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Motor Volvo PDF
v-act ™
The Volvo Way to High Performance and
Reduced Emission Levels
Volvo diesel engines in Volvo construction equipment
The Volvo Way
powerful and RELIABLE
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New Generation heavy-duty
Volvo Engines with V-ACT
One of the world’s most modern and efficient diesel engines, the
12-litre Volvo D12 was the platform for the development of Volvo’s
new heavy-duty engines. The basic D12 engine design was intro-
duced by Volvo in 1993 and was a revolution in the diesel engine
world. Today all Volvo heavy-duty engines – 9, 12 and 16 litres
– share the same world-leading basic engine design concept.
The secret of good design is simplicity. Our new Volvo diesel
engines meet the latest emissions legislation without requiring any
major changes to the base engine. Much of the development effort
has focused on precise control of the combustion process. Volvo’s
new advanced combustion technology, V-ACT, with internal exhaust
gas recirculation function, I-EGR, brings benefits to users as well as
the environment.
With the new off-road engine generation featuring V-ACT, Volvo
continues to be one of the world leaders in diesel engine design
and emissions control.
Cleaner emissions:
EGR The Volvo Way, I-EGR
By returning a controlled amount of the exhaust gases to the combustion
process, peak combustion temperatures are lowered. This in turn reduces
the formation of NOx. This technology is commonly known as EGR –
Exhaust Gas Recirculation.
V-ACT provides an uncomplicated, efficient solution
for internal recirculation of exhaust gases, I-EGR.
In the heavy-duty off-road Volvo D12D and D9B
engines, the exhaust rocker arm is fitted with a
patented, switchable ‘double rocker’ device
that allows for a small second opening of the
exhaust valve, whereby a controlled amount
of exhaust gas is fed back into the cylinder
during the inlet stroke. This is possible thanks to Exhaust rocker arm fitted with a
the pressure pulses in the exhaust being higher patented, switchable ‘double rocker’
than the in-cylinder pressure during part of the device for Internal Gas Recirculation,
I-EGR (Volvo D12D).
combustion process. The switchable I-EGR
system is electronically controlled by the engine
management system (EMS 2) based on machine
and engine operating conditions.
The engine’s own oil pressure system is used
in an intelligent way to actuate the rocker arm
device. A
The I-EGR is activated at high engine speeds
and loads. At low engine speeds, the I-EGR is Exhaust valve motion
not required and is therefore switched off, en-
Inlet valve motion
hancing engine response and performance.
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D16E – the most powerful
Volvo diesel engine
The top-of-the range Volvo D16E six cylinder 16.1 litre diesel engine has
tremendous power and impressive torque. The D16E features unique air
handling technology including a switchable I-EGR system that incorporates
a further development of the ‘double rocker’ valve actuation device. In the
D16E, the I-EGR function is performed by a Volvo patented extra rocker
arm, fitted in parallel to the exhaust rocker arm. When needed – at high
engine speeds and loads – this device creates during the inlet stroke,
a second exhaust valve lift that allows a controlled amount of exhaust gas
to return to the cylinder, resulting in reduced formation of NOx.
The enhanced electronic controller with its unique software for each
application controls the electro-hydraulically actuated exhaust valve yoke
movements for optimum I-EGR and engine performance.
Valve mechanism
with extra rocker
arm for I-EGR
actuation, (D16E).
A new generation of
electronically controlled
high-pressure unit
injectors for precise
fuel injection timing,
injection pressure
control and fuel quantity
delivery for each com Section of engine timing
bustion sequence. mechanism, (D16E).
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LARGEST In the World
Volvo is the world’s largest manufacturer of heavy-duty diesel engines in the 9 to
18-litre category. The Volvo D12 is the world’s most manufactured 12-litre engine.
In 2005, our annual production of heavy-duty engines exceeded 180,000 units.
All told in 2005, 246,000 Volvo diesel engines were manufactured. Volvo possesses some
of the most advanced engine research and test centres in the world. Manufacturing and
assembly are carried out at high-tech, highly automated diesel engine plants in Skövde,
Sweden; Cologne, Germany; Lyon, France; Curitiba, Brazil and Hagerstown, MD USA.
