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Notes On The "Butcher and Cotter Convention" in Nonlinear Optics
Notes On The "Butcher and Cotter Convention" in Nonlinear Optics
is a real-valued quantity, it follows that negative frequencies in the complex notation should be
interpreted as the complex conjugate of the respective field component, or
E−ωk = E∗ωk .
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Nonlinear Optics 5A5513 (2003)
with nonzero components of interest for the xy-polarized beam given in Appendix 3.3 of Butcher
and Cotters book as
intr. perm. symm.
χ(3)
xxxx = χ (3)
yyyy , χ (3)
xxyy = χ (3)
yyxx = = χ(3) (3)
xyxy = χyxyx , χ(3) (3)
xyyx = χyxxy ,
(α, ω) ⇋ (β, ω)
with
χ(3) (3) (3) (3)
xxxx = χxxyy + χxyxy + χxyyx .
From this set of nonzero susceptibilities, and using the calculated value of the degeneracy factor in
the convention of Butcher and Cotter, we hence have the third order electric polarization density
(n)
at ωσ = ω given as P(n) (r, t) = Re[Pω exp(−iωt)], with
X
P(3)
ω = eµ (Pω(3) )µ
µ
= {Evaluate the sums over (x, y, z) for field polarized in the xy plane}
3 y x y x y y
= ε0 {ex [χ(3) x x x (3) y y x (3) (3)
xxxx Eω Eω E−ω + χxyyx Eω Eω E−ω + χxyxy Eω Eω E−ω + χxxyy Eω Eω E−ω ]
4
y y y x x y
+ ey [χ(3) (3) (3) x y x (3) y x x
yyyy Eω Eω E−ω + χyxxy Eω Eω E−ω + χyxyx Eω Eω E−ω + χyyxx Eω Eω E−ω ]}
For the optical field being linearly polarized, say in the x-direction, the expression for the polar-
ization density is significantly simplified, to yield
P(3) (3) x 2 x
ω = ε0 (3/4)ex χxxxx |Eω | Eω ,