PROBLEM 3.

94
A 25-lb force acting in a vertical plane parallel to the yz plane is applied
to the 8-in.-long horizontal handle AB of a socket wrench. Replace the
force with an equivalent force-couple system at the origin O of the
coordinate system.

SOLUTION
Have

ΣF : PB = F

where

PB = 25 lb  − ( sin 20° ) j + ( cos 20° ) k 

= − ( 8.5505 lb ) j + ( 23.492 lb ) k

or F = − ( 8.55 lb ) j + ( 23.5 lb ) k

Have

ΣM O : rB/O × PB = M O

where

rB/O = ( 8cos 30° ) i + (15 ) j − ( 8sin 30° ) k  in.

= ( 6.9282 in.) i + (15 in.) j − ( 4 in.) k

i j k
∴ 6.9282 15 −4 lb ⋅ in. = M O
0 −8.5505 23.492

M O = ( 318.18 ) i − (162.757 ) j − ( 59.240 ) k  lb ⋅ in.

or M O = ( 318 lb ⋅ in.) i − (162.8 lb ⋅ in.) j − ( 59.2 lb ⋅ in.) k

 PROBLEM 3.95
A 315-N force F and 70-N · m couple M are applied to corner A of the
block shown. Replace the given force-couple system with an equivalent
force-couple system at corner D.

SOLUTION
Have
ΣF : F = FD

= λ AI F

( 0.360 m ) i − ( 0.120 m ) j + ( 0.180 m ) k

= ( 315 N )
0.420 m
= ( 750 N )( 0.360i − 0.120 j + 0.180k )

or FD = ( 270 N ) i − ( 90.0 N ) j + (135.0 N ) k

Have
ΣM D : M + rI /D × F = M D

where
M = λ AC M

( 0.240 m ) i − ( 0.180 m ) k
= ( 70.0 N ⋅ m )
0.300 m
= ( 70.0 N ⋅ m )( 0.800i − 0.600k )

rI /D = ( 0.360 m ) k

i j k
∴ MD = ( 70.0 N ⋅ m )( 0.8i − 0.6k ) + 0 0 0.36 ( 750 N ⋅ m )
0.36 −0.12 0.18

= ( 56.0 N ⋅ m ) i − ( 42.0 N ⋅ m ) k + ( 32.4 N ⋅ m ) i + ( 97.2 N ⋅ m ) j

or M D = ( 88.4 N ⋅ m ) i + ( 97.2 N ⋅ m ) j − ( 42.0 N ⋅ m ) k

 PROBLEM 3.96
The handpiece of a miniature industrial grinder weighs 2.4 N, and its
center of gravity is located on the y axis. The head of the handpiece is
offset in the xz plane in such a way that line BC forms an angle of 25°
with the x direction. Show that the weight of the handpiece and the two
couples M1 and M 2 can be replaced with a single equivalent force.
Further assuming that M1 = 0.068 N ⋅ m and M 2 = 0.065 N ⋅ m,
determine (a) the magnitude and the direction of the equivalent force,
(b) the point where its line of action intersects the xz plane.

SOLUTION
First assume that the given force W and couples M1 and M 2 act at the
origin.

Now W = −Wj

and M = M1 + M 2 = − ( M 2 cos 25° ) i + ( M1 − M 2 sin 25° ) k

Note that since W and M are perpendicular, it follows that they can be
replaced with a single equivalent force.

(a) Have F =W or F = −Wj = − ( 2.4 N ) j

or F = − ( 2.40 N ) j

(b) Assume that the line of action of F passes through point P (x, 0, z).

Then for equivalence

M = rP/O × F

where rP/O = xi + zk

∴ − ( M 2 cos 25° ) i + ( M1 − M 2 sin 25° ) k

i j k
= x 0 z = (Wz ) i − (Wx ) k
0 −W 0
PROBLEM 3.96 CONTINUED

Equating the i and k coefficients,

−M z cos 25°  M − M 2 sin 25° 

z = and x = − 1 
W  W 

(b) For W = 2.4 N, M1 = 0.068 N ⋅ m, M 2 = 0.065 N ⋅ m

0.068 − 0.065sin 25°

x= = −0.0168874 m
−2.4

or x = −16.89 mm

−0.065cos 25°
z = = −0.024546 m
2.4

or z = −24.5 mm
 PROBLEM 3.97
A 20-lb force F1 and a 40- lb ⋅ ft couple M1 are applied to corner E of the
bent plate shown. If F1 and M1 are to be replaced with an equivalent
force-couple system ( F2 , M 2 ) at corner B and if ( M 2 ) z = 0, determine
(a) the distance d, (b) F2 and M 2.

SOLUTION

(a) Have ΣM Bz : M 2 z = 0

( )
k ⋅ rH /B × F1 + M1z = 0 (1)

where rH /B = ( 31 in.) i − ( 2 in.) j

F1 = λ EH F1

( 6 in.) i + ( 6 in.) j − ( 7 in.) k

= ( 20 lb )
11.0 in.
20 lb
= ( 6i + 6 j − 7k )
11.0
M1z = k ⋅ M1

M1 = λ EJ M1

−di + ( 3 in.) j − ( 7 in.) k

= ( 480 lb ⋅in.)
d 2 + 58 in.
Then from Equation (1),
0 0 1
20 lb ⋅ in. ( −7 )( 480 lb ⋅ in.)
31 −2 0 + =0
6 6 −7
11.0 d 2 + 58
 PROBLEM 3.97 CONTINUED

Solving for d, Equation (1) reduces to

20 lb ⋅ in. 3360 lb ⋅ in.
(186 + 12 ) − 2 =0
11.0 d + 58
From which d = 5.3955 in.
or d = 5.40 in.
20 lb
(b) F2 = F1 = ( 6i + 6 j − 7k )
11.0
= (10.9091i + 10.9091j − 12.7273k ) lb

or F2 = (10.91 lb ) i + (10.91 lb ) j − (12.73 lb ) k

M 2 = rH /B × F1 + M1

i j k
20 lb ⋅ in. ( −5.3955 ) i + 3j − 7k
= 31 −2 0 + ( 480 lb ⋅ in.)
11.0 9.3333
6 6 −7

= ( 25.455i + 394.55 j + 360k ) lb ⋅ in.

