2.

3 Project Management

In the field of construction, scheduling is important because it sets the time and sequence
of the various stages, the linkage between one activity to another. Infrastructure development
activities includes some activities, starting from planning, execution, along with supervision.
Scheduling is structured to become a reference in the implementation of the project as well as the
basic for supervision of the project implementation. The primary reason for project scheduling is
to ensure that the deadline can be achieved. CPM is a time-oriented method that leads to timing
and time estimates are deterministic

The critical path method (CPM) is a step-by-step project management technique for
process planning that defines critical and non-critical tasks with the goal of preventing time-
frame problems and process bottlenecks. The CPM is ideally suited to projects consisting of
numerous activities that interact in a complex manner. The critical path is the longest sequence
of activities in a project plan which must be completed on time for the project to complete on due
date. An activity on the critical path cannot be started until its predecessor activity is complete; if
it is delayed for a day, the entire project will be delayed for a day unless the activity following
the delayed activity is completed a day earlier. The work needed to complete the project needs to
be broken down and all activities need to be defined. Once we know how long each activity will
take, we can use this information to understand the duration of the project.

Table 2.3: Project Activity and Duration.

No Activity Code Time Predecessors

(Days)
1. Preparatory Works (Signage, Site Office, Temporary Road, A 3
Temporary Toilet, Machinery Placement)
2. Excavation Works A (Cut and Fill) B 5 1
3. Excavation Works B (Cut and Fill) C 5 2
4. Foundation Works A (Pile Caps, Stumps) D 10 3
5. Foundation Works B (Pile Caps, Stump) E 10 4
6. Ground Floor Works A (Ground Beam, Slab) F 14 5
7. Ground Floor Works B (Ground Beam, Slab) G 14 6
8. Column Works A H 12 7
9. Column Works B I 12 8
10. Roof Beam Works A J 10 9
11. Roof Beam Works B K 10 10
12. Brickwall Works A L 8 11
13. Brickwall Works B M 8 12
14. Roof Truss Works A N 10 13
15. Roof Truss Works B O 10 14
16. Roof (Ceilings and Tiles) Works A P 17 15
17. Roof (Ceilings and Tiles) Works B Q 17 16
18. Plaster Works A R 25 17
19. Plaster Works B S 25 18
20. Floor Works A T 18 19
21. Floor Works B U 18 20
22. Instalation Works (Lamps, Glass, Doors, Windows, V 15 21
Switches, Outlets, Locks, Sanitation)
23. Painting Works W 15 22
24. Sewerage and Water Reticulation Works X 20 23
25. Main Line Electrical Works Y 15 24
26. Road and Drainage Works Z 15 25
27. Fencing Work a1 5 26
28. Complementary Works (Cleanup Process, Landscaping) b1 5 27