Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Action Plan: FOR Performance Based Seismic Design
Action Plan: FOR Performance Based Seismic Design
FEMA-349!Anril 2000
FEDERAL EMERGENCY MANAGEMENT AGENCY
gl
l l
a
I ACTION PLAN
FOR
PERFORMANCE BASED
I
SEISMIC DESIGN
1k
FEMA contracted with the Earthquake Engineering Research Institute (EERI) (contract
number EMW-92-K-3955, Task 13) to solicit the input of the nation's leading seismic
professionals in developing an action plan that could be used to develop performance-
based seismic design criteria. This project and the resulting action plan have gone a long
way in identifying key issues that will need to be addressed in this process.
This action plan builds upon a similar effort that FEMA funded in 1993 with the Earthquake
Engineering Research Center, now the Pacific Earthquake Engineering Research Center
(PEER). The end product of that study was a similar plan, "Performance Based Seismic
Design of Buildings" (FEMA-283), published by FEMA in September 1996. The material in
that plan had an emphasis on the research that would be required, and has in fact been
used by PEER inthe last several years as the basis for their research work inthis arena.
While this action plan does an excellent job of describing the requirements that would be
needed to successfully develop performance based seismic design criteria, FEMA does
has some concerns, such as the proposed budget, which exceeds what FEMA is capable
of devoting within the recomended time frame. FEMA is planning to identify some of the
key elements of the plan and to begin to address them through a series of projects under
its Problem Focused Studies program. However, without additional specific funding for
this plan, it will be very difficult to accomplish the entire plan. To avoid further delay,
FEMA has decided to publish this document as a "final draft for informational purposes
only. Publication of this document in no way obligates this or any other Federal agency to
any portion of plan contained herein. The information and opinions contained inthis
document are solely those of EERI and the project participants and do not necessarily
represent the views of FEMA.
In closing, FEMA sincerely wishes to express its, gratitude to all who were involved in this
project. The results of their hard work will play an important role as this country moves
forward towards performance-based seismic design and reducing the losses suffered by
this nation's citizens after the next earthquake.
FOR
Executive Summary
Prepare
Federal
By the
Earthqu
Action Plan for Performance Based Seismic Design
Table of Contents
Vi
References ...........................................................................................
some nonstructural damage, [and] a major Current codes clearly serve an essential
level of earthquake.. without collapse."3 and effective role in protecting building
occupants. The design basis of the code is
Deaths in recent California earthquakes intended to provide a basic level of safety
have been few, showing that the intent of and a relatively economical means by
the code has been met. However, there is which to construct buildings. However,
a major misperception on the part of many using current code methods to design and
owners, insurers, lending institutions and build to a higher level of performance may
government agencies about the expected add significantly to a project's cost.
performance of a code conforming
building. This has led to losses that were Stakeholders, however, have become
unexpected and in many cases financially painfully aware of the financial and social
ruinous. Building stakeholders--those with consequences of earthquakes and are
a financial or social interest in the built demanding that practical and cost-effective
environment--who expect that their means be developed to address the issues
buildings are "earthquake proof" because of damage control and loss reduction.
they meet the code, have often been very
disappointed. It must be said, too, that The community of design
none of these recent events has been of professionals needs to be able to
an intensity that would typically be respond to this demand with the
considered catastrophic. Catastrophic development of design and
temblors with a magnitude similar to the evaluation methodologies that
1812 New Madrid or 1906 San Francisco look at a broad range of building
earthquakes will now likely result in losses performance and construction
several times larger than anything techniques.
previously experienced if they occur in a
densely populated area. Current codes represent an evolution of
prescriptive rules that have changed every
Many building owners are unaware of the three years as more is learned about
tradeoffs they face when using the current building behavior. The expected
state of design practice. Interestingly, performance of new code designed
people make similar tradeoffs with more buildings is poorly understood, and
everyday choices. For example, the probably inconsistent among building
number of highway fatalities could be types. It is currently difficult for rational
dramatically reduced if everyone drove advanced design techniques and
tanks. Yet most people are unwilling or innovative systems to be fit into the code
cannot afford to do so, and instead accept framework. It is also difficult to apply
the increased risk of driving a car. building codes for new buildings to
Consciously or not, car buyers perform evaluation and retrofit of existing buildings.
cost-benefit analyses when weighing the Special guidelines have been developed
risk of an accident against a car's cost. A for these purposes, potentially creating a
careful consumer may decide to spend double standard.
more to buy a safer car or he may opt to
spend the same amount of money, but Performance Based Seismic Design
research much more closely the safety (PBSD) is a methodology that provides a
records of similarly priced cars. This means to more reliably predict seismic risk
consumer is reducing risk either by in all buildings in terms more useful to
increasing his investment or by reducing building users. It permits owners to:
his uncertainty.
ii
Action Plan for Performance Based Seismic Design
iii
Action Plan for Performance Based Seismic Design
What is Performance
Based Seismic Design
(PBSD)?
