمثيل‬tamtīl pl. ‫ تماثيل‬tamātīl2 quotation
of examples, exemplification; likening,
comparison; assimilation; portrayal,
picturing, depiction, description;
representation; diplomatic representation;
dramatic representation, acting, playing
(of an actor); performance, show;
dramatic art; exemplary punishment │
‫( تمثيل تجاري‬tijārī) commercial agency;
‫( تمثيل فالن‬in motion-picture
announcements) starring so-and-so; ‫بدل‬
‫ التمثيل‬badal at-t. allowance for
representation, allowance for professional
expenditure, expense allowance; ‫دار التمثيل‬
theater, playhouse, opera house; ‫فن التمثيل‬
fann at-t. dramatic art, theater; sculpture;
‫ على سبيل التمثيل‬for the purpose of
illustration
‫ تمثيلي‬tamtīlī of or pertaining to the
theater or stage, theatrical, histrionic;
dramatic │ ‫( ملعب تمثيلي‬mal‘ab) theater,
playhouse
‫ تمثيلية‬tamtīlīya: ‫( تمثيلية غنائية‬ginā’īya)
opera 892
‫ مماثلة‬mumātala resemblance, similarity,
similitude, likeness, correspondence;
analogy; exact equivalence (Isl. Law)
‫ تمثل‬tamattul assimilation (biol.)
‫ تماثل‬tamātul matching, agreement,
correspondence, resemblance, similarity,
similitude, likeness, recovery,
convalescence
‫ امتثال‬imtitāl obedience, compliance,
consent
‫ ماثل‬mātil standing, standing forth;
placed, set down; displayed, on display;
emerging, arising, cropping up, appearing,
presenting itself │ ‫( ماثل امام عينيه‬amāma
‘ainaihi) present before s.o.’s eyes; ‫ماثل‬
‫( للعيان‬li-l-‘iyān) visible, conspicuous,
evident, obvious; ‫( ماثل في حضرته‬ḥaḍratihī)
in front of s.o., in s.o.’s presence
‫ ماثلة‬mātila lamp, chandelier
‫ ممثل‬mumattil representing,
representative, representational; -- (pl.
 -ūn) representative (also, e.g., diplomatic),
deputy, agent; performer, player, stage
player, actor; comedian │ ‫ممثل تجاري‬
(tijārī) commercial agent
‫ ممثلة‬mumattlila pl. -āt actress
‫ ممثلية‬mumattilīya representation,
agency │ ‫( ممثلية سياسية‬siyāsīya) diplomatic
representation
‫ ممثل‬mumattal depicted, portrayed;
represented; assimilated (biol.)
‫ مماثل‬mumātil resembling, similar, like,
comparable; corresponding, analogous
‫ متماثل‬mutamātil resembling each other,
similar, of the same kind, homogeneous;
mutually corresponding, homologous;
identical; assimilating, assimilative
‫ ممتثل‬mumtatil obedient, submissive,
compliant
‫ مثانة‬matāna pl. -āt (urinary) bladder
‫ مج‬majja u (mail) to spit out, disgorge, eject,
emit, discharge (‫ ھـ‬s.th.); to reject,
dismiss, discard (‫ ھـ‬s.th.) II to become
ripe, ripen, mellow
‫ مجاج‬mujāj and ‫ مجاجة‬mujāja spittle,
saliva; juice
‫ مجد‬majada u (majd) and majuda u (‫مجادة‬
majāda) to be glorious, illustrious, exalted
II and IV to praise, extol, laud, glorify,
celebrate V to be extolled, be glorified, be
lauded, be praised; to bout, glory
‫ مجد‬majd pl. ‫ امجاد‬amjād glory;
splendor, magnificence, grandeur;
nobility, honor, distinction
‫ مجدي‬majdī laudable, praiseworthy,
glorious
‫ مجيد‬majīd glorious, illustrious;
celebrated, famous; glorified. exalted;
praiseworthy, laudable, admirable,
excellent, splendid; noble │ ‫ الكتاب المجيد‬the
Koran
‫ مجيدي‬majīdī medjidie, a Turkish silver
coin of 20 piasters coined under Sultan
Abdul-Medjid; (of money) Turkish
‫ امجاد‬amjād (pl. of ‫ )مجيد‬people of rank,
distinguished people
‫ امجد‬amjad2 pl. ‫ اماجد‬amājid2 more
glorious, more illustrious; more
distinguished
‫ تمجيد‬tamjīd praise, glorification,
exaltation, idolization
1
‫ مجر‬majara u (majr) to be thirsty, feel thirsty,
to thirst
‫ مجر‬majr numerous (army)
‫ ماجور‬mājūr pl. ‫ مواجير‬mawājīr2 (eg.)
round earthen trough or tub used for
making dough; tall, bulging earthen vessel
with a wide mouth
2
‫ المجر‬al-majar the Hungarians; Hungary
‫ مجري‬majarī Hungarian 893
3
‫ مجر‬majar a small weight 18 ٣.٦١ = ‫ قيراط‬g
(Eg.)
‫ ماجريات‬see ‫جرى‬
‫ مجريط‬majrīṭ2 Madrid
‫ مجوس‬look up alphabetically
‫ مجلة‬majla pl. ‫ مجال‬mijāl, (coll.) ‫ مجل‬majl
blister; see also under ‫ جل‬jalla
‫ ماجل‬mājil pl. ‫ مواجل‬mawājil2 (tun.)
cistern
‫ ممجمج‬mumajmaj indistinct, scribbled, illegible
1
‫ مجن‬majana u (mujn, ‫ مجون‬mujūn, ‫مجانة‬
majāna) to joke, jest; to scoff, mock, jeer
III to jeer, scoff, gibe (‫ ه‬s.o.), mock, poke
fun (‫ ه‬at s.o.), joke, jest (‫ ه‬with s.o.), make
fun (‫ ه‬of s.o.), play wild jokes (‫ ه‬on s.o.) V
to make insolent jokes VI to mock at each
other
‫ مجانة‬majāna buffoonery, clowning; (pl.
-āt prank; antic
‫ مجان‬majjān, impudent, insolent,
unrestrained, wanton, shameless; jester;
prankster, wag, buffoon; free, free or
charge, gratuitous; ‫ مجانا‬majjānan or ‫بالمجان‬
bi-l-majān free of charge, for nothing,
gratis
‫ مجاني‬majjānī free, free of charges,
gratuitous
‫ مجانية‬majjānīya gratuitousness,
exemption from fees, remission of fees
‫ مجون‬mujūn buffoonery, clowning;
shamelessness, impudence
 ‫ مجوني‬mujūnī brazen sarcast, cynic
‫ ماجن‬mājin pl. ‫ مجان‬mujjān impudent,
shameless, brazen, insolent, saucy; joker,
jester, wag, buffoon
2 destruction
‫ ماجن‬mājin pl. ‫ مواجن‬mawājin2 (= ‫( )ماجل‬tun.)
cistern
‫ مجنيزيوم‬magnīzīyom magnesium
‫ محك‬maḥuka a (maḥk) and maḥika a (maḥak)
‫ مجوس‬majūs Magi, adherents of Mazdaism
‫ مجوسي‬majūsī Magian; Magus, adherent
of Mazdaism
‫ مجوسية‬majūsīyya Mazdaism
‫ مح‬maḥḥ worn off, threadbare, shabby
‫ مح‬muḥḥ the best, choicest part, pith,
gist, quintessence; egg yolk
‫ محص‬maḥaṣa a (maḥṣ) to render clear, clarify,
purify (‫ ھـ‬s.th.) II do.; to rectify, put right (
‫ ھـ‬s.th.); to put to the test (‫ ھـ‬s.th.); to test,
examine closely (‫ ھـ‬s.th.) IV to reappear,
re-emerge, come out again V do.; to be
clarified. be purified VII to he clarified, he
purified
‫ محيص‬maḥīṣ shiny, flashing (sword)
‫ تمحيس‬tamḥīṣ pl. -āt clarification;
testing, thorough examination
‫ محض‬maḥaḍa a (maḥḍ) to he sincere (‫ھـ ه‬
toward s.o. in), show or manifest sincerely
(‫ ھـ ه‬to s.o. s.th.; e.g., love, affection); --
maḥuḍa u (‫ محوضة‬muḥūḍa) to be of pure
descent; to be pure, genuine, unmixed,
unadulterated IV to be sincere (‫ ھـ ه‬toward
s.o. in) V to devote o.s. exclusively (‫ ل‬to
s.th.), he solely dedicated (‫ ل‬to s.th.)
‫ محض‬maḥḍ of pure descent, pureblood;
pure, unmixed, unadulterated; genuine;
sheer, downright, outright (e.g., lie,
nonsense, etc.); ‫ محضا‬maḥḍan only,
merely, exclusively, solely │ ‫بمحض اختياره‬
bi-maḥḍi kt. entirely of his own accord;
‫ لمحض صالحھا‬li-maḥḍi ṣāliḥihā solely in
her own interest, only for her own good
‫ امحوضة‬umḥūḍa sincere advice
‫ محق‬maḥaqa a (maḥq) to efface, blot out,
strike out, erase (‫ ھـ‬s.th.); to eradicate,
exterminate, annihilate, destroy (‫ ھـ‬s.th.)
IV to wane, become invisible (moon); to
894 perish V, VII (‫ انمحق‬or ‫امحق‬
immaḥaqa) and VIII to be or become
effaced; to be annihilated, be destroyed,
perish
‫ محق‬maḥq effacement, obliteration;
eradication, extermination, annihilation,
‫ محاق‬maḥāq, muḥāq, miḥāq waning of
the moon
to be quarrelsome, contentious,
cantankerous, quarrel, wrangle, bicker; to
dispute stubbornly III to pick a quarrel,
quarrel, wrangle, have an argument (‫ ه‬with
s.o.) IV and V = I
‫ محك‬maḥik quarrelsome, contentious,
cantankerous, disputatious, bickering;
quarrelsome person, bickerer; wrangler
‫ مماحكة‬mumaḥaka quarrelsomeness,
disputatiousness, petulance; quarrel, row,
wrangle, dispute; (pl. -āt) chicanery;
bickering, wrangling
‫ ماحك‬māḥik and ‫ مماحك‬mumāḥik
quarrelsome, contentious, cantankerous,
disputatious; quarrelsome person,
bickerer, wrangler
‫ محل‬maḥala a, maḥila a (maḥl, ‫ محول‬muḥūl)
and maḥula u (‫ محالة‬maḥāla) to be barren
(land, year); -- maḥāla, maḥila a and
maḥula u (‫ محال‬miḥāl) to plot, scheme,
intrigue (‫ ب‬against s.o.) IV to be barren
and arid; to render barren (‫ ھـ‬the soil); to
be overdue, be withheld, fail to set in
(rains) V to seek to attain by cunning or
through intrigues (‫ ھـ‬s.th.), strive
cunningly (‫ ھـ‬for); to seek a pretext; to
propagandize or advertise (‫ ل‬s.th.) artfully
or with unfair means) │ ‫‘( تمحل العذر‬udr) to
use a pretext, make an excuse
‫ محل‬maḥl barrenness, aridity, drought;
dearth, famine; cunning, craft, deceit; (see
also under ‫ حل‬ḥalla)
‫ محالة‬maḥāla pl. ‫ محال‬maḥāl pulley,
block and tackle; (see also ‫)حول‬
‫ محال‬muḥāl slyness, cunning, craft,
insidiousness
‫ ماحل‬māḥil barren, sterile; bare, bleak
‫ ممحل‬mumḥil barren, sterile
‫ محن‬maḥana a (maḥn) and VIII to try, try out,
test, put to the test, subject to a test (‫ ه‬s.o.,
 ‫ ھـ‬s.th.); to afflict, subject to a trial or trials
(‫ ه‬s.o.); to examine (‫ ه‬s.o.)
‫ محنة‬miḥna pl. ‫ محن‬miḥan severe trial,
ordeal, tribulation; affliction; hardship,
distress, suffering, misfortune
‫ امتحان‬imtiḥān pl. -āt test, experiment;
examination │ ‫ امتحان الدخول‬entrance
examination; ‫( امتحان نھائي‬nihā’ī) final
examination
‫ ممتحن‬mumtaḥin tester; examiner
‫ ممتحن‬mumtaḥan examined; tried,
tested; examinee, candidate
‫ )محا )محو‬maḥā u (maḥw) to wipe off, rub out,
scratch out, erase, strike out (‫ ھـ‬s.th.); to
efface, obliterate, blot out (‫ ھـ‬s.th.); to
wipe out, eradicate, exterminate,
extinguish (‫ ھـ‬s.th.); to eliminate, abolish (
‫ ھـ‬s.th.) │ ‫ ال يمحى‬lā yumḥā ineffaceable,
indelible II to wipe out, extinguish,
exterminate, extirpate (‫ ھـ‬s.th.) V, VII (
‫ انمحى‬and ‫ امحى‬immaḥā) and VIII to be effa
‫ؤ‬ed, obliterated, extinguished, wiped out,
exterminated; to disappear, vanish
‫ محو‬maḥw effacement, obliteration,
blotting out; erasure, deletion;
elimination; abolition, abolishment,
annulment
O ‫ ممحاة‬mimḥāh and ‫ محاية‬maḥḥāya
eraser
‫ امحاء‬immiḥā’ extinction, extermination,
extirpation
‫ ماحية‬māḥiya eraser 895
‫ مخ‬mukk pl. ‫ مخاخ‬mikāk, ‫ مخاخة‬mikāka
brain; marrow, medulla; core, essence;
purest and choicest part
‫ مخي‬mukkī brain- (in compounds),
cerebral
‫ المخا‬al-mukā Mocha (seaport in SW Yemen)
1 s.o.’s life (of God); ‫( مد البصر الى‬baṣara) to
‫ مخر‬makara a (makr, ‫ مخور‬mukūr) to plow; to
move, out, shear, cleave (‫ ھـ‬through s.th.);
(of a ship) to plow, traverse (‫ ھـ‬the sea)
‫ ماخر‬mākir plowing the sea (ship)
‫ ماخرة‬mākira pl. ‫ مواخر‬mawākr2 ship
2
‫ ماخور‬mākūr pl. ‫ مواخير‬mawākīr brothel
‫ مخق‬makraqa to brag, tell fibs; to swindle,
cheat
‫ مخض‬makaḍa a u i (makḍ) to chum (‫ ھـ‬milk);
to shake violently (‫ ھـ‬s.th.); -- makiḍa a (
‫ مخاض‬makāḍ, mikāḍ) to be parturient, be
in labor V = I makiḍa; to bear, produce,
bring forth, effect, bring about (‫ عن‬s.th.);
to be churned (milk)
‫ مخاض‬makāḍ labor pains
‫ مخيض‬makīḍ buttermilk
‫ مخاضة‬makkāḍa and ‫ ممخضة‬mimkaḍa pl.
‫ مماخض‬mamākiḍ churn
‫ مخط‬makaṭa a u (makṭ, ‫ مخوط‬mukūṭ) and V to
blow one’s nose
‫ مخاط‬mukāṭ nasal mucus, snot │ ‫مخاط‬
‫ الشمس‬m. aš-šams and ‫ مخاط الشيطان‬m. aš-
šaiṭā gossamer
‫ مخاطي‬mukāṭī snotty; mucous; slimy,
ropy
‫ مخيط‬mukaiṭ (eg.) sebésten (Cordia
myxa L.; bot.)
‫ مخطر‬II tamakṭara to walk with a graceful,
swinging gait
1
‫ مخل‬mukl pl. ‫ امخال‬amkāl, ‫ مخول‬mukūl lever,
pinch bar, crowbar
2
□‫ مخلة‬mikla (= ‫ )مخالة‬pl. ‫ مخل‬mikal, ‫مخالي‬
makālī nosebag
‫ مخمض‬makmaḍa to rinse the mouth
‫ مد‬madda u (madd) to extend, distend, expand,
dilate (‫ ھـ‬s.th.); to stretch, stretch out (‫ھـ‬
s.th.), crane (‫ ھـ‬the neck); to draw out,
protract (‫ ھـ‬s.th.); to spread out (‫ ھـ‬s.th.); to
layout (‫ ھـ‬s.th.), lay (‫ ھـ‬tracks, pipeline); to
spread (‫ ھـ‬a net); to lengthen, elongate,
prolong (‫ ھـ‬s.th.); to grant a respite or
delay; to rise (flood, river); to help, aid,
assist (‫ ه‬s.o.), support (‫ ب ه‬s.o. by or with),
supply, provide (‫ ب ه‬s.o. with); to
reinforce (‫ ھـ‬an army); to fertilize, manure
(‫ ھـ‬the soil) │ ‫‘( مد عمره‬umrahū) to prolong
turn one’s eyes, direct one’s glance to; ‫مد‬
‫( جذرا في األرض‬jidran, arḍ) to strike roots
(tree); ‫ مد الحبالة له‬to lay a snare for s.o.; ‫مد‬
‫( رجله بقدر كسائه‬rijlahū bi-qadri kisā’ihī) to
cut one’s coat according to one’s cloth,
make the beet of it, adjust o.s. to the
circumstances; ‫( مد رجليه بقدر لحافه‬rijlaihi
bi-gadri likāfihī) do.; ‫( مد سمعه‬sam‘ahū) to
prick up one’s ears; ‫ مد المائدة‬to set the
table; ‫( مد في المشي‬mašy) to take long
strides; ‫ مد المواسير‬to lay pipe; ‫مد اليه يده‬
(yadahū) to extend one’s hand to s.o. II to
extend, distend, expand, dilate (‫ ھـ‬s.th.); to
stretch out (‫ ھـ‬s.th.); to spread, spread out (
‫ ھـ‬s.th.); to lengthen, elongate, protract,
prolong (‫ ھـ‬s.th.); to discharge pus,
suppurate, fester III to delay, defer,
procrastinate; to put off from day to day (‫ه‬
s.o.) IV to help, aid, assist (‫ ه‬s.o.), support
(‫ ب ه‬s.o. with), provide, supply, furnish (‫ب‬
‫ ه‬،‫ ھـ‬s.o., s.th. with); to lend, impart (‫ ب ه‬to
s.th. s.th.); to reinforce (. an army); to
postpone, delay, grant a respite; to
suppurate, fester │ ‫( امد بأجله‬bi-ajalihī) to
grant s.o. another respite in this life (of
God) V to be spread, spread out, extended,
stretched out; to extend, stretch, spread;
896 to lengthen, expend, distend, dilate; to
stretch o.s., stretch out, sprawl (on a bed,
end the like) VIII to be extended,
distended, stretched; to be laid (wires,
pipeline); to extend or reach (‫ الى‬to s.th.),
stretch, spread (‫ الى‬to s.th., over a
distance); to lengthen, become drawn out,
become protracted or prolonged; to be
long; to develop, grow (‫ الى‬into) X to take,
get, draw, derive, borrow (‫ من ھـ‬s.th.
from), provide o.s. with (‫ ;)ھـ‬to ask for
help (‫ ه‬s.o.)
‫ مد‬madd pl. ‫ مدود‬mudūd extension;
distension, dilation, expansion; stretching;
spreading; lengthening, elongation,
prolongation, protraction; drawing out of
the voice over long vowels (in Koran
recitation); rising, rise (of water, of the
flood); supply (‫ ب‬with) │ ‫ مد البصر‬m. al-
baṣar range of vision; madda l-b. as far as
the eye can see; ‫ مد النظر‬m. an-naẓar
farsightedness, foresight; ‫ حروف المد‬the
“literae productionis” ‫( ا و ي‬gram.)
‫ مدة‬madda sign over alif (‫ )آ‬denoting
initial long a (’ā)
‫ مد‬mudd pl. ‫ امداد‬amdād, ‫ مداد‬midād
mudd, a dry measure (Pal. = 18 l, Tangier
= 46.6 l)
‫ مدة‬midda pus, purulent matter
‫ مدة‬mudda pl. ‫ مدد‬mudad period (of
time), space of time, interval; while;
duration; limited or appointed time, term;
‫ مدة‬muddata within, in the course of,
during │ ‫ في مدة‬... within, in the course of,
during; ‫( مدة من الزمان‬zaman) period (of
time), space of time, interval, while;
muddatan min az-z. for a while, for some
time
‫ مدد‬madad pl. ‫ امداد‬amdād help, aid,
assistance, support, backing,
reinforcement; pl. resources; auxiliaries
‫ مداد‬midād ink; lamp oil; fertilizer,
manure, dung; pattern, style │ ‫سجله بمداد‬
‫ الفخر‬sajjalahū bi-m. il-fakr to inscribe s.th.
with golden letters; ‫ على مداد واحد‬after the
same pattern
‫ مديد‬madīd pl. ‫ مدد‬mudud extended,
outstretched, stretched, elongated; long,
prolonged, protracted; tall, big; slender,
high, towering; ‫ المديد‬name of a poetical
meter │ ‫( زمان مديد‬zamān) or ‫مدة مديدة‬
(muda) long time; ‫‘( عمر مديد‬umr) greet
age; ‫ مديد البصر‬m. al-baṣar farsighted,
farseeing
‫ مداد‬maddād a creeping plant
‫ امدة‬amidda warp of a fabric
‫ تمديد‬tamdīd pl. -āt lengthening,
elongation, prolongation, extension
‫ امداد‬imdād help, aid, assistance,
support, sustentation, maintenance,
provisioning; supply (mil.); pl. -āt
auxiliaries, reinforcements, supplies
‫ تمدد‬tamaddud extension, spreading,
expansion; stretching, distention, dilation,
dilatation, widening
‫ امتداد‬imtidād stretching, stretch,
extension, extensity; extensibility,
dispensability; expansibility; widening,
distention, dilation, dilatation,
lengthening, elongation, prolongation;
expanse; length; size, extent, spread,
compass, range, scope │ ‫ على امتداد‬along,
alongside of
‫ استمداد‬istimdād procurement of support,
bringing up of reinforcements; supply
(mil.)
‫ ماد‬mādd stretching, expanding,
extending, spreading; trailing, creeping
(plant)
‫ مادة‬mādda pl. ‫ مواد‬mawādd2 stuff,
matter; material possession; substance;
material; component, constituent,
ingredient; fundamental constituent,
radical, chemical element, base; subject,
theme, topic; school subject, field of
study; discipline, subject matter, 897
curricular subject; article, paragraph (e.g.,
of a law, treaty or contract); stipulation,
contractual term j pl. material, materials;
agents, elements │ ‫( مادة اصلية‬aṣlīya) root
of a word; ‫( مواد اولية‬awwalīya) primary
elements; raw materials; ‫مواد تجارية‬
(tijārīya) articles of commerce,
commodities; ‫ مواد التجميل‬cosmetics; ‫مواد‬
‫( جنائية‬jinā’īya) criminal cases (jur.); ‫مواد‬
‫( حربية‬ḥarbīya) war material; ‫ مواد خام‬raw
materials; ‫ مواد الصباغة‬dyestuffs, dyes; ‫مواد‬
‫( صلبة‬ṣulba) solid constituents, solids (e.g.,
of milk); O ‫ مواد مصنوعة‬manufactured
goods, ready-made goods; O ‫مواد التطيب‬
medicaments, drugs; ‫ مواد اإلعاشة‬m. al-
i‘āša, ‫ مواد المعيش‬m. al-ma‘īš food-stuffs,
food; ‫( مواد غذائية‬gidā’īya) foodstuffs,
victuals, food, nutritive substances;
fodder; ‫ مواد اللغة‬m. al-luga vocabulary of a
language; O ‫( مواد مضادة للحيويات‬muḍādda
li-l-ḥayawīyāt antibiotics; ‫مواد ملتھبة‬
(multahiba) combustible materials,
inflammable matter; fuel; ‫مواد مدنية‬
(madanīya) civil cases (jur.); ‫مواد النسيج‬
textiles
‫ مادي‬māddī material; corporeal,
physical; materialistic; (pl. -ūn)
materialist; objective (as opposed to
‫)شخصي‬
‫ مادية‬māddīya materialism │ ‫الماديات‬
‫( والمعنويات‬ma‘nawīyāt) material and ideal
things
‫ ممدود‬mamdūd extended; outstretched;
elongated; prolonged, protracted, drawn
out; extensive, great, large; provided with
madda (gram.)
‫ ممدد‬mumaddad spread, outspread,
outstretched; stretched out, sprawling,
lying; extended, elongated, long
‫ ممتد‬mumtadd extended, outstretched;
spread, outspread, laid out; extending,
stretching, spreading; extensive, wide,
large, comprehensive
‫ مستمد‬mustamadd taken, derived (‫من‬
from)
‫ مداليه‬madāliya pl. ‫ مداليات‬madāliyāt medal
‫ مداليون‬madaliyōn medallion, locket, pendant
‫ مدح‬madaḥa a (madḥ, ‫ مدحة‬midḥa) to praise,
commend, laud, extol (‫ ه‬s.o.); to eulogize,
celebrate in poems (‫ ھه‬s.o.) II do. V to be
commended, be praised, be lauded; to
boast (‫ ب‬of s.th.), glory (‫ ب‬in), pride o.s. (
‫ ب‬on), be proud (‫ ب‬of) VIII = I
‫ مدح‬madḥ commendation, laudation,
praise; extolment, glorification;
panegyrical litsrature; acclaim │ ‫المدح في‬
‫ ﷲ‬the glorification of God
‫ مديح‬madīḥ pl. ‫ مدائح‬madā’iḥ2 praise,
laudation, commendation; panegyrical
poem, panegyric; eulogy, encomium,
tribute
‫ امدوحة‬umdūḥa pl. ‫ اماديح‬amādīḥ2 praise,
laudation, commendation; panegyrical
poem; eulogy, encomium, tribute
‫ تمدح‬tamadduḥ extolment, glorification;
self-praise, vainglory, ostentation,
swaggering
‫ مادح‬mādiḥ and ‫ مداح‬maddāḥ panegyrist,
encomiast, eulogist
1
‫ مدر‬madar (coll.; n. un. ‫ )ة‬clods of earth or
mud, loam, clay │ ‫ اھل الوبر والمدر‬ahl al-
wabar wa-l-m. the tent-dwellers and the
city-dwellers, the nomads and the
sedentary population
‫ مدن‬madara clod of earth or mud; small
hump of the ground
2
‫ مدراء‬mudarā’2 pl. of ‫ مدير‬mudir, see ‫دور‬
‫ مدراس‬madrās2 Madras (state and city in S
India)
‫ مدريد‬madrīd2 Madrid
‫( مدلن‬Engl.) midlin middling, of
medium quality (com.)
‫ مدن‬II to found or build cities; to civilize,
urbanize, humanize, refine V ٨٩٨ ‫تمدن‬
tamaddana to be or become civilized;
‫ تمدين‬tamadyana do.; to enjoy the
comforts; of civilization, the amenities of
life
‫ مدينة‬madīna pl. ‫ مدن‬mudun, ‫مدائن‬
madā’in2 town, city │ ‫ مدينة النبي‬or ‫المدينة‬
(usually followed by the epithet ‫ المنورة‬al-
munawwara) Medina (city in W Saudi
 Arabia); ‫ مدينة السالم‬m. as-salām Baghdad
(capital of Iraq); ‫ مدينة الكاب‬Cape Town;
‫( المدن الكبرى‬kubrā) the big cities
‫ مدني‬madanī urban, urbanized, city-
dwelling, town-dwelling; civilized,
refined, polished; civilian (as opposed to
military), civil, civic; secular; town
dweller, townsman, city dweller, urbanite,
citizen, civilian; of Medina, Medinan (adj.
and n.) │ ‫( دعوى مدنية‬da‘wā) civil action,
civil suit, civil proceeding (jur.); ‫الطيران‬
‫( المدني‬ṭayarān) civil aeronautics; ‫قانون مدني‬
civil law
‫ مدنية‬madanīya civilization
‫ تمدين‬tamdīn civilizing, civilization,
advancement in social culture,
humanization, refining, raising of moral
standards
‫ تمديني‬tamdīnī civilizing, civilizatory,
civilizational
‫ تمدن‬tamaddun and ‫ تمدين‬tamadyun
civilization; refinement of social culture
‫ تمدني‬tamaddunī civilized
‫ متمدن‬mutamaddin civilized;
sophisticated, refined, educated
‫ متمدين‬mutamadyin civilized, provided
with the comforts of civilization
‫ مدى‬III to grant a respite or delay (‫ ه‬to s.o.) IV
do. VI to persist, persevere (‫ في‬or ‫ ب‬or ‫على‬
in), keep, stick, adhere (‫ في‬or ‫ ب‬or ‫ على‬to);
to continue (‫ في‬s.th.), keep or go on (‫في‬
doing s.th.); to go far, go to extremes (‫في‬
in); to continue, last, draw out
‫ مدى‬madan extension, expanse, stretch,
spread, compass, range, scope, space,
latitude, reach; distance, interval,
interspace; extent, degree, measure, scale,
proportion; utmost point, extreme, limit;
space of time, duration, period; (prep.) ‫مدى‬
mad4 for the duration of, during, in a
(given) period of, in the course of │ ‫مدى‬
‫ البصر‬m. l-baṣar range or field of vision,
visual range; ‫ مدى الحياة‬m. l-ḥayāh lifetime;
for life; ‫( المدى الحيوي‬ḥayawī) lebensraum;
‫ مدى الدوران‬m. d-dawarān continually,
constantly, perpetually; ‫ مدى الصوت‬m. ṣ-
ṣaut roach of the voice, calling distance;
‫ مدى العمر‬m. l-‘umr lifetime; ‫ مدى‬m. l-
ayyām throughout the days, continually;
‫ الى مدى بعيد‬at a great distance; ‫على مدى عشر‬
‫‘( امتار‬ašri amtār) at a distance of 10
meters; ‫ بعيد المدى‬far-reaching, ‫مدفع بعيد المدى‬
(midfa‘) long-range gun; ‫في المدى األخير‬
after all, when all’s said and done, in the
last analysis
‫ مدية‬madya, mudya, midya pl. ‫مدى‬
mudan, midan, ‫ مديات‬mudyāt, mudayāt
butcher’s knife; knife
‫ مدوي‬madawī, mudawī, midawī cutler
‫ تماد‬tamādin: ‫ مع طول التمادي‬،‫ مع التمادي‬in
the long run
‫( مديل‬Fr. modèle) modēl pl. -āt model
‫ مدين‬II tamadyana see ‫مدن‬
‫ مذ‬mud since (= ‫ منذ‬mundu)
‫ مذر‬madira a (madar) to be addle (egg),
become rotten II to scatter, disperse,
spread or sprinkle about (‫ ھـ‬s.th.) V = I
‫ شذر مذر‬šadara madara scattered here
and there
‫ مذر‬madir spoiled, rotten, putrid
‫ مذق‬madaqa u (madq) to mix with water,
dilute
‫ مذق‬madq watered wine 899
‫ مذيق‬madīq diluted, mixed with water,
watered, watery
‫ مذاق‬madāq and ‫ مماذق‬mumādaq
insincere, hypocritical
‫ مذل‬madila a (madl, ‫ مذال‬madāl) to reveal,
disclooe (‫ ب‬s.th. secret)
‫ مذھب‬II tamadhaba see ‫ذھب‬
1
‫ مر‬marra u (marr, ‫ مرور‬murūr, ‫ ممر‬mamarr)
to pass (‫ ب‬or ‫ على‬s.o., s.th. or by s.o., by
s.th.), go, walk, saunter, or stroll by or
past (‫ على‬،‫ ;)ب‬to march past s.o. (‫)امام‬, pass
in review (‫ امام‬before s.o.; mil.); to pass,
elapse, go by, run out (time); to come, go,
walk, or pass along s.th. (‫ ب‬or ‫)على‬, skirt (
‫ ب‬or ‫ على‬s.th.); to pass, go, walk, move,
march, travel (‫ ب‬or ‫ من‬or ‫ على‬through),
cross, traverse (‫ من‬a place, a country, a
room); to flow through, run through; to fly
through; to lead, run, out (‫ في‬through an
area; border), pass (‫ في‬over), cross (‫ في‬an
area); to go or pass (‫ ب‬through a stage or
phase), undergo (‫ ب‬a state or phase); to
cross (‫ على‬a border, s. line, mountains, and again; ‫( مرة واحدة‬wāḥidatan) at once, at
etc.); to fly (‫ فوق‬over an area; airplane); to one time; eventually, finally, at last; ‫اكثر‬
depart, go away, leave; to continue (‫ يفعل‬to ‫( من مرة‬aktara) more than once, several
do s.th.), keep, or go on, doing s.th. │ ‫مر‬ times; ‫ بالمرة‬at all, absolutely, entirely;
‫( ذكره‬dikruhū) it has been discussed, it has (with neg.) not at all, never, by no means;
been mentioned above; ‫ كما مر بنا‬as it has ‫ غير مرة‬gaira marratin or ‫غير ما مرة‬
passed before us, as we have already repeatedly, several times, more than once;
mentioned; ‫ مر باالمتحان‬to pass the ‫ كم مرة‬kam marratan how often? how
examination; ‫( مر بسالم‬bi-salām) to turn many times? ‫ للمرة السادسة‬for the sixth
out well, go off without mishap; ‫مر عليه‬ times; ‫ آلخر مرة‬li-ākiri marratin or ‫للمرة‬
‫( ببصره‬bi-baṣarihī) to scan s.th., peruse ‫ األخيرة‬for the time; ‫ ألول مرة‬li-awali
s.th. hastily; ‫( مر مر البرق‬marra l-barq) to marratin for the first time; ‫مرارا عديدة‬
pass swiftly, flash past, flit past; ‫مر مر‬ (‘adīdatan) frequently, often; ‫مرارا وتكرارا‬
‫( الكرام‬marra l-k.) to pass as if nothing had ٩٠٠ (wa-takrāan) time and again, again
happened, brush past; ‫مر به )عليه( مر الكرام‬ and again
to overlook s.th. generously, pass over ‫ مرور‬murūr passing; parade, march past
s.th. with dignity, treat s.th. with disdain II (‫ ;)امام‬passage, march, journey, or trip
to let pass (‫ ھـ‬s.th.); to convey, carry or through (‫ على‬،‫ من‬،‫)ب‬, transit; flowing
take through (‫ ھـ‬s.th.); to pass (‫ ھـ‬the ball, through, flow; crossing, traversal; flying
in soccer) │ ‫( مرر سفينة في القناة‬qanāh) to over (‫ ;)فوق‬uninterrupted sequence; traffic
pass or take a ship through the canal IV to (street, tourist, shipping); progression,
let (‫ ه‬s.o.) go by or past s.o. or s.th. (‫ على‬or process, course, lapse (of time); (eg.)
‫ ;)ب‬to let (‫ ه‬s.o.) pass (‫ على‬or ‫ ب‬s.th.); to inspection │ ‫ مرور الزمان‬m. az-zamān
make (‫ ه‬،‫ ھـ‬s.o., s.th.) go through s.th. (‫على‬ expiration of the deadline; ‫تذكرة المرور‬
or ‫)ب‬, lead, take or send (‫ ه‬s.o.) through ( tadkirat al-m. permit, pass, laissez-passer;
‫ على‬or ‫)ب‬, pass,stick (‫ على‬or ‫ ب ھـ‬s.th. passport; ‫ حركة المرور‬ḥarakat al-m.
through); to insert (‫ على‬or ‫ ب ھـ‬s.th. in) │ through traffic; ‫ شرطة المرور‬šurṭat al-m
‫( امر نظره على‬naẓarahū) to pass one’s traffic police, highway patrol; ‫نظام المرور‬
glance over, let one’s eyes wander over X traffic regulations
to last, endure, continue, go on; to remain,
stay; to continue (‫ على‬or ‫ في‬s.th., ‫ يفعل‬to do ‫ ممر‬mamarr passing, going by;
s.th.), persist, persevere (‫ على‬or ‫ في‬in s.th.), elapsing; lapse, expiration (of time);
keep (‫ على‬or ‫ في‬to s.th., ‫ يفعل‬doing s.th.), go transition; crossing; access, approach; (pl.
on (‫ يفعل‬doing s.th.), stick, adhere (‫ على‬or -āt) aisle, passage, passageway, corridor;
‫ في‬to s.th.) ford; (mountain) pass │ ‫( ممر سفلي‬suflī)
underpass; ‫ على ممر العصور‬in the course of
‫ مر‬marr passing, going by; passage, centuries
transit; transition; crossing; progression,
process, lapse, course (of time); iron ‫ امرار‬imrār passing through, insertion
shovel, spade; rope │ ‫( على مر الزمان‬m. iz- ‫ استمرار‬istimrār duration, permanence,
zamān) in the course of time continuity, continuance, continuation,
‫ مرة‬marra pl. -āt, ‫ مرار‬mirār time, turn; continued existence, survival; persistence
‫ مرة‬marratan once; ‫ مرتين‬marrataini twice; │ ‫ باستمرار‬continually, constantly; ‫دواما‬
‫ ماتة‬marrātin repeatedly; several times, ‫( واستمرارا‬dawāman) constantly,
quite often; ‫ مرارا‬mirāran several times, continuously, incessantly, without
more than once, quite often; at times, now interruption; ‫ قوة االستمرار‬qūwat al-ist.
and then, occasionally, sometimes │ ‫مرة ما‬ inertia, vis inertiae
marratan mā or ‫ ذات مرة‬dāta marratin ‫ مار‬mārr passing; going, walking,
once, one time, one day; ‫مرة اخرى‬ riding, etc., past or by; (pl. -ūn, ‫مارة‬
marratan ukrā or ‫( مرة جديدة‬jadīdatan) mārra) passer-by, pedestrian, walker,
once again, once more, anew, ‫ مرة بعد مرة‬or stroller │ ‫( المار ذكره‬dikruhū) the above-
‫ مرة عن مرة‬time and again, again and again; mentioned, what has already been
‫( المرة تلو المرة‬tilwa) time after time, time discussed
 ‫ مستمر‬mustamirr lasting, permanent,
enduring, constant, continual,
uninterrupted, unceasing, incessant;
continuous, unbroken │ ‫( تيار مستمر‬tayyār)
direct current (el.); ‫( موجات مستمرة‬maujāt)
continuous waves (phys.)
2 ‫ مروءة‬murū’a and ‫ مروة‬murūwa the ideal
‫ مر‬marra u a (‫ مرارة‬marāra) to be or become
bitter II to make bitter, embitter (‫ ھـ‬s.th.)
IV to be or become bitter; to make bitter (
‫ ھـ‬s.th.) VI to fight, contend, dispute (with
each other) X to think bitter, find bitter (‫ھـ‬
s.th.)
‫ مر‬murr pl. ‫ امرار‬amrār bitter; severe;
sharp; painful; bitterness; myrrh │ ‫مر‬
‫ الصحاري‬m. aṣ-ṣaḥārī colocynth (bot.)
‫ مرة‬mirra pl. ‫ مرر‬mirar gall. bile; (pl.
‫ امرار‬amrār) strength, power
‫ مرارة‬marāra pl. ‫ مرائر‬marā’ir2
bitterness; gall, gall bladder; innermost,
heart │ ‫( انشقت مرارته غيظا‬inšaqqat, gaiẓan)
he burst with anger
‫ مرير‬marīr pl. ‫ مرائر‬marā’ir2 strong,
firm, stubborn, tenacious, dogged,
persistent, deep-seated, deep, profound
(esp., of feelings)
‫ مريرة‬marīra pl. ‫ مرائر‬marā’ir2 firmness;
detention, resoluteness; vigor, energy,
tenacity, doggedness; steadiness,
constancy
‫ امر‬amarr2 firmer, stronger; bitterer │
‫ األمران‬the two bitter things (i.e., poverty
and old age); ‫ قاسى األمرين‬qāsā l-amarrain
to go through the worst, be exposed to
greatest hardships
‫ ممرور‬mamrūr bilious; foolish, crazy;
fool
‫ مرأ‬mara’a, ‫ مرئ‬mari’a a and ‫ مرؤ‬maru’a u (
‫ مراءة‬marā’a) to be wholesome, healthful,
palatable (food); -- ‫ مرؤ‬maru’a u (‫مروءة‬
murū’a) to be manly; -- ‫ مرؤ‬maru’a u (
‫ مراءة‬marā’a) to be healthy and salubrious
(climate) X to find wholesome and tasty (
‫ ھـ‬food); to enjoy, savor, relish (‫ ھـ‬s.th.); to
be able to digest (‫ ھـ‬s.th.; also fig.); to take
to s.th. (‫)ھـ‬, take a liking (‫ ب‬to), derive
pleasure (‫ ھـ‬from)
‫ امرأ‬,‫ امرء‬imra’ and ‫ امرؤ‬imru’ (with
definite article ‫ المرء‬al-mar’) a man; 901
person, human being; ‫ المرء‬frequently for
Engl. “one”, as ‫( يظن المرء‬yaẓunnu) one
would think
‫ امرأة‬imra’a (with def. article ‫ المرأة‬al-
mar’a) pl. see ‫نسو‬, woman, wife │ ‫المرأة‬
‫( المسلسلة‬musalsala) Andromeda (astron.)
of manhood, comprising all knightly
virtues, esp., manliness, valor, chivalry,
generosity, sense of honor
‫ مريء‬marī’ manly, virile; healthful,
salubrious, healthy, wholesome │ ‫ھنيئا مريئا‬
(hanī’an) approx.: may it do you much
good! I hope you will enjoy it (i.e, food)!
‫ مريء‬marī’ pl. ‫ امرئة‬amri’a, ‫ مروء‬murū’
esophagus, gullet
‫ مراكش‬marrākuš2, marrākiš2 Marrakech (city in
W Morocco); Morocco
‫ مراكشي‬marrākušī, marrākišī Moroccan
(adj. and n.)
‫ مرث‬marata u (mart) to suck, bite (‫ ھـ‬one’s
fingers); to soften, crush, squash, mash (‫ھـ‬
s.th.); to macerate, soak (in water; ‫ ھـ‬s.th.)
1
‫ مرج‬marj pl. ‫ مروج‬murūj grass-covered
steppe; pasture land; meadow
‫ ھرج ومروج‬harj wa-marj confusion,
jumble, tumult, hubbub
‫ مرج‬maraj disorder, confusion, jumble
2
‫ مرجان‬marjān, murjān (coll.; n. un. ‫ )ة‬small
pearls; corals │ ‫ سمك مرج‬samak m.
goldfish
‫ مرجاني‬marjānī coralline, coral, coralli-
(in compounds), corallike, coral-red │
‫ جزيرة مرجانية‬atoll; ‫ شعاب مرجانية‬coral reefs
‫ مرجح‬marjaḥa to rock II tamarjaḥa to swing
back and forth, pendulate, dangle; to be in
suspense, be pending, be in abeyance
‫ مرح‬mariḥa a (maraḥ) to be gay, merry,
cheerful, in high spirits, hilarious,
exuberant, lively; to be glad, happy,
delighted; to rejoice, exult │ ‫سرح مرح‬
(sariḥa) to do as one likes, proceed
arbitrarily
‫ مرح‬maraḥ joy, cheerfulness, gaiety,
glee, mirth, hilarity, merriment, liveliness
‫ مرح‬mariḥ pl. ‫ مرحى‬marḥā, ‫مراحى‬
marāḥā joyful, gay, happy, merry,
 cheerful, lively, romping, hilarious,
exuberant
‫ مراح‬mirāḥ jollity, hilarity, exuberance
‫ مريح‬marīḥ joyful, gay, happy, merry,
cheerful, lively, romping, hilarious,
exuberant
‫ مرحى‬marḥā well done! bravo! │ ‫مرحى‬
‫ ب‬bravo to ...
‫ ممراح‬mimrāḥ of cheerful disposition,
gay-tempered, blithe; gay, jovial person
‫ مرحب‬marḥaba to welcome (‫ ه‬s.o.)
‫ مرخ‬marak a (mark) to oil, anoint,rub,
embrocate (‫ ھـ‬the body) II do. V to rub
one’s skin with a liniment, oil o.s., anoint
o.s.
‫ مرخ‬marik soft; slack, flabby, flaccid
‫ مروخ‬marūk liniment; salve, unguent,
ointment
‫ مريخ‬mirrīk Mars (astron.)
‫ مرد‬marada u (‫ مرود‬murūd) and maruda (‫مرادة‬
marāda, ‫ مرود‬murūda) to be refractory,
recalcitrant, rebellious; to revolt, rebel (
‫ على‬against) II to strip (‫ ھـ‬a branch) of its
leaves; to plaster, mortar, face (‫ ھـ‬a
building) V to be refractory, recalcitrant,
to revolt, rebel (‫ على‬agaist); to be insolent,
arrogant, overbearing
‫ مردى‬murdī pl. ‫ مرادى‬marādīy (punting)
pole, boat hook 902
‫ مراد‬marād, marrād pl. ‫ مراريد‬marārīd2
nape, neck
‫ مريد‬ma.rid pl. ‫ مرداء‬muradā’ refractory,
recalcitrant, rebellious
2
‫ تمراد‬timrād pl. ‫ تماريد‬tamārīd dovecot
2 2
‫ امرر‬amrad , f. ‫ مرداء‬mardā’ , pl. ‫مرد‬
mard beardless; leafless (tree); dry,
withered
‫ تمرد‬tamarrud refractoriness,
recalcitrance, disobedience,
insubordination; uprising, insurrection,
mutiny, revolt, rebellion
‫ مارد‬mārid pl. -ūn, ‫ مردة‬marada, ‫مراد‬
murrād refractory, recalcitrant, defiant;
rebel, insurgent; demon, evil spirit, devil;
giant
‫ متمرد‬mutamarrid refractory,
recalcitrant, disobedient, insubordinate,
mutinous, rebellious
‫ مردقوش‬mardaqūš marjoram
‫ مرزبان‬marzubān pl. ‫ مرازبة‬marāziba
vicegerent, provincial governor, satrap (in
ancient Persia)
‫ مرزجوش‬marzajūš, ‫ مرزنجوش‬marzanjūš ‫مردقوش‬
‫ مرس‬marasa u (mars) to soak (in water),
macerate (‫ ھـ‬s.th.) III to exercise, pursue,
practice (‫ ھـ‬s.th., esp., a profession); (intr.)
to practice, have or operate a practice; to
carry out, execute (‫ ب‬an action); to apply
o.s. (0 to s.th.), go in for (‫ ;)ھـ‬to try V to
rub o.s. (‫ ب‬with, against); to have trouble,
be at odds (‫ ب‬with); to exercise (‫ ب‬an
office), pursue, practice (‫ ب‬a profession);
to work (‫ ب‬with), be in practical contact,
have actually to do (‫ ب‬with s.th.); to have
to cope or struggle (‫ ب‬with s.th.) VI to
fight, struggle, contend with each other
‫ مرس‬mars game which is won by
getting all the tricks
‫ مرس‬maris pl. ‫ امراس‬amrās seasoned,
practiced, experienced, veteran
‫ مرسة‬marasa pl. ‫ امراس‬amrās rope,
cord, line; cable, hawser
‫ مراس‬mirās and ‫ مراسة‬marāsa strength,
power │ ‫ سھل المراس‬sahl al-m. tractable,
manageable, docile, compliant; ‫شديد المراس‬
or ‫( صعب المراس‬ṣa’b al-m. intractable,
unruly, refractory; ‫صعوبة المراس‬
intractability, unruliness, refractoriness,
recalcitrance
‫ مريسة‬marīsa a kind of beer
‫ مريسي‬marīsī hot south wind (eg.)
‫ ممارسة‬mumārasa pursuit, exercise,
practicing (of a profession); execution,
implementation; practical application;
practice; experience, routine; negotiation
‫ تمرس‬tamarrus practicing, practice (‫ب‬
of an activity, of a profession)
‫ مرسيليا‬marsīliyā Marseille (seaport in SE
France)
‫ مرسين‬marsīn myrtle (myrtus; bot.)
‫ مرش‬maraša u (marš) to scratch (‫ ھـ‬s.th.)
‫ مرشال‬maršāl (field) marshal
‫ مرص‬murṣ Morse (code)
‫ مرض‬mariḍa a (maraḍ) to be or become lick;
to fall ill, be taken ill II to make ill or sick
(‫ ه‬s.o.); to nurse, tend (‫ ه‬a sick person) IV
to make ill or sick (‫ ه‬s.o.) V to be infirm,
ailing, sickly, weak VI to feign illness,
malinger
‫ مرض‬maraḍ pl. ‫ امراض‬amrāḍ disease,
malady, ailment; illness, sickness │ ‫مرض‬
‫ البياض الدقيقي‬m. al-bayāḍī ad-daqīqī
mildew; ‫‘( مرض عصبي‬aṣabī) nervous
disease, neuropathy; ‫‘( مرض عقلي‬aqlī)
mental disease; ‫( مرض فحمي‬faḥmī) blight,
blast (of grain); ‫( مرض فرنجي‬firanjī)
syphilis; ‫( مرض معد‬mu‘din) contagious
disease; ‫( امراض باطنية‬bāṭinīya) internal
diseases; ٩٠٣ ‫( امراض سرية‬sirrīya)
venereal diseases; ‫( امراض صدرية‬ṣadrīya)
diseases of the chest, pulmonary diseases
‫ مرض‬murḍin see ‫رضي‬
‫ مرضى‬maraḍī relating to disease,
morbid, pathological, patho- (in
compounds)
‫ مريض‬marīḍ pl. ‫ مرضى‬marḍā, ‫مراضى‬
marāḍā sick, ill, ailing; diseased; unwell,
indisposed; sick person, patient │ ‫مريض‬
‫( نفسي‬nafsī) psychopath
‫ ممراض‬mimrāḍ sickly, in poor health,
ailing
‫ تمريض‬tamrīḍ sick-nursing
‫ ممرض‬mumarriḍ (male) sick nurse,
hospital attendant; ambulance man, first-
aid man; doctor’s assistant
‫ ممرضة‬mumarriḍa sick nurse, nurse (f.)
‫ متمرض‬mutamarriḍ sickly, in poor
health, ailing
‫ مرط‬marṭa u (marṭ) to tear out, pull out, pluck
out (‫ ھـ‬hair) II do. V to fall out (hair)
‫ مريط‬marīṭ and ‫ امرط‬amraṭ, f. ‫مرطاء‬
marṭā’, pl. ‫ مرط‬murṭ hairless
‫ مرع‬mara‘a a (mar‘) to rub over, anoint (‫ھـ‬
s.th.)
‫ مرع‬mar‘ pl. ‫ امرع‬amru’, ‫ امراع‬amrā‘
pasture
‫ مرعة‬mur‘a grease, oil
‫ مريع‬marī‘ fertile, productive (soil)
‫ ممراع‬mimrā‘ thriving, flourishing,
prosperous (city)
‫ مرغ‬II to roll (in the dust) (‫ ھـ‬s.th.); to rub over
(‫ ھـ‬s.th.); to rub (‫ ھـ‬s.th.) IV to soil, sully,
make dirty (‫ ھـ‬s.th.) V to roll, wallow
(esp., in the dust); to waver irresolutely
‫ مرغرين‬margarīn margarine
‫ مرفين‬murfīn morphine
‫ مرق‬maraqa u (‫ مروق‬murūq) to pierce,
penetrate (‫ من‬s.th. or s.o.; esp., of an
arrow), go or pass through (‫ ;)من‬to dart,
rush, shoot, or fly past, pass swiftly; to
hurry away, scamper away; to stray (e.g.,
of an arrow); to digress, deviate; to
renege, renounce (esp. ‫ من الدين‬the true
faith) │ ‫( مرق السھم‬sahmu) (lit.: the arrow
hal passed through, i.e.) the matter is
finished, done with. settled II to sing
‫ مرق‬maraq and ‫ مرقة‬maraqa broth,
bouillon; gravy
‫ مروق‬murūq straying, deviation;
apostasy, defection, desertion, disloyalty
‫ مروقي‬murūqī (tun.) nickname of
professional Koran reciters in Tunis; (tun.)
pallbearer
‫ مارق‬māriq pl. ‫ مراق‬murrāq, ‫مرقة‬
maraqa straying; apostate, renegade,
defector, turncoat, deserter; heretic
‫ ممارق‬mumāriq insolent, impudent
‫ مركز‬II tamarkaza to concentrate (‫ في‬on, at,
in); to settle, establish o.s. gain a footing,
take root; to consolidate one’s position; to
gravitate (to)
‫ مركزية‬،‫ مركز‬etc., see ‫ركز‬
‫ مركيز‬look up alphabetically
‫ تمركز‬tamarkuz concentration;
consolidation (of a position)
‫ مراكش‬marrākuš2, marrākiš2 Marrakech (city in
W Morocco); Morocco
‫ مراكشي‬marrākišī, marrākišī Moroccan
(adj. and n.)
‫ مركيز‬markīz marquis
‫( مرمتون‬Fr. marmiton) marmatōn and ‫مرمطون‬
pl. -āt kitchen boy, scullery boy
1
‫ مرمر‬marmara to be or become bitter; to
become angry II tamarmara to murmur,
mumble; to grumble 904
2
‫ مرمر‬marmar marble
‫ مرمري‬marmarī marble (adj.)
‫ مرمط‬marmaṭa (eg.) to spoil, damage (‫ ھـ‬s.th.)
‫ مرمطون‬see ‫مرمتون‬
‫ مرميس‬mirmīs rhinoceros
1
‫ مرن‬marana u (‫ مرانة‬marāna, ‫ مرون‬murūn,
‫ مرونة‬murūna) to be pliant, flexible,
ductile, elastic; -- (‫ مرون‬murūn, ‫مرانة‬
marāna) to be or become accustomed, get
used (‫ على‬to) II to train, drill (‫ ه‬s.o.); to
accustom, condition, season, inure (‫على ه‬
s.o. to), make (‫ ه‬s.o.) get used (‫ على‬to); V
to become accustomed, get used (‫ على‬to);
to exercise, practice (‫ على‬s.th.), train (‫على‬
in), be practiced, trained, experienced (‫على‬
in); to be drilled, drill
‫ مرن‬marin pliant, pliable, flexible,
bending; elastic; plastic; supple, limber,
lithe; ductile, extensible; yielding,
compliant
‫ مرانة‬marāna and ‫ مرونة‬murūna pliancy,
pliability, flexibility; elasticity; ductility;
plasticity; agility, nimbleness; resilience
‫ تمرين‬tamrīn pl. -āt, ‫ تمارين‬tamārīn2
exercise, practice, training; military
training, drill; practical experience;
expertness, skill; preparatory training,
(period of) probation, apprenticeship,
traineeship │ ‫( تمرين ابتدائي‬ibtidā’ī) basic
training; ‫ تمارين جندية‬jundīya) or ‫تمرينات‬
‫‘( عسكرية‬askarīya) military exercises,
maneuvers; O ‫ تمرين الزيادة‬coaching,
tutoring; extra drill (mil.); ‫تمرينات رياضية‬
(riyāḍīya) gymnastic exercises; ‫تحت التمرين‬
undergoing preparatory training, engaged
on probation (official, employee)
‫ مران‬mirān expertness, skill; exercise,
practice, drill, training; habituation, habit;
accustomedness; practical experience;
routine
‫ تمرن‬tamarrun exercise, practice,
training
‫ ممرن‬mumarrin trainer, coach;
instructor; drill sergeant
‫ ممرن‬mumarran practiced, seasoned,
experienced, trained, skilled (‫ على‬in);
accustomed, used (‫ على‬to)
‫ متمرن‬mutamarrin practiced, seasoned,
experienced, trained, skilled (‫ على‬in);
accustomed, used (‫ على‬to); probationer,
undergoing probation, probationary
2
‫ ماروني‬pl. ‫ موارنة‬look up alphabetically
1
‫ مرو‬marw Merv (present-day Mary, town in
Turkmen S.S.R.)
‫ مروي‬marwī, marawī native of Merv
2
‫ مرو‬marw (coll.; n. un. ‫ )ة‬pebble; flint
2
‫ مروة‬see ‫مروءة‬
2
‫ مرى‬III to wrangle, argue, dispute (‫ ه‬with s.o.;
to resist, oppose (‫ ه‬s.o.); to contest (‫في‬
s.th.) VIII to doubt (‫ في‬s.th.)
‫ مرية‬murya, mirya doubt, quarrel,
wrangle, argument, dispute
‫ مراء‬mirā’ quarrel, wrangle, argument,
dispute; doubt │ ‫( بال مراء‬bi-lā) or ‫ال مراء‬
(mirā’a) incontestable, indisputable,
unquestionable, undisputed, uncontested;
‫ ال مراء في ان‬it is an incontrovertible fact
that ..., unquestionably …
2
‫ مرايا‬pl. ‫ مرآة‬see ‫رأى‬
‫ مريم‬maryam2 Mary, Maria
‫ مريمية‬maryamīya sage (bot.)
‫مز‬mazza u (mau) to suck
‫ مز‬muzz sourish, acidulous
‫ مزة‬mazza pl. -āt and ‫ مازة‬māzza (eg.)
relishes, appetizers (taken with drink)
‫ مزج‬mazaja u (mazj, ‫ مزاج‬mizāj) to mix,
mingle, blend (‫ بين‬different things, ٩٠٥ ‫ب ه‬
s.th. with) III to form a mixture or
compound, be mixed, be blended, mix,
mingle, blend, combine (‫ ھـ‬with s.th.); to
adapt o.s. (‫ ه‬to s.o.), humor (‫ ه‬s.o.) VI to
intermix:, intermingle, interblend, be
intermixed, be intermingled VIII to be
mixed, be mingled, be blended, mix,
mingle, blend (‫ ب‬with)
‫ مزج‬mazj mixing, blending
‫ مزاج‬mizāj pl. ‫ امزجة‬amzija mixture,
medley, blend; temperament, temper,
nature, disposition; frame of mind, mood,
 humor, vein; physical constitution;
condition, (state of) health │ ‫مزاج دموي‬
(damawī) sanguine temperament; ‫مزاج‬
‫( سودوي‬saudawī) melancholic
‫ مس‬massa a (mass, ‫ مسيس‬masīs) to feel, finger,
temperament; ‫( مزاج صفراوي‬ṣafrāwī)
choleric (or bilious) temperament; ‫مزاج‬
‫( بلغمي‬balgamī) phlegmatic temperament;
‫‘( المزاج العام‬āmm) popular taste; ‫مزاج لطيف‬
delicate nature, weakly constitution; ‫محرور‬
‫ المزاج‬hot-tempered; ‫ منحرف المزاج‬munḥarif
al-m. unwell, indisposed, out of sorts; ‫ھذا‬
‫( ال يوافق مزاجي‬yuwājiqu) this is not to my
taste
‫ مزيج‬mazīj compounded, blended (‫من‬
of); mixture, medley, blend (‫ من‬of);
combination, compound, alloy
‫ تمازج‬tamāzuj intermixing,
intermingling, interblending. intermixture
‫ امتزاج‬imlizāj mixture, blend
‫ مزح‬mazaḥa a (mazḥ) to joke, jest,
make fun III to joke, make fun (‫ ه‬witb s.o.)
‫ مزح‬mazḥ, ‫ مزاح‬muzāḥ, mizāḥ and ‫مزاحة‬
muzāḥa joking, joke, jest, fun
‫ مزاح‬mazzāḥ and ‫ مازح‬māziḥ joker,
jester, buffoon, wag
‫ مزر‬mizr a kind of beer
‫ مزع‬maza‘a a (maz‘) to run, bound, tear along,
gallop along; to tear apart (‫ ھـ‬s.th.); to tear,
rip (‫ من ھـ‬s.th. off) II to pick, pluck (‫ ه‬wool
or cotton); to tear to pieces (‫ ھـ‬s.th.)
‫ مزعة‬muz‘a, miz‘a pl. ‫ مزع‬muza‘, miza‘
piece, bit, bite; flock of wool
‫ مزق‬mazaqa i (mazq) to tear, rend, rip apart (‫ھـ‬
s.th.) II to tear, rend, rip apart (‫ ھـ‬s.th.); to
tear up, tear to pieces, shred (‫ ھـ‬s.th.) V to
get torn, be rent; to be in shreds, get torn
to pieces; to burst open, tear, break, snap
‫ مزق‬mazq tearing, tearing up, rending;
tear, rent, rupture
‫ مزقة‬mizqa pl. ‫ مزق‬mizaq piece torn off,
shred
‫ تمزيق‬tamzīq tearing, rending,
shredding, fragmentation
‫ مزمز‬mazmaza to sip
‫ مزن‬muzn (coll.; n. un. ‫ة‬, pl. ‫ مزن‬muzan) rain
clouds
‫( مسترده‬It. mostarda) mustarda mustard
‫ مزية‬mazīya pl. ‫ مزايا‬mazāya and ‫ مازية‬māziya
pl. -āt advantage; privilege, prerogative;
excellence, superiority; merit, virtue
handle, palpate (‫ ه‬s.o., III s.th.); to touch (‫ه‬
s.o., ‫ ھـ‬s.th.); to violate (‫ ھـ‬s.th. sacred),
infringe (‫ ھـ‬upon); to cohabit (‫ ھـ‬with a
woman); to hit, befall (‫ ه‬s.o.; damage,
calamity) │ ‫( مسه بأذى‬bi-adan) or ‫مسه بسوء‬
(bi-sū’in) to harm, wrong, hurt s.o.; ‫مس‬
‫ بسوء الشيء‬to be injurious, damaging to
s.th., hurt, impair, prejudice s.th.; ‫مست‬
‫( الحاجة الى‬ḥājatu) circumstances require ...,
(it) is necessary, urgently needed; ‫مس لغما‬
(lugman) to hit a mine III to touch (‫ ه‬s.o.);
to be in touch, be in contact (‫ ه‬with s.o.)
VI to touch each other, be in mutual
contact
‫ مس‬mass touching, touch; contact;
misfortune, calamity; attack, fit (of a
disease) j insanity, madness, frenzy,
possession │ ‫ مس الحمى‬m. al-ḥummā attack
of 906 fever; ‫( اصابه مس من الجنون‬aṣābahū)
he has gone crazy
‫ مسة‬massa (n. vic.) touch
‫ مساس‬masās touching, feeling,
handling, fingering, palpation; violation (
‫ عن‬of), infringement, encroachments (‫ب‬
e.g., upon a right); connection, relation,
contact │ ‫ له مساس ب‬it is connected
with ..., it touches upon ..., it concerns; ‫فيما‬
‫ له مساس ب‬concerning ..., regarding ...
‫ مسيس‬masīs touching, touch │ ‫عند مسيس‬
should the necessity arise, if (or when)
necessary; ‫ ھو في مسيس الحاجة الى‬he is in
urgent need of ...
‫ مماسة‬mumāssa touching, tangency;
adjacency, contiguity; contact
‫ تماس‬tamāss (mutual) contact
‫ ماس‬māss tangent; touching, (‫ ب‬s.th.,
also fig., upon s.th.); adjacent, adjoining,
contiguous; urgent, pressing, important │
‫ حاجة ماسة‬urgent need, exigency; ‫الحاجة ماسة‬
‫ اليه‬it is urgently needed; ‫ماس كھربائي‬
(kahrabā’) short circuit
‫ ممسوس‬mamsūs touched; palpable,
tangible; mentally deranged, insane
‫ مماس‬mumāss tangent (math.)
‫ مستكه‬mistika = ‫مصطكاء‬
‫( مستلة‬It. mastello) mastilla pl. -āt tub
2
‫ مسح‬masaḥa a (masḥ) to stroke with the hand
(‫ ھـ‬s.th.); to wipe off, wipe away (‫ ھـ‬s.th.);
to rub off (‫ ھـ‬s.th.); to wash, wash off (‫ھـ‬
s.th.); to wipe out, blot out, erase (‫ ھـ‬s.th.);
to clean, polish (‫ ھـ‬s.th.); to smooth,
smooth with a plane, to plane (‫ ھـ‬s.th.); to
rub (‫ ب ه‬s.o. with); to anoint (‫ ب ه‬s.o.
with); to deprive, dispossess (‫ من ه‬s.o. of),
take away, withdraw (‫ من ه‬from s.o. s.th.);
-- (masḥ, ‫ مساحة‬misāḥa) to survey (‫ ھـ‬land,
estate, etc.), make a cadastral survey (‫ھـ‬
of) 0 to wipe off (‫ ھـ‬s.th.); to rub, anoint (‫ه‬
s.o.); to cajole, coax, wheedle, persuade (‫ه‬
s.o.); to Christianize (‫ ه‬s.o.) III to cajole,
coax, wheedle, persuade (‫ ه‬s.o.) V to wipe
o.s., wash o.s.; to provoke (‫ ب‬s.o.), pick a
quarrel (‫ ب‬with)
‫ مسح‬masḥ wiping, wiping off; cleaning;
robbing, embrocation; anointing,
anointment, (extreme) unction; land
survey
‫ مسح‬misḥ pl. ‫ مسوح‬musūḥ coarse woolen
fabric, haircloth, sacking; pl. hair shirt,
monastic garb, monk’s frock │ ‫لبست المسوح‬
labisat il-musūḥa to take the veil, become
a nun
‫ مسحة‬masḥa (n. vic.) a rubbing,
embrocation; anointing, anointment;
unction; tinge, shade, air, appearance,
veneer (fig.); trace. touch (of s.th.) │ ‫مسحة‬
‫ األرض‬extreme unction; ‫مسح المريض بالمسحة‬
to administer extreme unction to a sick
person
‫ مساح‬massāḥ land surveyor; bootblack,
shoeblack, shoeshine
‫ مساحة‬misāḥa pl. -āt plane, surface;
area; acreage; floor space; surface extent;
terrain sector (mil.); surveying, survey;
geodesy; cadastre │ ‫ مساحة األراضي‬m. al-
arāḍī land surface; area, acreage; ‫مساحة‬
‫( مائية‬mā’īya) area of water; ‫مصلحة المساحة‬
maṣlaḥa al-m. survey department, land
registry office
‫ مسيح‬masīḥ pl. ‫ مسحاء‬musaḥā’2, ‫مسحى‬
anointed; wiped, clean, smooth; ‫ المسيح‬the
Messiah, Christ
‫ مسيحي‬masīḥī Christian, Messianic; (pl.
-āt) a Christian │ ‫( الدين المسيحي‬dīn) the
Christian faith, Christianity
‫ المسيحية‬al-masīḥīya Christendom;
Christianity, the Christian faith
‫ ممسح‬mimsāḥ and ‫ ممسحة‬mimsaḥa pl.
‫ مماسح‬mamāsīḥ2 dust cloth, dish rag, floor
rag; doormat; scraper 907
‫ ماسح‬masḥ bootblack, shoeblack,
shoeshine
‫ ممسوح‬mamsūḥ wiped, wiped off, wiped
clean; cleaned; smoothed, planed;
polished; smooth; anointed; abraded, worn
(coin) │ ‫( ممسوح من المعنى‬ma‘nā) senseless,
meaningless, inane
3
‫ تمساح‬timsāḥ pl. ‫ تماسيح‬tamāsīḥ crocodile
(zool.)
‫ مسخ‬masaka a (mask) to transform (‫من – الى ه‬
s.o. from -- into), transmute, convert (‫ھـ‬
s.th.); to falsify, distort (‫ ھـ‬s.th.); to mar,
spoil (‫ ھـ‬s.th.)
‫ مسخ‬mask transformation,
metamorphosis; transmutation,
conversion; falsification, distortion,
misrepresentation; metempsychosis
‫ مسخ‬mask, misk pl. ‫ مسوخ‬musūk
transformed into an animal; misshapen,
deformed, disfigured; ugly, misshapen
midget; freak, monstrosity; monster
‫ مسخة‬maska (eg.) buffoon, harlequin,
clown
‫ مسيخ‬transformed; disfigured, defaced,
deformed, ugly; tasteless, insipid, stale
‫ ممسوخ‬mamsūk transformed; marred,
spoiled; disfigured, defaced, deformed,
ugly
‫ مسخر‬maskara to ridicule, mock, deride
(‫ ه‬s.o.) II tamaskara to make fun (‫ على‬of),
laugh (‫ على‬at)
‫ مسد‬II to massage (‫ اعضاءه‬a‘ḍā’ahū s.o.’s
limbs)
‫ مسد‬masad (coll.) pl. ‫ مساد‬misād, ‫امساد‬
amsād palm fibers, raffia
‫ تمسيد‬tamsīd massage
1
‫ ماسورة‬look up alphabetically
2
‫مسرى‬masrā the 12th month of the Coptic
calendar
‫( مسطرة‬It. mostra) masṭara pl. ‫ مساطر‬masāṭir2
sample, specimen; see also ‫سطر‬
‫ مسقط‬masqaṭ Masqat (seaport and capital of
Oman)
12
‫ مسك‬masaka u i (mask) to grab, grasp, clutch,
clasp, seize (‫ ب‬or ‫ ھـ‬s.th.), take hold ‫ ب‬or
‫ ھـ‬of); to hold, hold fast (‫ ب‬or ‫ ھـ‬s.th.); to
stick, cling, cleave, adhere, hang on (‫ ب‬to)
│ ‫( مسك الحسابات‬ḥisābāt) to keep the books,
keep the accounts; ‫( مسك‬daffata l-u.) to be
at the helm, be in charge; ‫مسك لسانه‬
(lisānanahū) to keep one’s tongue in
check II to scent with musk (‫ ھـ‬s.th.); to
have (‫ ه‬s.o.) seize or hold IV to seize, grip,
grasp, clasp, clutch, hold (‫ ب‬or ‫ ھـ‬s.th.); to
hold fast, grab (‫ ب‬or ‫ ه‬,‫ ھـ‬s.o., s.th., ‫من ه‬
s.o. by his hair, and the like); to hold back,
keep, detain, restrain (‫ ه‬,‫ ھـ‬s.o., s.th., ‫عن‬
from); to withhold, not to expend (‫ ھـ‬s.th.);
to refrain, abstain, keep, desist (‫ عن‬from),
forbear, cease, stop (‫ عن‬doing s.th.), keep
away, remain aloof (‫ عن‬from); to keep,
retain (‫ على نفسه ھـ‬s.th. for o.s.) │ ‫امسك عليك‬
(amsik) keep ...! ‫ امسك نفسه واقفا‬waqifan) to
hold o.s. upright; ‫( امسك بيده‬bi-yadihī) to
take s.o. by the hand; ‫( امسك يده‬yadahū) to
take s.o.’s hand; ‫ امسكت عن الصدور‬to stop
publication, fold up (newspaper); ‫امسك‬
‫( لسانه‬lisānahū) to keep one’s tongue in
check; ‫( امسك البطن‬baṭna) to constipate
(med.) V to hold on, hold fast (‫ ب‬to),
clutch (‫ ب‬s.th.); to stick, cling, cleave (‫ب‬
to); to hang on (‫ ب‬to), persist (‫ ب‬in); to
keep, adhere (‫ ب‬to s.th.); to rise (prices),
harden, firm up (quotations) │ ‫تمسك باھدافه‬
(bi-ahdābihī) to be most devoted to s.o.,
be at s.o.’s beck and call, be under s.o.’s
thumb; ‫تمسك بأھداب الشيء‬to adhere, cling to
s.th.; ‫( تمسك برأيه‬bi-ra’yihī) to stick to
one’s opinion VI to hold together, be
firmly connected, be interlocked; to
compose o.s., pull o.s. together; to remain
undaunted, remain calm, be 908
composed; to stay on one’s feet; to be in
full possession of one’s strength; to
refrain, abstain, keep (‫ عن‬from) X to keep,
stick, cling, adhere (‫ ب‬to); to grab, seize (
‫ ب‬s.th.); to refrain, abstain, keep (‫ عن‬from)
‫ مسك‬mask seizure, grip, hold; detention
│ ‫ مسك الدفاتر‬bookkeeping; ‫ مسك الحسابات‬m.
al-ḥisābāt keeping of accounts,
accountancy
‫ مسك‬maska pl. masakāt grip, hold
‫ مسك‬misk (m. and f.) musk │ ‫مسك الجن‬
m. al-jinn a variety of goosefoot
(Chenopodium Botrys; bot.); ‫ مسك الختام‬m.
al-kitām lit.: the concluding musk (i.e.,
with which, originally, a letter was finally
perfumed), the best following in the end,
the crowning touch
‫ مسكة‬miska a little, a touch, a glimpse, a
whiff (‫ من‬of)
‫ مسك‬musuk and ‫ مسكة‬musaka grasping,
greedy, avaricious
‫ مسكة‬muska pl. ‫ مسك‬musak handle; hold;
grip; handhold, support │ ‫ مسكة األمل‬m. al-
amal that to which hope clings
‫ مسكة‬muska, musuka and ‫ مساكة‬masāka,
misaka avarice
‫ مسكان‬muskān earnest money, pledge
‫ مساك‬misāk dam, weir; hem, border
‫ مسيك‬masīk tenacious; avaricious,
miserly; watertight, waterproof
‫ امساك‬imsāk seizure; restraint, detention,
check; stop, cessation; abstinence;
avarice; constipation (med.); time of the
day which marks the beginning of the
Ramadan fast
‫ امساكية‬imsākīya calendar of fasting
during the month of Ramadan
‫ تمسك‬tamassuk adherence; devotedness,
devotion, attachment; written
commitment, IOU; firming-up, or
consolidation, of the market, hardening of
quotations │ ‫ قانون التمسك‬legal moratorium,
moratory law (jur.)
‫ تماسك‬tamāsuk holding together,
cohesiveness; coherence; cohesion
(phys.); firmness, solidity; tenacity
‫ استمساك‬istimsāk adherence, loyalty (‫ب‬
to)
‫ ممسك‬mumassak musky, musk-scented,
perfumed
‫ ممسك‬mumsik holding, clutching,
grabbing; checking, restraining.
 withholding; economical, thrifty;
grasping, greedy, avaricious
‫ متمسك‬mutamassik holding fast, hanging
on, clinging, adhering; tenacious; firm,
solid
‫ متماسك‬mutamāsik holding together,
coherent, cohesive, hanging together,
firmly connected, interlocked; continuous,
uninterrupted; firm, solid; tenacious
‫ مستمسك‬mustamsik composed, calm
(mind)
2 metatarsus, instep (anat.); ‫ مشط اليد‬m. al-
‫ مسكاتي‬muskātī muscatel (wine)
‫ مسكن‬II tamaskana to become poor, be reduced
to poverty; to pretend to be poor; to feign
poverty or humility; to be submissive,
servile, slavish, fawning
‫ مسكنة‬maskana poverty, misery;
humbleness, humility, submissiveness
‫ مسكين‬miskīn pl. -ūn, ‫ مساكين‬masākīn 2
poor, miserable; beggar; humble,
submissive, servile
‫ مسو‬II to wish (‫ ه‬s.o.) a good evening │ ‫مساك ﷲ‬
‫ بالخير‬massāka llāhu bi-l-kair good
evening! III see ‫ صبح‬III; IV to enter into
evening; to be or become in the evening;
to be, become │ ‫يفعله اذا اصبح ويفعله اذا امسى‬
(aṣbaḥa) he does so in the morning and in
the evening 909
‫ مساء‬masā’ pl. ‫ امساء‬amsā’, ‫امسيات‬
amsīyāt evening; masā’an in the evening
│ ‫ مساء امس‬masā’a amsi yesterday
evening, last night; ‫ مساء الخير‬m. al-kair or
‫ مساؤكم بالخير‬good evening! ‫صباح مساء‬
ṣabāḥa masa’a mornings and evenings, in
the morning and in the evening
‫ مسائي‬masā’ī evening (adj.) │ ‫األخبار‬
‫ المسائية‬the evening news
‫ امسية‬umsīya pl. ‫ اماسي‬amāsīy evening
‫ مسورة = ماسورة‬look up alphabetically
‫ مسي‬masā i (masy) to make lean, cause to lose
flesh, emaciate (‫ ھـ‬livestock; of the heat)
‫( مسيو‬Fr. Monsieur) misyū Mr.; sir
‫ مش‬mašša u (mašš) to suck the marrow (‫ھـ‬
from a bone); to macerate, soak in water (
‫ ھـ‬s.th.)
‫ مش‬mišš whey
‫ مشوش‬mašūš napkin
‫ مشيج‬māšīj gamete, germ cell
‫ مشح‬mašaḥa a (mašḥ) to administer extreme
unction (‫ ه‬to s.o.)
‫ مشحة‬mašḥa extreme unction
‫ مشط‬mašaṭa u i (mašṭ) to comb II do. V and
VIII to comb one’s hair
‫ مشط‬mušṭ pl. amšāṭ, ‫ مشاط‬mišāṭ comb;
rake; bridge (of stringed instruments); O
(mil.) cartridge clip │ ‫ مشط الرجل‬m. ar-ril
yad metacarpus (anat.)
‫ مشطي‬mušṭī toothed, indented, jagged,
dentate; comblike, pectinate
‫ تمشيط‬tamšīṭ combing, carding (of wool)
‫ ماشط‬māšiṭ barber, hairdresser
‫ ماشطة‬māšiṭa lady’s maid; (woman)
hairdresser
‫ ممشط‬mumallal combed, carded (wool)
‫ مشق‬mašaqa u (mašq) to draw out, stretch,
extend (‫ ھـ‬s.th.); to comb (‫ ھـ‬s.th.); to tear,
tear up, shred (‫ ھـ‬s.th.); to whip, lash (‫ھـ‬
s.o.) V to be or get tom or shredded VIII
to snatch away, whip away (‫ من ھـ‬s.th.
from s.o.); to draw, unsheathe (‫ ھـ‬the
sword)
‫ مشق‬mašq pl. ‫ امشاق‬amšāq model,
pattern (esp., one to be copied in writing)
‫ مشق‬mišq slender, slim, svelte
‫ مشقة‬mišqa pl. ‫ مشق‬mišaq flock of wool
or cotton; rag, clout, shred; scrap of
carding wool; scrap of hemp, oakum
‫ مشيق‬mašīq slender, slim, svelte
‫ مشاق‬mušāq scrap of flax or hemp;
oakum, tow
‫ مشاقة‬mušāqa scrap of flax or hemp;
oakum, tow │ ‫ مشاقة حرير‬floss
‫ امتشاق‬imtišāq slenderness
‫ ممشوق‬mamšūq slender, slim, svelte │
‫( ممشوق كالحسام‬ka-1-ḥusām) slender as a
wand
‫ ماشك‬look up alphabetically
‫ مشلوز‬mišlauz sweet-kerneled apricot
‫ مشمش‬mišmiš (coll.; n. un. ‫ )ة‬apricot; apricot
tree │ ‫( مشمش كالبي‬kilābī) bitter-kerneled
apricot; ‫( )مشمش لوزي )حموي‬lauzī, ḥamawi)
sweet-kerneled apricot
‫ مشمال‬mušmullā, mišmilla medlar (bot.)
‫ مشملة‬mušmula, mišmila medlar (bot.)
‫ المشھد‬al-mašhad Meshed (city in NE Iran)
(‫ مشو‬and ‫ مشي( مشى‬mašā i (mašy) to go
on foot, walk; to go; to pace, stride; to
‫ مص‬maṣṣa (1st pers. perf. masistu) a and (1st
move along, proceed; to march │ ‫مشى‬
‫ بالنميمة‬to scatter slanderous rumors II to let
or make (‫ ه‬s.o.) go or walk; to adapt,
adjust, fit, accommodate (‫ مع ھـ‬s.th. to) III
to keep pace, keep in step (‫ ه‬with s.o.); to
go along, keep up, keep abreast (‫ ه‬،‫ ھـ‬with
s.o., with s.th.), keep to s.o.’s (٩١٠ (‫ ه‬side;
to be likeminded (‫ في ه‬with s.o. in s.th.), be
guided by the same consideration or
principles (‫ في ه‬as s.o. in s.th.), act in
unison (‫ في ه‬with s.o. in s.th.) IV = II; to
have an aperient effect (‫ ه‬on s.o.; med.) V
to go on foot, walk; to take a walk, to
stroll, promenade; to walk slowly, saunter;
to pass, move along, stride along; to keep
step, keep up, keep abreast, go along,
agree, harmonize, be compatible, be
-consistent, be in accordance, be in
keeping (‫ مع‬with), fit, suit (‫ مع‬s.th.), be
appropriate, correspond, come up (‫ مع‬to
s.th.); to proceed (‫ على‬in accordance with a
principle or method); to follow, observe (
‫ على‬a principle) │ ‫ تمشى في اوصاله‬approx.:
to perfuse s.o.’s limbs (of a sensation);
‫( تمشى جيئة وذھابا‬jī’atan wa-dahāban) to
walk back and forth, pace up and down
‫ مشو‬mašw a laxative, aperient
‫ مشى‬mašy going, walking; walk
‫ مشية‬mišya manner of walking, gait,
pace, step, bearing, carriage
‫ مشاء‬mašā’ pl. -ūn good walker; walker
(athlet.)
‫ مشاية‬mašāya pl. -āt long, narrow
carpet, runner; O baby walker, gocart;
hallway, corridor; footpath, path(way)
‫ ممشى‬mamšā pl. ‫ مماش‬mamāšin hallway,
corridor, passageway, passage; aisle;
footpath, path(way), alley; promenade;
crossing, overpass, bridge; bridge of a
ship; runner, small rug
‫ تمشيا مع‬tamaššiyan ma‘a (or ‫ )على‬in
conformity with, in accordance with,
according to
‫ ماش‬māšin pl. ‫ مشاة‬mušāh going,
walking; pedestrian; foot soldier,
infantryman; ‫ المشاة‬the infantry; ‫ماشيا‬
māšiyan on foot
‫ ماشية‬māšiya pl. ‫ مواش‬mawāšin
livestock, cattle
pers. perf. maṣaṣtu) u (maṣṣ) to suck, suck
up, soak up, suck in, absorb (‫ ھـ‬s.th.); to
sip, lap, lap up, lick up (‫ ھـ‬s.th.); to suck
out (‫ ھـ‬s.th.) V to sip gradually, drink in
small sips (‫ ھـ‬s.th.) VIII to suck, suck up,
suck in (‫ ھـ‬s.th.); to sip, lap, lap up, lick up
(‫ ھـ‬s.th.); to soak up, absorb, swallow up (
‫ ھـ‬s.th.)
‫ مص‬maṣṣ sucking, suction, suck,
sucking up, soaking up, soak, soakage,
absorption │‫ قصب المص‬qaṣab al-m. sugar
cane
‫ مصة‬maṣṣa (n. vic.) sucking, suck,
suction; sip
‫ مصاص‬maṣāṣ one who sucks, sucker;
cupper; bloodsucker, extortioner, usurer
‫ مصاصة‬muṣāṣa that which one sucks,
s.th. to suck │ ‫ مصاصة القصب‬m. al-qaṣab
sugar-cane refuse
‫ مصاصة‬maṣṣāṣa screech owl; vampire
‫ مصيص‬maṣīṣ moist, damp (ground)
‫ مصيص‬miṣīṣ string, twine, packthread
‫ ممص‬mimaṣṣ suction pipe, sucker; O
siphon
‫ امتصاص‬imtiṣāṣ sucking, suck, suction;
sucking up, soaking up, soak, soakage,
absorption │ ‫ قوة االمتصاص‬qūwat al-imt.
suction
‫ ممصوص‬mamṣūṣ soaked up; drained,
exhausted; emaciated, very lean, skinny
‫ ممتص‬mumtaṣ soaking up, absorbing;
absorbent, absorptive
‫ مصر‬II to found, build, settle, civilize, colonize
(‫ ھـ‬a place); to Egyptianize, make
Egyptian (‫ ھـ‬s.th.) V to become a
populated, civilized area, become a big
 city, a metropolis; to Egyptianize, adopt
Egyptian ways; to become an Egyptian
‫ مصر‬miṣr pl. ‫ امصار‬amṣār big city;
metropolis, capital; -- miṣr2, (colloq.) 911
maṣr Egypt; Cairo │ ‫ مصر القاھرة‬Cairo;
‫ مصر الجديدة‬Heliopolis (section of modern
Cairo)
‫ مصري‬miṣrī Egyptian; Cairene; (pl.
-ūn) an Egyptian; a Cairene, a native of
Cairo
‫ مصرية‬miṣrīya Egyptianism, Egyptian
national character; (pl. -āt) Egyptian
woman or girl
‫ مصير‬pl. ‫ امصرة‬amṣira, ‫ مصران‬muṣrān,
‫ مصارين‬maṣārīn2 gut; pl. bowels,
intestines, guts, tripe; see also under ‫صير‬
‫ تمصير‬tamṣīr settling, settlement,
colonization, civilization; Egyptianization
‫ متمصر‬mutamaṣṣir Egyptianized,
naturalized in Egypt
‫ مصطكاء‬maṣṭakā’, muṣṭakā’ and ‫مصطكى‬
maṣṭakā mastic, resin of the mastic tree
(Pistacia lenticus); liquor distilled from
mastic │ ‫ شجرة المصطكاء‬šajarat al-m.
mastic tree (Pistacia lenticus; bot.)
‫ مصل‬maṣala u to curdle (milk); to strain, filter
(‫ ھـ‬s.th.)
‫ مصل‬maṣl whey; (pl. ‫ مصول‬muṣūl)
serum (med.) │ ‫‘ علم المصول‬ilm al-m.
serology
‫ مصلي‬maṣlī serous (med.)
‫ مصمص‬maṣmaṣa to suck(‫ ھـ‬s.th.); to suck up,
soak up, absorb (‫ ھـ‬s.th.); to sip and turn
around in the mouth (‫ ھـ‬a liquid) II
tamaṣmaṣa to sip and turn around in the
mouth (‫ ھـ‬a liquid)
‫ مض‬maḍḍa u (maḍḍ, ‫ مضيض‬maḍīḍ) to
hurt, pain (‫ ه‬s.o.); to burn, sting (‫ ه‬s.o.); to
torment, harass, trouble, molest (‫ ب ه‬s.o.
with); -- (1st pen. perf. maḍiḍtu) a (‫مضض‬
maḍaḍ, ‫ مضيض‬maḍīḍ, ‫ مضاضة‬maḍāḍa) to
be in pain, feel pain, suffer; to be
distressed, worried, troubled IV to cause
pain (‫ ه‬to s.o.), hurt (‫ ه‬s.o.); to torment,
torture, agonize (‫ ه‬s.o.)
‫ مض‬maḍḍ pain, torment, torture,
anguish, agony; painful, burning, stinging,
smarting
‫ مضض‬maḍaḍ pain, suffering, torment,
torture, anguish, agony, affliction,
distress; sour milk │ ‫على مضض‬
unwillingly, reluctantly, grudgingly
‫ مضاض‬muḍāḍ brackish water, brine,
salt water
‫ مضاضة‬maḍāḍa agony, torture
‫ ممض‬mumiḍḍ agonizing, tormenting
‫ مضر‬maḍara, maḍura u and maḍira a (maḍr,
maḍar, ‫ مضور‬muḍūr) to turn sour (milk)
‫ مضر‬maḍir and ‫ ماضر‬māḍir sour (milk)
‫ لغة مضر‬lugat muḍara the language of
Mudar, the Arabic language
‫ مضغ‬maḍaga a u (maḍg) to chew (‫ھـ‬
s.th.) │ ‫( مضغ الكالم‬kalām) to slur, speak
indistinctly
‫ مضغ‬maḍg chewing, mastication
‫ مضغة‬muḍga pl. ‫ مضغ‬muḍag s.th. to be
chewed; bite, bit, morsel; small chunk of
meat; O embryo; O chewing gum │ ‫مضغة‬
‫( طيبة‬ṭayyiba) titbit; ‫جعله مضغة في األفواه‬
(ja‘alahū muḍgatan) to make s.o. the talk
of the town, send tongues wagging about
s.o.
