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PROJECT REPORT
i
SALIENT FEATURES
Athikadavu Avinashi
1 Name of the project Irrigation,Groundwater Recharge And
Drinking Water Supply Scheme.
10 Project Performance
Period of No. of failure
(a) Irrigation Does not arise since
2004-2015 surplus water to be
diverted
(b) Power - -
(c) Flood Control - -
(d) Water Supply - -
(e) Navigation - -
11 Hydrology
11.1 Catchments
11.1.1 Catchments area at headwork site (sq. km)
(a) Gross 1190.88 Sq.km
(b) Intercepted: -
(i) By existing projects -
(ii) By ongoing projects -
(iii) By contemplated projects -
(c) Un intercepted -
11.1.2 Catchments area classification according
to mode of precipitation (sq. km.)
(a) Rain fed 1190.88 Sq.km
(b) Snow fed -
11.2 Precipitation 730.59mm
11.2.1 Catchments
Monsoon (Sept-
Snowfall(mm)
Jan.)
(a) Average 891.90mm
(b) Maximum 427.60mm during 2015
(c) Minimum 427.60mm during 2012
(d) Co-efficient of variation -
11.2.2 Command
1. INTRODUCTION
1
1.4 General climatic condition of the state
General climatic conditions of the Tamil Nadu
1.Temperature :between 230 to 340 C
2.Humidity : 70% to 80% during morning and 38% to 52% during evening
3. Snowfall : Nil
4. Wind : 0 to 8km/hr
General climatic condition of the project area (Coimbatore District):
1.Temperature :between 180 to 350 C
2. Humidity : 63% to 73%
3. Snowfall : Nil
4. Wind : 0 to 6km/hr
Climatic condition of the project area (Coimbatore and Tiruppur District)
1.Temperature :between 220 to 350 C
2 Humidity : 63% to 73%
3. Snowfall : Nil
4. Wind : 0 to 6km/hr
Climatic condition of the project area (Erode District):
1.Temperature :between 180 to 350 C
2 Humidity : 63% to 73%
3. Snowfall : Nil
4. Wind : 0 to 6km/hr
2
1.5 Population:
By implementing this project no population is affected and the benefitted populations
are as follows.
Tiruppur District
Coimbatore District
3
the main crop cultivated by utilizing the irrigation facility from Bhavanisagar dam.
Turmeric , coconut, groundnut , cholam , Pulses , oil seeds and other rainfed crops are also
cultivated. Industries and trade naturally occupy a place of prominence in the economy of the
district.
Cotton textile industry in Coimbatore and handloom industry in Erode district have
encouraged the growth of various ancillary industries to meet the needs of the textile mills.
Coimbatore and Tiruppur houses more than 25,000 small, medium and large industries with
the city's primary industries being engineering and textiles. Coimbatore is called the
"Manchester of South India" due to its extensive textile industry, fed by the surrounding
cotton fields.
4
Moyar, which joins Bhavani a little upstream of the Lower Bhavani reservoir.
Proposals in and late 60s
In the sixties of the last century, two schemes were considered for giving irrigation
facilities for the Avinashi Taluk by utilising the tail race waters of Pillur Reservoir. In both
the proposals, the idea of taking a gravity Canal from above the Pillur Reservoir was
considered and given up, as that would affect the power generation at Pillur dam.
Though the Lower Bhavani project was executed for irrigating dry crops, ryots in the
head reaches started utilizing the water released in the early years for growing rice crop
which led to a crisis, since the Bhavani yield at the reservoir site was inadequate to meet the
needs of wet irrigation. Hence, an indigenous way of managing the irrigation in the 0.838
lakh ha. (2.07 lakh acres) was proposed under the Lower Bhavani project, with the
Government in the year 1964 ordering a revised cropping pattern for the Lower Bhavani
Project ayacut. According to this, the project area of 0.838 lakh ha. (2.07 lakh acres) was
divided into two zones and the irrigation supply proposed in two turns: During the first turn
period from 15th August to 15th December, the ryots can raise any crop of their choice
including wet and in the second turn period from 15th December to 15th March, only dry
irrigated crop would be permitted, and the turns will be alternated each year. This model
management has been in practice since then quite successfully. Expecting savings from this
half-wet and haft-dry irrigation pattern, the Avinashi Scheme originally investigated was
revived in 1967 with an enlarged scope for benefitting an area of 85,000 acres utilising 12600
Mcft. of water. This was however not pursued as the savings that may be expected was not
clear.
