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MIT3 091SCF09 Lec3
MIT3 091SCF09 Lec3
MIT3 091SCF09 Lec3
Problem #1
From a standard radio dial, determine the maximum and minimum wavelengths
Solution
c c
c = νλ, ∴ λmin = ; λmax =
νmax νmin
3 x 108m / s 3 x 108
AM λmin = = 188 m λmax = = 566 m
1600 x 103Hz 530 x 103
3 x 108 3 x 108
FM λmin = = 2.78 m λmax = = 3.41 m
108 x 106 88 x 106
Problem #2
Solution
νλ = c ; 1/λ = ν ; 1 nm = 109 m = 10 Å
E = hν ; Emolar = hν x NA (NA = 6.02 x 1023 )
c 3 x 108 m/s
(a) ν (frequency) = = = 7.353 x 1014s−1
λ 408 x 10-9 m
1 1
(b) ν (wavenumber) = = = 2.45 x 106m−1
λ 408 x 10-9m
1010 Å
(c) λ = 408 x 10-9m x = 4080Å
m
(e) visible spectrum: violet (500 nm) red (800 nm) 408 nm = UV
Problem #3
For “yellow radiation” (frequency, ν , = 5.09 x 1014 s–1) emitted by activated sodium,
determine:
Solution
(a) The equation relating ν and λ is c = νλ where c is the speed of light = 3.00 x 108 m.
(b) The wave number is 1/wavelength, but since the wavelength is in m, and the wave
number should be in cm–1, we first change the wavelength into cm:
Now we take the reciprocal of the wavelength to obtain the wave number:
1 1
ν = = -5
= 1.70 x 104 cm-1
λ 5.89 x 10 cm
(c) The Einstein equation, E =h ν , will give the energy associated with one photon since
we know h, Planck’s constant, and ν . We need to multiply the energy obtained by
Avogadro’s number to get the energy per mole of photons.
E = hν = (6.62 x 10-34 J.s) x (5.09 x 1014 s-1 ) = 3.37 x 10-19 J per photon
This is the energy in one photon. Multiplying by Avogadro’s number:
we get the energy per mole of photons. For the final step, the energy is converted into kJ:
1 kJ
2.03 x 105 J x = 2.03 x 102 kJ
1000 J
Problem #4
Potassium metal can be used as the active surface in a photodiode because electrons are
relatively easily removed from a potassium surface. The energy needed is 2.15 x 105 J
per mole of electrons removed (1 mole =6.02 x 1023 electrons). What is the longest
wavelength light (in nm) with quanta of sufficient energy to eject electrons from a
potassium photodiode surface?
Solution
1 mole
2.15 x 105 J/mole photoelectrons x
23
6.02 x 10 photoelectrons
For red light of wavelength ( λ ) 6.7102 x 10–5 cm, emitted by excited lithium atoms,
calculate:
Solution
1 1
(b) ν = = -7
= 1.4903 x 106 m−1 = 1.4903 x 104 cm−1
λ 6.7102 x 10 m
1 nm
(c) λ = 6.7102 x 10-5 cm x = 671.02 cm
10-7 cm
Problem #6
Solution
In its most general form, the Bohr theory considers the attractive force
(Coulombic) between the nucleus and an electron being given by:
Ze2
Fc =
4πε or2
where Z is the charge of the nucleus (1 for H, 2 for He, etc.). Correspondingly, the electron
energy (Eel) is given as:
Z2 me4
Eel = -
n2 8h2 ε o2
n2 h2εo
rn =
Z πme2
n2
rn = a
Z o
1 0.529
For He+ (Z=2), r1 = ao = x 10-10 m = 0.264Å
2 2
Problem #7
(a) Determine the atomic weight of He++ from the values of its constituents.
(b) Compare the value obtained in (a) with the value listed in your Periodic Table and
explain any discrepancy if such is observed. (There is only one natural 42He
isotope.)
Solution
6.6952056 x 10−24 g
/ amu
1.660565 x 10-24 g
He = 4.03188 amu
(b) The listed atomic weight for He is 4.00260 (amu). The data indicate a mass defect of
2.92841 x 10–2 amu, corresponding to 4.8628 x 10–26 g/atom.
ΔE
Δm = = 2.928 x 10-5 kg/mole = 0.02928 g/mole
2
c