Workshop 3A

Coupling

Impeller Blade
3A. Coupling
Impeller Blade Workshop Supplement

INTRO
Description:

RODUCTIO
• Use coupling to model a 30
30° sector of an impeller.
• Determine the von Mises stress distribution in the blade due to an
angular velocity load of 1000 rad/sec about the Z axis.

ON TO ANSYS
Material Properties:
• EX is 14,794,080 psi

A
• PRXY is 0
0.3
3
Loads and Boundary Conditions:
• 1000
000 rad/s
ad/s a
angular
gu a velocity
e oc ty about z-axis
a s

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Part 2
• Constrain UX & UY DOF at r=0 (origin)

February 20, 2006

Inventory #002271
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3A. Coupling
Impeller Blade Workshop Supplement

INTRO
1. Launch ANSYS in the working directory specified by your instructor using “cp_blade”
as the jobname.

RODUCTIO
2
2. Resume the “cp
cp_blade.db1
blade db1” database file:
– Utility Menu > File > Resume from …
– Or issue:
RESUME,cp_blade,db1

3
3. Enter the preprocessor and define element type 1 and 2 to be SOLID95 and MESH200
MESH200,

ON TO ANSYS
respectively, and also set KEYOPY(1) = 5 for the MESH200 element:
– Main Menu > Preprocessor > Element Type > Add/Edit/Delete
• [Add ...]
– Choose “Structural Solid” and “Brick 20node 95”, then [Apply]

A
– Choose “Not Solved” and “Mesh Facet 200”, then [OK]
• Highlight Mesh200 and click on [Options ...]
• Set K1 = “TRIA 6-NODE”, then [OK]
• [Close]

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– Or issue:

Part 2
/PREP7
ET,1,SOLID95
ET,2,MESH200
KEYOPT,2,1,5

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3A. Coupling
Impeller Blade Workshop Supplement

INTRO
4. Mesh volume 2 (the blade) using VSWEEP:
– Main Menu > Preprocessor > Meshing > MeshTool

RODUCTIO
• Select “Hex” and “Sweep”, then [Sweep]
– Or issue:
VSWEEP,2
5. Set the global element size to 0.05 and mesh area number 1 (low sector boundary)
with MESH200 elements:
– Main Menu > Preprocessor > Meshing > MeshTool

ON TO ANSYS
• Set global element size to 0.05
• Set Mesh: = Areas
• Select “Tri” and “Free”, then [Mesh]
– Or issue:
ESIZ,0.05

A
AMESH,1

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3A. Coupling
Impeller Blade Workshop Supplement

INTRO
6. Copy the mesh on area 1 onto area 11 (high sector boundary):
– Main Menu > Preprocessor > Modeling > Copy > Area Mesh

RODUCTIO
• Pick area number 1 (or enter “1”
1 followed by [Enter] in Picker Input box)
• [OK]
• Pick area number 11 (or enter “11” followed by [Enter] in Picker Input box)
• [OK]
• Set KCN=1

ON TO ANSYS
• Set DY=30
• [OK]
– Or issue:
MSHCOPY,AREA,1,11,1,0,30

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3A. Coupling
Impeller Blade Workshop Supplement

INTRO
7. Mesh volume 1 (the base) with SOLID95 tet. elements:
– Main Menu > Preprocessor > Meshing > MeshTool

RODUCTIO
• Tet/Free
– Or issue:
MSHAPE,1,3D
MSHKEY,0
,
VMESH,1

ON TO ANSYS
A
8. Convert SOLID95 degenerate tets to SOLID92 tets:
– Main Menu > Preprocessor > Meshing > Modify Mesh > Change Tets
– Or issue:

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Part 2
TCHG,95,92,3

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3A. Coupling
Impeller Blade Workshop Supplement

INTRO
9. Couple nodal dofs on the low boundary to the corresponding nodal dofs on the high
boundary in the cylindrical coordinate system (CSYS,1):

RODUCTIO
– Main Menu > Preprocessor
p > Coupling
p g / Ceqn
q > Offset Nodes
• Set KCN=1
• Set DY=30
• [OK]
– Or issue:

