DRUG STUDY

ORAL MEDICATIONS

Date Ordered: November 24, 2018; 11:20 PM

Ordering Physician: Dr. Anna Dominique Sadian

Generic Name: Potassium chloride

Classification: Dietary supplement

Dosage, Route and Frequency: every 4 hours 1 tablet 5 doses

Mechanism of Action: provide an extended-release of potassium from the matrix to minimize the

likelihood of producing high, localized concentrations of potassium within the gastrointestinal tract

Desired Effect: This drug was given to the patient to increase Potassium level in the blood

NURSING RESPONSIBILITIES RATIONALE

1. Verify Doctor’s Order To administer drug effectively and efficiently

2. Observe 12 R’s in drug administration To prevent committing mistake, as to the name of

the drug to be administered, dosage, route and

frequency

3. Inform the patient as well as the To gain cooperation and helps in alleviating their

significant other about the side effect, anxiety

adverse effect and therapeutic technique

effect this drug

4. Advise to increase the intake of Potassium To potentiate the action of the drug

rich foods like banana, potatoes and green

leafy vegetables
 5. Advise not to crush, chew, break, or suck Breaking or crushing the pill may cause too much

and tell the patient to swallow it whole of the drug to be released at one time and sucking

may cause oral ulcerations

6. Advise swallow with large glass of water To wash drug down and to start esophageal

or fruit juice peristalsis

7. Advise to take with meal or just after Potassium Chloride may cause gastric irritation

meals

8. Advise to sit or stand while taking the To prevent drug induced esophagitis

drug

9. Advise to take a rest This drug may cause Fatigue and Headache

10. Document the time and date of For legal purposes and to provide information that

administration of drug the procedure has been rendered to the patient

INTRAVENOUS MEDICATIONS

Date Ordered: November 24, 2018; 11:20 PM

Ordering Physician: Dr. Anna Dominique Sadian

Generic Name: Paracetamol

Classification: Antipyretic

Dosage, Route and Frequency: 300 mg IV every 4 hours PRN for temperature 37.8 ℃

Mechanism of Action: Inhibits the synthesis of prostaglandins that may serve as mediators of fever,

primarily in the CNS

Desired Effect: This drug was given to the patient for the treatment of fever
 NURSING RESPONSIBILITIES RATIONALE

1. Verify Doctor’s Order To administer drug effectively and efficiently

2. Observe 12 R’s in drug administration To prevent committing mistake, as to the name of

the drug to be administered, dosage, route and

frequency

3. Inform the patient as well as the To gain cooperation and helps in alleviating their

significant other about the side effect, anxiety

adverse effect and therapeutic technique

effect this drug

4. Check body temperature before This serves as basis for giving the medication

administering the drug

5. Provide a tepid sponge bath To increase heat loss through conduction

6. Advise to eat in a small frequent amount This drug may cause Nausea and Vomiting

7. Advise to take a rest This drug may cause Fatigue and Headache

8. Document the time and date of For legal purposes and to provide information that

administration of drug the procedure has been rendered to the patient

Date Ordered: November 24, 2018; 11:20 PM

Ordering Physician: Dr. Anna Dominique Sadian

Generic Name: Tramadol

Classification: Opiate (narcotic) analgesics

Dosage, Route, Frequency: 50mg IV every 8hrs prn for pain

Mechanism of Action: It is a centrally acting opiate receptor agonist that inhibits the uptake of

norepinephrine, and serotonin, suggesting both opiod and non-opiod mechanism of pain relief.

Desired Effect: This drug is given to the patient to alleviate pain

NURSING RESPONSIBILITIES RATIONALE

1. Verify Doctor’s Order To prevent committing mistake, as to the name of

the drug to be administered, dosage, route and

frequency

2. Observe 12 R’s in drug administration. To administer drug effectively and efficiently

3. Ensure patient’s safety This drug has side effects like seizures, dizziness

and blurring of vision.

4. Inform the patient as well as the significant To gain cooperation and helps in alleviating their

other about the side effect, adverse effect anxiety.

and therapeutic effect of this drug

5. Disinfect the site before administration of To prevent infection

the drug.

6. Advise patient to eat fiber-rich foods such To minimize constipation as one of the side effect

as green-leafy vegetables and fruits of this drug.

7. Advise patient to move slowly To prevent orthostatic hypotension

8. Monitor respiratory status before This drug may cause respiratory depression

administering the drug.