PBSD differs from current codes in that it more than just technical documents. The
focuses on a building's individuai Plan calls for going beyond earlier and
pedormance. It provides a road map that more purely analytical performance based
permits design professionals, owners and efforts by creating education and
other stakeholders to learn more about a implementation programs to bring all
building's performance in different stakeholders on board
earthquakes, and implement a design that
optimizes design and construction costs This Plan is to be used by the teams
with respect to life-cycle performance. In developing the guidelines. It will provide a
its broadest sense, PBSD creates global mechanism to ensure that the goals of
planning opportunities for reducing PBSD are being tracked. It encourages
economic and social losses to whole creativity while capturing the required
communities, regions and states. elements of a successful program. For
each of the products, a proposed budget
To implement PBSD several issues must and schedule are presented. A priority is
be resolved. PBSD will change the way assigned to individual tasks so that the
stakeholders look at the built environment. program can be tailored to an overall
It will require a comprehensive effort to funding level.
bring the various interested parties to a
consensus. Six challenges to adoption A Successful Use of
exist. They are:
Products Necessary to
Implement Performance
-
I
I
Based Seismic Design
vi
Action Plan for Performance Based Seismic Design
Viii
Action Plan for Performance Based Seismic Design
Cost Product Year Year Year Year Year Year Year Year Year Year
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Q I n
viii
Action Plan for Performance Based Seismic Design
References
* 72~
~ ~~ ~ ~ ~~
ACTION PLAN
FOR
Action Plan
Prepare
Federal
By the
Earthqu
Deceml:
Action Plan for Performance Based Seismic Design
_i
I !Project Participants
I
Action Plan for Performance Based Seismic Design
i I .~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
Project Participants ..
I
Table of Contents.. 2
Introduction ..
3
Product Summary ..
5
Conclusion .58
References .59
2
Action Plan for Performance Based Seismic Design
I
Introduction
3
Action Plan for Performance Based Seismic Design
4
Action Plan for Performance Based Seismic Design
1Product Summary
5
Action Plan for Performance Based Seismic Design
6
Action Plan for Performance Based Seismic Design
7
Action Plan for Performance Based Seismic Design
8
Action Plan for Performance Based Seismic Design
9
Action Plan for Performance Based Seismic Design
YEAR 1
YEAR 2
tt 5.1: ~, performance, p--rformance, I' Dl
YEAR 3
Guidelines Format
~~G
-
0 Inte rim Poet EQ
I~~~~program
rorta
i 7
- 0
7
2.2, 2.3, 2 .1, 32, 3.,
luantify Quantify 6.1:
rmance and, performanc 4.1: 4.5 Iuide conter
ird, Repor , Report and Quar
N N irforman
YEAR 4 E \ I
"I/ nhieativea :,
YEAR 5
02
0 E
_
g
-M-
a
Veri ication, ix.
...... y
rmance
/
3.2, 3.4:
nIti~
pertorman
hazard estingProf
* 6.2, 6.6:
'
0
.ig and analysis methods, \
a- sis methods, Testing rot(
YEAR 7 ability tools, define 6.2, 6.5, 6.6:
E Report ' responsibil Financial tools, PC
a I> Report maintenance,
~0 Jmlwok Verification, 50%
a2 >, r m,
r r
E: I
YEAR 8
0
\
\ ~.
/~
"
Devel.".I
/ :47 3 .s 3 4-
1 \ -
I A
(00
A A
E
_I
oM
na
Provisions,
Lr~ilo \
/7 7 7 9 7 4 7 fi /
/
' fiads,\ , Reporcte
)esign nd-. \|nalsis methods,| ..eot............
10
Action Plan for Performance Based Seismic Design
Layout of Product
Sections
11
Action Plan for Performance Based Seismic Design
-i %
12
Action Plan for Performance Based Seismic Design
13
Action Plan for Performance Based Seismic Design
14
Action Plan for Performance Based Seismic Design
15
Action Plan for Performance Based Seismic Design
n~:
:2.