ON TO ANSYS
CPCYC,ALL,0.0001,1,0,30

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3A. Coupling
Impeller Blade Workshop Supplement

INTRO
10. Constrain UX and UY dofs on nodes at X=0 (or r=0 in CSYS,1):
10a. Select nodes at X=0:

RODUCTIO
– Utility Menu > Select > Entities ...
– Or issue:
NSEL,S,LOC,X,0

10b. Constrain nodes in UX and UY directions:

ON TO ANSYS
– Main Menu > Preprocessor > Loads > Define Loads > Apply > Structural > Displacement > On Nodes
– Or issue:
D,ALL,UX, , , , ,UY

A
11 To prevent rigid body motion in the Z direction (axial direction)
11. direction), constrain the UZ dof
on the node at the origin (node number 2769):
11a. Reselect from current subset the node at Z=0:
– Utility Menu > Select > Entities ...

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– O i
Or issue:

Part 2
NSEL,R,LOC,Z,0

11b. Constrain the node in the UX, UY, and UZ directions:

– Main Menu > Preprocessor > Loads > Define Loads > Apply > Structural > Displacement > On Nodes
– Or issue:
D,ALL,UZ
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3A. Coupling
Impeller Blade Workshop Supplement

INTRO
12. Select all the nodes and rotate their coordinate systems to align with the global
cylindrical coordinate system:

RODUCTIO
12 S
12a. Select
l t all
ll the
th nodes:
d
– Utility Menu > Select > Everything
– Or issue:
NSEL,ALL

ON TO ANSYS
12b. Set active coordinate system to global cylindrical:
– Utility Menu > WorkPlane > Change Active CS to > Global Cylindrical
– Or issue:
CSYS,1

A
12c. Rotate nodal coordinates to align with the global cylindrical coordinate system:
– Main Menu >Preprocessor > Modeling > Move / Modify > Rotate Node CS > To Active CS
• [Pick All]

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– Or issue:

Part 2
NROTAT,ALL

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3A. Coupling
Impeller Blade Workshop Supplement

INTRO
13. Turn off plotting symbol for nodal couples:
– Utility Menu > PlotCtrls > Symbols …

RODUCTIO
• Select “For
For Individual:
Individual:” and “Miscellaneous”
Miscellaneous , then [Ok]
• Set CP = “Off”
• [OK]
– Or issue:
, , ,
/PBC,CP, ,0

ON TO ANSYS
14. Check elements:
– Main Menu > Preprocessor > Meshing > Check Mesh > Individual Elms > Plot Warning/Error Elements
• [OK]

A
• [Close]
– Utility Menu > Select > Everything
– Utility Menu > Plot > Elements
– Or issue:

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CHECK ESEL WARN
CHECK,ESEL,WARN

Part 2
EPLOT
ESEL,ALL
EPLOT

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3A. Coupling
Impeller Blade Workshop Supplement

INTRO
15. Save the database and obtain the solution:
– Pick the “SAVE_DB” button in the Toolbar (or select: Utility Menu > File > Save as Jobname.db)

RODUCTIO
– Main Menu > Solution > Solve > Current LS
• Review the “/STATUS Command” and then close it
• [OK]
– Or issue:
SAVE

ON TO ANSYS
/SOLU
SOLVE

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3A. Coupling
Impeller Blade Workshop Supplement

INTRO
16. Enter the general postprocessor and plot the von Mises stress:
– Main Menu > General Postproc > Plot Results > Contour Plot > Nodal Solu

RODUCTIO
– Or issue:
/POST1
PLNSOL,S,EQV

ON TO ANSYS
ANSYS - P
Part
art 2
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3A. Coupling
Impeller Blade Workshop Supplement

INTRO
17. Plot the von Mises stress for volume number 2 (the blade):
– Utility Menu > Select > Entities

RODUCTIO
– Select “Volumes:
Volumes: By Num/Pick
Num/Pick”, click on “Apply”
Apply , and select Volume 2.
2
– Sele Belo (to select everything below selected volumes)
– Main Menu > General Postproc > Plot Results > Contour Plot > Nodal Solu
– Or issue:
VSEL,S,,,2
, ,,,

