Past Tense (Waktu Lampau)

 Simple Past Tense (Waktu lampau sederhana)

Simple Past Tense adalah tenses yang digunakan untuk menyatakan kegiatan yang terjadi dimasa
lampau dan waktu terjadinya persitiwa itu telah diketahui.

Rumus Verbal:

(+) S + V2 + O + Adj / Noun / Adverb (ANA)

(-) S + did + not + V1 + O + ANA

(?) Did + S + V1 + O + ANA ?

Rumus Nominal:

(+) S + to be 2 (was/were) + ANA

(-) S + to be 2 (was/were) + ANA

(?) to be 2 + S + ANA ?

Note:

Was: I, He, She, dan It.

Were: You, We, They.

 Past Continuous Tense (Waktu berlangsung lampau)

Past Continuous Tense adalah tenses yang digunakan untuk menyatakan peristiwa yang sedang
terjadi, tetapi bukan sedang terjadi sekarang, melainkan sedang terjadi “dulu”, sudah lewat.

Rumus Verbal:

(+) S + to be 2 (was/were) + V-ing + O

(-) S + to be 2 (was/were) + not + V-ing + O

(?) to be 2 (was/were) + S + V-ing + O

Rumus Nominal:

(+) S + to be 2 + Adj / Noun / Adverb (ANA)

(-) S + to be 2 + not + ANA

(?) to be 2 + S + ANA ?

Contoh Kalimat Verbal Past Continuous Tense:

(+) He was confused in studying grammar yesterday in school.

(-) He was not confused in studying grammar yesterday in school.

(?) Was he confused in studying grammar yesterday in school?

Contoh Kalimat Nominal Past Continuous Tense:

(+) She was lazy.

(-) She was not lazy.

(?) Was she lazy?

 Past Perfect Tense (Waktu Sempurna Lampau)

Past Perfect Tense adalah tenses yang digunakan untuk menunjukkan peristiwa yang terjadi
dimasa lampau dan terus berlangsung ataupun selesai dimasa lampau berikutnya.

Rumus Verbal:

(+) S + had + V3

(-) S + had + not + V3

(?) Had + S + V3

Rumus Nominal:

(+) S + had + been + ANA

(-) S + had + not + been + ANA

(?) Had + S + been + ANA ?

Contoh Kalimat Verbal Past Perfect Tense:

(+) She had helped her mother after she played a game.

(-) She had not helped her mother after she played a game.

(?) Had she helped her mother after she played a game?

Contoh Kalimat Nominal Past Perfect Tense:

(+) They had been at Grage Mall since morning.

(-) They had not been at Grage Mall since morning.

(?) Had they been at Grage Mall since morning?

 Past Perfect Continuous Tense (Waktu berlangsung sempurna lampau)

Past Perfect Continuous Tense digunakan untuk mengekspresikan suatu kejadian yang sudah
dimulai dan sedang berlangsung di masa lampau tapi saat ini sudah tidak terjadi lagi.

Rumus Verbal

(+) S + had + been + V-ing

(-) S + had + not + been + V-ing

(?) Had + S + been + V-ing

Rumus Nominal

(+) S + Had + Been + Being + O+ ANA

(-) S + Had + Not + Been + Being + O + ANA

(?) Had + S + Been + Being + O + ANA

Contoh Kalimat Verbal Past Perfect Continuous Tense:

(+) Isna had been sleeping for 5 hours before Her father woke up.

(-) Isna had not been sleeping for 5 hours before Her fathe woke up.

(?) Had she been sleeping for 5 hours before her father woke up?

Contoh Kalimat Nominal Past Perfect Continuous Tense:

(+) I had been being a modeling character since 2010.

(-) I had not been being a modeling character since 2010.

(?) Had you been being a modeling character since 2010?