‫ مضاغة‬muḍāga s.th. chewed, chew,
quid
‫ مضمض‬maḍmaḍa to rinse
‫ مضى‬maḍā i (muḍīy) to go away, leave, depart;
to make off, decamp, abscond; with ‫ ;ب‬to
take s.th. away, remove s.th.; to pass,
elapse, go by, expire, run out (time); to
advance, progress (‫ في‬in); to proceed (‫في‬
in or with s.th., also ‫)ب‬, continue (‫في‬, also
‫ب‬, s.th., to do s.th.), go on (‫ في‬doing s.th.);
to pursue, practice, exercise (‫ في‬s.th., also
‫ في مھنة‬fī mihnatin a profession); to
penetrate deeper, enter deeper, go deeper (
‫ في‬into s.th.); to 912 bring to an end, wind
up, terminate, conclude, accomplish, carry
out, execute, perform (‫ على‬s.th.); (with
imperf.) to set out to do s.th., proceed to
do s.th.; -- (‫ مضاء‬maḍā’) to be sharp, cut
(sword) │ ‫( مضى سبيله‬sabīlahū) to pass
away, die; ‫( مضى لسبيله‬li-sabīlihī) do.; ‫مضى‬
‫( على البيع‬bai‘) to conclude a bargain; ‫مضى‬
‫( على ذلك شھور‬šuhūrun) months have
passed since then; ‫( مضى في كالمه‬kalāmihī)
to go on talking; ‫ مضى ما مضى‬let bygones
be bygones! no more of that! ‫( فيما مضى‬fī-
mā) or ‫( فيما مضى من الزمان‬zamān) formerly,
previously, heretofore, once, before, in the
past; ‫ لم يمض غير قليل حتى‬lam yamḍi gairu
qalīlin ḥlattā it did not take long until ...,
before long ...; ‫ من سنة مضت‬min sanatin
maḍat one year ago; ‫ ومضى فقال‬and he
went on to say, and he added II to make
pass, cause to go by; to spend, pass (‫ھـ‬
time, ‫ في‬with s.th.) IV to spend, p (. time);
to carry out, execute, perform,
accomplish, conclude, terminate, wind up,
bring to an end (‫ ھـ‬s.th.); to pass, put
behind o.s. (‫ ھـ‬examination); to undersign,
sign (‫ ھـ‬s.th.) │ ‫( امضي امره على‬amrahu) to
throw one’s full support behind s.th.,
endorse s.th. wholeheartedly
‫ مضي‬muḍīy departure, leave; passing;
lapse, elapsing, expiration (of a period of
time); continuation (‫ في‬of s.th.); deeper
penetration, deeper insight (‫ في‬into);
carrying out, execution, pursuit (‫ في‬of an
intention, of a plan) │ ‫ مضي‬m. al-mudda
lapse of time, superannuation; ‫التمسك بمضي‬
‫( المدة‬tamassuk) usucapion, prescription
(jur.); ‫( على مضي الزمن‬m. iz-zaman)
lastingly, for long, permanently; ‫المضي في‬
‫( الحرب‬ḥarb) the continuation of the war
‫ مضاء‬maḍā’ sharpness, keenness;
penetration, sagacity, acute discernment;
energy │ ‫ مضاء المدة‬strength of purpose,
resolution, determination, energy, go
‫ امضى‬amḍā sharper, more incisive,
more effective
‫ تمضية‬tamḍiya execution, performance,
accomplishment, completion; spending,
passing (of time) │ ‫ تمضية الوقت‬t. al.waqt
pastime
‫ إمضاء‬imḍā’ realization, execution,
accomplishment, completion; signing,
signature │ ‫ صاحب اإلمضاء‬the undersigned
‫ ماض‬māḍin pl. ‫ مواض‬mawāḍin sharp,
keen, cutting; acute, penetrating, incisive,
effective; energetic; past, bygone; ‫الماضي‬
the past; past tense, perfect, preterit
(gram.) │ ‫ ماضي العزيمة‬resolute,
determined; ‫( الشھر الماضي‬šahr) last month
‫ ممض‬mumḍin signer, signatory
‫ مطرن‬maṭrana to raise to the rank of
‫ ممضى‬mumḍan undersigned, signed
‫ مط‬maṭṭa u (maṭṭ) to expand by pulling,
stretch, draw out (‫ ھـ‬s.th.); to draw tight,
tighten, tauten (‫ ھـ‬s.th.) II to expand,
stretch (‫ ھـ‬s.th.); to scold, revile, abuse (‫ه‬
s.o.) V to expand; to stretch; to distend,
widen, spread, lengthen; to be capable of
extension or lengthening, be expandable,
stretchable, elastic; to be rubberlike
‫ مط‬maṭṭ expansion, extension,
stretching, distention, lengthening,
drawing out
‫ مطاط‬maṭṭāṭ expandable, extensible,
stretchable, elastic; dilatory; rubbery,
rubberlike; rubber; caoutchouc
‫ تمطط‬tamaṭṭu expandability,
extensibility, elasticity
‫ مطر‬maṭara u to rain (‫مطرت السماء‬
maṭarat is-samā’ it rained); to shower
with rain (‫ ه‬s.o.; of the sky); to pour out (‫ب‬
‫ ه‬over s.o. s.th.), shower, douse (‫ ب ه‬s.o.
with); to do, render (‫ ه‬s.o., ‫ بخير‬bi-kairin a
good turn, a favor); to run swiftly (horse),
speed away IV to rain (of the sky); to
cause (‫ ھـ‬s.th.) to rain (‫ على‬upon); to
shower (‫ ب ه‬s.o. with 913 or ‫ ھـ على‬upon
s.o. s.th.), heap (‫ ب ه‬or ‫ ھـ على‬upon s.o.
s.th.) │ ‫( امطر عليه وابال‬wābilan) or ‫امطره‬
‫( بوابل منه‬bi-wābilin) he showered him with
a hail of (e.g., stones), with a rain of (e.g.,
blows), with a flood of (e.g., abuses,
threats), etc. X to ask for rain; to ask (‫من‬
or ‫ ه‬s.o.) a favor; to wish (‫ ھـ‬for s.th.),
desire (‫ ھـ‬s.th.); to invoke, call down (‫ھـ‬
‫ على‬upon s.o. s.th.)
‫ مطر‬maṭar pl. ‫ امطار‬amṭār rain │ ‫محطة‬
‫ لرصد األمطر‬maḥaṭṭa li-raṣd al·a. pluvio-
metrical station
‫ مطرة‬mṭra, maṭara pl. -āt downpour,
rain shower
‫ مطر‬maṭir and ‫ مطير‬maṭīr rainy,
abounding in rain
‫ ممطر‬mimṭar and ‫ ممطرة‬mimṭara pl.
‫ مماطر‬mamāṭir2 raincoat
‫ ماطر‬māṭir, rainy, abounding in rain
‫ ممطر‬mumṭir rainy, abounding in rain │
‫ مواسم ممطرة‬rainy seasons, periods of rain
metropolitan or archbishop, consecrate as
metropolitan or archbishop (‫ ه‬s.o.) II
 tamaṭrana to be instated or consecrated as
metropolitan (Chr.)
‫ مطران‬muṭrān, maṭrān, miṭrān pl. ‫مطارنة‬
maṭārina, ‫ مطارين‬maṭārīn2 metropolitan,
archbishop (Chr.)
‫ مطرنة‬maṭrana dignity or office of a
metropolitan, metropolitanate,
archiepiscopate (Chr.)
‫ مطرنية‬maṭranīya, ‫ مطرانية‬muṭrānīya pl.
-āt diocese of a metropolitan,
archbishopric, archdiocese (Chr.)
‫ مطق‬V to smack one’s lips
‫ مطل‬maṭala u (maṭl) to draw out, lengthen,
extend, stretch (‫ ھـ‬s.th.); to stretch (‫ ھـ‬a
rope); to hammer, forge, shape by
hammering (‫ ھـ‬iron); to postpone, defer,
delay; to put off (‫ ب ه‬s.o. with) III to tarry,
temporize, take one’s time; to put off (‫ب ه‬
s.o. with)
‫ مطول‬maṭūl deferring, delaying,
procrastinating, tardy, dilatory, slow
2
‫ مطيلة‬maṭīla pl. ‫ مطائل‬maṭā’il wrought
iron
‫ مماطلة‬mumāṭala postponement,
deferment, procrastination, delay
‫ )مطا )مطو‬maṭā u (maṭw) to quicken one’s
pace, hurry, walk fast IV to mount (‫ ھـ‬an
animal); to ride (‫ ھـ‬on an animal) V to
stretch o.s., loll; to stretch (‫ ب‬s.th., one’s
body, one’s limbs); to walk, proudly, strut,
swagger VIII to mount (‫ ھـ‬an animal); to
board (‫ ھـ‬a vehicle), get in (‫)ھـ‬, get aboard
(‫ ;)ھـ‬to ride (‫ ھـ‬on an animal, in a vehicle)
‫ مطوة‬maṭwa hour, time, moment
‫ مطية‬maṭīya pl. ‫ مطايا‬maṭāyā, ‫ مطي‬maṭīy
mount, riding animal; expedient, means to
an end, instrument, tool
‫ مع‬ma’a (prep.) with, simultaneously
with, together with, accompanied by, in
the company of; in the estimation, eyes, or
opinion of; in spite of, despite; toward, in
relation to; ‫ معا‬ma’an together; at the same
time, simultaneously; with one another │
‫ مع ان‬although; ‫ ومع ان – إال ان‬wa-ma‘a
anna -- illā anna although -- nevertheless,
to be sure -- but ..., it is true -- but ; ‫مع ذلك‬
or ‫ مع ھذا‬in spite of it, nevertheless,
notwithstanding, still; ‫ مع كل ھذا‬in spite of
all that; ‫( مع كونه غنيا‬kaunihī ganīyan)
although he is rich, for all his being rich,
rich as he is; ‫( ليس مع الحكومة‬laisa) he is not
for the government, he doesn’t side with
the government; ‫ مع الحائط‬along the wall;
‫ كان معه‬it was with him, he had it with him;
‫ ما معكم‬what do you have with you? what
have you brought along? what’s 914 up
your sleeves? ‫( الست معي في ان‬alasta) don’t
you also think that ...? wouldn’t you share
my view that ‫استعمل وسائل القسوة معه‬
ista‘mala wasā’il l-qaswati ma‘ahū he
brought harsh measures to bear on him
‫ معية‬ma‘īya company; escort; suite,
retinue, entourage, attendants │ ‫بمعية )في‬
‫ معية( فالن‬in the company of so-and-so;
‫ بمعية ھذا‬herein enclosed, herewith
‫ معج‬V to wind, meander
‫ مع‬pass. mu‘ida to have a gastric ailment,
suffer from dyspepsia, have a
stomachache
‫ معدة‬ma‘ida, mi‘da pl. ‫ معد‬mi’ad
stomach
‫ معدى‬ma‘dī, mi‘dī of or pertaining to the
stomach, gastric, stomachic │ ‫امراض معدية‬
gastric diseases; ‫( حمى معدية‬ḥummā) gastric
fever
‫ ممعود‬mam‘ūd suffering from a gastric
disease, dyspeptic
‫ معر‬ma‘ira a (ma‘ar) to fall out (hair) IV to
become poor, impoverished, be reduced to
poverty V = I
‫ معار‬ma‘ār (eg.) braggart, braggadocio,
swaggerer
‫ معز‬ma‘z, ma‘az (coll.; n. un. ‫ )ة‬pl. ‫ امعز‬am‘uz,
‫ معيز‬ma‘īz goat
‫ ماعز‬mā‘iz pl. ‫ مواعز‬mawā‘iz2 goat
‫ معاز‬ma‘‘āz goatherd
‫ معس‬ma‘asa a (ma‘s) to rub (‫ ھـ‬s.th.); to
squash, crush (‫ ھـ‬s.th.)
‫ معض‬ma‘aḍa a (ma‘ḍ) and VIII to be annoyed
(‫ على‬by), be angry (‫ من‬at), resent (‫ من‬s.th.)
‫ امتعاض‬imti‘āḍ anger, resentment,
annoyance, displeasure; excitement,
agitation
‫ ممتعض‬mumta‘iḍ annoyed, vexed,
angry; upset, excited
‫ معط‬ma‘aṭa a (ma‘ṭ) to tear out, pull out, pluck
out (‫ ھـ‬hair, feathers)
‫ معط‬ma‘iṭ and ‫ امعط‬am‘aṭ2, f. ‫معطاء‬
ma‘ṭā‘, pl. ‫ معط‬mu‘ṭ hairless, bald
‫ معك‬ma‘aka a (ma‘k) to rub (‫ ھـ‬s.th.)
‫ معكرونه‬ma‘karūna macaroni
1
‫ معمعة‬ma‘ma‘a pl. ‫ معامع‬ma‘āmi‘2 confusion,
jumble, mess, tohubohu; tumult, uproar;
turmoil; pl. wars, battles
‫ معمعان‬ma‘ma‘ān raging, roar (of a
storm), turmoil, thick (of a battle), height,
climax (of heat and cold) │ ‫معمعان الصيف‬
m. aṣ-ṣaif high summer; ‫معمعان الشتاء‬
deepest winter
2
‫ معمعي‬IV to apply o.s. assiduously, devote all
one’s efforts (‫ في‬to s.th.); to be keen,
intent (‫ في‬on), be eager (‫ في‬for); to
examine closely, study carefully,
scrutinize (‫ في‬s.th.); to go to extremes (‫في‬
in s.th.), overdo, carry too far (‫ في‬s.th.) │
‫( امعن النظر في‬naẓara) to fix one’s eyes on
s.th., regard s.th. attentively, examine s.th.
closely, scrutinize s.th. V to become
engrossed or absorbed, bury o.s. (‫ في‬in),
regard attentively, examine carefully (‫ في‬s.
th.), look closely (‫ في‬at s.o., at s.th.),
scrutinize (‫ في‬s.o., s.th.)
‫ ماعون‬mā‘ūn pl. ‫ مواعين‬mawā‘īn
implement, utensil, instrument; vessel,
receptacle, container; (coll.) implements,
utensils, gear; (syr.) ream of paper
‫ ماعونة‬mā‘ūna pl. -āt, ‫ مواعين‬mawā‘īn2
(eg.) lighter, barge
‫ امعان‬im‘ān and ‫ امعان النظر‬i. an-naẓar
close examination, careful study, scrutiny
(‫ في‬of s.th.); ‫ امعان‬devotion (‫ في‬to s.th.),
care, carefulness, assiduity, diligence,
attentiveness, attention 915
‫ تمعن‬tama‘‘un close examination,
careful study, scrutiny; care, carefulness │
‫ بتمعن‬carefully
‫ )معا )معو‬ma‘ā u (‫ معاء‬ma‘ā’) to mew, miaow,
(cat)
1
‫ معى‬mi‘an, ma‘y and ‫ معاء‬mi‘ā’ pl. ‫امعاء‬
am‘ā’, ‫ امعية‬am‘īya gut; intestines, bowels,
entrails │ ‫ األمعاء الدقيقة‬the small intestine;
‫ المعى الغليظ‬the large intestine
‫ معوي‬mi‘awī of or pertaining to the
intestines, intestinal; enteric │ ‫الحمى المعوية‬
(ḥummā) typhoid fever, enteric fever,
abdominal typhus
2
‫ معية‬ma‘īya see ‫مع‬
‫ مغاث‬mugāt (eg.) root of Glossostemon
Bruguieri (bot.)
‫ مغر‬magar and ‫ مغرة‬mugra reddish, russet
color
‫ امغر‬amgar2 reddish brown, russet
‫ مغربة‬magraba (mor.) Moroccanization
‫ مغص‬magṣa to cause gripes; pass. mugiṣa
(mag.) to have gripes or colic, suffer from
colic
‫ مغص‬magṣ, magaṣ and ‫ مغيص‬magīṣ,
gripes; colic │ ‫( مغص كلوى‬kulwī) renal
colic
‫ ممغوص‬mamgūṣ, suffering from colic;
having gripes
‫ مغط‬magaṭa a (magṭ) to stretch, extend,
expand, draw, out II do.
‫ متمغط‬mutamaggiṭ stretchable, elastic
(rubber); tough, viscous, ropy, sticky
‫ مغطس‬magṭasa to magnetize, make magnetic,
subject to magnetic induction (‫ ھـ‬s.th.) II
tamagṭasa to be magnetized, become
magnetic
‫ مغطسة‬magṭasa magnetism
‫ ممغطس‬mumagṭas magnetized,
magnetic
‫ خشب المغنة‬kašab al-mugna, ‫ خشب المغنى‬k. al-
mugnā mahogany (wood)
‫ مغنط‬magnaṭa to magnetize, subject to
magnetic induction (‫ ھـ‬s.th.)
‫ مغنطيس‬mignaṭīs, magnaṭīs magnet │ O
‫( مغنطيس كھربائي‬kahrabā’ī) electromagnet
‫ مغناطيس‬mignāṭīs, magnāṭīs. magnet;
magnetism
‫ مغنطيسي‬mignaṭīsī magnetic; hypnotic
‫ مغنطيسية‬mignāṭīsīya and ‫مغناطيسية‬
magnetism
‫ مغنيسيا‬magnīsiyā magneoio
‫ المغول‬al-mugūl the Mongols; the Moguls │ ‫بالد‬
‫ المغول‬Mongolia
 ‫ مغولي‬mugūlī Mongolian
‫ مقت‬maqata u (maqt) to detest, abhor, loathe,
hate (‫ ه‬s.o., ‫ ھـ‬s.th.); -- maquta u (‫مقاتة‬
maqāta) to be abominable, detestable,
loathsme, hated, odious II maqata; to
make (‫ ه‬s.o.) hateful (‫ الى‬to s.o.), make s.o.
(‫ )الى‬loathe (‫ ه‬s.o.)
‫ مقت‬maqt hate, hatred, detestation,
loathing, aversion, disgust ; hateful,
odious
‫ مقيت‬maqīt and ‫ ممقوت‬mamqūt hated,
detested; hateful, odious; detestable,
abominable, loathsome, repugnant,
disgusting
‫ مكروب‬mikrūb pl. -āt, ‫ مكاريب‬makārīb2 microbe
‫ مقدونس‬maqdūnis parsley
‫ مكررونه‬makarūna macaroni
‫ مقدوني‬maqdūnī Macedonian (adj. and n.)
‫ مكس‬makasa i (mail) and II to collect taxes III
‫ مقع‬maqa’a a (maq’) to drink avidly, toss
down (‫ ھـ‬s.th.) VIII pass. umtuqi’a to turn
pale
‫ ممقتع‬mumtaqa’ pale, pallid, wan,
sallow
‫ مقل‬maqala u (maql) to look (‫ ه‬at s.o.), eye,
regard (‫ ه‬s.o.)
‫ المكسيك‬al-maksīk Mexico
‫ مقلة‬muqla pl. ‫ مقل‬muqal eye; eyeball │
‫ مقلة العين‬m. al-’ain eyeball 916
□ ‫ مقانق‬maqāniq (= ‫ )نقانق‬small mutton
sausages (syr.)
‫ مكة‬makka2 (usually followed by the epithet
‫ المكرمة‬al-mukarrama) Mecca
‫ مكي‬makkī Meccan (adj. and n.)
‫ مكوك‬makkūk pl. ‫ مكاكيك‬makākik2
drinking cup; shuttle
‫ ماكوك‬mākūk pl. ‫ مواكيك‬mawākik2
drinking cup; shuttle
‫ مكث‬makata u (makt, ‫ مكوث‬mukūt) to remain,
abide, stay, live, dwell, reside (‫ ب‬in a
place)
‫ مكث‬makt and ‫ مكوث‬mukūt remaining,
staying, lingering, abiding; stay, sojourn
‫ مكوجي‬see ‫كوى‬
‫( مكدام‬Engl.) makadām macadam
‫ مكدوني‬makdūnī Macedonian (adj. and n.)
‫ مكدونيا‬makdūniyā Macedonia
‫ مكر‬makara u (makr) to deceive, delude, cheat,
dupe, gull, double-cross (‫ ب‬s.o.) III to try
to deceive (‫ ه‬s.o.)
‫ مكر‬makr cunning, craftiness, slyness,
wiliness, double-dealing, deception,
trickery
‫ مكرة‬makra ruse, artifice, stratagem,
wile, trick, dodge
‫ مكار‬makkār and ‫ مكور‬makūr cunning,
sly, crafty, wily, shrewd, artful; sly, crafty
person, impostor, swindler
‫ ماكر‬mākir pl. ‫ مكرة‬makara sly, cunning,
wily
to haggle, bargain (‫ ه‬with s.o.)
‫ مكس‬maks pl. ‫ مكوس‬mukūs tax, specif.,
excise or sales tax; toll, custom, duty,
impost; market dues │ ‫ دار المكوس‬custom-
house
‫ مكاس‬makkās tax collector
‫ المكى‬Mukalla (seaport in Aden Protectorate,
chief town of Hadhramaut)
1
‫ مكن‬makuna u (‫ مكانة‬makāna) to be or
become strong; to become influential, gain
influence, have influence (‫ عند‬with s.o.),
have power II to make strong or firm,
consolidate, strengthen, cement, establish
firmly, deepen (‫ ھـ‬s.th.); to lend weight (‫ھـ‬
to s.th.); to put down or set down firmly (
‫ ھـ‬s.th.), give (‫ ھـ‬s.th.) a firm stance; to put
(‫ ه‬s.o.) in a position (‫ من‬to do s.th.), give (‫ه‬
s.o.) the possibility (‫ من‬to do s.th.), enable
(‫ من ه‬s.o. to do s.th.), make possible (‫من ه‬
for s.o. s.th.); to place (‫ من‬s.th.) in s.o.’s (‫)ه‬
hands; to furnish. provide (‫ من ه‬s.o. with);
to give or lend a firm position (‫ ل‬to s.o. to
s.th.); to give power (‫ في ل‬to s.o. over) IV
to enable (‫ من ه‬s.o. to do s.th.); to be
possible, feasible (‫ ه‬for s.o.) │ ‫يمكنه‬
yumkinuhū he can (‫ ان‬do s.th.); ‫ يمكن ان‬it is
possible that ...; it may be that ...,
possibly ..., perhaps ..., maybe …; ‫اكثر ما‬
‫( يمكن‬aktara) as much as possible; ‫ ال يمكن‬it
is impossible V to have or gain influence,
weight, or prestige (‫ عند‬with s.o.), have or
gain power; to be native, indigenous,
resident; to gain ground; to spread; to be
consolidated, firmly established; to
consolidate, strengthen, gain in strength;
to seize (‫ من‬on s.th.), possess o.s., take
possession (‫ من‬of s.th.); to have command
or mastery (‫ من‬of s.th.), command, muter (
‫ من‬s.th.); to be in a position, be able (‫ من‬to
do s.th.), be capable (‫ من‬of), have the
power (‫ من‬to do s.th.) X to consolidate,
strengthen, deepen, become firmly
established, establish itself; to seize (‫ من‬on
s.th.), possess o.s., take possession (‫ من‬of);
to have 917 command or mastery (‫ من‬of
s.th.), command, master (‫ من‬s.th.); to be
able (‫ من‬to do s.th.), be capable (‫ من‬of)
‫ مكنة‬mukna, makina power, ability,
capacity, capability, faculty; possibility;
strength, firmness, solidity, intensity,
force, vigor
‫ مكان‬pl. ‫ اماكن‬,‫ امكنة‬and ‫ مكانة‬see ‫كون‬
‫ مكين‬makīn pl. ‫ مكناء‬mukanā’2 strong,
firm, solid; firmly established,
unshakable; deep-seated, deep-rooted,
deeply ingrained, inveterate (feeling);
influential, distinguished, of note, of rank,
respected; powerful, potent
‫ امكن‬amkan2 see ‫متمكن‬
‫ تمكين‬tamkīn strengthening,
consolidation, cementation; deepening,
intensification; fixation, establishment;
enabling, enablement, capacitation; livery
of seizing, investiture (Isl. Law)
‫ امكان‬imkān power, capacity, capability;
faculty, ability; possibility │ ‫ بقدر اإلمكان‬bi-
qadri l-i. or ‫ على قدر اإلمكان‬as much as
possible, as far as possible; ‫عدم اإلمكان‬
‘adam al-i. impossibility; ‫ عند اإلمكان‬when
(if) possible, possibly; ‫ في امكانه ان‬it is in
his power, he is in a position to ...; ‫ھو في‬
‫ اإلمكان‬it is in the realm of possibility; ‫ليس‬
‫ في اإلمكان‬it is impossible, unthinkable,
inconceivable
‫ امكانية‬imkānīya pl. -āt possibility; O
potential (phys.)
‫ تمكن‬tamakkun power, authority,
control, mastery, command; ability,
capability,
faculty; restraint, self-control, self-
possession (also ‫)تمكن من النفس‬
‫ ماكن‬mākin strong, firm, solid, lasting,
enduring
‫ ممكن‬mumkin possible; thinkable,
conceivable │ ‫ غير ممكن‬impossible; ‫من‬
‫ المكن ان‬possibly, perhaps, maybe
‫ ممكنات‬mumkināt possibilities
‫ متمكن‬mutamakkin an adept, a
proficient, a master; strengthened,
cemented; firmly established, firmly
fixed; consolidated; deep-rooted, deep-
seated, deeply ingrained, inveterate;
lasting, enduring; declinable (gram.) │
‫( متمكن امكن‬amkan2) declinable with
nunnation, triptote (gram.); ‫متمكن غير امكن‬
(gairu amkana) declinable in two cases,
diptote (gram.); ‫ غير متمكن‬indeclinable
(gram.); ‫( متمكن في جلسته‬jalsatihī) firmly
seated
2
‫ مكنة‬makina and ‫ ماكينة‬mākīna pl. -āt and ‫مكائن‬
makā’in2 machine
‫ مكنى‬makanī mechanical
‫ مكوجي‬see ‫كوى‬
2
‫ مل‬malla (1st pers. perf. maliltu) a (‫ ملل‬malal,
‫ مالل‬malāl, ‫ ماللة‬malāla) to be or become
weary, tired, bored, impatient; to tire,
become tired (‫ ھـ‬of s.th.), become fed-up (
‫ ھـ‬with) │ ‫ ال يمل‬indefatigable, untiring,
unflagging IV to be tiresome, irksome,
wearisome, boring, tedious, vexatious; to
vex, annoy, irritate (‫ على‬or ‫ ه‬s.o.); (= ‫)املى‬
to dictate (‫ على ه‬s.th. to s.o.) V to be
wearied, fed-up; to be bored; to be
restless, fidgety; to embrace a religion (‫ملة‬
millatan) VIII to embrace a religion (‫ملة‬
millatan)
‫ مل‬mall weary, tired, fed-up; bored
‫ ملة‬malla hot ashes, live embers
‫ ملة‬milla pl. ‫ ملل‬milal religious
community; religion, creed, faith,
confession, denomination
‫ ملى‬millī religious, confessional,
denominational │ ‫( مجلس ملي‬majlis) court
of justice of a religious minority (in Egypt
abolished since 1956)
‫ ملة‬mulla pl. ‫ ملل‬mulal basting stitch,
tacking stitch; spring mattress
 ‫ ملل‬malal and ‫ مالل‬malāl tiredness,
boredom, ennui; listlessness, weariness;
annoyance, irritation, vexation 918
‫ مالل‬mulāl morbid unrest, restlessness
fidgetiness, feverishness
‫ ماللة‬malāla weariness, boredom;
impatience; ennui, tedium
‫ ملول‬malūl tired, wearied, bored; weary,
fed-up, disgusted
‫ ملى‬mullā bread baked in hot ashes
‫ مملول‬mamlūl offensive, disgusting
‫ ممل‬mumill tiresome, tedious, boring,
wearisome, irksome, loathsome,
disagreeable
2
‫ مل‬mill pl. -āt (formerly) the smallest
monetary unit in Palestine and Jordan,
1/1000 of a Palestinian pound
‫ مأل‬mala’a a (‫ ملء‬mal’, ‫ مألة‬mal’a, mil’a) to
fill, fill up (‫ ب‬or ‫ من‬or ‫ ھـ ھـ‬s.th. with); to
fill out (‫ ھـ‬a form, a blank); to take up, fill,
occupy (‫ ھـ‬space); to fill (‫ ھـ‬a vacancy) │
‫( مأل الدھر‬dahra) his (its) fame spread far
and wide; ‫( مأل الساعة‬sā‘ata) to wind up a
watch or clock; ‫( مأل شدقيه بالھواء‬šidqaihi bi-
l-hawā’) to puff one’s cheek.; ‫مأل العين‬
(‘aina) to satisfy completely, please; ‫مأل‬
‫( الفضاء بالشكوى‬faḍā’a bi-š-šakwā) to fill the
air with complaints, voice loud laments;
‫( مأل فاه ب‬fāhu) to talk big about ..., shoot
off one’s mouth about ...; -- ‫ ملئ‬mali’a to
be or become filled, filled up, full, replete
III to help, assist, support, back up (‫على ه‬
s.o. in), side (‫ ه‬with s.o.); to make
common cause, join forces (‫ على ه‬with s.o.
against) IV to fill (‫ ھـ‬s.th., also a vacancy)
V to till, become full; to be filled (‫ ھـ‬or ‫من‬
with), be full (‫ ھـ‬or ‫ من‬of) VIII to fill,
become full; to be filled (glass; pass.); to
be filled (‫ من‬،‫ ھـ‬or ‫ ب‬with s.th., ‫ ھـ‬also with
a feeling), be full (‫ من‬،‫ ھـ‬or ‫ ب‬of, ‫ ھـ‬also of
a feeling); to fill (‫ ھـ‬s.th.); to fill up (‫ھـ‬
s.th.); to imbue, fill (‫ ه‬s.o., ‫ ھـ‬with a
feeling)
‫ ملء‬mal’ filling (also, e.g., of
vacancies); filling out
‫ ملء‬mil’ pl. ‫ امالء‬amlā’ filling, quantity
which fills s.th., fill; quantity contained in
s.th. │ ‫ ملء اھابه الكبرياء‬m. ihābihī l-
kibriyā’u he is all pride and arrogance; ‫ملء‬
‫ بطنه‬m. baṭnihī as much as one can eat,
one’s fill; ‫ ملء القدح‬m. qadaḥin a cupful;
‫ ملء اليد‬m. al-yad a handful; ‫ ملء كسائه‬m.
kisā’ihī corpulent fat; ‫ بملء الفم‬bi-m. il-fam
in a loud voice; ‫ بملء فيه‬bi-mil’i fīhi with a
ring of deep conviction (with verbs like
“say”, “declare”, “exclaim”, etc.); loudly,
at the top of one’s voice or one’s lungs
(with verbs like “shout”, “cry”, etc.); ‫ضحك‬
‫ بملء )ملء( شدقيه‬ḍaḥika bi-mil’i (or mil’a)
šidqaihj to grin from ear to ear; ‫قال بصوت‬
‫( ملؤه الشفقة‬bi-ṣautin mil’uhū ā-šafaqatu) he
said in a voice full of mercy ...; ‫لي ملء‬
‫( الحرية في‬m. ul-ḥurrīya) I have complete
freedom to ..., I am completely at liberty
to ...; ‫( ملء‬mauqilan mil'uhil
I-ilium) he ....umed a posture that w...
all determination; ‫( انت ملء حياتي‬ḥayātī)
you are all my life; ‫( ينام ملء جفنيه‬mil’a
jafnaihi) he is sound asleep, he sleeps the
sleep of the just
‫ مأل‬mala’ pl. ‫ امالء‬amlā’ crowd,
gathering, assembly, congregation;
audience; (general) public; council of
elders, notables, grandees │ ‫على المأل‬
publicly, in public; ‫( على مأل العالم‬m.
il-‘ālam) for everyone to see, before all
the world; ‫( المأل األعلى‬a‘lā) the heavenly
host, the angels
‫ مالءة‬mulā’a, □ ‫ مالية‬milāya pl. -āt wrap
worn by Egyptian women; sheet, bed
sheet
‫ مليئ‬،‫ مليء‬malī’ full (‫ ب‬of), filled,
replete (‫ ب‬with); bulging, swelling (‫ب‬
with); plump; stout, fat, corpulent, obese;
rich, abounding (‫ ب‬in); well-to-do,
wealthy; solvent │ ‫ مليء البدن‬m. al-badan
stout, fat, corpulent 919
‫ مآلن‬mal’ān, f. ‫ ملألى‬mal’ā or ‫ مآلنة‬pl.
‫ مالء‬milā’ full, filled, replete; plump, fat
‫ مماألة‬mumāla’a partiality, bias;
collaboration (pol.)
‫ امالء‬imlā’ filling (also, e.g., of a
vacancy)
‫ امتالء‬imtilā’ repletion, fullness; full,
round form, plumpness; bulkiness;
fatness, stoutness, corpulence
‫ مملوء‬mamlū’ filled, filled up; imbued;
loaded
 ‫ ممالئ‬mumāli’ partial, biased,
prejudiced; collaborator (pol.)
‫ ممتلئ‬mumtali’ full, filled, filled up,
replete │ ‫ ممتلئ الجسم‬m. al-jism stout, fat,
corpulent
‫ مالريا‬malāriyā malaria
‫ ماليو‬malāyū, ‫ جزر الماليو‬juzur al-m. the
Malayan Archipelago
‫ ملج‬malaja u (malj) to suck (‫ ھـ‬the mother’s
breast) VIII to suck
‫ مالج‬mālaj pl. ‫ موالج‬mawālij2 trowel
‫ ملح‬malaḥa u a and maluḥa u (‫ ملوح‬mulūḥ,
‫ ملوحة‬mulāḥa, ‫ مالحة‬malāḥa) to be or
become salt(y); -- maluḥa u (‫ مالحة‬malāḥa,
‫ ملوحة‬mulūḥa) to be beautiful, handsome,
pretty, comely, nice, elegant II to salt,
season with salt (‫ ھـ‬s.th.); to salt away, salt
down, preserve with salt, com, cure (‫ھـ‬
s.th.) IV to be salt(y) X to find (‫ ھـ‬s.th.)
beautiful, pretty, nice, or witty
‫ ملح‬milḥ m. and f., pl. ‫ امالح‬amlāḥ, ‫مالح‬
milāḥ salt; gunpowder; witticism,
wittiness, wit, esprit │ ‫ ملح انكليزي‬bitter
salt, Epsom salt; ‫ ملح البارود‬m. al-bārūd
saltpeter; gunpowder; ‫ ملح النشادر‬m. an-
nušādir sal ammoniac, ammonium
chloride; ‫( امالح معدنية‬ma‘dinīya) mineral
salts
1
‫ ملحي‬milhī salt, salty, saline
‫ ملحة‬milḥa bond, obligation,
commitment, covenant
‫ ملحة‬mulḥa pl. ‫ ملح‬mulaḥ funny story,
anecdote, bon mot, witticism
‫ مالح‬mallāḥ sailor, seaman, mariner;
(mar.) ghetto of Moroccan cities
‫ ملد‬malida a (malad) to be tender (esp., twig)
‫ مالحة‬malāḥa beauty, grace,
gracefulness; elegance; kindness,
kindliness, friendliness, amiability;
saltiness, salt taste, saltness, salinity
‫ مالحة‬mallāḥa pl. -āt salina, saline
spring; saltern, saltworks, salt mine;
saltcellar
‫ مالحة‬milāḥa navigation, shipping │
‫( مالحة تجارية‬tijārīya) mercantile shipping,
maritime transportation; ‫مالحة جوية‬
(jawwīya) aviation; ‫( مالحة داخلية‬dākilīya)
inland navigation; ‫( مالحة نھرية‬nahrīya)
river traffic; ‫ صالح للمالحة‬navigable
‫ مالحي‬milāḥī navigational, shipping,
marine, maritime, nautical
‫ ملوحة‬mulāḥa saltiness, salt taste
‫ مليح‬malīḥ pl. ‫ مالح‬millāḥ, ‫ امالح‬amlāḥ
salt, salty, briny, salted; pretty, handsome,
comely; beautiful; nice, pleasant,
agreeable; witty │ (eg.) ‫‘( علقة مليحة‬alqa) a
sound beating
‫ املوحة‬umlūḥa pl. ‫ اماليح‬amālīḥ2 joke,
anecdote
‫ مملحة‬mamlaḥa pl. ‫ ممالح‬mamāliḥ2
salina; saltern, saltworks; saline spring;
saltcellar
‫ تمليح‬tamlīḥ salting, salting down,
preservation in salt, corning, curing
‫ مالح‬māliḥ salt, salty, briny
‫ موالح‬mawāliḥ2 (pl. of ‫ مالحة‬māliḥa,
citrus fruits; (syr.) salted nuts, peanuts,
almonds, etc.
‫ مملوح‬mamlūḥ salted, salty 920
‫ مملح‬mumallaḥ salted; salted down,
corned, cured
‫ مستملح‬mustamlaḥ brilliant, witty,
bright, clever, interesting
‫ ملخ‬malaka a (malk) to pull out, tear out (‫ھـ‬
s.th.); to wrench, dislocate, luxate (‫ ھـ‬a
joint) VIII to pull out, extract (‫ ھـ‬s.th.)
‫ مليخ‬malīk tasteless, insipid
2
‫ ملوخية‬mulūlkīya Jew’s mallow (Corchorus
olitorius; bot.) cultivated as a pot herb; a
thick soup made of this herb (eg., syr.)
‫ اماليد‬amalīd2 tender twigs
‫ املد‬amlad2, f. ‫ ملداء‬maldā’ tender,
flexible
‫ ملس‬malisa a and malusa u (‫مالسة‬
malāsa, ‫ ملوسة‬mulūsa) to be smooth, level,
even II to make smooth, to smooth, level,
even (‫ ھـ‬s.th.); to make slippery (‫ ھـ‬s.th.);
to pass the hand, brush (with the hand) (
‫ على‬over), stroke, caress (‫ على‬s.th.) V to
become smooth; to glide, slide, slip; to
grope; to slip away, escape VII (also ‫املس‬
 immalasa) to become smooth; to glide,
slide, slip; to slip away; to escape
‫ ملس‬malas (eg.) a thin outer garment;
‫ على‬silk fabric for women’s dresses
‫ ملس‬malis smooth, sleek
‫ مالسة‬malāsa smoothness
‫ املس‬amlas 2, f. ‫ ملساء‬malsā’2, pl. ‫ملس‬
muls smooth, sleek
‫ ملص‬maliṣa a (malaṣ) to glide, slide, slip; to
slip away, escape; to disengage o.s., free
o.s., (‫ عن‬،‫ من‬from an obligation), rid o.s. (
‫ عن‬،‫ من‬of) V to rid o.s. (‫ عن‬of), shirk,
dodge, evade (‫ من‬s.th.)
‫ ملص‬maliṣ smooth, sleek, slippery
‫ مليص‬malīṣ smooth, seleek, slippery;
miscarried fetus, stillborn child
‫ تملص‬tamalluṣ slipping away, escaping,
escape
1
‫ ملط‬malaṭa u (malṭ) to plaster with mud or
mortar (‫ ھـ‬a wall); to shave off (‫ ھـ‬hair) II
to mortar, plaster (‫ ھـ‬a wall)
‫ ملط‬malṭ (eg.) stark naked │ ‫عريان ملط‬
(‘uryān) stark naked
‫ ملط‬milṭ pl. ‫ امالط‬amlāt, ‫ ملوط‬mulūṭ
dishonorable, discreditable; scoundrel │
‫ خلط ملط‬kilṭ milṭ or kalṭ malṭ pell-mell, in
confusion
‫ مالط‬milāṭ pl. ‫ ملط‬muluṭ mortar
‫ مليط‬malīṭ and ‫ املط‬amlaṭ pl. ‫ ملط‬mulṭ
hairless
2
‫ مالطة‬malṭa Malta
‫ مالطي‬malṭī Maltese (adj. and n.)
‫ ملق‬maliqa a (malaq) to flatter (‫ ه‬s.o.) U = I; to
even, level, plane (‫ ھـ ھـ‬s.th.) III = I IV to
become poor, impoverished, be reduced to
poverty V to flatter (‫ ل‬،‫ الى‬or ‫ ه‬s.o.)
‫ ملق‬maliq and ‫ مالق‬mallāq flatterer,
adulator
‫ ملق‬malaqa pl. -āt, ‫ املق‬amlaq (eg.)
Egyptian mile, league, the distance of
approximately one hour’s walk
‫ مملقة‬mimlaqa planer, leveler; roller
‫ تمليق‬tamlīq and ‫ تملق‬tamalluq flattery,
adulation
‫ ملك‬malaka i (malk, mulk, milk) to take
in possession, take over, acquire (‫ ھـ‬s.th.),
seize, lay hands (‫ ھـ‬on), possess o.s., take
possession, lay hold (‫ ھـ‬of); to possess,
own, have (‫ ھـ‬s.th.), be the owner (‫ ھـ‬of);
to dominate, control (‫ ھـ‬s.th.): to be master
(‫ ھـ‬of); to role, reign, exercise power or
authority, hold sway, lord it (‫ على‬or ‫ھـ‬
over); to be capable (‫ ھـ‬of), be 921 equal (
‫ ھـ‬to); to be able, be in a position (‫ ان‬or ‫ھـ‬
to do s.th.) │ ‫( ملكه الغيظ‬gaiẓ) anger
overwhelmed him, got the better of him;
‫( ملك عليه جميع مشاعره‬jamī‘a mašā‘irihī) to
dominate s.o.’s every thought and deed,
be uppermost in s.o.’s mind; ‫ملك عليه حسه‬
(ḥissahū) to take possession of s.o.’s
feelings; ‫( ملك عليه لبه‬lubbahū) to
preoccupy s.o.’s heart; ‫ملك عليه نفسه‬
(nafsahū) to lay hold of s.o.’s soul,
dominate s.o.’s thinking, affect s.o.
deeply, stir up, arouse, excite s.o.; ‫ملك على‬
‫( نفسه امرھا‬amrahā) to have o.s. under
control, keep one’s temper; ‫ملك العينين من‬
‫‘( البكاء‬ainaini, bukā’) to hold back the
tears; ‫( ملك نفسه‬nafsahū) to control o.s.,
restrain o.s.; ‫ لم يملك ان‬he could not refrain
from ..., he couldn’t help it, he had to ...; ‫ما‬
‫( ملكت )يملك( يمينه‬yamīnuhū) his fortune, his
property, his possessions II and IV to
make (‫ ه‬s.o.) the owner; to put (‫ ه‬s.o.) in
possession (‫ ھـ‬of), transfer (‫ ه‬to s.o.)
ownership (‫ ھـ‬of); to transfer, assign, make
over, convey (‫ ھـ ه‬to s.o. s.th.); to make (‫ه‬
s.o.) king or sovereign (‫ على‬over) V to
take in possession, take over, appropriate,
acquire (‫ ھـ‬s.th.), take possession (‫ ھـ‬of
s.th., ‫ ه‬of s.o.), seize, lay hands (‫ ھـ‬on
s.th.), lay hold (‫ ھـ‬of s.th.); to possess,
own, have (‫ ھـ‬s.th.), be in possession (‫ھـ‬
of); to become king or sovereign (‫على‬
over); to become prevalent, become fixed,
take root (habit) VI to gain control (‫ ھـ‬over
a feeling, ‫ نفسه‬nafsahū over o.s.); to
control o.s., restrain o.s., hold back; to
refrain, keep (‫ عن‬from s.th.) │ ‫ما تمالك عن‬
he couldn’t help (doing s.th.), he couldn’t
refrain from ... VIII to possess, own, have
(‫ ھـ‬s.th.); to gain, win (‫ ھـ‬s.th.); to acquire (
‫ ھـ‬s.th.) │ ‫( امتلك نواصي الشيء‬nawāṣiya š-
šai’) to b. master of s.th., rule over s.th. X
to appropriate (‫ ھـ‬s.th.), take possession (‫ھـ‬
of); to dominate, control (‫ ھـ‬s.th.); to
possess, own, have (‫ ھـ‬s.th.); to master (‫ھـ‬
s.th.)
‫ ملك‬mulk rule, reign, supreme authority,
dominion, domination, dominance, sway,
power; sovereignty, kingship, royalty;
monarchy; tenure, holding, right of
possession, possessory right, ownership
‫ ملك‬mill: pl. ‫ امالك‬amlāk property,
possessions, goods and chattels, fortune,
wealth; estate; landed property, real estate;
pl. possessions (= colonies); lands, landed
property, estates │ ‫( امالك اميرية‬amīrīya) or
‫ امالك الحكومة‬government lands; ‫ملك ثابت‬
landed property, real property, real estate,
realty, immovables; ‫ ملك منقول‬personal
estate, personal property, personality,
movables; ‫( امالك مبنية‬mabnīya) developed
lots, real estate developments; ‫صاحب‬
‫ ذو األمالك‬،‫ األمالك‬landowner; ‫ملك اميري‬
(amīrī) government property; ‫ملك مطلق‬
(muṭlaq) general property, fee simple
(absolute) (Isl. Law); ‫ ملك شائع‬joint
property, joint tenancy, co-ownership
‫ ملك‬malik pl. ‫ ملوك‬mulūk, ‫ امالك‬amlāk
king, sovereign, monarch
‫ ملكة‬malika pl. -āt queen │ ‫ ملكة الجمال‬m.
al-jamāl beauty queen
‫ ملك‬malak (for ‫ )مألك‬angel │ ‫ملك حارس‬
guardian angel
‫ ملكي‬mulkī posessory, possessive,
proprietary; civilian, civil (as opposed to
military) │ ‫( بدلة ملكية‬badla) civilian
clothes; ‫( موظف ملكي‬muwaẓẓaf) civil
servant
‫ ملكي‬malakī royal, kingly, regal;
monarchic, sovereign; monarchist; angelic
‫ ملكية‬malakīya monarchy, kingship,
royalty
‫ ملكية‬milkīya pl. -āt property; ownership
(jur.) │ ‫( الملكية الكبرى‬kubrā) large landed
property; ‫ نزع الملكية‬naz‘ al-m.
expropriation, dispossession 922
‫ ملكة‬malaka pl. -āt trait of character,
natural disposition, aptitude, bent; gift,
faculty, talent, knack
‫ ملكوت‬malakūt realm, kingdom, empire;
kingship, royalty, sovereignty │ ‫ملكوت‬
‫ السماوات‬m. as-samāwāt the Kingdom of
Heaven (Chr.)
‫ ملكوتي‬malakūtī divine, heavenly
‫ مالك‬malāk, milāk foundation, basis,
fundament, essential prerequisite
‫ مالك‬milāk (tun.) betrothal, engagement;
engagement present (of the fiancé to the
prospective bride)
‫ ملوكي‬mulukī royal, kingly, regal;
monarchic; monarchist
‫ مالك‬mallākīya monarchic rule,
monarchism, kingship, royalty;
monarchist leaning
‫ مالك‬mallāk pl. -ūn owner, proprietor;
landowner, landholder, landed proprietor
│ ‫ كبار الملكين‬kibār al-m. large landowners
‫ مالكي‬mallākī private
‫ مليك‬malīk pl. ‫ ملكاء‬mulakā’ king;
possessor, owner, proprietor
‫ مليكة‬malīka queen
‫ مملكة‬mamlaka pl. ‫ ممالك‬mamālik2
kingdom, empire, state, country; royal
power, sovereignty
‫ تمليك‬tamlīk transfer of ownership,
conveyance of property, alienation
‫ تملك‬tamalluk taking possession,
occupancy, seizure; possession; right or
possession, possessory right, tenure,
holding; domination, control, mastery
‫ تمالك‬tamāluk self-control
‫ امتالك‬imtilāk taking possession,
occupancy, seizure; possession; right or
possession, possessory right, tenure,
holding; domination, control, mastery │
‫ امتالك النفس‬imt. an-nafs self-control
‫ امتالك‬imtilāk pl. -āt acquisition;
appropriation, taking possession,
occupancy, seizure
‫ مالك‬mālik pl. ‫ مالك‬mullāk, ‫ ملك‬mullak
reigning, ruling; owning, possessing,
holding; owner, proprietor, master,
possessor, holder │ ‫ مالك الحزين‬heron
(zool.)
‫ مالكي‬mālikī Malikite, belonging to the
Malikite school of theology; a Maliki
‫ المالكية‬al-mālikīya the Malikite school
of theology
 ‫ مملوك‬mamlūk owned (‫ ل‬by), in
possession (‫ ل‬of), belonging (‫ ل‬to); (pl.
‫ مماليك‬mamālīk2) white slave, mameluke;
Mameluke │ ‫ غير مملوك‬incapable of
individual possession, (res) extra
commercium (Isl. Law)
‫ مملك‬mumallik assignor, transferor,
conveyer, alienator
‫ ممتلك‬mumtalak owned, in possession;
pl. ‫ ممتلكات‬mumtalakāt property; estates,
landed property; possessions,
dependencies, colonies │ ‫ممتلكات اميرية‬
(amīrīya) government property; ‫الممتلكات‬
‫( المستقلة‬mustaqilla) the Dominions
‫ ململ‬malmala to hurry, hasten; to make
restless, make fidgety (‫ ه‬s.o.) II tamalmala
to murmur; to mumble, mumble into one’s
beard; to grumble, be disgruntled, be
angry; to be restlessness, fidgety, nervous;
to twitch nervously; to be or become
wavering, uncertain
‫ ململة‬malmala and ‫ تململ‬tamalmul
unrest, restlessness, fidgetiness,
nervousness
‫ ملنخوليا‬malakōliyā melancholia
1
‫ )مال )ملو‬malā u (malw) to walk briskly, run II
to make (‫ ھـ‬s.o.) enjoy (‫ ھـ‬s.th.) for a long
time (said of God) IV to dictate (‫ ھـ على‬to
s.o. .s.th.) V to enjoy (‫ ھـ‬،‫ ب‬،‫ من‬s.th.) X to
take from dictation (‫ ھـ‬s.th.) 923
‫ مال‬malā pl. ‫ امالء‬amlā’ open country,
open tract of land; steppe, desert
‫ الملوان‬al-malawān day and night
‫ ملوة‬malwa malouah, a dry measure
(Eg. = 2 ٤.١٢٥ = ‫ قدح‬l)
‫ ملي‬malīy (relatively long) period of
time; ‫ مليا‬malīyan for quite a while, for a
long time
‫ امالء‬imlā’ dictation; O transmission (of
a telephone message)
2
□ ‫ مالية‬milāya pl. -āt (< ‫ مالءة‬mulā’a) wrap
worn by Egyptian women; sheet, bed
sheet
‫ ملية‬malīya pl. ‫ ماليا‬malāyā (tun.)
garment of sedouin women
‫( مليار‬Fr.) milyār pl. -āt (U.S.) billion, (G.s.)
milliard
‫ مليجرام‬milligrām pl. -āt milligram
‫( مليم‬Fr. millième) mallīm, malīm pl. -āt, ‫مالليم‬
malālīm2 the smallest monetary unit in
Egypt (= 1/1000 pound); see also under ‫لوم‬
‫ مليمتر‬millīmitr pl. -āt millimeter
‫ مليون‬malyūn pl. -āt, ‫ ماليين‬malāyīn2 million │
‫ اصحاب الماليين‬millionaires
‫ مم‬mm. abbreviation of millimeter
‫ مما‬mimmā, shortened form ‫ مم‬mimma = min
mā
‫ ممن‬mimman = min man
2
‫ من‬man 1. (interr. pron.) who? which one?
which ones? 2. (relative pron.) who; the
one who; those who; one who; whoever,
whosoever, everyone who, he who
2
‫ من‬min (prep.) 1. of; some, some of, (a)
part of; belonging to, pertaining to, from
among │ ‫ كان من‬to belong or pertain to, be
among …, fall under ...; ‫( من ذلك ان‬anna)
among other things ...; ‫( منھم من‬man) some
of them; ‫ منھم من – ومنھم من‬some of them --
others ..., there are (were) those who --
and others who ...; ‫( رجل من قريش‬rajul) a
man of the Koreish tribe; ‫يوم من األيام‬
(yaum, ayyām) some day, some day or
other; ‫( امر من األمور‬amr) s.th. or other,
some affair, some business; ‫اكل من الطعام‬
(ṭa‘ām) he ate (a little, some) of the food;
‫ ما رايته من الكتب‬mā ra’aituhū min saling-
kutub (what I have seen of the books =)
the books I have seen; ‫( ما رايته من كتب‬what
I have seen of books =) what(ever) books
I have seen; ‫ ما من شريك‬God has no
partner whatsoever; ‫( ما من احد يقدر‬aḥadin
yaqdiru) nobody can ...; ‫ما من شخص‬
(šakṣin) there ia absolutely none who ...
consisting of, made of, of (material) │
‫( ثوب من حرير‬taub) a garment of silk, a silk
dress
at, on (time) │ ‫( من الليل‬lail) at night; ‫من‬
‫( يومه‬yaumihī) on the very same day; ‫من‬
‫ ساعته‬at that moment, at once, right away
at, on, by (place) │ ‫ھزه من منكبه‬
(hazzahū, mankibihī) he shook him by the
shoulder
like, as, such as, as for instance;
namely, to wit │ ‫صفات ازلية من العلم والقدرة‬
‫( واإلرادة‬ṣifāt azalīya, ‘ilm, qudra, irāda)
eternal attributes such as knowledge,
power, volition; ‫اذا صح ما قالته الجرائد من ان‬
(ṣaḥḥa) if what the newspapers say is true,
namely that ...
in an exclamation: ‫ يا طولھا من ليلة‬yā
ṭūlahā min lailatin oh, the length of the
night! what a long night it is! ‫ما اخفه من حمل‬
mā akaffahū min ḥimlin how light a
3
burden it is! ‫( ويحه من مخبول‬waiḥahū) woe
to this fool!
in relation to, with respect to, toward │
‫ مقاصد المانيا من تركيا‬Germany’s intentions as
far as Turkey is concerned
substituting for an accusative
(originally, in a partitive sense): ‫اذكى ذلك‬
‫ من فضولھا‬this kindled her curiosity 924
2. from, away from, out of, from the
direction of │ ‫ اخرج من ھنا‬ukruj min hunā
get out of here! ‫ جاء من بغداد‬he came from
Baghdad; ‫( من طرف‬ṭarafi) and ‫من قبل‬
(qibal) on the part of, on the side of, from,
by; ‫ الى‬-- ‫ من‬from -- (up) to; ‫كان منه واليه‬
(wa-ilaihi) to depend entirely on s.o., he
inseparable from s.o., appertain to s.o.; ‫ما‬
‫ كان منھم‬what share they had in ..., to what
extent they were involved in ..., what part
they played in …
from, beginning , starting ..., since, for;
after │ ‫( من شھر‬šahr) for a month (past),
since one month ago; ‫( من مدة‬mudda) for
some time (in the past); ‫بعد ايام من ھذه‬
‫( الحوادث‬ba‘da ayyāmin) a few days after
these events
of, by, at, about (denoting the source of
one’s fear, fright, alarm, apprehension,
etc.). e.g., ‫ خاف من‬،‫ فزع من‬etc.
against, from (with verb, denoting
protection, defense, warning, freeing,
exemption), e.g., ،‫ حرره من‬،‫ حماه من‬،‫منعه من‬
‫اعفاه من‬, etc.
through, by, via, (with verb, of motion
to denote the way, route, or means) │ ‫دخل‬
‫ من الباب‬he entered through the gate; ‫من‬
‫ طريق الراديو‬by radio
than (with the comparative) │ ‫اقوى من‬
aqwā min an too strong as to ..., too strong
for ...
due to, owing to, for, because of; at,
about (with verbs denoting emotions; as,
for instance, “be amazed”, “be delighted”,
“he glad”, etc.), e.g., ‫ دھش من‬،‫تعجب من‬, etc.
by, through (with the passive to
indicate the doer, agent, perpetrator)
as to compounds such as ،‫ من حيث‬،‫من بعد‬
‫ من قبل‬،‫ من غير‬،‫ من دون‬see under the second
word
‫ من‬manna u (mann) to he kind, kindly,
benign, gracious, benevolent, obliging (
‫ على‬to or toward, s.o.); to show, grant, or
do s.o. (‫ )على‬a favor, bestow blessings,
benefits, favors (‫ على‬upon s.o.); to grant,
award, present, give (‫ ب على‬to s.o. s.th.),
confer, bestow graciously (‫ ب على‬upon s.o.
s.th.), bless (‫ ب على‬s.o. with), inspire (‫ب‬
‫ على‬s.o. with; of God) IV to tire, fatigue,
weaken (‫ ه‬s.o.), sap the strength (‫ على‬of
s.o.) V do. VIII to be kind, kindly, benign,
gracious, benevolent, obliging (‫ على‬to or
toward s.o.), to show, grant, or do s.o. (
‫ )على‬a favor, bestow blessings, benefits,
favors (‫ على‬upon s.o.); to bestow or confer
most graciously (‫ ب على‬upon s.o. s.th.),
kindly grant, award, or give (‫ ب على‬to s.o.
s.th.)
‫ من‬mann gracious bestowal; favor;
benefit, blessing, boon; gift, present,
largess; honeydew; manna; (pl. ‫امنان‬
amnān) a weight of 2 ‫ رطل‬raṭl │ ‫بمنه تعالى‬
by the grace of God
‫ منة‬minna pl. ‫ منن‬minan grace; kindness,
kindliness, good will, friendliness,
amiability, graciousness, benevolence,
benignity; favor, act of kindness, benefit,
blessing, boon, gift, present
‫ من‬munna pl. ‫ منن‬munan strength, vigor,
stamina │ ‫ شديد المنة‬strong, vigorous,
sturdy
‫ منان‬mannān kind, kindly, benign,
gracious; munificent, liberal, generous;
benefactor; ‫( المنان‬one of the attributes of
God) the Benefactor
‫ منون‬manūn fate, destiny; fate of death,
death
‫ امتنان‬grateful obligation, indebtedness,
obligedness, gratitude
‫ ممنون‬indebted, obligated, obliged,
grateful, thankful (‫ ل‬to s.o.); weak,
languid
 ‫ ممنونية‬mamnūnīya grateful obligation,
indebtedness, obligedness, gratitude
‫ ممتن‬mumtann indebted. much obliged (
‫ ل‬to s.o.) 925
‫ منتول‬mintūl menthol
‫ منجنيق‬manjanīq f., pl. -āt, ‫ مجانق‬majāniq2
mangonel, ballista, catapult
‫ منجو‬mangū mango
‫ منح‬manaḥa a (manḥ) to grant, give, accord,
award (‫ ھـ ه‬to s.o. s.th.), bestow, confer (‫ھـ‬
‫ ه‬upon s.o. s.th.) III to bestow favor (‫ه‬
upon s.o.)
‫ منح‬manḥ granting, giving, donation,
bestowal, conferment, award(ing)
‫ منحة‬minḥa pl. ‫ منح‬minaḥ act of
kindness; privilege; gift, present,
donation, grant, favor, benefit,
benefaction; compensation; remuneration,
allowance, indemnity (jur.); scholarship,
stipend │ ‫ منحة اإلقامة‬m. al-iqāma living
allowance; ‫( منحة جامعية‬jāmi‘īya) academic
scholarship; ‫ منحة السكنى‬m. as-suknā
housing allowance, rent allowance
‫ مانح‬māniḥ donor, giver, granter
1
‫ مندل‬mandal see ‫ندل‬
2 (‫ ھـ‬s.th.) III to put up resistance, act in
‫ منديل‬mandīl, mindīl pl. ‫ مناديل‬manādīl2
kerchief; handkerchief; head kerchief
‫ منذ‬mundu and ‫ مذ‬mud 1. (prep.) since, for; ago
│ ‫( منذ شھر‬šahr) for a month (past), since
one month ago; a month ago; ‫منذ ايام‬
(ayyām) for the past few days; a few days
ago; ‫‘( منذ عقد قريب‬aqd) of late, lately,
recently; ‫( منذ اآلن‬āna) from now on,
henceforth; ‫( منذ اليوم‬yaum) as of today,
from this day on
2. (conj.) since, ever since, from the
time when │ ‫( منذ كنت طفال صغيرا‬ṭiflan)
since I was a small child
‫ بحر المنش‬baḥr al-manš the Sea of Le Manche,
i.e., the English Channel
‫ منشوبية‬manšūbīya (from Copt. manšōpi) cell,
living quarters (Copt.-Chr.)
‫ منشوري‬manšūrī Manchurian
‫ منصون‬manṣūn monsoon
‫ منطر‬manṭara to threw down, toss down
‫ منطق‬manṭaqa to gird (‫ ب ھـ‬s.th. with) II to gird
o.s., swathe o.s. (‫ ب‬with), wind around
one’s body (‫ ب‬s.th.)
‫ منطوفلة‬manṭūfla (syr.) slipper
‫ منع‬mana‘a a (man‘) to stop, detain, keep from
entering or passing (‫ ه‬s.o.); to hinder,
prevent (‫ ھـ‬s.th.; ‫ من‬or ‫ عن ه‬s.o. from),
keep, restrain, hold back (‫ ه‬s.o. ‫ من‬or ‫عن‬
from); to bar, block, obstruct (‫ ھـ ه‬s.o.’s
way or access to); to withdraw, take away
(‫ من‬or ‫ عن‬or ‫ ھـ ه‬from s.o. s.th.), deprive (
‫ من‬or ‫ عن‬or ‫ ھـ ه‬s.o. of); to forbid, interdict
(‫ من‬or ‫ عن‬or ‫ ھـ ه‬to s.o. s.th.), prohibit (‫من‬
or ‫ عن‬or ‫ ھـ ه‬s.o. from); to decline to
accept, declare impossible or out of the
question (‫ ان‬that); to refuse, deny (‫ عن ھـ‬or
‫ ه ھـ‬s.th. to s.o.), withhold (‫ عن ھـ‬or ‫ه ھـ‬
s.th. from s.o.); to stop, cease (‫ ھـ‬doing
s.th., ‫ عن‬with regard to s.o.), abstain,
refrain (‫ ھـ‬from doing s.th., ‫ عن‬with regard
to s.o.); to ward off, avert, keep, keep
away (‫ عن ھـ‬s.th. from s.o.); to protect,
guard (‫ من ه‬s.o. from), defend (‫ ه‬s.o., ‫ھـ‬
s.th., ‫ عن‬against); -- manu‘a u (‫ مناع‬manā‘,
‫ مناعة‬manā‘a) to be strongly fortified,
inaccessible, impregnable; to be
unconquerable, invincible, insurmountable
II to fortify, strengthen, make inaccessible
opposition (‫ ه‬to s.o.), oppose, counteract (‫ه‬
s.o.), work against s.o. (‫ ;)ه‬to stand up, rise
(‫ ه‬against s.o.); to resist, oppose (‫ في‬s.th.),
offer resistance, object, raise objections (
‫ في‬to s.th.), revolt, rebel (‫ في‬against s.th.);
to refuse, deny (‫ ھـ ه‬s.o. s.th.) V to refuse,
decline (‫ عن‬to do s.th.); to desist, refrain,
abstain, keep (‫ عن‬from s.th., from doing
s.th.), forbear, leave off (‫ عن‬s.th.), stop,
cease (‫ عن‬doing s.th.), avoid (‫ عن‬s.th. or
doing s.th.); to 926 be or become
inaccessible, unassailable, impregnable; to
strengthen, grow in strength; to seek
protection (‫ ب‬with or in) VIII to refrain,
abstain, keep (‫ عن‬from doing s.th.),
forbear (‫ عن‬s.th.), stop, cease (‫ عن‬doing
s.th.); to be prevented (‫ عن‬from); to be
impossible (‫ على‬for s.o.); to refuse (‫ عن‬to
do s.th.), decline, turn down (‫ عن‬s.th.); to
refuse to have anything to do (‫ على‬with),
keep aloof (‫ على‬from)
‫ منع‬man‘ hindering, impeding,
obstruction; prevention, obviation,
preclusion; prohibition, interdiction, ban,
injunction; closure, stop, discontinuation,
embargo; withdrawal, deprival,
dispossession; withholding, detention
‫ منعة‬manra resistance, power, force,
vigor, strength, stamina, insuperability,
invincibility
‫ منيع‬manī‘ pl. ‫ منعاء‬muna‘ā’
unapproachable, inaccessible, impervious,
impenetrable, forbidding; well-fortified;
mighty, strong, powerful; impregnable,
unconquerable; insurmountable,
insuperable, invincible, immune │ ‫منيع‬
‫ الجانب‬strong, unassailable; ‫حاجز منيع‬
insurmountable barrier
‫ مناعة‬manā‘a inaccessibility; strength,
impregnability; hardiness, sturdiness,
power of resistance; immunity (to a
disease, also dipl.); imperviousness,
impermeability, impenetrability,
forbiddingness
‫ امنع‬amna‘2 harder to get at, more
forbidding; offering greater resistance
‫ ممانعة‬mumāna‘a opposition; resistance,
revolt, rebellion; O inductive resistance
(el.)
‫ تمنع‬tamannu‘ rejection, refusal
‫ امتناع‬imtinā‘ refraining, abstention (‫عن‬
from); refusal, denial; impossibility
‫ مانع‬māni‘ hindering, forbidding, etc.,
see 1; preventive; prohibitive; - (pl. ‫موانع‬
mawāni‘2) hindrance, obstacle,
obstruction; impediment; a preventive,
preservative, prophylactic; objection; (pl.
-āt) O cutout, anti-interference device
(radio) │ ‫( ما رأى مانعا‬ra’ā) to have no
objections; ‫ ال مانع‬māni‘a there is nothing
in the way, nothing prevents me (you,
etc.) from (‫)عن‬
‫ ممنوع‬mamnā‘ forbidden, prohibited,
banned, interdicted; indeclinable (gram.)
│ ‫ ممنوع التدخين‬no smoking! ‫ ممنوع الدخول‬no
admittance! keep out! off limits!
‫ ممنوعية‬mamnū‘īya forbiddenness
‫ ممتنع‬mumtani‘ refraining, abstaining,
forbearing; rejecting, refusing; prevented;
forbidden, interdicted, prohibited, banned;
inaccessible (‫ على‬to s.o.); forbidding,
inscrutable, impenetrable, elusive;
difficult to imitate; impossible
‫ منغنيس‬manganīs manganese
‫ منغوليا‬mungūliyā Mongolia
‫( منفيال‬It. manovella) manafella crank
‫ منلوج‬manalōg see ‫منولوج‬
(‫ منو‬and ‫ منى( منا‬manā u (manw) and ‫ منى‬manā
i (many) to put to the test, try, tempt,
afflict (‫ ب ه‬s.o. with; of God); pass. ‫مني‬
muniya to be afflicted (‫ ب‬with), be sorely
tried (‫ ب‬by), suffer, sustain, undergo,
experience (‫ ب‬s.th.), be affected, hit,
smitten, stricken (‫ ب‬by); to find by good
luck, be so fortunate as to find (‫ ل‬s.th.) II
to awaken the desire (‫ ب‬or ‫ ھـ ه‬in s.o. for),
make s.o. (‫ )ه‬wish (‫ ب‬or ‫ ھـ‬for); to make (‫ه‬
s.o.) hope (‫ ب‬or ‫ ھـ‬for), give (‫ ه‬s.o.) reason
to hope (‫ ب‬or ‫ ھـ‬for), raise hopes (‫ ب‬or ‫ھـھـ‬
of) in s.o. (‫ ;)ه‬to promise (‫ ب ه‬،‫ ان‬s.o. that)
│ ‫( منى نفسه ب‬nafsahū) to indulge in the
hope of ..., have every hope that ... IV to
shed (‫ ھـ‬blood); to emit, 927 ejaculate (‫ھـ‬
sperm) V to desire (‫ ھـ‬s.th.), wish (‫ ھـ‬for
s.th.; ‫ ھـ ل‬s.o. s.th.) X to practice onanism,
masturbate
‫ منى‬manan and ‫ منية‬manīya pl. ‫منايا‬
manāyā fate, destiny, lot; fate of death;
death
‫ منى‬minan semen, sperm
‫ منوي‬minawī seminal, spermatic
‫ منى‬minan m. and minā f. the valley of
Mina near Mecca
‫ منية‬munya, minya pl. ‫ منى‬munan wish,
desire; object of desire
‫ امنية‬umnīya pl. ‫ امان‬amānin, ‫اماني‬
amānīy wish, demand, claim, desire,
longing, aspiration
‫ تمنية‬tamniya and ‫ امناء‬imnā’ emission,
ejaculation of the sperm
‫ تمن‬tamannin pl. -āt wish; desire;
request
‫ استمناء‬istimnā’ self-pollution,
masturbation, onanism
‫ منولوج‬manolōj, monolōg pl. -āt monologue;
(cabaret) act │ ‫( منولوجات فكاھية‬fukāhīya)
skits, comic sketches, music-hall songs
‫ منومتر‬manūmitr pl. -āt manometer, pressure
gauge
‫ المنيا‬al-minyā El Minya (city in central Egypt)
‫ مھجة‬muhja pl. ‫ مھج‬muhaj, ‫ مھجات‬muhajāt
lifeblood, heartblood; heart; innermost
self, intrinsic nature, core; soul; life │
‫( طعنت اآلمال في مھجتھا‬ṭu‘inat) hopes
received the deathblow
‫ مھد‬II to spread out evenly (‫ ھـ‬s.th.); to smooth,
smoothen (‫ ھـ‬s.th.); to pave (‫ ھـ‬a road); to
flatten, plane, make even or level (‫ ھـ‬s.th.):
to arrange, settle, straighten, put in order (
‫ ھـ‬s.th.); to free from obstacles, clear, pave
(‫ ھـ‬s.th.; esp., the way, ‫ ل‬for or to); to
make easy, facilitate, ease, make easily
accessible (‫ ھـ ل‬to s.o. s.th.): to get ready,
prepare (‫ ھـ‬s.th.), make (‫ ھـ‬a bed, etc.); to
pass (‫ الكرة‬al-kurata the ball, ‫ ل‬to s.o.);
(verb alone, without qualifying direct
object) to pave, open, clear, or prepare the
way (‫ ب ل‬for s.th. by or with), open,
prepare, begin, start, initiate, bring about,
set in motion (‫ ب ل‬s.th. by or with) V to be
paved, be clear or cleared, be or become
open (way); to be or get settled or
arranged; to go smoothly, go well, come
off well; to be in order, be put in order, get
straightened out
‫ مھد‬mahd pl. ‫ مھود‬muhūd bed; cradle │
‫( من المھد على اللحد‬laḥd) from cradle to
grave; ‫ قتله في مھده‬to nip s.th. in the bud; ‫كان‬
‫ في مھد‬to be still in its beginnings or
infancy, not have progressed beyond the
early stages
‫ مھاد‬mihād place of rest, resting place;
bed; bosom, pale, fold (fig., in which s.th.
rests)
‫ تمھيد‬tamhīd smoothing, leveling,
paving; facilitation, easing; preparation;
foreword, preface, proem; introduction;
preliminaries │ ‫ تمھيد ل‬in order to facilitate
...; in preparation of ..., as a preliminary
step toward ..., for the purpose of ...
‫ تمھيدي‬tamhīdī introductory, prefatory,
preliminary, preparatory │ ‫اجراءات تمھيدية‬
(ijrā’āt) preliminaries; preliminary
proceedings (jur.); ‫( حكم تمھيدي‬ḥukm)
interlocutory decree, interlocutory
judgment (jur.); ‫( قرار تمھيدي‬qarār)
provisional in, junction, temporary
restra.ining order (jur.); ‫( شرح تمھيدي‬šarh)
prefatory remarks
‫ ممھد‬mumahhad leveled, smoothed,
smooth, even, level; well-ordered,
wellarranged, well-prepared; prepared,
cleared, open (way); paved (road)
‫ مماھد‬mumāhad paved, improved (road)
928
1
‫ مھر‬mahara u a (mahr, ‫ مھار‬mahār, ‫مھارة‬
mahāra, ‫ مھور‬muhūr) to be skillful, adroit,
dexterous, skilled, adept, proficient,
expert, experienced, seasoned; -- u a
(mahr) to give a dower (‫ ھا‬to the bride) III
to vie in skill (‫ ه‬with s.o.) IV to give a
dower (‫ ھا‬to the bride)
‫ مھر‬mahr pl. ‫ مھور‬muhūr dower, bridal
money; price, stake; ransom
‫ مھر‬muhr, pl. ‫ امھار‬amhār, ‫ مھارة‬mihāra
foal, colt
‫ مھرة‬muhra pl. ‫ مھر‬muhar, ‫مھرات‬
muharāt filly
‫ مھارة‬mahāra skillfulness, adroitness,
dexterity, skill, expertness, proficiency,
adeptness
‫ ماھر‬māhir pl. ‫ مھرة‬mahara skillful,
adroit, dexterous, skilled, proficient,
adept, expert, practiced, experienced,
seasoned
2
‫ مھر‬muhr seal, signet; stamp
‫ مھردار‬muhrədār keeper of the seal
‫ مھرجان‬mahrajān, mihrajān pl. -āt festival,
festivity, celebration │ ‫مھرجان بريطانيا‬
Festival of Britain
‫ مھك‬mahaka a (mahk) to grind, crush, bruise,
pound
‫ مھكة‬makha, muhka freshness of youth,
bloom of youth
‫ مھل‬mahala a (mahl, ‫ مھلة‬muhla) to tarry,
dawdle, be slow, take one’s time (‫ في‬in
s.th.) II and IV to give (‫ ه‬s.o.) time, grant (
‫ ه‬s.o.) a respite or delay V to be slow,
proceed slowly and deliberately (‫ في‬in
s.th.) │ ‫( تمھل في خطاه‬kuṭāhu) to slacken
one’s pace; ‫ تمھل يقول‬he said slowly ... VI =
V; X to ask (‫ ه‬s.o.) for a respite; to ask (‫ه‬
s.o.) to wait
 ‫ مھل‬mahl, mahal slowness,
leisureliness, ease; leisure; ‫ مھال‬mahlan
slowly, leisurely, in no hurry │ ‫على مھل‬
slowly, leisurely, in no hurry; ‫مھلك‬
mahlaka easy does it! take it easy! ‫على‬
‫ مھلك‬take it easy! take your time!
‫ مھلة‬muhla respite, delay; time limit for
a decision, time to think s.th. over
‫ مھيلة‬muhaila large boat (ir.)
‫ امھال‬imhāl grant of respite, concession
of a delay
‫ امھالي‬imhālī tending to delay, dilatory
‫ تمھل‬tamahhul slowness deliberateness
│ ‫ بتمھل‬slowly; gradually
‫ متمھل‬mutamahhil slow, deliberate,
leisurely, unburned, easy
‫ متماھل‬mutamāhil leisurely,
comfortable, easy, unhurried, slow
‫ مھما‬mahmā (conj.) whatever,
whatsoever; no matter how much,
however much, much as ...; whenever │
‫( مھما يكن من األمر‬yakun, amr) whatever the
case may be, be it as it may
‫ مھن‬mahana u a (mahn, ‫ مھنة‬mahna) to
serve (‫ ه‬s.o.); to humble, degrade, treat in
a humiliating manner (‫ ه‬s.o.); to hackney,
wear out in common service, wear out by
use (‫ ھـ‬s.th.); -- mahuna u (‫ مھانة‬mahāna)
to be despicable, base, low, mean, menial
III to practice (‫ ھـ‬a profession) VIII to
humble, degrade, treat in a humiliating
manner (‫ ه‬s.o.); to revile (‫ ه‬s.o.); to despise
(‫ ه‬s.o.); to employ for menial services (‫ه‬
s.o.); to hackney, wear out in common
service, wear out by use (‫ ھـ‬s.th.); to
practice professionally, as a trade (‫ ھـ‬s.th.)
‫ مھنة‬mihna pl. ‫ مھن‬mihan work, job,
occupation, calling, vocation, profession,
trade, business
‫ مھني‬mihnī professional, vocational;
gainfully employed │ ‫( اإلرشاد المھني‬iršād)
vocational guidance 929
2
‫ مھين‬mahīn pl. ‫ مھناء‬muhanā’ despised,
despicable, contemptible, vile
‫ امتھان‬imtihān degradation, humiliation,
contempt, disdain; abuse, misuse,
improper treatment
‫ ماھن‬māhin pl. ‫ مھان‬muhhān menial
servant
‫ مھاة‬mahāh pl. ‫ مھوات‬mahawāt, ‫ مھيات‬mahayāt
wild cow
1
‫ )ماء )موء‬mā’a u (‫ مواء‬muwā’) to mew, miaow
‫ مواء‬muwā’ mewing, miaow (of a cat)
2
‫ ماء‬and ‫ مائي‬see ‫موء‬
‫ موبيليات‬mōbīlīyāt (pl.) furniture
‫ )مات )موت‬māta u (maut) to die; to perish; to
lose life, become dead; to abate, subside,
die down, let up (wind, heat) II and IV to
make (‫ ه‬s.o.) die, let (‫ ه‬s.o.) perish; to kill,
put to death (‫ ه‬s.o.); to be the death of s.o.
(‫)ه‬, cause the death of s.o. (‫ )ه‬IV to mortify
(‫ نفسه‬o.s., one’s flesh); to suppress, deaden
(‫ ھـ‬s.th.) VI to feign death, pretend to be
dead; to feign weakness; to be sluggish,
listless, slack (‫ في‬in s.th.) X to seek death;
to defy death, sacrifice o.s., risk one’s life;
to strive desperately (‫ في‬for), make
desperate efforts <..i in order to); to tight
desperately
‫ موت‬maut and ‫ موتة‬mauta death;
decease, demise │ ‫( موت ابيض‬abyaḍ)
natural death
‫ موات‬mawāt that which is lifeless an
inanimate thing; barren, uncultivated land,
wasteland
‫ موتان‬mautāni, mūtān dying, death;
epidemic, plague
‫ ميت‬mayit, mait pl. ‫ اموات‬amwāt, ‫موتى‬
mautā lifeless inanimate, dead, deceased
‫ ميتة‬maita corpse, carcass, carrion; meat
of an animal not slaughtered in
accordance with ritual requirements (Isl.
Law)
‫ ميتة‬mīta manner of death │ ‫ميتة األبطال‬
death of a hero, death in battle
‫ ممات‬mamāt place where s.o. died;
decease, death
‫ اماتة‬imāta killing; mortification (of the
flesh)
‫ استماتة‬istimāta death defiance;
desperate effort, desperate struggle (‫في‬
for)
‫ مائت‬mā’it dying, moribund, mortal
 ‫ مميت‬mumīt lethal, fatal, mortal, deadly
│ ‫( خاطئة مميتة‬kāṭi’a) mortal sin
‫ ممات‬mumāt antiquated, obsolete
‫ مستميت‬mustamīt death-defying,
reckless, heroin; martyr; suffering a
martyr’s death
‫( موتوسيكل‬Fr. motocycle) mōtōsīkil pl. -āt
motorcycle
‫ )ماج )موج‬māja u (mauj, ‫ موج‬mawajān) to
heave, swell, roll, surge (sea); to be
excited, agitated (‫ ب‬by) II to ripple (‫ ھـ‬the
surface of water, etc.); to wave (‫ ھـ‬the
hair) V = I; to rise in waves; to ripple, be
rippled (as, the surface of water); to
undulate, move in undulations; to sway,
roll VI to be waved, be undulate; to form
an undulating line (‫ حول‬around); to flow,
flood, swell, surge
‫ موج‬mauj pl. ‫ امواج‬amwāj billows,
surges, seas, breakers; waves; ripples; --
(n. un. ‫ موجة‬mauja pl. -āt) billow, surge,
sea, breaker; wave; ripple; oscillation,
vibration, undulation │ ‫ موج طويل‬long
wave (radio); ‫ موج قصير‬short wave (radio);
‫( موج متوسط‬mutawassiṭ) medium wave
(radio); ‫( امواج صوتية‬ṣauṭīya) sound waves;
‫( امواج مستمرة‬mustamirra) continuous
waves; ‫( امواج مضمحلة‬muḍmaḥilla) 930
damped waves; ‫( امواج منعكسة‬mun‘akisa)
reflected waves, indirect waves; ‫امواج‬
(muwajjaha) directional beams (radio); O
‫( موجة حارة‬ḥārra) heat wave, hot spell;
‫ موجة الشباب‬m. aš-šabāb bloom of youth,
freshness of youth; ‫ سعة الموجة‬sa‘at al-m.
amplitude; ‫ طول الموجة‬ṭūl al-m. wave
length (radio); ‫ موجة استنكار‬a wave of
disapproval
‫ مواج‬mawwāj undulating, undulant;
surging, rolling; waved, undulated,
undulate; O (pl. -āt) transmitter (radio)
‫ تمويج‬tamwīj waving (of the hair) │
‫ التمويج على البارد‬cold wave, permanent
wave
‫ تموج‬tamawwuj pl. -āt oscillation,
vibration; undulation, undulant motion;
swaying, rolling │ ‫( تموجات صوتية‬ṣautīya)
sound waves; O ‫ تموج الھواء‬t. al-hawā’
atmospheric vibrations
‫ مائج‬mā’ij surging, swelling, rolling,
tumultuous, stormy, high (sea)
‫ مموج‬mumawwaj undulated, undulate,
waved, wavy, wavelike, undulatory
‫ متموج‬mutamawwij surging, rolling,
undulating, undulant, wavelike,
undulatory; wavy (hair) │ ‫الحمى المتموجة‬
(ḥummā) undulant fever, Malta fever,
brucellosis (med.)
‫ متماوج‬mutamāwij undulate, waved,
wavy, rippled; curled
‫ مودة‬mōda pl. -āt fashion, style; fashionable;
pl. hat fashions, millinery │ ‫ على المودة‬of
the latest fashion, fashionable, modish,
stylish
‫ مودل‬mōdel or ‫ موديل‬mōdēl pl. -āt model,
pattern
1
‫ )مار )مور‬māra u (maur) to move to and fro,
move from side to side V do.
‫ موار‬mawwār O pendulum
‫ تمور‬tamawwur swaying, swinging
motion; ‫ تمورا‬to and fro, back and forth
2
‫ مار‬look up alphabetically and under ‫ مر‬marra
3
‫ المورة‬al-mōra Morea, Poloponnesus
□ ‫ موراتزم‬mūrātizm (eg.) rheumatism
‫ موراني‬mūrānī (syr.) = ‫ ماروني‬look up
alphabetically
‫ مورفين‬murfīn morphine
‫ مورينة‬mūrīna pl. -āt wooden beam, rafter
‫ موز‬mauz (call.; n. un. ‫ )ة‬banana
1
‫ ماس‬mās diamond (cf. ‫ الماس‬alphabetically)
‫ ماسي‬māsī diamond (used attributively)
2
‫ موسى‬mūsā f., pl. ‫ مواس‬mawāsin, ‫ امواس‬amwās
straight razor
3
‫ موسى‬mūsā Moses │ ‫ سمك موسى‬samak m.
plaice, flounder (zool.)
‫ موسوي‬mūsawī Mosaic(al)
‫( موسطردة‬It. mostarda) musṭarda mustard
‫ موسكو‬moskū, moskō Moscow
‫ موسيقار‬mūsīqār musician
‫ موسيقى‬mīsīqa (f.) music
 ‫ موسيقي‬mūsīqī musician; musical │ ‫آلة‬
‫ موسيقية‬musical instrument
‫ ماش‬māš (n. un. ‫ )ة‬leguminous plant with black
edible grains, Indian pea (Phaseolus max.
L.; bot.)
‫ الموصل‬al-maṣil Mosul (city in N Iraq)
‫ )موضه )= موده‬mōḍa fashion, style
‫ موق‬see ‫مأق‬
1
‫ مول‬II to make rich, enrich (‫ ه‬s.o.); to finance (
‫ ھـ‬s.th.) V to be financed; to become rich,
wealthy X to become rich, wealthy
‫ مال‬mal pl. ‫ اموال‬amwāl property,
possessions, chattels, goods; wealth,
affluence; fortune, estate; money; 931
income, revenue; assets, capital, stock,
fund; (eg.) tax, esp., land tax; (Isl. Law)
marketable title; pl. property, assets,
chattels, goods; pecuniary resources,
funds; taxes │ ‫ ذو مال‬wealthy, rich; ‫مال‬
‫( احتياطي‬iḥtyāṭī) reserve fund; ‫مال االطيان‬
(eg.) land tax; ‫ مال الحرام‬m. al-ḥarām ill-
gotten gain; ‫( مال الحكومة‬eg.) taxes; ‫اموال‬
‫( مقررة‬muqarrara) direct taxes; ‫مال نقلي‬
(naqlī) or ‫ مال منقول‬movable property,
movables (Isl. Law); ‫ مال ثابت‬landed
property, real property, immovables; ‫مال‬
‫( غير متقوم‬mutaqawwim) thing without
commercial value (Isl. Law); ‫امين المال‬
treasurer; ‫ بيت المال‬bait al-m. (public)
treasury; ‫ رأس مال‬etc., see ‫رأس‬
‫ مالي‬mālī monetary, pecuniary,
financial; finance (in compounds); fiscal;
financier, capitalist │ ‫( بت مالي‬bait)
finance house, banking house; ‫تضخم مالي‬
(taḍakkum) inflation; ‫( سنة مالية‬sana) fiscal
year; ‫( غرامة مالية‬garāma) or ‫ عقوبة مالية‬a
fine
‫ مالية‬mālīya monetary affairs, finance,
public revenue; finances, financial
situation │ ‫ وزارة المالية‬finance ministry,
treasury department
‫ موال‬mawwāl pl. -ūn (ir.) financier,
capitalist
‫ تمويل‬tamwīl financing; (eg.) tax-paying
‫ ممول‬mumawwil pl. -ūn (eg.) taxpayer
‫ ممول‬mumawwal propertied, wealthy,
rich
‫ متمول‬mutamawwil rich, wealthy, well-
to-do; financier, capitalist
2
‫ موال‬mawwāl pl. ‫ مواويل‬mawāwīl2 a poem in
colloquial language, often sung to the
accompaniment of a reed pipe
‫ مواليا‬mawāliyā do.
‫ موم‬mūm wax
‫ مومياء‬mūmiyā’, ‫ مومية‬mūmiya pl. -āt mummy
‫ )مان )مون‬māna u (maun, ‫ مؤنة‬mu’na) and II to
provision. supply with provisions (‫ ه‬s.o.);
to provide, furnish, supply (‫ ب ھـ‬or ‫ ه‬s.o.
or s.th. with) V to store up provisions, lay
in provisions, provision o.s.