ON TO ANSYS
ALLSEL,BELOW,VOLU
PLNSOL,S,EQV

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3A. Coupling
Impeller Blade Workshop Supplement

INTRO
18. Plot the von Mises stress for volume number 1 (the base):
– Utility Menu > Select > Entities (to first select volume 1)

RODUCTIO
– Sele Belo (to select everything below selected volumes)
– Replot
– Or issue:
VSEL,S,,,1
ALLSEL,BELOW,VOLU
, ,

ON TO ANSYS
PLNSOL,S,EQV

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3A. Coupling
Impeller Blade Workshop Supplement

INTRO
19. Select everything and expand the results 360 degrees:
– Utility Menu > Select > Everything

RODUCTIO
– Utility Menu > PlotCtrls > Style > Symmetry Expansion > User
User-Specified
Specified Expansion …
• Set NREPEAT=12
• Set TYPE=Polar
• Set DY=30, then [OK]
– Utilityy Menu > PlotCtrls > Pan, Zoom, Rotate ...

ON TO ANSYS
• [ISO]
• [Fit]
– Or issue:
/EXPAND,12,POLAR,FULL,,30

A
/VIEW,1,1,1,1
/AUTO,1
/REPLOT

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20. Save and exit ANSYS:

Part 2
– Pick the “QUIT” button in the Toolbar
– Or issue:
SAVE
FINISH
/EXIT
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 Workshop 3B
Constraint Equations

Turbine Blade
3B. Constraint Equations
Turbine Blade Workshop Supplement

INTRO
Description:

RODUCTIO
• Use constraint equations to connect a turbine blade to its base, then solve
a stress analysis.
Material Properties for Blade:
• EX is
s 14,794,080
, 9 ,080 psi
ps

ON TO ANSYS
• PRXY is 0.3
• DENS is 4.5388e-3 lb/in3

A
Material Properties for Base:
• EX is 32,053,840 psi
• PRXY is 0.3

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Part 2
• DENS is 8.3289e-3 lb/in3
Loads & Boundary Conditions:
• Acceleration load of 1000 in/sec2 in the X direction
February 20, 2006
• Fix area #25 Inventory #002271
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3B. Constraint Equations
Turbine Blade Workshop Supplement

INTRO
1. Enter ANSYS in the working directory specified by your instructor using “ce_blade”
as the jobname.

RODUCTIO
2
2. Resume th
R the ““ce_blade.db1”
bl d db1” database
d t b file
fil and
d plot
l t materials
t i l byb color
l and
d the
th default
d f lt
symbols:
– Utility Menu > File > Resume from …
– Utility Menu > PlotCtrls > Numbering
• Set Elem / Attrib numbering to: Material Numbers

ON TO ANSYS
• Set /NUM to: Colors Only
• [OK]
– Utility Menu > PlotCtrls > Symbols > [OK]

A
– Or issue:
RESUME,ce_blade,db1
/PNUM,MAT,1

3. Select the base elements (material 2) and then plot them:

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– U ili Menu
Utility M > Select
S l > Entities
E ii …

Part 2
– Utility Menu > Plot > Elements
– Or issue:
ESEL,S,MAT,,2
EPLOT

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Inventory #002271
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3B. Constraint Equations
Turbine Blade Workshop Supplement

INTRO
4. Select nodes on the bottom surface of the blade:
4a. Select nodes at Z=0 and then plot them:

RODUCTIO
– Utility Menu > Select > Entities …
– Utility Menu > Plot > Nodes
– Or issue:
NSEL,S,LOC,Z,0

ON TO ANSYS
NPLOT

4b. Unselect nodes attached to elements:

– Utility Menu > Select > Entities …

A
– Utility Menu > Plot > Nodes
– Or issue:
NSLE,U
NPLOT

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Part 2
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3B. Constraint Equations
Turbine Blade Workshop Supplement

INTRO
5. Enter the preprocessor and generate constraint equations for “Adjacent Regions”:
– Main Menu > Preprocessor > Coupling / Ceqn > Adjacent Regions

RODUCTIO
• Accept the default tolerance about elements (TOLER=0
(TOLER 0.25)
25)
• [OK]
– Utility Menu > Plot > Elements
– Or issue:
/PREP7

