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TOEFL 普林斯顿样题 2 语法笔记

编委：Maya

1. Helium is _____ all gases to liquefy and is impossible to solidify at normal air
pressure.
(A) more than difficult
(B) the most difficult of
(C) more difficult of
(D) most difficult
Key: B
分析：考点是形容词最高级，考察句型 the most +adj. +of A(A 中最…的一个),注意最高级
前面要加定冠词 the。
参考译文：氦气是所有气体中最难液化的，而且它在常压下是不可能固化的。

2. Every year Canadian ______ about 75 percent of their exports to the United States.
(A) businesses that sell
(B) selling businesses
(C) businesses sell
(D) that sell to businesses
Key: C
分析：考点是主谓结构（句子基本结构），分析句子结构，句子缺主语中心词和谓语。
参考译文：每一年加拿大的企业把它 75％的商品出口到美国。

3. An innovator, ballerina Augusta Maywood was ___ a traveling company.

(A) to form the first
(B) the first to form
(C) who formed the first
(D) forming the first
Key: B
分析：考点是序数词结构，sb. be + the +序数词+ to do 表示“某人是第几个做…的人”。
参考译文：作为一个芭蕾舞女演员,也是一个改革者，AM 第一个成立旅游公司的人。

4. When water freezes in the cracks of rocks, _____ expands, causing the rocks to
break apart.
a) it
b) but

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c) then
d) and
Key: A
分析：考点是主谓结构（句子基本结构），通过分析，句子缺少主语，选 A，用 it 指代
water。
参考译文：当水在岩石的裂缝里结冰时，它就膨胀，引起岩石分裂。

5. With x-ray microscopes scientists can see through live insects ___ even through solid
pieces of metal.
(A) however
(B) nevertheless
(C) or
(D) yet
Key: C
分析：考点是平行结构，考连接词。凡是由并列连词 and, but, or 等以及关联连词 both…
and, either…or, neither…nor, not only…but also 等连接的部分必须对等。
参考译文：通过 X 射线显微镜，科学家能够透视活的昆虫或者是金属的固体块。

6. Dennis Chavez of New Mexico _____ to the House of Representatives in 1930 and to
the Senate in 1938.
(A) when elected
(B) elected
(C) who was elected
(D) was elected
Key: D
分析：考点是主谓结构（句子基本结构），分析句子的结构发现，句子缺谓语。“某人被选
为…”中的动词 elect 要用被动语态。
参考译文：新墨西哥的 DC 在 1930 年被选为众议员，在 1938 年被选为参议员。

7. _______ are not leached out of soil, reclamation procedures are needed to restore
the land’s productivity.
(A) For concentration of salt
(B) Salt concentrations that
(C) If salt concentrations
(D) With concentrations of salt
Key: C
分析：考点是状语从句．逗号前后有两个分句，且前一个分句缺少主语，则空格处必须填
上前一个分句的主语，又因为第二个分句前没有连接词，则第一个分句的空格处必
须要有一个连接词。C 中 if 引导条件状语从句。
参考译文：假若盐的集结物没有从土壤中滤去的话，就需要进行土壤改良的步骤，恢复土
地的生产力。

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8. ______ social crusade aroused Elizabeth Williams’ enthusiasm more than the
expansion of educational facilities for immigrants to the United States.
(A) No
(B) Nothing
(C) Not
(D) None
Key: A
分析：考点是词语辨析，考察 not, no, none 的区别。
None 是“没有一人”的意思，相当于 no one, 要求一个单数动词和单数代词与之相
对应。用法是 none of 或者是 none + does/did
Not 是副词，
not a 用于名词前，表示“一个也不；没有”。
not 用于助动词、情态动词之后, 形成否定的句子。
not 还可以用于代替整个短句，如 Are you coming or not? 你来还是不来？
No 可以作形容词和副词。作形容词的时候用在名词或者是代词前，如 He is no
fool.
他很精明；作副词的时候用在形容词前，如 The sick man is no better.那病人一
点也没有好转。
参考译文：除了为到美国的移民扩展教育设施以外，没有其它的社会改革活动能够激起
EW 的激情。
注：crusade：十字军东侵; (宗教性的)圣战; [喻]讨伐; 改革运动
crusade in favor of birth control 节制生育运动