In 1968, it was considered that a scheme with restricted benefits only would be
practical and utilisation under Avinashi scheme could be about 3000 Mcft. from the Kundah
tail race waters, for which a preliminary report was sent to the Government. Two alternatives
were considered – one as an all wet scheme and the other as a dry scheme. The scheme was
however deferred by the Government in G.O.Ms.No.2124 PWD dt.26.11.1969.
Proposal in 1970s
The scheme was revived again in 1975 when it was proposed to limit the benefits only
to the areas which can be served by a gravity canal talking off from the river below Pillur
Dam from a diversion weir, about 1 km (5 furlongs) downstream of the Pillur Dam. The total
area proposed for irrigation under the canal was 8903 ha (22000 acres) dry, including 809 ha
(2000 acres) of wet lands under the existing tanks. This proposal also could not be proceeded
with.
Alternative Suggestion :
The Cauvery basin being a deficit basin, it was considered that any new scheme in the
basin could be thought of only if there is an input into the basin from adjacent basins. One
such possibility is from the diversion of waters towards east from the west flowing Pandiar-
Punnampuzha rivers (originally contemplated as Pandiar – Punnampuzha Hydro Electric
Projects in 1965) before they enter Kerala territory to flow into the Moyar tributary of the
Bhavani sub-basin. Bilateral discussions have been held with the Kerala Government on this
for long but so far there has not been any progress. The suggestion is under consideration.
Revival in 1990s
In 1997, the Chief Engineer (Plan Formulation) forwarded a preliminary Report
5
seeking permission to take up detailed investigation of the Athikadavu Avinashi Scheme. The
Government deferred this proposal also in July 1997 itself.
In 1999 – 2000, there was a demand for executing a scheme for diverting water from
Bhavani River to fill in the existing tanks to ensure drinking water to several villages in the
Avinashi Taluk by recharge. Since filling in minor irrigation tanks will only mean
stabilization or expansion of irrigation and since the TWAD Board had indicated that they
have already covered all the villages in the area under the drinking water scheme, the
Cauvery Technical cell could not give its consent for such a drinking water scheme, as it may
not be favoured in the Cauvery Water Disputes Tribunal treating it as extension of ayacut in
the Bhavani Sub-basin.
Diversion of Pandiyar Flows :
In 2002 the Chief Engineer (Plan Formulation) prepared a Feasibility Report for the
diversion of 2 TMC of water from the west flowing Pandiar river so as to augment the
Athikadavu Avinashi drinking water scheme, by constructing a dam across Pandiyar river
and excavating a tunnel of 27.2 km to Sigur river, a tributary of Moyar river. It was
considered that it may not be possible to execute this scheme involving interstate issues and
other practial difficulties including mining such a long costly tunnel.
Before Cauvery Water Disputes Tribunal :
When the Cauvery Water Disputes Tribunal was constituted in 1990, while furnishing
the technical information in the common Format as called for by the Tribunal, the Avinashi
scheme was also included as one of the proposed projects in the Cauvery basin by Tamil
Nadu with a utilization of 12.6TMC. The Tribunal, which adjudicated the dispute, however
has allocated in its final order a quantity of 6 TMC in the Bhavani basin to Kerala and
curtailed the utilization in the Bhavani basin by Tamil Nadu, by adopting higher irrigation
efficiency. The Tribunal has not considered any new proposed projects both in Karnataka and
Tamil Nadu.