The diesel engines used in Volvo construction machines design capability based on cutting-edge technology that
cover a wide range from 1 to 16 litres in displacement. is now applied in the new generation Volvo diesel engines
Each one is a state-of-the-art engine tailored specifically for off-road applications.
for our various construction machines. Volvo diesel en- Volvo diesel engines give you outstanding performance,
gines are built on decades of experience and on the use competitive fuel consumption and low emissions. They
of advanced technology. Volvo Advanced Combustion are designed and precision-built to meet your high demands
Technology, V-ACT, is yet another example of our engine concerning reliability, durability and operating economy.
Drives the Technology Even Further
Volvo diesel engines share a number of high-technology design
features that provide several state-of-the-art solutions of benefit to
you in a variety of respects. You get outstanding engine response,
superior performance, unmatched reliability, low emissions, low
fuel consumption and long service life. This is a result of decades
of evolutionary product development including the blend of tradi-
tional and proven engine technology with the successive introduc-
tion of new technology, materials and production methods.
A POWERFUL rangE
Volvo D6E
Volvo D9B
Volvo D12D
Volvo D1.2 Volvo D1.6 Volvo D3.1 Volvo D3.4 Volvo D3D Volvo D4D
3 cyl., 1.12 litres 3 cyl., 1.64 litres 4 cyl., 3.05 litres 4 cyl., 3.32 litres 4 cyl., 3.11 litres 4 cyl., 4.04 liters
Rated output Rated output Rated output Rated output Rated output range Rated output range
13 kW (18 hp) 20 kW (27 hp) 38 kW (52 hp) 42 kW (57 hp) 41 - 57 kW 64 - 75 kW
(56 - 78 hp) (87 - 102 hp)
Volvo D16E
Volvo D5D Volvo D6E Volvo D7E Volvo D9B Volvo D12D Volvo D16e
4 cyl., 4.8 litres 6 cyl., 5.7 litres 6 cyl., 7.2 litres 6 cyl., 9.4 litres 6 cyl., 12.1 litres 6 cyl., 16.1 litres
Rated output range Rated output range Rated output range Rated output range Rated output range Rated output range
71 - 92 kW 90 - 122 kW 138 - 184 kW 199 - 252 kW 198 - 313 kW 346 - 397 kW
(97 - 125 hp) (122 - 166 hp) (188 - 250 hp) (271 - 343 hp) (269 - 426 hp) (471 - 540 hp)
struction machines. All Volvo engines have excellent High power and torque
Torque
power and torque characteristics with high torque across for acceleration and
a wide engine speed range – including at low engine high average speed
and for operation
speeds – and with peak torque at modest engine speeds. with full load in poor
As one of just a few manufacturers of both engines and underfoot conditions
equipment, we enjoy the benefits of a completely inte- and on gradients.
grated organization. We can thereby create an optimized
match between engine, machine systems and operator
controls. The result is the highest possible fuel efficiency
and productivity, while at the same time meeting emis-
sions requirements.
Power
Main benefits:
Torque
• Power when and where needed. Fast response to
• Torque as needed, with peak torque at low to changes in engine
load – essential
modest engine speeds.
for achieving high
• Ample torque rise as required by application. performance, for
• Smooth, direct throttle response for optimum instance during tough
operability and maximum operator satisfaction. trenching tasks and Power
in mass excavation
• Low fuel consumption.
operations.
• Low exhaust emission levels.
Torque
• Low noise levels.
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The volvo medium-size six-cylinder
diesel engines with v-act
Volvo Advanced Combustion Technology, V-ACT, is also
a major feature of the new generation of Tier 3/Stage
IIIA-compliant Volvo medium-size engines.
The new engines are 6 and 7 litre, electronically
controlled, six-cylinder in-line diesel engines, spe-
cially adapted for Volvo construction equipment.
