Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Brief Report-2
Brief Report-2
Group 3
03/09/2018
SUNY Fredonia
EDU 224-02
Group 3
Peer Groups and Drinking/Risky Behavior
How do peer groups influence adolescent
drinking behavior or risky behavior?
1
Topic
Research Question
Martins, J.G., Paiva, P.C.P., Ferreira, R.C., Pordeus, I.A., Zarzar, P.M., & Kawachi, I. (2017,
June). New evidence about the 'dark side' of social cohesion in promoting binge drinking
Purpose of Study The purpose of this longitudinal study was to explore how the act of
binge-drinking would affect the adolescent in the “long-run” among students in public as well as
private schools in Diamantina, Brazil. Martins, Paiva, Ferreira, etc. were looking to delve deeper
into the construct of social capital among adolescent peer groups, seeing as adolescents feel as if
their social capital depends totally on maintaining the image of a follower, or as part of the
crowd.
Subjects The study had 588 adolescents from 13 different public and private schools. In the
first survey, the subjects were 12 and 13 years old, then when the second survey was conducted
a year later, those same students were 13 and 14 years old. Of the students, 92.2 percent came
from public schools and 7.8 percent came from private schools. There were 286 males and 302
females. 75 percent of the participants’ families earn 3 times more than the monthly minimum
wage in Brazil. In addition, 61.6 percent of mothers had less than 8 years of schooling.
Summary of Methodology This study was conducted using a survey of 13 public and private
schools. There were 588 adolescents in the first survey. The test was given with the parents’
permission and a teacher present. The participation rate of the test was 92.89 percent. There was
Group 3
Peer Groups and Drinking/Risky Behavior
How do peer groups influence adolescent
drinking behavior or risky behavior?
2
a follow up survey which was given again at the same 13 public and private schools, as to get a
100 percent follow up rate. They also made calls to the homes of the students who were not in
school the day the second survey was given in order to keep the results accurate.
Summary of Outcomes/Findings The study showed that males were more likely to binge
drink than females by 8.7 percent, and public school students were more likely to drink than
private school students by 18 percent. Students with mothers who had less than eight years of
schooling were more likely to binge drink than those with mothers who had over eight years of
schooling by 6.37 percent. Also, adolescents whose parents earned less than three times Brazil's
minimum monthly wage were more likely to drink than those whose parents earned more than
three times the minimum wage by 3.3 percent. In addition, students who had a higher social
cohesion in the neighborhood and community, were 3.3 times more likely to binge drink by
themselves, whereas subjects who had a decrease in social capital were less likely to binge drink
alone. Social capital is strongly associated to an increase in binge drinking in adolescents. The
study also showed that, as a whole, the amount of subjects who reported binge drinking in the
Brazil were more likely to binge drink due to peer pressure. This study showed that when
students increased their social capital- in other words, increased the amount of connections they
had with their peers in school and outside of school- there was a significant increase in the
Patrick, M.E. (2017, January). High-intensity drinking by underage young adults in the United
Purpose of Study This study aims to predict the popularity of binge drinking and high-intensity
drinking among young adults, 18 to 20 years old. The study focuses on binge drinking (5 or
more drinks on one occasion), and high-intensity drinking with either 10 or more drinks or 15 or
more drinks within the previous two weeks before the survey was conducted. The study focuses
on the change in drinking behavior from the transition out of high school and into the next phase
of life.
Subjects About 15,000 seniors in high school from approximately 130 different schools were
given this survey and about 2,400 students were asked to take a follow up survey annually. The
students were separated by the ages of 18, 19, and 20. There was additional separation based on
gender, and self-identified race/ethnicity. Socioeconomic status was based off of parental
education which was determined by if the student had one or more parents that graduated from
college. The 2,400 students who took the follow up survey were separated by if they attended a
four year college, a two year college (and if they attended those colleges part time or full time),
Summary of Methodology The first survey was given to approximately 15,000 students with
an average age of 18 from about 130 schools that were surveyed annually. The surveys were
self-administered were completed by the students at their schools. A subsample of around 2,400
students who completed the survey were selected annually for a follow up, making this a
longitudinal study. Using mailed questionnaires, half of the subjects received another survey
when they were 19, and the other half received one when they were 20. This way, students could
Group 3
Peer Groups and Drinking/Risky Behavior
How do peer groups influence adolescent
drinking behavior or risky behavior?