‫ مونة‬mūna provisions; (eg.) mortar
‫ تموين‬tamwīn food supply, provisioning;
supply; replenishment
‫ موانيء‬pl. ‫ميناء‬
‫ مونيخ‬mūnīk Munich
‫ )ماه )موه‬māha u (mauh) to mix (‫ ب ھـ‬s.th.
with); -- u a (mauh, ‫ مؤوه‬mu’ūh, ‫ماھة‬
māha) to abound in water II to abound in
water; to pour water (‫ ھـ‬into), admix water
(‫ ھـ‬to); to thin, dilute, water down,
adulterate (‫ ھـ‬s.th.); to falsify (‫ على‬،‫ھـ‬
s.th.), misrepresent (‫ ھـ‬s.th.); to feign,
affect (‫ على ب‬s.th. toward s.o.); to
camouflage (‫ ھـ‬s.th.; Syr., mil.); to coat,
overlay, plate (‫ ب ھـ‬a base metal with gold
or silver) IV to add water (‫ ھـ‬to)
‫ ماء‬mā’ pl. ‫ مياه‬miyāh, ‫ امواه‬amwāh
water; liquid, fluid; juice │ ‫كالماء الجاري‬
fluently, smoothly, like clockwork; ‫ماء‬
‫( ابيض‬abyaḍ) cataract (eye disease); ‫ماء‬
‫ الزھر‬m. az-zahr orange-blossom water;‫ماء‬
‫ الشباب‬m. aš-šabāb freshness of youth,
prime of youth; ‫‘( ماء عذب‬adb) fresh water,
potable water; ‫ ماء غازي‬pl. ‫مياه غازية‬
carbonated water, mineral water; ‫ماء‬
‫ الكولونيا‬Eau de Cologne; ‫ ماء الوجه‬m. al-
wajh honor, decency, modesty, self-
respect; ‫ اراق ماء وجھه‬arāqa mā’a wajhihī
to sacrifice one’s honor, abase o.s.; to
dishonor, disgrace s.o.; ‫ بذل ماء وجھه‬do.; ‫ماء‬
‫ الورد‬m. al-ward rose water; ‫مياه اقليمية‬
(iqlīmīya) territorial waters; ‫ مياه األمطار‬m.
al-amṭār rain water; ‫( مياه جوفية‬jaufīya)
ground water; ‫( مياه ساحلية‬sāḥilīya) coastal
waters; ‫ بنو ماء السماء‬banū m. as-samā’ the
Arabs 932
 ‫ ماھي‬māhī and ‫ ماوي‬māwī watery,
aqueous, aquatic
‫ مائي‬mā’ī aquatic, water; liquid, fluid;
hydraulic
‫ ماھية‬look up alphabetically
‫ ماوية‬māwīya and ‫ مائية‬mā’īya juice, sap
‫ تمويه‬tamwīh coating, plating; clothing,
attire, garb; overfilling; feigning,
pretending, affectation; camouflage (syr.,
mil.); distortion (of facts),
misrepresentation, falsification │ ‫كأس‬
‫ التمويه‬ka’s at-t. overfull cup
‫ تمويھي‬tamwīhī feigned, sham, mock,
make-believe │ ‫ غارة تمويھية‬mock attack,
feint
‫ ماوية‬see ‫موه‬
‫ ميت‬and ‫ ميتة‬see ‫موت‬
‫ )ماح )ميح‬māḥa i (maiḥ, ‫ ميحوحة‬maiḥūḥa) to
strut, walk with affected dignity; to
waddle V and VI to reel, totter, stagger; to
swing X to ask (‫ ھـ ه‬s.o. a favor), request (
‫ ھـ‬s.th.) │ ‫‘( استماح عذرا من‬udran) to
apologize for s.th.
‫ )ماد )ميد‬māda i (maid, ‫ ميدان‬mayadān) to be
moved, shaken, upset, shocked; to sway;
to swing; to feel giddy, be dizzy; ‫ ماد ب‬to
shake s.th. violently VI to sway back and
forth, swing from side to side
‫ ميدة‬mīda pl. ‫ ميد‬miyad (eg.) lintel,
breastsummer (arch.)
‫ ميداء‬mīdā’ measure, amount, length,
distance; mīdā’a (prep.) in front of,
opposite, facing
‫ ميدان‬maidān, mīdān pl. ‫ ميادين‬mayādīn2
square, open place, open tract; field;
arena; battleground, battlefield; combat
area, fighting zone; race course, race
track; playground (fig.); field, domain,
line, sphere of activity │ ‫ ميدان التدريب‬drill
ground; military training center; ‫ميدان‬
‫ الحرب‬m. al-ḥarb theater of war; ‫ميدان السباق‬
race course, race track; ‫ ميدان العمل‬m.
al-‘amal field of activity, scope of action;
‫ ميدان القتال‬battlefield; ‫ خرج من ميدان العمل‬to
be put out of servi-šce or commission; ‫ظھر‬
‫ في الميدان‬to turn up, appear on the scene; ‫في‬
‫ ميدان الشرف‬m. iš-šaraf on the field of
honor; ‫ مدافع الميدان‬fieldpieces, field guns,
infantry howitzers
‫ مائد‬mā’id pl. ‫ ميدى‬maidā dizzy, seasick
‫ مائدة‬mā’ida pl. -āt, ‫ موائد‬mawā’id2 table
│ ‫ مائدة التشريح‬operating table; ‫ مائدة الزينة‬m.
az-zīna dressing table; ‫ مائدة السفرة‬m. as-
sufra dining table
‫ مداليون‬madāliyōn medallion
1
‫ )مار )مير‬māra i (mair) and IV to provide (‫عياله‬
‘iyālahū for one’s family)
‫ ميرة‬mīra pl. ‫ مير‬miyar provisions,
supplies, stores
‫ ميار‬mayyār caterer, purveyor, supplier
2
‫ ميري‬mīrī (= ‫ )اميري‬public, governmental,
government-, satate- (in compounds);
fiscal; ‫ الميري‬the government, the fiso, the
exchequer │ ‫ مال الميري‬government taxes;
‫ امالك الميري‬government land
‫ ميرآالى‬mīrālāy (formerly, Eg.) colonel
‫ ميرلواء‬mīrliwā’ (Ir.) brigadier general
3
‫( مير‬Fr. maire) mēr pl. ‫ اميار‬amyār (magr.)
mayor
‫ ميرون‬mairūn chrism (Chr.)
‫ )ماز )ميز‬māza i (maiz) to separate, keep apart (
‫ بين‬two things); to distinguish, honor,
favor (‫ ه‬s.o.) II to confer distinction (‫ه‬
upon s.o.), distinguish, commend, honor,
favor (‫ ه‬s.o., ‫ عن‬above s.o. else, also ‫;)على‬
to distinguish, set aside, cause to stand out
(‫ ه‬،‫ ھـ‬s.o., s.th., ‫ عن‬from); to 933 prefer (‫عن‬
‫ ھـ‬or ‫ ه‬s.o. or s.th. to); to separate,
segregate, set apart, single out, select,
choose, pick (‫ ه‬،‫ ھـ‬s.o., s.th.); to grant a
special right or privilege (‫ ه‬to s.o.),
privilege (‫ ه‬s.o.); to distinguish,
differentiate, discriminate (‫ ه‬،‫ عن ھـ‬s.o.,
s.th. from, also ‫ من؛ بين‬between two things,
one thing from another) IV to distinguish,
mark (‫ ھـ‬s.th.); to prefer (‫ ھـ‬s.th.) V to be
set apart, be separated
or separate, be distinct, be
distinguished, be differentiated; to
distinguish o.s., be distinguished, be
marked, stand out; to be marked out with
distinction, be honored, be favored; to be
preferred │ ‫( تميز غيظا‬gaiẓan) to burst with
anger VI to distinguish o.s. (‫ في‬in); to
differ VIII to distinguish o.s. (‫ ب‬by, ‫ في‬in
s.th., ‫ عن‬or ‫ على‬above s.o. or s.th., ‫ من‬as
compared with s.o. or s.th.); to be
distinguished, be marked (‫ ب‬by); to be
characterized, be signalized (‫ ب‬by); to
excel, surpass, outdo, outshine (‫ عن‬or ‫على‬
s.o. or s.th.); to have the advantage, take
preference (‫ على‬over), be preferred (‫على‬
to); to differ (‫ من‬or ‫ على‬from s.o., ‫ في‬or ‫ب‬
in, in that ...)
‫ ميز‬maiz distinction; favoring,
preferment
‫ ميزة‬mīza peculiarity, distinguishing
feature, distinctive mark, essential
property, characteristic; prerogative,
priority right
‫ اميز‬amyaz 2 preferable (‫ على‬to)
‫ تمييز‬tamyīz distinction; preference;
preferment, favoring, favoritism,
preferential treatment; privileging;
partiality; separation, segregation, sifting,
singling out; specification (gram.);
differentiation; discrimination, judgment,
discretion, common sense; realization,
discernment, conscious perception;
deliberate intention │ ‫ سن التمييز‬sinn at-t.
age of discretion (jur.); ‫محكمة التمييز‬
maḥkamat at-t. court of cassation (Syr.);
‫ من غير تمييز‬unwittingly, unintentionally,
with no definite purpose in mind; ‫اخرجه عن‬
‫( دائرة التمييز‬akrajahū) to deprive s.o. of his
clear judgment, rob s.o. of his senses
‫ امتياز‬imtiyāz pl. -āt distinction, (mark
of) honor; advantage, benefit, merit;
difference, distinction, differentiation,
discrimination; special right, privilege;
concession, patent, permit, license,
franchise; (oil) concession; prerogative,
priority right │ ‫( االمتيازات األجنبية‬ajnabiya)
the capitulations (of Western powers in
the Orient) ; ‫ االمتيازات الدبلوماسية‬diplomatic
privileges; ‫ صاحب االمتياز‬holder of the
concession, concessionaire, responsible
publisher of a newspaper
‫ مميز‬mumayyiz distinguishing,
distinctive; characteristic, peculiar,
proper; discriminating, discerning,
reasonable, rational (Isl. Law)
‫ مميزة‬mumayyiza pl. -āt distinguishing
feature, distinctive mark, characteristic
trait, peculiarity; distinction, (mark of)
honor; advantage, merit
‫ مميز‬mumayyaz distinguished,
preferred, favored, privileged; distinct,
separate, special
‫ متميز‬mutamayyiz distinguished,
distingue; marked, notable, prominent,
outstanding, characterized by distinctive
traits, characteristic
‫ ممتاز‬mumtāz distinguished,
differentiated; exquisite, select, choice,
rare; outstanding, superior, first-rate, first-
class, top-notch, exceptional, excellent;
privileged; special, extra; (as an
examination grade) passed with
distinction, excellent │ ‫درجة ممتازة‬
(daraja) special class; ‫( ديون ممتازة‬duyūn)
privileged debts, preferred debts; ‫عدد ممتاز‬
(‘adad) special issue (of a periodical) 934
‫( ميزانين‬It. mezzanino) mēzānīn mezzanine
‫ )ماس )ميس‬māsa i (mais, ‫ ميسان‬mayasān) to
move to and fro, swing from side to side;
to walk with a proud, swinging gait V to
walk with a proud, swinging gait
‫ ميس‬mais proud gait; proud bearing
‫ ميس‬mīs pl. ‫ امياس‬amyās (eg.) target
‫ مياس‬mayyās walking with a lofty,
proud gait, strutting
2
‫( ميس‬Engl. mess), ‫ ميس الضباط‬m. aḍ-ḍubbāṭ
officers mess
‫ )ماط )ميط‬māṭa i (maiṭ, ‫ ميطان‬mayaṭān) to
remove, pull away, draw back (‫ ھـ‬s.th.) IV
do. │ ‫ اماط اللثام عن‬to disolose, uncover,
reveal s.th., bring s.th. to light
‫ )ماع )ميع‬mā‘a i (mai‘ to flow; to spread; to
melt, dissolve (fat) II to soften, attenuate,
dilute, liquefy (‫ ھـ‬s.th.) IV to melt, liquefy
(‫ ھـ‬s.th.) V and VII to be melted, melt,
dissolve
‫ ميع‬mai‘ flowing, flow; liquidity,
fluidity
‫ ميعة‬mai‘a storax, a kind of incense
obtained from the storax tree, resin of the
storax tree (Styrax offioinalis); prime,
bloom (of youth); indulgence,
compliance; unstableness, unsteadiness
 ‫ ميوعة‬muyū‘a liquid state; unstableness,
unsteadiness
‫ اماعة‬imā‘a melting, liquefaction
‫ تميع‬tamayyu‘ liquescence, liquefaction
‫ مائع‬mā’i‘ melting, liquid, fluid;
liquescent, semiliquid; vague
(expression); undecided, pending. in flux
(situation)
‫( ميكا‬Engl.) mica
‫ ميكاني‬mikānī mechanical, mechanize
‫ ميكانيكا‬mīkānīkāhlnlhl meohanios
‫ ميكانيكي‬mīkānīkī mechanical, automatic,
mechanized, mechanic; motorized; a
mechanic
‫ ميكروب‬mikrūb pl. -āt microbe
‫ ميكروفون‬mikrōfōn pl. -āt microphone
1
‫ )مال )ميل‬mīla i (mail, ‫ ميالن‬mayalān) to bend,
bend down (‫ الى‬to; ‫ على‬over); to bow
down, lean over, turn (‫ على‬to s.o.); to
incline, slope, slant, tilt, tip, be inclined,
slanting, oblique; to incline, tend. be
favorably disposed (‫ الى‬to), have a
predilection, a liking, an inclination, a
propensity (‫ الى‬for), feel sympathy (‫الى‬
for). sympathize (‫ الى‬with), favor (‫ الى‬s.o.);
to take side, to side (‫ مع‬with), be partial,
biased, prejudiced; to lean (‫ على‬against); to
revolt, rebel (‫ على‬against), be hostile (‫على‬
to s.o.); to be disinclined, be averse (‫ عن‬to
s.th.); to have an antipathy, a distaste, a
dislike (‫ عن‬for); to deviate, digress, turn
away, depart (‫ عن‬from); ‫ مال به الى‬to drag
or take s.o. or s.th. along to ...; -- (‫ميول‬
muyūl) to prepare to set (sun); to decline,
draw to its end (day, night); -- ‫ ميل‬mayila
a (mayal) to be bent, bowed, tilted,
averted, turned aside II and IV to incline,
tip, tilt, bend, bow (‫ ھـ‬s.th.); to make (‫ه‬
s.o.) inclined, sympathetic or favorably
disposed (‫ نحو‬or ‫ الى‬to s.o., to s.th.),
incline, dispose (‫ ه‬s.o.’s mind ‫ نحو‬or ‫الى‬
to), fill (‫ ه‬s.o.) with sympathy (‫ الى‬for); to
make (‫ ه‬s.o.) disinclined or averse (‫ عن‬to),
turn s.o.’s mind (‫ )ه‬away from (‫)عن‬,
alienate (‫ عن ه‬s.o. from) V and VI to reel,
totter, stagger; to waver (tone); to sway,
swing X to cause to incline, incline, tip,
tilt (‫ ھـ‬s.th., ‫ الى‬to or toward); to win (‫ ه‬s.o.,
also ‫ القلوب‬the hearts), attract, win over,
bring to one’s side (‫ ه‬s.o.), gain favor (‫ه‬
with s.o.), win s.o.’s (‫ )ه‬affection
‫ ميل‬mail pl. ‫ ميول‬muyūl, ‫ اميال‬amyāl
inclination, tilt; bend, turn, deflection;
obliqueness, obliquity, slant; slope,
incline, declivity; deviation, divergence,
declination (astron.); affection (‫ الى‬for),
935 attachment (‫ الى‬to); predilection,
liking, sympathy (‫ الى‬for); propensity,
disposition, bent, leaning, inclination,
taste, desire, wish, longing; tendency,
trend, drift (‫ الى‬to, toward)
‫ ميال‬mayyāl inclined, favorably
disposed (‫ الى‬to), leaning (‫ الى‬toward); in
favor (‫ الى‬of), biased (‫ الى‬toward or for)
‫ اميل‬amyal2 more inclined, strongly
inclined (‫ الى‬to), more in favor (‫ الى‬of)
‫ امالة‬imāla pronunciation of a shaded
toward e (gram.)
‫ تمايل‬tamāyul reel(ing), swaying,
tottering, stagger(ing), waver(ing);
vibration
‫ مائل‬mā’il inclining (‫ الى‬to or toward);
bending down, bowing down, leaning
over; bent, tilted; sloping, declivitous
(terrain); inclined, slanting, oblique │ ‫سطح‬
‫( مائل‬saṭḥ) inclined plane (math.)
2
‫ ميل‬mīl pl. ‫ اميال‬amyāl mile (= 4000 ‫;)ذراع‬
milestone │ ‫( ميل بحري‬baḥrī) nautical
mile, knot
3
‫ ميلي‬milli-, 1/1000 (in measures)
‫ )مان )مين‬māna i (main) to lie, tell a lie
‫ مين‬main pl. ‫ ميون‬muyūn lie, falsehood,
untruth
‫ ميان‬mayyān and ‫ مائن‬mā’in liar
1
‫ ميناء‬mīnā and ‫ ميناء‬mīnā’ glaze, glazing;
enamel (of the teeth; as a coating of metal,
glass, or pottery); (pl. ‫ موانئ‬mawāni’) dial
(of a watch or clock) │ ‫( مطلى بالمينا‬maṭlīy)
enamel-coated, enameled
2
‫ميناء‬mīnā’ f. and ‫ مينة‬mīna pl. ‫ موان‬mawānin,
‫ مين‬miyan port, harbor, anchorage │ ‫ميناء‬
‫( جوية‬jawwīya) airport
‫ن‬

‫ نابلس‬nābulus2 Nablus (town in W Jordan)
‫ نابلي‬nābulī or ‫ نابولي‬nābūlī Napoli, Naples
(seaport in S Italy)
‫ نارجيل‬nārajīl coconut(s) (coll.)
2
‫ ناي‬nāy pl. -āt nay, a flute without mouth-
‫ نارجيلة‬nārajīla (n. un.) coconut; Persian
water pipe, narghile
‫ ناردين‬nāradīn nard, spikenard
‫ نارنج‬naranj bitter orange
‫ نازي‬nāzī Nazi
‫ نازية‬nāzīya Nazism
‫ ناس‬nās men, people, folks (cf. ‫)انس‬
‫ ناسوت‬nāsūt human nature, humanity
1
‫ نأم‬na’ama i a to sound, resound, ring out; to
groan, moan
‫ نأمة‬na’ma noise, sound, tone
2 ‫ انبوبي‬unbūbī tubular, tube-shaped,
‫ نؤوم‬na’um see ‫نوم‬
‫ ناموس‬nāmūs pl. ‫ نواميس‬nawāmīs2 law; rule;
‫ نبأ‬naba’a a (‫ نبء‬nab’, ‫ نبوء‬nubū’) to be high,
honor; see also ‫نمس‬
1
‫ نأى‬na’ā a (na’y) to be far, far away, distant,
remote (‫ عن‬from), keep away, stay away,
keep at a distance, remain aloof, go away,
move away, depart, absent o.s. (‫ عن‬from),
leave (‫ عن‬s.th., s.o.) III to keep far away,
keep at a distance (‫ عن ھـ‬or ‫ ه‬s.o. or s.th.
from), keep a wide distance (‫ ه‬،‫ ھـ‬between
s.o. or s.th., ‫ عن‬and) IV to remove, move
away, take away, place at a distance (‫عن ه‬
s.o. from) VI to move away, move apart,
draw sway from one another; to be away
from one another, be at a distance, be
separated, be apart; to keep away, stand
aloof, be away, be at a distance (‫ عن‬from)
VIII to 936 be away, be at a distance (‫عن‬
from); to go away, move away, draw
away, depart, absent o.s. (‫ عن‬from), leave
(‫ عن‬s.th., s.o.)
‫ نأي‬na’y remoteness
‫ نأي‬na’y and ‫ نؤى‬nu’ā pl. ‫ آناء‬anā’, ‫انآء‬
an’ā’ ditch
‫ انأى‬an’ā farther away, remoter, more
distant
‫ منأى‬man’an distant place │ ‫كان بمنأى عن‬
to keep away from, remain aloof from,
keep out of, not get involved in, refuse to
have anything to do with
‫ تناء‬tanā’in great distance, remoteness
‫ ناء‬nā’in far, far away, distant, remote;
outlying, out-of-the-way, secluded
piece, made of bamboo, rarely of wood, in
different sizes, which, when blown, is
held in a slanting forward position (unlike
a German flute)
‫ انبوب‬unbūb and ‫ انبوبة‬unbūba pl. ‫انابيب‬
anābīb2 ‫على‬int (of a knotted stem), part
between two nodes; tube, pipe, conduit,
conduit pipe, main duct; tube (e.g., of
toothpaste); light bulb │ ‫ انبوب الرئة‬u. ar-
ri’a windpipe, trachea (anat.); ‫انبوب‬
‫ الطوربيد‬torpedo tube; ‫( انبوب مفرغ‬mufarrag)
vacuum tube (radio); ‫ خط األنابيب‬kaṭṭ al-a.
pipeline
fistulous; pipe- (in compounds)
raised, elevated, protruding, projecting,
prominent; to overcome, overpower,
overwhelm (‫ على‬s.o.); to turn away,
withdraw, shrink (‫ عن‬from); to be
repelled, repulsed, sickened, disgusted,
shocked (‫ عن‬by) II to inform, notify, tell,
advise (‫ عن‬or ‫ ب ه‬s.o. of s.th.), let (‫ ه‬s.o.)
know (‫ عن‬or ‫ ب‬about), make known,
announce, impart, communicate (‫ عن‬or ‫ب ه‬
to s.o. s.th.); to be evidence (‫ عن‬of), show,
indicate, manifest, bespeak, reveal,
disclose (‫ عن‬s.th.) IV to inform, notify,
tell, advise (‫ ب ه‬s.o. of), let (‫ ه‬s.o.) know (
‫ ب‬about), make known, announce, impart,
communicate (‫ ب ه‬to s.o. s.th.) V to
predict, foretell, forecast, prognosticate,
presage, prophesy (‫ ب‬s.th.); to claim to be
a prophet, pose as a prophet X to ask for
news, for information (‫ ه‬s.o.); to inquire (
‫ ھـ‬after), ask (‫ ھـ‬about)
‫ نبأ‬naba’ pl. ‫ انباء‬anbā’ news, tidings
information, intelligence; announcement,
report, news item, dispatch │ ‫وكالة األنباء‬
wakālat al-a. or ‫ مكتب األنباء‬maktab al-a.
news agency, wire service
‫ نبأة‬nab’a faint noise, low sound
‫ نبوءة‬nubū’a pl. -āt prophecy
 ‫ انباء‬inbā’ pl. -āt notification,
information, communication
‫ تنبؤ‬tanabbu’ pl. -āt prediction, forecast,
prognostication, prophecy
‫ نبت‬nabata u (nabt) to grow (esp., of plants,
also, e.g., of teeth); to sprout, germinate; ‫ نبذ‬nabada i (nabd) to hurl, fling, throw, or
to produce plants, bring forth vegetation
(soil) II to plant, sow, seed (‫ ھـ‬s.th.) IV to
germinate, cause to sprout (‫ ھـ‬a seed); to
make (‫ ھـ‬s.th.) grow; to grow, plant,
cultivate (‫ ھـ‬s.th ) X to plant, cultivate,
grow, raise (‫ ھـ‬plants); to breed (‫ ھـ‬plants),
culture (‫ ھـ‬e.g., bacteria)
‫ نبت‬nabt germination, sprouting;
growth; vegetable growth, vegetation,
plants; herbage, herbs, grass; sprout, plant
│ ‫ قوة النبت‬qūwat an-n. germinability,
germinative faculty
‫ نبتة‬nabta plant, sprout, shoot, seedling
‫ نبات‬nabāt (coll.) plants, vegetation; --
(pl. -āt) plant, vegetable organism; herb │
‫( نبات اقتصادي‬iqtiṣādī) economic 937 plant;
‫ نبات الزينة‬n. az-zīna ornamental plant; ‫نبات‬
‫( طبي‬ṭibbī) medicinal plant; ‫آكل النبات‬
herbivorous animal; ‫ سكر النبات‬sukar an-n.
rock candy; ‫‘ علم النبات‬ilm an-n. botany
‫ نباتي‬nabātī vegetable, vegetal, plant-
(in compounds); botanical; botanist;
vegetarian (adj. and n.)
‫ نبوت‬nabbūt pl. ‫ نبابيت‬nabābīt2 (eg.)
quarterstaff, cudgel, bludgeon, club,
truncheon, night stick
‫ منبت‬manbat, manbit pl. ‫ منابت‬manābit2
plantation, plant nursery, arboretum;
hotbed, birthplace, fountainhead,
headspring, origin, source
‫ تنبيت‬tanbīt planting, cultivation, seed-
bed planting
‫ استنبات‬istinbāt planting, cultivation,
growing
‫ نابتة‬nābita generation
‫ مستنبت‬mustanbat cultivated, grown,
raised, bred; plantation, nursery, culture │
O ‫ مستنبت البكتريا‬bacterial culture
‫ نبح‬nabaḥa a (nabḥ, ‫ نباح‬nubāḥ, nibāḥ, ‫نبيح‬
nabīḥ to bark (‫ على‬at s.o.), bay (‫ على‬s.o.)
VI to bark at each other; to bark
simultaneously, answer each other’s barks
(dogs, e.g., at night)
‫ نبح‬nabḥ, ‫ نباح‬nubāḥ, nibāḥ and ‫نبيح‬
nabīḥ barking, bark, baying, yelp(ing)
‫ نباح‬nabbāḥ barker, yelper
toss, away (. s.th.); to reject, discard,
spurn (‫ ھـ‬s.th.); to cut out, cast off,
ostracize, expel, banish, disown,
repudiate, remove, eliminate, dismiss,
abandon, forsake, give up, renounce (‫ ه‬،‫ھـ‬
s.o., s.th.); to withdraw, turn away (‫ھـ‬
from), relinquish, forswear (‫ ھـ‬s.th.); to
break, violate, infringe (‫ ھـ‬a contract, a
treaty), default (‫ الى‬against s.o.) │ ‫نبذه نبذ‬
‫( النواة‬nabda n-nawāh) to reject or dismiss
s.th. or s.o. with disdain, spurn or scorn
s.th. or s.o. II = I; to press (‫ ھـ‬grapes) III to
separate, secede, withdraw (‫ ه‬from s.o.),
oppose, resist (‫ ه‬s.o.) │ ‫( نابذة الحرب‬ḥarba)
to declare war on s.o. IV to press (‫ھـ‬
grapes) VI to be feuding nil to withdraw,
retire, retreat │ ‫( انتبذ ناحية‬nāḥiyatan) to
step aside, withdraw to one side; to retreat
into a comer
‫ نبذ‬nabd throwing away, discarding;
rejection, repudiation, disavowal;
renunciation, resignation; surrender,
relinquishment, abandonment; (pl. ‫انباذ‬
anbād) small amount, a little, a trifle,
bagatelle │ ‫ نبذ الطاعة‬insubordination
‫ نبذة‬nubda pl. ‫ نبذ‬nubad small piece,
part, portion, fragment, fraction, section;
(newspaper) article, story; tract, pamphlet,
leaflet; small ad(vertisement)
‫ نبيذ‬nabīd cast-off, discarded, rejected,
disowned, repudiated, dismissed; (pl. ‫انبذة‬
anbida) wine │ ‫ روح النبيذ‬rūḥ an-n. spirits
of wine, alcohol
‫ نابذ‬nābid: O ‫( القوة النابذة‬qūwa)
centrifugal force
‫ منبوذ‬manbūd caot-off, discarded; cast-
out, ostracized, banished, expelled,
disowned, repudiated; abandoned;
foundling, waif; neglected, disregarded;
‫ المنبوذون‬the untouchables (in India), the
pariahs
‫ نبر‬nabara i (nabr) to raise, elevate; to go up
with the voice, sing in a high, pitched
 voice; to stress, emphasize, accentuate; to
shout, yell, scream (‫ ه‬at s.o.); to cry out
VIII to swell, become swollen
‫ نبر‬nabr accentuation, accent, stress,
emphasis
‫ نبر‬nibr and ‫ انبار‬anbār pl. ‫ انابر‬anābir2,
‫ انابير‬anābīr barn, shed, granary,
storeroom, storehouse, warehouse 938
‫ نبرة‬nabra pl. nabarāt swelling,
intumescence, protuberance; stress,
accent, accentuation; tone (of the voice);
pl. ‫ نبرات‬inflection of the voice, intonation,
cadence
‫ منبر‬minbar pl. ‫ منابر‬manābīr2 mimbar;
pulpit; rostrum, platform, dais
‫ منبار‬minbār pl. ‫ منابير‬manābīr gut,
intestine │ ‫( منبار محشي‬maḥšīy) sausage
‫ نبراس‬nibrās pl. ‫ نباريس‬nabārīs2 lamp, light,
lantern │ ‫( اتخذ منه نبراسا‬ittakada) to take
s.o. for an example, model o.s. after s.o.
‫ نبز‬nabaza i (nabz) to give a derisive or
insulting name (‫ ه‬to s.o.) II do.
‫ نبز‬nabaz pl. ‫ انباز‬anbāz nickname,
sobriquet
‫ نبس‬nabasa i (nabs, ‫ نبسة‬nubsa), to utter, say,
speak II do. │ ‫( ما نبس بكلمة‬bikalima) he did
not say a word
‫ نبش‬nabaša u (nabš) to excavate, dig
up, dig out of the ground, unearth,
exhume, disinter (‫ ھـ‬s.th.); to uncover, lay
open, unveil, disclose, reveal, bring to
light, bring out into the open (‫ ھـ‬s.th.) II to
search, rummage, burrow (‫ في‬in s.th.),
ransack, rifle (‫ في‬s.th.)
‫ نبش‬nabš excavation, unearthing,
digging up; examination, search,
exploration; uncovering, disclosure,
revelation │ ‫ نبش القبور‬desecration of
graves, body snatching
‫ نباش‬nabbāš gravedigger; body snatcher
‫ نبيش‬nabīš dug up, excavated
‫ انبوش‬unbūš and ‫ انبوشة‬unbūša pl. ‫انابيش‬
anābīš excavation, excavated object
‫ نبض‬nabaḍa i (nabḍ, ‫ نبضان‬nabaḍān) to beat,
throb, pulsate, palpitate (heart, pulse); -- u
(‫ نبوض‬nubūḍ) to flow off, run off, drain
(water)
‫ نبض‬nabḍ, nabaḍ pl. ‫ انباض‬anbāḍ
throbbing, throb, pulsation, palpitation;
pulse
‫ نبضة‬nabḍa, nabaḍa pulsation, pulse
beat
‫ نابض‬nābiḍ pulsating, pulsative,
beating, throbbing, palpitating; spring,
main-spring, coil spring, spiral spring │
‫( نابض بالحياة‬bi-l-ḥayāh) vibrant with life
‫ منبض‬manbiḍ spot where the pulse or
heartbeat is felt
‫ نبط‬nabaṭa u i (nabṭ, ‫ نبوط‬nubūṭ) to well out,
gush out, spout, issue, stream forth (water)
II (eg.) to find fault (‫ على‬with s.o.), carp,
scoff, gibe, sneer (‫ على‬at s.o.) IV to cause (
‫ ھـ‬s.th.) to gush out or well forth, bring (‫ھـ‬
s.th.) to the surface; to find, discover (‫ھـ‬
water, oil, etc.), come upon (‫)ھـ‬, open up,
tap (.a a source, a well, etc.) X to find,
discover (‫الى‬I water, oil, etc.), come upon (
‫)ھـ‬, open up, tap (‫ ھـ‬a source, a well, etc.);
to invent, discover, think up, devise,
design, contrive, find out (‫ ھـ‬s.th.); to
derive, extract, draw, take (‫ من ھـ‬s.th.
from)
‫ نبط‬nabaṭ depth, deep, profundity; the
innermost, inmost part, core, heart
‫ النبط‬an-nabaṭ pl. ‫ األنباط‬al-anbāṭ the
Nabateans
‫ نبطي‬nabaṭī Nabatean (adj. and n.)
‫ استنباط‬isṭinbāt discovery, invention
‫ مستنبط‬mustanbiṭ discoverer, inventor
‫ مستنبطات‬mustanbaṭāt discoveries,
inventions
‫ نبع‬naba‘a u i a (nab‘, ‫ نبوع‬nubū‘, ‫نبعان‬
naba‘ān) to well, well up, gush forth,
flow, issue (‫ من‬from); to rise, spring,
originate (river) IV to cause (‫ ھـ‬s.th.) to
gush forth or flow out
‫ نبع‬nab‘ a tree whose wood was used in
arrow-making; spring, source │ 939 ‫قرع‬
‫( النبع بالنبع‬nab‘a) approx.: to cross swords
with the opponent
‫ منبع‬manba‘ pl. ‫ منابع‬manābi‘2 spring,
well; fountainhead, springhead, source,
origin │ ‫ منبع زيت‬m. zait or ‫ منبع بترول‬oil
well
 ‫ ينبوع‬yanbū’ pl. ‫ ينابيع‬yanābī‘2 spring,
source, well
‫ نبغ‬nabaga a u i (nabg, ‫ نبوغ‬nubūg) to arise,
emerge (‫ من‬from), come to the fore, come
in eight, appear, show; to spread, diffuse,
be diffused; to have superior or
extraordinary qualities, stand out,
distinguish o.s., be distinguished, be
marked; to excel, be outstanding (‫ في‬in);
to be an outstanding, exceptional man, be
a genius
‫ نبوغ‬nubūg eminence, distinction;
superior or extraordinary qualities,
exceptional faculties, giftedness, talent,
genius; outstanding greatness, brilliancy,
genius (of an artistic achievement)
‫ نابغ‬nābig outstanding, distinguished;
gifted, talented; man of genius, brilliant
person
‫ نابغة‬nābiga pl. ‫ نوابغ‬nawābig2 a
distinguished, famous, or outstanding
man, a poetic genius
‫ نبق‬nabq, nibq, nabaq, nabiq (coll.; n. un. ‫)ة‬
nabk, a Christ’s-thorn (Zizyphus spina-
christi; bot.); lotus fruit; lotu. blossom
‫ انبيق‬anbīq, inbīq pl. ‫ انابيق‬anābīq2
alembic, distilling flask
‫ نبكة‬nabka, nabaka hill, hillock
‫ نبل‬nabala u (nabl) to shoot arrows (‫ ه‬at s.o.);
-- nabula u (‫ نبالة‬nabāla) to be noble,
noble-minded, generous, magnanimous,
highborn, patrician; to be above s.th. (‫)عن‬,
be too high-minded to stoop to (‫)عن‬
‫ نبل‬nabl (coll.; n. un. ‫ )ة‬pl. ‫ نبال‬nibāl,
‫ انبال‬anbāl arrows
‫ نبل‬nubl and ‫ نبالة‬nabāla nobility,
nobleness, exalted, rank, or station,
eminence; noble-mindedness, high-
mindedness, magnanimity, generosity
‫ نبل‬nabl and ‫ نبيل‬nabīl pl. ‫ نبال‬nibāl, ‫نبالء‬
nubalā’2 noble; lofty. exalted, sublime,
august; aristocratic, highborn, highbred,
patrician, distinguished; noble-minded,
high-minded, generous, magnanimous;
excellent, outstanding, superior;
magnificent, splendid, glorious; ‫ النبيل‬pl.
‫( النبالء‬formerly:) title of members of the
Egyptian royal family
‫ نبال‬nabbāl pl. ‫ نبالة‬nabbāla and ‫نابل‬
nābil pl. ‫ نبل‬nubbāl archer, bowman
‫ نبه‬nabaha u, nabiha a and nabuha u (‫نباھة‬
nabāha) to be well-known, noted,
renowned, famous; -- nabiha a (nabah) to
heed, mind, note, observe (‫ ل‬s.th.), pay
attention (‫ ل‬to), take notice (‫ ل‬of); to wake
up, awaken II to call s.o.’s attention (‫ )ه‬to (
‫ الى‬or ‫)على‬, point out, show, indicate (‫ الى‬or
‫ على ه‬to s.o. s.th.); to inform, tell, apprise,
notify (‫ الى‬or ‫ على ه‬s.o. of); to remind (‫الى ه‬
s.o. of); to inform, instruct, brief (‫ على ه‬s.o.
about); to warn, caution (‫ ه‬s.o.); to wake,
awakn, rouse (‫ من النوم ه‬s.o. from sleep); to
arouse, alert, stir up, excite, stimulate (‫ه‬
s.o.) IV to awaken, rouse (‫ ه‬s.o., ‫ ھـ‬s.th.) V
to perceive, notice, note, realize (‫ ل‬or ‫ الى‬s.
th.), become aware, become conscious (‫ل‬
or ‫ الى‬of); to be alerted, have one’s
attention drawn (‫ ل‬or ‫ على‬،‫ الى‬to), take
notice (‫ ل‬or ‫ على‬،‫ الى‬of), pay attention (‫ ل‬or
‫ على‬،‫ الى‬to), be mindful, heedful (‫ ل‬or ،‫الى‬
‫ على‬of); to wake up, awaken; to come to,
regain consciousness (with ‫ لنفسه‬li-nafsihī)
VIII to be on one’s guard, be wary,
cautious, careful; to be awake, alert,
wakeful; to awaken, wake up; to perceive,
notice, note, observe (‫ الى‬or ‫ ل‬s.th.); to
understand, realize, grasp, comprehend (
‫ الى‬or ‫ ل‬s.th.); to be 940 aware, be
conscious (‫ الى‬or ‫ ل‬of s.th.); to pay
attention (‫ الى‬or ‫ ل‬to); to come to, regain
consciousness (with ‫ لنفسه‬li-nafsihī)
‫ نبه‬nubh insight, discernment,
perception, acumen, sagacity;
understanding, attention; vigilance,
alertness
‫ نبه‬nabih and ‫ نبيه‬nabīh pl. ‫ نبھاء‬nubahā’2
noble, highborn, patrician; outstanding,
eminent, distinguished, excellent; famous,
renowned, celebrated; understanding,
sensible, discerning, judicious,
perspicacious
‫ نباھة‬nabāha fame, renown, celebrity;
exalted rank or station, eminence,
nobility; vigilance, alertness; intelligence
‫ منبھة‬manbaha a call to draw s.o.’s
attention to s.th. (‫)على‬, rousing call,
incitement, impetus, incentive (‫ على‬to)
‫ تنبيه‬tanbīh rousing, awakening;
excitation, stimulation, incitement,
 arousing; warning, cautioning, alerting;
notification, notice, information;
admonition, exhortation, advice, counsel,
briefing, instruction, direction; nota bene,
note, remark, annotation (in books) │ ‫آلة‬
‫ التنبيه‬horn (of an automobile, etc.)
‫ تنبه‬tanabbuh awakening, wakefulness,
alertness
‫ انتباه‬intibāh attention, attentiveness;
vigilance, watchfulness, alertness;
foresight, circumspection, prudence, care,
carefulness; caution; heed, notice,
observance │ ‫ بانتباه‬attentively, carefully
‫ نابه‬nābih noble, highborn, patrician;
eminent; well-known, renowned,
distinguished; famous, important
‫ منبه‬munabbih awakening, rousing;
warning, cautioning, alerting; excitant,
stimulant; (pl. -āt) alarm clock; stimulus,
stimulative agent, stimulant, excitant
‫ متنبه‬mutanabbih awake, wakeful; alert,
vigilant, watchful
‫ منتبه‬muntabih awake, wakeful; alert,
vigilant, watchful; attentive, heedful;
careful, prudent, cautious, wary, guarded
‫ )نبا )نبو‬nabā u (‫ نبو‬nabw, nubūw) to be far off,
distant, remote; to move away, withdraw
in the distance; to mill (arrow, ‫ عن‬the
target); to bounce off, rebound, bounce,
bound (‫ الى عن‬from-to; ball); to disagree (
‫ عن‬with); to be contradictory (‫ عن‬to), to
conflict, be in conflict, be inconsistent (‫عن‬
with); to be offensive, repugnant (‫ عن‬to
s.o.); to dislike, find repugnant (‫ عن‬s.th.)
│ ‫( نبا به المكان‬makānu) he felt unable to
remain in the place
‫ نبي‬nabīy pl. -ūn, ‫ انبياء‬anbiyā’2 prophet
│ ‫ خشب األنبياء‬guaiacum wood
‫ نبوي‬nabawī prophetic, of or pertaining
to a prophet or specifically to the Prophet
Mohammed
‫ نبوة‬nubūwa prophethood, prophecy
‫ ناب‬nābin repugnant, distasteful,
improper, ugly
‫ نتأ‬nata’a a (‫ نتء‬nat’, ‫ نتوء‬nutū’) to swell; to
bulge, bulge out; to protrude, project, jut
out, stand out, be prominent, protuberant,
embossed, in relief
‫ نتأة‬nat’a hill, hillock, elevation
‫ نتوء‬nutū’ swelling, intumescence;
growth, tumor; outgrowth, excrescence;
protrusion, projection, protuberance,
prominence, bulge; hill, hillock, elevation
│ ‫ نتوء الجبھة‬n. al-jabha salient, bulge in
the front line (mil.)
‫ ناتئ‬nati’ pl. ‫ نواتئ‬nawāti’2 swelling,
swollen; protruding, projecting, jutting
out, salient, protuberant, bulging; bulge,
hump, protuberance │ ‫( ناتئ كعبري‬ku‘burī)
wristbone
‫ ناتئة‬nāti’a pl. ‫ نواتئ‬nawāti’2 projection,
protrusion, jut, prominence; outgrowth,
excrescence, protuberance; hump,
elevation 941
‫ نتج‬nataja i (‫ نتاج‬nitāj) to bear, bring forth,
throw (‫ ھـ‬a young one); to proceed, derive,
arise, follow, ensue, result (‫ من‬or ‫عن‬
from), be the result of (‫ من‬or ‫ )عن‬IV to
bear, throw (‫ ھـ‬a young one); to bring
forth, yield, generate, produce, make,
manufacture, fabricate, create, originate,
cause, provoke, bring about, occasion (‫ھـ‬
s.th.), give rise (‫ ھـ‬to) X to conclude,
gather, infer, deduce, derive, trace (‫من ھـ‬
s.th. from), draw a conclusion (‫ من‬from)
‫ نتاج‬nitāj (act or process of) bearing,
throwing, littering (of animals); brood,
litter, offspring, young ones, young
animals │ ‫ نتاج الخيل‬n. al-kail foal(s)
‫ نتيجة‬natīja pl. ‫ نتائج‬natā’ij2 result,
upshot, issue, outcome, consequence;
product, effect, immediate result, fruits,
yield, proceeds, gain, profit; (techn.)
output; conclusion, inference, deduction;
almanac, calendar; natījata (prep.)
because of, as a result of, due to, owing to
│ ‫ بالنتيجة‬consequently, hence, therefore;
‫ نتيجة الجيب‬n. al-jaib pocket calendar; ‫نتيجة‬
‫ الحائط‬wall calendar
‫ إنتاج‬intāj generation; making,
manufacture; production; rearing, raising,
breeding, growing, cultivation;
productivity; creating, creation, creative
activity; output (of a machine; O in
mining) │ ‫( اإلنتاج األدبي‬adabī) literary
production; ‫ رسم اإلنتاج‬rasm al-i. excise tax
‫ استنتاج‬istintāj pl. -āt inference,
conclusion; deduction
 ‫ ناتج‬nātij resultant, resulting, following,
ensuing, proceeding, deriving, arising (‫عن‬
from); result; maker, producer
‫ منتوج‬mantūj pl. -āt product, creation,
work, production
‫ منتج‬muntij bearing, giving birth,
producing; fruitful, productive; fertile,
fecund, prolific; conclusive (evidence);
maker, manufacturer, producer; film,
producer
‫ منتجات‬muntajāt proceeds, returns,
yields, products │ ‫( منتجات زراعية‬zirā‘īya)
agricultural products, farming products,
produce
‫ مستنتج‬mustantij maker, manufacturer,
producer
‫ نتحة‬natḥa exudation
1
‫ نتر‬natara u (natr) to grab, grasp, wrest away,
take away by force (‫ ھـ‬s.th.)
2
‫ نترات‬nitrāt nitrate
‫ نتروجين‬nitrōjēn nitrogen
‫ نتش‬nataša i (natš) to pull out, extract (‫ ھـ‬s.th.);
to pluck out, tear out (‫ ھـ‬s.th.); to snatch
away; to beat, strike, hit
‫ منتاش‬mintāš tweezers, pincette
‫ نتع‬nata‘a u i (‫ نتوع‬nutū‘) to well up, bubble
up, trickle out, ooze out, dribble, trickle; --
(eg.) to lift up, carry away (‫ ه‬s.o.)
‫ نتف‬natafa i (natf) to pluck out, pull out, tear
‫ نجب‬najuba u (‫ نجابة‬najāba) to be of noble
out (‫ ھـ‬hair, and the like) II do.
‫ نتفة‬nutfa pl. ‫ نتف‬nutaf tuft of hair; a
small amount, a little of s.th.
‫ نتيف‬natīf pulled out, torn out; plucked
‫ نتن‬natana i, natina a (natn) and natuna u (‫نتانة‬
natāna, ‫ نتونة‬nutūna) to have an offensive
smell, be malodorous, stink; to
decompose, rot, decay, become putrid II
to render putrid, putrefy (‫ ھـ‬s.th.); to cause
to decay or rot, decompose (‫ ھـ‬s.th.) IV = I
‫ نتن‬natn and ‫ نتانة‬natāna stench, evil
smell, malodor; rotting, putrescence,
putrefaction, decomposition; decay
‫ نتن‬natin stinking, evil-smelling,
malodorous; rotten, putrid, putrescent,
putrefied, decayed, decomposed; (eg.)
miserly, closefisted, stingy, niggardly 942
‫ منتن‬munattan putrefied, putrescent,
rotten, decayed, decomposed
‫ منتن‬muntin stinking, evil-smelling,
malodorous; rotting, putrescent, putrid,
decayed
‫ نثر‬natara u i (natr, ‫ نثار‬nitār) to scatter,
disperse, strew, sprinkle (‫ على ھـ‬s.th. over
or on); to write in prose (‫ ھـ‬s.th.) II to
scatter, disperse, strew about (‫ ھـ‬s.th.) VI
and VIII to be scattered, about, be strewn
about, be dispersed; to scatter, disperse; to
fall off, fall out
‫ نثر‬natr scattering, dispersal,
dispersion; prose
‫ نثر‬natrī prose, prosaic, in prose; small,
little, insignificant, trifling, petty; ‫نثريات‬
sundries, miscellany │ ‫مصاريف نثرية‬
incidental expenses; petty expenses
‫ نثار‬nattār scattered fragments; floating
particles (dust); tiny pieces; O confetti
‫ نثر‬natīr scattered, dispersed
‫ تناثر‬tanātur dispersion (e.g., of a
machine gun)
‫ ناثر‬nātir prose writer, prosaist
‫ منثور‬mantūr scattered, dispersed,
strewn about; prosaic, prose; wall-flower,
gillyflower (Cheiranthus cheiri; bot.); see
also ‫ ھباء‬habā’
‫ متناثر‬mutanātir scattered
birth, be highborn, aristocratic, patrician,
noble, distinguished, excellent,
highminded, generous, magnanimous IV
do.; to give birth (‫ ه‬to a child), bear (‫ ه‬a
child); to beget, sire (‫ ه‬s.o.) │ ‫ انجب منھا‬he
had children by her VIII and X to choose,
select, pick out (‫ ھـ‬s.th.)
‫ نجب‬najb and ‫ نجبة‬nujaba noble,
highminded, generous, magnanimous
‫ نجابة‬najāba nobility, nobleness, noble
descent, exalted rank or station, eminence;
excellence, superiority, perfection
‫ نجيب‬najīb pl. ‫ نجب‬nujub, ‫ نجباء‬nujabā’2,
‫ انجاب‬anjāb of noble breed; highborn,
highbred, of noble descent, noble,
distinguished, aristocratic, patrician;
excellent, superior, outstanding
 ‫ نجاب‬najjāb dromedary rider, courier
‫ انتجاب‬intijāb choice; selection
‫ نجح‬najaḥa a (najḥ, nujḥ, ‫ نجاح‬najāḥ) to turn
out well, come off well, succeed; to
progress well, develop satisfactorily; to
succeed, have success (‫ في‬in), be
successful; to pass (‫ في االمتحان‬the
‫ نجذ‬najada i (nad) to importune (‫ ه‬s.o.)
examination) II and IV to give (‫ ه‬s.o.)
successful (‫ ه‬،‫ ھـ‬s.o., s.th.) succeed, render
successful (‫ ه‬،‫ ھـ‬s.o., s.th.), make (‫ ھـ‬s.th.)
a success
‫ نجح‬nujḥ favorable, successful outcome,
happy ending; success; satisfactory
development, good progress
‫ نجاح‬najāḥ favorable, successful
outcome, happy ending; success;
satisfactory development, good progress;
passing (of an examination) │ ‫لقي نجاحا‬
(laqiya) to have success, be successful,
succeed, meet with success
‫ نجيح‬najīḥ sound, good (advice,
opinion)
‫ انجاح‬injāḥ success
‫ ناجح‬nājiḥ successful; passing, having
passed (examination)
‫ نجد‬najada i (najd) to help, aid, assist, support
(‫ ه‬s.o.), stand by s.o. (‫)ه‬, najida a (najad)
to sweat, perspire II to furnish (‫ ھـ‬s.th.); to
upholster (‫ ھـ‬s.th.), to comb, card, tease (
‫ القطن‬al-quṭna cotton) III = najada IV =
najada; to travel in the highland (of
Arabia) X to ask for help (‫ ه‬s.o.), appeal
for help) to s.o.), seek aid (‫ ه‬or ‫ ب‬from
s.o.), to take liberties, make bold (‫ على‬with
s.o.) ٩٤٣ ‫ه‬
‫ نجد‬najd pl. ‫ نجاد‬nijād highland, upland,
tableland, plateau; the Arabian highland,
Nejd
‫ نجدي‬najdī Nejd, Nejdi, native of Nejd
‫ نجدة‬najda pl. najadāt help, aid, succor,
assistance, support; emergency, crisis,
trouble, difficulty, distress, calamity;
courage, bravery, intrepidity,
undauntedness, pl. auxiliaries,
reinforcements │ ‫ !النجدة! النجدة‬help! help!
‫ بوليس النجدة‬approx.: riot squad (Eg.)
‫ نجاد‬sword belt │ ‫ طويل النجاد‬tall, of tall
stature
‫ نجاد‬nijād upholsterer; (pl. ‫ )نجادة‬a kind
of boy scout (syr.)
‫ نجادة‬nijāda upholsterer’s trade,
upholstery
‫ تنجيد‬tanjīd upholstering, upholstery
work
‫ مناجذ‬manājid 2 moles (zool.)
‫ ناجذ‬nājid pl. ‫ نواجذ‬nawājd2 molar │ ‫ابدى‬
‫( عن نواجذه‬abdā) to show one’s teeth,
display a hostile, threatening attitude (‫ل‬
toward s.o.); ‫‘( عض بالنواجذ‬aḍḍa) to grit
one’s teeth; ‫( عض على ناجذيه‬nājidaihi) to
have reached the age of manhood; ‫عض‬
‫ بالنواجذ على‬to cling stubbornly to ..., stick
doggedly to ...
‫ نجر‬najara u (najr) to hew, carve, plane (‫ھـ‬
wood)
‫ نجر‬najr heat, hot time of the day
‫ نجار‬najjār pl. -ūn carpenter,
cabinetmaker, joiner
‫ نجار‬nujār origin, descent, stock, root
‫ نجارة‬nujāra wood shavings
‫ نجارة‬nijāra woodworking,
cabinetwork, joinery, carpentry
‫ منجر‬minjar pl. ‫ مناجر‬manajir2 plane
(tool)
‫ منجور‬manjūr pulley; sheave;
waterwheel; woodwork, paneling,
wainscoting
‫ نجز‬najaza u (najz) to carry out, execute,
implement, realize, accomplish, fulfill,
complete (‫ ھـ‬s.th.); -- najiza a (najaz) to be
carried out, be executed, be implemented,
be realized, be accomplished, be
completed, be achieved II to carry out,
execute, implement, realize, effect(uate},
accomplish (‫ ھـ‬s.th.); to fulfill, grant,
answer (‫ ھـ‬a wish, and the like) III to fight,
battle, struggle (‫ ه‬against s.o.) IV to carry
out, execute, implement, realize,
effect(uate), accomplish, complete,
consummate (‫ ھـ‬s.th.); to do (‫ ھـ‬work, a
job); to perform (‫ ھـ‬an action, an
operation); to fulfill (‫ ھـ‬a promise),
discharge (‫ ھـ‬a duty); to finish (‫ على‬s.o.)
 off, deal (‫ على‬s.o.) the deathblow X to ask
for the fulfillment (‫ ھـ‬of a promise)
‫ نجز‬najz and ‫ نجاز‬najāz execution,
implementation, realization, effectuation,
completion, consummation,
accomplishment, achievement,
fulfillment, discharge
‫ تنجيز‬tanjīz and ‫ انجاز‬injāz execution,
implementation, realization, effectuation,
accomplishment, achievement,
completion, consummation; performance;
fulfillment, discharge
‫ مناجزة‬munājaza and ‫ تناجز‬tanājuz fight,
struggle, contention, strife
‫ ناجز‬nājiz completed; full, total, whole,
entire, complete, consummate
‫ نجس‬najusa u (‫ نجاسة‬najāsa) and najisa a
(najas) to be impure, unclean, soiled,
dirty, sullied, stained, tainted II and IV to
soil, sully, dirty, pollute, contaminate,
defile, stain, taint (‫ ھـ‬s.th.) V to be or
become impure, unclean, soiled, sullied,
polluted, contaminated, defiled, stained,
944 tainted; to sully o.s., contaminate o.s.,
defile o.s.
‫ نجس‬najas and ‫ نجاسة‬najāsa impurity,
uncleanness, uncleanliness, dirt, filth,
squalor
‫ نجس‬najis pl. ‫ انجاس‬anjās impure,
unclean, defiled, polluted, contaminated,
soiled, sullied, dirty, filthy, squalid
‫ نجس‬najis and ‫ نجيس‬najīs incurable,
fatal (disease)
‫ تنجيس‬tanjīs soiling, sullying,
defilement, contamination, pollution
‫ نجاشي‬najāšī, nijāšī Negus, Emperor of
Ethiopia
‫ نجع‬naja‘a a (naj‘, ‫ نجوع‬nujū‘) to be useful,
beneficial, salutary, have a wholesome
effect II and IV do. VIII to take refuge (‫ه‬
with s.o.), resort, have recourse (‫ ه‬to); to
seek (‫ ھـ‬rest, and the like) X to seek (‫ھـ‬
pasture, rest, relaxation)
‫ نجع‬naj‘ pl. ‫ نجوع‬nujū‘ hamlet, small
village
‫ نجعة‬nuj‘a search for food
‫ نجيع‬najī‘ useful, beneficial;
wholesome, healthful, salubrious,
salutary; -- blood
‫ ناجع‬nāji‘ useful, beneficial;
wholesome, healthful, salubrious, salutary
‫ منتجع‬muntaja‘ refuge, retreat;
recreation center; health resort, rest center,
convalescent home, sanatorium
‫ نجف‬najaf pl. ‫ نجاف‬nijāf (sand) hill, dune; dam,
dike, levee; ‫ النجف‬an-najaf An Najaf (town
in central Iraq)
‫ نجفة‬najafa pl. -āt chandelier, luster
‫ نجل‬najala u (najl) to beget, sire, father (‫ ه‬a
son)
‫ نجل‬najl pl. ‫ انجال‬anjāl offspring,
descendant, scion, son; progeny, issue
‫ نجيل‬najīl pl. ‫ نجل‬nujūl a variety of
orchard grass (Dactylis; bot.); herbage
‫ انجل‬anjal2, f. ‫نجالالء‬najlā’2 large-eyed;
large, big, wide (eye); gaping (wound) │
‫( طعنة نجالء‬ṭa‘na) a blow causing a gaping
wound; heavy blow or thrust
‫ منجل‬minjal pl. ‫ مناجل‬manajil2 scythe,
sickle
‫ منجلة‬manjala vise
2
‫ انجيل‬look up alphabetically
‫ نجم‬najama u (‫ نجوم‬nujūm) to appear, come in
sight, rise (star), begin, commence, set in;
to result, follow, ensue, arise, proceed,
derive, originate, spring (‫ عن‬or ‫ من‬from) │
‫( نجم قرنه‬qarnuhū) to begin to show II to
observe the stars; to predict the future
from the stars, practice astrology; to pay
in installments V to observe the stars,
predict the future from the stars
‫ نجم‬najm pl. ‫ نجوم‬nujūm installment,
partial payment; ‫ نجوما‬nujūman in
installments
‫ نجم‬najm pl. ‫ نجم‬nujūm, ‫ انجم‬anjum
celestial body; star; lucky star;
constellation, asterism; (coll.) herbs,
herbage, grass │ ‫( نجم ذو ذنب‬dū danab)
comet; ‫ نجوم السينما‬film stars, movie stars
‫ نجمة‬najma pl. najamāt star; asterisk
(typ.) │ ‫ نجمة سينمائية‬film star, movie star;
‫ مرض النجمة‬maraḍ an-n. a disease
afflicting horses
 ‫ نجمي‬najmī star-shaped, stelliform,
starlike, stellate, stellular, stellar, astral; --
in installments, installment- (in
compounds)
‫ نجيمة‬nujaima small star, starlet
‫ نجام‬najjām and ‫ منجم‬munajjim pl. -ūn
astrologer
‫ منجم‬manjam pl. ‫ مناجم‬manājim2 source,
origin; mine; pit
‫ تنجيم‬tanjīm astrology 945
‫ )نجا )نجو‬najā u (najw, ‫ نجاء‬najā’, ‫ نجاة‬najāh) to
save o.s., be saved, be rescued, make for
safety, get away (‫ من‬from), escape (‫من‬
s.th.), he delivered (‫ من‬from) │ ‫نجا بنفسه‬
(bi-nafsihī) or ‫( نجا بروحه‬bi-rūḥihī) to save
o.s. (‫ من‬from); ‫( نجا بحياته‬bi-ḥayātihī) to
save one’s life, save one’s skin; -- (najw,
‫ نجوى‬najwan) to entrust a secret (‫ ه‬to s.o.)
II and IV to deliver, save, fescue, bring to
safety (‫ ه‬s.o., ‫ من‬from) III to whisper (‫ب ه‬
to s.o. s.th.), entrust (‫ ب ه‬to s.o. s.th.
secret), take into one’s confidence (‫ ه‬s.o.),
confide (‫ ه‬in s.o.) │ ‫( ناجى نفسه‬nafsahū) to
soliloquize, talk to o.s., say to o.s. VI to
whisper to each other, carry on a
whispered conversation, converse
intimately, confidentially, exchange
secrets, exchange ideas VIII to whisper
into each other’s ear (‫ ھـ‬s.th.) X to save
o.s. (‫ من‬from), escape (‫ من‬s.th.); to he
delivered (‫ من‬from)
‫ نجا‬najan deliverance, release, rescue
‫ نجاة‬najāh escape, flight; deliverance,
rescue; salvation, redemption; safety
‫ نجو‬najw excrement
‫ نجوة‬najwa pl. ‫ نجاء‬najā’ elevation,
rising ground, upland │ ‫ في نجوة من‬free
from, far from, a long way from
‫ نجوى‬najwā pl. ‫ نجاوى‬najāwā
confidential talk, secret conversation
‫ نجي‬najīy pl. ‫ انجية‬anjiya secret;
confident, intimate friend, bosom friend
‫ منجى‬manjan safety, security (‫ من‬from)
‫ منجاة‬manjāh pl. ‫ مناج‬manājin safe place,
haven, refuge; safeguard, protection;
rescue, salvation │ ‫ كان بمنجاة من‬to he safe
from, he secure from, he safeguarded
against
‫ تنجية‬tanjiya rescue, salvation,
deliverance
‫ مناجاة‬munājāh secret conversation;
confidential talk │ ‫ مناجاة األرواح‬spiritism,
spiritualism
‫ منج‬munajjin rescuer, savior, deliverer
‫ نحب‬naḥaba i a (naḥb, ‫ نحيب‬naḥīb) and VIII to
sob, weep, cry, wail, lament
‫ نحب‬naḥb weeping, crying, sobbing.
sighing, moaning, wail(ing), lamentation;
time, period, term, span, interval; death │
‫ قضى نحبه‬qaḍā naḥbahū to fulfill one’s
vow, redeem one’s pledge; to pass away,
die, expire
‫ نحب‬naḥīb loud weeping, wail(ing),
lamentation
‫ نحت‬naḥata i u (naḥt) to hew, dress (‫ ھـ‬stone or
wood), plane, smooth, face; to carve, cut
out, hew out, chisel, sculpture; to form,
coin (‫ ھـ‬s.th.)
‫ نحت‬naḥt wood or stone dressing,
woodwork, stonework; sculpturing,
sculpture
‫ نحات‬stonemason, stonecutter, stone
dresser; sculptor
‫ نحاتة‬nuḥāta shavings, parings, chips,
splinters, slivers
‫ منحت‬minḥat pl. ‫ مناحت‬manāḥit2 chisel
‫ نحر‬naḥara u (naḥr) to cut the throat (‫ ھـ‬of an
animal) slaughter, butcher, kill (‫ ھـ‬an
animal) VI to fight; to kill each other,
hack each other to pieces, engage in
internecine fighting VIII to commit
suicide; O to be scuttled (ship) │ ‫انتحر شنقا‬
(šanqan) to hang o.s., commit suicide by
hanging
‫ نحر‬naḥr killing, slaughter(ing),
butchering │ ‫ يوم النحر‬yaum an-n. Day of
Immolation (on the 10th of Zu’lhijja)
‫ نحر‬naḥr pl. ‫ نحور‬nuḥūr upper portion
of the chest, throat 946
‫ نحر‬niḥr, and ‫ نحرير‬niḥrīr pl. ‫نحارير‬
naḥārīr2 skilled, adept, proficient, versed,
experienced (‫ في‬in)
‫ نحير‬naḥīr, and ‫ منحور‬manḥūr killed,
slaughtered, butchered
 ‫ منحر‬manḥar throat, neck
‫ انتحار‬intiḥār suicide; O scuttling
‫ منتحر‬muntaḥir suicide (person)
‫ نحيزة‬naḥīza nature, natural disposition │ ‫طيب‬
‫ النحيزة‬ṭayyib an-n. good-natured, good-
humored; ‫ كريم النحيزة‬high-minded, noble-
minded, of generous disposition
‫ نحس‬naḥasa a (naḥs) to make (‫ ه‬s.o.) unhappy,
bring (‫ ه‬s.o.) bad luck; -- naḥusa u (‫نحوسة‬
nuḥūsa, ‫ نحاسة‬naḥāsa) and naḥisa a
(naḥas) to be unlucky, ominous, ill-fated,
calamitous, ill-boding, portend evil II to
covert coat, or sheathe with copper, to
copper (‫ ھـ‬s.th.)
‫ نحس‬naḥs pl. ‫ نحوس‬nuḥūs misfortune,
calamity, disaster
‫ نحس‬naḥs, naḥis unlucky, luckless,
ominous, calamitous, disastrous, ill-fated,
ill-starred, sinister, ill-omened, ill-boding
‫ نحاس‬naḥḥās coppersmith
‫ نحاس‬nuḥās copper; (tun.) a small coin
│ ‫( نحاس اصفر‬aṣfar2) brass
‫ مناحس‬manāḥis2 ominous events
‫ منحوس‬manḥūs luckless, ill-fated, star-
crossed
‫ نحف‬naḥufa a (‫ نحافة‬naḥāfa) to be thin, slim,
slender, lean, skinny; to become thin, lose
weight IV to make thin, weaken,
debilitate, enervate, emaciate
‫ نحافة‬naḥāfa leanness, thinness,
slenderness, slimness. enervation.
emaciation, wasting away
‫ نحيف‬naḥīf pl. ‫ نحاف‬niḥāf, ‫ نحفاء‬nuḥfā’
thin, slim, slender, slight; delicate, of
fragile build; lean, gaunt, enervated,
debilitated, emaciated
‫ منحف‬manḥaf dieting resort, weight-
reducing resort
‫ منحوف‬manḥūf thin, slim, slender,
slight; lean, gaunt, enervated, debilitated,
emaciated
‫ نحل‬naḥala u a, naḥula u and naḥila a (
‫ نحول‬nuḥūl) to be emaciated; to waste
away, lose weight, grow thin; -- naḥala a
(nuḥl) to make a donation, make a present
(‫ ه‬to s.o.); to ascribe, attribute, impute
(wrongly, unduly) (‫ ھـ ه‬to s.o. s.th.) IV to
make thin, enervate, emaciate (‫ ه‬s.o.); to
weaken (‫ ھـ‬s.th.) V and esp. VIII to
ascribe to o.s., claim for o.s. (‫)لنفسه‬,
assume unduly, presume, arrogate to o.s. (
‫ ھـ‬s.th.); to embrace (‫ ھـ‬a religion); to
borrow, adopt, take over (‫ ھـ‬foreign
words); to take up (‫ ھـ‬s.th.) │ ‫انتحل اإلسالم‬
to profess Islam; ‫( انتحل اسمه‬ismahū) to
assume s.o.’s name; ‫انتحل األعرابية‬
(a‘rabīya) to claim to be a Bedouin; ‫انتحل‬
‫( األعذار‬a‘dār) to think up excuses, make
excuses, use pretexts or subterfuges; ‫انتحل‬
‫( شخصية فالن‬šakšīyata) to pass o.s. off as
s.o., purport to be ..., impersonate s.o.
‫ نحل‬naḥl (coll.; n. un. ‫ )ة‬bee
‫ نحلة‬naḥla pl. ‫ نحل‬niḥal present, gift,
donation; creed, faith, seat
‫ نحال‬naḥḥāl beekeeper, apiarist,
apiculturist
‫ نحالة‬niḥāla beekeeping, apiculture
‫ نحول‬nuḥūl leanness, skinniness,
thinness, slimness, slenderness;
enervation, emaciation, wasting away
‫ نحيل‬naḥīl and ‫ ناحل‬nāḥil pl. ‫ نحلى‬naḥlā,
‫ نحل‬nuḥḥal thin, slim, slender, lean,
skinny; enervated, emaciated, gaunt
‫ منحل‬manḥal pl. ‫ مناحل‬manāḥil2 beehive;
apiary, apicultural station 947
‫ انتحال‬intiḥāl undue assumption,
arrogation; literary theft, plagiarism
‫ منتحل‬muntaḥil plagiarist
‫ منتحل‬muntaḥal: ‫( اسم منتحل‬ism) assumed
2 name, alias, pseudonym, nom de guerre
‫ نحم‬naḥama i (naḥm, ‫ نحيم‬naḥīm, ‫نحمان‬
naḥamān) to clear one’s throat; to wheeze,
pant, gasp
‫ نحام‬nuḥām flamingo
‫ نحن‬naḥnu we
‫ نحنح‬naḥnaḥa and II tanaḥnaḥa to clear one’s
throat, to hem, say “ahem”
‫ نحنحة‬naḥnaḥa hem, hawk, little cough
‫ )نحا )نحو‬naḥā a u (naḥw) to wend one’s way (
‫ ھـ‬،‫ ه‬to), go, walk, move, turn (‫ ھـ‬،‫ ه‬to,
toward), take the road (‫ ھـ‬to), go in the
direction (‫ ھـ‬of) │ ‫( نحا نحوه‬naḥā naḥwahū)
 to follow s.o., follow s.o.’s example, be
guided by s.o. or s.th.; to imitate s.o.; to be
of the same nature, of the same kind, on
the same line as ..., be like ...; ‫نحا نحو الباب‬
to walk toward the door; ‫ نحا به نحو الباب‬to
show s.o. to the door II to put aside, push
away, brush aside (‫ ھـ‬s.th.); to remove,
take away (‫ من ھـ‬s.th. from) IV to turn
away, avert (‫ بصره عن‬baṣarahū ‘an one’s
eyes from); to turn (‫ على‬against s.o.),
assail, overcome (‫ ب على‬s.o. with); to help
(‫ ب على‬upon s.o. reproach, or the like),
shower (‫ ب على‬s.o. with); to turn, apply
o.s. attend (‫ على‬to s.th.) V to step aside, go
away, withdraw, move away, fall back (‫من‬
or ‫ من‬from); to turn away; to forgo,
renounce, waive (‫ من‬s.th.); to abandon,
give up, surrender, yield, relinquish (‫عن‬
s.th.); to retreat, retire (‫ ھـ‬to a place); to
lean, rest, support o.s. (‫ ل‬on) VIII to turn (
‫ ھـ‬to, toward); to lean, support o.s. (‫ ل‬on)
│ ‫ انتحى ناحية‬to turn aside; ‫ انتحى جانبا‬do.,
step back, withdraw, retire
‫ نحو‬naḥw pl. ‫ انحاء‬anḥā’ direction; side;
section, part; way, course, method,
manner, mode, fashion; (with foll. genit.)
corresponding to, analogous to, similar to,
like, somewhat like; (gram.) grammar;
syntax │ ‫( على نحو ما‬naḥwi) in the manner
of, as; ‫( على نحو ما‬naḥwin) rather, pretty
much; ‫ على ھذا النحو‬in this manner, this
way; in this respect; ‫ وعلى ھذا النحو‬and so
forth, and so on; ‫ في نحو الساعة السابعة‬at
about the seventh hour, at about 7 o’clock,
around seven; ‫ من نحوي‬as far as I am
concerned, as for me, for my part, I for
one; ‫( نحوا من‬naḥwan) approximately,
roughly, about, circa (with foll. figure); ‫في‬
‫( انحاء األرض‬a. il-arḍ) all over the earth; ‫في‬
‫‘( )كل انحاء العالم )المعمورة‬ālam) all over the
world; ‫( النحو المقارن‬muqārin) comparative
grammar
‫ نحو‬naḥwa (prep.) in the direction of,
toward, to; according to, in analogy with,
similar to, like, as, as for instance;
approximately, roughly, about, around,
circa
‫ نحوي‬naḥwī syntactical; grammatical;
grammarian; philologist
‫ منحى‬manḥan pl. ‫ مناح‬manāḥin aim,
goal, object, end, purpose; manner of
acting, mode of conduct, behavior;
direction; (rhetorical, literary) form; field,
domain, realm, province, bailiwick, sphere
(fig.) │ ‫ مناحي الحياة‬m. l-ḥayāh walks of life
‫ ناح‬nāḥin pl. ‫ نحاة‬nuḥāh grammarian;
philologist
‫ ناحية‬nāḥiya pl. ‫ نواح‬nawāḥin side;
direction; viewpoint, standpoint, aspect;
region, area, section; sphere, domain,
field; district, canton; (Ir.) subdivision of a
‫ قضاء‬qaḍā’, roughly corresponding to a
county; off side, secluded part, corner
(e.g., of a room); nāḥiyata in the direction
of, toward, to │ ‫ من ناحية‬with regard to, in
respect to, as to, as for, 948 concerning,
regarding, on the part of; ‫من ناحية اخرى‬
(ukrā) on the other hand; ‫من الناحية العسكرية‬
(‘askarīya) from a military standpoint; ‫من‬
‫ ناحية قانونية‬de jure; ‫( من ناحية واقعية‬wāqi‘īya)
de facto; ‫ سليم النواحي‬sound in body; ‫متعدد‬
‫ النواحي‬muta‘addid an-n. many-sided; ‫من‬
‫ جميع النواحي‬in every respect
‫ نخ‬nakk pl. ‫ انخاخ‬ankāk mat; rug, carpet
‫ نخب‬nakaba u (nakb) and VIII to select, pick,
choose (‫ ھـ‬s.th.); to choose, make one’s
choice; to vote, go to the polls; to elect (‫ه‬
s.o.)
‫ نخب‬nakb selection, choice; a drink to
s.o.’s health │ ‫( شرب نخب‬šariba) to drink
to s.o.’s health, toast s.o.
‫ نخبة‬nukba pl. ‫ نخب‬nukab selected piece,
selected item, selected passage; the pick,
cream, elite, flower
‫ انتخاب‬intikāb pl. -āt election (pol.);
choice; selection
‫ انتخابي‬intikābī of or pertaining to an
election or elections, election (used
attributively); elective; electoral │ ‫معركة‬
‫( انتخابية‬ma’raka) election campaign
‫ ناخب‬nākib and ‫ منتخب‬muntakib pl. -ūn
elector (esp., pol.), voter, constituent
‫ منخوب‬mankūb lean, emaciated
‫ منتخب‬muntakab chosen, elected,
selected, hand-picked; elected candidate;
(pl. -āt) team (in sports); ‫ = منتخبات‬selected
pieces, selected items, selected passages
‫ نخر‬nakara u i (nakr, ‫ نخير‬nakīr) to
snort; to snore; to gnaw (‫ ل‬on s.th.), bore,
burrow, eat (‫ في‬into s.th.; worm); to eat
 away (‫ ھـ‬at s.th.); to enervate, sap, ruin,
decay (‫ ھـ‬s.th.); -- nakira a (nakar) to be
eaten away, worm-eaten, rotten, decayed,
full of holes; to spoil, rot, decay; to
decompose, disintegrate, crumble
‫ نخر‬nakr snorting, snort; snoring, snore;
decay, rot, rottenness; tooth decay, caries
‫ نخر‬nakr and ‫ ناخر‬nākir worm-eaten;
rotting, decaying
‫ نخير‬nakīr snort(ing), snoring, snore;
grunt(s)
‫ منخر‬mankar, mankir, minkar pl. ‫مناخر‬
manākir2 nostril; nose
2
‫ منخار‬minkār pl. ‫ مناخير‬manākīr nostril;
nose
‫ نخرب‬nakraba to eat holes into s.th. (‫)ھـ‬, eat
away (‫ ھـ‬at); to hollow out (‫ ھـ‬s.th.)
2 pride, dignity, sense of honor, self-respect;
‫ نخروب‬nukrūb pl. ‫ نخاريب‬nakārīb hole;
cavity, hollow; cell; honeycomb
‫ نخز‬nakaza a (nakz) to bore into or through
s.th. (‫ ;ھـ‬worm)
‫ نخس‬nakaaa a u (naks) to prick, goad, prod,
urge on, drive on (‫ ھـ‬an animal)
‫ نخس‬nakkās drover; cattle dealer; slave
trader; white slaver
‫ نخاسة‬nikāsa cattle trade; slave trade;
white-slave traffic
‫ منخس‬minkas pl. ‫ مناخس‬manākis2 spur,
goad, prod (for driving cattle)
‫ منخاس‬minkās pl. ‫ مناخيس‬manākīs2 spur,
goad, prod (for driving cattle)
‫ نخشوش‬nakšūš pl. ‫ نخاشيش‬nakāšīš2 gill, branchia
(respiratory organ of fish)
‫ نخع‬V to clear one’s throat, hawk, spit out,
expectorate
‫ نخاع‬nukā‘, nikā‘ pl. ‫ نخع‬nuku‘ spinal
marrow, spinal cord; bone marrow,
medulla; brain
‫ نخاعة‬nukā’a phlegm, mucus, sputum,
expectoration
‫ نخل‬nakala u (nakl) to sift, bolt, sieve out (‫ھـ‬
s.th.); to strain (‫ ھـ‬s.th.) V and VIII do.
949
‫ نخل‬nakl (coll.; n. un. ‫ )ة‬and ‫ نخيل‬nakīl
palm; date palm
‫ نخالة‬nukāla residue left in a sieve; bran;
waste, refuse │ ‫ ال يساوي ملء اذنه نخالة‬lā
yusāwī mil’a udnihī nukālatan he isn’t
worth a bent nickel
‫ منخل‬mankal, munkul pl. ‫ مناخل‬manākil2
sieve
‫ نخم‬nakama a (nakam) and V to clear one’s
throat, hawk, spit out, expectorate
‫ نخامة‬nukāma phlegm, mucus, sputum,
expectoration
‫ غدة نخامية‬gudda nukāmīya hypophysis,
pituitary body (anat.)
‫ )نخا )نخو‬nakā u (‫ نخوة‬nakwa) to be proud,
haughty, supercilious (‫ على‬toward s.o.) II
and IV to inflame, incite, excite, stimulate,
arouse, awaken (‫ ھـ‬s.th.)
‫ نخوة‬nakwa haughtiness, arrogance;
high-mindedness, generosity
‫ ند‬nadda i (nadd, ‫ ندد‬nadad, ‫ نداد‬nidād, ‫ندود‬
nudūd, ‫ نديد‬nadīd) to run away, flee; to slip
away; to slip out (exclamation); to escape
(‫ عن‬s.o.) II to expose, show up,
compromise (‫ ب‬s.o.); to criticize (‫ ب‬s.o. or
s.th.), find fault (‫ ب‬with)
‫ ند‬nadd high hill; -- nadd, nidd incense
(of aloeswood, with ambergris, musk and
frankincense)
‫ ند‬nidd pl. ‫ انداد‬andād equal, (a)like,
same; an equal, a peer; partner; antagonist,
rival
‫ نديد‬nadīd pl. ‫ ندداء‬nudadā’2 equal; rival
‫ تنديد‬tandīd pl. -āt criticism; revilement,
abuse, disparagement, defamation
‫ ندب‬nadaba u (nadb) to mourn, lament, bewail
(‫ ه‬the deceased); to appoint, assign (‫ ل ه‬s.o.
to an office), detail (‫ ل ه‬s.o. for a job, for a
task); to send as a representative or
delegate, to delegate, depute, deputize (‫ه‬
s.o.); to commission, charge, entrust (‫ه‬
s.o., ‫ ب‬with); -- nadiba a (nadab) to scar
over, cicatrize, heal IV = nadiba VIII to
appoint, assign (‫ ل ه‬s.o. to an office), detail
(‫ ل ه‬s.o. for a job, for a task); to
commission, charge, empower, authorize (
‫ ل ه‬s.o. to do s.th., ‫ ب‬with), order (‫ ل ه‬s.o.
to do s.th.); to entrust (‫ ل ه‬to s.o. a task);
(mil.) to detach, detail, transfer (‫ ل ه‬s.o.
to); (with ‫ نفسه‬nafsahū) to apply o.s.,
devote o.s. dedicate o.s. (‫ ل‬to s.th.); to
give (‫ ھـ‬a country) the mandate (‫ على‬over);
to comply readily (‫ ل‬with an order or
instruction), be willing, be prepared, stand
ready (‫ ل‬to); to present o.s. (‫ الى‬to s.o.),
turn (‫ الى‬toward, to)
‫ ندب‬nadb weeping, wailing,
lamentation; lament, dirge, elegy;
assignment, commissioning, delegation,
deputation; appointment, authorization,
mandation
‫ ندب‬nadab pl. ‫ انداب‬andāb, ‫ ندوب‬nudūb
scar, cicatrice
‫ ندبة‬nadba pl. ‫ انداب‬andāb, ‫ ندوب‬nudūb
scar, cicatrice; scabby wound
‫ ندبة‬nudba lamentation for the dead;
elegy; dirge, funeral song
‫ ندابة‬nadāba pl. -āt hired female
mourner
‫ مندب‬mandab pl. ‫ منادب‬manādib2 wail,
lamentation │ ‫ باب المندب‬Bab el Mandeb
(strait between SW Arabia and Africa;
geogr.)
‫ انتداب‬intidāb deputation, appointment;
commissioning, charging, authorization;
detailing, detachment, assignment,
mission; (pl. -āt) mandate (over a
territory); mandatory rule │ ‫دولة االنتداب‬
daulat al-int. mandatory power; ‫لجنة‬
‫ االنتدابات‬lajnat al-int. Mandate
Commission (of the League of Nations)
950
‫ انتدابي‬intidābī mandatory │ ‫ادارة انتدابية‬
(idāra) mandatory administration
‫ نادبة‬nādiba pl. -āt, ‫ نوادب‬nawādib2 hired
female mourner
‫ مندوب‬mandūb bewailed, bemoaned,
mourned, lamented; regrettable,
deplorable, lamentable; -- (pl. -ūn) deputy,
delegate, agent, functionary,
commissioner; representative;
representative of the press, correspondent,
reporter (of a newspaper); plenipotentiary,
authorized agent; (Isl. Law) recommended
│ ‫ مندوب التأمين‬insurance agent; ‫مندوب خاص‬
(kaṣṣ) special envoy; ‫( مندوب سام‬sāmin)
High Commissioner; ‫مندوب فوق العادة‬
ambassador extraordinary; ‫مندوب مفوض‬
(mufawwaḍ) plenipotentiary, authorized
agent; (dipl.) minister; ‫مندوب فوق العادة ووزير‬
‫ مفوض‬ambassador extraordinary and
minister plenipotentiary (official title of
ambassadors)
‫ مندوبية‬mandūbīya delegation; High
Commission
‫ منتدب‬muntadab deputized, delegated;
commissioned, charged; entrusted;
appointed; assigned, detailed │ ‫دولة منتدبة‬
(daula) mandatory power
‫ ندح‬nadaḥa a (nadḥ) to extend, expand,
enlarge (‫ ھـ‬s.th.)
‫ ندحة‬nadḥa, nudḥa wide, open space;
freedom (of action) │ ‫( ال ندحة عنه‬nadḥata)
it is indispensable, unavoidable,
inevitable; ‫( ال اجد لي ندحة عن‬ajidu,
nadḥatan) I feel compelled to ...
‫ مندوحة‬mandūḥa pl. ‫ منادح‬manādiḥ2 and
‫ منتدح‬muntadaḥ alternative, choice;
freedom of action │ ‫ال مندوحة له‬
(mandūḥata) it is indispensable,
absolutely necessary, mandatory,
imperative for him; ‫ )لك عنه مندوحة )منتدح‬it
is up to you, it is optional for you; ‫لو ير‬
‫( مندوحة من‬lam yara mandūḥatan) to feel
obligated, feel compelled to ...
1
‫ ندر‬nadara u (nadr, ‫ ندور‬nudūr) to be rare; to
be uncommon, unusual; -- nadura u (‫ندارة‬
nadāra) to be strange, odd, queer,
unusual, extraordinary V to make fun (‫ب‬
or ‫ على‬of); to joke, jest VI to tell each
other stories and jokes
‫ ندر‬nadr rare; strange, odd
‫ ندرة‬nadra, nudra and ‫ ندورة‬nudūra
rarity, rareness; nadratan rarely, seldom │
‫ في الندرة‬rarely, seldom
‫ اندر‬andar pl. ‫ انادر‬anādir2 (tun.)
threshing floor
‫ اندر‬andar2 rarer
‫ مندرة‬mandara pl. ‫ منادر‬manādir2 (tun.)
threshing floor; see also below
‫ منادرات‬munādarāt causeries on
amusing, witty topics
‫ تندر‬tanaddur amusement, fun-making,
joking
‫ تنادر‬tanādur gay chat
 ‫ نادر‬nādir rare; infrequent; strange, odd,
unusual, uncommon; excellent, precious,
priceless; an eccentric, a crank, an odd
fellow; ‫ نادرا‬nādiran rarely, seldom │ ‫في‬
‫ النادر‬rarely, seldom; ‫ نادر المثال‬unparalleled,
singular, unique; ‫‘( عملة نادرة‬umla) specie,
hard money
‫ نادرة‬nādira pl. ‫ نوادر‬nawādir2 rarity,
rare thing, rare phenomenon; rare,
uncommon word; phenomenon, prodigy,
extraordinary person; funny, droll story,
anecdote, joke; accident, incident
2
□ ‫ مندرة‬mandara (for ‫منظرة‬, esp. eg.) pl. ‫منادر‬
manādir2 reception parlor for male
visitors; ‫ )منادر )= مجالس‬parties
‫ ندس‬nadasa u to throw down, bring to the
ground (‫ ه‬s.o.); to revile, defame, discredit
(‫ ه‬s.o.)
‫ ندف‬nadafa i (nadf) to tease, comb, or card
cotton 951
‫ ندف‬nadf teasing, combing, carding (of
cotton) │ ‫ جھاز الندف‬jahāz an-n. card,
carding machine
‫ ندفة‬nudfa pl. ‫ ندف‬nudaf flock (of wool);
flake │ ‫ ندفة الثلج‬n. at-talj snowflake
‫ نديف‬nadīf and ‫ مندوف‬mandūf carded,
teased (cotton)
‫ نداف‬naddāf cotton carder, cotton teaser
‫ مندف‬mindaf pl. ‫ منادف‬manādif2 teasing
bow (for carding cotton)
‫ ندل‬nadala u (nadl) to snatch away (‫ ھـ‬s.th.)
□ ‫ ندل‬nadl = ‫نذل‬
‫ مندالة‬mindāla rammer
‫ نادل‬nādil pl. ‫ ندل‬nudul waiter; servant
who waits on table
2
‫ مندل‬mandal: ‫ ضرب المندل‬ḍarb al-m. (eg.) a
magic practice in which a fortuneteller, or
a medium, prophesies while
contemplating a mirror-like surface
‫ منديل‬look up alphabetically
‫ ندم‬nadima a (nadam, ‫ ندامة‬nadāma) to repent (
‫ على‬of), rue, regret (‫ على‬s.th.) III to drink,
carouse (‫ ه‬with s.o.) V = I VI to drink
together, carouse together
‫ ندم‬nadam, ‫ ندامة‬nadāma remorse,
repentance, regret
‫ نديم‬nadīm pl. ‫ ندماء‬nudamā’2, ‫ ندام‬nidām
drinking companion; friend, intimate,
confidant
‫ ندمان‬nadmān pl. ‫ ندامى‬nadāmā
repenting, repentant, rueful, remorseful,
regretful
‫ مندم‬mandam remorse, repentance,
regret
‫ منادمة‬munādama drinking
companionship, intimate friendship
‫ تندم‬tanaddum remorse, repentance,
regret
‫ نادم‬nādim pl. ‫ ندام‬nuddām repenting,
repentant, rueful, remorseful, regretful
‫ منادم‬munādim drinking companion,
boon companion, intimate
‫ متندم‬mutanaddim repenting, repent, ant,
rueful, remorseful, regretful
‫ نده‬nadaha a (nadh) to drive, urge, spur on (‫ه‬
s.o.); to drive away (‫ ه‬s.o.)
‫ )ندا )ندو‬nadā u (nadw) to call (‫ ه‬s.o.); to invite;
to call together, convoke, convene,
summon (‫ ھـ‬a meeting); to get together,
meet, convene, assemble, gather; -- ‫ندي‬
nadiya a (‫ ندى‬nadan, ‫ نداوة‬nadāwa, ‫ندوة‬
nudūwa) to be moist, damp, dewy, wet │
‫ شيء يندى له الجبين‬an embarrassing or
shocking thing, a disgraceful thing II to
moisten, wet, bedew (‫ ھـ‬s.th.) III to shout,
call out, cry out, exclaim; to call (‫ ب‬or ‫ه‬
s.o. or for s.o., also ‫)على‬, summon (‫ ه‬s.o.,
also ‫ ;)على‬to call out, shout (‫ ه‬to s.o.); to
call for s.th. (‫)ب‬, invite to s.th. (‫ ;)ب‬to
proclaim, announce (‫ ب‬s.th.); to
emphasize (‫ ب‬s.th.); O to announce, act as
announcer (radio); to cry one’s wares,
hawk (‫ على‬s.th. to be sold) │ ‫نودي به رئيسا‬
(nūdiya) to be proclaimed president IV =
II; to be noble, generous, magnanimous V
to he moistened, he bedewed; to show o.s.
generous, liberal, openhanded VI and VIII
to get together, meet, convene, gather,
assemble, form a club
‫ ندوة‬nadwa council; debating group,
study group; club │ ‫ دار الندوة‬city hall,
town hall; parliament, house of
representatives, chamber of deputies
 ‫ ندوة‬nudūwa and ‫ نداوة‬nadāwa
moistness, moisture, dampness
‫ ندى‬nadan pl. ‫ انداء‬andā’, ‫ اندية‬andiya
moistness, moisture, dampness, wetness;
dew; generosity, liberality, magnanimity
952
‫ ند‬nadin and ‫ نديان‬nadyān2 moist, damp
│ ‫ ندم الكف‬al-kaff generous, liberal,
openhanded
‫ ندى‬nadīy moist, damp; tender, delicate
│ ‫ ندى الكف‬al-kaff generous, liberal,
openhanded
‫ نداء‬nidā’ pl. -āt shout; call;
exclamation; summons; public
announcement; proclamation, appeal;
address; vocative (gram.) │ ‫نداء االستغاثة‬
call for help, distress signal; ‫حرف النداء‬
ḥarf an-n. interjection (gram.); ‫اصدر نداء ل‬
(aṣdara) to issue s proclamation to
‫ مناداة‬munādāh calling, shouting; call;
vocative; public notice, announcement;
proclamation │ ‫ بيع المناداة‬bai‘ al-m. public
sale, auction
‫ ناد‬nādin pl. ‫ اندية‬andiya, ‫ نواد‬nawādin
club; circle; association; clubhouse │ ‫ناد‬
‫( رياضي‬riyāḍī) athletic club; ‫دار النادي‬
clubhouse
‫ مندى‬munaddan wet, damp; bedewed,
dewy; refreshing
‫ مناد‬munādin caller; herald; town crier;
auctioneer; O announcer (radio)
‫ منادى‬munādan noun in the vocative
(gram.)