:~~ ~SX-:u f groups
_
Description: Description:
The steering committee will convene a The steering committee will identify
series of workshops with stakeholder interested parties from all the
representatives through which several stakeholder communities and bring
issues will be resolved. These include them into the PBSD development
identifying the most important concerns process. The team will establish regular
owners and other financial stakeholders lines of communication and
have when managing risk, and the dissemination of information. It may tap
benefits that these stakeholders expect from these parties, people to serve on
from PBSD (reducing construction other task teams.
costs, optimizing overall life-cycle costs,
developing a building rating system, The steering committee will hold a
minimizing down-time, etc.). The team series of meetings with the
will also identify the positive and stakeholders' groups throughout the
negative aspects of current codes and project to gauge and review the
design standards from design, cost and progress of the project. The goals will
usability points of view. The workshops be to present the status of the project to
will also focus on establishing levels of the stakeholders, to insure that the
analysis and design complexity. This project continues to address their needs
will require that a broad section of the and to give them a voice in refining the
stakeholder communities be involved. A project's direction. To achieve the most
goal is to be able to quantify the level of efficiency, the meetings should be
effort that will be required of the conducted by professional facilitators.
designers in terms of cost, time and The team will establish recording
sophistication, so as to be as flexible as procedures and formats for agendas,
possible. The team will reach a presentations, minutes, etc. The team
16
Action Plan for Performance Based Seismic Design
will collect and disseminate the owners, financial interests and material
information developed in the meetings. suppliers. Italso must reach users in all
regions of the country.
The steering committee will make a
special effort to remain in contact with The steering committee will develop
the stakeholders' groups throughout the core teaching materials and identify
project with correspondence, ad hoc funding sources to provide ongoing
meetings, etc. so that at no point does educational efforts. Training materials
the project disconnect itself from their should be professionally developed and
input. Gaining broad acceptance of be of the highest quality. The team will
PBSD will only be possible through identify and train teachers from a broad
continual interaction with the people range of backgrounds to present the
who will be using it. material. The team will be composed of
experts with specialization in outreach,
Personnel: Design professionals, dissemination, and education. Itwill
Researchers, Financial receive input from the design
interests. Owners, professionals, researchers and others
Contractors, Material who have developed the technical and
suppliers, Building end-use products.
officials, Government
agencies The steering committee must also reach
indirect stakeholders such as building
Priority: Essential occupants, regulatory agencies and the
Budget: $600,000 public at large. Material should utilize
Duration: On a regular basis various media to clearly explain PBSD.
throughout the project. The team will identify funding sources to
permit an ongoing outreach effort
beyond the ten-year duration set forth in
Task 1.4- Develop education this Action Plan.
and incentive programs
Personnel: Outside experts with
specialization in
outreach, dissemination,
Task 1.4.1 - Develop an and education. (Design
education program professionals,
Researchers,
Contractors, Material
suppliers, Financial
Description: interests, Owners,
Building officials,
The steering committee will disseminate Government agencies)
information about PBSD to users. This
will be accomplished with a variety of Priority: Essential
teaching tools including, publications, Budget: $1,300,000
Duration: 6 years
tutorials, seminars, workshops,
continuing education classes,
multimedia tools, etc. The team will
make a concerted effort to reach those
outside the engineering community,
including architects, contractors,
17
Action Plan for Performance Based Seismic Design
Description:
Description:
The steering committee will establish a
collaborative program by which the The steering committee will write a plan
benefits of using PBSD will be spread for the division of responsibility between
among all the stakeholders involved. It designers, contractors, manufacturers,
will identify funding sources, both private installers and owners so that at all
and public, which will offer incentives for :-stages of a building's life, responsibility
using PBSD, especially in the.short term for the seismic performance of the
when it is still seen as an emerging structural and nonstructural components
technology. is maintained. It will identify the effects
that this division will have on these
The steering committee will establish groups, practically, financially and with
cooperative relationships between respect to liability. The team will develop
buyers, sellers and installers, to develop a "hand-off" program so that information
better performing nonstructural is smoothly passed between groups. A
components. Among these three groups goal of this task will be to find ways for
sources will be identified to create a each of these groups to work
fund for developing innovative designs. collaboratively toward the same ends.