9. ______ as 2500 B.C., the Egyptians used mirrors made of highly polished metal.
(A) In early
(B) As early
(C) Early
(D) Was as early
Key: B
分析：考点是固定搭配，逗号后为完整的句子，逗号前出现的时间状语 2500 B.C 可推知
逗号前作时间状语。选 B，as early…as 表示“早在…的时候”
参考译文：早在公元前 2500 年，埃及人就使用高度擦亮的金属作镜子。

10. The quantum theory states ______, such as light, is given off and absorbed in tiny
definite units called quanta or photons.
(A) energy that
(B) that it is energy
(C) it is energy
(D) that energy
Key: D

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分析：考点是宾语从句，逗号前的分句有主语 theory，谓语 state,逗号后有谓语 is given

off and absorbed，显然空格处应填上逗号前分句的宾语和逗号的后分句的主语。这个任务
就由宾语从句来完成。
参考译文：量子理论认为 , 能源，如光，是在被称为量子或者是光子的极小的一定单元里
被释放和吸收的。

11. Quails typically have short rounded wings that enable _______ spring into full flight
instantly when disturbed in their hiding places.
(A) they
(B) to their
(C) its
(D) them to
Key: D
分析：考点是固定搭配，enable 是及物动词，用法是 enable sb./sth. to do sth
参考译文：北美鹑有着极具特色的短圆翅膀，能使它们在隐蔽的住所被打扰时，就立刻起
飞。

12. Geysers are found near rivers and lakes, where water drains through the soil ______.
(A) surface below the deep
(B) deep below the surface
(C) the deep below surface
(D) the deep surface below
Key: B
分析：考点是定语后置，句中空格应修饰其前的 soil，正确的是 B，B 定语后置修饰 soil，
它的完整形式是 which is deep below the surface.
参考译文：天然喷泉可以在河流或者是湖泊的附近找到， 那里水从低于土壤表面很多的地
方流出。

13. Algebra generalizes certain basic laws _____ the addition, subtraction, multiplication,
and division of all numbers.
(A) govern
(B) that govern
(C) have governed
(D) which they govern
Key: B
分析：空格前已经有句子的主语 Algebra，谓语 generalizes，宾语 laws，空格后又有名词
则空格处应填上定语从句的先行词和谓语来修饰 laws。
参考译文：代数总结了所有数字的加法，减法，乘法和除法的基本法则。

14. Even at low levels,______

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(A) the nervous system has produced detrimental effects by lead

(B) lead’s detrimental effects are producing the nervous system
(C) lead produces detrimental effects on the nervous system
(D) the detrimental effects produced by lead on the nervous system
Key: C
分析：考点是语序以及动词的语态，空格处是句子的主句，考点是主句主谓宾的顺序。
参考译文：甚至在很低的水平内，铅都能造成对神经系统的危害.

15. _____ a lonely and rugged life, far from home and family.
(A) However the early gold prospector often lived
(B) The early gold prospector often lived
(C) Not only did the early gold prospector often live
(D) The early gold prospector often living
Key: B
分析：考点是主谓结构（句子基本结构），分析句子可知，句子缺主语和谓语。注意 C 中
的 not only 应该和 but also 搭配用在一句话里面。
参考译文：早期的金矿开采者常常过着一种孤独的，艰难的生活，远离住所和家庭。

16. The culinary expert Fannie Farmer taught dietetics, kitchen management, and to
cook
A B C
at her famous Boston school.
D
Key: C
分析：考点是平行结构，and 前后名词并列。
改正：to cook  cooking
参参 参参 参 参 参参参 FF 参 参参参参参参参 参参参参参 参参参参参参参参参参 参参

17. The elephant relies more on its sense of smell than for any other sense.
A B C D
Key: B
参参参参参参参参参参参more…than 参参 参参参参参for 参参参参 参参参 参参参 on参
参参参for  on
参参参参参参参参参参参 参参参参参 参参参参参参参 参参

17. A few of the naturally elements exist in such small amounts that they are known
A B
mainly from laboratory-made samples.
C D
Key: A

