MC180403001

Assignment 1

Question no 1
Show that the following argument form is invalid.

p→q

~p

∴ ~q Premise
conclusion
Premise
Answer
p q p→q ~p ~q

T T T F F

T F F F T

F T T T F

F F T T T

Since the conclusion is false when all the premises are true, so the argument is invalid.

Question No 2
Let A and B be subsets of U, then prove (𝐴 𝑈 𝐵)’ = 𝐴’⋂ 𝐵’

Answer
Let x ∈(A∪B)’

⇒ x ∉ A∪B (definition of complement)

x ∉A and x ∉ B (DeMorgan’s Law of Logic)

⇒ x ∈A’ and x ∈ B’ (definition of complement)

⇒ x ∈A’∩ B’ (definition of intersection)

But x is an arbitrary element of (A∪B) c so we have proved that

∴ (A ∪ B)’ ⊆ A’∩B’……… (1)

MTH201
MC180403001

Conversely

Let

y ∈ A’∩B’

⇒ y ∈A’ and y ∈ B’ (definition of intersection)

⇒ y ∉A and y ∉ B (definition of complement)

⇒ y ∉A ∪ B (DeMorgan’s Law of Logic)

⇒ y ∈ (A ∪ B)’ (definition of complement)

But y is an arbitrary element of A’ ∩ B’

∴ A’∩ B’ ⊆ (A ∪ B)’ ……………… (2)

From (1) and (2) we have

(A ∪ B) ‘= A’∩B’

MTH201