Conversion to TOA Radiance

Landsat Level-1 data can be converted to TOA spectral radiance using the
radiance rescaling factors in the MTL file:

Lλ = MLQcal + AL

where:
Lλ = TOA spectral radiance (Watts/( m2 * srad * μm))
Band-specific multiplicative rescaling factor from the metadata
ML =
(RADIANCE_MULT_BAND_x, where x is the band number)
Band-specific additive rescaling factor from the metadata
AL =
(RADIANCE_ADD_BAND_x, where x is the band number)
Qcal = Quantized and calibrated standard product pixel values (DN)

Lλ = MLQcal + AL

3.3420E-04 * Band 10 + 0.10000

Conversion to Top of Atmosphere Brightness Temperature
Thermal band data can be converted from spectral radiance to top of
atmosphere brightness temperature using the thermal constants in the MTL file:

where:
T = Top of atmosphere brightness temperature (K)where:
Lλ = TOA spectral radiance (Watts/( m2 * srad * μm))
Band-specific thermal conversion constant from the metadata
K1 =
(K1_CONSTANT_BAND_x, where x is the thermal band number)
Band-specific thermal conversion constant from the metadata
K2 =
(K2_CONSTANT_BAND_x, where x is the thermal band number)

K2 /aloge ((( K1 * 0.95) / Lµ) + 1)

1321.0789 / Ln(774.8853 / "rastercalc251.tif" + 1) - 272.15

https://landsat.usgs.gov/using-usgs-landsat-8-product