‫ مندية‬mundiya pl. -āt disgraceful, evil
deed; insult, abuse, affront
l.s.J.::... muntadan pl. u4,.J.::...o
muntadayāt gathering place, assembly
room; club
‫ نذر‬nadara u i (nadr, ‫ نذور‬nudūr) to dedicate,
consecrate ( s.th. to God); to vow, make
a vow │ ‫ نذرت ان‬I vow to God that ..., I
swear by God that ...; ‫ نذر على نفسه ھـ‬to vow
to o.s., make the solemn pledge to ...; --
nadira a (nadar) to have been warned, be
on one’s guard (‫ ب‬against) IV to warn (‫ب ه‬
s.o. of or against), caution (‫ ب ه‬s.o.
against), admonish (‫ ه‬s.o.); to announce (‫ب‬
‫ ه‬to s.o. s.th.), give notice or warning (‫ب ه‬
to s.o. of), notify in advance (‫ ه‬s.o., ‫ ب‬of)
│ ‫( انذره بتسليم منزله‬bi-taslīmi manzilihī) he
gave him notice to vacate the premises
‫ نذر‬nadr pl. ‫ نذور‬nudur, ‫ نذورات‬nudūrāt
vow, solemn pledge; votive offering, ex-
voto
‫ نذير‬nadīr pl. ‫ نذر‬nudur consecrated to
God; vowed, solemnly pledged; warner;
herald, harbinger, forerunner; warning;
alarm │ O ‫ نذير الخطر‬n. al-kaṭar airraid
warning
‫ انذار‬indār pl. -āt warning;
announcement, notice; admonition; air-
raid warning, alarm │ O ‫انذار بوقوع غارات‬
‫( جوية‬bi-wuqū’ gārāt jawwiya) or ‫انذار‬
‫( لألخطار الجوية‬li-l-akṭār) air-raid warning;
‫( انذار نھائي‬nihā’ī) ultimatum; O ‫صفارة اإلنذار‬
ṣaffārat al-i. warning siren
‫ تناذر‬tanādur syndrome (med.)
‫ ناذر‬nādir one who has made a vow
‫ منذور‬mandūr solemnly pledged,
vowed, consecrated to God
‫ منذر‬mundir warner, cautioner
‫ منذرة‬mundira alarm signal; warning
sign (‫ ب‬against)
‫ نذل‬nadula u (‫ نذالة‬nadāla, ‫ نذولة‬nudūla) to be
low, base, mean, vile, despicable,
debased, depraved
‫ نذل‬nadl pl. ‫ انذال‬andāl, ‫ نذول‬nudūl low,
base, mean, vile, despicable, debased,
depraved; coward
‫ نذيل‬nadīl pl. ‫ نذالء‬nudalā’ 2, ‫ نذال‬nidāl
low, base, mean, vile, despicable,
debased, depraved; coward
‫ نذالة‬nadāla depravity
‫ نربيج‬narbīj pl. ‫ نرابيج‬narābīj2 mouthpiece of a
narghile 953
‫ نربيش‬narbīš pl. ‫ نرابيش‬narābīš2 mouthpiece of
a narghile
‫ نرجس‬narjis, nirjis narcissus (bot.)
‫ نرد‬nard backgammon, tricktrack
‫ نردين‬nardīn nard, spikenard
‫ نرفزة‬narfaza nervousness
‫ منرفز‬munarfaz (pal.-syr.) nervous
‫ نرنج‬naranj bitter orange
‫ نروج‬nurūj, narūj Norway
‫ نرويج‬nurwīj Norway
‫ نرويجي‬nurwījī Norwegian
‫ نز‬nazza i (nazz, ‫ نزيز‬nazīz) to seep, trickle,
ooze, or leak, through; to vibrate (string)
‫ نز‬nazz, nizz, ‫ نزازة‬nuzāza pl. ‫ نزوز‬nuzūz
seepage, leakage water
‫ نز‬nazz swift, nimble, agile, lively,
sprightly; changeable, inconstant,
unsteady, fickle
‫ نزة‬nazza, nizza (sensuous) passion, lust
‫ نزيز‬nazīz unsteady, inconstant,
unstable; sensuous, passionate
‫ نزح‬nazaḥa a i (nazḥ, ‫ نزوح‬nuzūḥ) to be far off,
be distant; to leave (‫ من‬s.th.), depart,
emigrate (or from); to immigrate (‫ الى‬to);
to wander, migrate, rove, roam, range; O
to march off, pull out (troops); pass. ‫نزح به‬
nuziḥa bihī to emigrate, be away from
home, live abroad; -- (nazḥ) and IV to
scoop out, bail out, empty (‫ ھـ‬s.th.); to
drain, dry out (‫ ھـ‬a well, a ditch, a latrine,
and the like) VIII to emigrate
‫ نزح‬nazḥ scooping out, emptying;
draining, drainage
‫ نزح‬nazaḥ pl. ‫ انزاح‬anzāḥ muddy water
‫ نزوح‬nuzūḥ emigration
‫ نزوح‬nazūḥ and ‫ نزيح‬nazīḥ far-off,
faraway, distant, remote
‫ نازح‬nāziḥ far-off, faraway, distant,
remote; going away from home, moving
to other lands, leaving for distant shores,
emigrating; emigrant; one who scoops out,
bails out or empties, a latrine cleaner
‫ نزر‬nazr and ‫ نزير‬nazīr little; insignificant,
trivial, petty; trifle, small amount,
insignificant number, negligible portion │
‫ نزر الحديث‬taciturn, of few words; ‫نزر قليل‬
tiny amount
‫ نزع‬naza‘a i (naz‘) to pull out, extract (
‫ ھـ‬s.th.); to remove, take, take away, strike,
cross off (‫ عن ھـ‬s.th. from); to take off,
shed (‫ ھـ‬a garment); to strip, divest,
deprive, rob (‫ ھـ من‬or ‫ عن‬s.o. of s.th.); to
wrest, take away (‫ ھـ من‬from s.o. s.th.,
possession, right, reputation, etc.); to
remove (‫ ه‬s.o. from a position), depose,
dismiss, fire, cashier, demote, reduce in
rank (‫ ه‬s.o.); to adduce as proof or in
refutation (‫ ب‬s.th.); (intr.) to move,
proceed, go, betake o.s., repair (‫ الى‬to); to
emigrate (‫ الى‬to); -- (‫ نزوع‬nuzū‘) to desire (
‫ الى‬s.th.), wish, long, yearn, pine (‫ الى‬for);
to incline, tend, have an inclination or a
tendency (‫ الى‬to); to take on, take over,
adopt (‫ الى‬s.th.), resort (‫ الى‬to; e.g., to a
method); to absent o.s., depart (or from);
to desist, abstain, refrain (or from), keep
clear (‫ عن‬of), give up, avoid, eschew (‫عن‬
s.th.); to be in the throes of death │ ‫نزع منه‬
‫( نازع الى‬nāzi‘un) he felt a desire for ...,
discovered his inclination to ... II to
remove, take away (‫ ھـ‬s.th.) III to fight,
struggle, contend, dispute (‫ ه‬with s.o.),
combat (‫ ھـ‬s.th.); to contest, challenge (‫في‬
s.th.); to attempt to wrest (‫ ھـ ه‬from s.o.
s.th.), contest (‫ ھـ ه‬s.o.’s right to s.th.); to
be in the throes of death VI to contend
with one another; to rival (‫ ھـ‬for s.th.),
contest each other’s right (‫ ھـ‬to), carry on
a 954 dispute, be at variance (‫ ھـ‬over) VIII
to pull out, extract, pluck out, tear out (‫ھـ‬
s.th. .i- from); to match, wrest (‫ ھـ من‬from
1.o. s.th.), tear away, pull off (‫ من ھـ‬s.th.
from); to take, draw, borrow (‫ ھـ‬s.th.); to
be removed, be taken away
‫ نزع‬naz‘ removal; withdrawal,
elimination; deposition, removal from
office; death struggle, agony of death │
‫ نزع السالح‬disarming, disarmament; ‫مؤتمر‬
‫ نزع السالح‬mu’tamar n. as-s. disarmament
conference; ‫ نزع الملكية‬n. al-milkīya
expropriation
‫ نزعة‬naz‘a pl. naza‘āt inclination,
tendency, leaning; attitude, position, stand
 ‫ نزوع‬nuzū‘ striving, endeavor, longing,
wish, desire (‫ الى‬for)
‫ نزاع‬nazzā‘ tending, having an
inclination (‫ الى‬to), leaning (‫ الى‬toward)
‫ نزيع‬nazī‘ pl. ‫ نزاع‬nuzzā‘ stranger
‫ منزع‬manza‘ pl. ‫ منازع‬manāzi‘ intent,
intention, purpose; aim, end, objective,
goal; way, method; manner, behavior
‫ منزع‬minza‘ arrow
‫ نزاع‬nizā‘ fight, struggle, strife, contest,
controversy; dispute; death struggle,
agony of death │ ‫( بال نزاع‬bi-lā)
indisputably, incontestibly,
incontrovertibly, indubitably, undeniably;
‫ عليه نزاع‬disputed, contested, debatable; ‫ال‬
‫( نزاع فيه‬nizā‘a) undisputed, uncontested,
unquestioned
‫ منازعة‬munāza‘a pl. -āt tight, struggle,
strife, contention, controversy, quarrel,
dissension, discord; dispute; matter in
controversy, case at issue (before a court
of justice)
‫ تنازع‬tanāzu‘ tight, struggle, strife,
contention, controversy │ ‫ تنازع البقاء‬t. al-
baqā’ struggle for existence
‫ انتزاع‬intizā‘ removal, withdrawal,
elimination; dispossession, expropriation
‫ نازعة‬nāzi‘a pl. ‫ نوازع‬nawāzi‘ tendency,
inclination, leaning
‫ منزوع‬manzū‘ removed, taken away │
‫( منطقة منزوعة السالح‬minṭaqa) demilitarized
zone
‫ منازع‬munāzi‘ struggling with death,
being in the throes of death; contending,
fighting, militant, litigious, renitent │ ‫ليس‬
‫ من منازع في‬no one will deny that ...
‫ منازع عليه‬munāza‘ ‘alaihi contested,
disputed, debatable
‫ متنازع‬mutanāzi‘ conflicting, clashing
‫( متنازع عليه‬mutanāza‘) and ‫متنازع فيه‬
contested, disputed, debatable; litigated
matter, matter in controversy, case at issue
‫ منتزع‬muntaza‘ taken, drawn (‫ من‬from)
‫ نزغ‬nazg and ‫ نزغة‬pl. nazagāt incitement to
evil │ ‫ نزغ الشيطان‬n. aš-šaiṭān insinuations
of the devil, satanic inspiration
‫ نزف‬nazafa i (nazf) to drain, exhaust, empty (‫ھـ‬
s.th.); to dry up (‫ ھـ‬a well); to draw off (‫ھـ‬
blood); to be drained, exhausted, spent;
pass. ‫ نزف دمه‬nuzifa damuhū to lose much
blood, bleed (to death) IV to drain, empty
(‫ ھـ‬a well); to be exhausted X to drain off,
draw, extract (‫ من ھـ‬s.th. from); to exhaust,
consume, use up, swallow up, devour (‫ھـ‬
s.th.)
‫ نزف‬nazf exhaustion, draining,
emptying; hemorrhage; loss of blood │ O
‫( النزف الدموي‬damawī) hemophilis (med.)
‫ نزفة‬nuzfa small quantity, modicum (of
a liquid)
‫ نزيف‬nazīf weakened by loss of blood;
bleeding, effusion of blood; hemorrhage,
hemorrhea (med.)
‫ منزوف‬manzūf exhausted through loss
of blood 955
‫ نزق‬nazaqa i (nazq) and naziqa a (nazaq, ‫نزوق‬
nuzūq) to storm ahead, rush forward; to be
hasty, rash, precipitate, impetuous,
lightheaded, frivolous, reckless, ruthless,
II to spur on, urge on (‫ ھـ‬a horse)
‫ نزق‬nazaq haste; rashness,
precipitateness, impetuosity;
lightheadedness, recklessness,
thoughtlessness, frivolity
‫ نزق‬naziq hasty; rash, precipitate,
impetuous; thoughtless, heedless, careless,
inattentive, lightheaded, frivolous, flighty,
superficial
‫ نزك‬nazaka u (nazk) to stab, pierce (‫ ه‬s.o.)
‫ نيزك‬naizak pl. ‫ نيازك‬nayāzik2 short
lance; shooting star, meteor
‫ نزل‬nazala i (‫ نزول‬nuzūl) to dismount, alight; to
descend, go down, come down, move
down, get down, step down, climb down;
to get off (‫من‬, e.g., a train), get out, step
out (‫من‬, e.g., of a car), debark, disembark (
‫ من‬from a vessel); to put down, land
(airplane); to fall (rain); to descend from
heaven, be revealed (esp., the Koran); to
fall, sink, sag (prices), drop (water level);
to subside, abate, let up, decrease; to stop,
or halt, for a rest, to camp; to stop, stop
over, put up, take up quarters, take
lodgings, lodge, room, stay to live (‫ على‬or
‫ ب‬at s.o.’s home, also ‫)عند‬, live, dwell (‫ھـ‬
in a place), inhabit (‫ ھـ‬a place); to step into
the arena, take the field, meet an opposing
team (sports); to give in, yield (‫ على‬e.g., to
s.o.’s pleas); to give up, renounce, resign (
‫ عن ل‬s.th. in s.o.’s favor), cede, waive,
relinquish, abandon (‫ عن‬s.th.); to resign (
‫ عن‬from); to refrain (‫ عن‬from), forgo (‫عن‬
s.th.); to descend, come (‫ ب‬upon s.o.;
misfortune, punishment, etc.), befall, hit,
afflict (‫ ب‬s.o.; misfortune), happen, occur
(‫ ب‬to s.o.); to fall (‫ على‬upon s.o.), attack,
assail, assault (‫ على‬s.o.); to enter, embark (
‫ على‬upon s.th.), set out (‫ على‬to do s.th.),
tackle, attack (‫ على‬s.th.), pounce (‫ على‬on
s.th.); (with ‫ب‬:) to take, bring, lead, etc.,
s.o. or s.th. down (‫ الى‬to); -- nazila a (‫نزلة‬
nazla) to have a cold │ ‫( نزل الى البر‬barr)
to disembark, go ashore, land; ‫نزل الى‬
‫( الميدان‬maidān) to take the field; ‫نزل دون‬
‫( مننلته‬manzilatihī) to sink below one’s
level; ‫( نزل ضيفا على‬ḍaifan) to avail o.s. of
s.o.’s hospitality, stay as a guest with s.o.;
‫( نزل على حكمه‬ḥukmihī) to defer, give in,
yield, submit to s.o.; to comply with the
standard of s.th.; ‫( نزل عند ارادته‬irādatihī) to
defer to s.o.’s will, do s.o.’s bidding; ‫نزل‬
‫( )عند رغبته )طلبه‬ragbatihī, ṭalabihī) to
comply with, or fulfill, s.o.’s wish or
demand; ‫( منزال‬manzilan) to occupy a
place or position, get to a place or into a
position; ‫( نزل منزله الالئق‬manzilahū) to
occupy one’s due place; ‫نزل منزلة فالن‬
(manzilata f.) to hold the position of, serve
as II to cause to come down; to make (‫ه‬
s.o.) descend, dismount, or step down; to
lower, let down (‫ ھـ‬s.th., e.g., a bucket, a
curtain, etc.); to send down (‫ على ھـ‬a
revelation to a prophet), reveal (‫ ھـ‬s.th.); to
take down, put down (‫ ھـ‬s.th.); to lower,
decrease, diminish, lessen, minimize,
curtail, reduce (‫ ھـ‬or ‫ من‬s.th.); to dip, tilt (
‫ ھـ‬s.th.); to lower, strike (‫ ھـ‬a flag); to
relieve, divest, discharge (‫ عن ھـ‬s.o. of),
depose, dethrone (‫ عن العرش ه‬s.o.); to
unload (‫ ھـ‬s.th.); to grant hospitality (‫ ه‬to
s.o.). receive hospitably, take in, put up,
lodge, accumulate (‫ ه‬s.o.); to deduct
subtract (‫ ھـ من‬s.th. from); to insert, inlay (
‫ في ھـ‬s.th. in. e.g., ivory in wood); (Tun.)
to cede (‫ ھـ‬s.th.) on the basis of inzāl (q.v.)
│ ‫( نزل درجته‬darajatahū) to demote s.o.,
reduce s.o. in rank III to get into a fight,
join issue, clash (‫ ه‬with s.o.) IV to bring
down, take down; to cause to descend,
dismount, or step down; to send down.
reveal (٩٥٦ ‫ على ه‬s.th. to s.o.; of God); to
bestow, grant, give (‫ ھـ‬s.th.; of God); to
make (‫ ه‬s.o.) alight, stop, halt, camp, put
up, tab up quarters, live, stay, abide (‫ ھـ‬in
a place); to unload (‫ ھـ‬s.th.); to take ashore
(‫ الى البر ھـ‬ilā l-barr s.th. from a vessel); to
land, put ashore, disembark, debark (‫ھـ‬
troops); to lower, strike (‫ ھـ‬a flag); to
abase, degrade; to lower, decrease,
diminish, reduce (‫ الى ھـ‬number, price,
etc., to); to cause (‫ ھـ ب‬to s.o. loss), inflict
(‫ ھـ ب‬upon s.o. a loss); to compel, force,
coerce (‫ على ه‬s.o. to) │ ‫ما انزل ﷲ به من سلطان‬
(sulṭān) (lit.: God has given it no power,
i.e.) futile, vain, fruitless, unavailing,
unfounded, absurd, preposterous,
completely arbitrary, random; ‫انزل الى البحر‬
(baḥr) to launch (‫ ھـ‬a ship); ‫انزلوھم ضيوفا‬
‫( عليھم‬ḍuyūfan) they took them in as
guests; ‫( انزل به خسارة قادحة‬kusāratan
fāḍiḥatan) to inflict a heavy loss on s.o.;
‫( انزله منزلة فالن‬manzilata f.) he had him
occupy the same position as, gave him the
same status as, made him equal in rank
with V to lower o.s., stoop, condescend (
‫ الى‬to s.th.); to abase o.s., humble o.s.,
demean o.s., eat crow; to give up,
renounce, resign, waive, forgo (‫ عن‬s.th.),
refrain (‫ عن‬from) VI to give up, renounce,
resign, waive, forgo (‫ عن ل‬s.th. in favor
of), refrain (‫ عن‬from), yield, surrender,
abandon, relinquish (‫ عن‬s.th.); to cede (‫عن‬
‫ ل‬s.th. to); to leave, assign, transfer, make
over (‫ عن ل‬s.th. to); to lower o.s., stoop,
condescend; to deign; to dismount, or line
up, for battle │ ‫تنازل )تنزل( عن العرش ل‬
(‘arš) to abdicate in favor of; ‫تنازل عن‬
‫( منصب‬manṣib) to lay down an office,
resign from office X to ask (‫ ه‬s.o.) to step
down; to call down, invoke (‫ ھـ‬s.th.); to
make (‫ ه‬s.o.) descend; to call upon s.o. (‫)ه‬
to waive or forgo (‫ عن‬s.th.); to force (‫ ه‬the
beleaguered) to surrender; to deduct,
subtract (~ 0 s.th. from)
‫ نزل‬nazl pl. ‫ نزول‬nuzūl, ‫ نزل‬nuzûl
quarters, lodging; hotel, inn; -- (pl. ‫نزول‬
nuzūl) small tribal unit (of Bedouins);
camp, camp site (of nomads, gypsies)
‫ نزل‬nuzl pl. ‫ انزال‬anzāl food served to a
guest
 ‫ نزلة‬nazla putting up, stopping, stop,
stay, arrival │ ‫ نزلة الحج‬al-ḥajj (eg.)
festival of the return of the mahmal from
Mecca (celebrated in the months of Safar
or Rabia I)
‫ نزلة‬nazla pl. nazalāt cold; catarrh │
‫( نزلة شعبية‬šu‘abīya) bronchial catarrh; ‫نزلة‬
‫( صدرية‬ṣadrīya) bronchitis; ‫نزلة وافدة‬
influenza (med.)
‫ نزالة‬nizāla settlement, colony
‫ نزول‬nuzūl descending, descent;
dismounting. alighting; getting off or out
(of a vehicle), disembarkation,
debarkation; landing (of an airplane);
arrival; putting up, stopping, stop,
stopover, stay; cession, surrender,
relinquishment, renunciation, resignation;
falling, fall, drop; sinking; decline in
prices, price slump │ ‫ نزوال على‬according
to, in accordance with, in deference to;
‫( نزوال عند رغبته‬ragbatihī) in compliance
with his wish, in deference to his wish, at
his request; ‫( نزوال عند طلبه‬ṭalabihī) in
compliance with his demand, in
accordance with his request; ‫ نزول المطر‬n.
al-maṭar rainfall
‫ نزولي‬nuzūlī relative to decline (in
prices and stocks), recessive, falling,
sinking
‫ نزيل‬nazīl pl. ‫ نزالء‬nuzalā’2 guest;
stranger; lodger, boarder; inmate;
occupant, tenant
‫ منزل‬manzil pl. ‫ منازل‬manāzil2 stopping
place, way station, camp site; apartment,
fiat; house; lunar phase; see also under
verb I │ ‫ منزل االستراحة‬resthouse; ‫منازل اللھو‬
‫ واللعب‬m. al-lahw wa-l-la‘b amusement
centers; ‫ اھل المنزل‬ahl al-m. household,
family; ‫ صاحب المنزل‬landlord 957
‫ منزلي‬manzilī domestic, house (adj.);
private; household (adj.)
‫ منزلة‬manzila degree, grade, rank;
position, status, standing; dignity; see also
under verb I and IV
‫ تنزيل‬tanzīl sending down, bringing
down; revelation, inspiration; reduction,
diminution, lowering, lessening, decrease;
-- (pl. -āt) reduction (of prices);
subtraction (arith.); deduction, discount;
inlaying, inlay work │ ‫ تنزيل الرتبة‬t. ar-
rutba or ‫ تنزيل المقام‬t. al-maqām, demotion,
reduction in rank; ‫( تنزيل نقدي‬naqdī)
currency devaluation
‫ نزال‬nizāl and ‫ منازلة‬munāzala lining up
for battle; encounter, battle, fight
‫ انزال‬inzāl bringing down, lowering;
landing, debarkation, disembarkation;
ejaculation of sperm; (pl. -āt) lease
contract for life over a habous estate
(Tun.) │ ‫( انزال الى البحر‬baḥr) launching (of
a ship); ‫‘( انزال الى العمل‬amal)
commissioning (of a ship)
‫ تنازل‬tanāzul condescension; yielding,
relenting; relinquishment, surrender,
waiver, renunciation; transfer, assignment,
cession; resignation, abdication; lining up
for battle; struggle, fight, battle │ ‫عدم‬
‫‘ التنازل‬adam at-t. relentlessness,
intransigence; ‫‘ عقد التنازل‬aqd at-t. deed of
cession
‫ استنزال‬istinzāl deduction, discount
‫ نازل‬nāzil living, resident
‫ نازلة‬nāzila pl. ‫ نوازل‬nawāzil occurrence,
event; mishap, accident, calamity, reverse,
blow of fate; (tun.) (judicial) case, legal
action │ ‫( نازلة مدنية‬madanīya; tun.) civil
action; ‫( اوراق نازلة‬tun.) records of a
lawsuit; ‫ قسم النوازل‬qism an-n. (tun.)
division for contentious matters (of a court
of justice); ‫( قام بنازلة‬tun.) to take legal
action, commence a lawsuit
‫ منزول‬manzūl (eg.) a kind of narcotic
‫ منزولي‬manzūlī (egs.) narcotic addict,
dope addict
‫ منزل‬munazzal inlaid (with ivory or a
precious metal)
‫ منزل‬munzal sent down (from heaven),
revealed
‫ متنازل‬mutanāzil abdicating, resigning;
one who waives, cedes or asap a right,
assignor
‫ مستنزل‬mustanzil lessee on the basis of
inzāl (Tun.; see above)
‫ نزنز‬to rock, dandle (a baby)
‫ نزه‬nazuha u (‫ نزاھة‬nazāha) to be far (‫ عن‬from),
be untouched. unblemished (‫ عن‬by), be
 free (‫ عن‬from); to steer clear (‫ عن‬of), keep
away, refrain (‫ عن‬from, esp., from a base
or dishonorable action); -- naziha a to be
respectable, honorable, decent II to deem
or declare (‫ ه‬s.o.) above s.th. (‫ )عن‬V =
nazuha; to be (far) above s.th. (‫ ;)عن‬to go
for a walk, take a walk, promenade, stroll
about; to go out, to amuse o.s., enjoy o.s.,
have a good time
‫ نزه‬nazih and ‫ نزيه‬nazīh pl. ‫نزھاء‬
nuzahā’2, ‫ نزاه‬nizāh pure, chaste,
blameless, above reproach, of
unblemished record, decent, honorable,
respectable; honest, upright. righteous;
scrupulous, correct; impartial
‫ نزه‬nazah and ‫ نزاھة‬nazāha purity,
blamelessness, honesty; uprightness,
righteousness, probity, integrity,
respectability; impartiality
‫ نزھة‬nuzha pl. ‫ نزه‬nuzah, -āt walk,
stroll, promenade; pleasure ride; outing,
excursion, pleasure trip; recreation;
amusement. entertainment, diversion, fun;
excursion spot, picnic ground, sight-
seeing spot, tourist attraction 958
‫ منزھة‬manzaha pl. ‫ منازه‬manāzih2
recreation ground, park, garden
‫ تنزيه‬tanzīh elimination of
anthropomorphic elements from the
conception of deity, deanthropomorphism
(theol.)
‫ تنزه‬tanazzuh pl. -āt walk, stroll,
promenade
‫ منزه‬munazzah infallible, free (‫عن‬
from), (far) above s.th. (‫)عن‬
‫ متنزه‬mutanazzih pl. -ūn walker, stroller,
promenader; excursionist
‫ متنزه‬mutanazzah promenade, walk,
stroll, park
‫ منتزه‬muntazah pl. -āt promenade, walk,
stroll; recreation ground; park
1
‫ )نزا )نزو‬nazā u (‫ نزو‬nazw, nuzūw, ‫نزوان‬
nazawān) to spring, jump, leap, bound; --
(‫ نزوان‬nazawān) to escape (‫ عن‬s.th.) │ ‫نزا‬
‫( به قلبه الى‬qalbuhū) to long, yearn for V to
spring, jump, leap, bound; to be in a state
of great commotion, be violently agitated,
to heave, tremble (breast)
‫ نزوان‬nazawān sally, sortie; outburst,
outbreak, eruption
‫ نزوة‬nazwa pl. nazawāt (n. vic.) jump,
leap, bound; sally, sortie; outburst,
outbreak, eruption; surge, dare, dare-up;
impetuosity, violence, vehemence; fit,
attack, paroxysm; sudden mood, caprice,
whim
2
‫ نازي‬and ‫ نازية‬look up alphabetically
‫ نسأ‬nasa’a a (‫ نسء‬nas’) to put off,
postpone, delay, defer, procrastinate (‫ھـ‬
s.th.), -- (‫ نساء‬nasā’) to allow (‫ ه‬s.o.) time
to pay, grant (‫ ه‬s.o.) credit IV = I
‫ نساء‬nasā’ long life, longevity
‫ نساء‬nisā’ women, see ‫نسو‬
‫ نسيئة‬nasī’a credit, delay of payment,
nasī’atan on credit
‫ منسأة‬minsa’a stick, staff
‫ نسب‬nasaba u i (nasab, ‫ نسبة‬nisba) to relate,
refer (‫ الى ھـ‬s.th. to), link, correlate, bring
into relation (‫ الى ھـ‬s.th. with), to trace (‫الى‬
‫ ھـ‬s.th. to s.o. as the originator, ‫ الى ه‬s.o.’s
ancestry to); to ascribe, attribute, impute.
lay (‫ ل‬or ‫ الى ھـ‬s.th. to s.o.), charge (‫ ل‬or ‫الى‬
‫ ھـ‬with s.th. s.o.), accuse (‫ ل‬or ‫ الى ھـ‬of s.th.
s.o.) III to stand in the same relationship (‫ه‬
to s.o.); to correspond (‫ ه‬،‫ ھـ‬to s.o., to
s.th.), tally (‫ ھـ‬with s.th.), to suit, fit (‫ ه‬،‫ھـ‬
s.o., s.th.), go (‫ ه‬,‫ ھـ‬with), become, befit,
behoove (‫ ه‬s.o.); to harmonize, agree, be
in keeping, be compatible, consistent (‫ھـ‬
with), to be similar (‫ ه‬،‫ ھـ‬to s.o., to s.th.),
resemble (‫ ه‬,‫ ھـ‬s.o., s.th.), be like s.o. or
s.th. (‫ ه‬,‫ ;)ھـ‬to be in agreement, in
conformity, in accordance. to tally, check
(‫ ھـ‬with), be conformable (‫ ھـ‬to), to be of
the same family (‫ ه‬as), be or become
related by marriage (‫ ه‬to) VI to be related
to one another, be relatives; to be alike, be
akin, be mutually corresponding, be
interrelated, be in agreement or
conformity, be in the right proportion, be
proportionate, match, fit together, go
together; to be in agreement, in
conformity, in accordance, to tally, check
(‫ مع‬with), be conformable (‫ مع‬to) VIII to
be related (‫ الى‬to s.o.); to derive one’s
origin (‫ الى‬from), trace one’s ancestry (‫الى‬
to), to derive one's name (‫ الى‬from), be
named (‫ الى‬after), to belong, pertain, be
relative (‫ الى‬to), to be associated (‫ الى‬with),
belong (‫ الى‬to a clan, a party, a faction,
etc.); to attach o.s. (‫ الى‬to), associate,
affiliate (‫ الى‬with), to join (‫ الى‬e.g., a
political party), to be admitted (‫ الى‬to a
community), be affiliated (‫ الى‬with, esp.,
as an extraordinary, not a full, member) X
to trace back the ancestry (‫ ه‬of s.o.), to
deem 959 proper (‫ ھـ‬s.th.), approve (‫ ھـ‬of),
sanction, condone (‫ ھـ‬s.th.)
‫ نسب‬nasab pl. ‫ اناسب‬anāsib lineage,
descent; origin. extraction, derivation,
provenience; kinship, relationship,
affinity, relationship by marriage │ ‫سلسلة‬
‫ النسب‬silsilat an-n. family tree, pedigree,
ancestral line, genealogy; ‫علماء األنساب‬
‘ulamā’ al-a. genealogists
‫ نسبة‬nisba ascription, attribution,
imputation; kinship, relationship, affinity,
relationship by marriage; connection, link;
agreement, conformity, affinity; -- (pl. ‫نسب‬
nisab) relation, reference, bearing; ratio,
rate; measure; proportion (math.);
percentage; adjective denoting descent or
origin, ending in ‫( ـي │ نسبة الى‬nisbatan)
and (‫ ل‬or) ‫ بالنسبة الى‬in respect to, with
regard to, regarding, concerning, as to; as
compared with, in comparison with; in
relation to, with reference to; for, to; ‫على‬
‫ نسبة‬in proportion to, in keeping
with, in accordance with, according to,
corresponding to, commensurate with; ‫نسبة‬
‫ الموت‬al-maut death rate; ‫نسبة مئوية‬
(mi’awīya) percentage
‫ نسبي‬nisbī relative, comparative;
percentual, percentile; proportional; ‫نسبيا‬
nisbīyan relatively │ ‫( وزن نسبي‬wazn)
specific gravity
‫ نسبية‬nisbīya relativity
‫ نساب‬nisāb genealogist
‫ نسيب‬nasīb erotic introduction of the
ancient Arabic kasida; -- (pl. , ‫انسباء‬
ansibā’2) relative, kinsman (by mania~e);
brother-in-law; son-in-law; descending
from a distinguished family, patrician,
highborn, noble
‫ انسب‬ansab2 more adequate, more
appropriate, more suitable, better
qualified, fitter
‫ مناسبة‬mun<isaba suitability,
suitableness, appropriateness, aptness,
adequacy; fitness; correlation, analogy,
correspondence; kinship, relationship.
affinity; (pl. -āt) relation, reference,
bearing, relevancy, pertinence; link;
connection; occasion, opportunity │ ‫في‬
‫ مناسبة‬or ‫ لمناسبة‬or ‫ بمناسبة‬on the occasion of;
‫ بھذه المناسبة‬in this connection; ‫لھذه المناسبة‬
due to these circumstances, for this
reason, therefore, consequently, hence; ‫في‬
‫ كل مناسبة‬whenever an opportunity arises,
at every suitable occasion
‫ تناسب‬tanāsub proportional relation,
proportionality; proportionateness,
balance, evenness; uniformity; regularity,
symmetry; harmony; O proportion,
mathematical equation; reciprocal
relationship, interrelation; link, connection
│ ‫‘ عدم التناسب‬adam at-t. disproportion
‫ انتساب‬intisāb membership; affiliation │
‫ طالب باالنتساب‬student by affiliation
‫ منسوب‬mansūb related, brought into
relation; attributed, ascribed, imputed (‫الى‬
to s.o.); belonging, pertaining (‫ الى‬to);
relative (to), concerning, regarding (s.o. or
s.th.); -- (pl. ‫ مناسيب‬manāsīb2) level,
altitude; water level │ ‫ منسوب البحر‬m. al-
baḥr sea level; ‫‘( مناسيب عالية‬āliya) high
water levels, high waters
‫ منسوبية‬mansūbīya nepotism
‫ مناسب‬munāsib suitable, fitting,
appropriate, proper, adequate;
corresponding, commensurate;
correspondent, congruous, analogous,
conformable; proportional (math.)
‫ متناسب‬mutanāsib proportionate,
properly proportioned; proportional;
mutually corresponding, analogous │
‫ متناسب األجزاء‬even, regular, symmetrical
‫ منتسب‬muntasib member, affiliate │
‫‘( عضو منتسب‬uḍw) associate (e.g., of an
academy)
‫ ناسوت‬nāsūt human nature, humanity 960
‫ نسج‬nasaja u i (nasj) to weave (‫ ھـ‬s.th.); to knit
│ ‫( نسج على منواله‬minwālihī) to imitate s.o.,
follow in s.o.’s tracks, walk in s.o.’s
footsteps, act or proceed like s.o.; ‫نسج نسجه‬
(nasjahū) do. VIII to be woven
 ‫ نسج‬nasj weaving; fabric, texture │ ‫نسج‬
‫ الخيال‬al-kayāl fabling, flight of fancy
‫ نساج‬nassāj weaver
‫ نساجة‬nisāja art of weaving; weaver’s
trade, textile industry
‫ نسيج‬nasīj pl. ‫ نسوج‬nusūj, ‫ انسجة‬ansija,
‫ انساج‬ansāj texture, web, tissue (also
anat.); woven fabric, textile │ ‫نسيج خلوي‬
(kalawī) cellular tissue (anat.); ‫نسيج‬
‫ العنكبوت‬n. al-‘ankabūt spider’s web,
cobweb; ‫ نسيج وحده‬n. waḥdihī unique in his
(its) kind, singular, unparalleled; ‫نسيج‬
‫ عصره‬n. ‘aṣrihī unique in his (its) time
‫ منسج‬mansaj, mansij pl. ‫ مناسج‬manāsij
weaver’s shop, weaving mill
‫ منسج‬minsaj loom
‫ منسوج‬mansūj woven; woven fabric,
textile; texture, tisane, web; pl. ‫منسوجات‬
woven goods, dry goods, textiles
‫ نسخ‬nasaka a (nask) to delete (‫ ھـ‬s.th.);
to abolish (‫ ھـ‬s.th.); to abrogate, invalidate
(‫ ھـ‬s.th.); to repeal, revoke, withdraw (‫ھـ‬
s.th.); to cancel (‫ ھـ‬a contract); to replace (
‫ ب ھـ‬s.th. by), substitute (‫ ب ھـ‬for s.th. s.th.
else); to transcribe, copy (‫ ھـ‬s.th.) III to
supersede, supplant, replace (‫ ھـ‬s.th.), take
the place (‫ ھـ‬of s.th.) V to be deleted,
abolished, abrogated, invalidated VI to
succeed, each other, follow successively;
to pass from one body into another,
transmigrate (soul) VIII to abolish, cancel,
abrogate, invalidate (s.th.); to transcribe,
copy (‫ ھـ‬s.th.) X to demand the abolition (
‫ ھـ‬of s.th.); to transcribe, copy (‫ ھـ‬s.th.)
‫ نسخ‬nask abolition, abolishment,
abrogation, cancellation, invalidation;
copying, transcription │ ‫ قلم النسخ‬qalam
an-n. Neskhi ductus (see below); ‫آ لة النسخ‬
duplicating machine, mimeograph;
copying press
‫ نسخي‬naskī Neskhi, the ordinary cursive
Arabic script, the common calligraphic
style
‫ نسخة‬nuska pl. ‫ نسخ‬nusak transcript;
copy (also, e.g., of a book, of a
newspaper, etc.)
‫ نساخ‬nasssāk pl. ‫ نساخة‬nassāka copyist,
transcriber; scribe, scrivener, clerk
‫ تناسخ‬tanāsuk succession;
transmigration of souls, metempsychosis
‫ استنساخ‬istinsāk copying, transcription
‫ ناسخ‬nāsik pl. ‫ نساخ‬nusssāk abrogative,
abolishing; copyist, transcriber │ ‫آية ناسخة‬
Koranic verse which abrogates and
supersedes another verse
‫ منسوخ‬mansūk abrogated (Koranic
verse)
‫ نسر‬V to get torn; to break, snap X to become
eagle-like
‫ نسور‬nasr pl. ‫ نسور‬nusūr, ‫ نسورة‬nusūra
eagle; vulture
‫ نسارية‬nusārīya eagle
‫ ناسور‬nāsūr pl. ‫ نواسر‬nawāsir2 fistula,
tumor
‫ منسر‬minsar, mansir, pl. ‫ مناسر‬manāsir2
beak (of predatory birds); band, gang,
group, troop
‫ نسطوري‬nusṭūrī pl. ‫ نساطرة‬nasāṭira Nestorian
‫ نسغ‬nusg sap (of a plant)
‫ نسف‬nasafa i (nasf) to pulverize, atomize,
spray (‫ ھـ‬s.th.); to carry away and scatter
(wind -- the dust); to blow up, blast (‫ھـ‬
s.th.); O to torpedo (‫ ھـ‬a ship) IV to 961
scatter (esp., wind -- the dust) VIII to raze
(‫ ھـ‬s.th.); to blow up, blast (‫ ھـ‬s.th.)
‫ نسف‬nasf blowing up, blasting;
destruction, demolition
‫ نساف‬nussāf pl. ‫ نساسيف‬nasāsīf a variety
of swallow; rhinoceros hornbill (zool.)
‫ نسافة‬nusāfa chaff
‫ نسافة‬nassāfa pl. -āt torpedo boat
‫ منسف‬minsaf and ‫ منسفة‬minsafa pl. ‫مناسف‬
manāsif2 winnow
‫ ناسف‬nāsif and ‫ ناسفة‬nāsifa explosive,
dynamite
‫ نسق‬nasaqa u (nasq) and II to string (‫ ھـ‬pearls);
to put in proper order, arrange nicely,
range, array, order, marshal, dispose (‫ھـ‬
s.th.); to set up, line up (‫ ھـ‬s.th.) V to be
well-ordered, be in proper order, be nicely
arranged; to be arranged, arrayed,
disposed VI do.; to be geared to each
 other, be well-coordinated (weapons) VIII
=V
‫ نسق‬nask ordering, successive
arrangement, lining up, alignment
‫ نسق‬nasaq order, array, layout,
arrangement, disposition; connection,
succession, sequence; manner, mode,
system, method; symmetry; ‫ نسقا‬nasaqan
in regular order, in rows │ ‫ على نسق‬in the
manner of; ‫ على نسق واحد‬in the same
manner, equally, evenly, uniformly; ‫حروف‬
‫ النسق‬conjunctions (gram.)
‫ نسيق‬nasīq well-ordered, well-arranged,
regular, even, uniform
‫ تنسيق‬tansīq ordering, arraying; setting
up, drawing up; distribution, disposition;
arrangement; systematic arrangement;
planned economy │ ‫( تنسيق داخلي‬dākilī)
interior decoration
‫ تنسق‬tanassuk uniformity
‫ تناسق‬tanāsuk order; symmetry;
harmony
‫ منسق‬munasaq well-ordered, well-
arranged; staggered (troop formation);
harmonious
‫ متناسق‬mutanāsiq well-ordered, well-
arranged, regular, symmetrical
‫ نسك‬nasaka u and nasuka u (‫ نساكة‬nasāka) to
lead a devout life; to live the life of an
ascetic V do.; to be pious, devout,
otherworldly
‫ نسك‬nask, nusk, nusuk piety,
devoutness; asceticism; reclusion
‫ نسكي‬nusukī ascetic (adj.)
‫ نسك‬nusuk sacrifice; ceremonies (of the
pilgrimage)
‫ ناسك‬nāsik pl. ‫ نساك‬nussāk hermit,
recluse, penitent; ascetic; pious man,
devotee
‫ منسك‬mansik pl. ‫ مناسك‬manāsik2
hermitage, cell of an ascetic; place of
sacrifice; ceremony, ritual, esp., during
the pilgrimage
‫ نسل‬nasala u (nasl) to beget, procreate, sire,
father (‫ ه‬children); -- u to pluck out (‫ھـ‬
s.th.); to pluck (‫ ھـ‬s.th.); to ravel out,
unravel, untwist, fray (‫ ھـ‬s.th.); to molt; (
‫ نسول‬nusūl) to fall out (hair, feathers) II to
separate into fibers, to shred, ravel (‫ھـ‬
rags); to unravel, undo (‫ ھـ‬a woven or
knitted fabric) IV to beget, procreate, sire,
father (‫ ه‬children); to molt; to fall out
(hair, feathers) VI to propagate, breed,
reproduce, multiply; to beget offspring; to
descend, be descended (‫ من‬from)
‫ نسل‬nasl pl. ‫ انسال‬ansāl progeny,
offspring, issue, descendants │ ‫تقليل النسل‬
birth control; ‫( الحرث والنسل‬ḥart) the
civilization of mankind
‫ نسالة‬nusāla fibrous waste, thrums;
ravelings; lint
O ‫ نسالة‬nassāla raveling machine,
willow 962
‫ نسولة‬nasūla brood animal
O ‫ نسيلة‬nasīla offprint, reprint
‫ انسال‬insāl procreation, generation
‫ تناسل‬tanāsul sexual propagation,
procreation, generation, reproduction │
‫ اعضاء التناسل‬sexual organs, genitals; ‫ضعف‬
‫ التناسل‬ḍu‘f at-t. sexual impotence
‫ تناسلي‬tanāsulī procreative, propagative;
genital, sexual │ ‫( مرض تناسلي‬maraḍ)
venereal disease
‫ تناسليات‬tanāsulīyāt sexual organs
‫ نسم‬nasama i (nasm, ‫ نسمان‬nasamān) to
blow gently II to commence, start, begin
(‫ في‬s.th.) V to blow; to breathe; to
inhale (‫ ھـ‬s.th.); to-exhale (‫ ب‬a fragrant
smell), smell pleasantly, be redolent (‫ب‬
of), be fragrant (‫ ب‬with) │ ‫تنسم الخبر‬
(kabara) to nose around for news, sniff
out the news
‫ نسم‬nasam pl. ‫ انسام‬ansām breath; breath
of life
‫ نسمة‬nasama pl. -āt breath; whiff, waft;
breeze; O aura; breathing, living creature;
person, soul (e.g., in a census, as a
numerative in statistics)
‫ نسيم‬nasīm pl. ‫ نسام‬nisām, ‫ نسائم‬nasā’im2
breath of air, fresh air; wind, breeze │ ‫شم‬
‫ النسيم‬šamm an-n. Egyptian popular holiday
celebrated on the Monday following
Greek-Coptio Easter
 ‫ منسم‬mansim pl. ‫ مناسم‬manāsim2 foot
sole, padded foot (of animals)
‫ متنسم‬mutanassim (with foll. genit.)
place where s.th. blows, is exhaled,
emanates, or exudes
‫ نسانس‬nanās, nisnās pl. ‫ نسانس‬nasānis2 a
fabulous creature of the woods, having
one leg and one arm; (eg.) monkey
‫ نسوة‬niswa, ‫ نسوان‬niswān and ‫ نساء‬nisā’ women
(pl. of ‫)امرأة‬
‫ نسوي‬nisawī and ‫ نسائي‬nisā’ī female,
feminine, womanly, women’s; ‫نسائيات‬
women’s affairs, things belonging to a
woman’s world
‫ نسائية‬nisā’īya feminist movement
‫ نسي‬nasiya a (nasy, ‫ نسيان‬nisyān) to forget (‫ھـ‬
s.th.) │ ‫ ما انس ال انس‬mā ansa lā ansā (lit.:
whatever I may forget, I shall not forget,
i.e.) I shall never forget; sometimes also:
‫( ما انس ال انسى‬ansā) and ‫( ان انس فال انسى‬in) I
shall never forget IV to make (‫ ه‬s.o.)
forget (‫ ھـ‬s.th.) VI to pretend to have
forgotten (‫ ھـ‬s.th.); to forget, neglect, omit
(‫ ھـ‬s.th.), become oblivious (‫ ھـ‬of)
‫ نسي‬nasy oblivion, forgetfulness; s.th.
one hal forgotten │ ‫ اصبح نسيا منسيا‬aṣbaḥa
nasyan mansīyas to be completely
forgotten, fall into utter oblivion
‫ نسي‬nasīy, ‫ نساء‬nassā’ and ‫ نسيان‬nisyān2
forgetful, oblivious
‫ نسيان‬nisyān oblivion, forgetfulness
‫ منسي‬mansīy forgotten; pl. ‫( منسيات‬as
opposed to ‫ )محفوظات‬things once
memorized and now forgotten
‫ نش‬našša i (našš, ‫ نشيش‬nasīš) to sizzle, simmer,
bubble, boil up; to hiss; -- to drive away
flies
‫ ورق نشاش‬waraq naššāš blotting paper
‫ منشة‬minašša fly whisk
‫ نشأ‬naša’a a and ‫ نشؤ‬našū’a u (‫ نشء‬naš’, ‫نشوء‬
nušū’, ‫ نشأة‬naš’a) to rise, rise aloft,
emerge, appear, loom up; to come into
being, come into existence, originate,
form, arise, come about, crop up; to
proceed, spring (‫ من‬or ‫ عن‬from), grow out
(‫ من‬or ‫ عن‬of); to follow, ensue, result,
derive (‫ من‬or ‫ عن‬from); to grow, grow up;
to develop, evolve │ ‫( نشأ نشوءا ذاتيا‬dātīyan)
to start by iteslf, arise spontaneously,
come about automatically 963 II to cause
to grow; to bring up, raise (‫ ھـ‬a child) IV
to cause (‫ ھـ‬s.th.) to rise; to create, bring
into being (‫ ھـ‬s.th., of God); to bring forth,
produce, generate, engender (‫ ھـ‬s.th.), give
rise (‫ ھـ‬to s.th.); to make, manufacture,
fabricate (‫ ھـ‬s.th.); to build, construct (‫ھـ‬
s.th.); to call into existence, originate,
start, found, establish, organize. institute (
‫ ھـ‬s.th.); to set up, erect (‫ ھـ‬s.th.); to install
(‫ ھـ‬s.th.); to compose, draw up (‫ ھـ‬a piece
of writing), write (‫ ھـ‬a book); to bring up,
raise, rear (‫ ه‬a child); to begin, start,
commence, initiate (‫ ھـ‬s.th.) V to grow,
develop, spread, gain ground X to search,
ask, look (‫ ھـ‬for news)
‫ نشء‬naš’ youth; new generation │ ‫النشء‬
‫ الجديد‬the young generation
‫ نشأة‬naš’a growing up, upgrowth,
growth; early life. youth; rise, birth,
formation, genesis; origin; youth, young
generation; culture, refinement;
upbringing. background (of a person) │
‫( نشأة مستأنفة‬musta’nafa) rebirth,
renaissance
‫ نشوء‬nusii’ growing, growth,
development, evolution │ O ‫النشوء‬
‫ والترقي‬madhab an-n. wa-t-taraqqī theory
of evolution, evolutionism
O ‫ النشوئيون‬an-nušū’īyūn the
evolutionists
‫ منشأ‬manša’ place of origin or up-
growth; birth place, home town, home;
fatherland, homeland, native country;
origin, rise, birth, formation, genesis;
source, springhead, fountainhead;
beginning, start, onset
‫ تنشيء‬tanšī’ upbringing, education
‫ تنشئة‬tanši’a upbringing, education
‫ إنشاء‬inšā’ creation; origination;
bringing about; setting up. Establishment,
organization, institution; formation;
making, manufacture, production;
erection; building, construction; founding,
foundation; installation; composition,
compilation, writing; letter writing; style,
art of composition; essay, treatise │
‫‘( انشاءات عسكرية‬askarīya) military
 installations; ‫ اعادة اإلنشاء‬i’ādat al-i.
reconstruction
‫ إنشائي‬inšā’ī creative; constructive;
relating to composition or style; stylistic;
editing, editorial │ ‫( برنامج إنشائي‬barnāmaj)
production program; ‫( قطعة انشائية‬qiṭ‘a)
exercise in composition; ‫موضوع انشائي‬
theme, composition
‫ ناشئ‬nāši’ growing, growing up;
arising, originating, proceeding,
emanating, springing, resulting (or from);
beginner; (in sports) junior; youngster,
youth
‫ ناشئة‬nāši’a youth, rising generation
‫ منشئ‬munši’ creating; creative; creator;
organizer, promoter, founder; author,
writer
‫ منشأة‬munša’a pl. -āt creation, product,
work, OpUs; foundation, establishment;
installation; institution, institute; pl. ‫ نشادر‬nušādir and ‫ نوشادر‬nūšādir ammonia
installations (e.g., industrial, military)
1 ‫ نشر‬našara u (našr) to spread out (‫ ھـ‬s.th.); to
‫ نشب‬našiba a (našb, ‫ نشبة‬nušba, ‫ نشوب‬nušūb)
to be fixed, be attached, cling, stick,
adhere (‫ في‬to); to attend (‫ ب‬s.th.), be
incident (‫ ب‬to); to get involved (‫ في‬in),
meddle (‫ في‬with); to break out (war) │ ‫ما‬
‫ نشب‬or ‫ لم ينشب‬not to hesitate II and IV to
stick on, paste on, attach, fix, insert (‫ھـ‬
s.th.)
‫ نشب‬našb property, possession
‫ نشوب‬nušūb clinging, adherence (‫ في‬to);
outbreak
‫ نشاب‬naššāb arrow maker; archer,
bowman
‫ نشاب‬nuššāb (coll.; n. un. ‫ )ة‬pl. ‫نشاشيب‬
našāšīb2 arrows
‫ منتشب‬muntašib fierce, violent (battle)
2
‫ منشوبية‬look up alphabetically 964
‫ نشج‬našaja i (‫ نشيج‬našīj) to sob
‫ نشد‬našada u (našd, ‫ نشدة‬našda, ‫ نشدان‬nišdān) to
seek (‫ ھـ‬s.th.), look, search (‫ ھـ‬for); to
adjure, implore (‫ ه ه‬s.o. by, e.g., ‫ ﷲ‬allaha
by God) III to adjure, implore (‫ ان يفعل ه‬or
‫ ھـ ه‬s.o. to do s.th., ‫ ه ه‬s.o. by, e.g., ‫ﷲ‬
allāha by God) IV to seek (‫ ھـ‬s.th.), look,
search (‫ ھـ‬for); to sing (‫ ھـ‬s.th.); to recite (
‫ ھـ ه‬to s.o. verses) VI to recite verses to
each other X to ask (‫ ه‬s.o.) to recite verses
‫ نشيد‬našīd and ‫ انشودة‬unšūda pl. ‫نشائد‬
našā’id2, ‫ انشاد‬anšād, ‫ اناشيد‬anāšīd2 song;
hymn, anthem │ ‫ نشيد األناشد‬or ‫نشيد األنشاد‬
the Song of Solomon, the Song of Songs;
‫( النشيد األممي‬umamī) the International; ‫نشيد‬
‫( حماسي‬ḥamāsī) rallying song; ‫نشيد عسكري‬
(‘askarī) soldier’s song, marching song;
military march; ‫( نشيد قومي‬qaumī) or ‫نشيد‬
‫( وطني‬waṭanī) national anthem; ‫نشيد ليلي‬
(lailī) serenade; ‫( نشيد ملكي‬malakī) royal
anthem
‫ مناشدة‬munāšada urgent request, earnest
appeal, adjuration
‫ انشاد‬inšād recitation, recital
‫ منشود‬manšūd sought, aspired, desired,
pursued (aim, objective)
‫ منشد‬munšid singer
unfold, open (‫ ھـ‬s.th.); to unroll (‫ ھـ‬s.th.);
to hoist (‫ ھـ‬a flag); -- u i to spread, diffuse,
emit (‫ ھـ‬e.g., a scent); to announce
publicly, publicize (‫ ھـ‬s.th.); to publish (‫ھـ‬
a book, an advertisement, etc.); to
propagate, spread (‫ ھـ‬s.th.); -- u (našr, ‫نشور‬
nušūr) to resurrect from the dead (‫ ه‬s.o.);
-- to saw apart (‫ ھـ‬s.th.) II to spread out,
unfold (‫ ھـ‬s.th.) IV to resurrect from the
dead (‫ ه‬s.o.) V to be spread out, be
unfolded; to spread VIII to be spread out,
be unfolded; to spread (news, a disease,
etc.); to spread out, extend, expand; to be
propagated, be conveyed (waves); to be
diffused, be scattered, be dispersed, be
thrown into disorder; O to fan out, extend
(mil.)
‫ نشر‬našr unfolding; spreading,
diffusion; propagation; promulgation;
publication; notification, announcement;
resurrection │ ‫ نشر الدعوة‬n. ad-da‘wa
propaganda; .r;J1 r.J! lIa..m an·n. Day of
Resurrection; ‫ دار النشر‬publishing house
‫ نشرة‬našra pl. našarāt (public) notice,
proclamation; publication; report, account;
announcement; advertisement; circular;
leaflet, pamphlet, handbill; periodical;
order, ordinance, decree, edict │ ‫نشرة‬
‫ األخبار‬or ‫( نشرة اخبارية‬ikbārīya) newscast,
news (radio); ‫( نشرة دورية‬daurīya)
periodical publication; ‫نشرة اسبوعية‬
(usbū‘īya) weekly publication, weekly
paper; newsreel; ‫( نشرات جوية‬jawwīya)
weather report (radio); ‫نشر خاصة باألسعار‬
(kāṣṣa) prospectus, price list; ‫نشرة يومية‬
(rasmīya) official publication, bulletin;
‫( نشرة شھرية‬šahrīya) monthly publication;
O ‫( نشرة يومية‬yaumīya) order of the day
(mil.)
‫ نشار‬naššār sawyer
‫ نشارة‬nišāra (activity of) sawing
‫ نشارة‬nušāra sawdust
‫ نشور‬nušūr resurrection │ ‫يوم النشور‬
yaum an-n. Day of Resurrection
‫ منشار‬minšār pl. ‫ مناشير‬manāšīr2 saw
‫ انتشار‬intišār spreading, spread,
diffusion, diffusiveness
‫ ناشر‬nāšir publisher
‫ منشور‬manšūr spread abroad.
propagated, made public, published; sawn
(apart); -- (pl. -āt, ‫ مناشير‬manāšīr2) leaflet,
pamphlet, handbill; circular; prospectus;
proclamation; order, ordinance, decree,
edict; prism (math.) 965
‫ منشوري‬look up alphabetically
‫ منتشر‬muntašir spreading, spread out;
widespread, current, rife; prevailing,
prevalent, predominant
‫ نشز‬našaza u i (našz) to be elevated, be
located high above; to rise; -- (‫ نشوز‬nušūz)
to be recalcitrant, disobedient (‫ ب‬،‫ من‬،‫على‬
toward her husband; said of a woman); to
treat (a wife) brutally (said of a man) IV
to restore to life, revive, reanimate (‫ھـ‬
s.th.)
‫ نشز‬našaz pl. ‫ انشاز‬anšāz elevated place,
high ground
‫ نشاز‬našāz dissonance, discord
‫ نشوز‬nušūz animosity, hostility;
antipathy; dissonance, discord; (īsl. Law)
violation of marital duties on the part of
either husband or wife, specif.,
recalcitrance of the woman toward her
husband, and brutal treatment of the wife
by the husband
‫ ناشز‬nāšiz protruding, elevated, raised;
jarring, dissonant, discordant; recalcitrant
‫ ناشزة‬nāšiza pl. ‫ نواشز‬nawāšiz2
recalcitrant woman, shrew, termagant
‫ نشط‬našiṭa a (‫ نشاط‬našāṭ) to be lively,
animated, brisk, sprightly, vivacious,
spirited, active, eager, keen, zealous,
brave, cheerful, gay; to display vim and
energy (‫ في‬in some work), be energetic
and active, work energetically and
actively (‫ الى‬for, toward); to be in the
mood (‫ ل‬for), feel like doing s.th. (‫ ;)ل‬to
be glad, enthusiastic (‫ ل‬about); to apply
o.s. eagerly, attend actively (‫ ل‬to some
activity), embark briskly (‫ ل‬upon s.th.) │
‫‘( نشط من عقاله‬iqālihī) to be freed from
one’s shackles, be unfettered, be
unshackled; -- našafa u (našf) to tie a knot
(‫ ھـ‬in a rope), knot (. a rope) II and IV
to incite, spur on, enliven, stimulate,
activate, excite (‫ ه‬،‫ ھـ‬s.o., s.th.); to
strengthen, invigorate, animate, inspirit,
energize (‫ ه‬s.o.), impart vim and energy (‫ه‬
to s.o.), encourage, embolden (‫ ه‬s.o., ‫ الى‬to
do s.th.); to knot, tie up (‫ ھـ‬s.th.) V to be
lively, animated, brisk, sprightly,
vivacious, spirited, active, eager, keen,
zealous, brave, cheerful, gay; to display
vim and energy (‫ في‬in some work), be
energetic and active, work energetically
and actively (‫ الى‬for, toward); to be in the
mood (‫ ل‬for), feel like doing s.th. (‫)ل‬
‫ نشط‬našiṭ lively, animated, spirited,
brisk, sprightly, vivacious, agile, nimble;
stirring, bustling, busy, enterprising,
energetic, active
‫ نشطة‬našṭa energy; eagerness, ardor,
zeal
‫ نشاط‬našāṭ briskness, sprightliness,
liveliness, animation, vivacity; agility,
alacrity, eagerness, ardor, zeal, energy,
vim, activeness; activity; lively activity,
action, operation; strength, power
(physical and mental); vigor, vital energy,
vitality │ ‫( نشاط جوي‬jawwī) aerial activity;
‫( نشاط اشعاعي‬iš‘ā‘ī) radioactivity; ‫ذو نشاط‬
‫ اشعاعي‬radioactive; ‫مواد ذات نشاط اشعاعي‬
(mawād2) radioactive substances,
radioactive matter; ‫ صاحب نشاط‬active; ‫عديم‬
‫ النشاط‬inactive, dull, listless (stock market)
 ‫ نشيط‬našīṭ pl. ‫ نشاط‬nišāṭ brisk, lively,
spirited, animated, cheerful, gay; stirring,
bustling, busy, active, energetic; glad,
happy, enthusiastic (‫ ل‬about), actively
devoted (‫ ل‬to) │ ‫( الجنس النشيط‬jins) the
stronger sex
2
‫ انشوطة‬unšūṭa pl. ‫ اناشيط‬anāšīṭ knot,
slipknot, bow, noose
‫ منشط‬manšaṭ pleasant thing
‫ تنشيط‬tanšīṭ encouragement, incitement;
stimulation; enlivening, animation,
activation 966
‫ ناشط‬nāšiṭ brisk, lively, spirited,
animated, cheerful, gay; stirring, bustling,
busy, active, energetic
‫ منشط‬munšiṭ spur, incentive, impetus,
stimulus
‫ نشع‬naša‘a a (naš‘) to tear out, tear off (‫ھـ‬
s.th.) VIII do.
‫ نشع‬naš‘ leakage water, seepage
‫ منشع‬munašša‘ sodden, soggy, soaked,
drenched, soaking wet
‫ نشف‬našafa u (našf) to suck up, absorb (‫ھـ‬
s.th.); -- nasifa a to dry, dry up, dry out,
become dry II to dry, make dry (‫ ھـ‬s.th.);
to wipe (dry), rub dry (‫ ھـ‬s.th.) │ ‫نشف ريقه‬
(rīqahū) to exert o.s., toil hard; to pester,
molest s.o. V = nasifa; to wipe o.s. dry; to
be wiped dry, be dried
‫ نشف‬našaf desiccation, dryfless
‫ نشاف‬naššāf blotting paper
‫ نشافة‬naššāfa sheet of blotting paper,
blotting pad; blotter; towel
‫ منشفة‬minšafa pl. ‫ مناشف‬manāšif towel;
cleaning rag; napkin
‫ تنشيف‬tanšīfdrying
‫ ناشف‬nāšif desiccated, dried up, dry;
hard, stiff, tough
‫ نشق‬našiqa a (našq and našaq) to smell, sniff,
inhale (‫ ھـ‬sth.); to suff up the nosrils(‫ھـ‬
s.th.) II and IV to give (‫ ھـ ه‬s.o. s.th.) to
smell, make (‫ ه‬s.o.) inhale (‫ ھـ‬s.th.) V and
VIII to inhale, breathe in; to snuff up the
nostrils (‫ ھـ‬s.th.) │ ‫( انتشق الھواء‬hawā’a) to
get some fresh air X = I; to nose around (
‫ ھـ‬for), sniff out (‫ ھـ‬s.th.)
‫ نشق‬našq, ‫ تنشق‬tanaššuq and ‫استنشاق‬
istinšāq inhaling, inhalation
‫ نشوق‬našūq, nušūq snuff
‫ تنشيقة‬tanšīqa pinch of snuff
‫ نشل‬našala u (naš) to take away, snatch away,
steal, pilfer (‫ ھـ‬s.th.); to extricate (from
dangers, difficulties, etc.), liberate,
deliver, save (‫ ه‬s.o.) VIII to extricate; to
raise, raise aloft; to gather up, pick up
(shipwrecked persons, etc.), save, rescue (
‫ ه‬s.o.)
‫ نشل‬našl pickpocketing, pickpocketry
‫ نشال‬naššāl pickpocket
‫ نشان‬nišān and ‫ نيشان‬nīšān pl. ‫ نياشين‬nayāšīn2
sign; mark; aim, goal; target; decoration,
medal. order; ('1/.) bridal attire
‫ نشنجي‬našanjī and ‫ نشانجي‬naānjī
marksman, good shot, sharpshooter
‫ نشنكاه‬nišankāh sight (of a gun)
‫ نشنش‬našnaša to be nimble, swift, brisk, adroit,
dexterous, agile, active; to boil up, sizzle,
simmer, bubble II tanašnaša to be nimble
and dexterous; to revive, recover, pick up
(‫ نشو‬and ‫ نشي( نشي‬našiya a (‫ نشوة‬našwa, nušwa,
nišwa) to be or become intoxicated, be or
become drunk II to starch (‫ ھـ‬clothes,
linen) VIII to become intoxicated X to
smell (‫ ھـ‬a scent), to inhale (‫ ھـ‬a breeze)
‫ نشوة‬našwa fragrance, aroma, scent,
perfume; intoxication, drunkenness;
frenzy, delirium │ ‫ نشوة الطرب‬n. aṭ-ṭarab
rapture, elation, exultation, enthusiasm,
ecstasy
‫ نشا‬našan scent, perfume; starch,
cornstarch
‫ نشاء‬našā’ starch, cornstarch
‫ نشوي‬našawī starchy; pl. ‫ نشويات‬starchy
foodstuffs
‫ نشوان‬našawān2, f. ‫ نشوى‬našwā, pl. ‫نشاوى‬
našāwā intoxicated, drunk; enraptured,
elated, exultant, flushed
‫ انتشاء‬intišā’ intoxication 967
‫ نص‬naṣṣa u (naṣṣ) to fix, lay down, appoint,
stipulate (‫ على‬s.th.), provide (‫ على‬for),
specify, determine (‫ على‬or ‫ عن‬s.th.), define
(‫ على‬s.th.); to fix or determine the text (‫ھـ‬
of s.th.), draw up, compose (‫ ھـ‬a letter); to
arrange, stack, pile up in layers (‫ ھـ‬s.th.);
to set up, line up (‫ ھـ‬s.th.)
‫ نص‬pl. ‫ نصوص‬text; wording, version;
passage, word, phrase, sentence, clause;
expression, manner of expression,
language, phraseology, style; provision,
term, stipulation, condition; arrangement;
manifestation, evidence │ ‫ بنصه‬verbatim,
‫ بنصه وفصه‬bi-n. wa-faṣṣihī in the very
words, ipsissimis verbis, literally,
precicely; ‫ نصا وروحا‬naṣṣan wa-rūḥan in
letter and spirit
‫ نصة‬nuṣṣa pl. ‫ نصص‬nuṣaṣ, forelock
‫ منصة‬minṣa pl. -āt, ‫ مناص‬manāṣṣ2 raised
platform, dais, tribune, podium; bridal
throne; easel │ ‫ منصة الحكم‬m. al-ḥukm
position of power; ‫ منصة الخطابة‬rostrum
‫ تنصيص‬tanṣīṣ quotation │ ‫عالمات‬
‫‘ التنصيص‬alāmāt at-t. quotation marks
‫ منصوص عليه‬manṣūṣ ‘alaihi fixed,
appointed, stipulated, provided for,
specified; determined; laid down in
writing
‫ نصب‬naṣaba u (naṣb) to raise, rear,
erect, set up, put up (‫ ھـ‬s.th.); to prepare,
get ready, fit up (‫ ھـ‬s.th.); to pitch (‫ ھـ‬a
tent); to plant, raise (‫ ھـ‬a standard, a
flagstaff), hoist (‫ ھـ‬a flag); to plant (‫ ھـ‬a
tree); O to level, aim (‫ ھـ‬a cannon); to
appoint to an office, install in an official
position; to show, manifest, display (‫ل‬
toward s.o., ‫ ھـ‬evil, enmity); to direct, aim
(‫ ھـ‬s.th., e.g., criticism, ‫ على‬against or at
s.o.); (eg.) to cheat, swindle, dupe, gull,
deceive (‫ على‬s.o.); (gram.) to pronounce (a
final consonant) with the vowel a; to put
(a noun) in the accusative, put (a verb) in
the subjunctive │ ‫( نصب له الحرب‬ḥarba) to
declare war on s.o.; ‫( نصب له شركا‬šarakan)
or ‫( نصب له فخا‬fakkan) to set a trap for s.o.;
‫( نصب له كمينا‬kamīnan) to prepare an
ambush for s.o.; ‫( نصب مكيدة‬makīdatan) to
devise a clever plan, hatch a plot; --
naṣaba u (naṣb) to distress, trouble,
fatigue, wear out, exhaust (disease or
sorrow; ‫ ه‬s.o.); to jade (‫ ه‬s.o.) │ ‫نصبوا انفسھم‬
‫( ل‬anfusahum) they made every effort in
order to ..., they struggled hard to ...; --
naṣiba a (naṣab) to be tired, fatigued,
jaded, worn out, exhausted; to exert o.s. to
the utmost (‫ في‬in) II to set up, set upright,
rear, raise, lift up (‫ ھـ‬s.th.); to install (‫ه ه‬
s.o. as), appoint (‫ ه ه‬s.o. to an office) │ ‫نص‬
‫( ب اذنيه‬udnaihi) to prick up one’s ears III
to be hostile (‫ ه‬to s.o.), fight, combat,
oppose (‫ ه‬s.o.), display enmity │ ‫ناصبه‬
‫( الحرب‬ḥarba) to declare war on s.o.; ‫ناصبه‬
‫( الشر‬šarra) to show o.s. openly hostile to
s.o., open hostilities against s.o.; ‫ناصب‬
‫‘( العداء‬adā’a) to declare o.s. the enemy of
s.o. IV to tire, fatigue, wear out, exhaust (‫ه‬
s.o.); to fix a share or allotment (‫ ه‬for s.o.)
VIII to rise up, straighten up, draw o.s. up;
to plant o.s.; to rise; to get up, stand up,
get on one’s feet; to stand upright, be in a
vertical position; to be set up, be raised; to
be appointed (‫ ل‬to an office), hold an
office (‫( ;)ل‬gram.) to be pronounced with
a (final consonant), be in naṣb (accusative
or subjunctive) │ ‫( انتصب للحكم‬li-l-ḥukm) to
sit in judgment
‫ نصب‬setting up, putting up, placing;
erection; planting, raising (e.g., of a
flagstaff); appointment, installation,
investiture; pronunciation of a final
consonant with a; the putting a noun in the
accusative, or a verb in the subjunctive
(gram.); disease, illness; (eg.) swindle,
trickery, skulduggery, deception, fraud
‫ نصب‬naṣb pl. ‫ انصاب‬anṣāb s.th. planted
in the ground, set up, or erected; plants
(coll.) 968
‫ نصب‬nuṣb, nuṣub pl. ‫ انصاب‬anṣāb
statue; idol, graven image; monument │
‫( نصب تذكاري‬tadkārī) monument, cenotaph
‫ نصب‬nuṣba (prep.) in front of, opposite,
facing │ ‫‘( نصب عيني‬ainayya) before my
eyes; ‫‘( جعل )وضع( ھـ نصب عينيه‬ainaihi) to
direct one’s attention to ..., have ... in view
‫ نصب‬naṣab exertion, strain, hardship,
fatigue; (pl. ‫ انصاب‬anṣāb) flag planted in
the ground
‫ نصبة‬naṣba pl. -āt plant
‫ نصبة‬nuṣba post; pale, stake, pier,
buttress, pillar; signpost, guidepost
‫ نصاب‬niṣāb origin, beginning; (Isl.
Law) minimum amount of property liable
to payment of the zakāh tax; minimum
number or amount; quorum; (pl. -āt, ‫نصب‬
nuṣub) sword hilt, knife handle, saber
guard │ ‫ في نصابه‬in its proper place, in
good order, perfectly all right; ‫استقرت األمور‬
‫( في نصابھا‬istaqarrat) things were
straightened out, returned to normal; ‫وضع‬
‫( الحق في نصابه‬ḥaqqa) to restore justice; ‫رد‬
‫ وضع( امرا الى نصابه‬،‫( )اعاد‬radda, a‘āda
amran) to straighten s.th. out, set a matter
right; ‫( عاد الھدوء الى نصابه‬hudū’u) peace has
been restored; ‫( اتماما للنصاب‬itmāman) so as
to complete the number, in order to round
off the amount
‫ نصاب‬naṣṣāb fraud, cheat, sharper,
swindler, impostor; deceitful, fraudulent
‫ نصيب‬naṣīb pl. ‫ نصب‬nuṣub, ‫انصباء‬
anṣibā’2, ‫ انصبة‬anṣiba share, participation
(‫ في‬in); share of profits, dividend; luck,
chance; fate, lot │ ‫ كان من نصيبه‬to fall to
s.o.’s share or lot; ‫ كان من نصيبه ان‬to be so
fortunate as to ..., have the good fortune to
...; ‫( كان نصيبه من ذلك اإلخفاق‬ikfāqu) to have
bad luck in s.th., draw a blank; ‫ھو على‬
‫( نصيب وافر من‬wāfirin) to have an ample
share in ...
‫ يا نصيب‬yā-naṣīb lottery
‫ منصب‬manṣib pl. ‫ مناصب‬manāṣib2 place
where s.th. is planted, set up, or erected;
office, dignity, rank, position, poet │ ‫ارباب‬
‫ الممناصب‬or ‫ اصحاب المناصب‬high dignitaries
2
‫ منصب‬minṣab pl. ‫ مناصب‬manāṣib
kitchen range, cookstove
‫ تنصيب‬tanṣīb appointment, nomination;
installation, induction (in an official
position)
‫ انتصاب‬intiṣāb raising, rearing, righting;
setting up, putting up; erection
‫ ناصب‬nāṣib tiring, wearisome,
exhausting; -- (pl. ‫ نواصب‬nawāṣib2) word
governing the subjunctive (gram.)
‫ منصوب‬manṣūb erected; set-up, raised;
planted in the ground; fixed, fastened,
attached; installed in office; leveled,
aimed (cannon; ‫ على‬at); (pl. -āt) word in
the accusative or subjunctive
‫ منتصب‬muntaṣib set upright, set-up,
raised, planted in the ground; erected;
upright, erect, straight, vertical,
perpendicular
‫ نصت‬naṣata i (naṣt) and IV to listen, hearken,
give ear (‫ الى‬or ‫ ل‬to s.o., ‫ ل‬to s.th.) V to try
to hear; to eavesdrop, listen secretly
‫ منتصت‬mutanaṣṣit eavesdropper
‫ نصح‬naṣaḥa a (naṣḥ, nuṣḥ, ‫ نصاحة‬naṣāḥa,
‫ نصيحة‬naṣīḥa) to give (‫ ل‬،‫ ه‬s.o.) sincere
advice, advise, counsel (‫ ل‬،‫ ه‬s.o., ‫ ب‬to do
s.th.), admonish. exhort; -- a (naṣḥ, ‫نصوح‬
nuṣūḥ) to be sincere; to mean well (‫ ل‬with
s.o.), wish s.o. (‫ )ل‬well, be well-disposed,
show good will (‫ ل‬toward s.o.); to act in
good faith (‫ ل‬toward s.o.) III to give (‫ه‬
s.o.) sincere advice; to be sincere in one’s
intentions (‫ ه‬toward s.o.) VI to be loyal
and sincere toward each other VIII to take
good advice, follow an advice X to 969
ask (‫ ه‬s.o.) for advice, be advised (‫ ه‬by
s.o.), consult (‫ ه‬s.o.)
‫ نصح‬naṣḥ, nuṣḥ good advice;
counseling, counsel; guidance
‫ نصيح‬naṣīḥ sincere; faithful adviser
‫ نصيحة‬naṣīḥa pl. ‫ نصائح‬naṣā’iḥ2 sincere
advice; friendly admonition, friendly
reminder │ ‫ بذل النصيحة‬to give a word of
advice
‫ نصوح‬naṣūḥ sincere, true, faithful, loyal
‫ استنصاح‬istinṣāḥ consultation
‫ ناصح‬nāṣiḥ pl. ‫ نصاح‬nuṣṣāḥ, ‫نصح‬
nuṣṣah sincere; good counselor, sincere
adviser
‫ نصر‬naṣara u (naṣr, ‫ نصور‬nuṣūr) to help, aid,
assist (‫ على ه‬s.o. against); to render
victorious, let triumph (‫ على ه‬s.o. over; of
God); to deliver (‫ من ه‬s.o. from), keep,
protect, save II to Christianize, convert to
Christianity (‫ ه‬s.o.) III to help, aid, assist,
support, defend, protect (‫ ه‬s.o.) V to try to
help, seek to support (‫ ل‬s.o.), stand up for
s.o. (‫ ;)ل‬to become a Christian VI to
render mutual assistance, help each other
VIII to come to s.o.’s (‫ )ل‬aid, be on s.o.’s (
‫ )ل‬side, side with s.o. (‫ ;)ل‬to be victorious;
to gain a victory, to triumph (‫ على‬over); to
take revenge (‫ من‬on) X to ask (‫ ه‬s.o.) for
assistance
‫ نصر‬naṣr help, aid, assistance, support,
backing; victory; triumph
‫ نصرة‬nuṣra help, aid, assistance,
support, backing
 ‫ نصراني‬naṣrānī pl. ‫ نصارى‬naṣārā
Christian
‫ نصرانية‬naṣrānīya Christianity
‫ نصير‬naṣīr pl. ‫ نصراء‬nuṣarā’2 helper;
supporter, defender, protector; ally,
canfederate; adherent, follower, partisan;
furtherer, promoter, patron
‫ النصيرية‬an-nuṣairīya the Ansarie, a
gnostic sect in Syria
‫ نصف‬naṣafa u i (naṣf) to reach its midst (day),
‫ ناصور‬naṣūr pl. ‫ نواصير‬nawāṣīr2 fistula
‫ منصر‬manṣar pl. ‫ مناصر‬manāṣir2 (eg.)
band of robbers
‫ تنصير‬tanṣīr Christianization; baptism
‫ مناصرة‬munāṣara assistance, help, aid,
support, backing, furtherance, promotion,
patronage
‫ انتصار‬intiṣār (pl. -āt) victory, triumph;
revenge
‫ ناصر‬nāṣir pl. -ūn, ‫ انصار‬anṣār, ‫نصار‬
nuṣṣār helper; protector; granting victory
│ ‫ اخذ بناصره‬to help s.o.
‫ انصار‬anṣār (pl.) adherents, followers,
partisans, sponsors, patrons, friends;
‫ األنصار‬the Medinan followers of
Mohammed who granted him refuge after
the Hegira
‫ الناصرة‬an-nāṣira Nazareth
‫ ناصري‬nāṣirī of Nazareth; Nazarene
‫ منصور‬manṣūr supported, aided (by
God); victorious, triumphant; victor;
‫ المنصورة‬El Mansûra (city in N Egypt)
‫ مناصر‬munāṣir helper, supporter,
defender, protector
‫ منتصر‬muntaṣir victorious, triumphant
‫ نصع‬naṣa‘a a (‫ نصوع‬nuṣū‘) to be clear, pure; to
be plain, evident, obvious, manifest,
patent; to recognize (‫ ب‬s.th., esp., a claim
or title) IV to recognize. acknowledge (‫ب‬
s.th.)
‫ نصوع‬nuṣū‘ whiteness; brightness (of a
color)
‫ نصيع‬naṣī‘ pure, clear; plain, evident,
obvious, ostensible, manifest, patent
‫ نصاعة‬naṣā‘a purity; clearness, clarity
(also. e.g., of argumentation, of
expression) 970
‫ ناصع‬nāṣi‘ pure, clear; plain, evident,
obvious, ostensible, manifest, patent;
white │ ‫ ناصع البياض‬n. al-bayāḍ
snowwhite; ‫( حق ناصع‬ḥaqq) plain truth; ‫لھم‬
‫ جباه ناصعة‬approx.: they have a clean slate,
their skirts are clean
become noon II to divide in the middle,
bisect, halve (‫ ھـ‬s.th.) III to share (‫ ه‬with
s.o.) half of s.th. (‫)ھـ‬, go halves (‫ ھـ ه‬with
s.o. in), share equally (‫ ھـ ه‬with s.o. s.th.)
IV to be just; to treat with justice (‫ ه‬s.o.),
be just (‫ ه‬with s.o.); to see that justice is
done (‫ ه‬to s.o.), see that s.o. (‫ )ه‬gets his
right; to treat without discrimination (‫ه‬
s.o.); to establish s.o.’s (‫ )ه‬right (‫ من‬in the
face of a rival or oppressor); to serve (‫ه‬
s.o.) V to submit, subordinate o.s. (‫ ه‬to
s.o.), serve (‫ ه‬s.o.); to demand justice VIII
to reach its midst, be in the middle, be
midway, be half over (day, night, month,
lifetime); to appeal for justice (‫ من‬to),
demand justice (‫ من‬from); to do justice (‫ل‬
to s.o.); to take vengeance, revenge o.s. (
‫ من‬on) X to demand justice
‫ نصف‬niṣf, pl. ‫ انصاف‬anṣāf half, moiety;
middle │ ‫ نصف الدائرة‬semicircle; ‫نصف‬
‫ شھري‬šahrī semimonthly; ‫ انصاف العذارى‬a.
al-‘adārā demi-vierges; ‫ نصف القرد‬n. al-
qird lemur; ‫ نصف القطر‬n. al-quṭr radius;
‫ نصف الليل‬n. al-lail midnight; ‫ نصف النھار‬n.
an-nahār midday, noon; ‫القسط نصف السنوي‬
al-qisṭ niṣf as-sanawī the semiannual
installment
‫ نصف‬niṣf (uninfl.) medium, middling;
of medium size or quality; middle-aged
‫ نصفي‬niṣfī half-, semi-, hemi-, demi- │
‫( تمثال نصفي‬timtāl) bust; ‫( شلل نصفي‬šalal)
hemiplegia; ‫‘( عمى نصفي‬aman) hemianopia
‫ نصف‬naṣaf and ‫ نصفة‬naṣafa justice
‫ نصيف‬naṣīf veil
‫ تنصيف‬tanṣīf halving, bisection
‫ مناصفة‬munāṣafatan half of it (of them),
by halves, half and half, by equal shares,
fifty-fifty
 ‫ انصاف‬inṣāf justice, equity, fairness;
just treatment
‫ ناصف‬nāṣif pl. ‫ نصاف‬nuṣṣāf, ‫ نصف‬naṣaf,
‫ نصفة‬naṣafa servant
‫ منصف‬munaṣṣif halving, bisecting,
dividing into two equal parts
‫ منصف‬munṣif a righteous, just man;
equitable, fair, just
‫ منتصف‬muntaṣaf middle │ ‫في منتصف‬
‫ الطريق‬halfway, midway; ‫منتصف الساعة‬
٩:٣٠ ‫العاشرة‬, half past nine; ‫ منتصف الليل‬m.
al-lail midnight; ‫ منتصف النھار‬m. an-nahār
midday, noon
‫ نصل‬naṣala a u (‫ نصول‬nuṣūl) to fall out, fall
off, fall to the ground, drop; to fade
(color); to get rid (‫ من‬of), free o.s. (‫من‬
from) V to free o.s. (‫ من‬from), rid o.s. (‫من‬
of); to renounce, disavow, shirk (‫ من‬s.th.),
withdraw (‫ من‬from); to wash one’s hands
of s.th. (‫)من‬, vindicate o.s. clear o.s.,
justify o.s. │ ‫( تنصل من التبعة‬tabi‘a) or ‫تنصل‬
‫( من المسؤولية‬mas’ūlīya) to refuse to take
the responsibility, evade or shirk the
responsibility
‫ نصل‬naṣl (coll.; n. un. ‫ )ة‬pl. ‫ نصال‬niṣāl,
‫ انصل‬anṣul, ‫ نصول‬nuṣūl arrowhead,
spearhead; blade or a knife or sword; O
spread or surface of a leaf (bot.)
‫ ناصل‬nāṣil falling, dropping; faded
‫ نصمة‬naṣama icon, idol, graven image
‫ ناصية‬nāṣiya pl. ‫ نواص‬nawāṣin forelock; fore
part of the head; (street) corner │ ‫اخذ‬
‫ بناصيته‬to seize, take by the forelock, tackle
properly (‫ ھـ‬s.th.); ‫ ملك ناصيته‬to be or
become muter of s.th., have or get s.th,
under control. muter or control s.th.; ‫امتلك‬
‫( نواصيه‬imtalaka) do.; ‫كل اآلمال معقودة بناصيته‬
all hopes are pinned on him; ‫حجر الناصية‬
ḥajar an-n. cornerstone, quoin 971
‫ نض‬naḍḍa i (naḍḍ, ‫ نضيض‬naḍīḍ) to ripple,
drip, percolate, ooze, leak, dribble, trickle
II to move, shake (‫ ھـ‬s.th.)
‫ نض‬naḍḍ cash, hard money, specie,
coin; ‫ نضا‬naḍḍsn in (hard) cash
‫ مال ناض‬māl nāḍḍ cash, hard money,
specie, coin
‫ نضب‬naḍaba u (‫ نضوب‬nuḍūb) to seep away in
the ground, be absorbed by the ground; to
dry up, run dry, peter out; to be exhausted,
be depleted, become less, diminish,
decrease; to dwindle, decline; to die │ ‫ال‬
‫ ينضب‬inexhaustible, incessant IV to
exhaust, drain, deplete, dry up (‫ ھـ‬s.th.)
‫ ناضب‬nāḍib pl. ‫ نضب‬nuḍḍab dried up,
dry; arid, barren, sterile
‫ نضج‬naḍija a (naḍj) to be or become ripe,
ripen, mature (also fig., of an affair, of a
personality, or the like); to be well-
cooked, be or become well done (meat); to
maturate (tumor) IV to bring to ripeness
or maturity, make ripe, ripen (‫ ھـ‬s.th.); to
let (‫ ھـ‬s.th.) ripen; to cook well, do well (‫ھـ‬
s.th.)
‫ نضج‬naḍj, nuḍj ripeness, maturity
‫ نضوج‬nuḍūj ripeness, maturity
‫ نضيج‬naḍīj ripe, mature; well-cooked,
well done (food)
‫ ناضح‬nāḍij ripe, mature; well-cooked,
well done (food)
‫ نضح‬naḍaḥa i (naḍḥ) to wet, moisten, sprinkle,
spray, splash (‫ ب ه‬s.th. with); to water (‫ھـ‬
plants); to slake, quench (‫ ھـ‬thirst); to
defend, protect (‫ عن‬s.th.); to justify,
vindicate (‫ عن‬s.th.), answer (‫ عن‬for); -- a
(naḍḥ) to exude or ooze a fluid (‫ ;)ب‬to
sweat, perspire; to leak; to flow over (‫ب‬
with); to shed, spill (‫ ھـ‬s.th.); to effuse (‫ھـ‬
s.th.)
O ‫ نضاحة‬naḍḍāḥa sprinkler
‫ منضح‬minḍaḥa shower, douche
‫ منضحة‬minḍaḥa pl. ‫ مناضح‬manāḍiḥ2
watering can; shower, douche
‫ نضد‬naḍada i (naḍd) to pile up, stack,
tier, arrange in layers (‫ ھـ‬s.th.); to put in
order, array, arrange (‫ ھـ‬s.th.) II do.; to
compose, set (‫ ھـ‬s.th.; typ.)
