ES 12 Part 2: Lecture 9

FORCE AND INERTIA

METHOD FOR
PARTICLE KINETICS
Engr. Maxell P. Lumbera
Kinematics of Particles (by F.P. Beer
and E.R. Johnston, Notes by J.W. Oler)

ES 12 Lec 9 Kinematics of Particles (by F.P. Beer and E.R.

1
Johnston, Notes by J.W. Oler)
Force-Inertia Method
 Sample Problem 1
An 80-kg block rests on a horizontal plane. Find the
magnitude of the force P required to give the block an
acceleration of 2.5 m/s2 to the right. The coefficient of
kinetic friction between the block and the plane is 𝜇𝑘 = 0.25.

30o

80 kg

ES 12 Lec 9 Kinematics of Particles (by F.P. Beer and E.R.

2
Johnston, Notes by J.W. Oler)
Force-Inertia Method
 1. FBD = EFD
W =80kg(9.81 m/s2)
P
=784.8 N
30o

=
ma

𝝁𝒌 N ma =80kg(2.5m/s2)
N =200kg-m/s2

*For force-inertia method for particles, it is assumed that the forces (and the ma vector)
are concurrent.

ES 12 Lec 9
Force-Inertia Method
Sample Problem 1
Kinematics of Particles (by F.P. Beer and E.R.
3
Johnston, Notes by J.W. Oler)
 2. Set up the equilibrium equations

→ : 𝑃 cos 30 − 0.25𝑁 = 200

↑ : −𝑃 sin 30 − 784.8 + 𝑁 = 0

𝑃 cos 30 − 0.25𝑁 = 200 𝑃 = 534.66 𝑁

−𝑃 sin 30 + 𝑁 = 784.8 𝑁 = 1052. 13𝑁

ES 12 Lec 9
Force-Inertia Method
Sample Problem 1
Kinematics of Particles (by F.P. Beer and E.R.
4
Johnston, Notes by J.W. Oler)
 Sample Problem 2
The 5-kg block B starts from rest and slides on the 12-kg
wedge A, which is supported by a horizontal surface.
Neglecting friction, determine
(a) the acceleration of the wedge
(b) the acceleration of the block relative to the wedge

30o
A

ES 12 Lec 9 Kinematics of Particles (by F.P. Beer and E.R.

5
Johnston, Notes by J.W. Oler)
Force-Inertia Method
 1. FBD = EFD NAB WA=12kg(9.81 m/s2)
=117.72 N

60o

30o = 30o
m A aA
A

ma =12kg(aA)
Nf =12aA

5kg(9.81 m/s2)= WB
=49.05 N
= 30o m B aA
60o
mBaB/A
NAB
Sample Problem 2
ES 12 Lec 9 Kinematics of Particles (by F.P. Beer and E.R.
6
Johnston, Notes by J.W. Oler)
Force-Inertia Method
 2. Set up the equilibrium equations
For wedge A:
→ : 𝑁𝐴𝐵 cos 60 = 12𝑎𝐴

↑ : −𝑁𝐴𝐵 sin 60 − 117.72 + 𝑁𝑓 = 0

For block B:
: −49.05 cos 30 + 𝑁𝐴𝐵 = −5𝑎𝐴 sin 30

: −49.05 sin 30 = −5𝑎𝐵/𝐴 + 5𝑎𝐴 cos 30

𝑁𝐴𝐵 cos 60 − 12𝑎𝐴 = 0 −49.05 sin 30 = −5𝑎𝐵/𝐴 + 5𝑎𝐴 cos 30

𝑁𝐴𝐵 + 5𝑎𝐴 sin 30 = 49.05 cos 30 −49.05 sin 30 = −5𝑎𝐵/𝐴 + 5 1.603 cos 30
𝑁𝐴𝐵 = 38.471 𝑁 𝑜
𝑎𝐵/𝐴 = 6.293 𝑚/𝑠 2 30
𝑎𝐴 = 1.603 𝑚/𝑠 2

ES 12 Lec 9
Force-Inertia Method
Sample Problem 2
Kinematics of Particles (by F.P. Beer and E.R.
7
Johnston, Notes by J.W. Oler)
 Sample Problem 3
The bob of a 2-m pendulum describes an arc of circle n a
vertical plane. If the tension in the cord is 2.5 times the
weight of the bob for the position shown, find the velocity
and the acceleration of the bob in that position.

30o
2.0m

ES 12 Lec 9 Kinematics of Particles (by F.P. Beer and E.R.