9. Document the time and date of For legal purposes and to provide information that

administration of drug. the procedure has been rendered to the patient

Date Ordered : December 7, 2018 8am

Ordering Physician : Dr. Junnelyn Candemas

Generic Name : Diphenhydramine

Classification : Antihistamine

Dosage, Route, Frequency : 50mg + 9ml PNSS

Mechanism of Action: Antagonizes the effects of histamine at H-receptor sites; does not bind to or

inactivate histamine. Significant CNS depressant and anticholinergic properties.

Desired Effect: This drug is given to the patient prior to chemotherapy to prevent symptoms of allergy.

NURSING RESPONSIBILITIES RATIONALE

1. Verify Doctor’s Order To administer drug effectively and efficiently

2. Observe 12 R’s in drug administration. To prevent committing mistake, as to the name of

the drug to be administered, dosage, route and

frequency

3. Ensure patient’s safety This drug may cause drowsiness and dizziness.

4. Disinfect the site before administration of To prevent infetion

the drug.

5. Instruct patient to perform frequent oral To minimize dry mouth

rinses and good oral hygiene.

6. Inform the patient as well as the significant To gain cooperation and helps in alleviating their

other about the side effect, adverse effect anxiety.

and therapeutic effect of this drug

 7. Document the time and date of For legal purposes and to provide information that

administration of drug. the procedure has been rendered to the patient

Date Ordered : December 7, 2018 8am

Ordering Physician : Dr. Junnelyn Candemas

Generic Name : Metoclopramide

Classification : Antiemetics

Dosage, Route, Frequency : 10mg IV every 6hours

Mechanism of Action: Blocks dopamine receptors in chemoreceptor trigger zone of the CNS. Stimulates

motility of the upper GI tract and accelerates gastric emptying.

Desired Effect: This drug is given to the patient to prevent nausea and vomiting

NURSING RESPONSIBILITIES RATIONALE

1. Verify Doctor’s Order To prevent committing mistake, as to the name of

the drug to be administered, dosage, route and

frequency

2. Observe 12 R’s in drug administration To administer drug effectively and efficiently

3. Assess patient for nausea and vomiting Serves as a baseline data in administration of the

before and after administration of drug

medication

4. Disinfect the site before administration of To prevent infection

the drug.

5. Administer IV dose slowly To prevent abrupt action of the drug.

 6. Caution patient to avoid activities This drug may cause drowsiness

requiring alertness

7. Advise patient to have a small frequent To prevent the episodes of nausea and vomiting

feeding

8. Document the time and date of For legal purposes and to provide information that

administration of drug. the procedure has been rendered to the patient

Date Ordered : December 7, 2018 8am

Ordering Physician : Dr. Junnelyn Candemas

Generic Name : Dexamethasone

Classification : Corticosteroid

Dosage, Route, Frequency : Pre-chemotherapy 16mg IV

Mechanism of Action: Decreases inflammation by inhibiting the emigration of leukocytes and reversal

of increased capillary permeability. It also suppresses normal immune response.

Desired Effect: This drug is given to the patient to decrease inflammation.

NURSING RESPONSIBILITIES RATIONALE

1. Verify Doctor’s Order To prevent committing mistake, as to the name of

the drug to be administered, dosage, route and

frequency

2. Observe 12 R’s in drug administration To administer drug effectively and efficiently

 3. Disinfect the site before administration of To prevent infection

the drug.

4. Instruct patient to take the drug with food. To prevent gasrtric irritation.

5. Raise the side rails of the bed To prevent injury because this drug may cause

dizziness and blurring of vision.

6. Inform the patient as well as the To gain cooperation and helps in alleviating their

significant other about the side effect, anxiety.

adverse effect and therapeutic effect of

this drug

7. Document the time and date of For legal purposes and to provide information that

administration of drug. the procedure has been rendered to the patient

Date Ordered : December 7, 2018 8am

Ordering Physician : Dr. Junnelyn Candemas

Generic Name : Ranitidine

Classification : Histamine H2 antagonist

Dosage, Route, Frequency : Pre-chemotherapy 50mg SIVP

Mechanism of Action: Inhibits the action of histamine at the H2 receptor site located primarily in gastric

parietal cells. It also inhibits gastric acid secretion

Desired Effect: This drug is given to the patient to prevent ulcers.

 NURSING RESPONSIBILITIES RATIONALE

1. Verify Doctor’s Order To prevent committing mistake, as to the name of

the drug to be administered, dosage, route and

frequency

2. Observe 12 R’s in drug administration To administer drug effectively and efficiently

3. Inform the patient as well as the To gain cooperation and helps in alleviating their

significant other about the side effect, anxiety.

adverse effect and therapeutic effect of

this drug

4. Disinfect the site before administration of To prevent infection

the drug.

