



: ‫ﺍﻟﻨﺸﺎﻁ ﺍﻷﻭﻝ‬
 
2


1 3 
N

 ACV
750V



V1N V2N V3N U12 U31 U23

220 V 220 V 220 V 380 V 380 V 380 V



: ‫ﺧﻼﺻﺔ‬
(220V) ·
(380V) ·
 ·
U 380
 = = 1.73 = 3 Þ U = 3 . V
V 220

: ‫ﺗﻌﺮﻳﻒ‬
10KW



V3
U23 
V3N U31 ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻭﺯﻴﻊ‬ ‫ﺸﺒﻜﺔ‬
V2 
U12 
V2N ‫ﺜﻼﺜﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻁﻭﺭ‬
V1
V1N 
N 




1
 : ‫ﺍﻟﻨﺸﺎﻁ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﱐ‬


100 V
2 ms



V1max = V2max = V3max = 3.1 . 100 = 310 V
Veff = Umax / 2 = 310 / 2 = 219.2 » 220 V
(f)(T)
T1 = T2 = T3 = 10 . 2 ms = 20 ms = 0.02 s
1 1
f= = = 50 Hz
T 0.02
j
qV2(t) V1(t)
q = 3.3 . 2 ms = 6.6 ms

j
2 2p
j= pq = 3 radians
T
360 360
j=q. = 6.6 . = 120°
T 20


2p 4p
120° V3(t) (t)2V
3 3
240° V3(t) V1(t)

: ‫ﺧﻼﺻﺔ‬
120°
 V1max = V2max = V3max



2
 ‫‪ -2‬ﺍﻟﺘﻤﺜﻴﻞ ﺍﻟﺮﻳﺎﺿﻲ ﻹﺷﺎﺭﺓ ﺟﻴﺒﻴﺔ ﺛﻼﺛﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﻮﺭ ﻣﺘﻮﺍﺯﻧﺔ ‪:‬‬
‫ﻧﻤﺜﻞ إﺷﺎرة ﺟﯿﺒﯿﺔ ﺑﺎﻟﻌﻼﻗﺔ اﻟﺘﺎﻟﯿﺔ ‪:‬‬
‫) ‪U(t) = Umax sin (wt +j‬‬

‫ﺣﯿﺚ ‪:‬‬
‫‪Umax‬‬ ‫‪:‬‬ ‫اﻟﺴﻌﺔ‬
‫‪f =w / 2 p‬‬ ‫‪:‬‬ ‫اﻟﺘﻮاﺗﺮ‬
‫‪Ucc = 2 Umax‬‬ ‫‪:‬‬ ‫اﻟﻘﯿﻤﺔ ذروة‬
‫ذروة‬
‫‪Umoy = 0‬‬ ‫‪:‬‬ ‫اﻟﻘﯿﻤﺔ اﻟﻤﺘﻮﺳﻄﺔ‬
‫‪Ueff = Umax / 2‬‬ ‫‪:‬‬ ‫اﻟﻘﯿﻤﺔ اﻟﻔﻌﺎﻟﺔ‬
‫‪j‬‬ ‫‪:‬‬ ‫ﻓﺮق اﻟﺼﻔﺤﺔ‬