8
Johnston, Notes by J.W. Oler)
Force-Inertia Method
 1. FBD = EFD

WA
T

mAaAn
30o

A =
30o
mAaAt

Sample Problem 3
ES 12 Lec 9 Kinematics of Particles (by F.P. Beer and E.R.
9
Johnston, Notes by J.W. Oler)
Force-Inertia Method
 2. Set up the equilibrium equations

: 𝑇 − 𝑊𝐴 cos 30 = 𝑚𝐴 𝑎𝐴𝑛

: 0 − 𝑊𝐴 sin 30 = −𝑚𝐴 𝑎𝐴𝑡

From the given

𝑇 = 2.5𝑊𝐴
−𝑚𝐴 𝑔 sin 30 = −𝑚𝐴 𝑎𝐴𝑡 2.5𝑊𝐴 − 𝑊𝐴 cos 30 = 𝑚𝐴 𝑎𝐴𝑛
𝑎𝐴𝑡 = 𝑔 sin 30 2.5𝑚𝐴 𝑔 − 𝑚𝐴 𝑔 cos 30 = 𝑚𝐴 𝑎𝐴𝑛
𝑎𝐴𝑛 = 2.5𝑔 − 𝑔 cos 30
𝑣𝐴2
𝑎𝐴𝑛 = = 2.5𝑔 − 𝑔 cos 30
𝜌
𝑣𝐴 = 2(2.5 × 9.81 − 9.81 cos 30)
𝑜
𝑣𝐴 = 5.662 m/s 30

Sample Problem 3
ES 12 Lec 9 Kinematics of Particles (by F.P. Beer and E.R.
10
Johnston, Notes by J.W. Oler)
Force-Inertia Method
 𝑎𝐴𝑡 = 𝑔 sin 30
𝑎𝐴𝑡 = 4.905 𝑚/𝑠 2 30𝑜

𝑎𝐴𝑛 = 2.5𝑔 − 𝑔 cos 30

𝑎𝐴𝑛 = 16.029 𝑚/𝑠 2 60𝑜

𝑎𝐴 = 16.029 2 + 4.905 2
𝑎𝐴
𝑎𝐴 = 16.763 𝑚/𝑠 2
𝑎𝐴𝑛 = 16.029 𝑚/𝑠 2 4.905
𝜃 = tan−1
16.029
𝜃 = 17.015𝑜
𝜃
𝑎𝐴 = 16.763 𝑚/𝑠 2 𝛼 + 𝜃 = 60𝑜
𝛼 = 42.985𝑜
42.985𝑜
𝛼

𝑎𝐴𝑡 = 4.905 𝑚/𝑠 2 Sample Problem 3

ES 12 Lec 9 Kinematics of Particles (by F.P. Beer and E.R.
11
Johnston, Notes by J.W. Oler)
Force-Inertia Method
 Sample Problem 4
Boxes A and B are at rest on a conveyor belt that is initially
at rest. The belt is suddenly started in an upward direction
so that slipping occurs between the belt and the boxes.
Knowing that the coefficients of kinetic friction between the
belt and the boxes are 𝜇𝑘 𝐴 = 0.30 and 𝜇𝑘 𝐵 = 0.32 ,
determine the initial acceleration of each box.

ES 12 Lec 9 Kinematics of Particles (by F.P. Beer and E.R.

12
Johnston, Notes by J.W. Oler)
Force-Inertia Method
 1. FBD = EFD WA=100lb
NAB
15o
m A aA
15o
=

75o
𝝁kNA NA mA =
100 𝑙𝑏𝑓
= 3.10559 𝑙𝑏
32.2

80lb = WB m B aB
15o
=
15o
15o
80 𝑙𝑏𝑓
mB= = 2.48447 𝑙𝑏
NAB 𝝁kNB NB 32.2

Sample Problem 4
ES 12 Lec 9 Kinematics of Particles (by F.P. Beer and E.R.
13
Johnston, Notes by J.W. Oler)
Force-Inertia Method
 1. FBD = EFD WA=100lb
CASE 1: NAB
Blocks A and B will
separate. 15o
m A aA
15o
=

75o
𝝁kNA NA mA =
100 𝑙𝑏𝑓
= 3.10559 𝑙𝑏
Check: 32.2
aA should be less
than aB.