Constitution of Expert Committee :
On 17.02.2009, during the submission of Budget for the year 2009-2010 in the Tamil
Nadu Legislative Assembly, it was announced that an Expert committee is formed and
headed by Thiru. A.Mohanakrishnan, Chairman, Cauvery Technical Cell to analyse the long
pending demand of farmers in Coimbatore and Erode districts to implement Athikadavu –
Avinashi Flood Flow Canal Scheme vide G.O (thyhak;) No: 319 dated 16.06.2009. The
Expert Committee presented its report to the Government on 31.10.2009. The Government
has accepted the recommendations of the Expert Committee and requested the PWD to
conduct detailed investigation and send a report along with rough cost estimate to
Government vide (1) Government letter (MS) No 296, Public Works (Qi) Department dated
14.12.2009, (2) Chief Engineer, PWD, Plan Formulation, WRO, Chennai Letter No
:B/8557/09 dated 18.12.2009 and (3) Chief Engineer PWD, Plan Formulation, WRO,
Chennai Letter No: B/8557/2009-1 dated 04.01.2010.
Based on the above instruction, the project investigation on ―Athikadavu-Avinashi
Flood flow Canal Scheme‖ was taken up. Estimate was prepared for an amount of
Rs.1862.00 Crore for the year 2011-12 and sent to Govt. of India for financial assistance
under flood management programme. The Central Water Commission communicated its
comment on the estimate stating that this proposal may be considered as an irrigation project
6
since the scheme aims to fill up tanks and ponds.
The Hon‘ble Minister for Finance and Public Works in his speech on the floor of
Assembly during the Interim Budget Session for the year 2016 – 2017 on 16 / 02 / 2016
announced that the Hon‘ble Chief Minister has ordered to implement the Athikadavu –
Avinashi scheme as an irrigation, ground water recharge and drinking water scheme
forthwith. Accordingly, a revised proposal will be sent to Government of India immediately
and in the meanwhile preliminary works will commence at once.
The Govt. of Tamil Nadu in the Government Order Ms.No.66 PW (I Spl.2) Dept. Dt.
18.02.2016 has accorded administrative sanction for an amount of Rs.3.27 Crore for carrying
out the immediate requisite works. Also, in the Govt. order, the Chief Engineer (Plan
Formulation) has been directed to prepare and send the cost estimate urgently. Based on that,
this estimate has been prepared.
7
estimate has been revised as per the Central Water Commission guidelines.
8
efficiency, thus by improving the socio economic condition of the people in the project area.
2. PHYSICAL FEATURES
2.1) Geographical Disposition:
The topography is a mixed combination of hilly and flat terrain. The soils in this sub-
basin can be broadly classified into five groups viz. Red Sandy clay loam soils, black clay
soils, rock outcrops with loamy sand soils, brown clay loam soils and recent/old alluvial soils,
based on the Hydro-geological Atlas of Tamil Nadu brought out by the Central Ground Water
Board.
9
2.3) Geology of the basin
The Project area is covered by a wide range of high grade metamorphic rocks of the
peninsular gneissic complex. These rocks are extensively weathered and overlain by recent
valley fills and alluvium at places. The major rock types occurring in the district are
charnockites, granites, complex gneisses mainly hornblende biotite gneiss and sillimanite
gneiss with basic and ultra basic intrusives, crystalline limestone, syenite, pegmatite and
quartz veins. The generalized stratigraphic succession of geologic formations met with in this
district is as follows:
A brief description of the various rock types existing in the district is presented
below.
Recent to sub recent Soils, Alluvium, Laterites, Colluvium and Kankar.
Syenite, Granite, Hornblende Biotite Gneiss, Garnet silimanite
Gneiss, Quarzites and Charnockite.
Alluvium and Kankar Along the Course of Bhavani, Noyyal and Amaravathy rivers,
limited occurrences of alluvium are seen, where extensive surface
cover of Kankar is noticed all over the plains.