18
Action Plan for Performance Based Seismic Design
Challenges
0S
19
Action Plan for Performance Based Seismic Design
PRODUCT 2- Structural
Performance Products:
20
Action Plan or Performance Based Seismic Design
Description:
Task 2.1.1 - Assess the state of Once gaps in existing knowledge have
the art in structural been identified, the group will develop a
performance and analysis research plan to fill them. The goal will
be to develop a road map of research by
which the tasks within this Action Plan
can be accomplished. The plan will be
Description: detailed enough to be used by
stakeholders, laying out tasks and
The team will gather existing information schedules. An effort will be made to
on structural analysis and design
identify outside sources of funding to
methods and identify gaps in current augment the budgets assigned to each
knowledge. A strong effort will be made task within the Plan, considering public
to use available information so that
and private resources.
research funding can be most efficiently
spent. The current state of the art Personnel: Design professionals,
should not define the scope of this Researchers,
project or limit the direction research
might take, but rather allow researchers Priority: Essential
to avoid unnecessary duplication of Budget: $150,000
effort. The team will also assess the Duration: 1 year
usefulness of available information on
material performance, component
acceptability, geotechnical parameters
and hazard quantification. An effort will Task 2.2 - Develop means by
be made to characterize the reliability of which tocharacterize, quantify
existing procedures and information. -and predict performance
i
_
Personnel: Design professionals,
Researchers
Description:
21
Action Plan for Performance Based Seismic Design
will decide what these terms mean in A strong effort will be dedicated to
relation to casualties, capital loss, down extrapolating component behavior,
time, and other important parameters. which is more clearly known, to building
Reaching a firm decision on behavior, which currently contains more
performance definitions is critical to the uncertainty. A goal will be to identify and
rest of the project. It therefore must quantify in practical terms criteria for
incorporate the opinions of all overall building performance.
stakeholders. Meetings among
stakeholder groups will be held to Personnel: Engineers, Researchers,
determine which measures of Material suppliers
performance are considered the most
important and how they relate to Priority: Essential
analytically predictable behavior. These Budget: $1,000,000
performance measures will later be Duration: Throughout the project
coupled with hazard information from
Task 2.3, to obtain performance and
overall design criteria.
Task 2.2.3 - Develop
Personnel: Design professionals, geotechnical predictors of
Researchers, Owners, building performance.
Buildina officials.
Governmen t agencies, Description:
Financial ini:erests
The team will gather and review existing
Priority: Essential information on the effects on building
Budget: $250,000 performance of subsurface conditions.
Duration: 2 years These will include the effects of soils,
soil-structure interaction, and
foundations. The team will identify gaps
Task 2.2.2 - Develop bui Iding in current knowledge. Research will be
and component acceptal rice targeted to fill in these gaps and will
criteria include both analytical and empirical
processes. A strong effort will be
dedicated to identifying ways to reduce
Description: uncertainties related to geotechnical and
substructure analysis and design.
The team will gather and r'eview existing
information on acceptance criteria, and Personnel: Engineers, Researchers,
identify gaps in current knc)wledge. Material suppliers
Research will be targeted, to fill in these
gaps and will include both analytical and Priority: Essential
empirical processes. Colla boration with Budget: $650,000
testing programs will be irriportant to Duration: Throughout the project
obtain useful information oin component
behavior.
-
Action Plan for Performance Based Seismic Design
Priority: Essential
Budget: $1,100,000
Duration: Throughout the project
Task 22.5 - Develop analytic
methodologies for achieving
performance levels
Task 2.2.6 - Develop analytical
predictors of existing building
Description: performance
The team will fill in the gaps in existing
Description:
knowledge identified in Task 2.1.1.
Research will consist primarily of
This effort will proceed in a similar
analytical efforts and development of
manner to Task 2.2.5, but will focus on
practical tools. The team will identify
existing buildings. The team will
promising new techniques and devote
research successful examples of retrofit
research to making them usable within
and identify features that should be
the PBSD framework. A forum will be
employed typically. It will quantify
held, bringing together engineers and
uncertainties within the existing built
building officials to discuss design and
environment.
analysis methodologies. The purpose of
this activity is to understand the broad
Personnel: Engineers, Researchers
range of engineering styles used
throughout the country. (Material suppliers)
23
Action Plan for Performance Based Seismic Design
Priority: Optimal
Budget: $650,000 Task 2.4 - Identify uncertainties
Duration: Throughout the project and develop practical means to
assess and increase
performance reliability
=
Task 2.3 - Develop hazard
quantification and prediction
methodologies Task 2.4.1 - Develop means to
check and increase reliability
Description:
Priority: Essential
Budget: $650,000
Duration: 6 years
24
Action Plan for Performance Based Seismic Design
Description: Description:
The team will evaluate design The team will identify separate sources
methodologies focusing on of funding, focusing on materials
constructability and repairability. The suppliers, to perform materials testing to
goal will be to identify structural systems fill in gaps in the current state of
that have predictable building knowledge. The effort will include
performance and can be well controlled evaluating and investigating component
in terms of quality. The team will also performance in terms of quantifiable
make a strong effort to identify structural parameters such as stress, strain,
systems that minimize repairability costs ductility, methods of preparation, etc.