80lb = WB m B aB
15o
=
15o
15o
80 𝑙𝑏𝑓
mB= = 2.48447 𝑙𝑏
NAB 𝝁kNB NB 32.2

Sample Problem 4
ES 12 Lec 9 Kinematics of Particles (by F.P. Beer and E.R.
14
Johnston, Notes by J.W. Oler)
Force-Inertia Method
 2. Set up the equilibrium equations y y
x x
For block A:

: 𝑁𝐴 − 100 cos 15 = 0
𝑁𝐴 = 96.593 𝑙𝑏
y y
: −100 sin 15 + 𝜇𝑘𝐴 𝑁𝐴 = 3.10559𝑎𝐴
x x
−100 sin 15 + 0.30 96.593 = 3.10559𝑎𝐴
𝑎𝐴 = 0.9969 𝑓𝑡/𝑠 2

𝑎𝐴 = 0.9969 𝑓𝑡/𝑠 2 15𝑜

ES 12 Lec 9
Force-Inertia Method
Sample Problem 2
Kinematics of Particles (by F.P. Beer and E.R.
15
Johnston, Notes by J.W. Oler)
 2. Set up the equilibrium equations y y
x x
For block B:

: 𝑁𝐵 − 80 cos 15 = 0
𝑁𝐵 = 77.274 𝑙𝑏
y y
: −80 sin 15 + 𝜇𝑘𝐵 𝑁𝐵 = 2.48447𝑎𝐵
x x
−80 sin 30 + 0.32 77.274 = 2.48447𝑎𝐴
𝑎𝐵 = 1.619 𝑓𝑡/𝑠 2

𝑎𝐵 = 1.619 𝑓𝑡/𝑠 2 15𝑜

Since aA is less than aB, then 𝑎𝐴 = 0.9969 𝑓𝑡/𝑠 2 15𝑜

𝑎𝐵 = 1.619 𝑓𝑡/𝑠 2 15𝑜

ES 12 Lec 9
Force-Inertia Method
Sample Problem 4
Kinematics of Particles (by F.P. Beer and E.R.
16
Johnston, Notes by J.W. Oler)
 1. FBD = EFD WA=100lb
CASE 2: NAB
Blocks A and B will
remain in contact. 30o m A aA
aA is equal to aB =

60o
𝝁kNA NA mA =
100 𝑙𝑏𝑓
= 3.10559 𝑙𝑏
Check: 32.2
NAB is greater than
zero.

80lb = WB m B aB
30o
=
30o
60o
80 𝑙𝑏𝑓
mB= = 2.48447 𝑙𝑏
NAB 𝝁kNB NB 32.2

Sample Problem 4
ES 12 Lec 9 Kinematics of Particles (by F.P. Beer and E.R.
17
Johnston, Notes by J.W. Oler)
Force-Inertia Method
 2. Set up the equilibrium equations y y
x x
For block A:

: 𝑁𝐴 − 100 cos 15 = 0
𝑁𝐴 = 96.593 𝑙𝑏
y y
: −100 sin 15 + 𝜇𝑘𝐴 𝑁𝐴 − 𝑁𝐴𝐵 = 3.10559𝑎 x x
−100 sin 15 + 0.30 96.593 − 𝑁𝐴𝐵 = 3.10559𝑎

For block B:

: 𝑁𝐵 − 80 cos 15 = 0
𝑁𝐵 = 77.274 𝑙𝑏

: −80 sin 15 + 𝜇𝑘𝐵 𝑁𝐵 + 𝑁𝐴𝐵 = 3.10559𝑎

−80 sin 15 + 0.32 77.274 + 𝑁𝐴𝐵 = 2.48447𝑎

ES 12 Lec 9
Force-Inertia Method
Sample Problem 4
Kinematics of Particles (by F.P. Beer and E.R.
18
Johnston, Notes by J.W. Oler)
 2. Set up the equilibrium equations y y
x x
−100 sin 15 + 0.30 96.593 − 𝑁𝐴𝐵 = 3.10559𝑎
−80 sin 15 + 0.32 77.274 + 𝑁𝐴𝐵 = 2.48447𝑎

3.10559𝑎 + 𝑁𝐴𝐵 = 3.09587

y y
2.48447𝑎 − 𝑁𝐴𝐵 = 4.02218 x x

𝑎 = 1.27334 𝑓𝑡/𝑠 2
𝑁𝐴𝐵 = −0.8586 𝑙𝑏

CASE 2:
Blocks A and B will
remain in contact.
INVALID ASSUMPTION

ES 12 Lec 9
Force-Inertia Method
Sample Problem 4
Kinematics of Particles (by F.P. Beer and E.R.
19
Johnston, Notes by J.W. Oler)