‫ﻧﻤﺜﻞ اﻵن اﻹﺷﺎرات اﻟﺘﻲ رأﯾﻨﺎھﺎ ﺳﺎﺑﻘﺎ ﺗﻤﺜﯿﻼ رﯾﺎﺿﯿﺎ ﺣﯿﺚ ﺗﻌﻄﻰ ﺑﺎﻟﻌﻼﻗﺎت اﻟﺘﺎﻟﯿﺔ ‪:‬‬

‫‪V1(t) = V1max sin wt‬‬

‫‪2p‬‬
‫) ‪V2(t) = V2max sin ( wt - 3‬‬
‫‪4p‬‬
‫‪V3(t) = V3max sin (wt - 3‬‬ ‫)‬

‫ﻣﻼﺣﻈﺔ ‪:‬‬
‫إن اﻹﺷﺎرة اﻟﺘﻲ ﻣﺜﻠﻨﺎھﺎ رﯾﺎﺿﯿﺎ ﺑﺎﻟﻌﻼﻗﺔ ‪:‬‬
‫) ‪U(t) = Umax sin (wt +j‬‬
‫ﯾﻤﻜﻦ ﺗﻤﺜﯿﻠﮭﺎ أﯾﻀﺎ ﺑﺎﻷﻋﺪاد اﻟﻤﺮﻛﺒﺔ ‪:‬‬
‫)‪j(wt+j‬‬ ‫‪jwt‬‬ ‫‪jj‬‬ ‫‪jwt‬‬
‫‪U(t) = U . e‬‬ ‫‪=U.e‬‬ ‫‪.e =U.e‬‬

‫ﺣﯿﺚ ‪ U‬ھﻮ ﻋﺪد ﻣﺮﻛﺐ ﯾﻤﺜﻞ اﻟﺘﻮﺗﺮ و )‪ U(t‬ھﻮ اﻟﺘﻮﺗﺮ اﻟﻤﺮﻛﺐ ‪.‬‬

‫‪ -3‬ﺗﻤﺜﯿﻞ ﻓﺮﯾﻨﻞ ﻹﺷﺎرة ﺟﯿﺒﯿﺔ ﺛﻼﺛﯿﺔ اﻟﻄﻮر ﻣﺘﻮازﻧﺔ ‪:‬‬

‫أ – اﻟﻌﻼﻗﺔ اﻟﻤﻮﺟﻮدة ﺑﯿﻦ اﻟﺘﻮﺗﺮات اﻟﺒﺴﯿﻄﺔ ‪:‬‬
‫ﺣﺴﺐ ﺗﻤﺜﯿﻞ ﻓﺮﯾﻨﺎ ﻟﻠﺘﻮﺗﺮات اﻟﺒﺴﯿﻄﺔ ﻧﺠﺪ ‪:‬‬
‫ﻧﺸﺎط ‪:‬‬
‫‪V3‬‬ ‫‪c‬‬ ‫أﺣﺴﺐ اﻟﻤﺠﻤﻮع اﻟﺠﺒﺮي ﻟﻠﺸﻌﺎﻋﺎت اﻟﺜﻼﺛﺔ ؟‬
‫‪e‬‬

‫®¾¾‬ ‫®¾¾‬ ‫®¾¾‬

‫? = ‪V1 + V2 + V3‬‬
‫‪‬‬ ‫®¾¾‬ ‫®¾¾‬ ‫®¾¾‬
‫‪ab + ae = ac‬‬
‫®¾¾‬ ‫®¾¾‬ ‫®¾¾‬
‫‪V1 + V3 = ac‬‬
‫‪120°‬‬ ‫®¾¾‬ ‫®¾¾‬ ‫®¾¾‬ ‫®¾¾‬ ‫®¾¾‬ ‫®¾¾‬

‫‪b‬‬ ‫‪ac + ad = ac + ca = aa = 0‬‬

‫‪a‬‬ ‫‪V1‬‬
‫‪Donc‬‬
‫®¾¾‬ ‫®¾¾‬ ‫®¾¾‬ ‫®¾¾‬
‫‪V1 + V2 + V3 = 0‬‬ ‫اﻟﺨﻼﺻﺔ ‪:‬‬
‫‪‬‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺠﻤﻮع اﻟﺠﺒﺮي ﻟﻠﺘﻮﺗﺮات اﻟﺒﺴﯿﻄﺔ ﯾﺴﺎوي اﻟﺼﻔﺮ ‪.‬‬

