A First Course in Differential Geometry (CHUAN-CHIHE HSIUNG Lehigh Unters JOHN WILEY & SONS, New York + Chichester « Besbane « Toroato‘Tomy wile Wencin Yu Cory © 18 by da Wy & Son ne ‘ih send: Pale ean in Canad eodscn o aton tay par wrk ‘Sonn pre ty Scan of 1 a he "9h Unt Sa Cope ct wits pera siScenre ee al eg ‘Seeman Deparment oe Wy Sn se er of Come Cai Picen Dae: {Painted maori) shar Geol, Deen Te guanine eae maPreface According to 4 definition sated by Felix Klein in 1872, we can ise [ometni aatormation rp to classy geometry. The study of proper tes of geometric figures (curve, surfaces, etc) that are invariant under a {Gren geometric transformation roup 0 is called the geometry belonging {0 6. For isance if G i the projective, allie, or Euebdean group. we Inve the soresponding pjectve, afer Euclidean geomety “Te differential geometry of «geometric igure Fbelonpng to Boop G fs the study of the invariant properties of Funder G ia seghborhood ‘haan clement of F lm particular, the diferetal geometry of a curve & Concerted wit the invanant properties of the curve in a neighborhood ot ‘Se of te points, In annie geometry the angeat of «curve a pnt ‘Ghsiomarty defined o be the limit ofthe secant though tis pint and a tehbonog point on the cuve as the second poi approaches he fist ong te cave. Ts definition ilstates the nature of ciffereal geome fey in thal it requires a kaowiedge of the curve ony ina neighborhood ‘ofthe pont and involves limiting proces (a property of ths kind s said to be loca, These featuces of cifferenal geometry sbow why it uses the ferential caleuls 2 extensively, On the oder hand. local properties of romette figures may be contrasted wih global properties, which require Knowledge of entire figures. "The creas of iferental geometry go back to the exly days of tbe diferenal eaeles, when one ofthe fandamental problems was the Acteminaton of the tanget to curve, With the development of te ‘cui, additonal geometne appeations were obtained. The ponspal ontiboors in this early penod were Leoahard Euler (1707-178) Gaspard Monge (1745-1818), Joep Losi Lagrange (1736-1813). and ‘Aagustin Cauchy (1799-1857) A decisive step forward was tke by Ka Phedach Gause (1777-1855) wth his development ofthe nine geome. tty ona rorfaceThs ea of Gast was generalized t n> cimessona Space by Berard Riemann (1825-1868), thus Binge fo the eorey that bears his name “Tis books degre o introduce diffrenal geometry to beginning spaduave eadets as well advanced undergradoate stent (his e0-