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参参参参参参参 参参参参 参参 参参参

参参参naturally  natural
参参参参参参参参参参参参参参参参参参参参参 参参 参参参参参参参 参参参参参参 参参参

19. Some insects hear ultrasonic sounds more than two octaves than higher humans
can.
A B C D
Key: D
参参参参参参参 参参参参/¥than 参参参参参参参, 参参参 higher 参参.
more than + 参参 + 参参参 er 参参( + than + something / 参参)
参参参than higher  higher than
参参参参参参参参参参参参参参参 参参参参参参参参 参参参 参参参参参参参参参参

20. Because of its larger size, the United States House of Representatives is more
A B C
impersonal, hierarchical, and specialization than the Senate.
D
Key: D
参参参参参参 and 参 参参参参 参参参
参参参specialization  special
参参参参参参 参参参 参参参参参参 参参参参参参参参 参参参参 参参参 参参 参参参参 参参

21. To stay warm in cold weather cold-blooded animals must expose itself to a source of
A B C
warmth such as direct sunlight.
D
Key: B
参参参参参参参 参参参参参 参参参参参 参参参 animals
参参参itself  themselves
参参参参参参参 参参参参参参参参参参参参参参 参参参 参参参 参参参参参参 参参参参参参参参参参参

22. A severe illness where she was just nineteen months old deprived the well-known
A B C
writer and lecturer Helen Keller of both her sight and her hearing.
D
Key: A
参参参参参参 参参参 参参参参where 参 参参参 参参参参参参 参illness参参 参when 参参参参参参参参参illness 参参 参参 deprived 参 参参参
参参参where  when
参参参参参参 参19 参参参参 参参参 参参参参参参 参参参 参参参参参参参参参 参参参 参参参参参参

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23. Like all ecological systems, a forest is made up of a living environment and a
A
nonliving environment, the latter composed of air, rocks, soiled, and water.
B C D
Key: D
参参参参参参参参参参参
参参参soiled  soil
参参参参参参参参参参 参参 参参 参参参参参参参参参参 参参参参参参参 参参 参参参参参参参参参参参参参参参参参参

24. The purposeful of the elementary school is to introduce children to the skills,
A B
information, and attitudes necessary for a smooth adjustment to society.
C D
Key: A
参参参参参参 参参 参参参参参 参参参参参参 参,参参 of 参参参参参 参参
参参参purposeful  purpose
参参参参参参参参参参参参参 参参参 参参 参参参参 参参参参参参参参参参 参参参

25. Notorious as a host for wheat rust, the barberry bush has been banned from many
A B C
area.
D
Key: D
参参参参参参参参参参参many 参 参参参参参
参参参area  areas
参参参参参参 参参参参参参参参参参参参参参参参参 参参参参参参参参参参参

26. Christopher Plummer is a Canadian actor who has starred in stage, television and
film
A B C
productions on both sides the Atlantic Ocean.
D
Key: D
参参参参参参参 参参参参参参 of 参参参参参参参 参参参 参参参参参
参参参sides the  sides of the
参参参参参CP 参参参参参参参 参参参参参参 参参参参 参 参参参参参 参参参参参参参 参参

27. A microphone enables musical tones to be amplified, thus making it possible the
A B C

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gentle renditions of soft songs in large halls.

D
Key: C
参参参参参参参参参参参make 参参参 参参参参参参参参 make it +adj. + to do sth.,参参参 make sth + adj.参
参参参参参参参 sth 参 参参参参参参参 adj 参参参参 参参 参参参参参参参 参参参参 参参 参参参参参参参参参
参参参参参 it
参参参参参参参 参参参参 参参参参 参参参参参参参 参参参参参参参参参参参参参参参 参参参参

28. The poetry of e.e. cummings illustrates the way in which some poets bend
A B
grammatical rules as they strive to expression their insights.
C D
Key: D
参参参参参参参参参参参参strive to 参参参 参参参参参 参参参参参
参参参expression  express
参参参参参”e.e. cummings”参参 参参参 参参参 参参参参 参参参参 参参参参 参参 参参参参 参参 参参参

