What is SPICE? Where was it developed?

The full form of SPICE is Simulation program with integrated circuit emphasis. This is the
widely used analog simulator, which was developed at electronics research lab of California
University

Explain the day-to-day responsibilities of Aerospace engineering

Each job profile even in aerospace industry differs from others. Mainly in aerospace, there
are two branches or field. One is aeronautical and other is astronautical engineering.

How important are Aeronautical Engineers to todays society?

Aeronautical Engineers the aircraft people use for business and holidaying would not be in
the sky, it cannot be contested that society depends heavily on travel via aircraft.

Aeronautical Engineer will provide the solution to increase overall aircraft efficiency,
thereby helping to drive down the levels of emissions current aircraft produce.

Aeronautical Engineers also help put the satellites in to space, the satellites we rely on for
weather information, geospatial-mapping data, environmental monitoring,
telecommunications, and research. Therefore, in answer to the question I feel aerospace
engineering plays a major role in society, producing and developing a lot of the technology
we rely on heavily.

What interests and abilities would help some one as an Aerospace engineer?

Successful aerospace engineers need lots of curiosity, problem-solving skills, organizational

skills, written and oral communication skills, people skills (as in leading and participating
in teams) and computer skills. There are no physical requirements; in fact, we have many
engineers with disabilities and it is not an issue for their job performance

What are the disadvantages of being in aerospace industry?

The biggest disadvantage is that it is a relatively small field, and the number of companies
in the field is getting smaller (lots of mergers between big companies in the news lately).
In addition, this used to be a field where America had 90% of the market, but now foreign
companies are catching up; this means that American companies are streamlining their
organizations in order to be competitive.

What operational benefits do hydraulic actuator/rate controls have over gas charged
units?

Hydraulic units are much better suited to the extreme temperature requirements of
aviation applications because they maintain a more constant performance over a wide
temperature range. For example, gas charged airstair deployment dampers can become
too weak in cold temperatures, causing the airstair to slam down into the deployed
position. Conversely, they will become overcharged in very hot conditions, causing the
door to hover short of the fully deployed position. A hydraulic unit will perform smoothly in
both temperature conditions.

Are your products classified as hazardous material?

No, Enidine products are not classified as hazardous under IATA shipping regulations,
unlike gas charged actuators, which are considered high-pressure vessels. Using Enidine
actuator/rate controls avoids the headaches and expense of hazmat handling, shipping,
storage and disposal!

How do I decide which is the best technology to solve my vibration isolation problem?

One of Enidine?s core strengths lies in our engineers? ability to choose from an unmatched
array of technologies to solve your vibration isolation problems. Instead of steering you
toward a single technology every time, like some other companies, Enidine can apply
elastomerics, wire rope, wire mesh, or hydraulic technologies ? or a combination of them ?
to best fit your application.My aircraft seat is not reclining properly. Are there any checks I
can perform to identify the problem, before I remove the recline lock for warranty
evaluation?

* Make sure the control cable end is firmly attached to the actuation end of the seat lock.
A loose cable is often the culprit on a seat that will not recline. Next, make sure the cable
end is adjusted on the lock end properly, so there is a minimal gap (.03 to .05 inch)
between the cable end and lock valve stem. It is important that there be a gap, but not
too large a gap. If there is no gap, the lock may be partially actuated and recline without
pressing the cable button, but if the gap is too large, the lock may only partially actuated,
or not at all.

* If the attachment and adjustment of the lock end of the cable seems in order, test the ?
throw? of the cable. While looking at the attached cable end, press the cable button to see
how much stroke occurs. If the stroke is not sufficient to completely depress the lock valve
stem, you may have too large a gap at the cable-lock interface, or there may be a problem
somewhere else in the cable. Two known problems could be worn out cable conduit
(usually at a bend), or a broken button assembly.
*
*
* If you feel the seat is ?spongy?, or reclines slightly without actuation, you can test to
see if the lock is the cause. You must remove the seat cushion so that the lock is plainly
visible, and disconnect the cable completely from the lock valve stem. While looking at the
lock, push against the headrest from the front (attempting to recline the seat). If the lock
does not compress more than a sixteenth of an inch, yet the seatback still feels spongy,
the lock is not the cause. With closer inspection, you may see some play in the seat
linkages, flexibility of the seat frame itself, or worn lock attachment hardware. These are
common causes of seat sponginess, which are sometimes incorrectly blamed on the seat
recline lock.

What is isolation efficiency?

Isolation efficiency is the percent of vibration force or motion that is not transmitted
through the vibration mount.
What is G?

G is the value of acceleration produced by the force of gravity

What is noise?

Noise is vibration of air. Vibrations of the air typically have a frequency and an intensity
(loudness) level. Noise is what you hear with your ear.