following a major event, the goal being The goal is to establish measures of
to reduce an owners overall life-cycle performance that can be used in the
costs and downtime. analysis and design methodologies
described in previous tasks. The team
The team will identify design processes will develop testing protocols for
and construction techniques that reduce obtaining and cataloguing information.
quality or increase uncertainty in
building performance to discourage their Personnel: Design professionals,
use. Itwill develop specifications and Researchers, Materials
aids to assist designers, owners and suppliers
contractors in controlling quality during
construction. Itwill develop sample Priority: Essential
QA/QC programs using existing Budget: $400,000 (does not
information where possible. include testing)
Duration: 3 years
Personnel: Design professionals,
Researchers, Owners,
Building officials,
Contractors
Priority: Optimal
Budget: $500,000
Duration: 6 years
25
Action Plan for Performance Based Seismic Design
Description: Description:
The team will establish a program by This task will occur at milestones within
which information can be obtained from the research plan developed in Task
existing databases of structural 2.1.2 and in preparation for each of the
performance. The team will extract Guidelines development phases. The
relevant information and incorporate it team will gather the technical
into the study of component and system information and prepare reports and
acceptability criteria. The program will documents for the writers of the
be suitable to extend to future Guidelines. Coordination with the RMP
earthquakes, so that current information and NPP will occur to insure that
can continually be updated. The team information is presented in a consistent
will research existing building manner. Once the Guidelines teams
instrumentation efforts and identify have reviewed the work and identified
knowledge bases that can be accessed changes or refinements to the research
to retrieve information. An effort will be plan, this team will work with the
made to identify means by which research team for Task 2.1.2 to set out
important ground motion information can the goals for the next phase of research.
be extracted from existing and future
earthquake records. Personnel: Engineers, Researchers,
Material suppliers,
Personnel: Design professionals, Building officials,
Government agencies, Government agencies
Researchers, Earth
sciences community Priority: Essential
Budget: $500,000
Priority: Optimal Duration: Throughout the project
Budget: $300,000
Duration: 2 years
26
Action Plan for Performance Based Seismic Design
Challenges
The following list of issues will certainly a robust suite of records suitable for
not encompass all the challenges individual sites will be an important
surrounding the development of the part of the overall effort.
SPP, but they should be made a special Understanding the interaction of
focus of the development teams. earthquake sources, travel paths,
the site and the structure will also be
> Analysis and modeling a difficult challenge.
27
: Action Plan for Performance Based Seismic Design
: PRODUCT 3 - Nonstructural
: Performance Products 0
I I i
28
Action Plan for Performance Based Seismic Design
29
Action Plan for Performance Based Seismic Design
Priority: Essential
Budget: $250,000
Duration: 2 years
30
Action Plan for Performance Based Seismic Design
Task 3.1.3 - Develop a research The goal in this task is to set the
plan to advance the state-of-the performance parameters so that the
art evaluation and design methodologies
developed in later tasks can be targeted
to definitive numerical quantities.
Description: Personnel: Design professionals,
Researchers, Material
Once gaps in existing knowledge have suppliers (Government
been identified, the group will develop a agencies)
research plan to fill them. The goal will
be to develop a road map by which the Priority: Essential
tasks within this Action Plancan be Budget: $350,000
accomplished. The plan will be detailed Duration: Throughout the project
enough to be used by stakeholders,
laying out tasks and schedules. An
effort will be made to identify outside
sources of funding to augment the Task 3.2.2 - Develop demand
budgets assigned to each task with the prediction methodologies
Plan, considering public and private
resources.
Description:
Personnel: Researchers, Design
professionals, Material The team will develop processes to
suppliers calculate the demands on nonstructural
components based on their location
Priority: Essential within various building types. Itwill
Budget: $150,000 identify and describe in measurable
Duration: 1 year terms the parameters that have the
most important effects on these
demands (height above grade, building
Task 3.2 - Develop analysis stiffness, anchorage, etc.). The goal is
and design methodologies to be able to extrapolate from the basic
building acceleration, velocity and
displacement characteristics, the effects
on nonstructural components.
