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Padmavathi2013 PDF
Padmavathi2013 PDF
Padmavathi2013 PDF
Abstract— Today’s Power system is more complex and operation in terms of power flow, stability limits with
consequently it would lead to less security. To meet the demand advanced control technologies in the existing power systems.
and better security levels with existing transmission lines, the FACTS devices can be categorized into three types, such as
Flexible AC Transmission System (FACTS) devices are one of the series compensators for controlling line flows, shunt
alternates. In this paper a Newton Raphson(NR) algorithm was
compensators for controlling bus voltages and combined
developed to find out the best operating point of a Static Var
Compensator(SVC) for the enhancement of system security. The series-shunt compensators [11].
proposed algorithm minimizes the security index iteratively. Static Var Compensator (SVC) is one among the different
Security index indicates the overload level of transmission lines. FACTS controllers introduced to improve the bus voltage with
The proposed algorithm is verified by IEEE 5 bus system. Line system security. SVC can be placed in order to control the bus
power flows and bus voltages and bus angles are obtained by the voltage based on variable susceptance. Here, the Security
Newton Raphson algorithm and the security index is calculated index is related to bus voltage and is minimized by an iterative
for both the cases with and without SVC. The results show that algorithm. The index would increase as the bus voltages
the voltage profile can be enhanced and the security margin reduces or increases w.r.t to nominal voltage. Therefore it can
increased by applying the proposed algorithm.
Key words— Flexible AC Transmission System (FACTS),
be said that if the index increases, the system security margin
Newton Raphson Algorithm(NR), Security Index(SI), Static Var will decrease. So by minimizing the security index we can
Compensator (SVC). improve the security [1]
I.INTRODUCTION
II.POWER SYSTEM SECURITY
In the present scenario, most of the power systems in the
Power system security is the ability to maintain the flow of
developing countries with large interconnected networks share
electricity from the generators to the customers, under sudden
the generation reserves to increase the reliability of the power
disturbed conditions such as electric short circuits or
system. However, the increasing complexities of large
unanticipated loss of system elements. The measures of power
interconnected networks had fluctuations in reliability of power
system security are amounts, duration and frequency of
supply, which resulted in system instability, difficult to control
customer outages [10]. Maintaining power system security is
the power flows, bus voltages and security problems that
one of the major challenges facing transmission system
resulted large number of blackouts in different parts of the
operators today. Reliable and secure operation of power
world. The reasons behind the above fault sequences may be
systems is a key to the success of deregulation.
due to the systematical errors in planning and operation, weak
interconnection of the power system, lack of maintenance or III.BUS VOLTAGE CONTROL IN POWER SYSTEMS
due to overload of the network. [8] AND SECURITY INDEX
To overcome these problems and to provide the desired Most of the electrical power systems in the world are
power flow and bus voltages along the transmission line with widely interconnected due to economic reasons to reduce the
better system security and reliability, new transmission lines cost of electricity and to improve system stability and
installation is required. However, the installation of new reliability. Because of the increasing complexity of power
transmission lines with the large interconnected power system
system, the challenge to meet the high quality power supply in
are limited to some of the factors like economic cost, a power system is highly desirable.
environment related issues. These complexities in installing
To overcome the power system limitations like Thermal,
new transmission lines in a power system challenges the
Voltage and Transient Stability limits, advanced controller
power engineers to research on the ways to increase the power
devices provide techniques to maintain system stability and to
flow with the existing transmission line without reduction in
reduce losses [11].
system security.The application of FACTS devices becomes
Different types of power controlling devices are:
an alternative.[8]
1. Phase Shifting Transformer (PST)
FACTS provides[3][5] the ability to increase the
2. High Voltage Direct Current (HVDC) Transmission
controllability and to improve the transmission system
,(((
,((($VLD3DFLILF&RQIHUHQFHRQ3RVWJUDGXDWH5HVHDUFKLQ0LFURHOHFWURQLFVDQG(OHFWURQLFV3ULPH$VLD
n 2
Where
i: Bus number B.ShuntVaribleSuseptanceModelofSVC:
Wi : weighing factor
V k
JV : Security index which means how much the bus voltage
Isvc
nearer to the ref voltage
Vref ,i : Nominal voltage
Bsvc
TCR or TSR is composed of a shunt connected reactor and At the end of kth iteration the susceptance value can be
controlled by two parallel connected thyristors.In the same updated as follows.
K
way TSC is composed of a shunt connected capacitor K K −1 § ΔB · K −1
controlled by two parallel connected thyristors.So SVC can BSVC = B SVC + ¨ SVC ¸ BSVC
absorb or generate the reactive power to control the bus © BSVC ¹
voltage to within the limits. The Susceptance value is varied in the Newton Raphson Load
flow problem as a state variable until to get the voltage
magnitude to the specified value.
,((($VLD3DFLILF&RQIHUHQFHRQ3RVWJUDGXDWH5HVHDUFKLQ0LFURHOHFWURQLFVDQG(OHFWURQLFV3ULPH$VLD
2 5 Jref
G >Jnew
,((($VLD3DFLILF&RQIHUHQFHRQ3RVWJUDGXDWH5HVHDUFKLQ0LFURHOHFWURQLFVDQG(OHFWURQLFV3ULPH$VLD
VII.CONCLUSION
In this paper, a standard 5-bus network is considered and
power flow program with SVC is simulated in MATLAB.
From the satisfactory results it has been observed that the
voltage profile is improved to a pre-specified value. The
power flows are slightly increased. So, it can be concluded
that after the incorporation of SVC the voltage profile
improves and also the performance of SVC operating point