‫ نضد‬naḍad pl. ‫ انضاد‬anḍād, bedstead;
pile, stack, rows, tiers (e.g., of sacks)
‫ نضد‬nuḍud tables
‫ نضيد‬naḍīd arranged one above the
other, tiered, in rows, in layers; orderly,
tidy, regular
‫ نضيدة‬naḍīda pl. ‫ نضائد‬naḍā’id2 cushion,
pillow, mattress
 ‫ منضدة‬minḍada pl. -āt, ‫ مناضد‬manāḍid2
table; worktable, desk; bedstead;
framework, rack, stand
‫ نضناض‬naḍnāḍ hissing viciously, flicking its
‫ تنضيد‬tanḍīd typesetting, composition
(typ.)
‫ )نضا )نضو‬naḍā u (naḍw) to take off (‫ ھـ‬a
‫ منضد‬munaḍḍid pl. -ūn typesetter,
compositor (typ.)
‫ منضح‬munaḍḍad forming a regular
string, regularly set (esp., of teeth)
‫ نضر‬naḍara u, naḍira a and naḍura u (‫نضرة‬
naḍra, ‫ نضور‬nuḍūr, ‫ نضارة‬naḍara) to be
flourishing, blooming, verdant, fresh,
beautiful; to be bright, brilliant, luminous,
radiant II to make (‫ ھـ‬s.th.) shine; to make
(‫ ھـ‬s.th.) bloom V to be verdant, blooming,
in blossom
‫ نضر‬naḍir flourishing, blooming,
verdant, fresh, radiant, glowing
‫ نضرة‬naḍra bloom, dower, freshness;
glamour, splendor; beauty; health, vigor;
opulence, wealth
‫ نضار‬nuḍār (pure) gold
‫ نضارة‬naḍāra bloom, dower, freshness;
youthfulness; gracefulness, grace; health,
vigor 972
‫ نضير‬naḍīr flourishing, blooming,
verdant, fresh, radiant, glowing; gold
‫ ناضر‬nāḍir flourishing, blooming,
verdant, fresh, radiant, glowing, beautiful
‫ نضف‬naḍaf wild marjoram
‫ نضف‬naḍif dirty, unclean
‫ نضيف‬naḍīf dirty, unclean
‫ نضل‬naḍala u (naḍl) to surpass, beat, defeat (‫ه‬
s.o.) III to try to surpass (‫ ه‬s.o.), vie,
compete, contend, dispute (‫ه‬with s.o.); to
defend (‫عن‬.o.)s stand up for s.o. (‫ )عن‬VI to
vie with one another
‫ نضال‬niḍāl struggle, strife, dispute,
controversy, fight, battle; contest,
competition: defense, defensive battle
‫ نضالي‬niḍālī combative, pugnacious
‫ مناضلة‬munāḍala struggle, strife,
dispute, controversy, fight, battle; contest,
competition; defense, defensive battle
‫ مناضل‬munāḍil fighters combatant,
defender
tongue menacingly (snake)
garment, one’s clothes); to undress (‫عن‬
s.o.), ‫ نضا عن نفسه‬to get undressed; (naḍw,
nuḍūw) to dwindles wane, decline; to fade
(esp., color) II to take off (‫ ھـ‬a garment),
strip (‫ عن‬s.o.) of a garment (‫ )ھـ‬IV to
exhaust, jades make lean (‫ ھـ‬a riding
animal); to wear out, wear thin (‫ ه‬s.th.)
VIII to unsheathe (s a sword)
‫ نضو‬naḍw pl. ‫ انضاء‬anḍā’ a worn,
tattered garment
‫ نضو‬niḍw pl. ‫ انضاء‬anḍā’ lean
‫ نط‬naṭṭa u (naṭṭ) to spring, jumps leap; to skip,
hop
‫ نط‬naṭṭ jumping, jump │ ‫ نط الحبل‬n. al-
ḥabl skipping the rope (children’s game);
‫ نط طولي‬ṭūlī) broad jump
‫ نطة‬naṭṭa (n. vic.) jump, leap
‫ نطاط‬naṭṭāṭ jumper; a variety of
grasshopper; restless, ftighty, lightheaded
‫ نطح‬naṭaḥa a (naṭḥ) to push, thrust
(with the head or horns), butt III to bump (
‫ ھـ‬on or against s.th.), ram (‫ ھـ‬s.th.); to
touch (‫ ه‬s.th.) VI and VIII to thrust or butt
one another; to struggle (with one another)
‫ نطح‬naṭḥ push(ing), thrust(ing), butting;
el Nath, a star in the horn of Aries, α
Arietis (astron)
‫ نطحة‬naṭḥa (n. vic.) push, thrust, butt
‫ نطاح‬naṭṭāḥ given to butting, a butter
‫ نطيح‬naṭīḥ butted
‫ مناطحة‬munāṭaḥa bullfight
‫ ناطح‬nāṭiḥ: ‫ ناطحة السحاب‬n. as-saḥāb pl.
‫ نواطح السحاب‬nawāṭiḥ as-s. skyscraper
‫ نطر‬naṭara u (naṭr, ‫ نطارة‬niṭāra) to
watch, guard (‫ ھـ‬s.th.)
‫ نطر‬naṭr watch, guard, protection
‫ نطارة‬niṭāra watch, guard, protection
‫ نطار‬nuṭṭār scarecrow
‫ ناطر‬nāṭir pl. ‫ نطار‬nuṭṭār, ‫ نطراء‬nuṭarā’2,
‫ نطرة‬naṭara, ‫ نواطر‬nawāṭir2 guard, keeper,
 warden (esp., of plantations and
vineyards), rural warden; lookout in a
ship’s crow’s-nest
‫ ناطور‬nāṭūr pl. ‫ نواطير‬nawāṭīr2 guard,
keeper, warden (esp., of plantations and
vineyards), rural warden; lookout in a
ship’s crow’s-nest
‫ ناطورة‬nāṭūra (syr.) (woman) chaperon
‫ نطرون‬naṭrūn natron, esp., the native product
of Egypt which is extracted from the salt
lakes of Wādī Naṭrūn northwest of Cairo
‫ نطس‬V to examine thoroughly, investigate
carefully, scrutinize (‫ عن‬s.th.); to possess
or employ much skill, be proficient (‫ ب‬in
s.th.) 973
‫ نطس‬naṭs, naṭus well-informed,
knowledgeable, experienced, seasoned,
skilled
‫ نطاسي‬naṭāsī, niṭāsī well-informed,
knowledgeable, experienced, seasoned,
skilled; (pl. ‫ نطس‬nuṭus) a skilled,
experienced physician
‫ نطع‬pass. nuṭi’a to change colors, turn pale V
to be pigheaded, obstinate
‫ نطع‬naṭ’, niṭ’ pl. ‫ انطاع‬anṭā’, ‫ نطوع‬nuṭū’
leather mat used as a tablecloth and
gaming boards in former times also during
executions
‫ نطع‬niṭ’, niṭa’ pl. ‫ نطوع‬nuṭū’ hard palate
‫ الحروف الناطعة‬al-ḥurūf an-nāṭi’a the
sounds ‫ د‬،‫ ت‬and ‫( ط‬phon.)
‫ نطف‬naṭafa u i (naṭf, ‫ تنطاف‬tanṭāf, ‫نطفان‬
naṭafān, ‫ نطافة‬niṭāfa) to dribble, trickle
‫ نطفة‬nuṭfa pl. ‫ نطف‬nuṭaf drop; sperm
‫ نطق‬naṭaqa u (nuṭq, ‫ نطوق‬nuṭūq, ‫ منطق‬manṭiq)
to articulate; to talk, speak, utter (‫ ب‬s.th.);
to pronounce (‫ ب‬s.th.) │ ‫( نطق بكلمة‬bi-
kalima) to lay a word II to make (‫ ه‬s.o.)
speak or pronounce; to gird, girdle (‫ ه‬s.o.)
IV to make (‫ ھـ‬s.o.) speak or talk V to gird
o.s.; to be surrounded X to question (‫ھـ‬
s.o.); to interrogate, examine, cross-
examine (‫ ھـ‬s.o.)
‫ نطق‬nuṭq articulated speech;
pronunciation; word, saying, utterance;
order, ordinances decree │ ‫صدر النطق‬
‫ السامي ب‬it was decreed by order of His
Majesty that ...; ‫( نطق بالحكم‬ḥukm)
pronouncement of sentence; ‫فاقد النطق‬
dumfounded, speechless
‫ نطقي‬nuṭqī phonetic(al)
‫نطا‬r niṭāq pl. ‫ نطق‬nuṭuq girths girdle,
belt; O garrison belt; circle, ring,
enclosure; limit, boundary; range, extent,
scope, compass, sphere, domain, purview;
cordon │ ‫ نطاق الجوزاء‬n. al-jauzā’ Orion’s
Belt (astron.); ‫ نطاق الحصار‬blockade ring;
‫ واسع النطاق‬comprehensive; extensive, far-
reaching; large-scale
‫ منطق‬manṭiq (faculty of) speech;
manner of speaking, diction, enunciation;
eloquence; logic │ ‫ ليس من المنطق ان‬it is
illogical to …; ‫‘ علم المنطق‬ilm al-m. logic
‫ منطقي‬manṭiqī logical; dialectic(al); --
(pl. ‫ مناطقة‬manāṭiqa) logician; dialectician
‫ منطق‬minṭaq pl. ‫ مناطق‬manāṭiq2 belt,
girdle
‫ منطقة‬minṭaqa pl. ‫ مناطق‬manāṭiq 2 belt,
girdle; zone; vicinity, range, sphere,
district, area, territory; O (mil.) sector │ O
‫ منطقة االحتالل‬occupied territory; ‫المنطقة الحارة‬
(ḥārra) the Torrid Zones the tropics; O
‫ منطقة البترول‬oil area, oil fields; ‫منطقة البروج‬
the zodiac (astron.); ‫ منطقة الجوزاء‬m. al-
jauzā’ Orion’s Belt (astron.); O ‫منطقة حرام‬
(ḥarām) or ‫ منطقة ممنوعة‬prohibited area;
‫ منطقة الحرب‬m. al-ḥarb war zone; O ‫منطقة‬
‫( حرة‬ḥurra) free zone; O ‫منطقة صماء‬
(ṣammā’) dead zone (of radio waves);
‫( منطقة صناعية‬ṣinā’īya) industrial area; O
‫ منطقة الضرب‬m. aḍ-ḍarb field of fire; O
‫( منطقة كروية‬kurawīya) spherical zone;
‫( المنطقتان المعتدلتان‬mu’tadilatān) the two
Temperate Zones; O ‫منطقة مجردة من‬
‫( التجھيزات الحربية‬mujarrada, ḥarbīya)
demilitarized zone; ‫ منطقة النفوذ‬sphere of
influence
‫ منطقي‬minṭaqī zonal
‫ منطيق‬minṭīq very eloquent
‫ استنطاق‬istinṭāq examination,
interrogation, hearing; questioning
‫ ناطق‬nāṭiq talking, speaking; endowed
with the faculty of speech; eloquent; plain,
distinct, clear; endowed with reason,
reasonable, rational (being); speaker (also,
e.g., in parliament); spokesman │ ‫الناطقون‬
 ‫ بالضاد‬the Arabic-speaking portion of
mankind (lit.: those who pronounce the
ḍād) ‫( حيوان ناطق‬ḥayawān 974 nāṭiq)
rational being; ‫ دليل ناطق‬conclusive
evidence; ‫ شريط ناطق‬sound film; ‫جريدة ناطقة‬
newsreel
‫ منطوق‬manṭūq pronounced, uttered,
expressed; wording; text; statement;
formulation │ ‫ بالمنطوق‬according to the
text; expressly, explicitly, unequivocally;
‫ منطوق الحكم‬m. al-ḥukm dispositive portion
of the judgment (jur.); ‫ منطوق العقد‬m.
al-’aqd the exact terms of the contract;
‫ منطوق القانون‬text of the law, legal text;
‫ منطوق الكلمة‬m. al-kalima literal meaning of
a word
‫ مستنطق‬mustanṭiq examining magistrate
‫ نطل‬naṭala u (naṭl) to squeeze out; to apply
warm compresses (‫ ھـ‬to), foment, bathe
with warm water or medicated liquid (‫ھـ‬
s.th.)
‫ نطول‬naṭūl warm compress;
fomentation, lavation or hath in a
medicated liquid
‫ نطنط‬naṭnaṭa to hop up and down, skip
‫ نظر‬naẓara u (naẓar, ‫ منظر‬manẓar) to perceive
with the eyes, see, view, eye, regard (‫ ه‬،‫ھـ‬
or ‫ الى‬s.o., s.th.), look, gaze, glance (‫ ه‬،‫ ھـ‬or
‫ الى‬at), watch, observe, notice (‫ ه‬،‫ ھـ‬or ‫الى‬
s.o., s.th.), pay attention (‫ ه‬،‫ ھـ‬or ‫ الى‬to); to
expect (‫ ھـ‬s.th.); to envisages consider,
contemplates purpose (‫ ھـ‬or ‫ في‬s.th.); to
have in mind, have in view (‫ الى‬s.th.), put
one’s mind, direct one’s attention (‫ الى‬to
s.th.); to take up, try, hear (‫ في‬a case;
court), look into a case (‫)في‬, examine (‫ ھـ‬or
‫ في‬a case); to judge, rule, decide (‫بين‬
between two litigant parties); to take care
(‫ ل‬of s.o.), help (‫ ل‬s.o.), stand by s.o. (‫)ل‬,
look after s.o. (‫( ل( │ نظر اليه شزرا‬šazran)
to give s.o. a sidelong glances look
askance at s.o.; ‫)نظر القضية )في القضية‬
(qaḍīya) to try a case (jurs); ‫نظر في طلب‬
‫( فالن‬ṭalabī f.) to process s.o.’s application,
take care of s.o.’s application; ‫نظر من فرجة‬
‫( )المفتاح )فوھة المفتاح‬furjat l-miftāḥ, fūhati l-
m.) to peep through the keyhole; ‫انظر بعده‬
unẓur ba’dahū see below! ‫انظر ظھره‬
(ẓahrahū) see reverse! please turn over! II
to make comparisons, draw parallels (‫بين‬
between) III to equal (‫ ه‬،‫ ھـ‬s.o., s.th.), be
equal (‫ ه‬،‫ ھـ‬to s.o., to s.th.); to equalize, put
on an equal footing (‫ ه‬،‫ ب ھـ‬s.o., s.th.
with), equate, liken, compare (‫ ه‬،‫ ب ھـ‬s.o.,
s.th. to); to vie, compete, be in
competition (s with s.o.), rival (‫ ه‬s.o.); to
argue, debate, dispute (‫ ه‬with s.o.), point
out (‫ ب ه‬to s.o. s.th.) by way of argument
or objection, confront (‫ ب ه‬s.o. with); to
superintend, supervise (‫ ھـ‬s.th.) IV to grant
(‫ ه‬s.o.) a delay or respite V to regard,
watch or observe attentively (‫ ه‬،‫ ھـ‬s.o.,
s.th.), look closely (‫ ه‬،‫ ھـ‬at s.o., at s.th.),
scrutinize (‫ ه‬،‫ ھـ‬s.o., s.th.); to bide one’s
time, wait VI to face each other, lie
opposite; to he symmetrical (math.); to
dispute, argue (with one another); to
quarrel (‫ على‬about), fight (‫ على‬over s.th.);
to contend (with each other) (‫ على‬for s.th.),
contest each other’s right (‫ على‬to s.th.)
VIII to wait (‫ ه‬for s.o.), expect (‫ ه‬،‫ ھـ‬s.o.,
s.th.), await, anticipate (‫ ھـ‬s.th.); to look
closely (‫ ه‬at s.o.); to look on expectantly,
bide one’s time,
wait │ ‫ انتظر الشيء الكبير من‬to expect
much of …; ‫( انتظر من ورائه كل خير‬wara’ihi
kulla kairin) to set the greatest
expectations in s.th. X to wait, await,
expect; to have patience, be patient; to
request a delay or respite; to ask (‫ ه‬s.o.) to
wait, keep (‫ ه‬s.o.) waiting
‫ نظر‬naẓar pl. ‫ انظار‬anẓār seeing,
eyesight, vision; look, glance, gaze; sight;
outlook, prospect; view; aspect;
appearance, evidence; insight,
discernment, penetration; perception;
contemplation; examination (‫ في‬of);
inspection, study, perusal; consideration,
reflection; philosophical speculation;
theory; handling (‫ في‬of a 975 matter); trial,
hearing (‫ في‬of a case in court);
supervision, control, surveillance;
competence, jurisdiction; attention, heed,
regard, notice, observance, respect,
consideration, care │ (‫ ل‬or) ‫ نظر‬in view
of, with a view to, in regard to, with
respect to, in consideration of, on the basis
of, due to, because of, for; ‫ بالنظر ل‬do.;
‫( بصرف النظر عن‬bi-ṣarfi n-n.) or ‫بقطع النظر‬
‫( عن‬bi-qaṭ‘i n-n.) regardless of,
irrespective of; ‫ تحت النظر‬under
considerations being studied, being dealt
with; ‫ دون النظر الى‬irrespective of,
regardless of; ‫ في نظري‬in my eyes, in my
opinion; ‫ للنظر فى‬for the study of, for
consideration, for further examination of,
for handling …, for action on …; O ‫النظر‬
‫( الى الحياة‬ḥayāh) weltanschauung; ‫اعادة النظر‬
i‘ādat an-n. re-examination,
reconsideration, resumption, retrial,
revision; ‫ اھل النظر‬ahl an-n. speculative
thinkers; theoreticians, theorists; ‫بعيد النظر‬
or ‫ طويل النظر‬farsighted; ‫ قصر النظر‬qiṣar
an-n. shortsightedness; ‫قصير النظر‬
shortsighted; ‫( المحكمة ذات النظر‬maḥkama)
the court of competent jurisdiction; ‫مسألة‬
‫( فيھا نظر‬mas’ala) an unsettled, open
question, an unsolved problem; ‫من له نظر‬
(man) s.o. noteworthy, a distinguished
man; the responsibles or authorized,
person; ‫ اخذ بالنظر‬to catch the eye; ‫ادار نظره‬
‫( في‬adāra) to let one’s eyes roam over …;
‫ تابع )راجع( بالنظر ل‬falling to the
responsibility of, under the jurisdiction of,
subject to the authority of; ‫ سارق النظر اليه‬or
‫ سارقه النظر‬or ‫( استرق النظر اليه‬naẓara) to
glance furtively at s.o., give s.o. a
surreptitious look; ‫ في ھذا األمر نظر‬this
matter calls for careful study, will have to
be considered; ‫ قطع النظر عن‬to take no
account of, disregard s.th.; ‫ھو تحت نظر فالن‬
he is under the protection of so-and-so, he
is patronized by so-and-so
‫ نظر‬similar, like; equal │ ‫عديم النظر‬
unparalleled, unequaled, matchless,
unique of his (its) kind
‫ نظرة‬naẓra pl. naẓarāt looks glance;
sights view; viewings contemplation (‫الى‬
of s.th.); pl. ‫( نظرات‬philosophical)
reflections
‫ نظرة‬naẓira delay, postponements
deferment (of an obligation)
‫ نظري‬naẓarī optic(al); visual;
theoretic(al); speculative
‫ نظرية‬naẓarīya theory; theorem;
reflection, meditation, contemplation
‫ نظير‬naẓīr pl. ‫ نظراء‬nuẓarā’2, f. pl. ‫نظائر‬
naẓā’r2 similar, like, same, equal,
matching, corresponding, comparable; an
equivalent; facings opposites parallel;
(with foll. genit.) in the manner of. in the
same manner as, just like, just as;
transcript, copy │ ‫ نظير‬naẓīra (prep.) as a
compensation for, in consideration of, in
return for, in exchange for, for, on, e.g.,
‫( نظير دفع خمسين مليما‬daf‘ k. malīman) on
paying 50 millièmes; ‫ نظراؤه‬people of his
kinds people like him; ‫ نظير السمت‬n. as-
samt or ‫ النظير‬nadir (astr.); (‫مقطوع )منقطع‬
‫ النظير‬incomparable; ‫ليس له نظير‬
unparalleled, unequaled, matchless,
unique of his (its) kind
‫ نظيرة‬naẓīra head, foremost rank │ ‫في‬
‫( نظيرة‬with foils genit.) at the head of
‫ نظار‬naẓẓār keen-eyed; (pl. ‫نظارة‬
naẓẓāra) spectator, onlooker
‫ نظارة‬naẓẓāra pl. -āt field glass,
binocular; telescope, spyglass; (pair of)
eyeglasses, spectacles (occasionally also
pl. ‫ نظارات‬with singular meaning: a pair of
eyeglasses); (pair of) goggles │ ‫نظارة فردية‬
(fardīya) or ‫ نظارة واحدة‬eyeglass, monocle;
O ‫( نظارة معظمة‬mu’aẓẓima) magnifying
glass; ‫ نظارة الميدان‬n. al-maidān field glass
‫ نظاراتي‬naẓẓārātī optometrist; optician
‫ نظارة‬niẓāra supervision, control,
inspection, management, administration,
direction; ministry (now obsolete) 976
‫ ناظور‬nāẓūr field glass
‫ منظر‬manẓar pl. ‫ مناظر‬manāẓir2 sight;
view, panorama; look(s), appearance,
aspect; prospect, outlook, perspective; an
object soon or viewed, photographic
object; scene (of a play); spectacle; stage
setting, set, scenery; place commanding a
sweeping view; lookout, watchtower │
‫‘( منظر عام‬āmm) general view, panorama,
landscape, scenery; O ‫مناظر خارجية‬
(kārijīya) shots on location (in motion-
picture making); ‫( مناظر طبيعية‬ṭabī‘īya)
scenic views, scenery, landscapes
‫ منظرة‬manẓara pl. ‫ مناظر‬manāẓir2 place
commanding a scenic view; view,
scenery, landscape, panorama;
watchtower, observatory; guestroom,
reception room, drawing room, parlor
O ‫ منظر‬minẓar (pair of) eyeglasses,
spectacles; telescope, spyglass
‫ منظار‬minẓār pl. ‫ مناظير‬manāẓīr2
telescope, spyglass; magnifying glass;
mirror, speculum, -scope (e.g.,
laryngoscope) │ ‫( منظار معظم‬mu‘aẓẓim)
magnifying glass; ‫( رقب بمنظار اسود‬aswada)
 to have a pessimistic outlook, look on the
dark side of everything
‫ ظرةمنا‬munāẓara emulation, rivalry,
competition; quarrel, argument.
altercation, debate, dispute, discussion,
controversy; supervision, control,
inspection
‫ تناظر‬tanāẓur difference of opinion,
squabble, wrangle, altercation; symmetry
(math.)
‫ انتظار‬intiẓār waiting, wait; expectation
│ ‫ على غير انتظار‬unexpectedly
‫ ناظر‬nāẓir pl. ‫ نظار‬nuẓẓār observer,
viewer, spectator, onlooker; overseer,
supervisor; inspector; manager, director,
superintendent, administrator, principal,
chief, (cabinet) minister (now obsolete) │
‫ ناظر الوقف‬n. al-waqf trustee of a wakf,
administrator of a religious endowment
‫ ناظرة‬nāẓira administratress, directress,
manageress, headmistress, matron
‫ ناظرة‬nāẓir and ‫ ناظرة‬nāẓira pl. ‫نواظر‬
nawāẓir2 eye; look. glance │ ‫بين ناظريه‬
(nāẓiraihi) before his eyes
‫ منظور‬manẓūr seen; visible; foreseen,
anticipated, expected; supervised, under
supervision, controlled; envied, regarded
with the evil eye; under consideration
(case), pending (complaint, lawsuit; ‫ امام‬in
a court) │ ‫ منظور اليه‬one under supervision,
subordinate, underling, protégé, charge,
ward, pupil; ‫ غير منظور‬invisible;
unforeseen, unexpected; ‫ادوات منظورة‬
(adawāt) visual training aids; ‫دعوى منظورة‬
(da‘wā) pending lawsuit; ‫الشخص المنظور في‬
‫( أمره‬šakṣ) person whose case is under
consideration
‫ مناظر‬munāẓir similar, like, equal;
competitor, rival, adversary, opponent
(esp., in a discussion); interlocutor
‫ نظف‬naẓufa u (‫ نظف‬naẓufa) to be clean,
cleanly, neat, tidy II to clean, cleanse,
polish (‫ ھـ‬s.th.) V to clean o.s., become
clean
‫ نظافة‬naẓāfa cleanness, cleanliness,
neatness, tidiness
2
‫ نظيف‬naẓīf pl. ‫ نظفاء‬nuẓafā’ , ‫ نظاف‬niẓāf
clean, neat, tidy; well-groomed, well-
tended
‫ انظف‬anẓaf2 cleaner, neater
‫ تنظيف‬tanẓīf pl. -āt cleaning, cleansing
│ ‫ تنظيف األظفار‬manicure
‫ نظلي‬naẓlī (eg.) delicate, feminine
‫ نظم‬naẓama i (naẓm, ‫ نظام‬niẓām) and II to string
(‫ ھـ‬pearls); to put in order, to order (‫ھـ‬
s.th.); to array, arrange, classify, file (‫ھـ‬
s.th.); to adjust (‫ ھـ‬s.th.); to set, regulate (‫ھـ‬
s.th.); to tune (‫ ھـ‬an instrument); to layout,
get ready, prepare (‫ ھـ‬s.th.); to set right,
rectify, correct (‫ ھـ‬s.th.); to put together,
group, make up, 977 assemble (‫ ھـ‬s.th.); to
organize (‫ ھـ‬s.th.); to stage (‫ ھـ‬s.th.); to
compose (one’s words) metrically,
poetize, versify, write poetry V and VI to
be strung; to be ordered, be in good order,
be well-arranged, be well-organized VIII
do.; to be classified; to affiliate (‫ في‬with);
to enter, join (‫ في‬an organization, a
corporation); to permeate, pervade (‫ ه‬s.o.,
‫ ھـ‬s.th.); to come over s.o. (‫)ه‬, seize, befall,
overcome (‫ ه‬s.o., ‫ ھـ‬s.o.’s limbs, s.o.’s
body; of a sentiment, tremor, shudder,
etc.)
‫ نظم‬naẓm order; arrangement; system;
institution, organization; string of pearls;
verse, poetry
‫ نظام‬niẓām pl. -āt, ‫ نظم‬nuẓum, ‫انظمة‬
anẓima proper arrangement, regularity;
conformity, congruity; methodical,
organic structure; organization; order;
method; system; rule, statute, law; system
of regulations │ ‫ على ھذا النظام‬along this
line, in this manner; ‫ نظام األجانب‬alien
status; alien act; ‫نظام األحوال الشخصية‬
(šakṣīya) personal statute (jur.); ‫نظام اساسي‬
(asāsī) (basic) constitutional law, statutes,
constitution; ‫( نظام اقتصادي‬iqtiṣādī)
economic system; ‫ نظام البادية‬al-bādiya
agricultural system; ‫ نظام البوليس واإلدارة‬n.
al-būlīs wa-l-idāra police and
administrative system; ‫ نظام جوازات السفر‬n.
jawāzāt as-safar passport system; ‫نظام الحياة‬
n. al-ḥayāt (way of) life; ‫النظام الرأسمالي‬
(ra’smālī) the capitalistic economic
system; ‫‘( النظام العام‬āmm) public order; ‫نظام‬
‫ المرور‬traffic laws
‫ نظامي‬niẓāmī orderly, regular, normal;
methodical, systematic; regular (army)
 ‫ تنظيم‬tanẓīm arrangement; readjustment,
reorganization, reform; control,
regulation, adjustment; organization;
tactics; road construction (Eg.) │ ‫تنظيم‬
‫ المرور‬traffic control; ‫ اعادة التنظيم‬i‘ādat t-t.
reorganization
‫ انتظام‬intiẓām order, regularity;
methodicalness, systematic arrangement │
‫ بانتظام‬regularly, accurately; ‫في انتظام‬
regular, fixed, ordered, methodical,
systematic, orderly, normal
‫ ناظم‬nāẓim arranger; organizer, adjuster;
regulator; versifier, poet; (pl. ‫نواظم‬
nawāẓim2) weir, barrage (Ir.)
‫ منظوم‬manẓūm ordered, orderly, tidy;
metrical, poetical; poem; pl. -āt poetries,
poetical works
‫ منظومة‬manẓūma treatise in verse,
didactic poem; row, rank
‫ منظم‬munaẓẓim arranger, organizer;
promoter, sponsor
‫ منظم‬munaẓẓam arranged, ordered, kept
in order, orderly, tidy; neat, welltended,
well-kept; systematically arranged,
systematized; regular │ ‫( جيش منظم‬jaiš)
regular army; ‫ غير منظم‬irregular
‫ منظم‬munaẓẓama pl. -āt organization │
‫( منظمة التغذية والزراعة‬m. at-tagdīya) Food
and Agriculture organization, F. A.O.
‫ منتظم‬muntaẓim regular; even, uniform,
steady, orderly; methodical; systematic │
O ‫( موجات منتظمة‬maujāt) uniform waves
(radio)
‫ نعب‬na‘aba a i (na‘b, ‫ نعيب‬na‘īb) to croak, caw
(raven); -- a (na‘b) to speed along
‫ نعاب‬nu‘āb croak(ing), caw (of a raven)
‫ نعاب‬na‘‘āb croaking, cawing; ominous,
ill-boding
‫ نعت‬na’ata a (na’t) to describe, characterize (
‫ ه‬،‫ ھـ‬s.o. s.th.), qualify (‫ ھـ‬s.th.)
‫ نعت‬naft description, qualification,
characterization; -- (pl. ‫ نعوت‬nu’ūt)
quality, property, attribute, characteristic;
descriptive, qualifying word, qualifier;
attribute (gram.); epithet 978
‫ نعتي‬na‘tī descriptive, qualifying,
qualificative
‫ منعوت‬man‘ūt substantive accompanied
by as attribute
‫ نعجة‬na‘ja pl. na‘ajāt, ‫ نعاج‬ni‘āj female sheep,
ewe
‫ نعر‬na‘ara a i (‫ نعير‬na‘īr, ‫ نعار‬ni‘ār) to grunt; to
cry, scream, roar, bellow; to spurt, gush
forth (blood from a wound)
‫ نعرة‬na‘ra Daile, din, clamor, roar
‫ نعرة‬nu‘ara pl. -āt, ‫ نعر‬nu‘ar horsefly,
gadfly
‫ نعرة‬na‘ara, nu‘ara pl. -āt haughtiness,
arrogance, pride │ ‫( نعرة اقليمية‬iqlīmīya)
jingoism, chauvinism
‫ نعار‬na‘‘ār noisy, uproarious,
vociferous, clamoring, shouting; agitator,
rabble rouser
‫ نعير‬na‘īr noise, din, clamor, shouting;
bellowing, mooing, lowing (esp., of cattle)
‫ نعارة‬na‘āra, na‘‘āra earthen jug
(sometimes with two handles), pot
‫ ناعور‬nā‘ūr O hemophilia
‫ ناعورة‬nā‘ūra pl. ‫ نواعر‬nawā‘ir2 noria,
Persian wheel
‫ نعس‬na‘asa a u (na‘s) to be sleepy, drowsy; to
take a nap, to doze, slumber; to be dull,
listless, slack, stagnant (market, trade) II
and IV to make sleepy, put to sleep (‫ ه‬s.o.)
VI to pretend to be sleepy or asleep; to
doze, be sleepy, feel drowsy
‫ نعسة‬na‘sa doze, nap, slumber
‫ نعاس‬nu‘ās sleepiness, drowsiness;
lethargy
‫ نعسان‬na‘sān2 sleepy, drowsy
‫ ناعس‬nā‘is pl. ‫ نعس‬nu‘s sleepy, drowsy;
dozing, slumbering
‫ نعش‬na‘aša a (na‘š), II and IV to raise, lift up;
to revive, reanimate; to refresh, invigorate,
animate, arouse, stimulate, enliven,
inspirit (‫ ه‬s.o.) VIII to rise from a fall; to
recover, recuperate from illness; to be
animated, be refreshed, be stimulated, be
invigorated, be strengthened, revive, come
to new life
‫ نعش‬n‘š bier │ ‫ بنات نعش الصغرى‬banāt n.
a-ṣugrā Ursa Minor (astron.); ‫بنات نعش‬
‫ الكبرى‬b. n. al-kubrā Ursa Major (astron.)
 ‫ نعشة‬na‘ša: ‫ نعشة الموت‬n. al-maut
euphoria; swan song, death song
‫ انعاش‬in‘āš animation, reanimation,
resuscitation, restoration to life;
refreshment; reconstruction, restoration │
O ‫( انعاش اقتصادي‬iqtiṣādī) economic boost
‫ انتعاش‬inti‘āš resurgence, revival;
animation, invigoration, stimulation,
refreshment, recreation
‫ منعش‬mun‘iš animating, refreshing,
invigorating, restorative
‫ نعظ‬na‘aẓa a (na‘ẓ, na‘aẓ, ‫ نعوظ‬nu‘ūẓ) to be
erect (penis) IV to be sexually excited
‫ ناعوظ‬nā‘ūẓ exciting sexual desire,
sexually stimulating, aphrodisiac
‫ نعق‬na‘aq a i (na‘q, ‫ نعيق‬na‘īq) to croak, caw
(raven); to bleat (sheep); to cry, scream,
screech
‫ ناعق‬nā‘iq: ‫ كل ناعق وناعر‬that is alive and
astir, everybody and his brother, every
Tom, Dick and Harry
‫ نعل‬na‘ala a (na‘l), II and IV to furnish with
shoes (‫ ه‬s.o.), shoe (‫ ه‬s.o., ‫ ھـ‬a horse); --
na‘ila a (na‘al) to be shod V = na‘ila VIII
to wear sandals; to wear shoes, be shod
‫ نعل‬na‘l pl. ‫ نعال‬ni‘āl, ‫ انعل‬an‘ul sandal;
shoe; horseshoe
‫ ناعل‬nā‘il shod; soled 979
‫ نعم‬na‘ama u a and na‘ima a (‫ نعمة‬na‘ma, ‫منعم‬
man‘am) to live in comfort, and luxury,
lead a life of ease, lead a comfortable and
carefree life; to be delighted (‫ ب‬by), be
happy, be glad (‫ ب‬about, at), be pleased (
‫ ب‬with), delight, take pleasure (‫ ب‬in); to
enjoy, savor, taste, experience (‫ ب‬s.th.) │
‫( نعم باال ب‬na‘ima bālan) to feel serene and
confident about ...; -- na‘ima a (na‘am) to
be green and tender (twig); to be or
become fine, powdery; -- na‘uma u (‫نعومة‬
nu‘ūma) to be soft, tender, smooth II to
smooth, soften (‫ ھـ‬s.th.); to pulverize,
powder (‫ ھـ‬s.th.); to accustom to luxury (‫ه‬
s.o.); to pamper, coddle, effeminate,
provide with a life of ease (‫ ه‬s.o.) IV to
make good, nice, comfortable, pleasant (‫ھـ‬
or ‫ ب‬s.th.); to give (‫ ب على‬s.o. s.th.),
bestow, confer (‫ ب على‬upon s.o. s.th.); to
bestow favors (‫ على‬upon s.o.), be
graciously disposed (‫ على‬toward s.o.); to
apply o.s., devote o.s. (‫ في‬to s.th.), take
great pains (‫ في‬with s.th.) │ ‫انعم ﷲ صباحك‬
(ṣabāḥaka) good morning! ‫انعم النظر في‬
(naẓara) to look closely at, scrutinize s.th.,
regard s.th. attentively, pore over s.th.,
become engrossed in, ponder s.th. V to
live in luxury, lead a life of ease and
comfort; to enjoy (‫ ب‬s.th.)
‫ نعم‬ni‘ma with foll. indeclinable noun
with article and nominative ending: what a
perfect ..., wonderful ...! truly, an
excellent ... │ ‫ نعم الرجل زيد‬n. r-rajulu
zaidun what an excellent man Zaid is! ‫نعم‬
‫ الشباب شبابھم‬n. š-šabābu šabābuhum what a
wonderful youth they have! ‫انه نعم الخليل‬
innahū n. al-kalīlu he is a wonderful
friend indeed! ‫ فبھا ونعمت‬fa-bihā wa-ni‘mat
in that case it’s all right; ‫نعم ما فعلت‬
(fa‘alta) well done!
‫ نعم‬na‘am yes! yes indeed! certainly!
surely! (introducing a verbal clause:) to be
sure ... ; na’am’ (colloq.) I beg your
pardon? what did you say?
‫ نعم‬na‘am pl. ‫ انعام‬an‘ām grazing
livestock (sheep, camels, cattle, goats)
‫ نعمة‬na’ma life of ease, good living;
amenity, comfort; prosperity; happiness;
enjoyment, pleasure, delight
‫ نعمة‬ni‘ma pl. ‫ نعم‬ni‘am, ‫ انعم‬an‘um, ‫نعما‬
‫ ت‬ni‘māt, ni‘imāt benefit, blessing, boon,
benefaction, favor, grace, kindness │ ‫بنعمة‬
‫ ﷲ‬by the grace of God; ‫ واسع النعمة‬very
well off, wealthy, rich; ‫ النعم الثالثة‬the Three
Graces; ‫ )ولي نعمته )نعمه‬walīy ni‘matihī
(ni‘amihī) his benefactor
‫ نعمى‬nu‘mā happiness
‫ نعماء‬na‘mā’ favor, good will, grace │
‫( في النعماء والبأساء‬wa-l-ba’sā’) in good and
bad days
‫ نعمان‬nu‘mān blood │‫شقائق النعمان‬
anemone (bot.)
‫ نعام‬na‘ām (coll.; n. un. ‫ )ة‬pl. ‫نعائم‬
na‘ā’im2 ostrich (zool.)
‫ نعيم‬na‘īm amenity, comfort, ease,
happiness, felicity; gentle, tranquil,
peaceful │ ‫ نعيم ﷲ‬the grace of God, the
blessings of God
‫ النعائم‬an-na‘ā’im name of several stars
in Sagitta (astron.)
 ‫ نعومة‬nu‘ūma softness, smoothness,
tenderness, delicacy, fineness, finely
ground state, powdery consistency │ ‫من‬
‫ )منذ( نعومة اظفاره‬from his earliest youth,
since his tender age
‫ انعم‬an‘am2 sorter
‫ منعام‬min‘ām munificent benefactor
‫ مناعم‬manā‘im2 favors, blessings, boons;
amenities, comforts, pleasures, delights
‫ تنعيم‬tan‘īm pampering, coddling,
effemination
‫ انعام‬in‘ām act of kindness, favor,
benefaction; gift, donation, grant,
distinction, 980 bestowal, award │ ‫انعام‬
‫ النظر‬i. an-naẓar careful examination,
serious consideration
‫ ناعم‬nā‘im soft; smooth; tender; fine,
powdery │ ‫ ناعم الظفر‬n. aẓ-ẓufr young,
youthful, tender; ‫( سكر ناعم‬sukkar)
powdered sugar
‫ منعم‬mun‘im donor, benefactor
‫ نعنع‬na‘na‘ and ‫ نعناع‬na‘nā‘ mint (bot.);
peppermint
‫ نعناعي‬na‘nā‘ī peppermint (adj.)
‫ نعى‬na‘ā a (na‘y, na‘īy, ‫ نعيان‬na‘yān) to
announce the death (‫ ھـ‬of s.o., ‫ الى‬to s.o.);
to hold s.th. (‫ )ھـ‬against s.o. (‫)على‬,
reproach, blame (‫ ھـ على‬s.o. for); -- na‘ā i
to lament, wail; to deplore (‫ ھـ‬s.th.)
‫ نعي‬naīy one who announces s.o.’s
death; blame, reproach
‫ نعية‬na‘ya pl. na‘ayāt news of s.o.’s
death, death notice
‫ منعى‬man‘an and ‫ منعاة‬man‘āh pl. ‫مناع‬
manā‘in news of s.o.’s death
‫ نغبة‬nagba, nugba swallow, gulp, draught
‫ نغبشة‬nagbaša noise
‫ نغز‬nagaza a (nagz) to tickle (‫ ه‬s.o.); to prick (‫ه‬
s.o., with a needle, or the like); to sow
dissension, stir up enmity (‫ بين‬between)
‫ نغش‬nagaša a (nagš, ‫ نغشان‬nagašān) to be
agitated, be shaken III to play (‫ ه‬with s.o.),
tease (‫ ه‬s.o.), dally, flirt (‫ ه‬with s.o.) V = I
‫ نغشة‬nagša pl. nagašāt motion; shaking
‫ نغاش‬nugāš and ‫ نغاشي‬nugāšī very small;
midget, dwarf
‫ نغاشة‬nagāša banter, raillery, teasing,
playfulness; elegance
‫ نغص‬II and IV to disturb, ruffle, spoil (‫على‬
s.o.’s ‫ ھـ‬pleasure, joy, life, or the like),
make loathsome (‫ ھـ على‬to s.o. s.th.) V to
be disturbed, be ruffled, be spoiled,
become loathsome
‫ منغص‬munaggiṣ exciting
‫ نغل‬nagila a (nagal) to fester, suppurate
(wound) │ ‫( نغل قلبه على‬qalbuhū) to harbor
resentment against, hold a grudge against
‫ نغل‬nagl, nagil illegitimate child;
bastard
‫ نغيل‬nagīl illegitimate child; bastard
‫ نغولة‬nugūla illegitimacy, bastardy
‫ نغم‬nagama u i and nagima a (nagm, nagam)
to hum a tune; to ling II and V do.
‫ نغم‬nagm and nagam pl. ‫ انغام‬angām
tune, air, melody; voice, part (mus., of a
contrapuntal composition); timbre, tone
color; sound, tone
‫ نغمة‬nagima, nagama pl. nagamāt tone;
sound; musical note, tone (of the gamut;
mus.); inflection, intonation, melody;
song, chant
‫ تناغم‬tanāgum symphonia, concord (of
sounds)
‫ منغوم‬mangūm melodious (voice)
‫ )نغا )نغو‬nagā u (nagw) and ‫ نغى‬nagā i (nagy) to
speak (‫ الى‬to s.o.) III to whisper (‫ ه‬in s.o.’s
ear); to talk gently, kindly, tenderly (‫ ه‬to
s.o., esp., to a child); to flatter, court (‫ه‬
s.o.); to twitter (bird); (eg.) to babble
(child)
‫ نف‬naffa i to blow one’s nose; to snuff’
‫ نفة‬naffa (tun.) pinch of snuff; snuff
‫ نفاف‬naffāf snuffer
‫ نفث‬nafata u i (naft) to spit, spit out,
expectorate, discharge, cough out (‫ھـ‬
s.th.); to squirt out (‫ ھـ‬its venom; of a
snake); to exhale, puff out (‫ ھـ‬the smoke;
of a smoker); to utter, voice (‫ ھـ‬s.th.); to
exude and inspire (‫ في ھـ‬with s.th. s.o.),
transfuse (‫ في ھـ‬s.th. into s.o.) 981
 ‫ نفث‬naft expectoration; saliva, spittle │
‫ نفث الشيطان‬n. aš-šaiṭān erotic poetry
‫ نفثة‬nafta pl. nafatāt expectoration;
saliva, spittle; pl. expectorated or ejected
matter, expectorations, discharge,
outpourings, emissions, effusions;
invectives, accusations │ ‫نفثات األقالم‬
literary productions
‫ نفاثة‬nufāta saliva, spittle
‫ )نفاثة )طائرة‬naffāta jet plane
‫ نفاثي‬naffātī jet- (in compounds) │ ‫تسيير‬
‫ نفاثي‬jet propulsion
‫ نفاثة‬naffāta pl. -āt woman who spits on
the knots (in exercising a form of Arabian
witchcraft in which women tie knots in a
cord and spit upon them with an
imprecation; Kor. 113,4); sorceress
‫ نفج‬nafaja u (nafj, ‫ نفجان‬nafajān, ‫ نفوج‬nufūj) to
spring up and take to flight (game); to
jump, leap, bound; to vaunt, brag, boast V
to brag, boast VIII = I
‫ نفج‬nafj bragging, boasting
‫ نفاج‬nafāj braggart, show-off; snob
‫ نافجة‬nllftia pl. ‫ نوافج‬nawāfij2 musk bag;
container for musk
‫ نفح‬nafaḥa a (nafḥ, ‫ نفحان‬nafaḥān, ‫ نفاح‬nufāḥ) to
spread, be diffused (fragrance), exhale a
pleasant smell, be fragrant; to blow
(wind); to make s.o. (‫ )ه‬a present of (‫)ب‬,
present (‫ ب ه‬s.o. with); to treat (‫ ھـ ه‬s.o. to
s.th.) III to protect, defend (‫ عن‬s.th.)
‫ نفحة‬nafḥa pl. nafaḥāt breeze, gust;
breath; diffusing odor; fragrance, perfume
scent; gift, present
‫ منفحة‬manfaḥa rennet
‫ نفخ‬nafaka u (nafk) to blow, puff; to
breathe; to blow up, inflate, fill with air (‫ھـ‬
or ‫ في‬s.th.); O to pump up, fill (a tire); O
to fill with gas (balloon); to blow (‫ھـ‬
tunes, ‫ في‬on an instrument); to breathe
s.th. (‫ )ھـ‬into s.o. (‫)في‬. inspire (‫ ھـ في‬s.o.
with); to inflate, puff up, elate, flush with
success, fill with pride (‫ ه‬s.o.) │ ‫نفخ في البوق‬
(būq) to blow the trumpet; ‫نفخ في روحه‬
(rūḥihī) to animate, inspirit s.o.; ‫نفخ في‬
‫( صورته‬ṣūratihī) to bring s.th. into being,
give birth to s.th.; ‫نفخ في زمارة روحه‬
(zammārati rūḥihī) to rouse s.o.’s temper;
‫( نفخ الشمعة‬šam‘a) to blowout a candle; ‫نفخ‬
‫( شدقيه‬šidqaihi) to be puffed up, become
inflated VIII to be blown up, inflated,
filled with air; to swell; to puff up,
become inflated │ ‫( انتفخ سحره‬saḥrahū) and
‫( انتفخت مساحره‬masāḥiruhū) his lungs
became inflated (out of fear or pride)
‫ نفخ‬nafk blowing, blowing up, inflation,
pumping up, filling with air
‫ نفخة‬nafka (n. vic.) blow, puff; breath;
gust; distention, inflation, swelling;
conceit, overweeningness, haughtiness │
‫( )نفخة كذابة )كاذبة‬kaddāba) self-conceit,
vainglory, bumptiousness
‫ نفاخ‬naffāk flatulent
‫ نفانخ‬nuffāk swelling
‫ نفاخة‬naffāka bladder; bubble
‫ منفخ‬minfak pl. ‫ منافخ‬manāfik2 bellows
‫ منفاخ‬minfāk pl. ‫ منافيخ‬manāfīk 2 bellows;
air pump, tire pump; blowpipe
‫ تنفخ‬tanaffuk inflatedness, inflation;
bumptiousness, bumptious behavior
‫ انتفاخ‬intifāk process of being inflated;
distention, inflation, swelling,
protuberance; flatulence, meteorism
(med.) │ ‫ انتفاخ الرئة‬int. ar-ri’a pulmonic
emphysema
‫ نافخ‬nāfik blowing; blower; flatulent │
‫( ما بالدار نافخ ضرمة‬n. ḍarmatin) there is not
a soul in the house
‫ منفوخ‬manfūk blown up, puffed up,
inflated; swollen; pumped up, inflated;
982 paunchy, obese, fat; conceited, self-
conceited, overweening, snobbish
‫ منتفخ‬muntafik blown up, puffed up,
inflated; swollen
‫ نفد‬nafida a (nafad, ‫ نفاد‬nafād) to be exhausted,
depleted, used up; to run out, come to an
end, dwindle away; to be out of print │ ‫نفد‬
‫( لديه معين الصبر‬ma‘īn aṣ-ṣabr) to be at the
end of one’s patience IV and X to use up,
consume, spend, exhaust, drain, deplete (‫ھـ‬
s.th.); to taste thoroughly, enjoy to the full
(‫ھـ‬
s.th.) │ ‫( استنفد كل وسع‬kulla wus‘in) to
exhaust, or avail o.s. of, every possibility
 ‫ نفدة‬nafda pl. nafadāt entry (in an
account book), booked item
‫ نفاد‬nafād exhaustion, consumption,
depletion (of stores), dwindling, wastage,
waste
‫ النفود‬an-nafūd Nafud (desert in N Nejd)
‫ نافد‬nāfid: ‫ نافد الصبر‬n. aṣ-ṣabr impatient
‫ نافدة‬nāfida void, vacuum
‫ نفذ‬nafada u (‫ نفاذ‬nafād, ‫ نفوذ‬nufūd) to pierce,
bore (‫ ھـ‬s.th. or ‫ من‬through s.th.), penetrate
(‫ من‬،‫ ھـ‬s.th.), go or pass (‫ ب‬،‫ ھـ‬through
s.th.); to penetrate (‫ الى‬into), get through,
pass through (‫ الى‬to); O (mil.) to break
through, fight one’s way through the
enemy (‫ من‬or ‫ ;)في‬to get (‫ الى‬to s.o.), arrive
(‫ الى‬at s.o.’s place), reach (‫ الى‬s.o.); to lead
(‫ الى‬to), give, open (‫ الى‬on; of a door or
window); to communicate, be connected (
‫ الى‬with; of a building, lot, premises), join;
to be carried out, be executed, be legally
valid, be effective, be operative, be
enforceable, be executable, be executory;
to do well or skillfully (‫ في‬s.th.) II and IV
to cause (‫ ھـ‬s.th.) to pierce or penetrate; to
carry out, execute, accomplish, effect (‫ھـ‬
s.th., also, an idea), do, perform, fulfill,
discharge (‫ ھـ‬a duty); to realize,
implement, carry into effect (‫ ھـ‬a plan, a
project, ideas); to enforce (‫ ھـ‬a resolution);
to carry through (‫ ھـ‬a program); to
execute, carry out (‫ ھـ‬a sentence; ‫في‬
against s.o.); to transmit, convey, send,
dispatch, forward (‫ الى ھـ‬s.th. to s.o.) V to
be executed, be carried out
‫ نفذ‬nafad pl. ‫ انفاذ‬anfād opening,
aperture, orifice, hole, vent, outlet, escape,
way out
‫ نفاذ‬nafād penetration, permeation;
implementation, realization, effectuation;
effectiveness; execution │ ‫نفاذ البصيرة‬
perspicacity, acute discernment,
penetration
‫ نفاذ‬nafād piercing, penetrating;
effective, effectual; permeable, pervious
‫ نفوذ‬nufūd penetration, permeation;
effectiveness, effect, action; influence, ‫ نفر‬nafara u i (‫ نفور‬nufūr, ‫ نفار‬nifār) to shy,
prestige, authority │ ‫( نفوذ مطلق‬muṭlaq) full
powers, free hand, unlimited authority; ‫ذو‬
‫ نفوذ‬influential; ‫ نطاق النفوذ‬sphere of
influence
‫ منفذ‬manfad, manfid pl. ‫ منافذ‬manāfid2
opening in a wall, air hole, window;
passage, passageway, exit; outlet; way
out, escape; entrance, access; gateway,
gate; loophole, dodge; O electrode (el.) │
O ‫ منفذ المياه‬m. al-miyāh flood gate, lock
gate, sluice gate; ‫( المنفذ البحري‬baḥrī) access
to the sea
‫ تنفيذ‬tanfīd carrying out,
implementation, effectuation. realization;
discharge, accomplishment, fulfillment,
performance, execution; distraint, legal
execution (jur.) │ ‫دخل في طور )دور( التنفيذ‬
(ṭauri, dauri t-t.) to become effective,
come into force; ‫‘ عون التنفيذ‬aun at-t. minor
executory officer, bailiff (tun.); ‫قسم التنفيذ‬
qism at-t. executive division (of a court);
‫ احكام قابلة للتنفيذ‬executory decisions,
precepts, executions, writs of fieri facias
(jur.) 983
‫ تنفيذي‬tanfīdī executory, executive │ ‫لجنة‬
‫( تنفيذية‬tanfīdīya) executive committee
‫ انفاذ‬infād sending, dispatch,
conveyance, delivery, transmission;
carrying out, execution, discharge,
performance
‫ نافذ‬nāfid piercing, penetrating;
effective, operative, effectual; legally
valid │ ‫( اصبح نافذا‬aṣbaḥa) to become
operative, become effective, come into
force (law); ‫( الحكم نافذ فيه‬ḥukmu) the
sentence will be carried out, has legal
force; ‫ نافذ الكلمة‬n. al-kalima influential,
powerful; ‫ نافذ المفعول‬valid, effective, in
force; ‫( امر نافذ‬amr) strict order
‫ نافذة‬nāfida pl. ‫ نوافذ‬nawāfid2 opening in
a wall, air hole; window; O wicket │ O
‫ نافذة اإلطالق‬n. al-iṭlāq loophole, embrasure
‫ منفذ‬munaffid executant, executer,
executioner │ ‫ منفذ الوصية‬m. al-waṣīya
executor (jur.); ‫‘( عون منفذ‬aun) minor
executory officer, bailiff (tun.)
‫ متنفذ‬mutanaffid influential
bolt, stampede (animal); -- (nafar) to flee,
run away; to have an aversion (‫ من‬to),
have a distaste (‫ من‬for); to avoid, shun,
eschew (‫ عن‬or ‫ من‬s.th.), keep clear (‫ عن‬or
‫ من‬of), turn away, flee (‫ عن‬or ‫ من‬from); to
hurry, rush, hasten (‫ ل‬or ‫ الى‬to); -- i (‫نفور‬
nufūr) to swell, bulge out, protrude, jut
out, stick out II to startle, frighten, scare
away, chase away, drive away (‫ ھـ‬s.th.); to
fill (‫ ه‬s.o.) with an aversion (‫ من‬to), arouse
a distaste (‫ من ه‬in s.o. for), make
loathsome (‫ من ه‬to s.o. s.th.), alienate,
estrange, deter (‫ من ه‬s.o. from), spoil s.o.’s
(‫ )ه‬pleasure (‫ من‬in), make (‫ ه‬s.o.)
dissatisfied (‫ من‬with) III to avoid (‫ ه‬،‫ ھـ‬s.o.,
s.th.), keep away (‫ ه‬from s.o.), have an
aversion (‫ ه‬to s.o.); to contradict (‫ ھـ‬s.th.),
be incompatible (‫ ھـ‬with) VI to avoid each
other; to conflict, clash; to disagree, he
incongruous, incompatible, mutually
repellent X to he frightened away; to call
upon s.o. (‫ )ه‬to fight (‫ على‬against), call out
(‫ ه‬s.o.) to go to war (‫ على‬against)
‫ نفر‬nafar pl. ‫ انفار‬anfār band, party,
group, troop; troops; person, individual;
(mil.) soldier, private; man (as a
numerative)
‫ نفرة‬nafra aversion, distaste, dislike,
antipathy
‫ نفور‬nufūr shying, flight; bolting,
stampede (of an animal); aversion,
distaste, dislike, displeasure, alienation,
estrangement
‫ نفور‬nufūr shy, easily frightened, scary,
fearful, timid; reticent, diffident, bashful,
coy, reserved
‫ نفير‬nafīr pl. ‫ انفار‬anfār, ‫ انفرة‬anfira band,
party, group, troop; departure into battle;
trumpet │ ‫‘( نفير عام‬āmm) general call to
arms, levy en masse; general alarm
‫ نافورة‬nāfūra pl. ‫ نوافير‬nawāfīr2 fountain
‫ نوفرة‬naufara pl. ‫ نوافر‬nawāfir2 fountain
‫ تنفير‬tanfīr estrangement, alienation,
repulsion, deterrence
‫ تنافر‬tanāfur mutual aversion or
repulsion, disagreement, disunion,
dissension, conflict, strife, incongruity,
discord
‫ نافر‬nāfir pl. ‫ نفر‬nafr, nuffar fleeing,
fugitive, shy, fearful, timid; having an
aversion (‫ من‬to) or a distaste (‫ من‬for);
swelling, protuberant, bulging, protruding,
projecting, jutting out; relief-like, in relief;
three-dimensional, 3-D (film)
‫ منفر‬munaffir, munfir repulsive,
repellent
‫ نفس‬nafusa u (nafas, ‫ نفاس‬nifās, ‫نفاسة‬
nafāsa) to be precious, valuable, priceless;
-- nafisa a (nafas) to be sparing, niggardly
984 (‫ ب‬with s.th.); -- (‫ نفاسة‬nafāsa) to
envy, begrudge (‫ ه على‬s.o. s.th.); -- nafisa
a and pass. nufisa (‫ نفاس‬nifās) to he in
childbed II to cheer up, comfort, appease,
reassure (‫ ه‬s.o.); to relieve (‫ عن‬s.o., of
s.th., esp., of sorrow, cares), dispel, banish
(‫ عن‬s.o.’s ‫ ھـ‬worries, anxieties); to air (‫عن‬
one’s secret feelings), give vent (‫ عن‬to
one’s emotions), uncover, reveal, voice,
get off one’s chest, get out of one’s
system, abreact (‫ عن‬one’s suppressed
desires, frustrations, fears, etc.); to desist (
‫ عن‬from), cease (‫ عن‬doing s.th.); pass.
nuffisa to get lost (‫ عن‬to s.o.); to let out
air, leak; to be in childbed III to compete,
vie (‫ عن ه‬with s.o. in); to compete, fight,
struggle (‫ على‬for), seek. try to obtain,
desire (‫ على‬s.th.), strive, be out (‫ على‬for),
aspire (‫ على‬to) V to breathe, inhale and
exhale; to take breath, pause for breath.
have a breather, have a break, take a rest
│ ‫( تنفس الحسرات المؤلمة‬al-ḥasarāti l-
mu’lima) to heave painful sighs; ‫تنفس‬
‫( الصعداء‬ṣu‘adā’a) to sigh deeply; to
breathe a sigh of relief, breathe again; ‫تنفس‬
‫( النفس األخير‬nafasa) to be at one’s last
gasp, be dying; ‫( تنفس عن الحياة‬ḥayāh) to
breathe one’s last, die VI to rival,
compete, vie, contend (‫ على‬for, ‫ في‬in s.th.)
‫ نفس‬nafs f., pl. ‫ نفوس‬nufūs, ‫ انفس‬anfus
soul; psyche; spirit, mind; life; animate
being, living creature, human being,
person, individual (in this sense, masc.);
essence, nature; inclination, liking,
appetite, desire; personal identity, self
(used to paraphrase the reflexive pronoun;
see examples below) │ ‫ بنفسه‬he himself;
personally, in person; ‫ نحن بنفسوسنا‬we
ourselves; ‫( في نفس األمر‬n. il-amr) in reality,
actually, in fact; ‫ في نفس الواقع‬do.; ‫عند انفسھم‬
in their own opinion; ‫)جأءني ھو نفسه )بنفسه‬
he himself came to me, he came
personally to see me; ‫ جاء من نفس‬he came
of his own accord; ‫ما وعدت به فيما بيني وبين‬
‫ نفسي‬what I had promised myself; ‫نفس األمر‬
n. al-amr the essence of the matter, the
nature of the affair; ‫ نفس الشيء‬the thing
itself; the same thing, the very thing;
‫ االعتماد على النفس‬and ‫( الثقة بالنفس‬tiqa) self-
confidence, self-reliance; ‫ بشق النفس‬bi-šiqqi
n-n. or ‫( بشق األنفس‬following ‫ ال‬... ‫ )ال‬with
(the greatest) difficulty, barely; ‫صغير النفس‬
base-minded, low-minded; ‫عفيف النفس‬
unselfish, selfless, altruistic; ‫‘ علم النفس‬ilm
an-n. psychology; ‫ كبير النفس‬high-minded,
proud; ‫ محبة النفس‬maḥabbat an-n. amour
propre, selfishness; ‫ بذل النفس والنفيس‬to
make every conceivable sacrifice,
sacrifice all, give up all one’s possessions
‫ نفسي‬nafsī spiritual, mental, psychic(al);
(pl. -ūn) psychologist │ ‫التحليل النفسي‬
psychoanalysis; ‫ حالة نفسية‬state of mind,
mood
‫ نفسية‬nafsīya mental life, inner life,
psyche; frame of mind; mentality, mental
attitude, disposition; psychology
‫ نفس‬nafas pl. ‫ انفاس‬anfās breath; whiff;
puff (from a smoking pipe, from a
cigarette); swallow, gulp, draught; style of
an author; freedom, liberty, convenience,
discretion │ ‫ حتى النفس األخير‬to the last
breath; ‫ ذو نفس‬enough to slake the thirst;
refreshing (drink); ‫ ضيق النفس‬ḍīq an-n.
labored breathing, asthma; ‫ھو في نفس من‬
‫ اموره‬he acts according to his own desires;
‫( انت في نفس من امرك‬amrika) you can do as
you please! ‫( امسك نفاسه‬anfāsahū) to hold
one’s breath; ‫( فاضت انفاسه‬anfāsuhū) to
give up the ghost
‫ نفسة‬nufsa respite, delay
‫ نفساء‬nafsā’2 pl. ‫ نوافس‬nawāfis2 confined,
in childbed; a woman in childbed
‫ نفساني‬nafsānī psychic(al), mental │ ‫طب‬
‫( نفساني‬ṭibb) psychiatry; ‫طبيب نفساني‬
psychiatrist; ‫ عالم نفساني‬psychologist 985
O ‫ نفسانية‬nafsānīya psychology
‫ نفاس‬nifās parturition; delivery,
childbirth, confinement, accouchement;
childbed, puerperium; see also below │
‫ حمى النفاس‬ḥummā n-n. or ‫حمى نفاسية‬
puerperal fever, childbed fever
‫ نفاسة‬naffāsa preciousness, costliness
‫ نفيس‬nafīs precious, costly, valuable,
priceless
‫ نفيسة‬nafīsa pl.. ‫ نفائس‬nafā’is2 gem,
object of value, precious thing
‫ منفس‬manfas pl. ‫ منافس‬manāfis2
breathing hole, air hole, valve
‫ تنفيس‬tanfīs airing, ventilation
‫ منافسة‬munāfasa pl. -āt emulation;
competition (also com.); rivalry; athletic
event, contest, match
‫ نفاس‬nifās emulation; competition (also
com.); rivalry; athletic event, contest,
match
‫ تنفس‬tanaffus respiration
‫ تنفسي‬tanaffusī: ‫( جھاز تنفسي‬jahāz)
respiratory system
‫ تنافس‬tanāfus mutual competition,
rivalry; fight, struggle (‫ على‬for) │ ‫تنافس‬
‫( حيوي‬ḥayawī) struggle for existence
‫ منافس‬munāfis competitor; rival
‫ متنفس‬mutanaffas place to breathe
freely; breathing space, free scope (for
s.th.), free atmosphere; relief, escape, way
out
‫ نفش‬nafaša u (nafš) to tease (‫ ھـ‬wool); to swell
out, puff up; to swell, become swollen; to
ruffle its feathers (bird) II to comb or card
(‫ ھـ‬cotton) V to puff up, become inflated;
to ruffle the feathers, bristle the hair VIII
do.
‫ نفش‬nafaš wool
‫ نفاش‬naffāš a variety of large lemon
‫ منفوش‬manfūš puffed up, inflated;
ruffled, bristling; disheveled (hair); fluffy
(hair, wool)
‫ نفض‬nafaḍa u (nafḍ) to shake (‫ ھـ‬s.th.),
shake off (‫ عن ھـ‬s.th. from), shake out,
dust, dust off (‫ ھـ‬s.th.); to knock the ashes
from a cigarette (‫ ;)ھـ‬to make (‫ ه‬s.o.)
shiver (fever); -- u (‫ نفوض‬nufūḍ) to
recover, recuperate (‫ من‬from) │ ‫نفض عنه‬
‫( الكسل‬kasala) or ‫( نفض غبار كسله‬gubāra
kasalihī) to shake off one’s laziness; ‫نفض‬
‫( غباره‬gubārahū) lit.: to shake off its dust,
i.e., to have reached the end of, be
finished with; ‫( نفض عنه الھم‬hamma) to
shake off one’s sorrows, shed one’s
anxiety; ‫( نفض في لعب األوراق‬la‘ibi l-aurāq)
to gamble away at cards; ‫نفض يده من األمر‬
 (yadahū, amr) to chuck s.th., shake off
s.th., rid o.s. of, refuse to have anything to
do with; ‫ نفض يده من يد فالن‬to break with s.o.
dissociate o.s. from, go back on s.o. II to
shake violently, shake out, dust off (‫ھـ‬
s.th.) IV to use up completely, exhaust (‫ھـ‬
provisions, stores); to be devoid of all
means, be reduced to poverty, be
impoverished, be depleted; to shake off (
‫ عن ه‬s.o. from); to remove, dismiss (‫عن ه‬
s.o. from) VIII to be shaken off, be dusted
off; to shake; to shudder, shiver, tremble (
‫ من‬with) │ ‫( انتفض واقفا‬wāqifan) to jump
up, jump to one’s feet
‫ نفض‬nafaḍ that which is shaken off or
falls off
‫ نفضي‬nafḍī: O ‫ غابة نفضية‬deciduous
forest, leafy forest
‫ نفضة‬nafaḍa scouting party,
reconnaissance patrol
‫ نفضة‬nufaḍa ague fit, feverish shiver
‫ نفاض‬nufāḍ ague fit, feverish shiver
‫ نفاضة‬nufāḍa that which is shaken off or
falls off 986
‫ نفيضة‬nafīḍa pl. ‫ نفائض‬nafā’iḍ2 scouting
party, reconnaissance patrol
‫ منفض‬minfaḍ sieve; winnow
‫ منفضة‬minfaḍa pl. ‫ منافض‬manāfiḍ2
ashtray; feather duster; O vacuum cleaner
‫ انتفاض‬intifāḍ shaking, shiver, shudder,
tremor
‫ انتفاضة‬intifāḍa (n. vic.) shiver, shudder,
tremor
‫ نفط‬nafṭ naphtha, petroleum
‫ نفطي‬nafṭī of naphtha, soaked in
naphtha; oil-, petroleum- (in compounds) I
‫( مصباح نفطي‬miṣbāḥ) oil lamp
‫ نفطة‬nafṭa blister
‫ نفطة‬nufaṭa irritable, touchy, thin-
skinned; hot-tempered
‫ منفط‬munaffiṭ blistering, vesicatory
‫ نفع‬nafa‘a a (naf‘) to be useful, beneficial,
advantageous, be of use (‫ ه‬to s.o.), avail,
help (‫ ه‬s.o.); to be usable, to do, serve (‫ل‬
for) │ ‫ ال ينفع‬of no use II to utilize, turn to
use, put to use (‫ ھـ‬s.th.); to use (‫ ھـ‬s.th.),
make use (‫ ھـ‬of) VIII to turn to advantage,
turn to good account, put to use, utilize,
use (‫ من‬or ‫ ب‬s.th.), take advantage, avail
o.s., make use (‫ من‬or ‫ ب‬of); to profit, gain,
benefit (‫ من‬or ‫ ب‬by s.th.); to enjoy (‫ من‬or
‫ ب‬s.th.) X=II
‫ نفع‬naf‘ use, avail, benefit, advantage,
profit, gain; good, welfare
‫ نفع‬naf‘ out for one’s own advantage,
self-interested, selfish; profiteer
‫ نفاع‬naffā‘ very useful, of good use
‫ نفوع‬nafū‘ pl. ‫ نفع‬nufu‘ very us‫نفع‬eful, of
good use
‫ منفعة‬manfa‘a pl. ‫ منافع‬manāfi‘2 use,
avail, benefit; beneficial use, useful
service; advantage, profit, gain; (Isl. Law)
yield of a utilizable thing or of a right,
produce; interest; public establishment,
public-service facility │ ‫)منافع عامة )عمومية‬
(‘āmma, ‘umūmīya) public-service
facilities, specif., property set aside, or
available, for public use; ‫منافع صحية‬
(ṣiḥḥīya) sanitary facilities
‫ انتفاع‬intifā‘ use, employment,
utilization, exploitation, usufruct; benefit,
advantage, profit, gain
‫ نافع‬nāfi’ useful, beneficial,
advantageous, profitable, usable,
serviceable; wholesome, salutary
‫ نافعة‬nāfi’a public works │ ‫وزير النافعة‬
minister of public works
‫ منتفع‬muntafi’ beneficiary, usufructuary
‫ نفق‬nafaqa u (‫ نفاق‬nafāq) to sell well, find a
ready market (merchandise); to be brisk,
active (market); -- nafaqa and nafiqa a
(nafaq) to be used up, he spent, run out
(stores, provisions, money), be exhausted;
-- nafaqa u (‫ نفوق‬nufūq) to die, perish
(esp., of an animal) II to sell III to
dissemble, dissimulate, play the hypocrite
│ ‫( نافق ضميره‬ḍamīrahū) to act contrary to
the dictates of one’s conscience IV to
spend, expend, layout, disburse (‫على ه‬
money for); to use up, consume, spend,
exhaust, waste, squander, dissipate (‫ھـ‬
s.th.); to spend, pass (‫ ھـ‬time); to provide (
‫ على‬for s.o., esp., for s.o.’s means of
support), support (‫ على‬s.o.), bear the cost
of s.o.’s (‫ )على‬maintenance V ‫تنفق بكذبة على‬
 (bi-kidbatin) to tell s.o. a fib X to spend,
waste (‫ على ھـ‬money for)
‫ نفق‬nafaq pl. ‫ نفاق‬anfāq tunnel,
underground passageway
‫ نفقة‬nafaqa pl. -āt, ‫ نفاق‬nifāq expense;
cost; outlay, expenditure, disbursement;
cost of living, maintenance, support; (Isl.
Law) adequate support, esp., of the 987
wife; charitable gift, handout (to the poor)
│ ‫ على نفقة‬at s.o.’s expense; ‫قليل النفقات‬
inexpensive, cheap
‫ نفاق‬nafāq brisk trade, good business;
salability (of a commodity)
‫ منفاق‬minfāq squanderer, wastrel,
spendthrift, profligate
‫ منافقة‬munāfaqa hypocrisy,
dissimulation, dissemblance
‫ نفاق‬nifāq hypocrisy, dissimulation,
dissemblance
‫ انفاق‬infāq spending, expenses, outlay,
expenditure, disbursement
‫ نافق‬nāfiq selling well, easily
marketable, in demand (commodity)
‫ منافق‬munāfiq hypocrite, dissembler
‫ نفل‬V and VIII to do more than is required by
duty or obligation, to supererogate
(specif., prayers, charity, or the like)
‫ نفل‬nafl supererogatory performance,
specif., a work of supererogation
‫ نفل‬nafal pl. ‫ انفال‬anfāl, ‫ نفول‬nufūl, ‫نفال‬
nifāl booty, loot, spoil; present
‫ نفل‬nafal clover
‫ نافلة‬nāfila pl. ‫ نوافل‬nawāfil2
supererogatory performance; work of
supererogation; gift, present; booty, loot,
spoil │ ‫( من نافلة القول ان‬n. il-qaul) it goes
without saying that ...
2
‫ نفنف‬nafnaf pl. ‫ نفانف‬nafānif air, atmosphere;
steep hillside, precipitous cliff
‫ نفنوف‬nafnūf (ir.) a woman’s dress
‫ )نفو‬and ‫ نفا )نفي‬nafā u (nafw) and ‫ نفى‬nafā i
(nafy) to expel, eject, oust, ostracize,
exclude (‫ عن‬or ‫ على ه‬s.o. from), remove,
evict, banish, exile, expatriate (‫ ه‬s.o.); to
deport (‫ ه‬s.o.); to refute, disprove, rebut,
controvert, repudiate (‫ ھـ‬s.th.); to deny (‫ھـ‬
s.th.); to reject, dismiss, discard, disclaim,
disavow, decline, refuse, disallow (‫ھـ‬
s.th.); to exclude, preclude (‫ ھـ‬s.th.); to
negate (gram.) III to hunt, chase, pursue,
track down (‫ ه‬s.o.); to exclude, preclude (
‫ ھـ‬s.th.); to contradict (‫ ھـ‬s.th.), be contrary
(‫ ھـ‬to); to be incompatible, be inconsistent
(‫ ھـ‬with) VI to be mutually exclusive or
contradicting, cancel each other out, be
incompatible VIII to be banished, be
exiled, be expelled; to be refuted, be
disproved, be controverted, be
contradicted, be denied; to fall off, fall
away, be dropped, be omitted, be absent,
be nonexistent X to reject as worthless,
useless, unacceptable (‫ ھـ‬s.th.)
‫ نفي‬nafy expulsion; banishment, exile,
expatriation; ejection, ousting, eviction,
ostracism; deportation; denial, disclaimer,
disavowal, repudiation, disproof,
refutation, rebuttal, refusal, rejection,
disallowance, prohibition, ban; negation
(gram.) │ ‫ حرف النفي‬ḥarf an-n. particle
of negation (gram.); ‫ شاھد نفي‬witness for
the defense (as opposed to ‫ شاھد اثبات‬š.
itbāt)
‫ نفيي‬nafyī negative
‫ نفي‬nafīy denied; rejected, discarded
‫ نفاء‬nafā’, ‫ نفاة‬nafāh and ‫ نفاوة‬nafāwa
s.th. discarded as worthless or useless;
dross, refuse, waste, scrap, offal,
sweepings, garbage
‫ نفاية‬nufāya pl. -āt s.th. discarded as
worthless or useless; remnant, remains;
discard, castoff; reject, throwout; dross,
refuse, waste, scrap, offal, sweepings,
garbage; O ‫ نفايات‬excretions (biol.)
‫ منفى‬manfan pl. ‫ مناف‬manāfin place of
exile; banishment, exile
‫ منافاة‬munāfāh contradiction,
incompatibility, inconsistency
‫ تناف‬tanāfin mutual incompatibility
‫ انتفاء‬intifā’ absence, lack 988
‫ منفي‬manfīy turned down, denied,
rejected, discarded; negated, negative;
banished, exiled, expatriated; deported
‫ مناف‬munāfin incompatible
‫ نق‬naqqa i (‫ نقيق‬naqīq) to croak (frog); to
cackle, cluck (hen)
‫ نقاق‬naqqāq surly person, gruff man,
grumbler; griper, carper, faultfinder
‫ نقاقة‬naqqāqa frog
‫ نقيق‬naqīq croaking, croak; cackling,
cackle
1
‫ نقب‬naqaba u (naqb) to bore, pierce,
perforate, breach (‫ ھـ‬s.th.), make a hole or
breach (‫ ھـ‬in), punch or drill a hole (‫ھـ‬
through); to dig, dig up, dig out, excavate,
hollow out (‫ ھـ‬s.th.); to traverse (‫ في‬a
country), pass, travel (‫ في‬through); to
inquire, ask, look, search (‫ عن‬for),
examine thoroughly, investigate, explore,
search into, delve into; -- naqiba a
(naqab) to be perforated, be full of holes
II to drill (‫ عن‬for, e.g., for oil); to examine
thoroughly, study, investigate (‫ عن‬s.th.),
penetrate, delve, s8&roh (‫ عن‬into), look,
s8&roh (‫ عن‬for); to travel (‫ في‬through) III
to vie in virtues (‫ ه‬with s.o.) V to examine,
study, investigate (‫ عن‬s.th.), look, search (
‫ عن‬for); to veil her face (woman); to be
perforated, he full of holes VIII to put on a
veil, veil one’s face
‫ نقب‬naqb digging, excavation; piercing,
perforation; -- (pl. ‫ انقاب‬anqāb, ‫ نقاب‬niqāb)
hole, opening, breach; boring, bore; tunnel
‫ نقاب‬naqqāb punch
‫ نقد‬naqada u (naqd) to pay in cash (‫ ھـ ه‬to s.o.
‫ نقاب‬niqāb pl. ‫ نقب‬nuqub, ‫ انقبة‬anqiba
veil │ ‫ كشف النقاب عن‬to uncover, reveal,
disclose s.th.
‫ نقابة‬niqāba pl. -āt cooperative society;
union, association, guild; corporation;
syndicate; trade union, labor union │ ‫نقابة‬
‫ العمال‬n. al-‘ummāl trade-union, labor
union
‫ نقابي‬niqābī cooperative; syndicalistic;
syndicalist; trade-unionist
‫ نقابية‬niqābīya syndicalism; trade-
unionism
‫ نقيب‬naqīb pl. ‫ نقباء‬nuqabā’2 leader,
head, headman; director, principal, chief;
chairman of a guild; president; syndic,
corporation lawyer; (mil.) captain (army),
lieutenant (navy) (Eg. 1939 and U.A.R.);
tongue of a balance │ ‫ نقيب األشراف‬head of
the Alids, head of the descendants of the
Prophet
‫ نقيبة‬naqība pl. ‫ نقائب‬naqā’ib2 soul,
spirit, mind, intellect; natural disposition,
nature, temper, character
‫ منقب‬manqib, minqab and ‫ منقبة‬manqaba
pl. ‫ مناقب‬manāqib2 mountain trail, defile,
pass
‫ منقب‬minqab and ‫ منقبة‬minqaba punch,
perforator, drill; lancet
‫ مناقب‬manāqib2 virtues, outstanding
traits; glorious deeds, facts, exploits
‫ تنقيب‬tanqīb pl. -āt drilling (esp., for
oil); digging, excavation; investigation,
examination, inquiry, search, exploration,
research
‫ منقب‬munaqqib investigator, researcher,
scholar, explorer
2
‫ النقب‬an-naqab Negev (desert region in S
Israel)
‫ نقح‬naqaḥa a (naqḥ) to prune, lop (‫ ھـ‬a tree),
trim, clip (‫ ھـ‬s.th.) II do.; to review, revile,
read over carefully, correct (‫ ھـ‬a writing),
improve, polish, refine (the style) IV to
check, go over, re-examine, revise, correct
(‫ ھـ‬s.th.)
‫ تنقيح‬tanqīḥ checking, (re-)examination;
revision; correction 989
s.th.); to peck (‫ ھـ‬at); to examine critically
(‫ ھـ‬s.th.); to criticize (‫ ھـ على‬s.o. for) III to
call to account (‫ ه‬s.o.) IV to pay (‫ ھـ ه‬to
s.o. s.th.) VIII to criticize (‫ ھـ‬s.th.), find
fault (‫ ھـ‬with), take exception (‫ ھـ‬to),
disapprove (‫ ھـ‬of); to show up the
shortcomings (‫ على‬of s.o.), criticize (‫على‬
s.o.); to receive payment in cash
‫ نقد‬naqd criticism; -- (pl. ‫ نقود‬nuqūd)
cash, ready money; pl. specie, coins,
change; ‫ نقدا‬in cash; for cash, cash down │
‫ بالنقد‬in cash; for cash, cash down; ‫ورق النقد‬
waraq an-n. banknotes, paper money;
‫ حافظة النقود‬change purse
‫ نقدي‬naqdī monetary, pecuniary;
numismatic, of coin; cash (adj.) │ ‫تضخم‬
‫( نقدي‬taḍakkum) inflation; ‫( جزاء نقدي‬jazā’)
a monetary fine
‫ نقدية‬naqdīya ready money, cash
 ‫ نقاد‬naqqād critic; reviewer ‫ نقرة‬naqra pl. naqarāt blow, knock,
bang, rap; drumbeat; pluck(ing) (of
‫ نقادة‬naqqāda captious critic, caviler,
strings)
carper
‫ نقرة‬nuqra pl. ‫ نقر‬nuqar, ‫ نقار‬niqār pit,
‫ منقد‬manqad (eg.) brazier
hollow, cavity, hole; depression; orbit, eye
‫ منقاد‬minqād pl. ‫ مناقيد‬manāqīd2 beak, socket; neck furrow, nape
bill (of a bird)
‫ نقرة‬niqra bickering, wrangle,
‫ انتقاد‬intiqād pl. -āt objection, exception; argument, quarrel
criticism, censure, reproof, disapproval;
‫ نقار‬naqqār carver, engraver │ ‫نقار‬
review, critique
‫ الخشب‬n. al-kašab woodpecker (zool.)
‫ ناقد‬nāqid pl. -ūn, ‫ نقاد‬nuqqād, ‫نقدة‬
‫ نقارية‬nuqqārīya pl. -āt (eg.) a
naqada critic
percussion instrument resembling a
‫ منتقد‬muntaqid critic kettledrum
‫ منتقد‬muntaqad blameworthy, ‫ نقير‬naqīr tiny spot on a date pit; an
reprehensible, objectionable, utterly worthless thing │ ‫ال يجدي شروى نقير‬
exceptionable ٩٩٠ lā yujdī šarwā n. it won’t help the
‫ نقذ‬naqada u (naqd) to deliver, save, rescue (‫من‬ least bit, it won’t get you anywhere at all;
‫ ه‬s.o. from); -- naqida a (naqad) to be ‫ ال يملك شروى نقير‬he has absolutely nothing,
saved, be rescued, save o.s., escape IV to he hasn’t got a red cent to his
deliver, save, rescue (‫ من ه‬s.o. from); to name; ...}’ ":I~ J,:i ":I nothing at an,
salvage, recover (‫ ھـ‬s.th.) X = IV not
‫ انقاذ‬inqād deliverance, salvation, the l....t little bit
saving, rescue; salvaging, recovery; relief
;~ naqlra pl. ;W naq<!",.a corvette
‫ استنقاذ‬istinqād deliverance, salvation,
;~W naqqara sman drum having a
saving, rescue; salvaging, recovery; relief
hemispheric body of copper or wood
‫ منقذ‬munqid rescuer, savior, deliverer
~,,;~ niiqUr pl. .;:il; naWliqlr’
‫ نقر‬naqara u (naqr) to dig; to pierce, bore,
(Koranic)
hollow out, excavate (‫ ھـ‬s.th.), make a
cavity or hole (‫ ھـ‬in); to cut, carve (‫ ھـ‬s.th., a wind instrument
esp., atone or wood); to engrave, inscribe (
‫ في‬in); to peck up (‫ ھـ‬a grain; of a bird); to
peck (‫ ه‬at s.o.); to strike, bang, knock, rap
(‫ على‬at, on); to drum (‫ ھـ‬on s.th.); to snap
one’s fingers; to offend, annoy, vex, hurt,
insult, revile, malign, defame (‫ ه‬s.o.), cast
a slur (‫ ه‬on s.o.), make insinuations (‫ه‬
against s.o.); to investigate, examine (‫عن‬
s.th.); -- naqira a (naqar) to be offended,
annoyed, miffed (‫ على‬at) II to peck, peck
up (‫ ھـ‬s.th.); to investigate, examine (‫عن‬
s.th.) III to have an argument, to quarrel,
wrangle, bicker (‫ ه‬with s.o.)
‫ نقر‬naqr excavation, hollowing out,
carving out, engraving; hollow, cavity,
hole; snap(ping) of the fingers
‫ نقر‬naqir annoyed, offended, hurt,
miffed
 ;~~ naqilra (eg.) prattle, idle talk,
rigmarole
~LA:.. m,nqar pl. .;:il:.. manclqlr’
beak.
bill (of a bird); pickax
;.)L:... mutuiqara bickering, wrangle,
argument, quarrel
;;~ tuiq,ra pl. ;s.,; naWliq,r’ bickering,
wrangle, argument, quarrel; misfortune,
calamity
‫ نقرزان‬naqrazān (eg.) small drum; drummer
‫ نقرس‬niqris gout; skilled and experienced
(physician)
‫ نقريس‬niqrīs skilled and experienced
(physician)
‫ نقز‬naqaza u i (naqz, ‫ نقاز‬niqāz, ‫ نقزان‬naqazān)
to bound, leap, skip, hop II to rock, dandle
(‫ ه‬a child)
‫ نقزة‬naqza jump, leap, start
‫ ناقوس‬nāqūs pl. ‫ نواقيس‬nawāqīs2 (church)bell;
gong; hand bell (used, e.g., in Coptic
liturgy); bell jar, globe
‫ نقش‬naqaša u (naqš) to variegate, dapple,
make many-colored, daub with various
colors, bedaub (‫ ھـ‬s.th.); to paint; to chisel,
sculpture, carve out; to engrave (‫ ھـ‬s.th.,
‫ على‬on, in) II to paint; to engrave; to
sculpture III to argue, dispute (‫ ه‬with s.o.);
to discuss (‫ ھـ‬s.th.); to debate (‫ ھـ‬a
question); to criticize (‫ ھـ‬s.th.), object,
raise an objection (‫ ھـ‬to), raise a protest (‫ھـ‬
against); to bear, examine, interrogate (‫ه‬
s.o.; jur.) VI to carry on a dispute, to
debate (‫ في‬about) VIII to extract, pull out (
‫ ھـ‬a prick or thorn)
‫ نقش‬naqš pl. ‫ نقوش‬nuqūš painting,
picture, drawing; engraving; inscription;
sculpture, figure
‫ نقاش‬naqqāš painter; house painter;
artist; sculptor
‫ نقاشة‬niqāša (art of) painting or
sculpture
‫ منقش‬minqaš pl. ‫ مناقش‬manāqiš2 chisel
‫ منقاش‬minqāš pl. ‫ مناقيش‬manāqīš2 chisel
‫ مناقشة‬munāqaša argument, controversy,
dispute, debate, discussion;
contestation, opposition, objection, protest
‫ نقاش‬niqāš argument, controversy,
dispute, debate, discussion
‫ منقوش‬manqūš colored, dappled,
variegated; painted; engraved; sculptured;
inscribed
‫ مناقش‬munāqiš opponent in a dispute;
disputant
‫ نقص‬naqaṣa u (naqṣ, ‫ نقصان‬nuqṣān) to
decrease, become less, diminish, be
diminished, be reduced (‫ ھـ‬by an amount;
of a number); to decrease, diminish,
lessen, reduce, impair (‫ ھـ‬s.th.), prejudice (
‫ ه‬،‫ ھـ‬s.o., s.th.), be prejudicial (‫ ه‬،‫ ھـ‬to),
detract (‫ ه‬،‫ ھـ‬from); to lower, peg down (‫ھـ‬
s.th.); to be deficient, lacking, incomplete,
insufficient, inadequate, defective, faulty,
imperfect; ‫( نقصه الشيء‬šai’u) he lacked,
needed the thing, was in want of the thing;
to fan short (‫ عن‬of), be less, be lower (‫عن‬
than) │ 13 ‫‘( عاما تنقص شھرا واحدا‬āman,
šahran) 13 years minus one month II and
IV to decrease, diminish, lessen (‫ ھـ‬s.th.);
to reduce, lower, peg down (‫ ھـ‬s.th.); to
curtail, cut (‫ ھـ‬s.th.) III to invite bids (‫ھـ‬
 for a project, 991 etc., so as to determine
the lowest bidder) VI to decrease
gradually, diminish slowly, grow less or
smaller by degrees VIII to decrease,
diminish, become less; to wane; to impair,
diminish, lessen (‫ ھـ‬s.th.) │ ‫انتقص من قدره‬
(qadrihī) to disparage s.o., detract from
s.o., degrade s.o. X to ask for a reduction (
‫ ھـ‬of s.th.); to find (‫ ھـ‬s.th.) decreased,
deficient, short, defective, imperfect,
inferior; to discover the absence (‫ ھـ‬of),
miss (‫ ھـ‬s.th.)