ON TO ANSYS
CEINTF,0.25
EPLOT

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3B. Constraint Equations
Turbine Blade Workshop Supplement

INTRO
6. Select everything and constrain all dof on the front face of the base (area 25):
– Utility Menu > Select > Everything

RODUCTIO
– Utility Menu > PlotCtrls > Numbering …
• Set AREA = “On”
• Set Elem / Attrib numbering = “No numbering”
• Set /NUM = Colors & numbers
• [
[OK]
]

ON TO ANSYS
– Utility Menu > Plot > Areas
– Main Menu > Preprocessor > Loads > Define Loads > Apply > Structural > Displacement > On Areas
– Or issue:
ALLSEL,ALL

A
/PNUM,AREA,1
/NUMBER,0
APLOT
DA,25,ALL

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Part 2
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3B. Constraint Equations
Turbine Blade Workshop Supplement

INTRO
7. Plot elements and save the database:
– Utility Menu > Plot > Elements

RODUCTIO
– Pick the “SAVE
SAVE_DB
DB” button in the Toolbar
– Or issue:
EPLOT
SAVE

ON TO ANSYS
ANSYS - P
Part
8. Solve:

art 2
– Main Menu > Solution > Solve > Current LS
– Or issue:
/SOLU
SOLVE

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3B. Constraint Equations
Turbine Blade Workshop Supplement

INTRO
9. Enter the general postprocessor and plot the von Mises stress:
– Main Menu > General Postproc > Plot Results > Contour Plot > Nodal Solu

RODUCTIO
– Or issue:
/POST1
PLNSOL,S,EQV

ON TO ANSYS
ANSYS - P
10. Save and exit ANSYS:
– Pick the “QUIT” button in the Toolbar
• Select “Save Everything”
• [OK]

Part 2
– Or issue:
SAVE
FINISH
/EXIT,ALL

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 Workshop 3C
Constraint Equations - Rigid Regions

Swaybar
3C. Constraint Equations - Rigid Regions
Swaybar
y Workshop Supplement

INTRO
Description:

RODUCTIO
• Replace the right two-thirds
two thirds of the swaybar model below with a
"rigid region" (constraint equations).
• The swaybar, made of steel (EX = 2.11e6 kgf/cm2, PRXY = 0.3), is
subjected to a vertical force of 500 kgf at its right end.
end

ON TO ANSYS
• Note: 1 kgf = 9.81 N, 1 kgf/cm2 = 98066.5 Pa

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3C. Constraint Equations - Rigid Regions
Swaybar
y Workshop Supplement

INTRO
1. Enter ANSYS in the working directory specified by your instructor using
“swaybar_cerig” as the jobname.

RODUCTIO
2
2. R d iinputt from
Read f the
th file
fil “swaybar1.inp”:
“ b 1i ”
– Utility Menu > File > Read Input from …
– Or issue:
/INP,swaybar1,inp

ON TO ANSYS
ANSYS - P
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art 2
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3C. Constraint Equations - Rigid Regions
Swaybar
y Workshop Supplement

INTRO
3. Define a node (numbered 10000) at X=33, Y=0, and Z=0:
– Main Menu > Preprocessor > Modeling > Create > Nodes > In Active CS

RODUCTIO
– Or issue:
N,10000,33

4. Set the element type attribute pointer to 2 and create a MASS21 element at node
10000:
– M i Menu
Main M >P
Preprocessor > M
Modeling
d li > C
Create
t > El
Elements
t > El
Elem Attributes
Att ib t

ON TO ANSYS
– Main Menu > Preprocessor > Modeling > Create > Elements > Auto Numbered > Thru Nodes
– Or issue:
TYPE,2

A
E 10000
E,10000

5. Apply a force load of -500 kgf in the FY direction on node 10000:

– Main Menu > Preprocessor > Loads > Define Loads > Apply > Structural > Force/Moment > On Nodes
– Or issue:

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Part 2
F,10000,FY,-500

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3C. Constraint Equations - Rigid Regions
Swaybar
y Workshop Supplement

INTRO
6. Select all nodes at X=10 and node number 10000:
– Utility Menu > Select > Entities …

