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Disease/Condition Differentiating Signs/Symptoms Differentiating Tests

Infectious Infection with Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) may EBV: IgM serology and Paul Bunnell positive.
mononucleosis resemble features of HIV acute seroconversion
illness with fever, lymphadenopathy, HIV test negative.
pharyngitis, and maculopapular rash.

Cytomegalovirus May resemble HIV acute seroconversion illness CMV serology positive.
infection (CMV) with fever, lymphadenopathy, rash, and
splenomegaly. HIV test negative.

Influenza infection No specific differentiating signs; viral infections Influenza viral culture or nucleic acid
such as influenza may resemble acute test (nasopharyngeal or respiratory sample) positive
seroconversion illness with fever, pharyngitis,
and lymphadenopathy. HIV test negative.

Common cold No specific differentiating signs; viral infections HIV test negative.
such as the common cold may resemble acute
seroconversion illness with fever, pharyngitis,
and lymphadenopathy.

Viral hepatitis Right upper quadrant abdominal pain, jaundice. Elevated liver function tests.
Hepatitis B or C serology positive.
HIV test negative.

Secondary syphilis Fever, malaise, pharyngitis, lymphadenopathy, Venereal disease research laboratory test positive.
maculopapular rash. Condylomata lata on
genital areas and oral ulcers. May have been Treponema pallidum hemagglutination test positive.
preceded by painless genital chancre and HIV test negative.
inguinal lymphadenopathy (primary syphilis).
Can coexist with HIV.

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