‫ نقص‬naqṣ decrease, diminution; deficit,
loss, damage; wantage, lack, want,
shortage (‫ في‬of); gap, blank, omission;
defect, shortcoming, failing, fault,
blemish; deficiency, imperfection,
inferiority │ ‫ نقص المواليد‬falling birth rate;
‫ مركب نقص‬murakkab n. inferiority complex
‫ نقصان‬nuqṣān = ‫ نقص‬naqṣ
‫ نقيصة‬naqīṣa pl. ‫ نقائص‬naqā’iṣ2
shortcoming, failing, fault, defect
‫ تنقيص‬tanqīṣ diminution, lessening,
decrease, reduction, lowering
‫ مناقصة‬munāqaṣa pl. -āt competition to
determine the lowest bidder, public
invitation to submit bide (for public
works), notice to bidders; award of
contract to the lowest bidder
‫ انقاص‬inqāṣ diminution, lessening,
decrease, reduction, lowering, curtailment
‫ تناقص‬tanāquṣ decrease, diminution,
decrement
‫ انتقاص‬intiqāṣ impairment, lessening
‫ ناقص‬nāqiṣ pl. ‫ نقص‬nuqqaṣ decreasing,
diminishing; diminished, lowered,
decreased, reduced; faulty, defective;
deficient, lacking, imperfect, incomplete;
short of supply, scarce; less (‫ عن‬than);
growing lighter; defective (gram.)
‫ منقوص‬manqūṣ deficient, incomplete;
insufficient, inadequate
‫ نقض‬naqaḍa u (naqḍ) to destroy, demolish,
tear down, wreak, raze (‫ ھـ‬s.th.); to tear
apart, take apart, undo (‫ ھـ‬s.th.); to break,
violate, infringe (‫ ھـ‬s.th., esp., a contract
or similar legal obligation); to cancel,
abolish, repeal, abrogate, revoke, nullify,
declare void, annul (‫ ھـ‬s.th.); to invalidate,
refute (‫ ھـ‬a suspicion); to quash, rescind,
reverse (‫ ھـ‬a sentence) │ ‫( نقض الوالء‬walā’)
to renounce allegiance, to revolt; ‫ال ينقض‬
yunqaḍu irrefutable; incontestable,
irrevocable III to be in disagreement (‫ھـ‬
with), be contradictory, contrary, opposite
(‫ ھـ‬to), contradict (‫ ھـ‬s.th.), be
incompatible, inconsistent (‫ ھـ‬with) V to
be destroyed, be demolished, be tom
down, be wrecked, be razed; to be broken,
be violated; to be undone; to disintegrate,
decay, fall down, break down, collapse; to
disappear, wear off, fade away, die away
VI to contradict each other; to be mutually
exclusive VIII = V; to rise, mutiny, rebel,
revolt (‫ على‬against); to attack (‫ على‬s.o.),
take the field, go to war (‫ على‬against s.o.)
‫ نقض‬naqḍ destruction, demolition;
breach, violation, infringement; infraction,
offense; refutation, invalidation; veto
(pol.); contradiction, logical
incompatibility │ ‫ نقض الحكم‬n. al-ḥukm
reversal of a sentence; ‫ نقض السالم‬n. as-
salām breach of the peace; ‫محكمة النقض‬
‫ واإلبرام‬maḥkamat an-n. wa-l-ibrām Court
of Cassation (Eg.); ‫( ال يجوز نقضه‬yajūzu) (it
is) no longer open to an appeal, incapable
of revision, irrevisable, legally valid, final
(sentence); ‫ حق النقض‬ḥaqq an-n. right of
veto
‫ انقاض‬anqāḍ (pl. of ‫ نقض‬nuqḍ) debris;
rubble
‫ نقيض‬naqīḍ opposed, opposite, contrary,
antithetical, contradictory; antithesis,
opposition, contrast, opposite │ ‫على نقيض‬
contrary to, in opposition to, in
contradistinction to, unlike; ‫ على النقيض‬on
the 992 contrary; ‫انتقل من النقيض الى نقيضه‬
(intaqala) to go from one extreme to the
other, move in extremes
‫ نقيضة‬naqīḍa pl. ‫ نقائض‬naqā’iḍ2 polemic
poem; contrast
‫ مناقضة‬munāqaḍa sharp contrast,
contradiction; opposition; contestation of
a right
‫ تناقض‬tanāquḍ mutual contradiction,
incompatibility; inconsistency, contrariety
‫ انتقاض‬intiqāḍ collapse, breakdown;
uprising, revolt, rebellion
 ‫ منقوض‬manqūḍ destroyed, demolished,
wrecked; broken, violated; undone,
repealed, abrogated, annulled; refutable,
disprovable
‫ مناقض‬munāqiḍ contradictory, contrary,
incompatible, inconsistent │ ‫مناقض ذاته‬
(dātahū) self-contradictory
‫ مناقض‬mutanāqiḍ mutually
contradicting, contradictory, conflicting,
mutually incompatible; pl. ‫متناقضات‬
contrasts, contrarieties, contradictions,
oppositions
‫ نقط‬naqaṭa u (naqṭ) to point, provide with
diacritical points (‫ ھـ‬a letter) II do.; to
spot, dot, dab, stain, speckle (‫ ھـ‬s.th.); to
fall in drops, drip; to cause (‫ ھـ‬s.th.) to
drip, let (‫ ھـ‬s.th.) fall in drops, drop (‫ھـ‬
s.th.); to distribute (‫ ب‬or ‫ ھـ‬s.th.) as a
present (‫ على‬to s.o.); to give a wedding
present (la to the bride)
‫ نقطة‬nuqṭa pl. ‫ نقط‬nuqaṭ, ‫ نقاط‬niqāṭ point,
dot; diacritical point; period, full stop;
drop; jot, title, speck; trifle, tiny piece;
part (esp., of motors, of machines); matter,
affair, subject, point; detail, particular;
item; spot, location, site; place, village,
hamlet, market town
(geogr.); branch, post (adm.); base,
position, outpost (mil.); (eg.) wedding
present; ‫ النقطتان‬colon (typ.) │ ‫نقطة االتصال‬
n. al-ittiṣāl junction (of traffic lanes); O
‫ نقط االرتكاز‬fortified position, pocket of
resistance (mil.); O ‫( نقطة اساسية‬asāsīya)
key position; ‫ نقطة االستفھام‬interrogation
mark; ‫ نقطة االطفاء‬n. al-iṭfā’ or ‫نقطة المطافئ‬
fire station; ‫ نقطة البوليس‬police station,
station house; ‫ نقطة التحول‬n. at-taḥawwul
turning point, turn of events, turn of the
tide; ‫ نقطة التشحيم‬grease nipples (of motors);
‫( نقطة جمركية‬gumrukīya) customs station,
customhouse; O ‫( نقطة خارجية‬kārijīya)
outpost; ‫ نقطة الذنب‬n. ad-danab aphelion
‫ نقف‬naqf, niqf chick
(astron.); ‫ نقطة الرأس‬n. ar-ra’s perihelion
(astron.); ‫ نقطة العنبر‬n. al-‘anbar mole;
beauty spot; ‫ نقطة العين‬n. al-‘ain leucoma
(med.); O ‫ نقطة القتال‬combat area, zone of
action; ‫ داء النقطة‬epilepsy; ‫( فوز بالنقط‬fauz)
victory on points (in sports)
‫ نقوط‬nuqūṭ (syr., eg.) wedding present
to the bride
‫ نقيطة‬nuqaiṭa droplet
‫ نقاطة‬naqqāṭa dropping tube, dropper,
pipette
‫ منقوط‬manqūṭ having one (diacritical)
point; pointed, having (diacritical) points;
spotted, dotted, speckled │ ‫فصلة منقوطة‬
(faṣla) semicolon
‫ منقط‬munaqqaṭ pointed, having
(diacritical) points; spotted, dotted,
speckled
‫ نقع‬naqa‘a a (naq‘) to soak, steep (‫فى ھـ‬
s.th. in); to infuse, brew (‫ ھـ‬tea, etc.); to
slake, quench (‫ ھـ‬thirst); to stagnate, be
stagnant, gather in a pool (water) IV to
soak, macerate (‫ ھـ‬s.th. in a liquid); to
slake, quench (‫ ھـ‬thirst) X to stagnate, be
stagnant; to become impure and foul by
stagnation (water); to be swampy (ground)
‫ نقع‬naq‘ maceration, soaking, steeping;
infusion; (pl. ‫ انقع‬anqu‘) stagnant water,
quagmire, swamp, bog; (pl. ‫ نقاع‬niqā‘, ‫نقوع‬
nuqū‘) dust 993
‫ نقع‬nuqā‘a infusion
O ‫ نقاعيات‬nuqā‘īyāt infusoria
‫ نقيع‬naqī‘ infusion; that with which s.th.
is soaked or permeated; (eg.) juice
obtained from dried fruits soaked in water
‫ نقوع‬naqū‘ dried fruit, dried apricots
‫ منقع‬manqa‘ pl. ‫ مناقع‬manāqi‘2 quagmire,
swamp, bog;, sump, place where water
gathers │ ‫ منقع الدم‬m. ad-dam place of
execution
‫ منقوع‬manqū‘ macerated, soaked;
infusion
‫ مستنقع‬mustanqa‘ pl. -āt quagmire,
swamp, bog; moor, morass, marsh, fen │
‫ حمى المستنقعات‬ḥummā l-m. swamp fever,
malaria
‫ نقل‬naqala u (naql) to move from its place,
move away, displace (‫ ھـ‬s.th.); to remove,
take away, carry away, carry, transport (
‫ الى ھـ‬s.th. to); to transfer, transplant, shift,
translocate, relocate (‫ ه‬،‫ الى‬... ‫ ھـ من‬s.o.,
s.th. from ... to); to transmit, convey,
communicate, bring, deliver, make overt
pass on, hand over (‫ الى ه‬s.th. to s.o.); to
remove, dismiss (‫ ه‬s.o.); to move, remove
(‫ الى‬to); to copy (‫ من‬from); to translate ( ‫من‬
‫ الى‬... from one language into the other); to
hand down, pass on, report, relate (‫الى ھـ‬
s.th. to s.o., ‫ عن‬from, or baaed. on, s.o. or
a source); to quote (‫ عن‬an author or a
literary work); to render (‫ ھـ‬a text); to
enter, post (‫ ھـ‬an item; in bookkeeping); to
communicate, spread (‫ الى ھـ‬a disease to
s.o.), infect (‫ ھـ الى‬s.o. with); to transfer,
assign, convey, cede (‫ الى ھـ‬s.th., esp. a
right, to s.o.) II to move, move away,
displace, move on, move forward,
advance, transport, move about, let
wander, let roam (‫ ھـ‬s.th., esp., a great deal
of s.th. or a great number of things, s.th.
successively, one thing after the other) │
‫( نقل خطاه‬kuṭāhu) to stride along, move
along III to exchange (‫ ھـ ه‬with s.o.
words); to cast, shoot (‫ ھـ ه‬at s.o. glances);
to report (‫ ھـ ه‬to s.o., s.th.), inform (‫ ھـ ه‬s.o.
of); to hand, pass (‫ ھـ ه‬to s.o. s.th.) V to be
carried, be carried away, be removed, be
transported; to be transferred, be
conveyed, be assigned; O to be
transmitted (by radio); to shift, change its
locality; to change one’s residence,
remove, go elsewhere; to change position
(mil.); to move about; to walk about; to
rove, roam, migrate, wander, travel about
│ ‫( تناقل في منازل البالغة‬m. al-balāga) to be
versed in rhetoric VI to carry, transport (‫ھـ‬
s.th.); to report to one another, relate or
tell each other (‫ ھـ‬s.th.); to exchange (‫ھـ‬
s.th.); to spread, report, relate (‫ ھـ‬a story,
etc.), pass on, hand down (‫ ھـ‬s.th.); to
spread by word of mouth (‫ ھـ‬s.th.) │ ‫تناقلته‬
‫( األلسن‬alsun) to pass from mouth to
mouth, be on everybody’s lips, be the talk
of the town; ‫( تناقلته األيدي‬aidī) to pass from
hand to hand, change hands; ‫تناقلت الجرائد‬
‫( الخبر‬kabara) the report was taken up by
the entire press; ‫( تناقل الكالم‬kalama) to talk
with one another, have a talk VIII to be
carried, be carried away, be removed, be
transported; to be transferred, be
conveyed, be assigned; O to be
transmitted (by radio); to shift, change its
locality; to change one’s residence,
remove, go elsewhere; to change position
(mil.); to walk about; to rove, roam,
migrate, wander, travel about; to be
transferred (official); to be turned over, be
delivered, be transferred (ship); to be
communicated (disease), spread (‫ الى‬to); to
be spread, circulate, make the rounds
(rumor); to be transplanted (‫ الى‬into or to);
to move, move along, travel; 994 to
betake o.s., proceed, go, take the road (‫الى‬
to). head (‫ الى‬for), turn (‫ الى‬to); to apply
o.s., turn (‫ الى‬to a field of interest); to turn,
make a turn (‫ الى‬into another street; of an
automobile); to pass (‫ من‬from one owner
‫ الى‬to the other); O to be propagated,
spread (waves, etc.; ‫ الى‬to, occasionally
also ‫ ;)في‬O to jump across (el. spark); to
shift (from attack to defense); to go away,
depart (‫ من‬and ‫ عن‬from), leave a place (‫من‬
and ‫ ;)عن‬to go around (‫ في‬in or among),
make the round (‫ في‬of), visit (one after the
other) │ ‫ انتقل به الى‬to shift, translocate,
relocate s.th. to; ‫( انتقل الى رحمة ﷲ‬raḥmati
llāh) lit.: to pass away into God’s mercy,
i.e., to die; ‫( انتقل الى جوار ربه‬j. rabbihī) lit.:
to be transferred into the presence of the
Lord, i.e., to die, pass away
‫ نقل‬naql carrying, carriage; conveyance,
transportation, transport; removal;
translocation, relocation, transplantation;
transfer (also, e.g., of an official); change
of residence, move, remove; transmission
(also by radio); translation; transcription,
transcript, copy; tradition; report, account;
entry, posting (in an account book);
conveyance, transfer, assignment, cession
│ ‫ نقال عن‬based on, according to; ‫ نقل الدم‬n.
ad-dam and ‫ نقل الدماء‬blood transfusion; O
‫ نقل الصور بالالسلكي‬n. aṣ-ṣuwar bi-l-lā-silkī
radio-photography; ‫ نقل ميكانيكي‬motor
transport (of passengers and cargoes); ‫اجرة‬
‫ النقل‬ujrat an-n. cartage, carriage, freight;
‫ سيارة النقل‬sayyārat an-n. truck, lorry; ‫معالم‬
‫ النقل‬transfer fees, assignment fees; ‫وسائل‬
‫ النقل‬means of transportation, conveyances
‫ نقلي‬naqlī traditionary, traditional; of or
pertaining to transportation, transport- (in
compounds) │ ‫( سيارة نقلية‬sayyāra) truck,
lorry
‫ نقليات‬naqlīyāt transport services,
transportation system, transportation;
transports
│ ‫‘( نقليات عسكرية‬askarīya) troop
transports
 ‫ نقل‬naql, nuql pl. ‫ نقول‬nuqūl candied
almonds or nuts, candy, sweets, dried
fruits, etc., as a dessert
‫ نقل‬naqal rubble, debris
‫ نقلة‬nuqla migration
‫ نقلة‬nuqla pl. ‫ نقل‬nuqal gossip; pattern,
model
‫ نقال‬naqqāl portable, transportable
‫ نقالة‬naqqāla pl. -āt stretcher;
ambulance; transport, transport vessel;
truck, lorry
‫ نقيل‬naqīl (yem.) mountain trail, defile,
pass
‫ منقل‬manqal and ‫ منقل‬manqala pl. ‫مناقل‬
manāqil2 brazier
‫ منقلة‬manqala a day’s march; way
station, stopping place; O protractor
‫ تنقل‬tanaqqul change of locality; change
of residence; (mil.) change of position,
station or garrison; traveling, roving,
roaming, wandering, migration;
conveyance, transportation, transport;
transmission (radio); transfer; reshuffle,
shake-up, reorganization, change of
personnel; regrouping, shifting,
rearrangement
‫ انتقال‬intiqāl change of locality;
locomotion; change of residence, move,
remove, removal; translocation,
relocation; transfer; conveyance,
transportation, transport; transition (– ‫من‬
‫ الى‬from -- to); transmission;
communication, infection; transit, passage
(of the sun through the zodiac); demise,
death │ ‫ طور االنتقال‬ṭaur al-int. transition
period; ‫ فترة االنتقال‬fatrat al-int. interim
period, interim stage, stage of transition;
‫‘ عيد انتقال العذراء‬īd int. al-‘adrā’ Day of the
Assumption of the Virgin (Chr.) 995
‫ انتقالي‬intiqālī: ‫‘( عھد انتقالي‬ahd) transition
period
‫ ناقل‬nāqil pl. -ūn, ‫ نقلة‬naqala, ‫ نقال‬nuqqāl
carrying; carrier; bearer; translator;
copyist; -- conductor (el.) │ ‫ ناقل السرعة‬n.
as-sur‘a gear-shift lever (of an
automobile)
‫ ناقلة‬nāqila pl. -āt transport, transport
vessel │ ‫ ناقلة البترول‬n. al-betrōl and ‫ناقلة‬
‫ الزيت‬n. az-zait tanker; ‫ ناقلة الجنود‬troop-
ship, transport; ‫ ناقلة الطائرات‬aircraft carrier
‫ ناقلية‬nāqilīya conductivity (el.)
‫ منقول‬manqūl carried, conveyed,
transported; transferred; transmitted;
translated; copied, transcribed; movable,
mobile, portable; handed down,
traditional; traditional stock; (pl. -āt) a
movable thing │ ‫ منقوالت‬or (‫اموال )امالك‬
‫ منقولة‬movable property, movables, effects,
personal property; ‫ منقوالت المنزل‬m. al-
manzil household furniture, household
effects
‫ متنقل‬mutanaqqil movable, mobile;
portable; ambulant, itinerant, migrant,
roving, roaming; nomad; inconstant,
changing │ ‫( مستشفى منتقل‬mustašfā)
temporary field hospital, ambulance
‫ منتقل‬muntaqil ambulatory; movable,
mobile; contagious, infectious,
communicable │ ‫ األعياد المنتقلة‬the movable
feasts; ‫‘( علة منتقلة‬illa) contagious disease
‫ نقم‬naqama i (naqm) and naqima a (naqam) to
revenge o.s., avenge o.s., take revenge (‫من‬
on s.o.), take vengeance; to be hostile (‫على‬
to), be full of rancor or vindictiveness,
have a spite, be resentful (‫ على‬against s.o.),
be mad, angry (‫ على‬at s.o., ‫ ھـ‬for, because
00; to hate, loathe, detest (‫ على‬s.o.); to
hold s.th. (‫ )ھـ‬against s.o. (‫ )على‬VIII to
revenge o.s., avenge o.s. take revenge (‫من‬
on); to take vengeance (‫ ل‬for)
‫ نقمة‬naqma revenge, vengeance; rancor,
spite, grudge, resentment; misfortune,
adversity, punishment, trial, affliction,
heavy blow; retribution
‫ نقمة‬niqma, naqima pl. ‫ نقم‬niqam, ‫نقمات‬
niqamāt revenge, vengeance; rancor,
spite, grudge, resentment; misfortune,
adversity, punishment, trial, affliction,
heavy blow
‫ انتقام‬intiqām revenge, vengeance
‫ ناقم‬nāqim avenger; hostile (‫ على‬to);
indignant, angry (‫ على‬at or about)
‫ منتقم‬muntaqim avenger; vindictive,
revengeful
1
‫ نقنق‬naqnaqa to croak (frog); to cackle, cluck
(hen); to gnaw, nibble
2
‫ نقانق‬naqāniq2 small mutton sausages (syr.) mocker, scoffer
‫ نقه‬naqaha a (‫ نقوه‬nuqūh) and naqiha a (naqah)
to be on the road to recovery, to
convalesce; to recover, recuperate (‫من‬
from) VIII do.
‫ نقه‬naqah and ‫ نقھة‬naqha recovery,
convalescence
‫ نقه‬naqih recovering, convalescent
‫ نقاھة‬naqāha recovery, convalescence │
‫ دار النقاھة‬rest center, convalescent home
‫ ناقه‬nāqih a convalescent
(‫ نقو‬and ‫ نقي( نقي‬naqiya a (‫ نقاء‬naqā’, ‫نقاوة‬
naqāwa, nuqāwa) to be pure II to purify,
cleean, cleanse (‫ ھـ‬s.th.); to rid of
extraneous matter (‫ ھـ‬s.th.); to &elect, pick
out, cull, sift, sort (‫ ھـ‬s.th.); to hand-pick (
‫ ھـ‬s.th.) IV to purify, clean, cleanse (‫ھـ‬
s.th.) VIII to pick out, select (‫ ھـ‬s.th.)
‫ نقاء‬naqā’ purity
‫ نقاوة‬naqāwa, nuqāwa purity; O
fineness (of a precious metal); selection,
culling; elite; pick, best
‫ نقاية‬nuqāya selection, elite, pick 996 .Li:ll ifIJiqij' eel.ction I 0 .Li::l)ll Jo
J naqly pl. .W "iqd', .\,.ill aRqiyil" 'Jol'

pure, clean, imm&CWate, unstained i (q'Ild,a) eel.ctivity (radic)

clear, .;::... m"fIJaqa" eel.cted; eelect
limpid, free of dirt or .xtraneous matter ts:.; Ral:a'a a (s.!ll Rak') to scrape the
~ taRqiya cleaning, cle&lllling, purifl. scab

cation; sifting, BOrting (. off a wound)

pun, play on wards; the point of a joke ..,.s:.; Ral:aba " (Ra.l:l>, Ral:ab) to
I make un·

0:::.11 ~l.- quick.witted, quick at happy, miserabl., aftlict, distress (. s.a.;

repartee of fate); to drop (. s.th.); to put (. s.a.)
.;,15::; Rakkdt witty; humoroua, out of favor; - (y~ ""k/lb) to blow
piquant;
sid.ways; to veer, shift (wind); -
(Ra.l:l>,
""k/lb) to d.viate, sw.rv. (.:r from, esp.,
from a path, road, route, courae) II to
avert, divert, deBect, tum away,
remove
(. s.th.) V to d.viate, swerve (. or .:r
from); to avoid, shun, eschew (A or .:r
s.th.); to refrain (.:r from), steer clear
 (.:r of); to take upon one's should....
ta shoulder, take upon o.8., assume (A
s.th.) l.:r "'! ..,.s:::; to make s.o. d.viate
or
swerve from
..,.s:.; Ral:b pl. y ~ "dub and ~
Rakba pl. Ral:aMt misfortune,
calamity;
disaster, catastrophe
‫ منكب‬mankib pl. ‫ مناكب‬manākib2
shoulder; side, flank; highland, upland │
‫( دفع بمنكبيه الھواء‬mankibaihi, hawā’)
approx.: to race along, dash along
‫ منكوب‬mankūb fate-stricken, afflicted
with disaster; unhappy, unfortunate, ill-
fated, miserable; victim (of a catastrophe)
‫ نكت‬nakata u (nakt) to scratch up (‫ ھـ‬the
ground) II to crack jokes (‫ على‬about s.o.),
poke fun (‫ على‬at), ridicule (‫ على‬s.o.)
‫ نكتة‬nukta pl. ‫ نكت‬nukat, ‫ نكات‬nikāt jot,
title, speck, spot; witty remark, witticism,
wisecrack, joke; anecdote; pun, play on
words; the point of joke │ ‫حاضر النكتة‬
quick-witted, quick at repartee
‫ نكات‬nakkāt witty; humorous, piquant;
mocker, scoffer
‫ تنكيت‬tankīt chaffing, legpulling;
teasing, banter, raillery, mockery; joking,
jesting, fun-making
‫ منكت‬munakkit mocker, scoffer
‫ نكث‬nakata u i (nakt) to break, violate, infringe
(‫ ھـ‬a contract or similar legal obligation)
VIII to be broken, be violated
‫ نكث‬nakt breach, violation (of a
contract, etc.)
‫ ناكث‬nākit perfidious, faithless, false,
disloyal
‫ نكح‬nakaḥa u i a (‫ نكاح‬nikāḥ) to marry (‫ ھا‬a
woman), get married (‫ ھا‬with) III to
become related by marriage (‫ ه‬to s.o.) IV
to give in marriage (‫ ھا ه‬to s.o. a girl)
‫ نكاح‬nikāḥ marriage; marriage contract;
matrimony, wedlock
‫ مناكح‬manākiḥ2 (pl.) women
‫ نكد‬nakida a (nakad) to be hard, harsh,
difficult; to be unhappy, miserable; --
nakada u (nakd) to give little (‫ ه‬to s.o.); to
torment, pester, molest (‫ ه‬s.o.) II to make
life hard, difficult, miserable (‫ ه‬for s.o.),
embitter s.o.’s (‫ )ه‬life III to torment,
harass, pester, molest (‫ ه‬s.o.) V to be made
miserable, be embittered (life)
‫ نكد‬nakd pl. ‫ انكاد‬ankād misfortune;
hardship, adversity; molestation, trouble,
nuisance; worry, concern │ ‫نكد الطالع‬
misfortune
‫ نكد‬nakid pl. ‫ انكاد‬ankād, ‫ مناكيد‬manākīd2
hard, troublesome, laborious; unhappy;
peevish, cross, bad-tempered
‫ انكد‬ankad2 troublesome, painful,
excruciating 997
‫ مناكدة‬munākada pl. -āt inconvenience,
discomfort, trouble, burden
‫ منكود‬mankūd unhappy, unfortunate; ill-
fated │ ‫ منكود الحظ‬m. al-ḥaẓẓ pl. ‫مناكيد الحظ‬
manākīd al-ḥ. ill-starred, unlucky,
unfortunate
‫ نكر‬nakira u (nakar, nukr, ‫ نكور‬nukūr, ‫نكير‬
nakīr) not to know (‫ ه‬،‫ ھـ‬s.o., s.th.), have
no knowledge, be ignorant (‫ ھـ‬of s.th.); to
deny, disown, disavow, renege (‫ ھـ‬s.th.) II
to disguise, mask (‫ ه‬s.o.); to use in its
indefinite form (‫ ھـ‬a noun; gram.) III to
disapprove (‫ ه‬of s.o.), reject (‫ه ه‬s.o.) IV to
pretend not to know (‫ ه‬s.o.), refuse to have
anything to do (‫ ه‬،‫ ھـ‬with s.o., with s.th.);
to refuse to acknowledge, disown,
disavow, disclaim, deny (‫ ھـ‬s.th.); to
renounce, renege (‫ ھـ‬s.th.); to refuse, deny
(‫ على ھـ‬s.th. to s.o.), dispute, contest (‫على ھـ‬
s.th. of s.o.); to reject (‫ على ھـ‬s.th. with
regard to s.o.), disapprove (‫ على ھـ‬of s.th.
with regard to s.o.); to censure, blame,
rebuke (‫ على ه‬s.o. for), criticize (‫ من ھـ‬s.th.
in s.o.); to hold s.th. (‫ )ھـ‬against s.o. (‫)على‬,
reproach (‫ ھـ على‬s.o. for) │ ‫انكر ذاته‬
(dātahū) to deny o.s. ; ‫( انكر نفسه‬nafsahū)
to harbor self-doubts; ‫ انكرت اني اراه‬I
pretended not to see him V to be in
disguise, be disguised, disguise o.s.; to
change for the worse, change beyond
recognition; to become estranged, be
alienated (‫ ل‬from s.th.); to .nub (‫ ل‬s.o.),
treat (‫ ل‬s.o.) with hostility, deal
ungraciously (‫ ل‬with s.o.); to deny o.s. (‫ل‬,
e.g., a feeling), shut out from one’s heart (
‫ ل‬s.th.) VI to have no knowledge, be
ignorant (‫ ھـ‬of s.th.); to pretend not to
know (‫ ھـ‬s.th.), feign ignorance, make as if
one doesn’t know; to refuse to have
anything to do (‫ ه‬with), snub, cut, ignore,
pretend not to know (‫ ه‬s.o.) X not to know
(‫ ه‬،‫ ھـ‬s.o., s.th.), have no knowledge, be
ignorant (‫ ھـ‬of s.th.); to disapprove (‫ ھـ‬of
s.th.), reject (‫ ھـ‬s.th,); to detect, loathe (‫ھـ‬
s.th.)
‫ نكر‬nukr denial, disavowal
‫ نكر‬nakir unknown, little known
‫ نكرة‬nakira indefinite noun (gram.);
‫ نكز‬nakaza u (nakz) to prick; to goad, egg on (‫ه‬
unknown person
‫ نكران‬nukrān denial │ ‫ ال نكران‬lā
‫ نكس‬nakasa u (naks) to turn around, turn over,
nukrāna it is incontestable; ‫نكران الجميل‬
ingratitude; ‫ نكران الذات‬self-denial
‫ نكير‬nakīr denial, disavowal;
disapproval, rejection; negation;
reprehensible, repugnant, disgusting, vile,
revolting, loathsome, abominable,
atrocious; one of the Angels of Death (see
‫( منكر( │ شد عليه النكير‬šadda) to reproach
s.o. severely
‫ انكر‬ankar2, f. ‫ نكراء‬nakrā’
reprehensible, abominable, disgusting,
vile, revolting, loathsome │ ‫ابتسامة نكراء‬
vicious smile
‫ انكار‬inkār denial, disavowal, negation,
contestation; refusal, rejection, non-
acceptance │ ‫ انكار الذات‬self-denial,
selflessness, unselfishness; ‫( انكار لجميله‬li-
jamīlihī) ingratitude toward s.o.
‫ انكاري‬inkārī denying, disaffirmative;
negative
‫ تنكر‬tanakkur disguise, masquerade │
‫ محفل التنكر‬maḥfil at-t. fancy-dress party,
costume ball
‫ تنكري‬tanakkurī: ‫( حفل تنكري‬ḥafl)
masked ball, costume ball
‫ استنكار‬istinkār disapproval; horror,
aversion, loathing
‫ ناكر‬nākir denying, disavowing;
unfriendly, hostile, forbidding │ ‫ناكر الجميل‬
ungrateful
‫ منكر‬munakkar indeterminate; indefinite
(gram.)
‫ منكر‬munkar denied; not recognized,
unacknowledged, disowned, disavowed,
disclaimed; disagreeable, shocking,
detestable, abominable; abomination,
atrocity; pl. ‫ منكرات‬objectionable,
forbidden, 998 or reprehensible, actions │
‫ منكر ونكير‬the two angels who examine the
dead in their graves as to their faith
‫ متنكر‬mutanakkir disguised, in disguise;
incognito │ ‫( رقص متنكر‬raqṣ) masked ball,
costume ball
‫ مستنكر‬mustankar objectionable,
reprehensible; odd, strange
s.o.)
invert, reverse, turn upside down
(‫ ھـ‬s.th.); to lower, withdraw, retract,
pull in (‫ ھـ‬s.th.); to bow, bend, tilt (‫رأسه‬
ra’sahū or ‫ برأسه‬one’s head); to cause a
relapse (‫ ھـ‬of an illness); pass. nukisa, to
suffer a relapse II = I; to hang at half-mast
(‫ ھـ‬a flag) VIII to be turned over, be
inverted, be reversed; to sink, drop
forward (head); to relapse, suffer a relapse
 ‫ نكس‬nuks and ‫ نكسة‬naksa relapse;
degeneration, degeneracy; decadence
‫ تنكس‬tanakkus degeneration (biol.)
‫ انتكاس‬intikās relapse
‫ منكوس‬mankūs inverted, reversed;
relapsing, suffering a relapse
‫ منكس‬munakkas inverted, reversed │
‫ منكس الرأس‬m. ar-ra’s with bowed head
‫ منتكس‬muntakis relapsing, suffering a
relapse
‫ نكش‬nakaša i a (nakš) to clear out, dredge,
clean (‫ ھـ‬s.th., esp., a well); to stir up, rout
up, turn up, hoe up, rake up, dig up, break
(‫ ھـ‬the ground); to rummage, ransack,
search (‫ ھـ‬s.th.); to disorder, ruffle, tousle,
dishevel (‫ ھـ‬s.th.); to shake (‫ ھـ‬trees)
‫ نكه‬nakaha i u (nakh) to blow, breathe (‫ على‬or
‫ منكش‬minkaš pl. ‫ مناكش‬manākiš hoe,
mattock; rake
‫ منكاش‬minkāš pl. ‫ مناكيش‬manākīš2 O
dredger; poker, fire iron; (eg.) pickax
‫ نكى‬nakā i (‫ نكاية‬nihāya) to cause damage, to
‫ نكص‬nakaṣa i u (nakṣ, ‫ نكوص‬nukūṣ, ‫منكص‬
mankaṣ) to withdraw, turn away (‫عن‬
from); to recoil, shrink (‫ عن‬from) │ ‫نكص‬
‫‘( على عقبيه‬aqibaihi) to retreat, climb
down, give up one’s intention II to cause (
‫ ه‬s.o.) to retreat VIII to fall back, recoil,
retreat
‫ نكف‬nakafa u (nakf) to stop, arrest (‫ ھـ‬s.th.); to
disdain, scorn, spurn (‫ عن‬s.th.); to
reject (‫ عن‬s.th.) │ ‫( ال ينكف‬yunkafu)
irresistible, resistles8; immeasurable,
unfathomable III to vex, annoy, trouble,
1
pester, harass, torment (‫ ه‬s.o., ‫ ھـ‬with) X to
be proud, haughty; to disdain, scorn,
spurn, reject (‫ عن‬or ‫ من‬s.th.), look down
upon (‫ عن‬or ‫)من‬, have an aversion (‫ عن‬or
‫ من‬to), loathe, detest (‫ عن‬or ‫ من‬s.th., also
‫ ;)ھـ‬to refrain (‫ ان‬from doing s.th.)
‫ نكفة‬nakafa parotid gland
‫ نكفي‬nakafī parotid (adj.) │ ‫التھاب الغدة‬
‫( النكفية‬gudda) inflammation of the parotid
gland, parotitis, mumps (med.)
‫ نكاف‬nukāf O parotitis, mumps (med.)
1 ‫ نمام‬nammām (eg.) a variety of mint
‫ نكل‬nakala i u (‫ نكول‬nukūl) and nakila a
(nakal) to recoil, shrink (‫ من‬or ‫ عن‬from),
flinch, shirk (‫ من‬or ‫ عن‬s.th.), desist,
refrain, abstain, draw back, withdraw (‫من‬
or ‫ عن‬from); -- nakala (‫ نكلة‬nakla) and II to
make an example (‫ ب‬of s.o.), punish
severely (‫ ب‬s.o.), teach s.o. (‫ )ب‬a lesson;
to maltreat, torture (‫ ب‬s.o.) II and IV to
repel, force back, drive back, hold off,
deter (‫ عن ه‬s.o. from)
‫ نكل‬nikl pl. ‫ انكال‬ankāl, ‫ نكول‬nukūl fetter,
shackle, chain; bit (of a bridle)
‫ نكال‬nakāl exemplary punishment,
warning example, warning
‫ نكول‬nukūl refusal to testify in court
(Isl. Law)
‫ تنكيل‬tankīl exemplary punishment;
forcing back, driving back. containment;
maltreatment, torture 999
2
‫ نكل‬nikl nickel
‫ ل‬in s.o.’s face)
‫ نكھة‬nakha smell of the breath;
fragrance, smell, scent, aroma
harm; to hurt, injure (‫ في‬or ‫ ه‬s.o.); to vex,
annoy, offend (‫ ب‬s.o.)
‫ نكاية‬nikāya wrong, harm, damage,
prejudice; vexation, annoyance, grievance,
offense, outrage, chicanery │ ‫نكاية فيه‬
nikāyatan fīhi in defiance of him, to spite
him; ‫( اغلظ فيه النكاية‬aglaẓa, nikāya) to beset
s.o. grievously, ride roughshod over s.o.
‫ انكى‬ankā worse; causing more damage,
more harmful, hurting or offending more
grievously
‫ نم‬namma u i (namm) to betray, reveal,
disclose, bespeak, indicate, show (‫ على‬or
‫ عن‬s.th.); to give evidence (‫ عن‬of s.th.); to
report in a libelous manner (‫ على ھـ‬s.th.
about s.o.), sow dissension (‫ بين‬among or
between)
‫ نم‬namm slander, calumniation,
calumny; (pl. -ūn, ‫ انماء‬animmā’2)
talebearer, scandalmonger, slanderer,
calumniator
‫ نمة‬nimma louse
(Mentha sativa L.; bot.)
‫ نمام‬nammām slanderer, calumniator
 ‫ نميمة‬namīma pl. ‫ نمائم‬namā’im2 slander,
defamation, calumny ‫ نمسا‬nimsā, ‫ النمسا‬an-nimsā Austria
‫ نامة‬nāmma stir, bustle, life
2
‫ نمي‬nummī pl. -āt coin │ ‫‘ علم النميات‬ilm an-n.
numismatics
‫ نموذج‬look up alphabetically
1
‫ نمر‬V to become angry, furious (‫ ل‬with s.o.),
turn into a tiger; to bluster, swagger
‫ نمر‬namir pl. ‫ نمر‬numur, ‫ انمار‬anmār
leopard; tiger
‫ نمر‬namir clean, pure, healthy,
wholesome (esp., water)
‫ نمرة‬namira leopardess; tigress
‫ نمرة‬numra pl. ‫ نمر‬numar speck, spot
‫ انمر‬anmar2, f. ‫ نمراء‬namrā’2, pl. ‫نمر‬
numr spotted, striped, brindled
‫ منمر‬munammar spotted, striped,
brindled
2
‫ نمر‬II to mark with numbers, to number,
provide with a number (‫ ھـ‬s.th.)
‫ نمرة‬numra, nimra pl. ‫ نمر‬numar, nimar
number, numero; figure │ ‫ نمرة واحد‬nimrat
w. first-class, first-rate, A-1, excellent
‫ نمارة‬nammāra pl. -āt numberer,
numbering machine, date stamp
‫ تنمير‬tanmīr numbering, numeration,
count
‫ منمر‬munammar numbered, counted
‫ نمرسي‬numrusī pl. ‫ نمارسة‬namārisa (eg.)
chinaware dealer
‫ نمرق‬numruq and ‫ نمرقة‬numruqa pl. ‫نمارق‬
namāriq2 cushion, pad; pillow; panel,
saddle pad
‫ نمس‬namasa i (nams) to keep secret, hide,
conceal (‫ ھـ‬s.th.); to confide a secret (‫ ه‬to
s.o.), confide in s.o. (‫)ه‬, let (‫ ه‬s.o.) in on a
secret, make (‫ ه‬s.o.) one’s confidant III to
confide a secret (‫ ه‬to s.o.)
‫ نمس‬nims (coll.; n. un. ‫ )ة‬pl. ‫نموس‬
numūs ichneumon, mongoose; ferret,
marten, weasel
2
‫ ناموس‬nāmūs pl. ‫ نواميس‬nawāmīs sly,
cunning, wily; confidant; (coll.; n. un. ‫)ة‬
mosquito(es); see also alphabetically │
‫ الناموس األكبر‬the Archangel Gabriel
‫ ناموسية‬nāmūsīya mosquito net 1000
‫ نمساوي‬nimsāwī Austrian (adj. and n.)
‫ نمش‬namiša a (namaš) to be freckled, have
freckles
‫ نمش‬namaš (cols.; n. un. ‫ )ة‬freckles;
discolored spots on the skin
‫ نمش‬namiš freckled
‫ انمش‬anmaš2, f. ‫ نمشاء‬namšā’2, pl. ‫نمش‬
numš freckled
‫ نمط‬namaṭ pl. ‫ نماط‬nimāṭ, ‫ انماط‬anmāṭ way,
manner, mode, fashion; form, shape; sort,
kind │ ‫ على نمط‬in the manner of; ‫على ھذا‬
‫ النمط‬in this manner, this way, after this
fashion; ‫ حديث النمط‬new-fashioned, modem;
‫ عتيق النمط‬old-fashioned, outmoded; ‫ھم على‬
‫ نمط واحد‬they are of the same stamp, they
are all alike
‫ نمطي‬namaṭ formal, rigid, stiff
‫ نمق‬II to embellish, decorate, ornament, adorn
(‫ ھـ‬s.th.); to write in an elegant, lofty style
(‫ ھـ‬s.th.); to compose (‫ ھـ‬a text)
‫ تنميق‬tanmīq ornamentation,
embellishment; glorification, exaltation,
ago grandizement; elaborate
embellishment (with figures of speech);
composition (of a text, in elegant style)
‫ منمق‬munammaq adorned, embellished;
elegant, in good style, ornate, flowery
(text, language)
‫ نمل‬namila a (namal) to tingle, prickle, be
numb, be benumbed (a limb)
‫ نمل‬naml (cols.; n. un. ‫ )ة‬pl. ‫ نمال‬nimāl
ant
‫ نمل‬namlī antlike; ant- (in compounds);
formic
‫ نملية‬namlīya meat safe, food safe
‫ نمل‬namal itching, tickling sensation;
tingle, prickle, pricking sensation
‫ نمل‬namil creeping, crawling; teeming
with ants; nimble, deft
‫ نمل‬anmula pl. ‫ انامل‬anāmil2 fingertip
‫ تنميل‬tanmīl itching, tickling sensation;
tingle, prickle, pricking sensation
‫ منمول‬manmūl teeming with ants
‫ نمنم‬namnama to stripe, streak (‫ ھـ‬s.th.); to
adorn, embellish, ornament (‫ ھـ‬s.th.)
‫ نمنم‬nimnim streaks or ripples in the
sand (caused by the wind)
‫ نمنمة‬namnama, nimnima wren (zoo.)
O ‫ منمنمة‬munamnama miniature
‫ )نما )نمو‬namā u (‫ نمو‬numuw) to grow; to
increase; to rise
‫ نمو‬numuw growth; progress
‫ نموذج‬namūdaj, numūdaj pl. -āt and ‫نماذج‬
namādij2 model; type; pattern; sample,
specimen; exemplar, example; blank, form
‫ نموذجي‬namūdajī exemplary, model
‫ نمى‬namā i (namy, ‫ نماء‬namā, ‫نمية‬
namīya) to grow; to increase, augment,
multiply; to rise; to progress, make
progress, advance; to thrive, prosper,
flourish; to be ascribed, be attributed (‫الى‬
to s.o.); to ascribe, attribute (‫ الى ھـ‬s.th. to
s.o.); to be told, be reported (‫ الى‬to s.o.; of
an event), reach (‫ الى‬s.o.; news), come to
s.o.’s knowledge II and IV to make grow,
increase, augment, promote, further,
advance (‫ ھـ‬s.th,)VIII to trace one’s origin
(‫ الى‬to s.o.), descend, be descended (‫الى‬
from), be related (‫ الى‬to); to be affiliated,
be associated, have connections (‫ الى‬with);
to depend, be dependent (‫ الى‬on); to
belong (‫ الى‬to, esp., to an organization), be
a member (‫ الى‬of an organization)
‫ نماء‬namā’ growth, expansion, increase,
augmentation, increment, accretion
‫ نمي‬namīy growth, expansion, increase,
augmentation, increment, accretion 1001
‫ نماة‬namāh pl. small louse
‫ تنمية‬tanmiya expansion, promotion,
furtherance, advancement; increase,
augmentation; raising, stepping up,
intensification, boost
‫ انماء‬inmā’ expansion, promotion,
furtherance, advancement, increase,
augmentation; raising, stepping up,
intensification, boost; cultivation,
breeding (of plants)
‫ انتماء‬intimā’ membership
‫ نامية‬nāmiya pl. ‫ نوام‬nawāmin growth;
morbid growth, morbid formation,
excrescence, tumor (med.) │ ‫النوامي‬
‫( السرطانية‬saraṭānīya) cancerous
formations (med.)
‫ منتم‬muntamin belonging, pertaining
‫ منتمى‬muntaman descent, origin,
relationship, affiliation. membership
‫ نھب‬nahaba a u and nahiba a (nahb) to
plunder, rifle, take by force (‫ ھـ‬s.th.) │ ‫نھب‬
nahaba l-arḍa and ‫( نھب الطريق‬ṭarīqa) to
cover the distance (‫ الى‬to) quickly or at
tremendous speed IV to let (‫ ه‬s.o.) rifle (‫ھـ‬
s.th.); to leave, surrender as booty (‫ ھـ ه‬to
s.o. s.th.) VI to grip, seize (‫ ھـ‬the soul, the
heart) │ ‫( تناھب األرض عدوا‬arḍa ‘adwan) to
race along at a tearing pace VIII to grip,
seize (‫ ھـ‬the soul, the heart); to rifle,
snatch away (‫ ھـ‬s.th.); to take in eagerly,
devour (‫ ھـ‬s.th.; said of the eyes) │ ‫انتھب‬
‫( الطريق‬ṭarīqa) to cover the distance (‫الى‬
to) quickly or at tremendous speed
‫ نھب‬nahb robbery, plundering, pillage,
looting, spoliation; gallop; (pl. ‫ نھاب‬nihāb)
plunder, spoils, booty, loot; ‫ نھبا‬nahban by
robbery
‫ نھبة‬nuhba booty, plunder, spoils, loot
‫ نھبى‬nuhbā booty, plunder, spoils, loot
‫ نھاب‬nahhāb robber; plunderer,
marauder, looter
‫ نھبرة‬nahbura abyss; hell
‫ نھج‬nahaja a (nahj) to proceed, act; to enter (‫ھـ‬
upon a road), take (‫ ھـ‬a route or course),
follow, pursue (‫ ھـ‬a way, a road); to make
clear, clarify (‫ ھـ‬s.th.); to be open, plain,
distinct; -- nahaja i and nahija a (nahaj)
to be out of breath, gasp for breath, pant │
‫( نھج خطة‬kiṭṭatan) to pursue a plan; to
assume an attitude; ‫نھج على منواله‬
(minwālihī) to follow s.o.’s example II to
put out of breath, make breathless, cause
to pant (‫ ه‬s.o.) IV do.; to be clear (matter,
affair); to make clear, clarify, explain (‫ھـ‬
s.th.) VIII to enter (‫ ھـ‬upon a road), take (
‫ ھـ‬a route or course), follow, pursue (‫ ھـ‬a
way, a road) │ ‫( انھج سبيله‬sabīlahū) and X
‫ استنھج سبيله‬to follow s.o.’s example, follow
s.o.’s footsteps, imitate s.o.
‫ نھج‬nahj pl. ‫ نھوج‬nuhūj open way; road;
method, procedure, manner │ ‫نھج نھجه‬
(nahjahū) to follow s.o.’s method; ‫النھج‬
 ‫ القويم‬the straight path, the right way, the
proper manner
‫ نھج‬nahaj quick breathing, panting;
breathlessness
‫ نھيج‬nahīj quick breathing, panting;
breathlessness
‫ ناھج‬nāhij open, plain road
‫ منھج‬manhaj, minhaj pl. ‫ مناھج‬manāhij2
open, plain, easy road; manner, procedure,
method; program; course │ ‫منھج التعليم‬
curriculum; ‫ مناھج البحث‬m. al-baht
methodology of research, research
methods
‫ منھاج‬minhāj pl. ‫ مناھيج‬manāhīj way,
road; method; program
‫ نھد‬nahada a u (‫ نھود‬nuhūd) to become
round and full, swell (breasts); to be
buxom, have round, swelling breasts V to
sigh VI to share the expenses; to distribute
among each other in equal shares (‫ ھـ‬s.th.)
1002
‫ نھد‬nahd pl. ‫ نھود‬nuhūd female breast,
bosom; elevation, rise, hump, bump
‫ تنھد‬tanahhud pl. -āt sigh
‫ ناھد‬nāhid full, round, swelling (breast);
in the bloom of youth; buxom
‫ نھر‬nahara a (nahr) to flow copiously, stream
forth, gush forth; to chide, scold, reproach
(‫ ه‬s.o.); to turn away with angry words,
brush off, rebuff, reject, repulse, drive
away, chase away (‫ ه‬s.o.) VIII to chide,
scold (‫ ه‬s.o.); to drive away, chase away (‫ه‬
s.o.)
‫ نھر‬nahr pl. ‫ انھر‬anhur, ‫ انھار‬anhār, ‫نھور‬
nuhūr, stream, river; -- (pl. anhur and
anhār) column (of a newspaper) │ ‫ما بين‬
‫( النھرين‬nahrain) Mesopotamia; ‫ما وراء النھر‬
Transoxiana; ‫ نھر اردن‬Eridanus (astron.);
n. urdunn the Jordan river; ‫ نھر السالم‬n. as-
salām the Tigris; ‫ نھر الشريعة‬the Jordan
river
‫ نھري‬nahrī river- (in compounds),
riverine, fluvial, fluviatile
‫ نھار‬nahār pl. ‫ انھر‬anhur, ‫ نھر‬nuhur
daytime, day (from dawn to dusk, as
distinguished from ‫ يوم‬yaum = day of 24
hours) │ ‫ نھارا وليال‬nahāran wa-lailan by
day and by night; ‫ ليل نھار‬laila nahāra day
and night; ‫( نھار انھر‬anhar) a wonderful
day
‫ نھاري‬nahārī relating to day or daytime,
diurnal; ‫ نھاريات‬news of the day,
miscellany (heading of a newspaper
column)
‫ انھر‬anhar2 see nahr
‫ نھير‬nahīr copious, ample, abundant,
plentiful, much
‫ نھير‬nuhair pl. -āt little river, creek,
brook; a tributary, an affluent
‫ انتھار‬intihār rebuke, scolding,
reprimand, reproof; rejection, rebuff,
repulse, repulsion
‫ نھز‬nahaza a (nahz) to push, thrust,
shove (‫ ه‬s.o.); to drive, urge on (‫ ه‬s.o.); to
repulse, hold off, ward off (‫ ه‬s.o.) III to be
near s.th. (‫ھـ‬, esp., fig.), approach, attain,
reach (‫ ھـ‬s.th.); to seize (‫ ھـ‬s.th.) │ ‫ناھز‬
‫ البلوغ‬to attain (the age of) majority; ‫ناھز‬
‫ الخمسين‬he was close to fifty, he was
pushing fifty VIII ‫( انتھز الفرصة‬al-furṣata)
to seize or take the opportunity, take
advantage or avail o.s. of the opportunity;
‫( انتھز ھـ فرصة ل‬furṣatan) to use s.th. as an
opportunity for
‫ نھزة‬nuhza opportunity, occasion
‫ نھاز‬nahhāz: ‫ نھاز الفرص‬n. al-furaṣ quick
to seize an opportunity, an opportunist
‫ انتھاز‬intihāz: ‫ انتھاز الفرص‬int. al-furaṣ
exploitation of opportunities, opportunism
‫ انتھاز‬intihāzī timeserver, opportunist
‫ انتھازية‬intihāzīya opportunism
‫ نھش‬nahaša i (nahš) to bite, snap, grab
with the teeth (‫ ھـ‬s.th.); to tear to pieces,
mangle (.s.o.)
‫ نھاش‬nahhāš snappish, biting,
mordacious, sharp
‫ نھض‬nahaḍa a (nahḍ, ‫ نھوض‬nuhūḍ) to
rise, get up (‫ عن‬from a seat, from bed); to
take off, start (airplane); to pounce (‫ الى‬on
s.o., on s.th.); to raise, lift, hoist, heave,
carry (‫ ب‬s.o., s.th.); to carry on, practice,
pursue, attack resolutely, tackle. handle,
take in one’s hands, further, promote,
encourage (‫ ب‬s.th.), give a boost, give
impetus (‫ ب‬to s.th.), bring new life (‫ ب‬into
 s.th.), bring about an upswing (‫ ب‬of s.th.);
to stand up (‫ ب‬for), take up the cause of (
‫)ب‬, espouse, support, endorse, champion (
‫ ب‬s.th.); to rise, revolt, rebel (‫ على‬against
s.o.); to get ready, prepare (‫ ل‬for a piece of
work, a task, or the like), begin, start,
undertake (‫ ل‬s.th.), enter, embark (‫ل‬
upon); to be apposite, pertinent, apropos
(argument) │ ‫( نھض قائما‬qā’iman) he got
on his 1003 feet, he got up; ‫( نھض باألمر‬bi-
l-amr) to assume power, take the
command; ‫( نھضت الحجة ب‬ḥujja) proof bee
been established for …; ‫نھض بالخسائر‬
‫( والضحايا‬ḍaḥāyā) to take losses and
sacrifices readily upon o.s. III to offer
resistance (‫ ه‬to), resist, oppose, defy (s.o.);
to argue, dispute (‫ ه‬with s.o.) IV to tell (‫ه‬
s.o.) to rise, lift up, raise, help up (‫ ه‬s.o.),
awaken, (a)rouse, stir up, animate, inspire,
stimulate, excite, incite (‫ ه‬s.o.) VI to get
up, stand up, rise, draw o.s. up VIII do. X
to awaken, (a)rouse, stimulate, animate,
encourage, incite, instigate, egg on (‫ ه‬s.o., ‫ا‬
‫ لى‬to)
‫ نھض‬nahḍ awakening, rise, growth,
boom, upswing, advancement, progress
‫ نھضة‬nahḍa pl. -āt getting up, rising;
awakening (esp., national), rise, growth,
boom, upswing, advancement, progress;
resurgence, revival, rebirth, renaissance;
(spiritual) movement; ability, capability,
power │ ‫‘ عيد النھضة‬īd an-n. Day of
National Awakening (of Iraq, celebrated on
the 9th of Shaban)
‫ نھوض‬nuhūḍ raising, boosting, revival,
restoration, promotion, advancement,
furtherance, encouragement, activation (‫ب‬
of s.th.)
‫ مناھضة‬munāhaḍa resistance, opposition
‫ انھاض‬inhāḍ awakening, arousing,
stimulation, animation; promotion,.
advancement, encouragement, initiation of
an upswing, of a boom
‫ استننھاض‬istinhāḍ awakening, arousing,
stimulation, animation; promotion,
advancement, encouragement, initiation of
an upswing, of a boom
‫ ناھض‬nāhiḍ rising, getting up; active,
diligent, energetic │ ‫ دليل ناھض‬conclusive
proof, cogent evidence
‫ نھق‬nahaqa, nahiqa a (nahq, ‫ نھاق‬nuhāq, ‫نھيق‬
nahīq) to bray (donkey)
‫ نھك‬nahaka a (‫ نھاكة‬nahāka) to wear off, wear
out, use up, consume (‫ ھـ‬s.th.); to grind
down, crush (‫ ھـ‬s.th.); -- (nahk) and nahika
a (nahk, ‫ نھكة‬nahka) to exhaust, weaken,
enfeeble, debilitate, sap the strength of,
wear out, wear down, enervate, unnerve,
waste, emaciate (‫ ه‬s.o.); nahika and pass.
nuhika to be worn off, worn out, run down,
used up, spent, exhausted, enervated, gaunt,
emaciated │ ‫‘( نھك عرضه‬irḍahū) to injure
s.o.’s honor IV to exhaust, wear out,
enervate, ruin (‫ ه‬s.o.) VIII to waste,
emaciate, enervate, exhaust (‫ ه‬s.o.); to
violate, abuse, defile, profane, desecrate (‫ھـ‬
s.th.); to infringe, violate (‫ ھـ‬a law), offend
against (‫ ;)ھـ‬to rape, ravish (‫ ھا‬a woman); to
insult, defame, malign, slander, abuse,
brutalize (‫ ه‬a man) │ ‫ ال ينتھك‬yuntahaku
inviolable, sacrosanct, sacred, consecrated
‫ نھك‬nallk weakening, exhaustion,
enervation, attrition; consumption,
depletion, exhaustion; abuse, misuse;
infraction, violation; profanation,
desecration; sacrilege
‫ نھكة‬nahka exhaustion; emaciation,
wasting away
‫ انھاك‬inhāk exhaustion
‫ انتھاك‬intihāk weakening, exhaustion,
enervation, attrition; consumption,
depletion, exhaustion; abuse, misuse;
infraction, violation; profanation,
desecration; sacrilege; rape │ ‫انتھاك الحرمة‬
int. al-ḥurma sacrilege: ‫ انتھاك العورة‬int.
al-‘aura offense involving moral turpitude
‫ منھك‬munhik grueling, exhausting
‫ نھل‬nahila a (nahal, ‫ منھل‬manhal) to
drink
‫ نھلة‬nahla pl. nahalāt drink, draught,
gulp, swallow
‫ منھل‬manhal pl. ‫ منھل‬manāhil watering
place, spring, pool 1004
‫ نھم‬nahima a (naham, ‫ نھامة‬nahāma) to have a
ravenous appetite, be insatiable; to be
greedy, covetous (‫ في‬of)
‫ نھم‬naham, ravenous appetite, voracity;
greed, greediness, avidity
 ‫ نھمة‬nahma burning desire, craving,
greed, avidity
‫ نھيم‬nahim greedy, avid; insatiable,
voracious; glutton, gourmand
‫ نھيم‬nahīm greedy, avid; insatiable,
voracious; glutton, gourmand
‫ منھوم‬manhūm greedy, avid; insatiable;
covetous, desirous (‫ ب‬of s.th.)
‫ نھنه‬nahnaha to restrain, hold back, keep,
prevent (‫ عن‬s.o. from); to sob
‫ )نھو‬and ‫ نھا )نھي‬nahā u (nahw) and ‫نھى‬
nahā a (nahy) to forbid (‫ عن‬s.o. s.th., to do
s.th.), prohibit, ban (‫ عن‬s.o. from doing
s.th.), interdict, proscribe (‫ عن ه‬to s.o. s.th.);
to restrain, hold back, keep, prevent (‫عن‬
s.o. from); pass. ‫ نھي‬nuhiya to come, get (
‫ الى‬to s.o.; of news), reach (‫ الى‬s.o.), come to
s.o.’s knowledge IV to get (‫ الى ھـ‬s.th. to
s.o.), make s.th. (‫ )ھـ‬reach s.o. (‫ ;)الى‬to
communicate, transmit, make known (‫الى ھـ‬
s.th. to s.o.), bring (‫ ھـ‬s.th.) to s.o.’s (‫)الى‬
knowledge, inform, apprise (‫ ھـ الى‬s.o. of
s.th.); to bring to an end, terminate, finish,
end, wind up, conclude, complete (‫ ھـ‬s.th.);
to put an end to s.th. (‫)ھـ‬, settle, decide (‫ھـ‬
s.th.) VI to come to an end, run out, expire
(period of time); to attain a high degree; to
come, get (‫ الى‬to s.o.), reach (‫ الى‬s.o.); to
desist, refrain, abstain (‫ عن‬from), give up,
renounce, forgo, abandon (‫ عن‬s.th.), cease,
stop (‫ عن‬doing s.th.) │ ‫تناھى الى اسماعھم‬
(asmā‘ihim) to come to s.o.’s hearing, to
s.o.‘s knowledge VIII to be concluded,
terminated, finished, done with, settled,
decided, be over; to run out, expire, come
to an end (appointed time); to end, end up,
wind up (‫ ب‬by, in or with); to finish,
terminate, conclude, wind up (‫ عن‬s.th.), be
or become finished, done, be through (‫ب‬
with s.th.); to wind up, land eventually (‫الى‬
at), get ultimately (‫ الى‬to); (with ‫ )الى ان‬to
come or lead to the point where ..., end at
the point where, get eventually so that ...,
result in; to come to s.o.’s (‫ )الى‬knowledge;
to lead, lead up, bring (‫ الى ب‬s.o. to); to
desist, refrain, abstain (‫ عن‬from s.th.), give
up, renounce, forgo, abandon (‫ عن‬s.th.),
cease, stop (‫ عن‬doing s.th.) │ ‫انتھى األمر الى‬
‫ ان‬the upshot was that, the long and short of
it was that …; ‫ انتھى به األمر الى ان‬he got to
the point where ...
‫ نھي‬nahy prohibition, ban, interdiction,
proscription │ ‫( النھي واألمر‬amr) unlimited,
absolute authority, dictatorial power,
command
‫ نھيي‬nahyī prohibitory, prohibitive,
prohibitionary
‫ نھى‬nuhan intelligence, understanding,
reason, mind, intellect
‫ نھية‬nuhya mind, intellect
‫ نھاء‬nihā’ utmost degree, limit
‫ نھاية‬nihāya pl. -āt end; termination,
conclusion; outcome, result, upshot; the
utmost; limit, utmost degree, extreme,
extremity; nihāyatan in the end, at last,
finally, ultimately, eventually │ ‫ في النھاية‬in
the end, at last, finally, ultimately,
eventually; ‫ الى النھاية‬to the end; ‫( بال نھاية‬bi-
lā) unending(ly); ‫ الى غير نھاية‬or ‫الى ما ال نھاية‬
١ ) ‫له‬ā nihāyata) unendingly, to infinity, ad
infinitum; ‫ للنھاية‬to the greatest extent,
extremely; ‫ نھاية األرب‬n. al-arab the ultimate
goal; ‫( النھاية الصغرى‬ṣugrā) minimum; ‫النھاية‬
‫( )الكبرى )العظمى‬kubrā, ‘uẓmā) maximum;
‫‘( النھاية العليا‬ulyā) the best grade, the highest
rating (in a system of school marks); ‫اعلى‬
‫( درجة في النھاية الكبرى‬a‘lā darajatin) absolute
maximum (of temperature); 1005 ‫اعلى درجة‬
‫( في النھاية اصغرى‬aqṣā d.) absolute
minimum; ‫ حد النھاية‬ḥadd an-n. utmost limit,
last step; ‫( كان نھاية في الحذق‬nihāyatan, ḥidq)
to be the ne plus ultra of skill, be extremely
skillful
‫ نھائي‬nihā’ī extreme, utmost, last, final;
ultimate, eventual; final, decisive,
conclusive, definitive; ‫ نھائيا‬at last, finally │
‫( انذار نھائي‬indār) or ‫( بالغ نھائي‬balāg)
ultimatum; ‫( حكم نھائي‬ḥukm) final decision,
final judgment (jur.); ‫ عالج نھائي‬extreme
remedy, last resource; ‫( فوز ي‬fauz) ultimate
triumph, eventual success; ‫ مباران نھائي‬a
final match, final (in sports)
‫ ال نھائي‬lā-nihā’ī infinite, unending
‫ النھائية‬lā-nihā’īya infinity
‫ انھاء‬inhā’ finishing, termination,
completion, conclusion; settlement;
suspension, stop
‫ تناه‬tanāhin finity, finitude, limitedness;
expiration (of a period of time)
 ‫ انتھاء‬intihā’ end, termination,
completion, conclusion, close; expiration │
‫ انتھاء األجل‬int. al-ajal end of life, death
2
‫ ناه‬nāhin interdictory, prohibitory,
prohibitive │ ‫( ھذا رجل ناھيك من رجل‬rajulun
nāhīka) here is a man to fill any man’s
shoes; ‫( ناھيك من‬also ‫ عن‬or ‫ )ب‬how excellent
is! how remarkable is …! suffice it to …!
let it be enough to …! to say nothing of ...,
not to mention …, let alone ...; above all, in
the first place, primarily; take, for
instance, ...! ‫ ناھيك ب‬it is enough to mention
…; ‫( ناھيك بأن‬bi-an) let it be enough to …;
let it suffice you to know that ...; not to
mention the fact that ...; to say nothing of
the fact that ...; aside from the fact that ...
‫ ناھية‬nāhiya pl. ‫ نواه‬nawāhin ban,
prohibition, proscription
‫ منھي‬manhīy forbidden, prohibited,
interdicted, illicit
‫ متناه‬matanāhin finished, terminated,
expired; limited, bounded, finite; utmost,
extreme; excessive, exaggerated │ ‫غير متناه‬
unlimited, boundless, infinite, unending,
endless; ‫( متناه في الدقة‬diqqa) extremely thin,
of the greatest fineness; ‫متناه في الصغر‬
(ṣigari) extremely tiny, minute
‫ منته‬muntahin ceasing, running out;
finished, done; expired (validity)
‫ منتھى‬muntahan finished, terminated;
end; the utmost, extreme; highest degree,
utmost limit │ ‫ بمنتھى الشدة‬bi-m. š-šidda with
extreme force; ‫( في منتھى الدقة‬m. d-diqqa)
extremely thin; ‫ بلغ منتھاه‬to reach its highest
degree
‫ )ناء )نوء‬nā’a u (nau’) to fall down, sink
down, break down, collapse, succumb (‫ب‬
under a burden); to weigh heavily (‫ ب‬upon
s.o.) │ ‫( ناء بالحمل‬ḥaml) to bear a burden
with difficulty; to be weighed down by a
burden; ‫( ناء بكلكله‬bi-kalkalihī) to oppress
s.o. grievously, weigh heavily upon s.o. III
to offer resistance (‫ ه‬to s.o.), resist, oppose,
withstand, defy (‫ ه‬s.o.); to vie, compete (‫ه‬
with s.o.); to fight, struggle, contend (‫ ه‬with
s.o.) │ ‫‘( ناوأه العداء‬adā’a) to be hostile to
s.o., treat s.o. with hostility IV to weigh
down, crush (‫ ه‬s.o.)
‫ نوء‬nau’ pl. ‫ انواء‬anwā’, ‫ نوآن‬nau’ān,
tempest, storm; gale, hurricane
‫ مناوأة‬munāwa’a resistance, opposition,
recalcitrance, insubordination; struggle,
contention, strife
‫ )ناب )نوب‬nāba u (naub, ‫ مناب‬manāb, ‫نيابة‬
niyāba) to represent (‫ عن‬s.o.), act as
representative (‫ عن‬of s.o.), deputize,
substitute (‫ عن‬for s.o.), act as deputy,
substitute, or proxy (‫ عن‬of s.o.), take s.o.’s
(‫ )عن‬place, replace (‫ عن‬s.o.), perform
s.o.’s (‫ )عن‬office, act in s.o.’s (‫ )عن‬behalf;
to return from time to time (‫ الى‬to s.o.),
visit periodically (‫ الى‬s.o.), 1006 frequent (
‫ الى‬s.o.’s place); -- (naub, ‫ نوبة‬nauba) to
afflict, hit, strike, befall (‫ ه‬s.o.; of
misfortune), happen, occur (‫ ه‬to s.o.), fall
to s.o.’s (‫ )ه‬lot or share, descend (‫ ه‬upon
s.o.) II to appoint (‫ ه‬s.o.) as deputy or
agent (‫ عن‬of), commission, depute, or
delegate (‫ ه‬s.o.) to act in behalf of (‫ )عن‬III
to take turns, alternate (‫ ه‬with s.o.) IV to
depute, deputize (‫ ه‬s.o.), commission or
delegate (‫ ه‬s.o.) to act in behalf of (‫)عن‬, in
s.o.’s (‫ )عن‬place; to empower, authorize (‫ه‬
s.o.) to act in behalf of (‫ ;)عن‬to come from
time to time (‫ الى‬to s.o.), visit frequently (
‫ الى‬s.o.), frequent (‫ الى‬s.o.’s place) │ ‫اناب‬
‫ الى‬to turn repentantly to God VI to take
turns, alternate (‫ في‬or ‫ على‬in, also ‫ ھـ‬in
some activity), do s.th. (‫ في‬or ‫على‬, also ‫)ھـ‬
by turns; to visit, befall or afflict (‫ ه‬s.o.)
successively or alternately │ ‫تناوبته الخطوب‬
he has suffered one misfortune after the
other VIII to befall, beset, afflict (‫ ه‬s.o.),
happen, occur (‫ ه‬to s.o.)
‫ نوبة‬nauba pl. ‫ نوب‬nuwab change,
alternation, shift, rotation; (one’s) turn;
time, instance (= ‫ مرة‬marra); case,
instance, occasion; -- (pl. -āt) fit, attack,
paroxysm (path.); crisis; change (or relief)
of the guard, guard duty, guard; bugle
call; (syr.) troupe of musicians, small
orchestra of native instruments │ ‫بالنوبة‬
alternately, in rotation, by turns,
successively, one by one, one alter the
other; ‫‘( نوبة عصبية‬aṣabīya) nervous crisis;
‫ نوبات غضبه‬n. gaḍabihī his fits of rage; ‫نوبة‬
‫( قلبية‬qalbīya) heart attack; ‫ نوبات المطر‬n. al-
maṭar rainy spells, periods of rain; ‫جاءت‬
‫ نوبته‬it was his turn
‫ نوبتجي‬naubatjī on duty; commander of
the guard, officer on duty
 ‫ نوبة‬nauba pl. ‫ نوب‬nuwab misfortune,
calamity, mishap, misadventure, accident,
reverse, heavy blow
‫ نيابة‬niyāba representation, replacement,
substitution, proxy, deputyship; branch
office, branch, agency; delegation;
prosecution, office of the district attorney
│ ‫ نيابة عن‬niyābatan ‘an in place of,
instead of, in lieu of; ‫ بالنيابة‬acting, deputy,
by proxy; ‫( مدير المصلحة بالنيابة‬mudīr al-
maṣlaḥa) the deputy director of the
department; ‫ بالنيابة عن‬in the name of, in
behalf of; ‫‘( نيابة عمومية‬umūmīya)
prosecution, office of the district attorney;
‫ رئيس النيابة‬chief prosecutor; ‫وكيل النيابة‬
representative of the prosecution,
prosecuting attorney; ‫( النيابات المالية‬mālīya)
the financial delegations (in Algeria)
‫ نيابي‬niyābī vicarious, deputed,
delegated; representative; parliamentary │
‫ حكومة نيابية‬representative (parliamentary)
government; ‫( مجلس نيابي‬majlis) parliament
‫ مناب‬manāb replacement, substitution,
proxy, deputyship; substitute; office
performed by proxy, place taken as
deputy; share, portion, allotment │ ‫ناب‬
‫ منابه‬to represent s.o., substitute for s.o., act
in s.o.’s behalf
‫ مناوبة‬munāwaba alternation, rotation;
munāwabatan alternately, in rotation, by
turns, successively, one by one, one after
the other │ ‫ بالمناوبة‬do.; ‫ مناوبة الري‬m. ar-rīy
(Eg.) periodic rotation in irrigation ‫انابة‬
ināba authorization; deputation,
delegation, appointment as authorized
agent or deputy │ ‫( انابات قضائية‬qaḍā’īya)
requests for legal assistance (from court to
court)
‫ تناوب‬tanāwub alternation, rotation,
periodic change; O alternation (el.) │ ‫بالتناو‬
‫ ب‬successively, one after the other, one by
one, by turns, alternately, in rotation 1007
‫ نائب‬nā’ib pl. ‫ نواب‬nuwwāb
representative, agent, proxy, substitute,
alternate; delegate; deputy; (with foll.
genit.) vice-; authorized agent; sergeant
(formerly, Syr.; mil.); authorized
representative of a cadi, assistant
magistrate (Isl. Law), also ‫نائب شرعي‬
(šar‘ī) │ ‫ نائب الرئيس‬vice-president; vice-
chairman; ‫‘( نائب عام‬āmm) or ‫نائب عمومي‬
(‘umūmī) public prosecutor; ‫نائب العريف‬
corporal (Ir.); ‫ نائب القنصل‬n. al-qunṣul vice-
consul; ‫ نائب الملك‬n. al-malik viceroy; ‫نائب‬
‫( مالي‬mālī) financial delegate (Alg.); ‫مجلس‬
‫ النواب‬majlis an-n. house of
representatives, parliament
‫ نائب‬nā’ib share, portion; allotment;
contingent, quota; distributive share in
estate, statutory portion
‫ نائبة‬nā’iba pl. -āt, ‫ نوائب‬nawā’ib2
vicissitudes, ups and downs (of luck, of a
battle, etc.); heavy blow, disaster,
calamity, misfortune
‫ منوب‬munawwib mandator (jur.);
constituent, voter
‫ منوب‬munawwab: ‫ ضابط منوب‬officer on
duty, commander of the guard
‫ مناوب‬munāwib on duty (esp. officer)
‫ منيب‬munīb repentant
‫ متناوب‬mutanāwib alternating, alternate,
rotating, successive │ ‫( تيار متناوب‬ṭayyār)
alternating current (el.)
2
‫ بالد النوبة‬bilād an-nūba Nubia
‫ نوبي‬nūbī Nubian (adj. and n.)
1
‫( )نات )نوت‬naut) to away, real, totter, stagger
2
‫ نوت‬nōt and ‫ نوتة‬nōta notes (mus.), also ‫نوت‬
‫ الموسيقى‬n. al-mūsīqā
‫ نوتة‬nōta note, remark
3
‫ نوتي‬nūtī pl. ‫ نواتي‬nawātīy, ‫ نوتية‬nūtīya
seaman, mariner, sailor; skipper │ ‫نوتي اول‬
seaman apprentice, ‫( نوتي ممتاز‬mumtāz)
seaman (mil.; Eg. 1939); ‫ نواتي السفينة‬ship’s
crew
1
‫ نوح‬nūḥ Noah
2
‫ )ناح )نوح‬nāḥa u (nauḥ, ‫ نواح‬nuwāḥ, ‫ نياح‬niyāḥ,
‫ نياحة‬niyāḥa, ‫ مناح‬manāḥ) to wail, weep,
lament; to mourn, bemoan, bewail (‫على‬
s.o.); to coo (pigeon) ill to be opposite
s.th. (‫)ھـ‬, lie face to face (‫ ھـ‬with), face (‫ھـ‬
s.th.) V to awing; to pendulate, dangle; to
sway VI to howl, whine (wind)
‫ نوح‬nauḥ and ‫ نواح‬nuwāḥ loud loud
weeping, wailing, lamentation (for the
dead)
‫ نواح‬nawwāḥ mourner
 ‫ نواحة‬nawwāḥa hired female mourner
‫ نائحة‬nā’iḥa pl. ‫ نوائح‬nawā’iḥ2, ‫نائحات‬
nā’iḥa hired female mourner
‫ مناحة‬manāḥa lamentation, wailing,
mourning
‫ نوخ‬II to halt for a rest; to take up residence IV
to make (‫ ھـ‬a camel) kneel down; to stay,
remain (‫ ب‬at a place) │ ‫اناخ عليه البؤس بكلكله‬
(bu’su bi-kalkalihī) to be in great distress,
be in a gray, plight X to kneel down
‫ مناخ‬manāk pl. -āt halting place, way
station; residence, abode; -- munāk,
manāk climate
‫ مناخي‬munākī, manākī climatic
‫ )ناد )نود‬nāda u (naud, ‫ نواد‬nuwād, ‫نودان‬
nawadān) and V to away; to awing back
and forth; to pendulate
1
‫ نور‬II to flower, blossom, be in bloom; to put
forth or bear (‫ ھـ‬blossoms); to light,
illuminate, fill with light, furnish with
lights (‫ ل‬or ‫ ه‬s.th.); to shed light (‫ ل‬or ‫ ه‬on
s.th.); to enlighten (‫ ل‬or ‫ ه‬s.o.); to light (‫ھـ‬
a lamp) IV ‫ انار‬anāra to light, illuminate,
fill with light, furnish with 1008 lights (‫ھـ‬
s.th.); to throw light (‫ ھـ‬on a problem),
elucidate, explain, clarify (‫ ھـ‬a problem);
‫ انور‬anwara to come to light, show,
appear, be uncovered, be disclosed, be
revealed V to be lighted, be lit, be
illuminated; to receive enlightenment, be
enlightened X to seek enlightenment,
insight, or an explanation; to receive light,
be lighted, be lit, be illuminated; to obtain
enlightenment, gain insight, get an
explanation, receive information
‫ نار‬nār f., pl. ‫ نيران‬nīrān fire; rifle fire,
gunfire; conflagration; ‫ النار‬Hell │ ‫جبل النار‬
jabal an-n. volcano; ‫ شريط النار‬slow match,
fuse; ‫ شيخ النار‬šaik an-n. the Devil; ‫اشھر من‬
‫‘( نار على علم‬alam) very famous; ‫كان على نار‬
to be on pins and needles; ‫نيران حامية‬
(ḥāmiya) heavy fire, drumfire (mil.)
‫ ناري‬nārī fiery, igneous, fire- (in
compounds); burning, blazing, red-hot │
‫( آلة نارية‬in popular usage) motor, any
motor-driven device; ‫( دراجة نارية‬darrāja)
motorcycle; ‫ سالح ناري‬firearm; ‫شھم ناري‬
(sahm) rocket; ‫( طلق ناري‬ṭalaq) shot (from
a firesrm), rifleshot, gunshot; ‫العاب نارية‬
fireworks; ‫ مقذوف ناري‬projectile (of a
firearm), bullet, shell
‫ نور‬naur (coll.; n. un. ‫ )ة‬pl. ‫اانوار‬anwār
blossom(s), flower(s)
‫ نور‬nūr pl. ‫ انوار‬anwār light; ray of
light, light beam; brightness, gleam, glow;
illumination; light, lamp; O head-light (of
an automobile); lantern │ O ‫نور براق‬
(barrāq) blinker, flashing light; O ‫نور ثابت‬
steady light; ‫ نور الداللة‬ad-dalāla leading
light (naut.); ‫( نور كشاف‬kaššāf) or ‫نور كاشف‬
searchlight (mil.); O ‫( انوار خفية‬kafīya)
indirect lighting; ‫ ام النور‬umm an-n. the
Virgin Mary; ‫ سبت النور‬sabt an-n. Easter
Saturday (Chr.); ‫ عليك نور‬bravo! excellent!
well done! ‫ رأى النور‬to come into being,
come into the world, be born
‫ نوري‬nūrī luminary, luminous, like
light; light-, lighting- (in compounds);
bright, shining, brilliant, radiant
‫ نوراني‬nūrānī luminous
‫ نورانية‬nurānīya luminosity, brilliance
‫ نور‬nawar (coll.) gypsies; vagabonds,
tramps
‫ نوري‬nawarī gypsy; vagabond, tramp
‫ نور‬nūra lime; depilatory agent
‫ نير‬nayyir luminous; shining, brilliant;
lighted, illuminated, brightly lit, full of
light; clear, plain, distinct; ‫ النيران‬sun and
moon
‫ نوار‬nuwwār (coll.; n. un. ‫ )ة‬pl. ‫نواوير‬
nawāwīr2 blossom(s), flower(s)
‫ منار‬manār and ‫ منارة‬manāra pl. ‫مناور‬
manāwir2, ‫ منائر‬manā’ir2 lighthouse;
minaret
‫ منور‬manwar pl. ‫ مناور‬manāwir2 light
hole (in a wall); skylight
‫ تنوير‬tanwīr flowering, blossoming,
bloom, efflorescence; lighting,
illumination; enlightenment; ‫ التنوير‬and
‫ تنوير العقول‬the Enlightenment
‫ مناورة‬see below
‫ انارة‬ināra lighting. illumination;
enlightenment
‫ نائرة‬nā’ira hatred, flame of war
 ‫ منور‬munawwar lighted, illuminated;
enlightened; shining, brilliant; bright │
‫ المنورة‬epithet of Medina
‫ منير‬munīr luminous, radiant, brilliant,
shining; enlightening, illuminative │ ‫جسم‬
‫( منير‬jism) luminous body, luminary,
illuminant
‫ متنور‬mutanawwir lighted, illuminated
‫ مستنير‬mustanīr lighted, illuminated;
enlightened; educated; an educated person
1009
2
‫ مناورة‬munāwara maneuver; trick; shunting
(railroad); ‫ مناورات‬military maneuvers │
‫( مناورات جوية‬jawwīya) air maneuvers;
‫ مناورة دبلوماسية‬diplomatic maneuver; ‫عامل‬
‫ المناورة‬shunter
‫ نورج‬nauraj pl. ‫ نوارج‬nawārij2 threshing
machine, thresher
‫ نورز‬nauraz (coll.; n. un. ‫ )ة‬sea gull(s) (zool.)
‫ نورستانيا‬nūrastāniyā neurasthenia
‫ نوروز‬naurūz Persian New Year’s Day
1
‫ )ناس )نوص‬nāsa u (naus, ‫ نوسان‬nawasān) to
dangle, swing back and forth, bob
‫ نواس‬nawwās dangling, bobbing,
swinging; O pendulum (Syr.)
2
‫ ناووس‬nāwūs, ‫ ناءوس‬na’ūs pl. ‫ نواويس‬nawāwīs2
sarcophagus
3 anchor (of hope) │ ‫ مناوط الثريا‬m. at-
‫ ناس‬nās people, see ‫انس‬
‫ نوسر‬nausara to form a fistula (‫)ناسور‬
‫ نوش‬III to skirmish, engage in a skirmish (‫ه‬
with s.o.); to brush (‫ ھـ‬against s.th.), play (
‫ ھـ‬around or about s.th.)
‫ نوشة‬nauša (eg.) typhoid fever
‫ مناوشة‬munāwaša skirmish,
engagement, encounter │ ‫مناوشة حربية‬
(ḥarbīya) engagement, armed clash; pl.
hostilities
‫ مناويش‬munāwīš and ‫ مناويشي‬manāwīšī
(eg.) bluish purple
‫ نوشادر‬nūšādir ammonia
(‫ نوص( ناص‬nāṣa u (nauṣ, ‫ مناص‬manāṣ, ‫منيص‬
manīṣ) to avoid, shirk, evade, dodge (‫عن‬
s.th.), flee, draw hack (‫ عن‬from) VIII to
grow dim, die down (light, lamp)
‫ نوص‬nauṣ wild ass, onager
‫ مناص‬manāṣ and ‫ منيص‬manīṣ
avoidance, shirking, evasion; escape, way
out │ ‫( ال مناص منه‬manāṣa) inevitable,
unavoidable
‫ )ناط )نوط‬nāṭa u (nauṭ, ‫ نياط‬niyāṭ) to hang,
suspend (‫ ب ھـ‬s.th. on); to entrust (‫ب ھـ‬
s.th. to s.o., ‫ ھـ ب‬s.o. with), commission (‫ھـ‬
‫ ب‬s.o. to do s.th.), charge (‫ ھـ ب‬s.o. with);
to make dependent, conditional (‫ ب‬or ‫على ه‬
s.th. on); pass. ‫ نيط‬nīṭa to depend, be
dependent, be conditional (‫ ب‬on), he
linked (‫ ب‬to), be connected (‫ ب‬with),
belong (‫ ب‬to); to be entrusted (‫ ب‬to s.o.);
to hang, be suspended (‫ على‬on) II and IV =
I │ ‫( اناطه بشرط‬bi-šarṭin) to make s.th.
dependent on (or subject to) a condition,
make s.th. conditional; ‫اناطه بعھدته‬
(bi-‘uhdatihī) to entrust s.o. with the
responsibility for s.th., make s.o.
responsible for s.th.
‫ نوط‬nauṭ pl. ‫ انواط‬anwāṭ, ‫ نياط‬niyāṭ s.th.
suspended, hanging, or attached;
decoration, medal, order, badge of honor
│ ‫ نوط الجدارة‬n. al-jadāra order of merit
‫ نيط‬naiṭ pl. ‫ نياط‬niyāṭ sorta │ ‫منظر يشق له‬
‫( نياط القلوب‬manẓarun yušaqqu) a heart-
rending light; ‫ قطع نياط القلوب‬to break the
heart
‫ مناط‬manāṭ place where s.th. is
suspended; object, butt (e.g., of mockery);
turayyā or ‫ مناط الجوزاء‬m. al-jauzā’ the
highest heavens, as high, or as far, as the
Pleiades (or Gemini, respectively)
‫ تنوط‬tanawwuṭ, tunawwiṭ weaverbird
‫ منوط‬manūṭ dependent, conditional (‫ب‬
on)
‫ منوط‬munawwaṭ entrusted,
commissioned (‫ ب‬with), in charge of (‫)ب‬
‫ مناط‬munāṭ entrusted, commissioned (‫ب‬
with), in charge of (‫)ب‬
‫ نوع‬II to divide into various kinds,
classify (‫ ھـ‬s.th.); to make different,
diversify, vary, variegate (‫ ھـ‬s.th.), give
variety (‫ ھـ‬to); to change, alter, vary,
modify, alter in its outward appearance (‫ھـ‬
s.th.), 1010 change the appearance (‫ ھـ‬of)
V to be of various kinds or forms; to be
 manifold, diverse, varying, variegated,
multiform, complex
‫ نوع‬nau’ pl. ‫ انواع‬anwā’ kind, sort, type,
species; variety; way, manner, mode,
fashion; form; nature, character, quality,
grade; ‫ نوعا‬nau’an somewhat, a little; to a
certain extent, in some measure, in a
certain way, so to speak, as it were │ ‫نوعا‬
‫ ما‬somehow or other, in a way, after a
fashion, somewhat; ‫( نوعا وكمية‬wa-
kammīyatan) in nature and quantity,
qualitatively and quantitatively; ‫بنوع خاص‬
(kāṣṣ) in particular, especially; ‫األول من‬
‫ نوعه‬the first of his (its) kind; ‫ظالمون على‬
‫ انواعھم‬oppressors of all kinds, all sorts of
oppressors; ‫ نوع اإلنسان‬or ‫ النوع اإلنساني‬the
human race
‫ نوعي‬nau’ī relative to the nature or
type; characteristic, peculiar, proper;
essential; specific │ ‫( ثقل )وزن( نوعي‬tiql,
wazn) specific gravity
‫ تنويع‬tanwī’ change, alteration,
modification
‫ تنوع‬tanawwu’ diversity, variety,
multiplicity; change, change-over,
readjustment
‫ منوع‬munawwa’ different, diverse,
various, miscellaneous, sundry, manifold,
multifarious, complex
‫ متنوع‬mutanawwi’ different, diverse,
various, miscellaneous, sundry, manifold,
multifarious, complex; ‫ متنوعات‬miscellany
(heading of a newspaper column)
1
‫ )نوف‬and ‫ ناف )نيف‬nāfa u (nauf) to be high,
lofty, exalted, sublime; to exceed (‫ عن‬or
‫ على‬s.th., esp., a number), be above (‫ عن‬or
‫)على‬, be more than (‫ عن‬or ‫)على‬, go beyond
(‫ عن‬or ‫ على( │ ما ينوف على الحمسين‬more than
fifty II ‫ نيف‬nayyafa and IV to go beyond (
‫ عن‬or ‫)على‬, be more than (‫ عن‬or ‫)على‬,
exceed (‫ عن‬or ‫ على‬s.th.) │ ‫ما ينيف عن ثالث‬
‫( سنوات‬talāt sanawātin) more than three
years, over three years
‫ ناف‬nāf yoke
‫ نوف‬nauf pl. ‫ انواف‬anwāf that which
exceeds a number or measure, excess,
overplus, surplus
‫ نيف‬nayyif excess, overplus, surplus │
‫ نيف و‬or ‫ ونيف‬together with round figures:
some ..., ... and some, ... odd, e.g., ‫نيف‬
‫ وعشرون‬some twenty, twenty and some,
twenty odd
‫ نيافة‬niyāfa Excellency, Eminence
(Copt.-Chr.; title of cardinals and bishops)
‫ منيف‬munīf high, tall, lofty; exalted,
sublime; outstanding, excellent
2
‫ منوفي‬manūfī a brand of Egyptian cotton
‫ نوفمبر‬nūfimbir, novembir November
‫ نوق‬V ‫ تنوق‬tanawwaqa and ‫ تنيق‬tanayyaqa to be
squeamish, fastidious, finical, dainty,
choosy (‫ في‬in) X ‫ استنوق‬istanwaqa: ‫استنوق‬
‫( الجمل‬jamala) he mistook the he-camel for
a she-camel (proverbially of a mistake)
‫ ناقة‬nāqa pl. ‫ نوق‬nūq, ‫ نياق‬niyāq, ‫ناقات‬
nāqāt she-camel │ ‫ال ناقة لي في األمر وال جمل‬
(nāqata, jamala) I have no hand in this
matter, I have nothing to do with it
‫ نيق‬nayyiq squeamish, finical,
fastidious, choosy, dainty, overnice
‫ انواك‬anwāk2 foolish, silly, stupid
‫ )نال )نول‬nāla u (naul) to give, donate, present,
offer, hold out, grant, award (‫ ل ب‬or ‫ ه‬to
s.o. s.th.), confer, bestow (‫ ب ل‬or ‫ ه‬upon
s.o. s.th.) II to let (‫ ه‬s.o.) obtain (‫ ھـ‬s.th.),
give, afford, bring, yield (‫ ھـ ه‬to s.o. s.th.)
