assertive

adjective UK /əˈsɜː.tɪv/ US /əˈsɝː.t̬ɪv/

C2 Someone who is assertive behaves confidently and is not frightened to say what
they want or believe:
If you really want the promotion, you'll have to be more assertive.

cessation
noun [ C or U ] UK /sesˈeɪ.ʃən/ US /sesˈeɪ.ʃən/ formal

ending or stopping:
Religious leaders have called for a total cessation of the bombing campaign.

proficiency
noun [ U ] UK /prəˈfɪʃənsi/ US

great skill, ability, and experience:

proficiency in sth Candidates must be able to demonstrate a high level of
proficiency in both languages.
academic/technical proficiency

anxiety
noun UK /æŋˈzaɪ.ə.ti/ US /æŋˈzaɪ.ə.t̬i/
anxiety noun (WORRY)

B2 [ U ] an uncomfortable feeling of nervousness or worry about something that is

happening or might happen in the future:
Children normally feel a lot of anxiety about their first day at school.
That explains his anxiety over his health.
Her son is a source of considerable anxiety.
[ C ] something that causes a feeling of fear and worry:
job anxieties

comprehension
noun UK /ˌkɒm.prɪˈhen.ʃən/ US /ˌkɑːm.prəˈhen.ʃən/

[ U ] the ability to understand completely and be familiar with a situation, facts,

etc.:
He has no comprehension of the size of the problem.
How she manages to fit so much into a working day is beyond my comprehension
(= I cannot understand it).

efficacy
noun [ U ] UK /ˈef.ɪ.kə.si/ US /ˈef.ə.kə.si/ formal

the ability, especially of a medicine or a method of achieving something, to produce

the intended result:
They recently ran a series of tests to measure the efficacy of the drug.
Synonym
Thesaurus: synonyms and related words

Efficient and effective

cognitive
adjective [ before noun ] UK /ˈkɒɡ.nə.tɪv/ US /ˈkɑːɡ.nə.t̬ɪv/ specialized

connected with thinking or conscious mental processes:

Some of her cognitive functions have been impaired.
cognitive behaviour/development
cognitive psychology

psychology
noun [ U ] UK /saɪˈkɒl.ə.dʒi/ US /saɪˈkɑː.lə.dʒi/

B2 the scientific study of the way the human mind works and how it influences
behaviour, or the influence of a particular person's character on their behaviour :
She studied psychology at Harvard.
a lecturer in psychology
child psychology
the psychology of the soldier
Compare
psychiatry
More examples

She studied behavioural psychology at college.

cognitive psychology

affective
adjective UK /əˈfek.tɪv/ US /əˈfek.tɪv/ specialized

connected with the emotions:

He has no affective ties to his family.
Thesaurus: synonyms and related words

Expressing and showing feelings

context
noun [ C ] UK /ˈkɒn.tekst/ US /ˈkɑːn.tekst/
context noun [ C ] (CAUSE OF EVENT)

B2 the situation within which something exists or happens, and that can help
explain it:
It is important to see all the fighting and bloodshed in his plays in historical
context.
This small battle is very important in the context of Scottish history.

In language learning, passive skills consist of listening and reading, as opposed to

the active skills of speaking and writing. It’s, basically, those skills where you don’t
need to form sentences yourself. Instead, your work consists of trying to make
sense of what’s said or written down.

decipher
verb [ T ] UK /dɪˈsaɪ.fər/ US /dɪˈsaɪ.fɚ/

to discover the meaning of something written badly or in a difficult or hidden way:

Can you decipher the writing on this envelope?

A discourse marker is a word or phrase that plays a role in managing the flow and
structure of discourse.
We use them to connect, organise and manage what we say or write or to express
attitude
discourse
noun UK /ˈdɪs.kɔːs/ US /ˈdɪs.kɔːrs/ formal

[ U ] communication in speech or writing

[ C ] a speech or piece of writing about a particular, usually serious, subject:

a discourse on/upon the nature of life after death
Thesaurus: synonyms and related words

Informal talking & conversation

language in conversation and broader social situations. = pragmatic means the

aspect of language which relates to social situation

Prior knowledge is the knowledge the learner already has before they meet new
information. A learner's understanding of a text can be improved by activating
their prior knowledge before dealing with the text, and developing this habit is
good learner training for them.

Metacognition: awareness or analysis of one's own learning or thinking processes

Pragmatic knowledge is how individuals communicate meaning and how they

produce contextually appropriate language. Pragmatic knowledge includes
sociolinguistic and functional knowledge.

pragmatic competence is the ability to use language effectively in a contextually

appropriate fashion.

Syntactic knowledge involves the way that words are assembled and sentences are
constructed in a particular language,

Grammar is a set of rules to form the words to phrase, phrase to sentence

knowledge to construct sentence = SYNTAX

syn·tax
ˈsinˌtaks/
noun
noun: syntax

the arrangement of words and phrases to create well-formed sentences in a

language.
"the syntax of English"
a set of rules for or an analysis of this.
plural noun: syntaxes
"generative syntax"
the branch of linguistics that deals with this.
Prior knowledge is the knowledge the learner already has before they meet new
information. schemata

Discourse is a conceptual generalization of conversation within each modality and

context of communication.

Comprehensible input is language input that can be understood by listeners despite

them not understanding all the words and structures in it.