29. In the wild, tea plants become trees of approximately thirty feet in high.
A B C D
Key: D
参参参参参参参参 参参参 参参 参参参 参参参参参 参参 deep参depth参long参length参
参参参high  height
参参参参参参参参参参 参参参参参参 参参 30 参参参

30. Accounting is described as art of classifying, recording, and reporting significant

A B C
financial (events).
D
Key: A
参参参参参参参 参参参参art 参参参参参参参参参参参参参参参参参参
参参参as art  as an art
参参参参参参 参参 参参参参 参参 参参 参参参 参参参参参 参参参参参 参参参

31. The development of the watch depended upon the invent of the mainspring.
A B C D
Key: C
参参参参参参参参参参参参参参参of 参参参参参参参参
参参参invent  invention
参参参参参参参 参 参参参 参参 参参参 参参参

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32. The ordeal of the Cherokee Indians who were forcible moved from their homeland in
A B
the 1830’s is remembered as the “Trail of Tears.”
C D
Key: B
参参参参参参参参参参参参参参参参
参参参forcible  forcibly
参参参参参参 19 参 参 30 参参参参 参参参参参参参参 参参参参参参参参参参参 参参 参 “参参参参参 ”参(参
参参参参 参参参 参)

33. Physical fitness activities can lead to an alarming variety of injuries if participants
push
A B
themselves greatly hard.
C D
Key: D
参参参参参参参参参参参greatly 参参 参参参参参参参 参参参 参参参 He was greatly surprised. hard 参参参参参参
参参参 too 参 参参参参参参参参
参参参greatly  too/very
参参参参参参参参参参参 参参参参 参参 参参参 参参参参参参参参参 参参参参 参参参参参 参参参参参参参参

34. The structure but behavior of many protozoans are amazingly complex for
A B C
single-celled animals.
D
Key: A
参参参参参参参参参参参A not B 参参 A 参 B参
参参参but  not
参参参参参参参 参参参 参 参参参 参 , 参参参参 参参参 参参参参参 参参参参参 参参参 参参

35. Alaska’s rough climate and terrain divide the state into isolated regions, making
A B C
highway maintenance difficulty.
D
Key: D
参参参参参参参参参参参参参参参参make sth. difficult
参参参difficulty  difficult
参参参参参参参参参参 参参参参参参参参参 参参参参 参参参参参参参参参参参参参参参参 参参参参 参 参参参

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36. For hundreds of years, sailors relied on echoes to warn them of another ships,
A B C
icebergs or cliffs in foggy weather.
D
Key: C
参参参参参参 参参 参参参 another+参参参参参other+参参参参参
参参参another  other
参参参参参参参参参参参参 参参参参参参参参参 参参参参 参参参参参参参参参参参参参参参 参参参

37. Although he is employed in the scientific and technical fields, the metric system is not
A B C
generally utilized in the United States.
D
Key: A
参参参参参参参参参参参参参参参参参参参参参参 metric system , 参参参 it 参参
参参参he is  it is
参参参参参参参参参参 参参参参参参 参参参参参 参参参参参参参参参参 参参参参参参参参

38. Prototypical oboes did a loud, harsh tone, but the modern oboe is appreciated for its
A B C
smooth and beautiful tone.
D
Key: A
参参参参参参参参参参参made 参参“参参”参
参参参did made
参参参参参参参参参参参 参参参参参参参参参参参参参参 参参参参参参参参参 参参参参参参参参参参参

39. Beneath the deep oceans that cover two-thirds of the Earth, intriguing secret of the
A B C
planet are concealed.
D
Key: C
参参参参参参参参参参参参参参参参参参参参 are 参参 参参参参参参
参参参secret  secrets
参参参参参参参参参参参 参参参参参参参参参参参参参 参参参参参参参参参参 参参参参参参

40. The pioneer John Chapman received the “Johnny Appleseed” because he planted
A B
apple seedlings during him travels in what are now Ohio, Indiana, and Illinois.
C D

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Key: C
参参参参参参参参参参参参
参参参him  his
参参参参参参 参 JC 参参参“Johnny Appleseed”参参 参参参参参 参参参参参参参参参参参参参参参参参参参参参参参 参参参参参参参参参参

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