+ ( −277.48i + 154.285 j − 360k ) lb ⋅ in.

M 2 = − ( 252.03 lb ⋅ in.) i + ( 548.84 lb ⋅ in.) j

or M 2 = − ( 21.0 lb ⋅ ft ) i + ( 45.7 lb ⋅ ft ) j
 PROBLEM 3.98
A 4-ft-long beam is subjected to a variety of loadings. (a) Replace each
loading with an equivalent force-couple system at end A of the beam.
(b) Which of the loadings are equivalent?

SOLUTION
(a) Have ΣFy : − 200 lb − 100 lb = Ra
(a)
or R a = 300 lb

and ΣM A : 900 lb ⋅ ft − (100 lb )( 4 ft ) = M a

or M a = 500 lb ⋅ ft

(b) Have ΣFy : − 300 lb = Rb

or R b = 300 lb

and ΣM A : − 450 lb ⋅ ft = M b

or M b = 450 lb ⋅ ft

(c) Have ΣFy : 150 lb − 450 lb = Rc

or R c = 300 lb

and ΣM A : 2250 lb ⋅ ft − ( 450 lb )( 4 ft ) = M c

or M c = 450 lb ⋅ ft

(d) Have ΣFy : − 200 lb + 400 lb = Rd

or R d = 200 lb

and ΣM A : ( 400 lb )( 4 ft ) − 1150 lb ⋅ ft = Md

or M d = 450 lb ⋅ ft

(e) Have ΣFy : − 200 lb − 100 lb = Re

or R e = 300 lb

and ΣM A : 100 lb ⋅ ft + 200 lb ⋅ ft − (100 lb )( 4 ft ) = M e

or M e = 100 lb ⋅ ft
 PROBLEM 3.98 CONTINUED

(f) Have ΣFy : − 400 lb + 100 lb = R f

or R f = 300 lb

and ΣM A : −150 lb ⋅ ft + 150 lb ⋅ ft + (100 lb )( 4 ft ) = M f

or M f = 400 lb ⋅ ft

(g) Have ΣFy : −100 lb − 400 lb = Rg

or R g = 500 lb

and ΣM A : 100 lb ⋅ ft + 2000 lb ⋅ ft − ( 400 lb )( 4 ft ) = M g

or M g = 500 lb ⋅ ft

(h) Have ΣFy : −150 lb − 150 lb = Rh

or R h = 300 lb

and ΣM A : 1200 lb ⋅ ft − 150 lb ⋅ ft − (150 lb )(4 ft ) = M h

or M h = 450 lb ⋅ ft
(b) Therefore, loadings (c) and (h) are equivalent
 PROBLEM 3.99
A 4-ft-long beam is loaded as shown. Determine the loading of Problem
3.98 which is equivalent to this loading.

SOLUTION
Have ΣFy : −100 lb − 200 lb = R

or R = 300 lb

and ΣM A : − 200 lb ⋅ ft + 1400 lb ⋅ ft − ( 200 lb )( 4 ft ) = M

or M = 400 lb ⋅ ft

Equivalent to case (f) of Problem 3.98

Problem 3.98 Equivalent force-couples at A

case R M

(a) 300 lb 500 lb ⋅ ft

(b) 300 lb 450 lb ⋅ ft

(c) 300 lb 450 lb ⋅ ft

(d ) 200 lb 450 lb ⋅ ft

(e) 300 lb 100 lb ⋅ ft

(f ) 300 lb 400 lb ⋅ ft

(g ) 500 lb 500 lb ⋅ ft

(h) 300 lb 450 lb ⋅ ft

 PROBLEM 3.100
Determine the single equivalent force and the distance from point A to its
line of action for the beam and loading of (a) Problem 3.98b,
(b) Problem 3.98d, (c) Problem 3.98e.
Problem 3.98: A 4-ft-long beam is subjected to a variety of loadings.
(a) Replace each loading with an equivalent force-couple system at end A
of the beam. (b) Which of the loadings are equivalent?

SOLUTION
For equivalent single force at distance d from A
(a)
Have ΣFy : − 300 lb = R

or R = 300 lb

and ΣM C : ( 300 lb )( d ) − 450 lb ⋅ ft =0

or d = 1.500 ft
(b)
Have ΣFy : − 200 lb + 400 lb = R

or R = 200 lb

and ΣM C : ( 200 lb )( d ) + ( 400 lb )( 4 − d ) − 1150 lb ⋅ ft =0

or d = 2.25 ft

Have ΣFy : − 200 lb − 100 lb = R

(c)
or R = 300 lb

and ΣM C : 100 lb ⋅ ft + ( 200 lb )( d ) − (100 lb )( 4 − d ) + 200 lb ⋅ ft = 0

or d = 0.333 ft