5. Raise the side rails of the bed To prevent injury because this drug may cause

dizziness and vertigo.

6. Instruct patient to increase oral fluid To prevent constipation

intake and foods rich in fiber such as

fruits and green-leafy vegetables.

7. Document the time and date of For legal purposes and to provide information that

administration of drug. the procedure has been rendered to the patient

Date Ordered : December 7, 2018 8am

Ordering Physician : Dr. Junnelyn Candemas

Generic Name : Ondasetron

Classification : Antiemetics

Dosage, Route, Frequency : Pre-chemotherapy 80mg SIVP

Mechanism of Action: Blocks the effects of serotonin at 5-HT receptor sites (selective antagonist)

located in vagal nerve terminals and the chemoreceptor trigger zone in the CNS.

Desired Effect: This drug is given to the patient before chemotherapy to decrease episode and severity of

nausea and vomiting.

NURSING RESPONSIBILITIES RATIONALE

1. Verify Doctor’s Order To prevent committing mistake, as to the name of

the drug to be administered, dosage, route and

frequency

2. Observe 12 R’s in drug administration To administer drug effectively and efficiently

3. Inform the patient as well as the To gain cooperation and helps in alleviating their

significant other about the side effect, anxiety.

adverse effect and therapeutic effect of

this drug

4. Disinfect the site before administration of To prevent infection

the drug.

5. Raise the side rails of the bed To prevent injury because this drug may cause

dizziness, drowsiness, fatigue and weakness.

6. Instruct patient to increase oral fluid To prevent constipation

intake and foods rich in fiber such as

fruits and green-leafy vegetables.

7. Instruct patient to perform frequent oral To minimize dry mouth

rinses and good oral hygiene.

 8. Document the time and date of For legal purposes and to provide information that

administration of drug. the procedure has been rendered to the patient

Date Ordered : December 7, 2018 8am

Ordering Physician : Dr. Junnelyn Candemas

Generic Name : Fluororacil

Classification : Antimetabolites

Dosage, Route, Frequency : 1 gm + D5W for 24hours

Mechanism of Action: Inhibits DNA and RNA synthesis by preventing thymidine production (cell-cycle

S-phase-specific).

Desired Effect: This drug was given to the patient to induce death of rapidly replicating cells, particularly

malignant ones.

NURSING RESPONSIBILITIES RATIONALE

1. Verify Doctor’s Order To prevent committing mistake, as to the name of

the drug to be administered, dosage, route and

frequency

2. Observe 12 R’s in drug administration To administer drug effectively and efficiently

3. Inform the patient as well as the To gain cooperation and helps in alleviating their

significant other about the side effect, anxiety.

adverse effect and therapeutic effect of

this drug
 4. Disinfect the site before administration of To prevent infection

the drug.

5. Advise patient to have a small frequent To prevent the episodes of nausea and vomiting

feeding

6. Advise patient to rinse mouth after eating To minimize stomatitis

and drinking.

7. Document the time and date of For legal purposes and to provide information that

administration of drug. the procedure has been rendered to the patient

Date Ordered : December 7, 2018 8am

Ordering Physician : Dr. Junnelyn Candemas

Generic Name : Cisplatin

Classification : Antineoplastics

Dosage, Route, Frequency : 130mg + 500cc D5W x 2 hours

Mechanism of Action: Inhibits DNA synthesis by producing cross-linking of parent DNA strands (cell-

cycle phase-nonspecific)

Desired Effect: This drug was given to the patient to induce death of rapidly replicating cells, particularly

malignant ones.
 NURSING RESPONSIBILITIES RATIONALE

1. Verify Doctor’s Order To prevent committing mistake, as to the name of

the drug to be administered, dosage, route and

frequency

2. Observe 12 R’s in drug administration To administer drug effectively and efficiently

3. Inform the patient as well as the To gain cooperation and helps in alleviating their

significant other about the side effect, anxiety.

adverse effect and therapeutic effect of

this drug

4. Disinfect the site before administration of To prevent infection

the drug.

5. Assess patient for bleeding and infection This drug may cause bone marrow depression

causing a high risk for bleeding and infection.

Thus, to render immediate intervention.

6. Raise the side rails of the bed To prevent injury because this drug may cause

seizures

7. Document the time and date of For legal purposes and to provide information that

administration of drug. the procedure has been rendered to the patient