‫ب – اﻟﻌﻼﻗﺔ اﻟﻤﻮﺟﻮدة ﺑﯿﻦ اﻟﺘﻮﺗﺮات اﻟﻤﺮﻛﺒﺔ ‪:‬‬

‫‪V2‬‬ ‫‪ : U12‬اﻟﺘﻮﺗﺮ ﺑﯿﻦ اﻟﻄﻮر )‪ (1‬و اﻟﻄﻮر )‪(2‬‬
‫‪d‬‬ ‫‪ : U23‬اﻟﺘﻮﺗﺮ ﺑﯿﻦ اﻟﻄﻮر )‪ (2‬و اﻟﻄﻮر )‪(3‬‬
‫‪ : U31‬اﻟﺘﻮﺗﺮ ﺑﯿﻦ اﻟﻄﻮر )‪ (3‬و اﻟﻄﻮر )‪(1‬‬

‫‪3‬‬
 ‫‪V3‬‬ ‫‪-V2‬‬ ‫ﻧﺸﺎط ‪:‬‬
‫أﺣﺴﺐ اﻟﻤﺠﻤﻮع اﻟﺠﺒﺮي ﻟﻠﺘﻮﺗﺮات اﻟﺜﻼﺛﺔ ؟‬

‫‪U31‬‬ ‫‪U12‬‬

‫‪120°‬‬
‫‪30°‬‬
‫‪-V1‬‬ ‫‪V1‬‬
‫®¾¾‬ ‫®¾¾‬ ‫®¾¾‬ ‫®¾¾‬ ‫®¾¾‬
‫) ‪U12 = V1 – V2 = V1 + (- V2‬‬
‫®¾¾‬ ‫®¾¾‬ ‫®¾¾‬ ‫®¾¾‬ ‫®¾¾‬
‫) ‪U23 = V2 – V3 = V2 + ( - V3‬‬
‫®¾¾‬ ‫®¾¾‬ ‫®¾¾‬ ‫®¾¾‬ ‫®¾¾‬
‫) ‪U31 = V3 – V1 = V3 + ( - V1‬‬
‫‪Donc‬‬
‫‪V2‬‬ ‫®¾¾‬ ‫®¾¾‬ ‫®¾¾‬ ‫®¾¾‬
‫‪U23‬‬ ‫‪U12 + U23 + U31 = 0‬‬
‫‪-V3‬‬

‫اﻟﺨﻼﺻﺔ ‪:‬‬
‫اﻟﻤﺠﻤﻮع اﻟﺠﺒﺮي ﻟﻠﺘﻮﺗﺮات اﻟﻤﺮﻛﺒﺔ ﯾﺴﺎوي اﻟﺼﻔﺮ ‪.‬‬

‫ج – اﻟﻌﻼﻗﺔ اﻟﻤﻮﺟﻮدة ﺑﯿﻦ اﻟﺘﻮﺗﺮ اﻟﺒﺴﯿﻂ و اﻟﺘﻮﺗﺮ اﻟﻤﺮﻛﺐ ‪:‬‬

‫‪d‬‬ ‫‪c‬‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺜﻠﺚ ‪ cba‬ﻣﺜﻠﺚ ﻣﺘﺴﺎوي اﻟﺴﺎﻗﯿﻦ و ﺑﺎﻟﺘﺎﻟﻲ ﻟﮫ زاوﯾﺘﯿﻦ ﻣﺘﺴﺎوﯾﺘﯿﻦ و ﺗﺴﺎوي ‪p/6‬‬
‫اﻟﻤﺜﻠﺚ ‪: abn‬‬
‫‪U12‬‬

‫‪n‬‬
‫‪an‬‬
‫= ‪cos p/6‬‬ ‫)‪Þ an = ab . cos (p/6‬‬
‫‪90°‬‬ ‫‪ab‬‬
‫‪1‬‬
‫)‪an = . ac ( ac = U12‬‬
‫‪30°‬‬ ‫‪60°‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬
‫‪a‬‬ ‫‪V1‬‬
‫‪b‬‬ ‫‪ab = V1‬‬
‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪ab‬‬
‫= ‪Þ ac‬‬ ‫‪3‬‬
‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬
‫‪Þ U12 = 3 . V1‬‬