Among the basic features are turbo charging,
air-to-air intercooling, direct injection, single
cylinder head and replaceable cylinder liners,
valve guides and seats. An oil cooler is an
integral design feature as well as oil spray
piston cooling for controlled operating
temperatures and enhanced service life.
The new Volvo D6E and D7E diesel
engine models feature a Common Rail
fuel system and Internal Exhaust Gas
Recirculation, I-EGR.
The new 4 and 5 liter Volvo diesel engines
are based on their 6 and 7 liter counterparts, but
feature less sophisticated fuel- and EGR systems.
Electronically controlled
Common Rail injector.
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Common Rail Fuel System Internal Exhaust Gas Recirculation, I-EGR
Rail pressure and timing (start and duration) of fuel injection in each Via the solenoid valve, the E-ECU activates the I-EGR system.
cylinder are electronically controlled. Upon activation, the solenoid opens the channel from the
engine’s lubrication oil gallery, pressurizing the I-EGR system.
A master piston connected to the intake rocker generates, at the
end of the inlet stroke, the higher pressure necessary to actuate
E-ECU the exhaust rocker for a small second opening of the exhaust
valve. Via the slave piston, the control valve hydro-mechanically
Injector controls the actuation of the exhaust rocker.
A fully ‘in-engine’ solution – no external channels or pipes are
needed.
Rail pressure
sensor
2-way solenoid valve
Rail PRV
Slave piston
Oil Supply
High pressure pumps High-pressure circuit
From tank
Master piston
FCV
Fuel pump Main filter Low-pressure circuit
Control valve
Return to tank
PRV= Pressure relief valve
FCV= Fuel control valve
Exhaust rocker Intake rocker
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SINCE 1893, ALWAYS ONE STEP AHEAD
We build on 150 years of engine experience and on And since 1936 we have been a leader in the develop-
100 years of internal combustion engine development ment of diesel engines for every possible application.
and manufacture. V-ACT (Volvo Advanced Combustion The Volvo diesel engine family for Volvo construction
Technology) is the latest step in our development of the equipment currently consists of three-, four- and
modern diesel engine. Over the years we have devel- six-cylinder engines from 1 to16 litres with power
oped and manufactured steam engines, crude oil en- ranging from 13 to 397 kW (18 to 540 hp).
gines, gas engines and petrol engines.
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1952 1954 1978
The first diesel engines for construction equip- One of the world’s first turbo- Intercooler technology for higher per-
ment were introduced as 3- and 4-cylinder charged direct-injection heavy-duty formance, lower fuel consumption
direct injection engines with a displacement diesel engines was introduced. and cleaner emissions was put in
of 3.36-4.48 litres, producing 42.5-55 hp at a production. Volvo’s, and the world’s,
maximum of 1800 rpm. They were a success first truly low-emission engines for
from the start thanks to excellent torque charac- construction equipment were born.
teristics, low fuel consumption, reliability and –
as time proved – exceptionally long service life.
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Care for Generations to Come
Volvo Construction Equipment is one of the world’s leading manufacturers of construction equipment
and offers a broad range of products and comprehensive customer support that only a major supplier
such as Volvo can provide:
• 170 years of successful industrial and commercial activities and experience.
• More than 100 different models of wheel loaders, excavators, articulated haulers, motor graders,
backhoe loaders, compact loaders, compact excavators and skid-steer loaders.
• A company with a sales and service network that spans the globe.
We make great efforts to provide our products with the potential to function better, last longer and do
more work than other machines. In the cab of a Volvo machine, the operator has a better and more
efficient working environment that provides the highest standards of safety and comfort. At the same
time, and in line with our ‘care for the environment’ efforts, fuel and oil consumption, exhaust emissions
and noise levels are kept at a minimum.
We care all the way – from the start of your ownership of a Volvo machine, throughout your operations
and with an eye on the operator’s working conditions. In other words, our ambition is to always give you
more. In four simple words: More care. Built in.
All products are not available on all markets. Under our policy of continuous improvement, we reserve the right to change specifications
and designs without prior notice. The illustrations do not necessarily show the standard version of the machine.