How can noise be reduced? In order to be able to reduce disturbing noise levels, it is very
important to identify two key elements. The first element is the source of the noise. The
second is the frequency of the noise. Typically a vibration mount designed in accordance
with vibration.

What is excitation frequency?

Defined as the number of oscillations per unit time that an external force or displacement
is applied to a system, can also be referred to as 'forcing frequency'. Typically measured in
Hz (cycles per second).

What is natural frequency?

Is the frequency at which oscillating system will vibrate if displaced from its equilibrium
position and allowed to vibrate freely. Often described as Fn and measured in Hz(cycles
per second).

What is resonance? When the frequency of excitation is equal to the natural frequency of a
system, resonance occurs. When this happens there is amplification of the vibration input
to the system and this can only be limited by the damping in the isolation system.

What is fragility? Describes the amount of shock or vibration that a particular piece of
equipment can withstand. Isolation systems are often designed to limiit the transmission
of forces to the fragility level of the isolated equipment.

What is damping? Describes the dissipation of energy with time or displacement. There are
many common types of damping; viscous damping (orifice in a hydraulic shock absorber),
hysteretic damping (occurs in an elastomeric isolator), and coulomb damping (as in a wire
rope isolator).

What is critical damping? Critical damping is the smallest amount of damping required to
return a system to its equilibrium position without oscillation.

What is the job outlook for the near futureThe job outlook for Aerospace Engineers at the
moment, does not look good. Many aerospace companies have been experiencing high
profits, in part by laying off engineers and other workers. The proposed decreasing of the
defense budget could cause even more layoffs. Out of an estimated 54,000 aerospace
engineers, currently NASA and the Department of Defense employ 1 out of 7 Aerospace
Engineers. With the proposed cutbacks, many of these workers may be layed off.
About 70% of the jobs are created by retiring personnel, or personnel who have transferred
to other occupations. This is where the majority of new aerospace jobs will come from.

Job growth in this field is also limited by the increasing number of aerospace
manufacturing jobs being filled by mechanical, chemical, and electrical engineers.

The silver lining is that the civilian aircraft manufacturing is rising. While domestic
commercial jets will face increasing competition from Airbus, this part of the aerospace
industry is expected to increase. The job growth projection until the year 2005 is expected
to be below industry average.

What sort of skills do you need for a job in the aerospace industry? The skills vary
according to the position you are seeking, but generally a vocational degree or higher is
required. Being comfortable with computer technology is a must.

You are about to take off the plane in few seconds and a catastrophic engine fails, and
your captain tells you not to take off and just stay in the center line. What would you do?
Once the take off procedure has started, it is no longer safe to stop the plane from take
off. Instead, it is better to continue with the take off and its best handled in the air. All
certified aircraft under 25 can run without an engine and there is no problem related to it
for take off or to for plane landing. It is actually far better idea to handle the problem in
the air than to face the situation on the runway, when plane engine is in high speed.

Can you miss the clearance limit and loose the commands from the Air Craft Officer? Yes,
there is a policy and procedure to be followed for the missing clearance limit problem, so a
Pilot can leave and reach a different altitude for sometime within the limit and should
come back to the proper clearance limit once things are in control. This time limit is only
as per the procedure in the manual.

How would you handle the extreme pressure during emergency if you know that plane is
not safe and it might crash anytime? Few professions demand you to be selfless, and our
respective clients would be the most important thing, that is why customer service differs
completely in such fields compared to other streams. For example, Doctors, Lawyers,
Pilots?these are the professions where employee saving your customer is the up most
important thing. Therefore, as a Pilot we should understand our duties and responsibilities
and will ensure that whatever panic situation we could be in, we will continue to deliver
our duties until the end and ensure passengers are safe all times. Simultaneously I will
own the full responsibility of landing the Air Craft safe and in the steady position.

How important is to get the passengers switch off the mobile phones and laptops during
land off. What could be the consequences? It is very important to check if laptop and
mobile phones are switched off or not, as the consequences can be, bad?.because
interference of aircraft communication devices and electronic devices interfere with each
other and there could be chances of not proper landing. Therefore, it is highly
recommended electronic and communication devices should be switched off during take off
and landing.
How many types of emergency landings are there and explain? There are three types of
emergency landings like:

* Forced landing: This is a situation where Air Craft engine fails and Pilot is forced to land
the plane in the nearest airport.

* Precautionary landing: This is used when Pilot faces a problem due to severe weather
conditions, or being lost in the air space traffic or due to lack of fuel or expecting an
engine trouble.

* Ditching: This is when where Pilot cannot avoid this situation but to just land on water,
which is safer than air bound.

What is damping factor? A dimensionless ratio, which defines the amount of damping in a
system. Commonly defined as C/Cr.

What is coulomb damping? The system is said to have coulomb or dry friction damping if
the damping force in a vibratory system is constant and independent of position or velocity
of the system

What is loss factor? Loss factor is the measure of the damping value in an elastomer.