‫اﻟﺨﻼﺻﺔ ‪:‬‬
‫اﻟﺘﻮﺗﺮات اﻟﻤﺮﻛﺒﺔ ﻣﺘﻘﺪﻣﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﺘﻮﺗﺮات اﻟﺒﺴﯿﻄﺔ ب ‪ p/6‬و ﻃﻮﯾﻠﺔ اﻟﻘﯿﻤﺔ اﻟﻤﺮﻛﺒﺔ ھﻲ ﺣﺎﺻﻞ ﺟﺪاء اﻟﻘﯿﻤﺔ اﻟﺒﺴﯿﻄﺔ و ‪3‬‬

‫‪ -4‬ﺗﻐﺬﯾﺔ ﺣﻤﻮﻟﺔ ﺛﻼﺛﯿﺔ اﻟﻄﻮر ﻣﺘﻮازﻧﺔ ‪:‬‬

‫‪ : 1-4‬اﻟﺘﺮﻛﯿﺐ اﻟﻨﺠﻤﻲ ‪:‬‬

‫ﻟﺪﯾﻨﺎ ﺛﻼث ﻣﻤﺎﻧﻌﺎت ‪ Z2 ، Z1‬و ‪ Z3‬ﺣﯿﺚ ﺗﺮﺑﻂ ﻛﻞ واﺣﺪة ﻣﻨﮭﺎ ﺑﯿﻦ ﻃﻮر و اﻟﻤﺤﺎﯾﺪ ﻟﻤﻮزع ﺛﻼﺛﻲ اﻟﻄﻮر ‪ .‬ﻧﺴﻤﻲ ھﺬا اﻟﺘﺮﻛﯿﺐ ﺑﺎﻟﺘﺮﻛﯿﺐ‬
‫‪.‬‬ ‫ﻋﻨﺪﻣﺎ ﯾﻜﻮن ﯾﺤﺘﻮي ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﺤﺎﯾﺪ ‪ ،‬أﻣﺎ إذا ﻟﻢ ﯾﻜﻦ ﯾﺤﺘﻮي ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﺤﺎﯾﺪ ﻓﻨﺮﻣﺰ ﻟﮫ ﺑﺎﻟﺮﻣﺰ‬ ‫اﻟﻨﺠﻤﻲ و ﻧﺮﻣﺰ ﻟﮫ ﺑﺎﻟﺮﻣﺰ‬

‫‪‬‬
‫‪‬‬
‫‪‬‬
‫‪‬‬

‫‪4‬‬
 I
(1)  1 
I1
(1) 
I2 V1 Z1
(2) 
I3
(3) IN 
N
Z1 Z2 Z3 
Z3 Z2 V3 V2

(2) I2
IN
N 
(3) I3

I1 + I2 + I3 = IN 

 

 

j1 = j2 = j3 = j Z1 = Z2 = Z3 = Z 


 In = I1 + I2 + I3 = (V1 + V2+V3) / Z = 0

I2
V3

V1

I2 I1


V2

: ‫ﲤﺮﻳﻦ ﺗﻄﺒﻴﻘﻲ‬
Z1 = Z2 = Z3 = Z=200 W 50Hz220V/380V1

I1 , I2 , I3 ·
 ·
IN = 0 ·

: ‫ ﻟﺪﯾﻨﺎ ﺛﻼث آﺧﺬات‬-2

R = 20Wa
2pZL = 15Wa
2pZc = 30Wa
V = 60V ·
I1 , I2 , I3 ·
 ·
: ‫ﺧﻼﺻﺔ‬
 In = I1 + I2 + I3= 0 j1 = j2 = j3 = j Z1 = Z2 = Z3 = Z ·

5
 : ‫ ﺍﻟﺘﺮﻛﻴﺐ ﺍﳌﺜﻠﺜﻲ‬: 2-4

I1
(1) (1) 
J1

(2)
Z1 Z3 
U31 U12
(3) 
J3
I2 J2 
(2)
U23 Z2 
Z1 Z2 Z3 I3
(3) 



 
 