Task 3.2.1 - Quantify Personnel: Design professionals,
nonstructural performance Material suppliers,
levels Researchers
Priority: Essential
Budget: S450,000
Description: Duration: Throughout the project
31
Action Plan for Performance Based Seismic Design
Description: Description:
The team will fill in the gaps in existing The team will compare the design and
knowledge identified in earlier tasks. analysis methods of the SPP and NPP
Research will consist primarily of to ensure that they are compatible and
analytical efforts. The team will identify that they lead to the same measures
promising new techniques and devote and prediction of performance. The
research to making them applicable to team should check that the level of
the PBSD framework. A forum will be reliability is similar between the two and
held, bringing together design that structural and nonstructural
professionals and manufacturers to performance measures can be
discuss design and analysis combined to form overall performance
methodologies. goals for buildings. The team will also
make a focused effort to describe the
Following this, a strong effort will be functions of the SPP and NPP in relation
made to develop design and analysis to the overall goal of PBSD and of the
methodologies, consistent with the guidelines. A task will be to describe
efforts in the SPP. building behavior from both points of
view in technical and financial terms and
A focus will be on developing modeling identify where structure and
or other techniques to lend consistency nonstructure overlap or come in conflict.
to design and analysis. Modeling will
account for the range of computer Personnel: Design professionals,
applications currently available and Researchers, Material
anticipated in the future. It will also suppliers
account for the financial investments
various design engineers are able to Priority: Essential
make in obtaining modeling technology. Budget: $150,000
Duration: Throughout the project
Personnel: Design professionals,
Researchers, Material
suppliers (Government
agencies)
Priority: Essential
Budget: $850,000
Duration: Throughout the project
32
Action Plan for Performance Based Seismic Design
officials, Government
Task 3.3 - Establish separately agencies
funded testing and data
collection programs Priority: Optimal (does not include
- 0--
funds for extensive
testing)
Task 3.3.1 - Establish Budget: $1,000,000
comprehensive testing and Duration: 5 years
certification protocols
33
Action Plan for Performance Based Seismic Design
34
Action Plan for Performance Based Seismic Design
Challenges
> Administration
35
Action Plan for Performance Based Seismic Design
T hese products will provide in the SPP and NPP. Ways need to
T financial information for the be found to minimize these sources
Stakeholders' Guide and the PBSD of inaccuracy. Risk associated with
Guidelines. The goal will be to identify building performance should be
cost-benefit and other models by which quantified in relation to other
PBSD can deliver the most benefit to activities (such as fire, building
the users. The products will have three maintenance, revenue, etc.).
main areas of focus: Methods for more accurately
identifying risk and reaching
Methodologies for quantifiably acceptable risk levels need to be
defining performance objectives in developed.
terms of expected loss, risk and
stakeholder tolerance. Developing cost/benefit and other
financial analysis models.
The work will utilize the efforts of the
SPP and NPP. It will consider issues The philosophy behind PBSD
of damage costs, loss of operation, centers on being able to choose
risk tolerance, etc., with the from a range of performance
expectation of obtaining realistic objectives, to reliably meet the
design goals for stakeholders. financial goals and risk tolerance of
the stakeholders. Techniques for
Minimum performance objectives will determining and optimizing cost-
be established, considering the benefit ratios and other financial
broader social and economic drivers representations of construction are
that affect planning, design and important to achieving
construction decisions. An effort will implementation. Non-engineering
be made to consider the effects on groups need to have a complete
building performance of elements understanding of PBSD and its
outside the building envelope, such benefits. It is also important for
as infrastructure, utilities and other design professionals to understand
lifelines. the concepts of risk management.
36
Action Plan for Performance Based Seismic Design
The team will identify the various social Personnel: Design professionals,
and economic drivers that affect Researchers, Financial
decisions about designing to a particular interests, Owners, (Other
performance objective. The team will stakeholders)
evaluate issues of cost, safety,
construction duration, building function, Priority: Essential
etc. and will consider how each affect Budget: $400,000
the various stakeholders. The goal will Duration: 4 years
37
Action Plan for Performance Based Seismic Design
Priority: Essential
Budget: $150,000
Duration: 1 year
38
Action Plan for Performance Based Seismic Design
Description:
Description:
The team will develop a series of
The team will develop tools by which the example applications and will calibrate
costs of different retrofit measures and compare them against current
(existing buildings) or design criteria design techniques. Calibration
(new buildings) can be weighed against parameters will include cost, duration,
the expected reduction in loss and life- responsibility, liability, etc. The team will
cycle costs. A comparison of individual establish subgroups to carry out these
components will be necessary (such as studies, and will develop a standard
bolting down a wood building vs. bracing reporting method by which the results
sprinkler pipes). The combination of can be quantitatively compared. Ifthe
components into design systems will team decides that the results diverge
also be considered. Cost-benefit too significantly from existing
relationships need to be developed in methodologies, revisions to the
ways that can be calculated by design procedures will be made, or a schedule
professionals and are meaningful to for incremental application of the
owners and financial interests. Cost- procedures will be developed. The team
benefit ratios should be applicable to will develop methodologies to project
individual buildings or portfolios. The costs and other data into the future. In
goal should be to provide owners with this way, the information can function as
methods for performing economic loss a capital planning tool.