III to give, hand, pass, present, offer,
extend, serve, hand over, deliver (‫ ھـ ل‬or ‫ه‬
to s.o. s.th.) │ ‫( ناوله القربان‬qurbāna) to
administer the Communion to 1011 s.o.
(Chr.) VI to reach (‫ ھـ‬for s.th.), take (‫ھـ‬
s.th.); to accept (‫ ھـ‬s.th.; to receive, get,
obtain (‫ ھـ‬s.th.); to take, eat (‫ ھـ‬food), have
(‫ ھـ‬a meal, tea, coffee, etc.); to take s.th. (
‫ )ھـ‬out of (‫)من‬, derive, draw, obtain (‫من ھـ‬
s.th. from); to take in, grasp, comprehend
(‫ ھـ‬the meaning of s.th.); to take up, treat,
discuss (‫ ھـ‬a subject), deal with (‫ ;)ھـ‬to
extend (‫ ھـ‬to), include, encompass (‫ھـ‬
s.th.); to reach (‫ ه‬s.o.; of a glance); to
partake of the Communion, communicate
(Chr.)
‫ نول‬naul pl. ‫ انوال‬anwāl gift; way,
manner, mode, fashion; loom; freightage,
freight
‫ نوال‬nawāl gift, s.th. received; favor,
benefit; that which is proper, right,
incumbent, a duty │ ‫ نوالك ان تفعل كذا‬you
 must do this; ‫ ليس ذلك بنوال‬that’s improper,
that isn’t right
‫ منول‬minwal and ‫ منوال‬minwāl loom
‫ منوال‬minwāl way, manner, mode,
fashion; method, procedure; form │ ‫على‬
‫ ھذا المنوال‬in this manner, this way; ‫ھم على‬
‫ منوال واحد‬they are of one stamp, they are
all alike; ‫ منوالك ان تفعل كذا‬you must do it
this way
‫ مناولة‬munāwala presentation, offering,
handing over, delivery; Communion
(Chr.)
‫ تناول‬tanāwul taking of food, eating,
drinking; comprehension, grasp,
receptivity; Communion (Chr.)
‫ متناول‬mutanāwil reaching out, taking,
seizing, grabbing; partaking of the Lord’s
Supper, communicating; communicant
‫ متناول‬mutanāwal attainable, available,
within reach; attainableness, availability;
reach, range │ ‫ اعسر متناوال‬difficult to
reach, hard to get at; ‫( تحت )في( متناول يده‬m.
yadihī) available, at s.o.’s disposal, within
reach, handy, on hand; ‫ في متناوله‬attainable
to s.o., within s.o.’s reach; ‫في متناول الجميع‬
within everybody’s means; ‫في متناول كل‬
‫ األفھام‬comprehensible to all, understood by
all; ‫ جعل ھـ في متناول‬to bring s.th. within
s.o.’s reach, make s.th. attainable,
available to s.o.
‫ نولون‬naulūn and ‫ ناولون‬nāwulūn pl. ‫نوالين‬
nawālīn2 freightage, freight
‫ )نام )نوم‬nāma (1st pers. perf. nimtu) a (naum,
‫ نيام‬niyām) to sleep, slumber; to go to bed;
to go to sleep; to abate, subside, let up,
calm down, be calm (wind, sea, etc.); to
be inactive, dull, listless (market); to be
benumbed, be numb (limb); to neglect,
omit, overlook (‫ عن‬s.th.), forget (‫ عن‬about
s.th.), fail to think of (‫ ;)عن‬to be reassured
(‫ الى‬by s.th.), accept (‫ الى‬s.th.), assent (‫الى‬
to), acquiesce (‫ الى‬in); to place confidence
(‫ الى‬in s.o.), trust (‫ الى‬s.th.) │ ‫ينام ملء جفنه‬
(mil’a jafnihī) he sleeps the sleep of the
just II to lull (‫ ه‬s.o.) to sleep, make (‫ ه‬s.o.)
sleep, put to bed (‫ه‬, esp., a child); to
anesthetize, narcotize, put to sleep (‫ ه‬s.o.)
IV = II; VI to pretend to be asleep; to
place confidence, put trust (‫ الى‬in s.o.) X
to let o.s. be lulled to sleep or narcotized (
‫ ل‬by s.th.); to accede (‫ ل‬to s.th.), comply (
‫ ل‬with); to trust (‫ الى‬s.o.), have confidence
(‫ الى‬in s.o.), rely, depend (‫ الى‬on s.o.); to
entrust (‫ ب الى‬s.th. to s.o.); to be reassured
(‫ الى‬by s.th.), accept tacitly (‫ الى‬s.th.),
acquiesce (‫ الى‬in s.th.), content o.s. be
content (‫ الى‬with)
‫ نوم‬naum sleep, slumber │ ‫غرفة النوم‬
gurfat an-n. bedroom; ‫ قميص النوم‬night,
gown, nightshirt
‫ نومي‬naumī of or pertaining to sleep,
somn(i)-, sleeping- (in compounds)
‫ نومة‬nauma sleep, nap
‫ نومة‬nuwama one who sleeps much,
sleeper
‫ نوام‬nawwām one given to sleep, sleeper
‫ نؤوم‬na’ūm sound asleep; one given to
sleep, sleeper; late riser, slugabed 1012
‫ منام‬manām sleep; (pl. -āt) dream
‫ منام‬manām place to sleep; bedroom,
dormitory
‫ منامة‬manāma place to sleep; bedroom,
dormitory; nightwear, nightgown, night-
shirt; -- ‫ المنامة‬Manama (capital of Bahrein
Islands)
‫ تنويم‬tanwīm lulling to sleep;
narcotization, anesthetization; hypnotism,
hypnosis
‫ نائم‬nā’im pl. ‫ نيام‬niyām, ‫ نوم‬nuwwam, ‫نيم‬
nuyyam, ‫ نوام‬nuwwām, ‫ نيام‬nuyyām
sleeping; asleep; numb, benumbed (limb);
calm, tranquil, peaceful (night)
‫ منوم‬munawwim sleep-inducing,
somniferous, soporific; narcotic;
hypnotist; (pl. -āt) a soporific,
somnifacient │ ‫( جرعة منوم‬jur‘a) soporific
potion, sleeping draught, nightcap; ‫دواء‬
‫( منوم‬dawā’) a soporific, somnifacient
‫ نون‬II to add a final nūn (‫ ھـ‬to a noun), provide
with the nunnation (‫ ھـ‬a noun; gram.)
‫ نون‬nūn pl. -āt name of the letter ‫ ;ن‬--
(pl. ‫ نينان‬nīnān, ‫ انوان‬anwān) large fish,
whale │ ‫ ذو النون‬the Prophet Jonah
‫ نوني‬nūnī shaped like a ‫ن‬, crescent-
shaped
‫ نونة‬nūna dimple in the chin
 ‫ تنوين‬tanwīn nunnation (gram.) │ ‫ھما‬
‫( كالتنوين واإلضافة‬iḍāfa) they are like day
and light, they are diametrically opposed,
they are as unlike as they could be
‫ نوه‬II to raise, elevate (‫ ھـ‬s.th.); to praise, laud,
extol, acclaim (‫ ب‬s.o.), speak highly (‫ب‬
of); to commend, cite (‫ ب‬s.o. or s.th.); to
.trees, emphasize (‫ ب‬s.th.); to make
mention, speak (‫ ب‬of s.o. or s.th.), refer (‫ب‬
to, also ‫ عن‬to s.th.), name, mention (‫عن‬
s.th.); to hint (‫ عن‬or ‫ ب‬or ‫ الى‬at). allude (‫عن‬
or ‫ ب‬or ‫ الى‬to), intimate, imply (‫ عن‬or ‫ ب‬or
‫ الى‬s.th.)
‫ نوه‬tanwīh encomium, tribute, praise;
mentioning, mention; reference; hint,
allusion
‫ نوى‬nawā i (‫ نية‬nīya, ‫ نواة‬nawāh) to intend,
propose, purpose, plan, have in mind,
make up one’s mind (‫ ھـ‬to do s.th.),
resolve, determine (‫ ھـ‬on s.th. or to do
s.th.); -- i (‫ نوى‬nawan) to absent o.s., go
away (‫ عن‬or ‫ من‬from) II to miaow (cat) III
to make an enemy of s.o. (‫)ه‬, fall out with
s.o. (‫)ه‬, be hostile, antagonistic (‫ ه‬to),
declare o.s. the enemy (‫ ه‬of) VIII to
propose, purpose, intend (‫ ھـ‬to do s.th.)
‫ نوى‬nawan remoteness, distance;
destination
‫ نوى‬nawan (coll.) date pits; fruit
kernels, atones
‫ نواة‬nawāh (n. un.) pl. ‫ نويات‬nawayāt
date pit; fruit kernel, stone; core; center;
atomic nucleus; nucleus (fig., from which
s.th. will grow), central point, starting
point │ ‫ نوة الذرة‬n. ad-darra atomic
nucleus
‫ نووي‬nawawī nuclear, nucleal, nuclei-,
nuclea- (in compounds); of or pertaining
to nuclear physics, nuclear, atomic │ ‫اسلحة‬
‫( نووية‬asliḥa) nuclear weapons
‫ ني‬nayy fat; see also under ‫نئ‬
‫ نية‬nīya pl. -āt, ‫ نوايا‬nawāyā intention,
intent, design, purpose, plan, scheme;
determination, will, volition, direction of
will; tendency, inclination, desire │ ‫على نية‬
with the intention to ...; ‫ في نية ان‬it is
intended to ...; ‫ حسن النية‬ḥusn an-n. good
intention, good will, sincerity, honesty;
‫ سالمة النية‬salāmat an-n. guilelessness,
innocence, sincerity; bona fides, good
faith (jur.); ‫ سليم النية‬undesigning, guileless,
artless, sincere; simplehearted, ingenuous,
simple-minded; ‫ سوء النية‬sū’ an-n. evil
intent, insincerity, malice, 1013 cunning,
deceit; (jur.) bad faith, mala fides, dolus
malus; ‫ بسوء النية‬against one’s better
judgment; (jur.) in bad faith, mala fide;
‫ صافي النية‬ṣāfī an-n. sincere, candid, frank,
openhearted; ‫( اخلص له النية‬nīyata) to be
loyally attached to s.o. or s.th.; ‫اخلص له النية‬
‫ ل‬or ‫ حسنت نيته في‬ḥasunat nīyatuhū li do.;
to have good intentions, be well-
intentioned toward ...; ‫( اصلح نيته‬nīyatahū)
to evoke the right intention in one’s heart
(ethical and religious); ‫ عقد النية على‬to
determine on s.th., resolve to do s.th.,
direct one’s intention to
‫ مناو‬munāwin hostile, unfriendly
‫ )ناء )نيء‬nā’a i (‫ نيء‬nay’, ‫ نيوء‬nuyū’,
‫ نيوءة‬nuyū’a) to be raw, uncooked (esp.,
meat)
‫ نيء‬nī’, ‫ ني‬nīy raw; unripe; gross
(weight); see also under ‫نوى‬
‫ ناب‬nāb pl. ‫ انياب‬anyāb, ‫ نيوب‬nuyūb, ‫اناييب‬
anāyīb2 canine tooth, eyetooth; tusk; fang
│ ‫( كشر عن انيابه‬kaššara) to bare one’s teeth
‫ ناب‬nāb pl. ‫ انياب‬anyāb, ‫ نيوب‬nuyūb, ‫نيب‬
nīb old she-camel
‫ نيتروجين‬nitrōžé nitrogen
‫ متنيح‬mutanayyaḥ late lamented, deceased
(Chr.; eg.)
1
‫ نير‬nayyir see ‫نور‬
2
‫نير‬nīr pl. ‫ انيار‬anyār, ‫ نيران‬nīrān yoke
‫ نيرة‬nīra gums (of the teeth)
‫ نيروز‬nairūz New Year’s Day (Chr.-Copt.)
‫ نيزك‬naizak pl. ‫ نيازك‬nayāzik2 short lance;
shooting star, meteor
‫ نيس‬nīs Nice (seaport in S France)
‫ نيسان‬nīsān 2 April (Syr., leb., Jord., Ir.)
‫ نيشان‬nīšān see ‫)نشان )نشن‬
‫ نيص‬nīṣ porcupine
‫ نياط‬،‫ نيط‬see ‫نوط‬
‫ نيف‬see ‫نوف‬
‫ نيق‬see ‫نوق‬
‫ نيقوسيا‬nīqōsiyā Nicosia (capital of Cyprus)
‫ )ناك )نيك‬nāka i to have sexual intercourse (‫ھا‬
with a woman)
‫ نيكل‬nikl nickel
1
‫ )نال )نيل‬nāla (1st pers. perf. niltu) a (nail, ‫منال‬
manāl) to obtain, attain, achieve (‫ ھـ‬s.th.),
get hold, get possession (‫ ھـ‬of); to win,
gain, acquire, earn (‫ ھـ‬s.th.); to get, obtain,
procure (‫ ل ھـ‬s.th. for s.o.); to accomplish (
‫ من ھـ‬s.th. with s.o.), succeed (‫ من ھـ‬in s.th.
with s.o.), get s.th. (‫ )ھـ‬from s.o. (‫ ;)من‬to
affect, influence (‫ من‬s.o., s.th.), bear upon
s.th. (‫ ;)من‬to cause damage, do harm (‫ من‬to
s.o., to s.th.), prejudice, impair, harm (‫من‬
s.th.) │ ‫‘( نال من عرضه‬irḍihī) to decry,
depreciate, discredit, defame, malign,
slander s.o.; ‫( نال منه اوفر منال‬aufara
manālin) to do s.o. untold damage, harm
s.o. most grievously; ‫( ناله بسوء‬bi-sū’in) to
harm s.o. or s.th.; ‫( ناله بضر‬bi-ḍurrin) do.;
‫ نال من نفسه ابلغ منال‬see ‫ منال‬below IV to
make or let (‫ ل‬or ‫ ه‬s.o.) obtain (‫ ھـ‬s.th.),
procure, get (‫ ل ھـ‬or ‫ ه‬s.th. for s.o.)
‫ نيل‬nail obtainment, attainment,
acquisition; a favor received
‫ منال‬manāl obtainment, attainment,
achievement, acquisition │‫بعيد المنال‬
unattainable; intangible, impalpable, far
from reality; ‫ صعب المنال‬ṣa‘b al-m.
unattainable; ‫( قريب )سھل( منال‬sahl) easy to
get, attainable; ‫ ممكن المنال‬mukmin al-m.
attainable; ‫( نال من نفسه ابلغ منال‬ablaga
manālin) it made the deepest impression
on him
‫ نائل‬nā’il acquirer, earner, obtainer,
gainer, winner; a favor received, a boon,
benefit, gain 1014
2
‫ نيل‬II to dye with indigo (‫ ھـ‬s.th.)
‫ نيل‬nīl, ‫ نيلة‬nīla indigo plant, indigo
‫ منيل‬munayyal dyed with indigo
3
‫ نيل‬II (eg.) to channel Nile water onto the
fields for the purpose of alluviating the
soil
‫ النيل‬an-nīl the Nile │ ‫ زمن النيل‬zaman
an-nīl time of the Nile inundation; ‫عرائس‬
‫ النيل‬flowers of the European white water
lily (nenuphar)
‫ نيلي‬nīlī of the Nile, Nile (adj.), Nilotic
‫ منيل‬manyal Nilometer
‫ تنييل‬tanyīl (eg.) allviation of the soil by
irrigation or inundation
‫ نيلج‬nīlaj indigo
‫ نيلوفر‬nīlūfar European white water lily,
nenuphar
‫ نيلون‬nailōn, nīlōn nylon
‫ نينة‬nīna mother
‫ نية‬see ‫نوى‬
‫ نيورالجيا‬niyūraljiyā neuralgia
‫ نيزيالندا‬niyūzīlandā New Zealand
‫ ضوء نيوني‬ḍau’ niyūnī neon light
‫ھـ‬
‫ ھا‬hā ha! look! there! ‫ ھا ھو‬hā huwa look, there
he is! ‫ ھا انتم‬hā antum you there! as a
prefix (mostly written defectively): ‫ھذا‬
hādā, f. ‫ ھذه‬hādihī, ‫ ھذي‬hādī, pl. ‫ھؤالء‬
hā’ulā’i, dual m. ‫ ھذان‬hādānī, f. ‫ھاتان‬
hātāni this one, this; see also
alphabetically; -- ‫ ھذاك‬hādāka, f. ‫ھاتيك‬
hātīka pl. ‫ ھؤالئك‬hā’ulā’ika that one, that;
-- ‫ ھكذا‬hākadā so, thus; ‫ وھكذا‬wa-hākadā
and so forth; -- ‫ ھاھنا‬hāhunā here; -- ،‫ھاءناذا‬
‫ ھأنذا‬hā’anādā, ‫ ھأنتذا‬،‫ ھا انت ذا‬hā’antadā, ‫ھا‬
‫ ھا نحن اوالء‬،‫ ھو ذا‬I (emphatic form); you
there; this one, that one, that; we here,
etc.; here I am! there you are! etc.; -- with
suffix: ‫ ھاك‬hāka pl. ‫ ھاكم‬hākum, here, take
it! there you are! there you have ...!
following (below) is (are) ...; ‫ ھاكه‬hākahū
there he is
‫ ھاء‬hā’ pl. -āt name of the letter ‫ھـ‬
‫ ھابيل‬hābīl2 Abel
‫ ھات‬hāti pl. ‫ ھاتوا‬hātū give me (us) ...! bring me
(us) ...! let me (us) have ...!
‫ ھاتان‬see under ‫ھا‬
‫ ھاتور‬hātōr Hator, the third month of the
Coptic calendar
‫( ھارب‬Engl.) harb harp (musical instrument)
‫ ھاشمي‬see ‫ھشم‬
‫ الھافر‬al-hāvir le Havre (seaport in N France)
‫ ھاكم‬،‫ ھاك‬and ‫ ھاكه‬see ‫ھا‬
‫ ھؤالء‬see ‫ھا‬
‫ ھأمتذا‬،‫ ھأنذا‬see ‫ھا‬
‫ ھانم‬hānum pl. ‫ ھوانم‬hawānim2 lady, woman
‫ ھوانمي‬hawānimī ladylike, womenlike,
feminine
‫ ھأھأ‬ha’ha’a to burst into laughter
‫ ھاھنا‬see ‫ھا‬
‫ ھاواي‬hāwāy Hawaii
‫ ھاون‬hāwun, ‫ ھاوون‬hāwūn pl. ‫ ھواوين‬hawāwīn2,
‫ اھوان‬ahwān mortar (vessel) │ ‫مدفع الھاون‬
midfa’ al-hā. mortar (mil.) 1015
‫ ھايتي‬haitī Haiti
1
‫ ھب‬hab imperative of ‫وھب‬
2
‫ ھب‬habba u (habb) to get in motion, start
moving; to approach, attack, tackle (‫ الى‬or
‫ ل‬s.th.), embark (‫ الى‬or ‫ ل‬upon), begin (‫الى‬
or ‫ ل‬with), start doing s.th. (‫ الى‬or ‫( ;)ل‬with
foll. imperf.) to proceed abruptly to do
s.th., set out to do s.th.; to rush, fly (‫ الى‬at
s.o.); to wake up; to rise, get up (‫ من‬from,
esp., from sleep); to revolt, rebel, rise (‫على‬
against s.o.); -- (habb, ‫ ھبوب‬hubūb, ‫ھبيب‬
‫ ھبط‬habaṭa u i (‫ ھبوط‬hubūṭ) to descend, go
habīb) to blow (wind); to rage (storm); to
break out (fire); to waft, drift (‫ على‬in s.o.’s
direction; of a scent), meet (‫ على‬s.o.; of a
pleasant smell) │ ‫( ھب للحرب‬ḥarb) to take
up arms, enter the war; ‫ھب للمقاومة‬
(muqāwama) to take up arm, in
opposition, rise in arms; ‫( ھب واقفا‬wāqifan)
to plant o.s., station o.s, stand; ‫ھبت ريحه‬
(rīḥuhū) he is in clover, he is in luck'.
way, he has a lucky hand with everything;
‫( ھب فيه الكلب‬kalb) the dog attacked him,
fell upon him; ‫( كل من وھب ودب‬man,
dabba) everybody and his brother, every
Tom, Dick and Harry II to tear, rend (‫ھـ‬
s.th.); to blacken with soot (‫ ھـ‬s.th.); to
besmut (‫ ھـ‬s.th.); to botch, bungle, do in
slipshod manner (‫ ھـ‬s.th.) IV to wake up,
awaken, rouse (‫ من ه‬s.o. from sleep) V to
be torn
‫ ھبة‬habba gust, squall
‫ ھبة‬hiba see ‫وھب‬
‫ ھباب‬habāb fine dust
‫ ھباب‬hibāb soot, smut
‫ ھبوب‬habūb strong wind, gale
‫ ھبوب‬hubūb blowing (of the wind)
‫ مھب‬mahabb pl. ‫ مھاب‬mahābb2 place
where or from which the wind blows;
windy side, weather side, direction of the
wind; blowing of the wind; draft │ ‫في مھب‬
‫ الريح‬storm-swept, exposed to storms,
threatened by storms
‫ ھبت‬habata i (habt) to knock out, fell, throw to
the ground (‫ ه‬s.o.); pass. hubiṭa to be
despondent, faint-hearted; to be dim-
witted
‫ ھبيت‬habīt despondent, faint-hearted,
cowardly; dim-witted
‫ ھبر‬habara u (habr) to mangle (with the teeth;
‫ ه‬s.o.); to carve into large pieces (‫ ھـ‬meat)
‫ ھبر‬habr boned meat
‫ ھبرة‬habra piece or slice of meat
‫ ھبيرة‬hubaira hyena │ ‫ ابو ھبيرة‬abū h.
frog
‫ ھبش‬habaša i (habš) to gather up, gather,
collect (‫ ھـ‬s.th.); to seize, grab, clutch (‫ب‬
with the hand or with the claws)
down, come down; to fall down, drop; to
settle down; to sink; to dip, slope down; to
fall to the ground; to fall in, come down,
collapse (roof); to set down, land, alight
(airplane, travelers, ‫ ھـ‬in a country); to
lose weight, become lean (body); to abate,
subside, let up, stop, die down (wind, fire,
etc.); to fall, drop, slump (prices); to go,
come (‫ ھـ‬to a place); -- u (habṭ) and IV to
cause to sink or descend, lower, let down,
bring down, take down, send down, fling
down, throw down (‫ ه‬،‫ ھـ‬s.o., s.th.); to
lower, out down, reduce (‫ ھـ‬the price); to
come (‫ ھـ‬to a place)
‫ ھبط‬habṭ reduction, lowering; decrease,
diminution
‫ ھبطة‬habṭa decent, decline, fall, drop;
depression (geogr.)
‫ ھبوط‬hubūṭ sinking; fall, drop, decline,
decent; diminution, lessening, lowering,
reduction (of the price); decrease;
weakness, feebleness; slump (on the stock
market); (airborne) landing │ 1016 ‫ھبوط‬
‫( اضطراري‬iḍṭirārī) emergency landing;
 ‫ ھبوط الخم‬h. ar-raḥim prolapse of the
uterus, hysteroptosis
‫ ھبوط‬habūṭ slope, declivity, drop, cliff,
bluff
‫ ھبيط‬habīṭ emaciated, skinny, enervated,
worn out
O ‫ اھبوطة‬uhbūṭa pl. ‫ اھابط‬ahābiṭ2
parachute
‫ مھبط‬mahbiṭ pl. ‫ مھابط‬mahābiṭ2 place of
a fall, of descent; landing place, airstrip,
runway; falling, faU. drop; place of origin,
birth place, cradle (fig.); O cathode (el.) │
‫ مھبط الوحي‬m. al-waḥy the cradle of Islam;
‫ في مھبط الغروب‬at (the time of) sunset
‫ ھابط‬Ilabil descending, falling,
dropping, sinking │ O ‫ھابط بالمظلة الواقية‬
(miẓalla, wāqiya) paratrooper
‫ مھبوط‬mahbūṭ emaciated, skinny,
enervated, worn out
‫ ھبل‬habila a (habal) to be bereaved of her son
(mother) V to take a vapor bath VIII to
avail o.s., take advantage (‫ ھـ‬of an
opportunity); to intrigue. scheme │ ‫اھتبل‬
‫ ھبلك‬ihtabil habalaka watch out for your
own interests! take care of your own
affairs! mind your own business!
‫ ھبل‬hiball a tall, husky man
‫ ھبيل‬habīl dolt, fool
‫ اھبل‬ahbal2, f. ‫ ھبالء‬hablā’2, pl. ‫ ھبل‬hubl
dim-witted, weak-minded, imbecilic,
idiotic
‫ مھبل‬mahbal, mahbil pl. ‫ مھابل‬mahābil2
vagina
‫ مھبلي‬mahbalī vaginal
‫ مھبل‬mihbal nimble
‫ مھبول‬mahbūl stupid, imbecilic, idiotic;
dolt, dunce, fool
‫ ھبھب‬habhaba to bark, bay
‫ ھبھاب‬habhāab mirage, fata morgana;
swift, nimble
‫ )ھبا )ھبو‬habā u (‫ ھبو‬hubuw) to rise in the air
(dust, smoke); to run away, bolt, take to
sight
‫ ھبوة‬habwa pl. habawāt swirl of dust
‫ ھباء‬habā’ pl. ‫ اھباء‬ahbā’ fine dust; dust
particles floating in the air │ ‫ھباء منثصور‬
atoms scattered in all directions; ‫ذھب ھباء‬
(habā’an) to vanish. dissolve into nothing,
end in smoke; ‫( ذھب ھباء منثورا‬habā’an) or
‫( ضاع ھباء منثورا‬ḍā‘a) to go up in smoke,
fall through, come to nought, dissolve into
nothing; ‫( ذھب به ھباء‬habā’an) to ruin,
thwart s.th.; to scatter s.th. in all directions
‫ ھباءة‬hbā’a (n. un.) dust particle; mote
1
‫ ھتر‬hatara i (hatr) to tear to pieces (‫ ھـ‬s.th.)
III to abuse, revile, insult, call names (‫ه‬
s.o.) IV (also pass. uhtira) to become
feeble-minded, childish (old man) VI to
revile each other, fling accusations at each
other; to be contradictory, conflicting
(testimonies; Isl. Law) X to be negligent
and careless; to act in a reckless,
irresponsible manner; to make light (‫ ب‬of
s.th.), attach little importance (‫ ب‬to),
slight, disdain, despise (‫ ب‬s.th.); to jeer,
scoff (y at s.o.), deride, ridicule, mock (‫ب‬
s.o.); pass. ustuhtira to be infatuated (‫ب‬
with), dote (‫ ب‬on)
‫ ھتر‬hitr pl. ‫ اھتار‬ahtār drivel, twaddle,
childish talk; lie, untruth, falsity,
falsehood
‫ ھتر‬hutr feeble-mindedness, dotage
‫ مھاترة‬muhātara abuse, revilement,
vituperation, insult; pl. -āt wrangle,
bickering
‫ تھاتر‬tahātur confrontation of similar
evidence (Isl. Law) 1017
‫ استھتار‬istihtār recklessness,
thoughtlessness; wantonness, unrestraint,
licentiousness; disdain, scorn
‫ مھتر‬muhtar driveling, twaddling,
raving; childish old man
‫ مستھتر‬mustahtir heedless, careless;
reckless, thoughtless, irresponsible;
wanton, unrestrained, uninhibited
‫ مستھتر‬mustahtar blindly devoted (‫ب‬
to), infatuated (‫ ب‬with), doting (‫ ب‬on)
2
‫ ھاتور‬look up alphabetically
‫ ھتف‬hatafa i (hatf) to coo (pigeons); -- (‫ھتاف‬
hutāt) to shout; to rejoice, shout with joy;
to acclaim, hail, cheer, applaud (‫ ل‬or ‫ب‬
s.o.); to jeer, boo (‫ ضد‬s.o.); to praise
 highly, extol (‫ ب‬s.th.) │ ‫ ھتف به‬to call out
to s.o.; ‫( ھتف به ھاتف‬hātifun) a voice called
out to him, an invisible force told him,
made him (do s.th.); ‫( ھتف بحياته‬bi-
ḥayātihī) to cheer s.o.; ‫( ھتف ثالثا‬talātan) to
give (‫ ل‬s.o.) three cheers VI to shout
encouragement to one another, encourage
one another (‫ على‬to do s.th.)
‫ ھتفة‬hatfa shout, cry, call
‫ ھتاف‬hutāf pl. -āt shout, cry, call;
exclamation of joy; hurrah; acclamation,
acclaim, applause; cheer (‫ ل‬to s.o.) │ ‫ھتاف‬
‫ الحرب‬h. al-ḥarb battle cry, war cry; ‫عاصفة‬
‫ الھتاف‬storm of applause, thundering
applause
‫ ھاتف‬hātif shouting, calling loudly; (in
earlier Sufism) invisible caller, voice; (pl.
‫ ھواتف‬hawātif) telephone; O loudspeaker;
pl. ‫ ھواتف‬exclamations, shouts, cries, calls
│ ‫ ھاتف القلب‬h. al-qalb inner voice; ‫بالھاتف‬
by telephone
‫ ھاتفي‬hātifī telephonic, telephone- (in
compounds)
‫ ھتك‬hataka i (hatk) to tear apart, rip apart (‫ھـ‬
s.th., esp., a curtain, a veil); to unveil,
uncover, discover, disclose, reveal (‫ھـ‬
s.th.); to disgrace, rape, ravish (‫ ھا‬a
woman) │ ‫‘( ھتك عرضه‬irḍahū) to disgrace
s.o. II to tear to shreds, rip to pieces, tatter
(‫ ھـ‬s.th.) V to get torn; to be exposed,
shown up, discredited, disgraced,
dishonored, ravished, raped; to give o.s.
over (‫ في‬to s.th. disgraceful); to be
disgraceful, dishonorable, shameless,
impudent VIII pass. of hataka
‫ ھتك‬hatk tearing, rending, ripping apart;
disclosure, exposure, exposé; dishonoring,
disgracing, degradation, debasement, rape,
ravishing │ ‫ ھتك األسرار‬disclosure,
uncovering of s.th. hidden
‫ ھتكة‬hutka dishonoring, disgracing,
degradation, debasement
‫ ھتيكة‬hatīka disgrace, scandal
‫ تھتك‬tahattuk shamelessness,
immorality; impudence, insolence
‫ متھتك‬mutahattik insolent, impudent;
shameless, dishonorable
‫ مستھتك‬mustahtik insolent, impudent;
shameless, dishonorable
‫ ھتامة‬hutāma s.th. broken off, fragment,
breakage
‫ اھتم‬ahtam2 f. ‫ ھتماء‬hatmā’2, pl. ‫ ھتم‬hutm
having no front tooth; toothless
‫ ھتن‬hatana i (hatn, ‫ ھتون‬hutūn) to discharge a
pouring rain (sky)
‫ ھتون‬hatūn rain-fraught, heavy with rain
(cloud)
‫ ھج‬hajja u (‫ ھجيج‬hajīj) to burn, be on fire, be
aflame; to flame, blaze, be ablaze II to set
ablaze, stir up, stoke (‫ ھـ‬the fire)
‫ ھجأ‬haja’a a (‫ ھجء‬liar, ‫ ھجوء‬hujū’) to be
appeased (hunger) IV ‫( أھجأ جوعه‬jū‘ahū) to
appease s.o.’s hunger
‫ ھجد‬hajada u (‫ ھجود‬hujūd) and V to stay awake
at night, keep a night vigil; to spend the
night in prayer 1018
‫ ھجر‬hajara u (hajr, ‫ ھجران‬hijrān) to emigrate;
to dissociate o.s., separate, part, secede,
keep away (‫ ه‬،‫ ھـ‬from), part company (‫ه‬
with ); to give up, renounce, forgo, avoid (
‫ ھـ‬s.th.); to abandon, surrender, leave
behind (‫ الى ھـ‬s.th. to s.o.), relinquish,
leave, give up, vacate (‫ ھـ‬s.th., ‫ الى‬in favor
of s.o.) II to induce (‫ ه‬s.o.) to emigrate in
to emigrate IV to leave, abandon, give up
(‫ ھـ‬s.th.); to talk nonsense, talk through
one’s hat VI to desert one another, part
company, separate, break up
‫ ھجر‬hajr abandonment, forsaking,
leaving, separation; avoidance, abstention;
separation from the beloved one; hottest
time of the day
‫ ھجر‬hujr obscene language
‫ ھجرة‬hijra departure, exit; emigration,
exodus; immigration (‫ الى‬to); ‫ الھجرة‬the
Hegira, the emigration of the Prophet
Mohammed from Mecca to Medina in 622
A.D. │ ‫ دار الھجرة‬Medina
.sA "'in of the Hegira. pertaining
to Mohammed’s emigration │ ‫سنة ھجرية‬
(sana) a year of the Hegira., a year of the
Muslim era (beginning with Mohammed’s
emigration)
‫ ھجرة‬hujra, hijra pl. ‫ ھجر‬hujar, hijar
agricultural settlement of the Wababi
Ikhwan in Nejd
 ‫ ھجراء‬hajrā’ obscene language‫ھجر‬
‫ ھجير‬hajīr midday heat
‫ ھجيرة‬hajīra midday heat, midday, noon
‫ مھجر‬mahjar pl. ‫ مھاجر‬mahājir2 place of
emigration, retreat, refuge, sanctuary;
emigration; settlement, colony
‫ ھجم‬hajama u (‫ ھجوم‬hujūm) to make for s.o. (
‫ مھاجر‬mahājir obscenities
‫ مھاجرة‬multajara emigration
‫ ھاجرة‬hājira pl. ‫ ھواجر‬hawājir2 midday
heat, midday, noon; -- (pl. -āt, ‫ھواجر‬
hawājir2) obscene language, obscenity
‫ ھاجري‬hājirī midday (adj.); excellent,
outstanding
‫ مھجور‬mahjūr abandoned, forsaken,
deserted; lonely, lonesome; in disuse, out
of use, obsolete, antiquated, archaic
‫ مھاجر‬muhājir emigrant, émigré;
‫ المھاجرون‬those Meccans who emigrated to
Medina in the early period of Islam
‫ ھجس‬hajasa u i (hajs) to occur all of a sudden (
‫ في نفسه‬to s.o.), come to s.o.’s mind (‫في‬
‫ ;)نفسه‬to mumble, mutter, talk to o.s.
‫ ھجس‬hajs idea, thought; foolish talk
‫ ھجسة‬hajsa pl. hajasāt idea, thought;
notion, concept; fear, apprehension,
anxiety, concern, misgiving, scruple; pl.
fixed ideas, apprehensions, misgivings
‫ ھجاس‬hajjās braggart, boaster, show-off
‫ ھاجس‬hājis pl. ‫ ھواجس‬hawājis2 idea,
thought; notion, concept; fear,
apprehension, anxiety, concern,
misgiving, scruple; pl. fixed ideas,
apprehensions, misgivings
‫( ھجص‬eg.) hagaṣ mischief, nuisance,
horseplay
‫ ھجع‬haja‘a a (‫ ھجوع‬hujū‘) to sleep peacefully;
to be or become calm, quiet, still; to be
silenced, calm down, subside (uproar,
excitement, and the like); -- (haj‘) to
appease (‫ ھـ‬the hunger) IV to allay,
appease (‫ ھـ‬the hunger)
‫ ھجعة‬haj‘a slumber
‫ ھجوع‬hujū‘ slumber; lull, calming
down; subsidence, abatement, letup,
remission, ebbing (e.g., of a disease)
‫ مھجع‬mahja‘ pl. ‫ مھاجع‬mahāji‘2 bed-
chamber; quarters, barracks room (Syr.,
mil.) │ ‫ رئيس المھجع‬approx.: barracks
orderly, barrack sergeant (Syr., mil.) 1019
‫ ھجل‬hajala u (hajl) to cast amorous glances,
make sheep’s eyes
‫)على‬, rush, pounce (‫ على‬upon s.o.); to
attack, assail, charge (‫ على‬s.o., s.th.); to
raid (‫ على‬s.th.); to take by surprise, capture
in a surprise attack, storm (‫ على‬s.th.); to
enter without permission (‫ على‬s.th.), force
one’s way (‫ على‬into), intrude, tresspass (
‫ على‬on), invade (‫ على‬s.th.); to keep quiet II
to make (‫ ه‬s.o.) attack, order s.o. (‫ )ه‬to
attack III to attack, assail, charge (‫ ه‬،‫ھـ‬
s.o., s.th.); to launch an attack (‫ ھـ‬on); to
make for s.th. (‫)ھـ‬, rush, pounce (‫ ھـ‬upon);
to raid (‫ ھـ‬s.th.); to assault (‫ ه‬s.o.), fall
upon s.o. (‫ ;)ه‬to intrude, trespass (‫ ھـ‬on),
invade (‫ ھـ‬s.th.) IV = II; V to fall upon (
‫ )على‬VI to attack one another VII to fall
down, collapse (house); to be in poor
health, be frail; to flew down (tears); to
shed tears (eye)
‫ ھجمة‬hajma pl. hajamāt attack, charge;
assault, onset, onslaught, raid, surprise
attack, coup de main; severity (of
winter)│ O ‫( ھجمة معاكسة‬mu‘ākisa)
counterattack
‫ ھجمي‬hajmī aggressive, violent,
outrageous, brutal
‫ ھجوم‬hajūm violent wind
‫ ھجوم‬hujūm attack, charge, assault,
onset, onslaught, raid; offensive; fit,
attack, paroxysm (of a disease); forward
line, forwards (in soccer, and the like) │
‫( ھجوم جانبي‬jānibī) flank attack; ‫ھجوم جوي‬
(jawwī) air raid; ‫( ھجوم مضاد‬muḍādd) or
‫( ھجوم معاكس‬mu‘ākis) counterattack; ‫خط‬
‫ الھجوم‬kaṭṭ al-h. forward line (in soccer,
and the like); ‫ قلب الھجوم‬qalb al-h. the
center forward (in soccer, and the like)
‫ ھجومي‬hujūmī aggressive, offensive
‫ مھاجمة‬muhājama attack, charge;
assault, onset, onslaught, raid; O police
raid, police roundup
‫ تھجم‬tahajjum pl. -āt assault, attack, raid
 ‫ مھاجم‬muhājim attacker, assailant,
aggressor; forward (in soccer, and the
like)
‫ ھجن‬hajuna a (‫ ھجنة‬hujna, ‫ ھجانة‬hajāna, ‫ھجونة‬
hujūna) to be incorrect or faulty II to
excoriate, flay, censure scathingly, run
down, disparage (‫ ه‬s.o.) X to consider (‫ھـ‬
s.th.) bad, wrong or improper; to
disapprove (‫ ھـ‬of s.th.), condemn, reject (‫ھـ‬
s.th.)
‫ ھجنة‬hujna fault, defect, shortcoming;
meanness, baseness
‫ ھجان‬hajjān pl. ‫ ھجانة‬hajjāna camel rider
‫ ھجين‬hajīn pl. ‫ ھجن‬hujun, ‫ ھجناء‬hujanā’2,
‫ مھاجين‬mahājīn2, ‫ مھاجنة‬mahājina low,
lowly, base, ignoble, mean; -- (pl. ‫ھجن‬
hujun) racing camel, dromedary
‫ ھجينة‬hajīna pl. ‫ ھجائن‬hajā’in2 racing
camel, dromedary
‫ استھجان‬istihjān disapproval,
disapprobation
‫ )ھجا )ھجو‬hajā u (hajw, ‫ ھجاء‬hijā’) to
ridicule, mock, satirize, disparage, run
down (‫ ه‬s.o.); to lampoon (‫ ه‬s.o.) II and V
to spell (‫ ه‬s.th.) III to compose defamatory
or satiric poems (‫ ه‬against s.o.), defame,
satirize, lampoon, ridicule, mock (‫ ه‬s.o.)
VI to ridicule each other in satiric verse
‫ ھجو‬hajw ridiculing, scoffing;
defamation, disparagement; lampoonery,
mockery, ridicule, irony; satiric poem,
satire
‫ ھجوي‬hajwī defamatory, denigrating,
disparaging, satiric ‫ ھدأ‬hada’a a (‫ ھدء‬had’, ‫ ھدوء‬hudū’) to be calm,
‫ ھجاء‬hijā’ derision, ridiculing, scoffing;
satire; defamatory poem; (pl. ‫ اھجية‬ahjiya)
spelling, successive order of letters;
alphabet
‫ ھجائي‬hijā’ī alphabetical; satiric 1020
‫ اھجوة‬uhjuwa and ‫ اھجية‬uhjīya pl. ‫اھاجي‬
ahājīy satiric poem, lampoon
‫ تھجية‬tahjiya and ‫ تھج‬tahajjin spelling
‫ ھاج‬hājin spelling; defamatory,
denigrating; mocker, scoffer, derider;
satirist
‫ ھد‬hadda u (hadd, ‫ ھدود‬hudūd) to break, crush,
break off, pull down, tear down, raze,
demolish, wreck, destroy (‫ ھـ‬s.th.); to
undermine, sap, weaken, ruin (‫ ه‬،‫ ھـ‬or ‫من‬
s.o., s.th.); -- i (‫ ھديد‬hadīd) to crash down,
fall down, collapse; -- a i (hadd) to be
weak and decrepit II to threaten, menace (
‫ ب ه‬s.o. with), scare, frighten, terrify,
daunt, cow, intimidate, brow-beat (‫ ه‬s.o.)
V do. VII to be or get torn down,
demolished, razed, wrecked; to fall down,
collapse, break down; to be broken down,
be dilapidated, be in ruins, be a wreck
‫ ھد‬hadd razing, pulling down,
wrecking; demolition, destruction
‫ ھدة‬hadda and ‫ ھديد‬hadīd heavy,
thudding fall; thud, crash (of s.th.
collapsing)
‫ ھداد‬hadād slowness, gentleness; ‫ھداديك‬
hadādaika gently! slowly! take it easy!
‫ مھدة‬mihadda, rock crusher, jawbreaker
‫ تھديد‬tahdīd pl. -āt threat, menace;
intimidation │ ‫ تھديد بالتشھير‬extortion by
threats of public exposure, blackmail
(jur.)
‫ تھديدي‬tahdīdī threatening, menacing
‫ تھدد‬tahaddud threat, menace;
intimidation
‫ مھدود‬mahdūd destroyed, demolished,
wrecked │ ‫ مھدود القوى‬m. al-quwā
weakened, debilitated, exhausted
‫ مھدد‬muhaddid menacing, threatening;
threatener, menacer
‫ مھدد‬muhaddad threatened, menaced
still, quiet, tranquil; to become calm, calm
down; to subside, abate, let up, die down
(storm, etc.); to stop, halt, linger, rest,
remain, stay (‫ ب‬at a place); to stop (‫عن‬
s.th., doing s.th.), cease (‫ عن‬to do s.th.) │
‫( ھدأ روعه‬rau‘uhū) to become composed,
calm down II to calm, quiet, pacify,
tranquilize, appease, soothe, placate,
temper, assuage, allay (‫ من‬or ‫ ھـ‬s.th., ‫ه‬
s.o.); O to slow down, drive slowly │ ‫ھدأ‬
‫( اعصابه‬a‘ṣābahū) to soothe the nerves; ‫ھدأ‬
‫( من روعه‬rau‘ihī) to reassure s.o., set s.o.’s
mind at rest; ‫ ھدئ روعك‬haddi’ rau‘aka
calm down! take it easy! don’t worry!
don’t be afraid! ‫( ھدئ من روعك‬rau‘ika)
 calm down! take it easy! IV = II; to lull (‫ھـ‬
a baby) to sleep
‫ ھدء‬had’ calm(ness), quiet(ness), peace,
tranquility, stillness
‫ ھداءة‬hadā’a calm, quiet, peace,
tranquility, stillness
‫ ھدوء‬hudū’ calm(ness), quiet(ness),
peace, tranquility, stillness │ ‫ بھدوء‬calmly,
quietly
‫ تھدئة‬tahdi’a calming, quieting,
pacification, tranquilization, appeasement,
reassurance; O slowing down, slow
driving
‫ ھادئ‬hādi’ calm, quiet, peaceful,
tranquil, still │ ‫ ھادئ القلب‬h. al-qalb
calm(ly), confident(ly); ‫ھادئ البال‬
composed(ly), with one’s mind at ease;
‫( المحيط الھادئ‬muḥīṭ) the Pacific Ocean
‫ ھدب‬hadaba a (hadab) to have long lashes
(eye); to have long, drooping branches
(tree) II to fringe, trim with fringes (‫ ھـ‬a
garment)
‫ ھدب‬hadb, hudub (coll.; n. un. ‫ )ة‬pl.
‫ اھداب‬ahdāb eyelashes; fringes │ ‫باھداب‬
trimmed with fringes, fringed; ‫تمسك باھدابه‬
(bi-ahdābihī) to be most devoted to s.o.,
be at s.o.’s beck and call, be under s.o.’s
1021 thumb; ‫ تمسك )تعلق( بأھداب الشيء‬to
adhere, cling to s.th.; ‫ اخذ بأھداب الشي‬to
apply o.s. to, attend to, engage in,
cultivate, practice s.th.
‫ ھدب‬hadib having long lashes
‫ أھدب‬ahdab2, f. ‫ ھدباء‬hadbā’ having long
lashes
‫ ھداب‬huddāb (coll.; n. un. ‫ )ة‬fringes;
edging, border
‫ ھدج‬hadaja i (hadj, ‫ ھدجان‬hadajān, ‫ ھداج‬hudāj)
to shamble, shuffle along, walk with
unsteady, tottering or tremulous steps (old
man), totter, hobble, limp II to make (‫ھـ‬
s.th.) tremble V to tremble, quaver, shake
(voice)
‫ ھودج‬haudaj pl. ‫ ھوادج‬hawādij2 camel
litter, howdah; sedan chair, litter
‫ ھدر‬hadara i (hadr, ‫ ھدير‬hadīr) to peal, rumble,
roll (thunder); to surge (sea); to roar
(lion); to bray (donkey, camel); to clamor,
raise a din, be noisy; to storm, rage, rant,
shout, bawl, bellow (person); to snarl (in a
fury); to bubble, boil, simmer; (with ‫ )ب‬to
blare s.th. out; -- u i (hadr, hadar) to be in
vain, be made to no avail (effort); to be
spent uselessly (money); to be abed in
vain or with impunity (blood); -- (hadr) to
shed in vain or with impunity (‫ ھـ‬blood);
to spend uselessly, squander, waste (‫ھـ‬
effort or money); to ruin (‫ ھـ‬the health) IV
to regard as nonexistent (‫ ھـ‬s.th.); to
consider invalid (‫ ھـ‬s.th.); to invalidate,
void (‫ ھـ‬s.th.); to thwart, foil, ruin (‫ ھـ‬s.th.)
‫ ھدرا‬hadran uselessly, to no avail; in
vain, for nothing, futilely │ ‫ ذھب ھدرا‬to
melt away uselessly, futilely, be spent in
vain, be wasted
‫ ھدر‬hudr fall, tumble
‫ ھدار‬haddār swirling, rushing,
torrential, roaring, raging; surging (sea);
weir; spillway, millrace
‫ ھدارة‬haddāra waterfall
‫ ھدير‬hadīr roaring, roar; surge, raging,
storming, uproar
‫ مھدر‬muhdar invalid, void
‫ ھدف‬hadafa u (hadf) to approach (‫ الى‬s.o. or
s.th.). draw or be near s.o. or s.th. (‫ ;)الى‬to
aim (‫ الى‬at) IV to approach (‫ الى‬s.o. or
s.th.), draw or be near s.o. or s.th. (‫ )الى‬V
to strut X to be exposed, be open (‫ ل‬or ‫الى‬
to a danger); to be susceptible or sensiitive
(‫ ل‬to); to make (‫ ھـ‬s.th.) one’s goal or
object, aim (‫ ھـ‬at), have before one’s eyes,
have in mind (‫ ھـ‬s.th.)
‫ ھدف‬hadaf pl. ‫ اھداف‬ahdāf target; aim,
end, object, objective, purpose, design,
intention; goal (in sports) │ ‫جعله ھدفا ل‬
make s.o. the target or object of …,
expose s.o. to s.th.; ‫ كان ھدفا ل‬to be
exposed, be open to ...; O ‫أھداف حربية‬
(ḥarbīya) military targets
‫ ھداف‬haddāf sharpshooter, marksman
‫ ھدفان‬hadafān (practice) target
‫ مستھدف‬mustahdif exposed, open (‫ ل‬to
s.th.)
‫ ھدل‬hadala i (‫ ھديل‬hadīl) to coo
(pigeon); -- i (hadf) to let down, let hang,
dangle (‫ ھـ‬s.th.); -- hadila a (hadal) and V
 to hang loosely, dangle; to flow, be wide
and loose (garment)
‫ اھدل‬ahdal2, f. ‫ ھدالء‬hadlā’2, pl. ‫ ھدل‬hudl
hanging down loosely, flowing
‫ مھدل‬muhaddal hanging down loosely,
flowing
‫ ھدم‬hadama i (hadm) to tear down, pull down,
rue, wreck, demolish, destroy (‫ ھـ‬s.th.); to
tear up (‫ ھـ‬s.th.) II to tear down, pull
down, rue, wreck, demolish, destroy (‫ھـ‬
s.th.); to tear up, blast, blow up (‫ ھـ‬s.th.) V
to be torn down, be razed, be demolished,
be destroyed, be wiped out; to be
dilapidated; to fall down, break down,
collapse VII do. 1022
‫ ھدم‬hadm razing, pulling down,
wrecking (of a building); demolition,
destruction
‫ ھدم‬hidm pl. ‫ اھدام‬ahdām, ‫ ھدم‬hidam old,
worn garment; pl. ‫ ھدوم‬hudūm clothes,
clothing
‫ ھدام‬haddām destructive
‫ ھدام‬hudām seasickness
‫ تھديم‬tahdīm wrecking, demolition,
destruction, annihilation
‫ تھدم‬tahaddum fall, downfall, crash,
collapse, breakdown
‫ ھادم‬hādim crushing, devastating,
annihilating, destructive; destroyer,
demolisher
‫ مھدوم‬mahdūm torn down, razed,
demolished, wrecked, destroyed
‫ مھدم‬muhaddam and ‫ متھدم‬mutahaddim
torn down, razed, demolished, wrecked,
destroyed; in ruins, dilapidated,
ramshackle, tumble-down
‫ مستھدم‬mustahdim dilapidated,
tumbledown (walls)
‫ ھدن‬hadana i (‫ ھدون‬hudūn) to be or become
quiet; to calm down, quiet down III to
conclude a truce (‫ ه‬with s.o.)
‫ ھدنة‬hudna pl. -āt calm(ness), quietness,
peace, tranquility, stillness; pause,
intermission, cessation; truce, armistice
‫ ھدن‬hidāna truce, armistice; peace
‫ ھدون‬hudūn calm(ness), quiet(ness),
peace, tranquility, stillness
‫ مھادنة‬muhādana conclusion of a truce,
truce negotiations
‫ ھدھد‬hadhada to rock, dandle (‫ ه‬a child)
‫ ھدھد‬hudhud pl. ‫ ھداھد‬hadāhid2 hoopoe
(zool.)
‫ ھدى‬hadā i (hady, ‫ ھدى‬hudan, ‫ ھداية‬hidāya) to
lead (‫ ه‬s.o.) on the right way, guide (‫ ه‬s.o.,
‫ ھـ‬on a course); to guide, show, direct (‫الى ه‬
s.o. to), show (‫ ه‬s.o.) the way (‫ الى‬to); to
lead (‫ ه‬s.o., to the true faith); to supply,
bring, procure (‫ ھـ‬s.th.); -- i (‫ ھداء‬hidā’) to
bring, load, conduct (‫ الى ھا‬the bride to the
bridegroom) III to exchange presents (‫ه‬
with s.o.) IV to bring, lead, conduct (‫الى ھا‬
the bride to the bridegroom); to give as a
present (‫ الى‬or ‫ ل ھـ‬s.th. to s.o.), present (‫الى‬
or ‫ ل‬s.o., ‫ ھـ‬with), make s.o. (‫ الى‬or ‫ )ل‬a
present of (‫ ;)ھـ‬to dedicate (‫ الى‬or ‫ ل ھـ‬s.th.
to s.o.), confer, bestow, award (‫ ھـ‬e.g., an
order); to send, convey, transmit (‫ ھـ ه‬to
s.o. s.th.) V to be rightly guided, be led
well; to get (‫ الى‬to), reach (‫ الى‬a place,
s.th.) VI to make each other presents,
exchange presents; to exchange among
each other (‫ ھـ‬s.th., also ‫ التحية‬at-taḥīya to
exchange greetings, greet or salute each
other); to guide, load, conduct, take, bring
(‫ ه‬s.o.); to sway to and fro, swing
rhythmically (in walking); to walk with a
swinging gait; to stride; to move forward.
Move on, advance; to get (‫ الى‬to), reach (
‫ الى‬a place); to get as far as (‫)الى‬, penetrate
(‫ الى‬to); to flock (‫ الى‬to s.o.), rally (‫الى‬
around s.o.) VIII to be rightly guided, be
led on the right way; to be led, be shown,
be taken (‫الى‬, J to); to find the way (‫ الى‬to);
to find, detect, discover (‫ الى‬s.th.), come
upon s.th. (‫ ;)الى‬to hit upon s.th. (‫ الى‬or ‫ل‬,
e.g., an idea), be made aware, think (‫ الى‬or
‫ ل‬of), arrive (‫ الى‬or ‫ ل‬at); to be led back,
find one’s way back (‫ الى‬to the true faith,
‫ من‬away from evil); to be guided (‫ ب‬by
s.o.), take (‫ ب‬s.o. or s.th.) as an example
or model, follow s.o.’s (‫ )ب‬load X to ask
to be rightly guided, pray for divine
guidance, seek the right way
‫ ھدي‬hady guidance, direction; way,
road, course, direction; manner, mode,
fashion
 ‫ ھدى‬hudan right guidance (esp., in a
religious sense); guiding, leading (of 1023
s.o.); right way. true religion │ ‫كان على ھدى‬
to be on the right way; to embrace the true
religion; ‫ على غير ھدى‬aimlessly, at random;
‫ سار على غير ھدى‬to wander aimlessly
‫ ھدية‬hadya, hidya (line of) conduct,
procedure, policy, course, way, direction;
manner, mode, fashion
‫ ھدية‬hadīya pl. ‫ ھدايا‬hadāyā gift, present,
donation; offering, sacrifice
‫ ھداية‬hidāya guidance │ ‫على غير ھداية‬
without divine guidance, aimlessly, at
random
‫ اھدى‬ahdā better guided; more correct,
more proper, better
‫ اھداء‬ihdā’ presentation; donation,
grant(ing); award, bestowal, conferment;
dedication (of a book)
‫ ھاد‬hādin pl. -ūn, ‫ ھداة‬hudāh leading,
guiding; leader, guide
‫ مھدي‬mahdīy rightly guided; Mahdi
‫ مھتد‬muhtadin rightly guided
‫ ھذا‬hādā (dem. pron.), f. ‫ ھذه‬hādihī, ‫ ھذي‬hādī,
pl. ‫ ھؤالء‬hā’ulā’i, dual m. ‫ ھذان‬hādāni, f.
‫ ھاتان‬hātāni this one, this │ ‫ بھذا‬bi-hādā
hereby, herewith; ‫ لھذا‬li-hādā therefore, for
this reason; ‫ مع ھذا‬herewith; in spite of it,
nevertheless; ‫( ھذا الى ان‬ilā an) besides,
moreover, furthermore, what’s more; ‫ھذا و‬
besides, moreover, furthermore, what’s
more; on the other hand; ‫( ھذا ويوجد‬yūjadu)
besides, there is ...
‫ ھذب‬hadaba i (hadb) to prune, trim (‫ ھـ‬s.th.); to
clean. purify, cleanse, smooth (‫ ھـ‬s.th.),
polish (‫ ھـ‬s.th., also fig., e.g., the style) II
do.; to improve, refine (‫ ھـ‬s.th.); to rectify,
set right, correct (‫ ھـ‬s.th.); to check, revise
(‫ ھـ‬s.th.); to bring up (‫ ه‬a child); to
educate, instruct (‫ ه‬s.o.) V pass. of II
‫ تھذيب‬tadīb expurgation, emendation,
correction; rectification; revision; training;
instruction; education, upbringing;
culture, refinement
‫ تھذيبي‬tahdībī of or pertaining to
education, educational, educative;
instructive, didactic
‫ تھذب‬tahaddub upbringing, manners,
education
‫ مھذب‬muhaddib teacher, educator
‫ مھذب‬muhaddab well-mannered, well-
bred, refined, polished, urbane, cultured,
educated, well-behaved, polite, courteous
‫ متھذب‬mutahaddib well-mannered, well-
bred, refined, polished, urbane, cultured,
educated, well-behaved, polite, courteous
‫ ھذر‬hadara u i (hadr) to prattle, babble, prate,
talk nonsense; to blurt out, blab (‫ ب‬s.th.) II
to joke, make fun, jest
‫ ھذر‬hadr prattle, babble, idle talk;
raillery, taunting words
‫ ھذر‬hadar prattle, babble, idle talk;
mockery, scoffing
‫ ھذر‬hadir prattling, garrulous
‫ ھذرم‬hadrama to babble, jabber, prattle, prate
‫ ھذلول‬hudlūl pl. ‫ ھذاليل‬hadālīl2 elevation,
hillock; little river, small stream
‫ خط ھذلولي‬kaṭṭ hudlūlī hyperbola (math.)
‫ ھذى‬hadā i (hady, ‫ ھذيان‬hadayān) to talk
irrationally, rave, be delirious
‫ ھذاء‬hudā’ raving, irrational talk,
delirium
‫ ھذيان‬hadayān senseless jabber,
rigmarole, raving, drivel, delirium; state of
absennt-mindedness; folly; madness,
insanity, mania, craze; hallucination
‫ ھاذ‬hādin delirious, raving 1024
‫ ھر‬harra i (‫ ھرير‬harīr) to growl; to whimper,
whine
‫ ھر‬hirr pl. ‫ ھررة‬hirara tomcat; cat
‫ ھرة‬hirra pl. ‫ ھرر‬hirar cat
‫ ھرير‬harīr growling, growl; yelping,
whining, whimper(ing); spitting (of a cat)
‫ ھريرة‬huraira kitten
‫ ھرأ‬hara’a a to tear, lacerate (‫ ھـ‬s.th.); to wear
out, wear off (‫ ھـ‬a garment); to affect
strongly, beset grievously, try, wear out,
harm, hurt (‫ ه‬s.o.); to irritate (‫ ھـ‬the skin);
to he hitingly cold (wind) II to cook too
much, overdo (‫ ھـ‬meat) IV = II; V to he
overdone (meat); to he tom, lacerated VIII
 to he tom, lacerated, mangled, torn to
pieces; to be worn out, shabby
‫ ھراء‬hurā’ prattle, idle talk
‫ مھترئ‬muhtari’ overdone, boiled to
shreds; torn, lacerated, mangled; worn out,
shabby
‫ ھرب‬haraba u (harab, ‫ ھروب‬hurūb, ‫مھرب‬
mahrab, ‫ ھربان‬harabān) to flee (‫ الى‬to); to
escape (‫ من‬a danger); to desert; to run
away, elope (‫ مع‬with) II to help (‫ ه‬s.o.) to
escape; to force to flee, put to flight (‫ه‬
s.o.); to liberate, free (‫ ه‬a prisoner) ; to
rescue (‫ ھـ‬a distrained or impounded thing;
jur.); to engage in illicit trade, to traffic; to
smuggle V to escape, elude (‫ من‬s.th.); to
shirk, dodge, evade (‫ من‬a duty, or the like)
‫ ھرب‬harab flight, escape, getaway;
desertion; elopement
‫ ھروب‬hurūb flight
‫ ھربان‬harbān fugitive, runaway, on the
run; a runaway, a fugitive, a refugee
‫ ھراب‬harrāb coward
2
‫ مھرب‬mahrab pl. ‫ مھارب‬mahārib (place
of) refuge, retreat, sanctuary; flight,
escape, getaway │ ‫( ال مھرب منه‬mahraba)
inescapable, unavoidable
‫ تھريب‬tahrīb illicit trade, trafficking;
smuggling, smuggle, contrabandism
‫ ھارب‬hārib fugitive, runaway, on the
run; a runaway, a fugitive, a refugee;
deserter; see also alphabetically
‫ مھرب‬muharrib illicit dealer, trafficker;
smuggler
‫ مھرب‬muharrab pl. -āt smuggled goods,
contraband
‫ ھرج‬haraja i (harj) to he excited, agitated, in
commotion II to make (‫ ه‬s.o.) drunk,
befuddle, cloud, fog, blur (‫ ه‬s.o.’s mind or
perceptions); to joke, make fun, jest (‫ في‬in
conversation)
‫ ھرج‬harj excitement, agitation,
commotion; disorder, muddle, confusion
│ ‫( ھرج ومرج‬wa-marj) turmoil, confusion,
chaos
‫ مھرج‬muharrij jester, clown, buffoon
‫ ھرجلة‬harjala chaos, muddle, confusion
‫ ھردبشت‬hardabašt buncombe, nonsense; trash,
rubbish, junk
‫ ھرس‬harasa u (hars) to crush, mash, squash,
bruise, pound (‫ ھـ‬s.th.); to tenderize by
beating, pound until tender (‫ ھـ‬meat)
‫ ھرس‬harīsa a dish of meat and bulgur;
(eg.) a sweet pastry made of flour, melted
butter and sugar
‫ ھراس‬harrās pl. -āt steamroller
O ‫ آلة ھراسة‬āla harrāsa steamroller
‫ مھراس‬mihrās pl. ‫ مھاريس‬mahārīs2
mortar
‫ ھرش‬II to sow dissension (‫ بين‬between, among)
III to quarrel, wrangle (‫ ه‬with); to dally,
joke, banter (‫ ه‬with) 1025
‫ ھرش‬harš scratching; wear and tear,
attrition, depreciation (of tools,
machinery, etc.)
‫ ھراش‬hirāš quarrel, wrangle
‫ مھروش‬mahrūš worn out, battered
‫ ھرطق‬harṭaqa to become a heretic
‫ ھرطقة‬haṭaqa heresy
‫ ھرطوقي‬harṭūqī pl. ‫ ھراطقة‬harāṭiqa
heretic (Chr.)
‫ ھراطقي‬harāṭiqī heretic (Chr.)
‫ ھرطمان‬harṭamān a brand of oats
‫ ھرع‬hara‘a a (hara‘) and pass. huri‘a to hurry,
hasten, rush (‫ الى‬to) II pass. hurri‘a and IV
ahra‘a do.
‫ ھرع‬hara‘ hurry, haste, rush
‫ ھراع‬hurā‘ hurry, haste, rush
‫ ھرف‬harafa i (harf) to praise excessively,
shower with extravagant praise (‫ ب‬s.th.
or s.o.)
‫ ھرق‬haraqa a (harq) to shed, spill (‫ ھـ‬s.th.) IV
do.; to sacrifice (‫ ھـ‬s.th.)
‫ مھراق‬muhrāq poured out, spilled
‫ مھرقان‬mahraqān, muhraqān,
muhruqān shore, coast; ocean
‫ اھراق‬ihrāq shedding, spilling │ ‫اھراق‬
‫ الدماء‬i. ad-dimā’ bloodshed
‫ مھرق‬muhraq spilled, shed; -- (pl. ‫مھارق‬
mahāriq2) parchment; O wax paper
‫ ھرقل‬hiraql2, hirqil2 Heraclius (Byzantine
emperor); Hercules
‫ ھرم‬harima a (haram, ‫ مھرم‬mahram, ‫مھرمة‬
mahrama) to become senile and decrepit
II to mince, chop (‫ ھـ‬s.th.)
‫ ھرم‬haram decrepitude, senility; old
age
‫ ھرم‬haram pl. ‫ اھرام‬ahrām, ‫اھرامات‬
ahrāmāt pyramid │ O ‫ ھرم ناقص‬frustum of
pyramid, truncated pyramid (math.)
‫ ھرمي‬haramī pyramidlike, pyramidical,
pyramidal
‫ اھرامي‬ahrāmī pyramidlike,
pyramidical, pyramidal
‫ ھرم‬harim decrepit, senile; advanced in
years, aged, old; old man
‫ ھرمس‬harmasa to he grave, stern, gloomy
(face)
‫ ھرمون‬hormōn pl. -āt hormone
‫ ھرھر‬harhara to move, shake (‫ ھـ‬s.th.); to
attack (‫ على‬s.o.)
1
‫ )ھرا )ھرو‬harā u (harw) to cane, thrash,
wallop (‫ ه‬s.o.)
‫ ھراوة‬harāwa pl. ‫ ھراوى‬harāwa stick,
cane; cudgel, truncheon, club
2
‫ ھراة‬harāh Herat (city in NW Afghanistan)
‫ ھروي‬harawī of Herat
‫ ھرول‬harwala to walk fast; to burry, hasten,
rush (‫ الى‬to)
‫ ھرولة‬harwala quick pace, haste, hurry
‫ مھرول‬muharwal hurrying, speeding; in
a hurry
‫ ھري‬hury pl. ‫ اھراء‬ahrā’ granary
‫ ھار‬hārin reeling, tottering, unsteady
‫ ھز‬hazza u (hazz) to shake (‫ ب‬or ‫ ھـ‬s.th.); to
swing, brandish, wave (‫ ھـ‬a lance or
sword); to jolt to and fro, jog, rook (‫ ه‬s.o.);
to make (‫ ه‬s.o.) tremble; to convulse,
shake, rock, upset, sway (‫ ھـ‬s.th.) │ ‫ھز‬
‫( كتفيه‬katifaihi) to shrug (one’s shoulders);
‫( ھز رأسه‬ra’sahū) to nod, shake one’s
head; ‫( ھز ذيله‬dailahū) to wag its tail II to
shake, swing, brandish, wave (‫ ھـ‬s.th.) V
to be moved, agitated, shaken, jolted,
upset, convulsed, receive a shock; to
move, stir, shake, sway, swing, vibrate,
oscillate VIII do.; to tremble, quake,
quiver; to be moved, touched, deeply
affected (‫ ل‬by ); to rock (rider on 1026 a
camel) │ ‫ ال نھتز له كثيرا‬this won’t affect us
greatly, this is not likely to disconcert us,
this will hardly cause us any headache;
‫( اھتز فرحا‬faraḥan) to tremble with joy; ‫اھتز‬
‫( اليه قلبه‬qalbuhū) to be elated by s.th.
‫ ھزة‬hazza (n. vic.) pl. -āt motion,
movement, stir, commotion, agitation;
convulsion; jolt, jog, push; O (electric)
shook; vibration, oscillation; tremor,
shake │ ‫( ھزة ارضية‬arḍīya) seismic shock,
earthquake; ‫ الفرح‬،‫)ھزة السرور )الطرب‬
(ṭarab, faraḥ) joyous excitement, delight,
rapture
‫ ھزة‬hizza liveliness, vivacity, high
spirits
‫ ھزاز‬hazzāz shaking, jolting; rocking;
rolling, swinging; shaker (in concrete
construction, for coal, and the like)
‫ ھزيز‬hazīz bluster(ing), sough (of the
wind); rumbling, roll (of thunder)
‫ مھزة‬mahazza excitement, agitation
‫ تھزيز‬tahzīz movement, agitation,
shaking
‫ اھتزاز‬ihtizāz convulsion, shock;
trembling, shaking, tremor; swinging,
oscillation, vibration; excitement,
agitation, commotion, emotion
‫ اھتزازة‬ihtizāza (n. vic.) tremor,
vibration
‫ مھتز‬muhtazz trembling, tremulous,
shaking, quivering
‫ ھزأ‬haza’a, ‫ ھزئ‬hazi’a a (‫ ھزء‬haz’, huz’, ‫ھزؤ‬
huzu’, ‫ ھزوء‬huzū’, ‫ مھزأة‬mahza’a) to scoff,
jeer, sneer, laugh (‫ من‬or ‫ ب‬at), make fun (
‫ من‬or ‫ ب‬of), deride, ridicule, mock (‫ من‬or
s.o.) V and X to deride, mock (‫ من‬or ‫ب‬
s.o., s.th., also ‫)على‬
‫ ھزء‬haz’, huz’ and ‫ ھزؤ‬huzu’ derision,
scorn, disdain, contempt; mockery
‫ ھزئي‬huz’ī mocking, derisive
‫ ھزأة‬haz’a object of ridicule, butt of
derision, laughingstock
 ‫ ھزأة‬huza’a mocker, sarcast; scorner,
disdainer, despiser
‫ مھزأة‬mahza’a derision, loom, disdain,
contempt; mockery; scornful laughter,
sneer
‫ استھزاء‬istihzā’ mockery, ridicule,
derision, scorn │ ‫ باستھزاء‬mockingly,
derisively
‫ ھازئ‬hāzi’ mocker, scoffer
‫ مستھزئ‬mustahzi’ mocker, scoffer
‫ ھزبر‬hizabr, hizbar pl. ‫ ھزابر‬hazābir2 lion
‫ ھزج‬hazija a to sing
‫ ھزج‬hazaj name of a poetic meter
‫ اھزوجة‬uhzūja pl. ‫ اھازيج‬ahāzīj2 song
1
‫ ھزر‬hazara i (hazr) to laugh II (eg.) to joke,
make fun, jest
‫ ھزار‬hizār (eg.) joking, jesting, fun-
making
2
‫ ھزار‬hazār pl. -āt nightingale
‫ ھزع‬haza’a a (haz’), to hurry, be quick V do.
‫ ھزع‬hazī’ part of the night
‫ ھزل‬hazala i (hazl, huzl), hazila a (hazal) and
pass. huzila to be emaciated, lean, skinny;
to loss weight, become lean, skinny,
emaciated; -- hazala i (hazl) to joke, talk
lightly, jokingly; to cause to lose weight,
make lean, emaciate, enervate (‫ ه‬s.o.) II to
emaciate, waste away, enervate (‫ ه‬s.o.) III
to joke, make fun, jest (‫ ه‬with s.o.) IV to
emaciate, waste away, enervate (‫ ه‬s.o.) VII
to be or become lean
‫ ھزل‬had joking, jesting, fun
‫ ھزلي‬hazlī jocular, funny, amusing,
droll, humorous; humoristic; comical
1027
‫ ھزلية‬hazlīya or ‫ رواية ھزلية‬comedy
(theat.)
‫ ھزل‬hazil joker, jester, funnyman, wag,
wit
‫ ھزال‬huzāl emaciation; leanness,
skinniness
‫ ھزال‬hazzāl joker, jester, funnyman,
wag, wit
‫ ھزيل‬hazīl pl. ‫ ھزلى‬hazlā lean, skinny,
emaciated
‫ مھزلة‬mahzala pl. -āt, ‫ مھازل‬mahāzil2
comedy
‫ ھازل‬hāzil joking, jocose, jocular,
funny, humorous, amusing; joker, wag,
wit │ ‫( صحف ھازلة‬ṣuḥuf) funnies, comics
‫ مھزول‬mahzūl pl. ‫ مھازيل‬mahāzīl2
emaciated, wasted, haggard, gaunt; weak,
feeble
‫ ھزم‬hazama i (hazm) to put to flight, rout,
vanquish, defeat (‫ ه‬the enemy); to put out
of action, neutralize (‫ ه‬an opponent) VII to
be defeated, be routed, be put to flight
‫ ھزم‬hazm vanquishing, routing; defeat
‫ ھزيم‬hazīma roll of thunder, rumbling,
rumble, thunder; fleeing, fugitive, in
flight, on the run
‫ ھزيمة‬hazīma pl. ‫ ھزائم‬hazā’im2 defeat,
rout │ O ‫ روح الھزيمة‬rūḥ al-h. defeatism
‫ انھزام‬inhizām (suffering of) defeat,
frustration; rout, (disorganized) flight
‫ انھزامي‬inhizāmī pl. -ūn defeatist
‫ انھزامية‬inhizāmīya defeatism
‫ ھزھز‬hazhaza to move, agitate, shake, jolt,
shock, convulse, upset (‫ ه‬،‫ ھـ‬s.o., s.th.) II
tahazhaza to be moved, agitated, shaken,
convulsed, upset, receive a shock
‫ ھزھزة‬hazhaza pl. ‫ ھزاھز‬hazāhiz2
movement, agitation, shock, convulsion,
commotion, disturbance
‫ ھس‬hass i (hass) to whisper
‫ ھس‬hass whisper, whispering; soliloquy
‫ ھس‬huss hush! quiet! silence!
‫ ھسيس‬hasīs whisper, whispering sound
‫ ھستولوجيا‬histōlōjiyā histology
‫ ھستيريا‬and ‫ ھيستيريا‬histēriyā hysteria
‫ ھيستيري‬histērī hysteric(al)
1
‫ ھش‬hašša i (‫ ھشوشة‬hušūša) to be crisp (bread)
-- u i (‫ ھشاش‬hašāš, ‫ ھشاشة‬hašāša) to be in
good spirits, display a cheerful mien, wear
a smile; to smile (‫ ل‬or ‫ ب‬at s.o.), meet s.o.
(‫ ل‬or ‫ )ب‬in a courteous, amiable manner,
receive s.o. kindly; to cheer up (‫ ل‬over or
because of), be delighted (‫ ل‬by); -- u to
 drive away, chase away (‫ ھـ‬flies, and the
like); -- u i (hašš) to chop off (‫على ھـ‬
leaves for the cattle) II to cheer up,
enliven (‫ ه‬s.o.), raise s.o.’s (‫ )ه‬spirits
‫ ھش‬hašš delicate, fragile; crisp, brittle,
crumbly, friable; fresh and soft; gay,
cheerful, happy, lively, brisk
‫ ھشاش‬haššāš soft, crumbly, friable
‫ ھشيش‬hašīš soft
‫ ھشاشة‬hašāša gaiety, cheerfulness,
happiness
‫ ھاش‬hāšš crisp, blithe, cheerful, bright-
faced │ ‫( ھاش باش‬bāšš) gay and happy
2
‫ ھش‬hušš hush! quiet! silence!
‫ ھشم‬hašama i (hašm) and II to destroy (‫ھـ‬
s.th.); to smash (‫ ھـ‬s.th.); to crush (‫ ھـ‬s.th.)
V and VII to be or get smashed, destroyed
‫ ھشيم‬hašīm frail, fragile; dry stalks,
straw, chaff
‫ ھاشمي‬hāšimī Hashemite
‫ مھشم‬muhaššam destroyed (city);
crushed 1028
‫ ھصر‬haṣara i (haṣr) to pull toward o.s., bend
down (‫ ھـ‬s.th., e.g., a branch); to produce a
crack or break (‫ ھـ‬in), crack, break (‫ھـ‬
s.th.)
‫ ھصور‬haṣūr epithet of the lion
‫ ھض‬haḍḍa u (haḍḍ) to walk fast, move
briskly, advance, progress, get on
‫ ھضب‬haḍaba i (haḍb) to be long-winded,
verbose
‫ ھضبة‬haḍba pl. ‫ ھضاب‬hiḍāb hill,
elevation, mountain
‫ ھضم‬haḍama i (haḍm) to digest (‫ ھـ‬the food; of
the stomach); to oppress, terrorize,
outrage, wrong, treat with injustice (‫ ه‬s.o.);
to stand, bear, endure (‫ ه‬s.o.); to stomach (
‫ ھـ‬s.th.), put up with s.th. (‫ )ھـ‬VII to be
digested VIII to oppress, wrong (‫ ه‬s.o.), do
(‫ ه‬s.o.) an injustice
‫ ھضم‬haḍm digestion; patience, long-
suffering │ ‫ ھضم الجانب‬forbearance,
compliance, indulgence; ‫ سھل الھضم‬sahl al-
h. easily digestible, light
‫ ھضمي‬haḍmī digestive, alimentary
‫ ھضوم‬haḍūm digestible, agreeing,
wholesome
‫ ھضيم‬haḍīm digested; digestible;
oppressed, terrorized, outraged; slender,
slim
‫ ھضيمة‬ha4ima encroachment, inroad,
injustice, wrong, outrage, oppression
‫ انھضام‬inhiḍām digestion; digestibility
‫ مھضوم‬mahḍūm digested; digestible;
oppressed, terrorized, outraged
‫ ھطع‬IV to protrude the neck (in walking) │
‫‘( اھطع في العدو‬adw) to run fast
‫ ھطل‬haṭala i (haṭl, ‫ ھطالن‬haṭalān, ‫ تھطال‬tahṭāl)
to flow in torrents, fall heavily, pour down
(rain) VI do.
‫ ھطل‬hiṭl wolf
‫ ھطول‬huṭūl: ‫ ھطول األمطار‬h. al-amṭār
downpour, heavy rain
‫ ھيطل‬haiṭal pl. ‫ ھياطلة‬hayāṭila, ‫ھياطل‬
hayāṭil2 fox
‫ ھف‬haffa i (‫ ھفيف‬hafīf) to pass swiftly,
flit put; to flash; to brush, touch lightly; --
i (haff, hafīf) to blow, whiffle, sough
(wind); to spread, waft (fragrance) │ ‫ھفت‬
‫( نفسه الى‬nafsuhū) he yearned for …; ‫ھف‬
‫ على باله‬it occurred to him all of a sudden,
it flashed across his mind
‫ ھف‬hiff empty; light, light-headed,
thoughtless, frivolous
‫ ھفاف‬haffāf flashing, sparkling, shining;
blowing (wind); light, fleeting; thin and
transparent, diaphanous
‫ الھفوف‬al-hufūf Hofuf (chief town of al-
Hasa district in E Saudi Arabia)
‫ مھفة‬mahaffa fan; feather duster
‫ مھفوف‬mahfūf light-headed,
irresponsible, reckless, unscrupulous
‫ ھفت‬hafata i (haft, ‫ ھفات‬hufāt) to fall
down, collapse; to be nonsensical, absurd;
to talk nonsense VI to pounce, rush, fall,
plunge (‫ على‬on or into); to crowd in (‫على‬
on), throng, flock (‫ على‬to), tumble one
over the other, fall all over themselves; to
suffer a breakdown; to cave in, collapse,
break down; to be broken, wrecked,
ruined (nerves)
 ‫ ھفتان‬haftān (eg.) weak, exhausted,
spent, weakened
‫ تھافت‬tahāfut collapse, breakdown │
‫ تھافت األعصاب‬nervous breakdown
‫ ھافت‬hāfit wrong, erroneous (opinion)
‫ مھفوت‬mahfūt baffled, startled,
perplexed
‫ الھافر‬look up alphabetically
‫ ھفھف‬hafhafa to be slender, slim; to float in the
air II tahafhafa to be slender, slim 1029
‫ ھفھفة‬hafhafa sough, whispering of the
wind
‫ ھفھاف‬hafhāf slender, slim, svelte;
slight, frail, delicate; thin, sparse (e.g.,
beard); diaphanous, transparent,
gossamery; light, weightless, defying
gravity; flowing, waving, fluttering
‫ مھفھف‬muhafhif slender, slim, svelte;
thin
‫ )ھفا )ھفو‬hafā u (hafw, ‫ ھفوة‬hafwa, ‫ھفوان‬
hafawan) to slip, commit a lapse, make a
mistake; to err; to be weak with hunger,
famished, starved; to hurry, rush (‫ الى‬to);
to reach quickly (‫ الى‬for s.th.), snatch (‫الى‬
at s.th.); with ‫ب‬: to induce s.o. (‫ الى‬to),
tempt s.o. to do s.th. (‫ الى(؛ )ھفو‬hafw,
hufuw) to flutter, fly, float in the air; to
throb violently, beat feverishly, flutter, be
passionately excited, be impassioned
(heart; esp., with love); to feel a desire,
yearn (‫ الى‬for)
‫ ھفوة‬hafwa pl. hafawāt slip, lapse, error,
mistake, fault, offense, sin
‫ ھاف‬hāfin famished, starved
‫ ھكتار‬hiktār pl. -āt hectare
‫ ھكذا‬hākadā so, thus, this way, in this manner
‫ ھيكل‬look up alphabetically
‫ ھكم‬V to be dilapidated, ramshackle, tumble-
down, to fall down, collapse; to mock,
scoff; to make fun (‫ ب‬or ‫ على‬or ‫ ه‬of s.o.),
ridicule, deride, jeer (‫ ه‬،‫ على‬،‫ ب‬s.o.); to be
annoyed (‫ على‬by), regret (‫ على‬s.th.)
‫ اھكومة‬uhkūma derision, mockery, taunt,
gibe
‫ تھكم‬tahakkum mockery, derision, scorn,
irony; sarcasm
‫ تھكمي‬tahakkumī mocking, derisive,
sarcastic, scornful
‫ متھكم‬mutahakkim mocking, ironical
1
‫ ھل‬hal interrogative particle introducing direct
and indirect question; also preceding the
first part of an alternative question: ‫ أم‬-- ‫ھل‬
hal -- am whether -- or
‫ ھال‬hallā = ‫ ھل ال‬is (or does) not ...? why
not?
2
‫ ھل‬halla i (hall) to appear, come up, show
(new moon); to begin, let in (month) II to
say the words lā ilāha illā llāh; to shout
with joy, rejoice, exult, jubilate; to
applaud, acclaim, cheer (‫ ل‬s.o.) IV to
appear (new moon); to cheer, exult; to
offer up (‫ ل ب‬an animal to a deity) V to
shine, gleam, glow, be radiant; to beam
with joy (face); to be delighted, jubilant;
to cheer. rejoice, exult, jubilate VII to fall
heavily, pour down (rain); to begin (‫في‬
with), take up, undertake, tackle, attack (
‫ في‬s.th.), embark (‫ في‬upon) X to begin, set
in (new month); to raise one’s voice; to
intone, strike up (‫ ھـ‬a tune); to begin, start
(‫ ھـ‬a task); to open, begin, introduce,
initiate (‫ ب ھـ‬s.th. with or by)
‫ ھالل‬hilāl pl. ‫ اھلة‬ahilla, ‫ اھاليل‬ahālīl2
new moon; half-moon, crescent;
parenthesis; any crescent-shaped object
‫ ھاللي‬hilālī lunar; crescent-shaped,
lunate, sickle-shaped
‫ ھلل‬halal fright, terror, dismay
‫ تھليل‬tahlīl pl. ‫ تھاليل‬tahālīl2 utterance of
the formula lā ilāha illā llāh; rejoicing,
exultation, jubilation; applause,
acclamation, acclaim, cheering, cheers
‫ تھلل‬tahallul joy, jubilation, exultation
‫ استھالل‬istihlāl beginning, opening,
introduction, initiation
‫ استھاللي‬istihlālī incipient, initial,
starting, opening, introductory, initiative
‫ مھلل‬muhallal crescent-shaped, lunate
1030
‫ متھلل‬mutahallil jubilant, rejoicing,
exultant; radiant, beaming
‫ مستھل‬mustahall beginning, start, outset
‫ ھلب‬haliba a (halab) to be hairy, covered with
hair
‫ ھلب‬halib hairy, covered with hair;
shaggy, hirsute
‫ ھلب‬hulb (coll.; n. un. ‫ )ة‬hair, bristles
‫ ھلب‬hilb pl. ‫ اھالب‬ahlāb anchor, grapnel,
grappling iron, boat hook
‫ اھلب‬ahlab2, f. ‫ ھلباء‬halbā’2, pl. ‫ ھلب‬hulb
hairy, hirsute, shaggy
‫ ھالبة‬hulāba lochia (med.)
‫ مھلبية‬muhallabīya a dessert resembling
blancmange, made of rice flour, milk and
sugar
‫ ھليلج‬halīlaj and ‫ اھليلج‬ihlīlaj myrobalan, emblic
(fruit of Phyllanthus emblica L.; bot.);
ellipse (geom.)
‫ اھليلجي‬ihlīlajī elliptic(al)
1
‫ ھلس‬halasa i (hals) to emaciate, consume,
waste away (‫ ه‬s.o.; of a disease); pass.
hulisa to be consumptive, suffer from
pulmonary tuberculosis II to waste away,
become lean, emaciated, haggard; to talk
nonsense IV to smile
‫ ھلس‬hals emaciation, wasting away;
pulmonary tuberculosis, consumption,
phthisis; nonsense, bosh, silly talk
2
‫ھلوسة‬look up alphabetically
‫ ھلسنكي‬helsinkī Helsinki (capital of Finland)
‫ ھلع‬hali‘a a (hala‘) to be impatient or restless,
be anxious, be in despair
‫ ھلع‬hala‘ impatience, restlessness,
uneasiness; fear, burning anxiety; alarm,
dismay
‫ ھلع‬hal‘ impatient, restless, uneasy,
anxious; dismayed, appalled
‫ ھلوع‬halū‘ impatient, restless, uneasy,
anxious; dismayed, appalled
‫ ھلوف‬hillauf bearded; bristly
‫ ھلقم‬halqama to gulp down, devour (‫ ھـ‬s.th.)
‫ ھلك‬halaka i (halk, hulk, ‫ ھالك‬halāk, ‫تھلكة‬
tahluka) to perish; to die; to be
annihilated, wiped out, destroyed II and
IV to ruin, destroy (‫ ھـ‬s.th.) │ ‫اھلك الحرث‬
‫( والنسل‬hart, nasl) to destroy lock, stock
and barrel VI to exert o.s., do one’s
utmost (‫ في‬in); to pounce, fall, throw o.s. (
‫ على‬upon); to fight desperately (‫ على‬for); to
covet, crave (‫ على‬s.th.); to feel enthusiasm
(‫ على‬for), devote o.s. eagerly (‫ على‬to), go
all out (‫ على‬for); to become languid, tired,
weak; to drop in utter exhaustion (‫ على‬on);
to break down, collapse VII and VIII to
risk danger, imperil o.s., act desperately X
to exert o.s., do one’s utmost (‫ في‬in); to
waste, squander, spend, exhaust, use up,
consume (‫ ھـ‬s.th.); to discharge, pay off,
amortize (‫ ھـ‬a debt); pass. ustuhlika to
perish, die
‫ ھلك‬hulk death; destruction, ruin
‫ ھلكة‬halka, halaka total loss, ruin,
destruction; disaster; jeopardy, perilous
situation, danger
‫ ھالك‬halāk total loss, ruin, destruction;
perdition, eternal damnation
‫ مھلكة‬mahlaka. mahluka. mahlika pl.