Colluvium Extensive valley fill deposits in the form of colluvium are seen in
the western part of the district. The thickness of these deposits
varies from 50m to 80m below ground level.
Laterite Lateritic occurances with pockets of bauxitic laterite are noted in
the high ranges of Anaimalai hills. The thickness of latrite
cappings is rather low.probably not exceeding 3 m since a number
of outcrops of migmatite are seen within the lateritic bearing area.
Charnockite The charnockite and associated migmatites occupy central and
eastern parts of the district. It shows weakly developed gneissic
structure and has been referred to as Charnockitic Gneiss.
Hornblende Biotite Hornblende biotite gneiss is the most common rock type in this
Gneiss district. It is highly migmatized at many places and show deep
weathering of more than 20.0m.
Garnet Sillimanite Garnet sillimanite gneiss associated with calc granulites and
Gneiss crystalline lime stones occupy the prominent hill ranges south west
of coimbatore which, also forms the water divide between east
flowing and west flowing rivers.
Pegmatites and Quartz Acid intrusives in the form of pegmatites and quarts veins are seen
Veins intruding almost all the rock types. They show concordant
relationship with the country rocks.
3. INTERSTATE ASPECTS:
As per Expert committee Report the availability yield of Bhavani sub basin at 50%
10
dependability is 2210.25 Million Cubic Metre (78 TMC). The committed contribution to
Kerala from this Bhavani sub basin accorded by Cauvery Water Dispute Tribunal is 170.02
Million Cubic Metre (6.00TMC) and 1619.16 Million Cubic Metre(57.14 TMC) for Tamil
Nadu. The existing use in irrigation Under Bhavani sagar dam is 1501.84 Million Cubic
Metre (53 TMC) where in contribution to minor reservoir is 20.97 Million Cubic Metre ( 0.74
TMC), minor Irrigation use is 96.34 Million Cubic Metre(3.40TMC) and the Domestic use is
189 Million Cubic Metre( 6.67 TMC). Therefore the total quantity summation is 1983.56
Million Cubic Metre (70TMC). Hence, the Balance water available is 226.69 Million Cubic
Metre (8.00TMC).
Detailed investigation is carried out for the various components like surplus weir,
Tunnels, canals etc. proposed canal offtakes from water spread of Pillur Dam. The sill level
of the canal may be 2.5m below the FRL of Pillur Dam fixed as +426.720m. The main canal
starts from 5 km upstream of the Pillur Dam foreshore area includes a tunnel of 6.50Km
length. The main canal for 35.20Km length ends at Achampalayam Village and which two
branch canals take off namely, the right off take of Avinashi Branch Canal to a length of
21.650Km. Perundurai Branch Canal, off takes at left side to a length of 72.915 Km in which
a branch canal namely Kanuvakkarai Sub branch canal offtakes at vadakkalur village to a
length of 5.20Km
4.3.Tunnel Survey :
Detailed surveys were not conducted for the proposed tunnels. However based on
the recommendations furnished by the Geological Survey of India, borelog operations have
been conducted at entry and exit of the tunnel portion and bore log samples were tested.As
per the Preliminary stage Geotechnical Investigation Report No. 2 dated from September,
2013 ( Ref : EG/C/SR/TNP/2012/113 ), the tunnel portion and their locations are as follows.
LS 300 m to LS 2800 m - Raw tunnel 1 ( Length 2500 m )
LS 2800 m to LS 3650 m - Casing Tunnel 1 ( Length 850 m )
LS 16400 to LS 19550 m - Raw Tunnel 2 ( Length 3150 m)
11
4.4. Drainage Survey:
The Project area is drained by the Bhavani river with its major tributaries like Noyal
river, Moyar river, Perumpallam odai, Gunderipallam odai, Varattupallam odai and no of
small streams. Bhavani river originates from Nilgiri hills of the Western Ghats, enters
the Silent Valley National Park in Kerala and flows back towards Tamil Nadu. The river
Bhavani has a length of 217km (135 miles) perennial river fed mostly by the southwest
monsoon and supplemented by the northeast monsoon. Its watershed drains an area of
0.62 million hectares (2,400 sq miles) spread over Tamil Nadu (87%), Kerala (9%)
and Karnataka (4%). The main river courses majorly flows through Coimbatore
district and Erode district in Tamil Nadu. About 90 per cent of the river's water is used for
agriculture irrigation.