management of their facilities. Efforts
will be made to look at how this can be Personnel: Design professionals,
expanded to a regional basis. Researchers, Financial
interests
Personnel: Design professionals,
Researchers, Financial Priority: Essential
interests, Owners, Budget: $500,000
Government agencies Duration: Throughout the project
Priority: Optimal
Budget: $500,000
Duration: Throughout the project
39
Action Plan for Performance Based Seismic Design
40
Action Plan for Performance Based Seismic Design
PBSD more attractive to stakeholders 4.2.1 and in preparation for each of the
from a legal standpoint. Guidelines development phases. The
team will gather the technical
Personnel: Attorneys, Design information and prepare reports and
professionals, Financial documents for the writers of the
interests, Owners, Guidelines. Coordination with the SPP
Building officials, and NPP will occur to insure that
Government agencies information is presented in a consistent
manner. The team will coordinate
Priority: Optimal verification studies to be run on the
Budget: $250,000 analysis and design methodologies.
Duration: 2 years Once the Guidelines teams have
reviewed the work and identified
changes or refinements to the research
plan, this team will work with the
research team for Task 4.2.1 to set out
Task 4.5- Develop documents the goals for the next phase of research.
and reports for use in
PBSD Guidelines and Personnel: Design professionals,
Stakeholders' Guide Researchers, Financial
interests, Owners,
(Government agencies)
Priority: Essential
Description: Budget: $400,000
Duration: Throughout the project
This task will occur at milestones within
the research plan developed in Task
41
Action Plan for Performance Based Seismic Design
I : U 7 AL:A
| Challenges : :; ad4 :X:X;
I f kQ 0 ? | S0:f:00!t0 iffy
7 7 7 V : r V 7 rV 0 Ej - V V
.
_
I : : :
42
Action Plan for Performance Based Seismic Design
i PRODUCT 5 - PB;D
G:uidelines;::XX:::: : : ::::
43
Action Plan for Performance Based Seismic Design
44
Action Plan for Performance Based Seismic Design
Priority: Essential
Task 5.2 Develop design and Budget: '$1,200,000
analysis provisions Duration: Throughout the project
Description:
Description:
The team will write a technical
Using the analysis and design commentary to support the information
methodologies defined in the SPP and in the PBSD Guidelines. Itwill develop
NPP, the team will create design and the format of the commentary to track
analysis processes that take a building the outline of the Guidelines. The goal
through concepts into final design, of the commentary is to give specific
identifying major steps along the way. background on the development of the
Procedures will be developed for new procedures within the Guidelines and to
and retrofit conditions. The team will explain the concepts in technical terms.
develop minimum performance It should also contain many references
objectives to be included in the to allow users to obtain additional
standards based on the economic and guidance. The team will consider the
45
Action Plan for Performance Based Seismic Design
Personnel: Design professionals, The team will evaluate the effects of the
Owners, Building officials, resulting guidelines on each of the major
Government agencies stakeholders, looking at costs, level of
effort and responsibility. A series of
Priority: Optimal example applications will be developed
Budget: $200,000 and compared against current design
Duration: 1 year techniques. The various methods that
are developed will be calibrated against
each other. Calibration will consider at
least: the effort to implement, resulting
46
Action Plan for Performance Based Seismic Design
47
Action Plan for Performance Based Seismic Design
Description: Description:
The team will set up milestone After the guidelines are completed, the
deliverables at 25%, 50%, 75% and team will assess the project and identify
100% and will describe the content to be future goals, research efforts, etc. that
included in each. It will establish and will build upon the work completed. The
implement a final review and adoption team will write a framework for the next
process. A peer review procedure will generation of PBSD related projects.
be established at each milestone. A The goal of the task is to provide a plan
technical writing team will be created for the continuing evolution of PBSD.
and a consensus reached on the style The team will establish a procedure for
and voice of the guidelines. The updating the guidelines
Guidelines will be written and reviewed.