 
I1 , I2 , I3 
J1 , J2 , J3 
j12 = j23 = j31 = j Z1 = Z2 = Z3 = Z 

J1 = I1 + J3 Þ I1 = J1 – J3
J2 = I2 + J1 Þ I2 = J2– J1
J3 = I3 + J2 Þ I3 = J3 – J2

U31 J3

J2 U12

J1
U23

: ‫ﺧﻼﺻﺔ‬
 J1 = J2 = J3 j12 = j23 = j31 = j Z1 = Z2 = Z3 = Z ·

: ‫ ﺍﻟﻌﻼﻗﺔ ﺍﻟﱵ ﺗﺮﺑﻂ ﻣﺎ ﺑﲔ ﺗﻴﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﻔﺮﻉ ﻭ ﺗﻴﺎﺭ ﺍﳋﻂ‬: 3-4



I = J . 3

6
 : ‫ ﺍﻻﺳﺘﻄﺎﻋﺔ ﰲ ﺛﻼﺛﻲ ﺍﻟﻄﻮﺭ‬-4
: ‫ ﻃﺮﻳﻘﺔ ﺍﻟﻮﺍﻃﻤﺘﺮ ﺍﻟﻮﺍﺣﺪ‬: 1-4
(1) A W : ‫ﺃ( ﺍﻟﺘﺮﻛﻴﺐ ﺍﻟﻨﺠﻤﻲ ﺍﳌﺘﺰﻥ‬
Z1 = Z2 = Z3 = Z ·
(2)

‫ﺣﻤﻮﻟﺔ‬
 j1 = j2 = j3 = j 
(3)  In = I1 + I2 + I3= 0 
: ‫ﺍﻻﺳﺘﻄﺎﻋﺔ ﺍﻟﻔﻌﺎﻟﺔ‬
(N)

P1 = V1.I1 cosj1
 P2 = V2.I2 cosj2
3 P3 = V3.I3 cosj3

 Pg = P1+ P2 + P3
P1 = P2 = P3 = P = V.I .cosj 

      Pg = 3 . P = 3 . V. I . cos j
Pg= 3.(U/ 3) .I . Cosj = 3.( 3 / 3) . (U/ 3 ) .I . cos j

Pg = 3 U.I.cos j (Watts)

: ‫ﺍﻻﺳﺘﻄﺎﻋﺔ ﺍﻹﺭﺗﻜﺎﺳﻴﺔ‬

Q1 = V1.I1 sinj1
Q2 = V2.I. sin j2
Q3 = V3.I3 sinj3

Qg = 3 U.I.sin j (VAR)

: ‫ﺍﻻﺳﺘﻄﺎﻋﺔ ﺍﻟﻈﺎﻫﺮﻳﺔ‬

S Sg = Pg2+Qg2 Þ Sg2 = Pg2 + Qg2 =( 3 U.I.cosj )2 + ( 3 U.I.sinj )2
Q
j
P Sg = 3 U.I (VA)

: (cos j) ‫ﺍﺳﺘﻨﺘﺎﺝ ﻋﺎﻣﻞ ﺍﻻﺳﺘﻄﺎﻋﺔ‬

Pg
cos j =
Sg

7
 : ‫ﺏ( ﺍﻟﺘﺮﻛﻴﺐ ﺍﳌﺜﻠﺜﻲ ﺍﳌﺘﺰﻥ‬
: ‫ﺍﻻﺳﺘﻄﺎﻋﺔ ﺍﻟﻔﻌﺎﻟﺔ‬

P1 = U12.J1 cosj12
P2 = U23.J2 cosj23
P3 = U31.J3 cosj31

 Pg = P1+ P2 + P3
P1 = P2 = P3 = P = U.J .cosj 

      Pg = 3 . P = 3 . U. J . cos j
Pg= 3. U.(I/ 3 ) . Cosj = 3.( 3 / 3) . U . (I / 3 ) . cos j


Pg = 3 U.I.cos j (Watts)

: ‫ﺍﻻﺳﺘﻄﺎﻋﺔ ﺍﻹﺭﺗﻜﺎﺳﻴﺔ‬
Qg = 3 U.I.sin j (VAR)

