12/14/2018 Basic Concepts of Surface Mining | Mining | Surface Mining

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4. Strip mining is surface mining where reclamation is contemporaneous with extraction. It is

 Bestsellers applicable to shallow, flat-lying deposits of coal, oil-shale, clay, sand, gravel, and some uranium,
phosphate and placer deposits. As the overburden is removed from one portion of a mineral
 Books deposit, it is used to fill in the trench left by the previous removal. In this manner, the overburden is
continuously refilled to the adjacent previously mined area and reclaimed.
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5. Placer mining is a method for the recovery of heavy minerals using water to excavate, transport,
and or concentrate the mineral being mined (Lacy, 1999). Placer methods vary greatly depending on
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the size and characteristics of the deposit being mined. However, placer mining in general, usually
affects large areas because the ore bodies are in large alluvial deposits with low-grade, but a high
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volumes of mineral. The method can be highly visible and create large areas of disturbance. Many
historic placer operations created serious impacts to stream channels, hydrologic systems and
aquatic habitats. 

Ref: http://www.epa.gov/ORD/NRMRL/Pubs/600R01043/600R01043AppA.pdf  
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Classification of Surface Mining Systems.

Classification of mining systems may be based on different operational features. Systems with
machines capable of excavating continuously and loading the excavated material simultaneously to a
means of continuous transport are known as continuous mining system. Bucket Wheel Excavator
(BWE) with belt conveyor is such a system. Direct hydraulicking of soft solid without ground
preparation is also in this category. All other mining systems are non-continuous mining system.
Systems with shovel and truck or excavating with dragline follows a definite working cycle. That is
why such systems are also referred as cyclic system.

Based on the mode of movement of excavated material surface mining systems can be transport-
less or direct casting type. Mining with dragline or stripper shovel falls under this category.

In the semi-continuous system the excavation is carried out by conventional non-continuous or cyclic
machine but the transportation is by belt conveyors. Figure 4 shows the classification of surface
mining system.

SURFACE MINING

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