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Power Point Presentation On The Construction of Tunnels PDF
Power Point Presentation On The Construction of Tunnels PDF
(CONSTRUCTION ENGINEERING)
August, 2011
INTRODUCTION
DEFINITIONS
A Road Tunnel is defined as
enclosed roadways with
vehicle access that is
restricted to portals
regardless of type of the
structure or method of
construction1.
USES
Tunnels are used for highway
traffic, railroads, and subways;
to transport water, sewage, oil,
and gas; to divert rivers around
dam sites while the dam is
Plate 1: 50 km Channel Tunnel between UK and France
being built; and for military and under Construction.
civil-defense purposes. Source: Pierre Jean Pompee, Channel Tunnel Construction
MAJOR TUNNELS OF THE WORLD
NAME OF TUNNEL LOCATION LENGTH OF USE OF TUNNEL
TUNNEL
Laerdal Tunnel Norway 24.5 km Vehicular
ALLOWABLE INFILTRATION
Tunnels ≤ 0.002gal/sq. ft/day
Underground Public Space ≤ 0.001gal/sq. ft/day
Schematic Representation
Tunnel Construction
Preparation of
Driving Shaft
Jacking Pipes
Using Hydraulic Jacks
23
Tunnel Construction
Guidance and Positioning Using
Laser-Guided Steering System
Screen Capture 24
Tunnel Construction
Extraction of MTBM
25
MTBM - Shields of Different Sizes
26
MTBM - Different Shapes of Cutting Heads
31
Construction Sequence
32
Shield Tunneling (TBM)
Advantages:
• Suitability for almost all types of soil.
• Suitability for wide tunnels (highway, railway, etc.).
• Large depths ( > 10 m), with unlimited lengths of
drive.
• Reducing environmental disturbance and utilities
diversions.
Disadvantages:
• Sophisticated equipment and highly skilled labor.
• Inability to make rapid changes in line or level.
• Very expensive corrective actions, if required.
• Difficult structural and geotechnical analyses reqd.
33
(d) NATM
Construction
Sequence
34
New Austrian Tunneling Method
Advantages:
• Best alternative for non-circular roadway tunnels.
• Suitability for almost all stable to strong ground
types, including rock.
• Suitability for a variety of soil conditions.
• Small thickness of tunnel lining, reducing the
amount of excavation.
• Economy and speed of construction.
Disadvantages:
• Highly skilled workers and expert engineers.
• Safety measures for shotcrete application.
• Ground water freezing and/or soil strengthening
(in case of water-bearing cohesion-less soil). 35
(e) Immersed-Tube Tunneling System
36
(e) Immersed-Tube Tunneling System
Construction Sequence:
1. Dredging the trench in river or sea bottom.
2. Prefabrication of tunnel sections, and sealing ends
with bulkheads.
3. Floating the sections to the tunnel trench.
4. Lowering the sections to seabed.
5. Joining the sections together underwater.
6. Removing the temporary bulkheads.
7. Backfilling the trench.
37
Immersed-Tube Tunneling System
Advantages:
• Economy (most economical alternative for any type
of underwater tunnel crossing).
• High construction rates (particularly for steel tube
tunnels).
• Wide variety of different conditions.
Disadvantages:
• Casting basin (for concrete box tunnels).
• Highly skilled and experienced workers.
• Safety measures for underwater construction.
38
Other Necessary Features
• Lighting
• Aeration and Ventilation
References
• American Association of State Highway & Transportation
Officials Technical Committee for Tunnels (T – 20).
• Taylor and Francis Group, Handbook of Highway Engineering,
2006.
• Design Highway Manual, Federal Republic of Nigeria, 2006
• Jean Pierre Pompee, Channels Tunnel Construction.
Thank you