: ‫ﺍﻻﺳﺘﻄﺎﻋﺔ ﺍﻟﻈﺎﻫﺮﻳﺔ‬
Sg = 3 U.I (VA)

: (cos j) ‫ﻋﺎﻣﻞ ﺍﻻﺳﺘﻄﺎﻋﺔ‬

Pg
cos j =
Sg

: ‫ ﻃﺮﻳﻘﺔ ﺍﻟﻮﺍﻃﻤﺘﺮﻳﻦ‬: 2-4

: ‫ﻗﻴﺎﺱ ﺍﻻﺳﺘﻄﺎﻋﺔ ﺍﻟﻔﻌﺎﻟﺔ‬

I1
(1) A W1
‫ﺣﻤـــــﻮﻟﺔ‬

I2
(2) A W2
U31
U23
I3
(3)


8
 

V3

U23 U31

b j3 I3

V1
30°
j1
d
I2 j2 I1
a1
q
U12
a2
30°

V3
1
P1= U . I . cos ( I1 , U31 ) = U . I . cos a1 ………………..(1)
2
 P2 = U . I . cos ( I2 , U23) = U. I . cos a2………………….(2)

Z1 = Z2 = Z3 = Z
j1 = j2 = j3 = j
a2a1
a1
30 ° + d = 180° ‫و‬ d + j + a1 = 180°
: ‫و ﻣﻨﮫ‬
° 30 = j + 1a Ü 30 °+ d = d + j + 1a
j - 30 = 1a Ü

a2
2a + q = 180° ‫و‬ ° 30 + q + j = 180°
: ‫و ﻣﻨﮫ‬
j + 30 = 2a Ü 2a + q = ° 30 + q + j


 P1= = U . I . cos (30 - j ) (1)
 P2 = U. I . cos ( 30 + j ) (2)

P = P1 + P2 = U . I ((cos (30 - j ) + cos (30 + j )) ……………….(3)

 cos(a+b) = cosa cosb – sina sinb
cos (a+b) = cosa cosb + sina sinb

Cos (a+b) + cos (a-b) = 2 cosa cosb

 (3) Þ P = U .I . 2 . cos 30 . cosj Þ P = U . I . ( 3 / 2 ) . cos j = 3 . U.I.cos j

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 

Pg = P1 + P2
: ‫ﻗﻴﺎﺱ ﺍﻻﺳﺘﻄﺎﻋﺔ ﺍﻻﺭﺗﻜﺎﺳﻴﺔ‬
P1 – P2 = U . I . ((cos (30 - j ) - cos (30 + j ))
 P1 – P2 = U . I . 2.sin 30 . sin j = U . I (1/2) . sinj = U.I.sinj
 3


Qg = 3 (P1 – P2)

!! ‫ھﺬه اﻟﻌﻼﻗﺔ ﺻﺤﯿﺤﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺣﺎﻟﺔ اﻟﺘﺮﻛﯿﺐ اﻟﻤﺘﺰن ﻓﻘﻂ‬ !

: ‫ﻧﺸﺎﻁ‬
R
 
50Hz380220V
A2A1 W2W1
 An

R 
(1) A1 W1

R   

(2) A2 W2
2.2A I1 A1
R 2.2A I2 A2
(3) 725W P1 W1
725W P2 W2
(N) An 0A IN An

 1
 2
 3
R  4
An 5
: ‫ﺟﺪﻭﻝ ﳏﻮﺻﻞ‬

  

Q P
‫ﻧﻌﻢ‬ ‫ﻧﻌﻢ‬ ‫ﻧﻌﻢ‬ ‫ﻣﺜﻠﺜﻲ‬
‫ﻧﻌﻢ‬ ‫ﻧﻌﻢ‬ ‫ﻧﻌﻢ‬ ‫ﻧﺠﻤﻲ‬ 
‫ﻻ‬ ‫ﻻ‬ ‫ﻧﻌﻢ‬ ‫ﻣﺜﻠﺜﻲ‬
‫ﻻ‬ ‫ﻻ‬ ‫ﻧﻌﻢ‬ ‫ﻧﺠﻤﻲ‬ 

10