RODUCTIO
– Utility Menu > Plot > Nodes (Or pick PLOT on Selection Tool)
Tool).
– Or issue:
NSEL,S,LOC,X,10
NSEL,A,,,10000
NPLOT

ON TO ANSYS
7. Generate rigid links (constraint equations) for the
UX and UY degrees of freedom between nodes at
X=10 and node 10000:

A
– Main Menu > Preprocessor > Coupling / Ceqn > Rigid Region
– Or issue:
CERIG,10000,ALL,UX,UY

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3C. Constraint Equations - Rigid Regions
Swaybar
y Workshop Supplement

INTRO
8. Select all nodes, turn on structural force and constraint equation symbols and plot
elements:

RODUCTIO
– Utilityy Menu > Select > Everything
y g…
– Utility Menu > PlotCtrls > Symbols …
– Utility Menu > Plot > Elements
– Or issue:
NSEL,ALL

ON TO ANSYS
/PBC,F,,1
/PBC,CE,,1
EPLOT

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3C. Constraint Equations - Rigid Regions
Swaybar
y Workshop Supplement

INTRO
9. Save the database and obtain the solution using the PCG iterative solver:
– Main Menu > Solution > Analysis Type > Sol’n Control

RODUCTIO
– Utility Menu > File > Save as Jobname
Jobname.db
db
– Main Menu > Solution > Solve > Current LS
– Or issue:
/SOLU
EQSLV,PCG
,

ON TO ANSYS
SAVE
SOLVE

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3C. Constraint Equations - Rigid Regions
Swaybar
y Workshop Supplement

INTRO
10. Unselect the MASS21 element, then enter POST1 and plot the nodal solution for
SEQV:

RODUCTIO
– Utilityy Menu > Select > Entities ...
– Main Menu > General Postproc > Plot Results > Contour Plot > Nodal Solu
– Or issue:
ESEL,U,ENAME,,21
/POST1

ON TO ANSYS
PLNSOL,S,EQV

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3C. Constraint Equations - Rigid Regions
Swaybar
y Workshop Supplement

INTRO
11. Plot the displacement:
– Main Menu > General Postproc > Plot Results > Contour Plot > Nodal Solu

RODUCTIO
– Or issue:
PLNSOL,U,SUM

ON TO ANSYS
ANSYS - P
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3C. Constraint Equations - Rigid Regions
Swaybar
y Workshop Supplement

INTRO
12. If time permits, solve the FULL model and compare its results to the model with rigid
links:

RODUCTIO
– Utilityy Menu > File > Read Input
p from …
• Select the “swaybar2.inp” file, then [OK]
– Or issue:
/INP,swaybar2,inp

13 When the solution is done

13. done, enter POST1 and plot the nodal solution for SEQV:

ON TO ANSYS
– Main Menu > General Postproc > Plot Results > Contour Plot > Nodal Solu
– Or issue:
/POST1

A
PLNSOL S EQV
PLNSOL,S,EQV

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3C. Constraint Equations - Rigid Regions
Swaybar
y Workshop Supplement

INTRO
14. Select volumes 1 through 5 and all of the elements and nodes attached to volumes 1
through 5, then plot the nodal solution for SEQV:

RODUCTIO
– Utilityy Menu > Select > Entities …
– Main Menu > General Postproc > Plot Results > Contour Plot > Nodal Solu
– Or issue:
VSEL,S,,,1,5
ALLSEL,BELOW,VOLU

ON TO ANSYS
PLNSOL,S,EQV
/AUTO,1
/REPLOT

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3C. Constraint Equations - Rigid Regions
Swaybar
y Workshop Supplement

INTRO
15. Plot the displacement:
– Main Menu > General Postproc > Plot Results > Contour Plot > Nodal Solu

RODUCTIO
– Or issue:
PLNSOL,U,SUM

ON TO ANSYS
ANSYS - P
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art 2
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3C. Constraint Equations - Rigid Regions
Swaybar
y Workshop Supplement

INTRO
16. Save and exit ANSYS:
– Pick the “QUIT” button in the Toolbar

RODUCTIO
• Select “Save
Save Everything
Everything”
• [OK]
– Or issue:
SAVE
FINISH

ON TO ANSYS
/EXIT,ALL

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