‫ مھالك‬mahālik2 dangerous place, danger
spot; dangerous situation; danger, peril
‫ تھلكة‬tahluka ruin; jeopardy, perilous
situation, danger
‫ تھالك‬tahāluk enthusiasm, zeal, ardor (
‫ على‬for), (vivid) interest (‫ على‬in);
weakness, fatigue, languor
‫ استھالك‬istihlāk consumption; attrition,
wear and tear; discharge, amortization
‫ استھالكي‬istihlākī consumer- (in
compounds; e.g., goods, prices, etc.) 1031
‫ ھالك‬hālik pl. ‫ ھلكى‬halkā, ‫ ھلك‬hullak,
‫ ھالك‬hullāk, ‫ ھوالك‬hawālik perishing,
dying; dead; mortal, destructible,
perishable; doomed to perdition, damned;
irretrievably lost, irredeemable
‫ مھلك‬muhlik destructive, devastating,
annihilating, scathing, withering;
pernicious, ruinous, dangerous, perilous,
deadly, lethal; medium of destruction or
extermination
‫ متھالك‬mutahālik broken down, down-
and-out; exhausted
‫ مستھلك‬mustahlik consumer
‫ مستھلك‬mustahlak consumption
‫ ھللويا‬hallilūyā hallelujah
 1
‫ ھلم‬halumma up! get up! come! now
then! come on! onward! forward! (with
acc.) out with ...! bring ...! give me (us) ...!
│ ‫( ھلمي اليه‬halummī) now then, go (f.)
quickly to him! ‫( ھلم بنا‬bi-nā) come on!
let’s go! ‫( وھلم جرا‬jarran) and so on, etc.
2 about); to concern o.s. (‫ب‬, occasionally
‫ ھلم‬hillam languid, listless, slack, limp
‫ ھالم‬hulām jelly, gelatin
‫ ھالمى‬hulāmī jellylike, gelatinous
‫ تھلين‬tahlīn Hellenization
‫ ھلھل‬halhala to weave finely (‫ ھـ‬s.th., also a
poem), weave flimsily (‫ ھـ‬s.th.); to
wear out (‫ ھـ‬a garment), let it become
shabby, threadbare, thin
‫ ھلھل‬halhal fine; thin, flimsy; delicate
‫ ھالھل‬halāhil fine; thin, flimsy; delicate
‫ ھلھولة‬halhūla pl. ‫ ھالھيل‬halāhil2 (eg.)
worn dress, old rag, tatters
‫ مھلھل‬muhalhal thin, flimsy, gauzelike,
diaphanous; finely woven (also, of a
poem); worn, shabby, threadbare, tattered,
ragged
‫ ھلوسة‬halwasa hallucination; vision
‫ ھليكوبتر‬helikoptar helicopter
‫ ھليلج‬halīlaj and ‫ اھليلج‬ihlīlaj myrobalan, emblic
(fruit of Phyllanthus emblica L.; bot.);
ellipse (geom.)
‫ اھليلجي‬ihlīajī elliptic(al)
‫ ھليون‬hilyaun asparagus
1
‫ ھم‬hum they (3rd pers. m. pl. of the pers. pron.)
2
‫ ھم‬hamma u (hamm, ‫ مھمة‬mahamma) to
disquiet, make uneasy. fill with anxiety,
distress, grieve (‫ ه‬s.o.); to preoccupy,
interest, regard, concern, affect (‫ ه‬s.o.), be
of interest (‫ ه‬to s.o.); to be on s.o.’s (‫)ه‬
mind, be s.o.’s (‫ )ه‬concern; to worry,
trouble (‫ ه‬s.o.); to be important, be of
importance or consequence (‫ ه‬to s.o.); --
(hamm) to worry, be concerned (‫ ب‬about);
to have in mind, intend, plan (‫ ب‬s.th., to
do s.th.); to consider (‫ ھـ‬doing s.th.), think
of doing s.th. (‫ ;)ه‬to be about, be going (
‫ ب‬،‫ بأن‬to do s.th.), be on the point of doing
s.th. (‫ ب‬،‫)بأن‬, begin to, start doing s.th. (
‫ ب‬،‫ ;)بأن‬to rise, get up IV to grieve,
distress, concern, preoccupy, affect,
regard (‫ ه‬s.o.); to be on s.o.’s (‫ )ه‬mind, be
s.o.’s (‫ )ه‬concern; to worry, trouble (‫ ه‬s.o.);
to be of interest (‫ ه‬to s.o.), interest (‫ ه‬s.o.);
to be important, be of consequence, to
matter VIII to be distressed, grieved,
worried (‫ ب‬by); to worry, be concerned (‫ب‬
also ‫ل‬, with); to feel concern (‫ ب‬for), take
an interest (‫ ب‬in); to attach importance
( to); to be interested (‫ ب‬in); to look (‫ب‬
after); to pay attention (‫ ب‬to). take notice (
‫ ب‬of), bear in mind (‫ ب‬s.th.); to go to
trouble, go to great lengths (‫ ب ل‬on behalf
of or for s.o. about s.th.); to take care (‫ب‬
of s.o.), take s.o. (‫ )ب‬under one’s wing,
help, assist (‫ ب‬s.o.); to provide (‫ ب‬for); to
be anxious or solicitous (‫ ل‬about) 1032
‫ ھم‬hamm pl. ‫ ھموم‬humūm anxiety,
concern, solicitude; worry, care; sorrow,
grief, affliction, distress; interest;
intention, design, plan; important matter;
weight, moment, importance, significance,
consequence
‫ ھم‬himm pl. ‫ اھمام‬ahmām, f. ‫ ھمة‬himma,
pl. -āt, ‫ ھمائم‬hamā’im2 decrepit, senile; old
man
‫ ھمة‬himma pl. ‫ ھمم‬himam endeavor,
ambition, intention, design; resolution,
determination; zeal, ardor, eagerness;
high-mindedness, high-aiming ambition │
‫ بعيد الھمة‬and ‫ عالي الھمة‬high-aspiring,
having far-reaching aims; high-minded
‫ ھمام‬hammām careworn, worried;
anxious, solicitous; eager, active,
energetic
‫ ھمام‬humām pl. ‫ ھمام‬himām high-
minded; generous, magnanimous; heroic,
gallant
‫ اھم‬ahamm2 more important, of greater
importance
‫ اھمية‬ahammīya importance,
significance, consequence; interest │ ‫عديم‬
‫ األھمية‬unimportant; ‫‘( علق اھمية على‬allaqa)
to attach importance to; ‫كان من األھمية بمكان‬
‫( عظيم‬makānin) to be of the greatest
importance
‫ مھمة‬mahamma pl. ‫ مھام‬mahāmm2
important matter; task, function, duty;
commission, assignment, mission │ ‫مھام‬
 ‫ األمور‬important matters; ‫ مھام المنصب‬m. al-
manṣib official duties, official functions
‫ تھميم‬tahmīm lulling a baby to sleep by
singing
‫ تھميمة‬tahmīma lullaby
‫ اھتمام‬ihtimām pl. -at concern, interest;
anxiety; solicitude; care; attention;
endeavor, ambition
‫ ھام‬hāmm important, significant,
momentous, weighty, ponderous, grave,
‫ ھمر‬hamara u i (hamr) to pour out, shed (‫ھـ‬
serious; interesting
‫ ھامة‬hāmma pl. ‫ ھوام‬hawāmm2 vermin;
past; reptile; see also under ‫ھموم‬
‫ مھموم‬mahmūm concerned, worried,
anxious, distressed, grieved, sorrowful;
‫ ھمز‬hamaza u i (hamz) to prick; to drive, urge
preoccupied; interested
‫ مھم‬muhimm important, significant,
momentous, weighty, ponderous, grave,
serious; interesting
‫ مھمة‬muhimma pl. -āt important matter;
pl. requirements, exigencies; equipment,
material(s); stores, supplies, provisions │
‫( مھمات حربية‬ḥarbīya) war material; O
‫( مھمات متحركة‬mutaḥarrika) rolling stock
‫ مھتم‬muhtamm interested (‫ ب‬in);
concerned, anxious, solicitous (‫ ب‬about);
attentive (‫ ب‬to), mindful (‫ ب‬of)
‫ مھتمات‬muhtammāt tasks, functions,
duties
‫ ھما‬humā both of them (3rd pers. dual of the
pers. pron.); see also ‫ھمو‬
‫ ھمايون‬humāyūnī imperial
‫ ھمج‬hamija a (hamaj) to he hungry
‫ ھمج‬hamai (coll.; n. un. ‫ )ة‬pl. ‫اھماج‬
ahmāj small flies, gnats; riffraff, rabble,
ragtag; savages, barbarians
‫ ھمج‬hamaj hunger │ ‫ ھمج ھامج‬ravenous
hunger, voracious appetite
‫ ھمجي‬hamajī uncivilized, savage; rude;
barbaric, barbarous; a savage, barbarian
‫ ھمجية‬hamajīya savageness, savagery;
rudeness; barbarism
‫ ھمد‬hamada u (‫ ھمود‬humūd) to abate, subside,
let up, calm down, die away, fade away,
die down, cool off; to become smaller,
shrink II and IV to quiet, calm, still,
appease, placate, soothe, mitigate,
alleviate, allay, stifle, quell, suppress, put
out, extinguish (‫ ھـ‬s.th.)
‫ ھمود‬humūd extinction; cooling off (of a
passion, and the like); lull; fatigue, 1033
exhaustion, tiredness; motionlessness,
torpor; stiffness, rigidity, rigor; death
‫ ھامد‬hāmid calm, quiet, still, extinct;
lifeless; rigid, stiff (corpse)
s.th., water, tears) VII to be poured out, be
shed; to pour down (rain), flow (tears)
‫ ھمرة‬hamra shower of rain; growl(ing),
snarl(ing)
on, prod, goad on (‫ ه‬،‫ ھـ‬s.o., s.th.); to spur (
‫ ھـ‬one’s horse); (gram.) to provide with
hamza (‫ ھـ‬a letter or word)
‫ ھمز‬hamz spurring, goading, prodding,
urging, pressing; beating, striking,
kicking; backbiting, slander │ ‫ھمز لمز‬
(lamz) innuendoes, defamatory
insinuations; taunts, gibes, sneers
‫ ھمز‬hamz glottal stop before or after a
vowel (phon.)
‫ ھمزة‬hamza pl. hamazāt hamza, the
character designating the glottal stop: ‫ء‬
(gram.) │ ‫ ھمزة القطع‬h. al-qaṭ‘ disjunctive
hamza (gram.); ‫ ھمزة الوصل‬h. al-waṣl
conjunctive hamza (gram.); ‫ھمزة الوصل بين‬
the (connecting) link between ...
‫ ھماز‬hammāz slanderer, backbiter
‫ مھمز‬mihmaz pl. ‫ مھامز‬mahāmiz2 spur;
goad
‫ مھماز‬mihmāz pl. ‫ مھاميز‬mahāmīz2 spur;
goad
‫ ھمس‬hamasa i (hams) to mumble, mutter; to
whisper (‫ ب‬s.th., ‫ الى‬to s.o.) │ ‫ھمس في اذنه‬
(fī wajhihī) to whisper in s.o.’s ear VI to
whisper together, exchange whispered
remarks
‫ ھمس‬hams mutter(ing), mumble;
whisper(ing)
‫ ھمسة‬hamsa pianissimo of a singer;
whisper; pl. ‫ ھمسات‬hamasāt whispering,
whispers
 ‫ ھوامس‬hawāmis2 mumbled or whispered
words
‫ ھمش‬hamaša u (hamš) to bite (‫ ه‬s.o.)
‫ ھامش‬hāmiš margin (of a bock, page,
etc.) │ ‫ على ھامش‬... on the periphery of ...,
on the side lines of ..., aside from, in
connection with ..., on the occasion of ...,
apropos of │ ‫ على ھامش األخبار‬sidenotes of
the news (title of a BBC news
commentary)
‫ ھامشي‬hāmišī marginal
‫ ھمع‬hama‘a a u to shed tears (eye); to stream,
flow, well
‫ ھمك‬hamaka u (hamk) to urge, press (‫ في ه‬s.o.
to do s.th.) VII to be engrossed, be
completely engaged (‫ في‬in s.th.), be
dedicated (‫ في‬to), give o.s. up, abandon
o.s. wholeheartedly (‫ في‬to, also ‫)على‬, be
loot, become absorbed (‫ في‬in), be
completely taken up, be preoccupied (‫في‬
with)
‫ انھماك‬inhimāk wholehearted dedication,
abandon, engrossment, exclusive
occupation, absorption; preoccupation
‫ منھمك‬munhamik engrossed, absorbed,
loot (‫ في‬in), taken up, preoccupied (‫في‬
with); given, addicted (‫ في‬to); dedicated (
‫ في‬to)
‫ ھمل‬hamala u i (haml, ‫ ھمالن‬hamalān,
‫ ھمول‬humūl) to be bathed in tears, shed
tears (eye) IV to neglect (‫ ھـ‬s.th.); to omit,
leave out (‫ ھـ‬s.th.); to disregard, fail to
consider or notice, overlook, forget (‫ھـ‬
s.th.); to cease to use, disuse (‫ ھـ‬s.th.); to
leave unpointed, provide with no
diacritical points (‫ ھـ‬a consonant; gram.)
VI to be careless, negligent, remiss, lazy
VII to be bathed in tears, shed tears (eye);
to pour down (rain)
‫ ھمل‬hamal left to o.s., to one’s own
devices, left alone; left untended (cattle);
neglected, disregarded 1034
‫ اھمال‬ihmāl negligence; neglect;
dereliction of duty; carelessness,
heedlessness, inattention; nonobservance,
disregard, nonconsideration
‫ ھامل‬hāmil pl. ‫ ھمل‬hummal roving,
roaming; vagabond, tramp
‫ مھمل‬muhmil negligent, neglectful,
remiss; careless, heedless, inattentive,
slovenly
‫ مھمل‬muhmal neglected; omitted;
disregarded, not taken into account;
obsolete, antiquated; lacking, devoid of,
not provided with; without diacritical
points, unpointed (gram.); ‫المھمالت‬
deadletter office │ ‫ مھمل اإلمضاء‬without
signature, unsigned; ‫ رسالة مھملة‬dead (i.e.,
undeliverable) letter; ‫ سلة المھمالت‬sallat al-
m. wastebasket; ‫( كمية مھملة‬kammīya)
negligible quantity
‫ ھملج‬hamlaja to amble (horse)
‫ ھمالج‬himlāj pl. ‫ ھماليج‬hamālīj2 ambler,
ambling horse
‫ ھمھم‬hamhama to say “hmm”; to mumble,
mutter; to grumble; to growl, snarl; to
hum, buzz, drone
‫ ھمھمة‬hamhama pl. -āt, ‫ ھماھم‬hamāhim2
an inarticulate utterance (“hmm,
hmm”),e.g., to express astonishment, and
the like; mumble, mutter(ing)j hum, buzz,
drone (also. e.g., of an airplane); growl,
snarl
‫ )ھما )ھمو‬hamā u (hamw) to flow; to pour forth;
see also alphabetically
1
‫ ھن‬hanna , to weep, sigh; to long, yearn (‫الى‬
for)
2
‫ ھن‬hunna they (3rd pers. f. pl. of the pers.
pron.)
1
‫ ھنة‬hana see under ‫ھنو‬
‫ ھنا‬hunā and ‫ ھھنا‬hāhunā here, over here, in
this place; hūnā (with foll. verb) there,
then, now, by now, at this point │ ‫ الى ھنا‬or
‫ لھنا‬here, over here, to this place; up to
here, so far, up to this point, up to this
amount; ‫ من ھنا‬from here; of this, hereof,
from this, hence; for this reason, therefore;
by this, hereby; ‫ ھنا وھناك‬here and there
‫ ھناك‬hunāka and ‫ ھنالك‬hunālika there,
over there, in that place; there is (are) │
‫( ھناك قول مأثور‬qaul) there is a proverb; ‫الى‬
‫ ھناك‬there, over there, to that place; ‫من ھناك‬
from there, from that place; ‫ماذا ھنالك‬
what’s up? what’s the matter?
2
‫ ھنأ‬hana’a u a i (‫ ھنء‬han’, hin’, ‫ ھناء‬hanā’) to
be beneficial, wholesome, healthful,
 salutary, salubrious (‫ ل‬or ‫ ه‬to s.o.), do s.o.
(‫ ل‬or ‫ )ه‬good; -- ‫ ھنئ‬hani’a a (‫ ھنأ‬hana’) to
he delighted (‫ ب‬with), take pleasure (‫ب‬
in), enjoy (‫ ب‬s.th.) II to congratulate,
felicitate (‫ على‬or ‫ ب ه‬s.o. on or on the
occasion of); to make happy, gladden,
delight (‫ ه‬s.o.) V to enjoy, savor (‫ ب‬s.th.),
take pleasure (‫ ب‬in)
‫ ھناء‬hanā’ and ‫ ھناءة‬hanā’a happiness,
bliss; good health, well-being;
congratulation, felicitation
‫ ھناء‬hinā’ tar
‫ ھنيء‬hanī’ healthful, salutary,
salubrious, wholesome, beneficial;
pleasant, agreeable; easy, smooth,
comfortable │ ‫ ھنيئا لك‬or ‫ ھنيئا مريئا‬hanī’an
marī’an approx.: may it do you much
good! I hope you will enjoy it (i.e., food)!
‫ تھنئة‬tahni’a pl. ‫ تھانئ‬tahāni’2
congratulation, felicitation
‫ ھانئ‬hāni’ happy, delighted, glad;
servant; ‫ ھانئة‬hāni’a servant girl, maid
‫ مھنئ‬muhanni’ congratulator, well-
wisher
‫ الھند‬al-hind India; the (East) Indians │ ‫الھند‬
‫ البريطانية‬British India; ‫( الھند الصينية‬ṣīnīya)
1035
Indochina; ‫( الھند الشرقية‬šarqīya) East
India; ‫ جزر الھند الغربية‬juzur al-h. al-garbīya
the Caribbean Islands, the West Indies
‫ ھندي‬hindī Indian; (pl. ‫ ھنود‬hunūd) an
Indian │ ‫( المحيط الھندي‬muḥīṭ) the Indian
Ocean; ‫( الھنود الحمر‬ḥumr) the American
Indians
‫ مھند‬muhannad sword made of Indian
steel
‫ ھندب‬hindab, ‫ ھندباء‬hindibā’ wild chicory,
endive (bot.)
‫ ھنداز‬hindāz measure
‫ ھندازة‬hindāza cubit (Eg., = 65.6 cm)
‫ ھندسة‬handasa engineering; mechanical
engineering; architecture, architectural
engineering; army engineering; geometry;
geodesy, surveying │ ‫‘ علم الھندسة‬ilm al-h.
geometry; ‫ ھندسة الري‬h. ar-riyy irrigation
engineering; ‫( الھندسة الزراعية‬zirā‘īya)
agronomy; ‫( الھندسة السطحية‬saṭḥīya) plane
geometry, planimetry; ‫الھندسة الفراغية‬
(farāgīya) solid geometry, stereometry;
‫ ھندسة المدن‬h. al-mudun town planning;
‫( الھندسة المعمارية‬mi‘mārīya) architecture;
‫ ھندسة الميدان‬h. al-maidān combat
engineering; ‫( الھندسة الكھربائية‬kahrabā’īya)
electrotechnics, electrical engineering;
‫ ھندسة الالسلكي‬h. al-lā-silkī radio
engineering; ‫( الھندسة المدنية‬madanīya) civil
engineering; ‫ الھندسة الميكانيكية‬mechanical
engineering
‫ ھندسي‬handasī technical, technological;
geometrical; of or relative to mechanical
engineering; engineering, industrial │ ‫فرقة‬
‫( ھندسية‬firqa) corps of engineers; ‫القوات‬
‫( الھندسية‬qūwāt) corps of engineers; the
engineers (mil.)
‫ ھنداسة‬hindāsa = ‫ھندازة‬, see above
‫ مھندس‬muhandis architect; engineer;
technician │ ‫( مھندس زراعي‬zirā‘ī)
agricultural engineer; ‫مھندس عسكري‬
(‘askarī) army engineer; ‫مھندس كھربائي‬
(kahrabā’ī) electrotechnician, electrical
engineer; ‫( مھندس معماري‬mi‘mārī) architect
‫ ھندم‬handama to order, array, adjust (‫ ھـ‬s.th.);
to make smart, neat, trim; to dress up,
spruce up (‫ ه‬s.o.)
‫ ھندمة‬handama harmony; orderliness,
tidiness, neatness, trimness
‫ ھندام‬hindām harmony; orderliness,
tidiness, neatness, trimness; attire, dress,
garb │ ‫ اصلح ھندامه‬to adjust one’s clothes;
to dress, dress up
‫ مھندم‬muhandam well-ordered, well-
arrayed; orderly, tidy, neat; trim, smart;
well-dressed; made to measure, tailor-
made (suit)
‫ ھنشير‬hanšīr pl. ‫ ھناشير‬hanāšīr2 (tun.) country
estate
‫ ھنغاري‬hungārī Hungarian (adj. and n.)
‫ ھنف‬II to hurry, hasten, rush III and VI to
laugh contemptuously, sneer; to sob,
whimper
‫ ھناك‬and ‫ ھنالك‬see 1‫ھنا‬
1
‫ ھنم‬hanam dried dates
2
‫ ھانم‬look up alphabetically
‫ ھنيھة‬hunaiha a little while; hunaihatan for a
little while
‫ ھنھن‬hanhana to lull to sleep with a song (‫ ل‬a
baby)
‫ ھنھونة‬hanhūna lullaby
‫ ھنة‬hana pl. -āt, ‫ ھنوات‬hanawāt thing; s.th.
unimportant, trifle, bagatelle; blemish,
defect, fault, flaw
‫ ھنو‬hinw time
‫ ھني‬hanīy (= ‫ )ھنيء‬wholesome, delicious
‫ ھه‬hih (interj.) oh! alas! woe! (also
derogatorily) oh, come now! 1036
‫ ھھنا‬see 1 ‫ھنا‬
1 collapse; -- (haur) to pull down, topple,
‫ ھو‬huwa he; it (3rd pers. m. sing. of the pers.
pron.); God; ‫ ھوذا‬see ‫ذا‬
‫ ھوية‬huwīya essence, nature;
coessentiality, consubstantiality; identity;
identity card (= │ (‫ تذكرة الھوية‬،‫بطاقة الھوية‬
‫ اوراق الھوية‬aurāq al-h. identification
papers, credentials; ‫ تذكرة الھوية‬tadkirat al-
h. (ir., syr.) identity card; ‫عرف ھويته‬
(‘urifa) to be identified
2
‫ ھوة‬hūwa see ‫ھوى‬
‫ ھوتة‬hauta, hūta pl. ‫ ھوت‬huwat depression in
the ground; chasm, abyss
‫ ھوج‬hawaj folly, light-headedness, rashness,
thoughtlessness
‫ اھوج‬ahwaj2, f. ‫ ھوجاء‬haujā’2, pl. ‫ھوج‬
hūj reckless; impatient, rash, thoughtless,
harebrained, precipitate, hasty, foolhardy;
violent, vehement, frantic
‫ ھوجاء‬haujā’ pl. ‫ ھوج‬hūj hurricane,
tornado, cyclone
‫ )ھاد )ھود‬hāda u (haud) to be a Jew II to
proceed Ilowly; to intoxicate, inebriate (‫ه‬
s.o.; of wine); to make Jewish (‫ ه‬s.o.) III to
be indulgent, forbearing, conciliatory,
considerate, complaisant, obliging (‫ ه‬to
s.o.); to avoid, shun (‫ ه‬s.o.), stay out of
s.o.’s (‫ )ه‬way V to become a Jew or
Jewish
‫ الھود‬al-hūd the Jews, the Jewry
‫ ھوادة‬hawāda forbearance, indulgence,
consideration, complaisance,
obligingness; clemency, leniency, gentle-
heartedness; relaxation, mitigation (of
laws)
‫ تھويد‬tahwīd Judaization
‫ مھاودة‬muhāwada complaisance,
obligingness, indulgence, consideration │
‫ مھاودة األسعار‬low pricing
‫ متھود‬mutahawwid Judaized, under
Jewish influence or control
‫ متھاود‬mutahāwid moderate (price)
‫ ھودج‬see ‫ھدج‬
‫ ھوذا‬see ‫ذا‬
‫ )ھار )ھور‬hāra u (haur, ‫ ھؤور‬hu’ūr) to be
destroyed, crash down, fall down,
wreck, demolish, destroy (‫ ھـ‬s.th., esp., a
building); to bring down, throw to the
ground (‫ ه‬s.o.) II to endanger, imperil,
jeopardize, expose to danger (‫ ه‬s.o.); to
bring down, throw to the ground (‫ ه‬s.o.) V
to be destroyed, crash down, fall down,
collapse; to rush headlong into danger; to
be light-headed, careless, irresponsible; to
elapse, pass, go by (time) VII to be
demolished or torn down; to crash down,
fall down, collapse; to fall apart (line of
argument)
‫ ھور‬haur pl. ‫ اھوار‬ahwār lake
‫ ھورة‬haura pl. -āt danger, peril
‫ ھواري‬hawārī pl. ‫ ھوارة‬hawwāra
volunteer; O short-term soldier, irregular;
‫ الھوارة‬irregular troops
‫ ھير‬hayyir rash, precipitate, thoughtless,
ill-considered, imprudent
‫ تھور‬tahawwur light-headedness,
carelessness, irresponsibility; hastiness,
rashness, precipitance
‫ انھيار‬inhiyār crash, fall, downfall;
collapse, breakdown
‫ متھور‬mutahawwir rash, hasty,
precipitate; frivolous, thoughtless;
lightheaded, careless, irresponsible,
reckless; foolhardy, daredevil
‫ ھورمون‬hormōn hormone
1
‫ ھوس‬hawisa a (hawas) to be baffled, startled,
perplexed; to be utterly confused, be at a
complete 1088, be at one’s wit’s end II to
 baffle, startle, perplex, confuse, bewilder,
confound (‫ ه‬s.o.); to delude, beguile,
befool, infatuate, dazzle, blind (‫ ه‬s.o.); to
craze, drive crazy, render 1037 insane (‫ه‬
s.o.) V to be beguiled, befooled,
infatuated, dazzled, lose one’s head; to
abandon o.s. completely; to be a fantast, a
visionary VII to be beguiled, befooled,
infatuated, dazzled
‫ ھوس‬hawas foolishness, folly, craze,
madness; dreaminess, visionariness,
rapture, ecstasy; wild fancy, fantasy;
raving madness, frenzy; infatuation,
blindness, delusion
‫ ھوس‬hawīs thought, idea, concept,
notion
‫ ھويس‬hawīs and ‫ ھاويس‬hāwīs pl. ‫اھوسة‬
ahwisa (eg.) look, canal lock
‫ اھوس‬ahwas2 foolish, crazy, mad;
dazzled, blind, infatuated
‫ مھووس‬mahwūs (religious) visionary
‫ مھوس‬muhawwas foolish, crazy, mad;
dazzled, blind, infatuated
‫ متھوس‬mutahawwis pl. -ūn fantast,
visionary
2
‫ ھوسة‬hausa clamor, shouting, uproar
‫ ھوش‬hawiša a (hawaš) and ‫ ھاش‬hāša u (hauš)
to be excited, be in a state of commotion
II to excite, agitate, unsettle (‫ ه‬،‫ ھـ‬s.o.,
s.th.); to rouse, incite, stir up, inflame (‫ھـ‬
the mob); to sick (‫ على ھـ‬a dog on), set,
incite (‫ على ه‬s.o. against); to exert a
disturbing influence (‫ على‬on) III to annoy
by its barking (‫ ه‬s.o.; of a dog) V to get
tumultuous, get excited, run riot
‫ ھوشة‬hauša excitement, agitation,
commotion, riot, uproar, ruckus, rumpus,
row, fracas; turmoil, tumult
‫ تھويش‬tahwīš excitation, agitation;
incitement, instigation
‫ مھوش‬muhawwaš exciting;
troublemaker, agitator, rabble rouser
‫ )ھاع )ھوع‬hā‘a u a (hau‘) to vomit, throw up;
to retch II to make (‫ ه‬s.o.) vomit V= I
1
‫ ھاك‬hāka see ‫ھا‬
2
‫ ھوكي‬hokī hookey │ ‫ ھوكي االنزالق‬ice hockey
‫ )ھال )ھول‬hāla u (haul) to frighten, scare,
terrify, appall, horrify, strike with terror (‫ه‬
s.o.) II to alarm, dismay, frighten, terrify,
horrify, fill with horror (‫ ه‬s.o.); to threaten,
menace, scare (‫ ب على‬s.o. with); to wield
menacingly (‫ ب‬a stick); to picture (‫ ھـ‬s.th.)
as a terrible thing, mike (‫ ھـ‬s.th.) appear
terrible; to exaggerate, overemphasize (‫ھـ‬
or ‫ منعن‬s.th.), make much ado, make a
great fuss (‫ من‬about) X to deem significant
(‫ ھـ‬s.th.); to consider terrific, appalling,
tremendous (‫ ھـ‬s.th.); to be horrified (‫ھـ‬
at), be appalled, be staggered (‫ ھـ‬by)
‫ ھول‬haul pl. ‫ اھوال‬ahwāl, ‫ ھؤول‬hu’ūl
terror, fright, alarm, shook, horror,
dismay; power │ ‫ ابو الھول‬abū l-h. the
Sphinx; ‫ يا للھول‬yā la-l-haul oh, how
terrible!
‫ ھولة‬haula a terrifying thing, a fright;
object of rear or terror
‫ ھال‬hāl mirage, fata morgana;
cardamom (spice)
‫ ھالة‬hāla pl. -āt halo (around moon or
sun, also, e.g., of a saint); ring around the
eye; nimbus, aureole, glory
‫ تھويل‬tahwīl pl. -āt, ‫ تھاويل‬tahāwīl2
frightening, soaring, alarming,
intimidation, cowing, browbeating;
exaggeration; nightmare, phantom,
bugbear, bogey, bugaboo; pl. ‫تھاويل‬
embellishments, ornamental flourishes;
pleasant visions
‫ ھائل‬hā’il dreadful, frightful, terrible,
horrible, appalling, ghastly, awful; huge,
vast, formidable, gigantic, prodigious,
tremendous, stupendous; extraordinary,
enormous, fabulous, amazing, astonishing,
surprising; grim, hard, fierce (battle, fight)
‫ مھول‬muhawwil terrible, dreadful 1038
‫ ھوالندا‬holandā or ‫ ھوالنده‬holanda Holland
‫ ھوالندي‬holandī Dutch, Hollandish; (pl.
-ūn) Dutchman, Hollander
‫ ھوليوود‬Hollywood
‫ ھوم‬II to nod drowsily (head of s.o. falling
asleep); to doze off, fall asleep; to doze,
nap V to doze off, fall asleep; to doze, nap
‫ ھامة‬hāma pl. -āt, ‫ ھام‬hām head; crown,
vertex; top, summit; see also under ‫ھ ّم‬
1
‫ )ھان )ھون‬hāna u (haun) to be or become easy
(‫ على‬for s.o.), be of little importance (‫على‬
to); ‫ ھان عليه ان‬to attach no importance to
the fact that ..., care little that ...; -- (hūn,
‫ ھوان‬hawān, ‫ مھانة‬mahāna) to be or
become despicable, contemptible II to
make easy, ease, facilitate (‫ على ھـ‬s.th. for
s.o.); to represent or picture (‫ ھـ‬s.th., ‫ على‬to
s.o.) as easy or as of little importance; to
make light (‫ ھـ‬or ‫ من‬of), belittle, minimize,
deride, flout, disparage (‫ ھـ‬or ‫ من‬s.th.) │
‫( ھون عليك‬hawwin) take it easy! don’t get
excited! never mind! IV to despise (‫ ه‬،‫ھـ‬
s.o., s.th.); to humble, humiliate, abase,
demean, scorn, disdain, slight, treat with
contempt or disdain (‫ ه‬s.o.); to insult (‫ه‬
s.o.) VI to consider easy (‫ ب‬s.th.); to think
little. make little (‫ ب‬of), attach little
importance (‫ ب‬to), disdain, despise (‫ب‬
s.th.); to be negligent, remiss, lax,
careless, (‫ في‬or ‫ ب‬in s.th.), neglect (‫ في‬or ‫ب‬
s.th.); (with negation) not to fail (‫ في‬to do
s.th.), not to tire (‫ في‬of doing s.th.) X ‫استھان‬
istahāna and ‫ استھون‬istahwana to consider
easy (‫ ب‬s.th.); to make little (‫ ب‬of), esteem
lightly, disesteem, underrate, undervalue (
‫ ب‬s.th.); to disdain, despise (‫ ب‬s.th.); to
misunderstand, misjudge (‫ ب‬s.th.) │ ‫ال‬
‫( يستھان‬yustahānu) not to be sneezed at, not
to be overlooked
‫ ھون‬haun ease, leisure, convenience,
comfort; easiness, facility; ‫ ھونا‬haunan
slowly, gently, leisurely, imperceptibly │
‫ على ھون‬slowly, gently, leisurely,
imperceptibly; ‫ على ھونك‬at your
convenience
‫ ھون‬hūn disgrace, shame, degradation,
abasement
‫ ھوان‬hawān despicableness, lowly,
contemptible position; insignificance,
negligibleness; degradation. abasement;
disgrace, shame, ignominy
‫ ھين‬hayyin, hain pl. -ūn, ‫ اھوناء‬ahwinā’
easy; insignificant, negligible, of little
value; inconsiderable; unimportant; plain,
simple, homely, modest │ ‫ ھين لين‬hain
lain simple and nice
‫ ھينة‬hīna easiness, facility;
convenience, comfort, ease; leisure
‫ ھوينا‬huwainā gentleness, mildness,
kindliness; slowness, leisureliness, leisure,
ease; ‫ الھوينا‬slowly, gently, leisurely,
unhurriedly
‫ اھون‬ahwan2 f. ‫ ھوناء‬haunā’2 easy;
comfortable; -- (elative) easier; smaller,
less, lesser; of less value, more worthless
│ ‫( ما اھونه‬ahwanahū) how small, how
worthless it is! ‫ اھون الشرين‬a. aš-šarrain the
lesser evil
‫ مھانة‬mahāna contempt, despicableness;
degradation, abasement, humiliation,
disgrace, shame
‫ اھانة‬ahāna insult; affront, contumely,
abuse
‫ تھاون‬tahāwun disesteem, disdain,
scorn, neglect; indifference (‫ ب‬to s.th.)
‫ استھانة‬istihāna disesteem, disdain,
scorn, neglect; contempt
‫ مھين‬muhīn insulting, abusive,
offending; contemptuous, humiliating,
disgraceful, ignominious, outrageous
‫ متھاون‬mutahāwin negligent, remiss,
lax, indifferent
‫ مستھين‬mustahīn disdainer, scorner,
despiser 1039
2
‫ ھاون‬look up alphabetically
1
‫ ھوى‬hawā i (huwīy) to drop, fall, tumble, fall
down, come down, sink; to topple, tumble
down, be upset; to swoop down (predatory
bird); to pounce, fall (‫ على‬upon); to blow
(wind); to overthrow (‫ ب‬s.o. or s.th.) │
‫( ھوى على رقبتھا‬raqabatihā) he fell in her
arms, he embraced her; ‫ھوى بمقامه‬
(maqāmihī) to degrade s.o.; -- hawiya a (
‫ ھوى‬hawan) to love (‫ ه‬,‫ ھـ‬s.o., s.th.); to
become fond (‫ ه‬,‫ ھـ‬of); to like (‫ ه‬,‫ ھـ‬s.o.,
s.th.); to go in (‫ ھـ‬for a hobby), take up as
a hobby (‫ ھـ‬s.th.) II to air, ventilate (‫ ھـ‬a
room), expose to the wind or to fresh air (
‫ ھـ‬s.th.); to fan the air III to show o.s.
complaisant (‫ ه‬to s.o.), humor (‫ ه‬s.o.); to
flatter (‫ ه‬s.o.) IV to fall down, drop; to
drop (‫ ب‬s.th.); to pounce, fall (‫ على‬upon
s.o., ‫ ب‬with); to lean, bend (‫ على‬over); to
reach (‫ الى‬for), grab, grasp (‫ الى‬at). make
for s.th. (‫ ;)الى‬to strive (‫ الى‬for), aspire (‫الى‬
to), desire (‫ الى‬s.th.) │ ‫( اھوى بيده الى‬bi-
yadihī) to stretch out one’s hand for, reach
out for V to be aired, be ventilated VI to
break down, collapse; to plunge down,
throw o.s. down VII to fall down, drop; to
be thrust down X to attract (‫ ه‬s.o.); to
seduce, tempt (‫ ه‬s.o.); to entice, lure (‫ه‬
s.o.); to charm, enchant, fascinate,
enrapture, delight, entrance, carry away (‫ه‬
s.o.)
‫ ھوى‬hawan pl. ‫ اھواء‬ahwā’, ‫ھوايا‬
hawāyā love; affection; passion;
inclination, liking, bent, wish; desire,
longing, craving; fancy, whim, caprice,
pleasure; ‫ اھواء‬sects, heretic tendencies │
‫ على ھواء‬be convenient to s.o., please s.o.;
‫ في الھوى‬in love; ‫ اصحاب األھواء‬sectarians,
dissenters
‫ ھوة‬hūwa pl. -āt, ‫ ھوى‬huwan abyss,
chasm; cave, cavern; pit, hole, ditch,
trench; (fig.) gulf
‫ ھواء‬hawā’ pl. ‫ اھوية‬ahwiya, ‫ اھواء‬ahwā’
air; atmosphere; wind, draft; weather,
climate │ ‫( الھواء األصفر‬aṣfar) the plague;
‫( ھواء طلق‬ṭalq) open air; fresh air; ‫في الھواء‬
‫ الطلق‬outdoors, in the open, in fresh air;
‫ ھواء مضغوط‬compressed air; ‫ سلك الھواء‬silk
al-h. aviation; ‫ طلمبة الھواء‬ṭulumbat al-h. air
pump
‫ ھوائي‬hawā’ī airy, breezy; aerial, air- (in
compounds), atmospheric(al); pneumatic;
O inside (diameter, width); antenna,
aerial, ‫( سلك ھوائي‬silk); flighty, whimsical,
capricious; ethereal; fantastic │ ‫دوالب ھوائي‬
wind wheel; O ‫( ھوائي اطاري‬iṭārī) frame
antenna; O ‫( ھوائي طوقي‬ṭauqī) loop
antenna; O ‫( ھوائي مرتفع‬murtafi‘) elevated
antenna; O ‫( ھوائي مرسل‬murtafi‘)
transmitting antenna; O ‫ھوائي مزدوج‬
(muzdawij) two-wire antenna; O ‫ھوائي‬
‫( مستقل‬mustaqbil) receiving antenna; O
‫( ھوائي مفرد‬mufrad) single-wire antenna
‫ ھواء‬hawwā’ amateur
‫ ھواية‬hawāya pl. -āt hobby, sport or art
cultivated as an amateur; amateurism,
amateurship
‫ ھواية‬hawwāya fan; ventilator
‫ اھوى‬ahwā more desirable, preferable
‫ اھوية‬uhwiya abyss, chasm, deep, depth
‫ مھوى‬mahwan, ‫ مھواة‬mahwāh pl. ‫مھاو‬
mahāwin2 abyss, chasm, gulf; place of
one’s longing, object of desire;
atmosphere
‫ مھواة‬mihwāh ventilator
‫ تھوية‬tahwiya airing, ventilation
‫ استھواء‬istihwā’ fascination, captivation;
enchantment; seducement, enticement,
temptation; suggestion
‫ ھاو‬hāwin pl. ‫ ھواة‬huwāh falling,
dropping, sinking; loving, in love; lover;
fancier, fan, amateur; dabbler, dilettante
‫ ھاوية‬hāwiya chasm, gulf, abyss,
infernal depth, bottomless pit, hell 1040
2
‫ ھوية‬huwīya see 1‫ھو‬
‫ ھي‬hiya she (3rd pers. sing. f. of the pers. pron.)
‫ ھيا‬hayyā (interj.) up! come on! let’s go! now
then!
‫ )ھاء )ھيء‬hā’a i a and ‫ ھيؤ‬hayu’a u (‫ ھيأة‬ḥai’a,
‫ ھياءة‬hayā’a) to be shapely, well-formed,
beautiful to look at, present a handsome
appearance; -- a (‫ ھيئة‬hī’a) to desire, crave
(‫ الى‬s.th.) II to make ready, get ready, put
in readiness (‫ ھـ‬s.th.); to prepare (‫ ھـ‬s.th.);
to fix up, fit up, set up (‫ ھـ‬s.th.); to pave
the way (‫ ل‬for s.o., for s.th.); to arm,
mobilize, get in fighting condition (mil.);
to put in order, to order, array, arrange (‫ھـ‬
s.th.); to incline, dispose, make inclined (‫ل‬
‫ ه‬s.o. to), influence (‫ ل ه‬s.o. in favor of) │
‫( ھيأ األسباب ل‬asbāba) to pave the way
for ...; ‫( ھيأ ذاته ل‬dātahū) to prepare o.s. (at
heart) for ...; ‫( ھيأ فرصة مالئمة ل‬furṣatan
mulā’imatan) to offer a good opportunity
for ... III to agree, come to an agreement (
‫ في ه‬with s.o. about); to concur (‫ في ه‬with
s.o. in); to adapt o.s., adjust o.s. (‫ ه‬to s.o.)
V to be prepared, be in readiness, be
ready, stand ready (‫ ل‬for); to be armed, be
prepared for war, be in fighting condition
(mil.); to prepare o.s., get ready (‫ ل‬for); to
be possible (‫ ل‬to s.o.); to be well-dressed
│ ‫ تھيأ‬tahayya’ make ready! (mil.
command) VI to adapt themselves to one
another, make mutual adjustment; to be in
agreement, be agreed
‫ ھيئة‬hai’a pl. -āt form, shape; exterior,
appearance, guise, aspect, bearing; air,
mien, physiognomy; attitude, position;
situation, condition, state; group, (social)
class; society, association; body,
corporation; organization; board,
commission, committee; corps; cadre,
skeleton organization │ ‫ ھيئة األمم المتحدة‬h.
al-umam al-muttaḥida and ‫الھيئة األممية‬
(umamīya) the United Nations
Organization; ‫( الھيئة االجتماعية‬ijtimā‘īya)
human society; ‫ ھيئة اإلذاعة الالسلكية‬h. al-
idā‘a al-lā-silkīya broadcasting
corporation; ‫ ھيئة اركان الحرب‬h. arkān al-
ḥarb general staff; ‫ھيئة اركان حرب األسطول‬
(usṭūl) naval staff; ‫ھيئة برلمانية‬
(barlamānīya) parliamentary group; ‫ھيئة‬
‫ التحكم‬board of arbitration; jury, committee
of judges, committee of umpires (in
sports), the referees (in military
maneuvers); ‫ ھيئة التدريس‬teaching staff;
faculty, professoriate (of an academic
institution); ‫( )ھيئة حاكمة )حكومية‬ḥukūmīya)
governmental agency, authority; ‫ھيئة‬
‫ دبلوماسية‬diplomatic corps; ‫الھيئة السعدية‬
(sa‘dīya) the Sa’dist Union (formerly, a
political group in Egypt); ‫( ھيئة طبية‬ṭibbīya)
ambulance corps; ‫( ھيئة نيابية‬niyābīya)
representative body, parliamentary body;
‫‘ علم الھيئة‬ilm al-h. astronomy
‫ ھيء‬hayyi’, ‫ ھيئ‬hayī’ good-looking,
handsome; shapely
‫ تھيئة‬tahyi’a preparation; training;
adaptation, adjustment, accommodation
‫ مھايأة‬muhāya’a joint usufruct, use or
profit sharing (Isl. Law)
O ‫ تھيؤ‬tahayyu’ military preparations
‫ تھيؤ‬tahayyu’ (mutual) adaptation,
(mutual) adjustment
‫ مھيأ‬muhayya’ prepared; ready
(‫ ھيب( ھاب‬hāba (1st pen. perf. hibtu) a (
‫ ھيبة‬haiba, ‫ مھابة‬mahāba) to fear, dread (،‫ھـ‬
‫ ه‬s.o., s.th.), be afraid (‫ ه‬،‫ ھـ‬of); to stand in
awe (‫ ھـ‬of), be awed (‫ ه‬،‫ ھـ‬by); to honor,
respect, revere, venerate (‫ ه‬s.o.) II to make
(‫ ھـ‬s.th.) be dreaded (‫ الى‬by s.o.), make it
dreadful to s.o., inspire s.o. (‫ )الى‬with awe
(‫ ھـ‬of); to make s.th. (‫ )ھـ‬appear dreadful
or awesome (‫ الى‬to s.o.); to threaten,
frighten, intimidate, cow, daunt (‫ على‬s.o.)
IV to call out, shout (‫ ب‬to s.o.); 1041 to
call upon s.o. (‫)ب‬, appeal (‫ ب‬to s.o.); to
drive, urge, rouse, egg on, encourage (‫الى‬
‫ ب‬s.o. to) V = I; to awe, frighten, scare,
threaten (‫ ه‬s.o.) VIII = I
‫ ھيبة‬haiba fear, dread, awe; reverence,
veneration, esteem, respect; awe-inspiring
appearance, venerableness, gravity,
dignity; standing, prestige
‫ ھياب‬hayyāb timid, timorous, shy,
diffident; respectful
‫ ھيوب‬hayūb timid, timorous, shy,
diffident; respectful; awful, fearful,
dreadful; awe-inspiring, awesome,
venerable
‫ مھاب‬mahāb object of reverence and
respect
‫ مھابة‬mahāba dignity
‫ تھيب‬tahayyub fear, dread; awe
‫ مھوب‬mahūb and ‫ مھيب‬mahīb dreaded,
dreadful, awful
‫ مھيب‬muhīb awe-inspiring, awesome,
venerable; grave, solemn, dignified
‫ متھيب‬mutahayyib respectful, reverential
‫ ھيت‬II to call (‫ ب‬s.o.)
‫ ھيت‬haita, ‫( ھيت لك‬laka) come here!
‫ )ھاج )ھيج‬hāja i (haij, ‫ ھيجان‬hayajān,
‫ ھياج‬hiyāj) to be astir or stirred up, be or
get excited, agitated; to rise; to awaken, be
awakened, spring up (desire); to be in
great excitement, be very upset, be
furious, indignant (‫ على‬about, at); to run
high, be rough, stormy (sea); -- ‫ ھاج‬and II
to move, stir, agitate (‫ ھـ‬s.th.); to stir up,
excite (‫ ھـ‬s.th.); to disturb, trouble,
perturb, disquiet (‫ ھـ‬s.th.); to provoke,
incite, stimulate (‫ ھـ‬s.th.); to kindle, ignite,
inflame, incense (‫ ھـ‬s.th.); to make (‫ ھـ‬the
blood) boil; to awaken, arouse, evoke (‫ھـ‬
e.g., a desire); to bring to light (‫ ھـ‬s.th.); to
irritate, inflame (‫ ھـ‬an organ); to drive,
urge on, spur on (‫ ه‬،‫ ھـ‬s.o., s.th., ‫ على‬to); to
rouse, start, scare up (‫ ھـ‬a bird) IV = II; V
and VIII to be astir, be restive, be in a
state of commotion, be disturbed, be
excited, be agitated; to be awakened, be
(a)roused, be scared up
‫ ھيج‬excitement; agitation; commotion,
disturbance, turmoil; dissension, strife;
combat, battle
‫ھيجا‬haijā and ‫ ھيجاء‬haijā’ fight,
combat, battle, war
‫ ھيجان‬hayajān excitement; agitation;
commotion, disturbance, turmoil, tumult;
 outburst of rage, fury, irritation,
indignation, bitterness
‫ ھياج‬hiyāj excitement; agitation;
commotion, disturbance, turmoil, tumult;
outburst of rage, fury, irritation,
indignation, bitterness; raging, uproar (of
the elements)
‫ تھييج‬tahyīj excitation, agitation,
stimulation; provocation, incitement;
instigation; stirring up, fanning;
incensement, inflammation; O induction
(el.)
‫ تھيج‬tahayyuj disturbance, commotion,
turmoil; excitement, agitation; emotional
disturbance; affect (jur.)
‫ ھائج‬hā’ij stirring, astir, agitated, in
commotion; rough, heaving (sea, waves);
excited, impassioned; angry, furious,
enraged │ ‫ ھاج ھائجه‬he became angry, he
flew into a rage
‫ مھيج‬muhayyaj exciting, stirring,
rousing, stimulating; provocative, inciting;
incendiary, inflammatory; agitator,
troublemaker, incendiary, seditionary,
rabble rouser; (pl. -āt) a stimulant, an
excitant
‫ متھيج‬mutahayyij and ‫ مھتاج‬muhtāj
agitated, upset, excited, impassioned
‫ ھيدروجين‬hīdrōžēn hydrogen 1042
‫ ھير‬II to hurl down, topple, tear down, destroy,
demolish (‫ ھـ‬s.th.)
‫ ھير‬hayyir see ‫ھور‬
‫ ھيراطيقي‬hīrāṭīqī hieratic (writing)
‫ ھيروغليفي‬hīroglīfī hieroglyphic
‫ ھيروين‬hīruwīn heroin (chem.)
‫ )ھاش )ھيش‬hāša i (haiš) to be agitated, excited
‫ ھيش‬hīš thicket, brush, scrub
‫ ھيشة‬haiša excitement; commotion,
turmoil, tumult, riot
‫ )ھاض )ھيض‬hāḍa i: ‫ ھيض جناحه‬hīḍa janāḥhū his
wing was broken, he wass powerless
‫ ھيضة‬haiḍa summer cholera, cholera
morbus; Asiatic cholera
‫ مھيض‬mahīd broken, shattered │ ‫مھيض‬
‫ الجناح‬m. al-janāḥ broken-winged, helpless,
feeble, sapless
‫ )ھاط )ھيط‬hāṭa i (haiṭ) to shout, clamor, raise a
din, be tumultuous
‫ ھيط‬haiṭ shouting, clamor, din, uproar,
ruckus
‫ ھياط‬hiyāṭ shouting, clamor │ ‫ھياط مياط‬
(miyāṭ) tumultuous uproar, ruckus, wild
shouting, tumult
‫ ھيطل‬see ‫ھطل‬
‫ مھيع‬mahya‘ pl. ‫ مھايع‬mahāyi‘2 broad, paved
road
‫ )ھاف )ھيف‬hāfa i (haif) to be parched, thirsty;
-- a (haif) to run away (slave); -- ‫ھيف‬
hayifa and hāfa a (haif, hayaf) to be slim,
slender, slight, frail
‫ ھيف‬haif parching wind
‫ ھيف‬hayaf slenderness, slimness
‫ ھيوف‬hayūf burned up with thirst
‫ ھيفان‬haifān2 parched; thirsty
‫ اھيف‬ahyaf2, f. ‫ ھيفاء‬haifā’2, pl. ‫ ھيف‬hīf
slender, slim; slight, frail, wispy
‫ ھيكل‬haikal pl. ‫ ھياكل‬hayākil2 temple; large
building, edifice; altar; skeleton;
framework (of a structure), frame; chassis
(of an automobile); colossal, gigantic,
huge
‫ ھيكلي‬haikalī: ‫( مناورة ھيكلية‬munāwara)
cadre maneuver, skeleton exercise (mil.)
1
‫ )ھال )ھيل‬hāla i (hail) to pour, strew, sprinkle (
‫ على‬s.th. on) II and IV do.; to pile up (‫ھـ‬
sand, earth; said of the wind) VII to be
heaped up, be poured in a heap, fall in a
heap; to rain down (bombs); to shower (‫ب‬
‫ على‬s.o. with), assail (‫ على‬s.o., ‫ ب على‬s.o.
with; instead of ‫ ب‬also accusative of a
verbal noun) │ ‫انھال عليه ضربا وشتما‬
(ḍarban wa-šatman) he fell upon her with
blows and abusive language
‫ ھيل‬hail piled-up sand │ ‫الھيل والھيلمان‬
(hailamān) heaps of money, enormous
sums
‫ ھيالن‬hayalān sand heap
‫ انھيال‬inhiyāl, ‫ انھيال األرض‬inh. al-arḍ
landslide
2
‫ ھيول‬hayūl mote, atom
3
‫ ھيولى‬hayūlā, hayyūlā primordial matter;
matter; substance
‫ ھيولي‬hayūlī material (adj.)
‫ ھيوالني‬hayulānī material (adj.)
‫ )ھام )ھيم‬hāma i (haim, ‫ ھيمان‬hayamān) to fall
in love (‫ ب‬with); to be in love (‫ ب‬with); to
be enthusiastic, ecstatic, frantic, beside
o.s.; to be in raptures, be crazy (‫ ب‬about),
be gone on (‫ ;)ب‬to roam, rove, wander │
‫( ھام على وجھه‬wajhihī) to wander aimlessly
about; ‫( ھام في وديان‬widyān) approx.: he
was no longer himself, he was floating in
higher regions, he was beside himself, he
was out of his senses; ‫ ھام بأنظاره‬to let
one’s eyes wander; -- (‫ ھيام‬huyām, hiyām)
to thirst (‫ ب‬for) 1043 II to confuse,
bewilder, puzzle, mystify, mislead (‫ ه‬s.o.);
to infatuate, enchant, captivate, carry
away, rob of his senses (‫ ه‬s.o.; of love) X
pass. ‫ استھيم‬ustuhīma to be infatuated,
enchanted, captivated, carried away; to be
passionately in love
‫ ھيام‬huyām, hiyām passionate love;
burning thirst
‫ ھيوم‬hayūm confused, puzzled, baffled,
mystified, perplexed
‫ ھيمان‬haimān2, f. ‫ ھيمى‬haimā, pl. ‫ھيام‬
hiyām, madly in love; very thirsty
‫ ھائم‬hā’im pl. ‫ ھيم‬huyyam, ‫ ھيام‬huyyām
perplexed, mystified, baffled, puzzled,
confused; out of one’s senses, beside o.s.;
in love, mad with love
‫ مستھام‬mustahām in love, mad with love
‫ ھيمن‬haimana to say “amen”; to guard (‫على‬
s.o.), watch (‫ على‬over s.o.), watch
narrowly (‫ على‬s.o.), keep an eye on (‫;)على‬
to control (‫ على‬s.th.)
‫ ھيمنة‬haimana supervision,
superintendence, surveillance; control;
suzerainty, supremacy, ascendancy,
hegemony
‫ مھيمن‬muhaimin supervising,
superintending, controlling; guardian;
protector; master (‫ على‬of s.th., also, e.g., of
a situation)
‫ ھين‬and ‫ ھينة‬see 1‫ھون‬
‫ ھينم‬hainama to murmur softly
‫ ھيه‬hīh (interj.) hey! Let’s go! step lively! look
alive!
‫ ھيھات‬haihātu, haihāt, haihāti but oh! far from
the mark! wrong! what an idea! how
preposterous! │ ‫ ھيھات ان‬it is absolutely
out of the question that ...; ‫ھيھات ان يفعل كذا‬
how far he is from doing so! ‫ھيھات بين ھذا‬
‫ وذاك‬what a difference between them! how
different they are! ‫ وھيھات لك ذلك‬and how
impossible is this to you!
‫و‬
wa 1. and; and also, and ... too │ ‫ وال واحد‬not
one, not a single one; -- 2. (with foll. acc.)
with │ ‫ واياه‬wa-iyyāhu with him; ‫ال يتفق‬
‫( ومبادئھم‬yattafiqu, mabādi’ahum) it is not
in agreement with their principles; -- 3.
introducing circumstantial (ḥāl) clauses:
while, as, when, whereas │ ‫( قال وھم يبتسم‬he
said while he smiled) he said with a smile;
‫( جاء والشمس طالعة‬šamsu) he arrived at
sunrise; -- 4. (with foll. genit.) by (in
oaths) │ ‫ وﷲ‬by God! – 5. (with foll.
genit.) many a, how many │ ‫وكأس شربت‬
(ka’sin) many a cup have I emptied! how
many cups I have drunk! -- ‫ أو‬a-wa ‫أ‬
‫ واال‬wa-illā (and if not), otherwise, else
‫ وإن‬wa-in even if, even though,
although
‫ ولو‬wa-lau even if, even though, even in
case that
‫ ولكن‬wa-lākin, wa-lākinna (the latter
with foll. acc. or pers. suffix) but,
however, yet
‫ وا‬toll (with the foll. noun ending in -āh) oh │
‫ وا اسفاه‬wā-asafāh! oh grief! alas!
‫( وابور‬Fr. vapeur; colloq.) wābūr pl. -āt steam
engine; steamer, steamship; locomotive,
railroad, train; factory, mill; machine,
engine, apparatus; hot plate, heater, stove
│ ‫ وابور اكسبريس‬express train; ‫وابور البضاعة‬
freight train, goods train; 1044 ‫وابور الركاب‬
w. ar-rukkāb passenger train; ‫ وابور‬w.
 ar.ri"" irrigation pump; ‫ وابور الزلط‬w. az-
zalaṭ (eg.) steamroller; ‫ وابور طارة‬w. ṭāra
paddle steamer; ‫ وابور العادة‬w. al-‘āda local
train, accommodation train, way train
‫ وات‬wāt watt (el.)
‫ واحة‬wāḥa pl. -āt oasis
‫ وأد‬wa’ada ‫ يئد‬ya’idu to bury alive (‫ ھا‬a
newborn girl) V and VIII ‫ اتأد‬itta’ada to be
slow, act or proceed deliberately, tarry,
hesitate, temporize (‫ ل‬in s.th.) │ ‫اتأد في‬
‫( مشيتة‬mišyatihī) to walk slowly,
unhurriedly, saunter
‫ وئيد‬wa’ād deliberate, unhurried, slow;
deliberateness; ‫ وئيدا‬wa’īdan slowly;
gradually
‫ وبخ‬II to reprimand, rebuke, censure, reprove,
‫ تؤدة‬tu’ada deliberateness, slowness │
‫ على تؤدة‬slowly, deliberately, unhurriedly
‫ متئد‬mutta’id slow
‫ وأر‬wa’ara ‫ يئر‬ya’iru (wa’r) to frighten (‫ ه‬s.o.)
‫ وبر‬wabira ‫ يوبر‬yaubaru (wabar) to have
X to be frightened, be struck with terror
‫ وارسو‬warsō Warsaw (capital of Poland)
‫ واشنطون‬wāšinṭōn Washington
‫ واط‬wāṭ watt (el.)
‫ واق واق‬wāqwāq in the description, of Arab
geographers, name of two different groups
of island (one east of China, the other
located in the Indian Ocean)
‫ موئل‬mau’il refuge, asylum
‫ وأم‬III to agree, be in agreement (‫ ه‬،‫ ھـ‬with); to
suit (‫ ه‬،‫ ھـ‬s.o., s.th.), be suited (‫ ه‬،‫ ھـ‬to),
harmonize (‫ ه‬،‫ ھـ‬with) VI to agree, tally,
humanize
‫ وئام‬wi’ām agreement; unity, concord,
harmony
‫ مواءمة‬muwā’ama agreement; unity,
concord, harmony
‫ واه‬wāha, ‫ واھا‬wāhā (interj.) with ‫ ل‬or ‫ ب‬to
express admiration: how wonderful is
(are) …! with ‫ على‬to express regret: alas
…! too bad for ...!
‫ واو‬wāw name of the letter ‫و‬
‫ وئية‬wa’īya kettle
‫ وبئ‬wabi’a ‫ يوبأ‬yawba’u (‫ وبأ‬waba’), ‫وبؤ‬
wabu’a u (‫ وباء‬wabā’, ‫ وباءة‬wabā’a) and
pass. ‫ وبئ‬wubi’a to be plague-stricken,
infected, infested, poisoned, contaminated
‫ وبأ‬waba’ pl. ‫ اوباء‬aubā’ infectious
disease; epidemic
‫ وباء‬wabā’ pl. ‫ اوبئة‬aubi’a infectious
disease; epidemic
‫ وبائي‬wabā’ī infectious, contagious;
epidemic(al); pestilential
‫ وبئ‬wabi’ and ‫ وبيء‬wabī’ infected,
poisoned, contaminated, infested; plague-
stricken, plague-ridden, plague-infected
‫ موبوء‬maubū’ poisoned, contaminated,
infested; infected, stricken (‫ ب‬by),
affected (‫ ب‬with)
scold, chide (‫ على ه‬s.o. for)
‫ توبيخ‬taubīk reproach, reproof, censure;
reprimand, rebuke
abundant hair or wool, be covered with
thick hair, be hirsute, hairy
‫ وبر‬wabr pl. ‫ وبور‬wubūr, ‫ وبار‬wibār,
‫ وبارة‬wibāra daman (Hyrax syriaca: zool.)
‫ وبر‬wabar pl. ‫ اوبار‬aubār hair, fur of
camels and goats (furnishing the material
for tents) ‫ اھل الوبر‬ahl al-w. the Bedouins
(as distinguished from ‫)اھل المدر‬
‫ وبر‬wabir covered with hair, hairy,
hirsute 1045
‫ اوبر‬aubar2 f. ‫ وبراء‬wabrā’ covered with
hair, hairy, hirsute
‫ موبر‬muwabbar hairy, woolly
‫ وبش‬wabaš trash, rubbish, bosh; pl. ‫اوباش‬
awbāš rabble, riffraff
‫ وبق‬wabaqa ‫ يبق‬yabiqu and wabiqa ‫يوبق‬
yaubaqu (wabaq, ‫ وبوق‬wubūq, ‫موبق‬
maubiq) to perish, go to ruin, be destroyed
IV to ruin (‫ ه‬s.o.); to debase, humiliate,
mortify (‫ ه‬s.o.)
‫ موبق‬maubiq place of destruction, of
perdition; prison, jail
‫ موبقة‬mūbiqa pl. -āt grave offence; act
of violence, crime; mortal sin
‫ وبل‬wabala ‫ يبل‬yabilu (wabl) to shed
heavy rain (sky); -- wabula ‫ يوبل‬yaubulu
 (wabal, ‫ وبال‬wabāl, ‫ وبالة‬wabāla, ‫وبول‬
wubūl) to be unhealthy, unwholesome,
noxious (climate, air)
‫ وبل‬wabl downpour
‫ وبال‬wabāl unhealthiness of the air or
climate; evil consequences of a deed;
harm, evil, curse
‫ وبيل‬wabīl unhealthy, unwholesome
(climate, food); of evil consequences,
hurtful, noxious, calamitous, disastrous,
pernicious
‫ وابل‬wābil heavy downpour; (fig.) hail,
shower │ ‫( امطره وابال من الرصاص‬raṣāṣ) to
shower s.o. with a hail of bullets; ‫امطر عليه‬
‫( وابال من الشتم‬šatm) to shower s.o. with a
flood of abuse
‫ وبه‬wabaha, wabiha ‫ يوبه‬yaubahu (wabh) and
IV to heed, mind (‫ ل‬or ‫ ب‬s.o.), pay
attention (‫ ل‬or ‫ ب‬to), take notice (‫ ل‬or ‫ب‬
of)
‫ وتد‬II to drive or ram in firmly (‫ ھـ‬a peg or
stake); to fix, fasten, secure (‫ ھـ‬s.th.) │ ‫وتد‬
‫( في بيته‬baitihī) to stay at home
‫ وتد‬watad, watid pl. ‫ اوتاد‬autād peg, pin;
tent pin, tent peg; stake, pole
‫ وتر‬watara ‫ يتر‬yatiru (watr) to string, provide
with a string (‫ ھـ‬the bow); to wrong, harm
(‫ ه‬s.o.), cheat, dupe (‫ ه‬s.o., ‫ ھـ‬out of, with
regard to) II to stretch, strain, draw tight,
tighten, pull taut (‫ ھـ‬a rope, a musical
string, and the like) III to do or perform (‫ھـ‬
s.th.) at intervals, intermittently, with
interruptions IV to string, provide with a
string (‫ ھـ‬the bow) V to be or become
strained, stretched, tight, taut │ ‫توترت‬
‫‘( العالقات‬alāqāt) relations were strained VI
to follow in uninterrupted succession; to
repeat itself, recur
‫ وتر‬witr uneven, odd (number); ‫وترا‬
singly, one by one, separately
‫ وتري‬watrī, witrī uneven, odd (number)
‫ وتر‬watar pl. ‫ اوتار‬autār string (of a
bow, of a musical instrument); sinew,
tendon (anat.); chord (geom.); hypotenuse
(geom.) │ ‫( ضرب على الوتر الحساس‬ḥassās)
to touch on a sensitive spot, get to the
heart of a matter; ‫( وتر صوتي‬ṣautī) vocal
cord
‫ وترى‬watarī stringed, string- (in
compounds)
‫ وتيرة‬watīra pl. ‫ وتائر‬watā’ir2 manner,
way; mode, fashion; procedure, method;
style; tone ‫ على ھذه الوتيرة‬in this manner,
this way; ‫ على وتيرة واحدة‬in the same
manner; uniformly, in unison; ‫استمر على ھذه‬
‫ الوتيرة‬he continued in this tone
‫ تترى‬tatrā one after the other, one by
one, in succession, successively
‫ توتر‬tawattur tension (also el. =
voltage); strain │ ‫توتر األعصاب‬
nervousness, nervous tension; ‫توتر سياسي‬
(siyāsī) political tension
‫ تواتر‬tawātur succession; repetition,
recurrence; frequency, constancy,
incessancy, continuance; persistence;
frequency (el.) │ ‫ على تواتر‬successively,
one after the other, in succession 1046
‫ موتور‬mautūr one who has been
wronged by the murder of a relative, hut
to whom blood revenge is still denied
‫ متوتر‬mutawattir stretched, strained,
taut, tense, rigid, firm, tight
‫ متواتر‬mutawātir successive
‫ وتين‬watīn pl. ‫ وتن‬wutun ‫ اوتنة‬autina aorta
‫ وتى‬III to come (‫ ه‬to, upon; of s.th. pleasant),
befall (‫ ه‬s.o.; s.th. pleasant); to be
complaisant, obliging (‫ ه‬toward s.o.),
oblige (‫ ه‬s.o.); to be favorable, propitious (
‫ ه‬to s.o.); to be convenient (‫ ه‬to s.o.), suit (‫ه‬
s.o.); to turn out successful, be a success (‫ه‬
for s.o.); to be suited, suitable (‫ ه‬to s.o.),
become, befit (‫ ه‬s.o.), go well with (‫ ;)ه‬to
agree (‫ ه‬with; of food)
‫ موات‬muwātin pleasant, agreeable,
pleasing, appealing, engaging, winning,
becoming: favorable, propitious
‫ وثأ‬wata’a ‫ يثأ‬yata’u (‫ وثء‬wat’ to bruise,
contuse (‫ ھـ‬a limb); to wrench, sprain (‫ ھـ‬a
limb); -- ‫ وثئ‬wati’a ‫ يثأ‬yata’u (‫ وثأ‬wata’,
‫ وثوء‬wutū’) and pass. ‫ وثئ‬wuti’a to get
bruised, be wrenched, be sprained IV = I
wata’a
‫ وثء‬wat’ contusion, bruise; sprain,
wrench
‫ وثاءة‬watā’a contusion, bruise; sprain,
wrench
 ‫ وثب‬wataba ‫ يثب‬yatibu (watb, ‫وثوب‬
wutūb, ‫ وثيب‬watīb, ‫ وثبان‬watabān) to jump,
leap, spring, bound; to skip, hop, caper; to
jump up, start; to jump up and run (‫ الى‬to);
to rush (‫ الى‬to), make a rush (‫ الى‬for); to
jump, dash (‫ على‬at s.o.), pounce, fall (‫على‬
upon s.o.) 11 and IV to make (‫ ه‬،‫ ھـ‬s.o.,
s.th.) jump, bounce (‫ ھـ‬s.th.) III to pounce,
fall (‫ ھـ‬upon s.th.) V to jump up, start; to
rush, dash (‫ الى‬to, at); to hop, skip, bound,
leap, jump; to approach eagerly, with
enthusiasm, tackle energetically (‫ الى‬s.th.);
to pounce (‫ على‬،‫ في‬upon); to awaken,
recover, rise VI to jump, leap, spring,
hound, make a jump; to be fast, abort,
come pantingly (breathing)
‫ وثب‬wajb jump(ing), leap(ing) │ ‫وثب‬
‫( بالزانة‬zāna) pole vault(ing); ‫وثب طويل‬
broad jump; ‫‘( وثب عال‬ālin) high jump;
‫ تخطى وثبا من فوق‬to hurdle over ...
‫ وثبة‬watba (n. vic.) pl. watabāt jump,
leap, bound; attack; daring enterprise,
bold undertaking; riae; awakening │ ‫وثبة‬
‫( احساسية‬iḥsāsīya) impulsive motion
‫ وثاب‬wattāb given to jumping, bouncy,
full of bounce; fiery, hotheaded,
impetuous; dashing, daring, enterprising
‫ مواثبة‬muwātaba prompt assertion of a
claim in the presence of witnesses (Isl.
Law)
‫ متوثب‬mutawattib awakening, rising;
vigorous, energetic
‫ وثر‬watura ‫ يوثر‬yauturu (‫ وثارة‬watāra) to be
soft (bed); -- watara ‫ يثر‬yatiru (watr) to
make soft, make smooth (‫ ھـ‬s.th., esp., the
bed)
‫ وثر‬watir son, snug, cozy, comfortable
(bed, seat); smooth (cloth)
‫ وثير‬watīr soft, snug, cozy, comfortable
(bed, seat); smooth (cloth)
‫ وثار‬witār soft bed
‫ ميثرة‬mītara pl. ‫ مواثر‬mawātir2, ‫مياثر‬
mayātir2 saddlecloth, blanket, drape
‫ وثق‬watiqa ‫ يثق‬yatiqu (‫ ثقة‬tiqa, ‫ وثوق‬wutūq) to
place one’s confidence, put faith (‫ ب‬in))
rely, depend (‫ ب‬on), trust (‫ ب‬in; ‫من ان‬
that), be confident (‫ ب‬of; ‫ من ان‬that) │ ‫يوثق‬
‫( به‬yūtaqu) trustworthy, reliable; ‫وثق من‬
‫ النفس‬to have self-confidence; -- watuqa
‫ يوثق‬yautuqu (‫ وثاقة‬watāqa) to be firm,
solid; to be sure, be certain (‫ من‬of) II to
make firm or solid, strengthen, cement,
consolidate (‫ ھـ‬s.th.); to 1047 document,
authenticate, confirm, certify (‫ ھـ‬s.th.),
attest (‫ ھـ‬to), notarize (‫ ھـ‬s.th.), draw up a
notarial deed (‫ ھـ‬over); to link firmly, hind
closely (‫ بين‬-- ‫ بين‬s.o. to) III to enter into
an agreement, make a treaty (‫ ه‬with s.o.) │
‫( واثق نفسه على‬nafsahū) to make a firm
resolution on, intend firmly to (do s.th.)
IV to tie, fasten (‫ ب ه‬s.th. to); to hind, tie
up, fetter (‫ ب ه‬s.o. with) V to he firm,
consolidated, firmly established; to
proceed with confidence, act trustfully (‫في‬
in s.th.) X to make sure, make certain (‫من‬
of), check, verify (‫ من‬s.th.); to have
confidence (‫ ه‬in s.o.), trust (‫ ه‬s.o.)
‫ ثقة‬tiqa trust, confidence, faith, reliance
│ ‫ على ثقة‬trusting (‫ من‬in), relying (‫ من‬on),
confident, certain, sure (‫ من‬of); ‫ھو على ثقة‬
‫ من انه‬he is certain that he ...; ‫ثقة بالنصر‬
(naṣr) confidence in victory; ‫ ثقة بالنفس‬or ‫ثقة‬
‫ بنفسه‬self-confidence, self-reliance; ‫اخو ثقة‬
trustworthy; ‫‘ عدم الثقة‬adam at-t. distrust,
mistrust; ‫( طلب عدم الثقة‬ṭalab) motion of “no
confidence” (parl.); -- tiqa pl. -āt
trustworthy, reliable; trustworthy person,
trusted agent, informant, reliable authority
or source; pl. authorities │ O ‫ثقة عسكري‬
(‘askarī) military expert
‫ وثاق‬watāq, witāq pl. ‫ وثق‬wutuq tie,
bond, fetter, shackle, chain (also fig.) │ ‫شد‬
‫( وثاقه‬šadda) to tie s.o. up. fetter, shackle
s.o.
‫ وثاقة‬watāqa firmness solidity, strength
‫ وثيق‬watīq pl. ‫ وثاق‬witāq firm, strong,
solid; safe, secure, dependable, reliable
‫ وثيقة‬watīqa pl. ‫ وثائق‬watā’iq2
document, deed, writ, instruments, paper,
record, voucher, certificate, receipt,
policy; diplomatic note │ ‫الوثيقة العظمى‬
(‘uẓmā) the Magna Charta; ‫وثيقة التفويض‬
warrant of attorney (jur.)
‫ اوثق‬autaq2, ‫ وثقي‬wutqā firmer, stronger
‫ موثق‬mautiq pl. ‫ مواثق‬mawātiq2
covenant, agreement, contract, treaty, pact
‫ ميثاق‬mātāq pl. ‫ مواثق‬mawātiq2 covenant,
agreement, contract, treaty, pact, alliance;
charter │ ‫ ميثاق ھيئة األمم المتحدة‬m. hai’at al-
 umam al-muttaḥida the Charter of the
United Nations; ‫ ميثاق عدم االعتداء‬m. ‘adam
al-i‘tidā’ nonaggression pact
‫ توثيق‬tautīq consolidation,
strengthening, cementation;
documentation, authentication, attestation,
notarization; functions of a notary public,
notariate │ ‫ توثيق الديون‬consolidation of
debts, specif., consolidation of several
government loans into an overall public
debt
‫ توثقة‬tautiqa security, surety, guaranty
‫ وثاق‬witāq see watāq above
‫ واثق‬wātiq trusting, confident, certain,
sure
‫ موثوق‬mautūq: ‫ موثوق به‬trustworthy,
reliable, dependable; ‫من مصدر موثوق به‬
(maṣdar) from a reliable source
‫ موثق‬muwattiq pl. -ūn notary public
‫ وثل‬watal palm-fiber rope, manila rope, hemp
rope
‫ وثيل‬watīl palm-fiber rope, manila rope,
hemp rope
‫ وثن‬watan pl. ‫ وثن‬wutun, ‫ اوثان‬autān graven
image, idol
‫ وثني‬watanī idolater, pagan, heathen;
pagan, idolatrous
‫ وثنية‬watanīya paganism
‫ وجب‬wajaba ‫ يجب‬yajibu (‫ وجوب‬wujūb)
to be necessary, requisite, obligatory,
indispensable; to be incumbent, imposed,
enjoined (‫ على‬on), be s.o.’s (‫ )على‬duty │
‫ وجب عليه ان‬it is his duty to ..., he is in duty
hound to ..., he has to …, he must ...; ‫كما‬
‫ يجب‬as it should be, as it 1048 must be,
comme il faut; -- (wajb, ‫ وجيب‬wajīb, ‫وجبان‬
wajabān) to throb, beat, palpitate (heart) II
to make s.th. (‫ )ھـ‬s.o.’s (‫ )على‬duty, make
s.th. (‫ )ھـ‬incumbent (‫ على‬on s.o.), impose,
enjoin (‫ على ھـ‬s.th. on s.o.), obligate (‫ھـ على‬
s.o. to) IV to make s.th. (‫ )ھـ‬s.o.’s (‫)على‬
duty, make s.th. (‫ )ھـ‬incumbent (‫ على‬on),
impose, enjoin (‫ على ھـ‬s.th. on s.o.), make
necessary, obligatory, binding (‫ على ھـ‬s.th.
for s.o.), obligate (‫ على‬s.o., ‫ ھـ‬to); to decide
positively (‫ ھـ ل‬s.th. in favor of s.o.),
adjudge, adjudicate, award, grant (‫ل ھـ‬
s.th. to s.o.) X to deserve, merit (‫ ھـ‬s.th.),
be worthy (‫ ھـ‬of); to be entitled, have a
title (‫ ھـ‬to), have a claim (‫ ھـ‬on); to deem
necessary or obligatory (‫ ھـ‬s.th.) │ ‫عمل‬
‫( يستوجب الشكر‬šukra) an act deserving of
thanks, a meritorious undertaking
‫ وجبة‬wajba pl. wajabāt meal, repast;
menu (syr.) │ ‫ وجبة الطعام‬w. aṭ-ṭa’ām meal,
repast; ‫ وجبة ناشفة‬dry rations, emergency
ration (approx.: D ration; mil.)
‫ ايجاب‬ījāb obligation, liability,
commitment; affirmation; confirmation,
assertion; consent, assent; positive
reaction, compliance; offer of contract,
offer (jur.) │ ‫ ايجابا ل‬in conformity with, in
accordance with, according to, in
pursuance of; ‫ محل اإليجاب‬maḥall al-i.
competent authority; ‫ مراجع اإليجاب‬the
competent authorities; ‫ رد )اجاب( باإليجاب‬to
answer in the affirmative, say yes
‫ ايجابي‬ījābī positive; affirmative; active
(defense)
‫ ايجابية‬ījābīya positivism
‫ واجب‬wājib necessary, requisite,
essential, indispensable, inevitable,
unavoidable, inescapable; incumbent,
imperative, binding, obligatory; proper,
adequate, fair; -- (pl. -āt, ‫ وجائب‬wajā’ib2)
duty, obligation; incumbency;
requirement, exigency, necessity; task,
assignment │ ‫ واجب عليك‬it is your duty;
‫ يرى من واجبه‬he considers it his duty;
‫ بالواجب‬obligatorily; dutifully, duly;
deservedly; ‫ واجب العرض‬w. al-‘arḍ suitable
for presentation (petition, application);
‫( واجبات منزلية‬manzilīya) homework (of a
student)
‫ موجوب‬maujūb moral obligation,
dictate, injunction
‫ موجب‬mūjib obligating, necessitating,
requiring, inducing, motivating, causing;
(pl. -āt) cause, reason, motive; need,
exigency, requirement, necessity; matter
of decorum, formality │ ‫ بموجب‬or ‫على‬
‫ موجب‬according to, in accordance with; on
the basis of, on account of; by virtue of,
on the strength of; ‫( ال موجب ل‬mujiba) there
is no reason for ..., one need not ...
‫ موجبة‬mūjiba cause, reason, motive,
deed entailing certain inevitable
consequences
 ‫ موجب‬mūjab necessary, requisite,
obligatory, made binding; effect,
consequence; affirmative (gram.); positive
(also, e.g., el.)
‫ موجبة‬mujaba affirmative sentence
‫ مستوجب‬mustaujib deserving, worthy
‫ وجد‬wajada ‫ يجد‬yajidu (‫ وجود‬wujūd) to
find (‫ ھـ‬s.th.); to hit upon s.th. (‫)ھـ‬, come
across s.th. (‫)ھـ‬, meet with s.th. (‫ ;)ھـ‬to get,
obtain (‫ ھـ‬s.th.); to invent, make up (‫ھـ ھـ‬
s.th. as); to find (good, bad) (‫ ھـ‬s.th.); pass.
wujida (‫ وجود‬wujūd): to be found, be there,
exist; to be; ‫ يوجد‬yūjadu there is (are); --
(wajd) to experience, feel, sense (‫ھـ‬
affections, afflictions); to suffer, be in a
state of painful agitation; to love (‫ ب‬s.o.),
be impassioned (‫ ب‬by), long ardently,
languish (‫ ب‬for); -- i u (wajd) to be angry (
‫ على‬with), have a grudge (‫ على‬against) IV
to produce, evoke, provoke. engender,
bring into being, originate, cause, bring ‫ وجز‬wajaza ‫ يجز‬yajizu and wajuza ‫يوجز‬
about (‫ ھـ‬s.th.); to create, make (‫ ھـ‬s.th.); to
achieve, accomplish, effect (‫ ھـ‬s.th.); to
1049 invent (‫ ھـ‬s.th.); to let (‫ ه‬s.o.) find or
obtain (‫ ھـ‬s.th.), get, procure (‫ ھـ ه‬for s.o.,
s.th.), furnish, supply (‫ ھـ ه‬to s.o. s.th.); to
force, compel (‫ على ه‬s.o. to) V to be
passionately in love (‫ ب‬with); to grieve (g
or ‫ ب‬for) VI to show up, turn up, come; to
exist, be existent, be there, be available; to
affect passion
‫ وجد‬wajd strong emotion, emotional
upset; passion, ardor; ecstasy of love
‫ وجدان‬wijdān passionate excitement;
ecstasy; emotional life, psychic forces;
feeling, sentiment
‫ وجداني‬wijdānī emotional; psychic,
mental; sentimental
‫ وجود‬wujūd finding, discovery; being;
existence; presence; whereabouts; stay,
visit
‫ وجودي‬wujūdī existential; existentialist
│ ‫( الفلسفة الوجودية‬falsafa) existentialism
‫ موجدة‬maujida feeling, emotion,
passion, excitement; anger, grudge,
resentment, ill will
‫ ايجاد‬ījād creation, procreation,
production, origination; procuring,
procurement, furnishing, supply;
calculation, computation, evaluation
‫ واجد‬wājid finding; finder; agitated,
excited, upset, worried (‫ على‬about); in love
(‫ ب‬with)
‫ موجود‬maujūd found; available, on
hand, existing, existent; present; living
being, creature; stock, store, supply; pl.
-āt everything in existence, the creation;
(com.) assets, stocks
‫ موجد‬mūjid originator, author, creator
‫ وجر‬wajr pl. ‫ اوجار‬aujār cave, cavern, grotto;
den, lair, habitation
‫ وجرة‬wajra, wajara pitfall
‫ وجار‬wijār pl. ‫ اوجرة‬aujira cave (of wild
animals), den, lair, burrow
‫ ميجار‬mījār pl. ‫ مواجير‬mawājīr2 bat;
racket; earthen kneading trough
yaujuzu (wajz, ‫ وجازة‬wajāza, ‫ وجوز‬wajūz)
to be brief, succinct, terse, concise,
summary IV to be concise, terse; to be
brief, succinct (‫ في‬or ‫ ھـ‬in); to abridge,
summarize, epitomize (‫ ھـ‬s.th.), make it
short
‫ وجز‬wajz short, brief, succinct; terse,
concise, summary, compendious
‫ وجيز‬wajīz short, brief, succinct; terse,
concise, summary, compendious │ ‫بوجيز‬
‫ العبارة‬briefly stated, in a few words,
reduced to its essentials, in a nutshell
‫ ايجاز‬ījāz shortness, brevity,
succinctness; conciseness, terseness;
abridgment │ ‫ ايجازا‬or ‫ باإليجاز‬in short,
briefly, concisely; ‫( واليكھا باإليجاز‬ilaikahā)
the matter is, briefly, as follows
‫ موجز‬mūjaz summarized; concise, terse;
abstract, epitome; outline, brief sketch;
summary, résumé
‫ وجس‬wajasa ‫ يجس‬yajisu (wajs, ‫وجسان‬
wajasān) to be apprehensive, be afraid, be
worried, be seized with fear IV to have
presentiments, forebodings,
apprehensions; to have a presentiment (‫ھـ‬
of), fear (‫ ھـ‬s.th.), be afraid, apprehensive,
in dread (‫ ھـ‬of); to feel, sense, realize (‫ھـ‬
s.th.), be aware (‫ ھـ‬of) │ ‫اوجس خيفة‬
(kīfatan) to have a sensation of`fear; ‫اوجس‬
 ‫( فيه الملل‬malala) to feel that s.o. is bored,
sense s.o.’s boredom V = IV; to listen
anxiously, apprehensively (‫ ھـ‬to); to taste,
‫ وجم‬wajama ‫ يجم‬yajimu (wajm, ‫ وجوم‬wujūm) to
nibble, sip (‫ ھـ‬of s.th.) │ ‫توجس شرا من‬
(šarran) to regard s.th. as an evil omen
‫ وجس‬wajs fear, apprehension, anxiety,
concern, uneasiness
‫ توجس‬tawajjus timorousness, timidity,
apprehensiveness
‫ واجس‬wājis disquieting thought,
foreboding, evil premonition 1050
‫ وجع‬waji‘a ‫ يوجع‬yauja‘u (waja‘) to feel pain,
be in pain; to hurt, pain (‫ ه‬s.o.) IV to
cause pain (‫ ه‬to s.o.); to pain. hurt (‫ه‬
s.o.) V to suffer pain, be in pain; to voice
one’s pain, give vent to one’s pain, to
lament; to feel grid, sorrow or pity, feel
sorry, feel compassion (‫ ل‬for s.o.),
commiserate (‫ ل‬with), pity (‫ ل‬s.o.)
‫ وجع‬waja‘ pl. ‫ اوجاع‬aujā‘, ‫ وجاع‬wijā‘
pain, ache; ailment │ ‫ وجع السن‬w. as-sinn
toothache; ‫( الوجع بكبدك‬bi-kabidika) an
imprecation (lit.: may pain strike your
liver!)
‫ وجيع‬painful; grievous, sad
‫ توجع‬tawajju‘ pain, ache; lament
‫ موجوع‬maujū‘ feeling pain, in pain,
aching; ailing; suffering
‫ وجف‬wajafa ‫ يجف‬yajifu (wajf, ‫ وجوف‬wujūf,
‫ وجيف‬to be agitated, excited, troubled, in
commotion; -- (wajīf) to throb, beat
(heart) IV to agitate, excite, trouble,
disturb (‫ ھـ‬s.th.); to make (‫ ھـ‬s.th.) tremble
‫ وجل‬wajil pl. -ūn, ‫ وجال‬wijāl fearful,
apprehensive, timorous; cowardly, craven
be silent; to be speechless, dumfounded
(with fear, rags, and the like); to be shy; to
be despondent, dejected, depressed
‫ وجم‬wajim silent, speechless,
dumfounded; despondent, dejected,
depressed
‫ وجوم‬wujūm silence; anxious,
apprehensive silence; speechlessness from
indignation, speechless, indignation;
despondency; shyness; anxiety, concern,
sorrow
‫ واجم‬wājim silent, speechless,
dumfounded; despondent, dejected,
depressed
‫ وجنة‬wajna pl. wajanāt cheek
‫ وجه‬wajuha ‫ يوجه‬yaujuhu (‫ وجاھة‬wajāha) to be
a man of distinction, belong to the
notables II to raise to eminence,
distinguish, honor (‫ ه‬s.o.); to turn one’s
face, turn, go (‫ الى‬to), head (‫ الى‬for); to
send, dispatch (‫ الى ه‬s.o. to); to aim, level (
‫ ل‬or ‫ الى ه‬s.th. at), direct, steer, guide,
channel (‫ ل‬or ‫ الى ه‬s.th. to); to turn (‫ ھـ‬s.th.,
e.g., one’s face, one’s attention, etc., ‫ ل‬or
‫ الى‬to); to address (‫ الى ھـ‬a request, a
question, a letter, etc., to) │ ‫وجه عليه تھمة‬
(tuhmatan) to rail, an accusation, bring a
charge against s.o.; ‫( وجه النظر الى‬naẓara)
to turn one’s eyes to III to be opposite
s.th. (‫)ھـ‬, be in front (‫ ھـ‬of); to face, front (
‫ ھـ‬a locality or toward); to meet face to
face, encounter (‫ ه‬s.o.); to s