Report On Fiber Identification

By Sarmad Khan
TS-1A
Text-176
TO,
Sir Imran Raza Malik
Date: 25th of March 2015
COTTON:
Microscopic View:-
Longitudinal Structure & Cross Sectional Structure:-

Ribbon Like Kidney Shaped

Burn Test:-
Ignites on contact with flames; burns quickly and leaves
a yellowish
to orange afterglow when put out. Does not melt. It has
the odor of burning
paper, leaves, or wood. The residue is a fine, feathery,
gray ash.

Solubility Test:-
Soluble Insoluble

1)70% H2So4 (20 Mins) 1)80% formic acid

2)Cuprammonium 2)Xylene Boiling
Hydro oxide 3)Chlorine Bleach %5
4)Acetone 100%
5)HCl 20%
Silk:

Microscopic View:-
Longitudinal Structure & Cross Sectional Structure:-
Burn Test:-
Burns slowly, but does not melt. It shrinks from the
flame. It has the
odour of charred meat (some say like burned hair). The
residue is a black,
hollow irregular bead that can be easily to a gritty,
grayish-black ash powder.
It is self-extinguishing, i.e., it burns itself out.

Solubility Test:-
Soluble Insoluble

1)Chlorine Bleach %5 1) Acetone 100%

2)70% & 60% H2So4 2)Xylene Boiling
3) HCl 20% 3)meta cresol
4) Cuprammonium
 hydroxide
5)Molar Sodium
Hypochloride
Wool:
Microscopic View:-
Longitudinal Structure & Cross Sectional Structure:-

Burn Test:-
Burns with an orange sputtery color, but
does not melt. It shrinks from the flame. It has a strong
odor of burning hair
or feathers. The residue is a black, hollow irregular bead
that can be easily
crushed into a gritty black powder. It is self-
extinguishing, i.e., it burns itself out.
Solubility Test:-
Soluble Insoluble

1)Chlorine Bleach %5 1) Acetone 100%

2) Cold Meta cresol
2) Boiling NaOH 5% 3) 80% Formic acid
3)Molar Sodium 4) Acetone 100%
Hypochloride 5) HCl 20%

Linen:
Microscopic View:-
Longitudinal Structure & Cross Sectional Structure:-
 Bur
n
Test:-
Linen takes longer to ignite. The fabric closest to the ash
is very brittle. Linen is easily extinguished by blowing on
it as you would a candle.
Solubility Test:-
Soluble Insoluble

1)70% H2So4 1)Chlorine Bleach %5

2)Acetone 100%

3)Formic Acid 90%

4)HCl 20%

Rayon:
Microscopic View:-
Longitudinal Structure & Cross Sectional Structure:-
Burn Test:-
It is a regenerated cellulose fiber which is almost pure
cellulose. Rayon burns rapidly and leaves only a slight
ash. The burning smell is close to burning leaves
Solubility Test:-
Soluble Insoluble

1)70% n 60% H2So4 1)Chlorine Bleach %5

2)Acetone 100%

3)Formic Acid 90%

4)HCl 20%

Polyester:
Microscopic View:-
Longitudinal Structure & Cross Sectional Structure:-
Burn Test:-
Polyester melts and burns at the same time, the melting,
burning ash can bond quickly to any surface it drips on
including skin. The smoke from polyester is black with a
sweetish smell. The extinguished ash is hard.

Solubility Test:-
Soluble Insoluble

1) M-Cresol 1)Chlorine Bleach %5

2)Acetone 100%

3)Formic Acid 90%

4)HCl 20%

5)H2So4 60% n 70%

Nylon:
Microscopic View:-
Longitudinal Structure & Cross Sectional Structure:-

Burn Test:-
Nylon melts and then burns rapidly if the flame remains
on the melted fiber. If i can keep the flame on the
melting nylon, it smells like burning plastic.
Solubility Test:-
Soluble Insoluble

1)HCl 20% 1)Chlorine Bleach %5

2)H2So4 60% n 70% 2)Acetone 100%

3)Formic Acid 90%

Acrylic:
Microscopic View:-
Longitudinal Structure & Cross Sectional Structure:-
Burn Test:-
Acrylics burn readily due to the fiber content and the
lofty, air filled pockets. A match dropped on an acrylic
blanket can ignite the fabric which will burn rapidly
unless extinguished. The ash is hard. The smell is acrid or
harsh

Solubility Test:-
Soluble Insoluble

1) dimethyl formamide
1)Chlorine Bleach
 %5

2)Acetone 100%

3)Formic Acid 90%

4)HCl 20%

Acetate:
Microscopic View:-
Longitudinal Structure & Cross Sectional Structure:-

Burn Test:-
Acetate burns readily with a flickering flame that cannot
be easily extinguished. The burning cellulose drips and
leaves a hard ash. The smell is similar to burning wood

chips.

Solubility Test:-
Soluble Insoluble

1)Acetone 100% 1)HCl 20%

2)Formic Acid 90% 2)Chlorine Bleach %5

3)H2SO 70% n 60%

Acetic acid:
At 20 °C, glacial (100%) acetic acid dissolves acetates.

At 100 °C, glacial acetic acid dissolves acetates and

triacetates. Nylon dissolves, but very slowly.
Acetone:
At 20 °C, acetone dissolves acetates, triacetates,
modacrylics, and vinyons.

Hydrochloric acid:
At 20 °C, concentrated (12 M) hydrochloric acid dissolves
acetates, triacetates, saponified cellulose acetate (Fortisan),
nylon, and silk. Rayons dissolve slowly. Less concentrated
(6 M) hydrochloric acid dissolves nylon, but not the other
fibers listed.

Sodium hydroxide:
At 100 °C, a 5% solution of sodium hydroxide dissolves
nytrils, wool and other animal hair, and cultivated silk.
Acetates, triacetates, wild (Tussah) silk, and reconstituted
protein fibers dissolve only partially and very slowly.

At 100 °C, a 50% solution of sodium hydroxide dissolves all

of the above fibers readily, and slowly (30 to 60 minutes)
dissolves polyesters. Acrylics dissolve partially and very
slowly. Modacrylics and sarans (Enjay, Saran) melt but do
not dissolve.
Sulfuric acid:
At 20 °C, 60% sulfuric acid dissolves acetates, triacetates,
rayons (cuprammonium and viscose), silk, and nylon, but
not cotton, linen, or other cellulosic plant fibers. At 20 °C,
70% sulfuric acid dissolves all of the above fibers. The 70%
acid can be used to discriminate reconstituted cellulose
fibers from cotton and other natural cellulose fibers.

Zinc chloride:
At 45 °C, 75% zinc chloride solution dissolves acetates,
triacetates, acrylics, silk, cotton that has not been
mercerized, and rayons (cuprammonium and viscose).

In this lab session, we’ll attempt to dissolve fiber specimens

in various solvents and record our observations.