Groups :

1. Delitya Islamy Putrie : F1021171027

2. Siti Eriyanti Mahpiyani : F1021171034

Instructions :
1. Flow of information in paragraphs
2. Read the following text. Draw a diagram to illustrate the flow of information
in the paragraphs

Nature of Gases, Liquids and Solids

Gases are made up of particles which move with rapid random motion. The size of the
particles and any intermolecular forces can be ignored unless the particles are close together at
high pressure or at low temperature. In liquids, the particles are in a state of order intermediate
between that of a gas and that of a solid. At any instant in time the arrangement of particles
resembles a somewhat disordered solid. Over a period of time the disordered regions allow all the
particles in the liquid to move through the liquid. The particles are held together by forces similar
to those in a solid. In solids, the particles remain in fixed positions, about which they can vibrate.
The forces which hold the particles together can be ionic attractions, covalent bonds, metallic
bonds, hydrogen bonds, dipole-dipole forces or van der Waals' forces. Heat energy is required to
change a solid into a liquid at its melting point. The energy is used to loosen the forces which hold
the particles together. This heat energy is called the enthalpy of fusion. More energy is needed to
change phase from a liquid into a gas than to change from a solid into a liquid. The energy is used
to overcome the forces which hold the particles together so that the particles can be completely
separated. This heat energy is called the enthalpy of vaporisation.
 Diagram:

States of Matter

Gases Liquids Solids

Made up of The size of the The The The The forces which hold
particles particles and particles are particles are particles the particles together can
which any in a state of held remain in be:
move with intermolecular order together by fixed
1. Ionic attraction
rapid forces can be intermediate forces positions
2. Covalent bonds
random ignored unless between that similar to about
3. Metallic bonds
motion. the particles of a gas and those in a which they
4. Hydrogen bonds
are close that of a solid. can vibrate.
5. Dipole-dipole
together at solid. forces
high pressure 6. Van der Waals'
or at low forces.
temperature.
Heat energy is
required to change a
solid into a liquid at
its melting point.