A small team of reviewers will focus on Personnel: Design professionals,
the presentation of the information, both Researchers,
graphically and textually. Government agencies
Priority: Essential
Budget: $600,000
Duration: Throughout the project
48
Action Plan for Performance Based Seismic Design
Challenges
49
Action Plan for Performance Based Seismic Design
PRODUCT 6
VStakeholders'Guide
_i ' , #' ; :t1#:#;:~f;#;:#E
50
Action Plan for Performance Based Seismic Design
Task 6.1 - Define content and Task 6.2 Present and explain
format of Stakeholders' Guide financial modeling techniques
Description: Description:
The team will convene a series of The team will present and explain the
workshops with stakeholder financial modeling tools developed in
representatives to create the format and the Guidelines and the Risk
content of the Stakeholders. Guide. The Management Products. In the same
team will determine the level of manner as the Guidelines these tools
complexity of the information and should be presented with different levels
equations presented. The goal is to of complexity, so that the user can
layout the format for the guide so that it employ the most appropriate to a
is usable to a non-technical audience. A specific situation. The technical and
strong effort will be made to involve financial research will have been done
owners and financial representatives, as as part of the RMP. In this task the goal
these will be the primary users of the is to provide descriptions of and
information. Another goal is to be able to practical ways to employ these tools.
quantify the level of effort that will be
required of these groups in the planning, Personnel: Design professionals,
design and construction processes, in Researchers, Financial
terms of cost and time. A consensus interests, Owners
about the style of presentation will also
be reached. Priority: Essential
Budget: $300,000
Personnel: Design professionals, Duration: Throughout the project
Researchers, Financial
interests, Owners,
Contractors, Material
suppliers, Building
officials, Government
agencies, Legal
professionals
Task 6.3 - Describe the design
and construction process
Description:
I
,.
Priority: Essential
Budget: $150,000 As with the Guidelines, the team will
Duration: 1 year develop a road map to move from the
concept stage to completion of
construction, identifying major steps
along the way. Retrofit and new design
will be considered. The responsibilities
and qualifications of each of the
stakeholders (including owners and
design professionals) throughout the
design and construction process will be
identified and described. The team will
review these responsibilities and
evaluate their effects on the groups. The
team will prepare the information using
51
Action Plan for Performance Based Seismic Design
Priority: Essential
Budget: $400,000
Duration: 2 years
52
Action Plan for Performance Based Seismic Design
Description: Description:
The team will set up milestone The team will set up dates for
deliverables at 25%, 50%, 75% and considering revisions to the Guide and a
100% and will describe the content to be procedure for doing so.
included in each. It will establish a final
review and adoption process. The team Personnel: Design professionals,
will also include a nontechnical Owners, Financial
background and history of the PBSD interests, Government
process and of current code evolution. agencies
The goal will be to show the non-
engineering audience the need for Priority: Optimal
PBSD and the expected changes with Budget: $100,000
respect to the current design and Duration: 1 year
construction practice. A peer review
procedure will be established at each
milestone. A writing team will be
created and a consensus reached on
the style and voice of the guide. A small
team of reviewers will focus on the
presentation of the information, both
graphically and textually. This group will
have the responsibility, along with the
steering committee of ensuring that the
presentation compliments the
Guidelines themselves.
Priority: Essential
Budget: $400r000
Duration: Throughout the project
53
Action Plan for Performance Based Seismic Design
Challenges
54
Action Plan for Performance Based Seismic Design
55
Action Plan for Performance Based Seismic Design
56
Action Plan for Performance Based Seismic Design
Translate technicalmaterialinto
easy to understandeducationaland
promotionalmaterial.
57
Action Plan for Performance Based Seismic Design
Conclusion
58
Action Plan for Performance Based Seismic Design
References
ISSUE PAPERS
Court, A. B., SE, Seismic Performance and Cost/Benefit Issues, Curry Price Court,
1998.
59
Action Plan for Performance Based Seismic Design
Mahoney, Michael and Hanson, Robert, An Action Plan for Performance Based Design
60
Action Plan for Performance Based Seismic Design
61
Action Plan for Performance Based Seismic Design
62
Action Plan for Performance Based Seismic Design
63
Action Plan for Performance Based Seismic Design
64
Action Plan for Performance Based Seismic Design
65
Action Plan for Performance Based Seismic Design
66
*U.S. GOVERM*MT PRINTMl OFFICE, 2000-522-300/95079