4
be tracked from the end of high school until the first and second year after they graduated.
drinking are very common for young adults. The study discovered that those young adults who
attend college, are around other young adults, and no longer live with their parents are more
likely to drink. In the two weeks prior to when the survey was given, a quarter of the subjects
reported binge drinking, 10.3 percent reported high intensity drinking of 10 or more drinks, and
4.2 percent reported high-intensity drinking of 15 or more drinks. It was also discovered that
seniors with college-educated parents were more likely to binge drink- 5 or more drinks on
occasion- but less likely to drink at the a high-intensity of 15 or more drinks. In addition, there
was a significant change from the age of 18 to the age of 19 and 20. Of the students who
reported only binge drinking in high school, 23.5 percent recorded high-intensity drinking at the
age of 19 and 20, and of the non drinkers in high school, 5.4 percent became high-intensity
drinkers. In addition, of those who were high intensity drinkers- 10 or more drinks reported in
the previous 2 weeks- 34.5 percent remained high-intensity drinkers at the age of 19 and 20.
Also, of the high-intensity drinkers in high school- 15 or more drinks in the previous 2 weeks-
48.4 percent remained high-intensity drinkers when they were 19 and 20.
continued on to a four year college or did not live with their parents were more likely to continue
drinking. Being around other young adults in the transitional phase from high school to the next
Van Ryzin, M.J., Dishion, T.J. (2014, October). Adolescent deviant peer clustering as an
amplifying mechanism underlying the progression from early substance use to late
adolescent dependence. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 55( 10), 1153-1161.
doi:10.1111/jcpp.12211
Purpose of Study The main purpose of this study was to evaluate the depth to which substance
use as an adolescent affects the risk of later substance dependence. Prior research has shown that
youth with history of behavioral issues and rejection by peers, tend to cluster with other
adolescents that have been rejected. They all tend to engage in substance-based behavior,
making that the basis at which they spend time together. The hypothesis was based off of the
Subjects Researchers gathered 998 adolescents and their families after they showed interest in
a randomized and controlled trial of family-based intervention. These subjects had come from
three middle schools in the Pacific Northwest. Of the sample of 998 participant adolescents, 472
or 47.3 percent were females. Race was reported by the participants and had come to show that
the sample included 423 (42.3%) European Americans, 291 (29.1%) African Americans, 68
(6.8%) Latinos, 52 (5.2%) Asian Americans and 164 (16.4%) of other ethnicities including
biracial. It was also noted that of the families, 585 (58.6%) had the biological father present.
Between all of the families, the annual family income ranged between $5,000 to more than
$90,000. The median of these salaries was between $30,000 and $40,000.
Summary of Methodology While the subjects were in sixth grade, they were randomly
assigned to either the intervention or control group. Youth reports were made when the subjects
were 12 and 13, and then again when they were 16 and 17. The retention rate was 80 percent of
Group 3
Peer Groups and Drinking/Risky Behavior
How do peer groups influence adolescent
drinking behavior or risky behavior?
6
the subjects over the 11-year study. In the questionnaire, the students were asked to report the
number of occasions that they used the substances- tobacco, marijuana, and alcohol- in the past
month. Then, at the age of 19, the subjects completed an interviewer-administered version of the
Composite International Diagnostic Interview (CIDI). The CIDI is a standardized mental health
assessment that collects diagnostic information about multiple health disorders. For this study,
they used past-year diagnoses of nicotine, alcohol, and marijuana. In addition, the study used
mother, father, youth reports, and observational measures to collect data on how often the
subjects spent time with friends in the past week. The measures used to confirm or deny the
hypothesis consisted of: Substance Abuse, Substance Dependence, Deviant Peer Affiliation,
alcohol- from an early age increased the chances that the adolescents would break off into a
deviant peer group. Once breaking off into those groups, they are more likely to be influenced
by their peers to continue using those substances, which in turn will increase the tendency for
later dependence.
examine whether or not peer groups affect adolescent substance use. The outcomes of the study
showed that there is a very close relationship between peer groups and substance use. More
importantly, the use of substances such as nicotine, marijuana and alcohol will increase the
chances that adolescents will form into groups with other teens who use those substances.
References
Martins, J.G., Paiva, P.C.P., Ferreira, R.C., Pordeus, I.A., Zarzar, P.M., & Kawachi, I. (2017,
June). New evidence about the 'dark side' of social cohesion in promoting binge drinking
Patrick, M.E. (2017, January). High-intensity drinking by underage young adults in the United
Steinberg, L. (2017). Adolescence (11th ed.). New York, NY: McGraw-Hill Education.
Van Ryzin, M.J., Dishion, T.J. (2014, October). Adolescent deviant peer clustering as an
Group 3
Peer Groups and Drinking/Risky Behavior
How do peer groups influence adolescent
drinking behavior or risky behavior?
8
amplifying mechanism underlying the progression from early substance use to late
adolescent dependence. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 55( 10), 1153-1161.
doi:10.1111/jcpp.12211