4.5.1 Soil
In Coimbatore district the soil can be broadly classified into 6 major soils types viz.,
Red calcareous Soil, Black Soil, Red non-calcareous, Alluvial and Colluvial Soil, Brown
Soil, and Forest Soil. About 60 per cent of the district is covered by red soils, of which red
calcareous soil is predominant. The highlands in Coimbatore, Palladam and Avinashi taluks
are mostly occupied by the black soils, which are dark gray to grayish brown in co lour.
In Erode district, the soils can be broadly classified into 6 major soils types viz., Red
calcareous soil, Red non calcareous soil, Black Soil, Alluvial and Colluvial soils, Brown soil
and Forest soil. Major part of the district covered by red calcareous soils. They are mostly
sandy to loamy and characterised by the hard and compact layer of lime. The red non-
calcareous soils are seen in Erode, Perunthurai and Gobichettipalayam taluks.
In Tiruppur District, the soil is predominantly black, which is suitable for cotton
cultivation, but it also has some red loamy soil.
12
Physiography: very gently sloping land
Drainage: Moderately well drained
Parent Material: Fine Sandy Loam
AP in cm GL
0
Brown fine sandy loam 10YR 5/3
PH: 8.3
23
10YR 4/3
Dark Brown
PH: 8.4
75
10YR 3/2
75+
13
Physiography: very gently sloping land
Drainage: Moderately well drained
Parent Material: Colluvial soil
AP in cm GL
0
Sand 5YR 5/6
PH: 7.4
15
5YR 3/6
Dark Red
PH: 6.3
120
Lime Concentration
120+
14
Physiography: very gently sloping land
Drainage: Modertly well drained
Parent Material: Silty Clay
AP in cm GL
0
Dark Gray Brown 10YR 4/2
PH: 7.3
25
7.5YR 4/4
Dark Brown 7.5YR 4/2
PH: 7.6 10YR 3/2
36
7.5YR 5/6
Strong brown 7.5YR 4/4
PH: 7.6
155
7.5YR 4/4
Dark Brown
PH: 7.6
216
Clay Loam
216+
4.5.2 Geology
Coimbatore district is covered by a wide range of high grade metamorphic rocks of
the peninsular gneissic complex. These rocks are extensively weathered and overlain by
recent valley fills and alluvium at places. The major rock types occurring in the district are
charnockites, granites, complex gneisses mainly hornblende biotite gneiss and sillimanite
gneiss with basic and ultra basic intrusives, crystalline limestone, syenite, pegmatite and
quartz veins.
15
4.5.2.2 Black clay soils:
These soils are mature and moderately well drained. They have low permeability and
are slightly alkaline on reaction. These soils are generally fertile but poor in organic content.
They are suitable for crops like cotton, jowar and paddy.
4.5.3 Geomorphology
The Coimbatore district forms part of the upland plateau region of Tamil Nadu with
many hill ranges, hillocks and undulating topography with a gentle slope towards eastexcept
for the hilly terrain in the west. The undulating topography with innumerable depressions, are
used as tanks for storage of rainwater for agriculture.The prominent geomorphic units
identified in the district through interpretation of Satellite imagery are 1) Structural hills, 2)
Ridges, 3) Inselbergs, 4) Bazada, 5) Valley fill, 6) Pediment, 7) Shallow Pediments and 8)
Deep Pediments.
The Erode district forms part of the uplands of the state. Physiographically the district
can be divided into hilly area, the upland area and plains area. The prominent geomorphic
units identified in the district through interpretation of Satellite imagery are 1) Structural
hills, 2) Inselberg, 3) Ridges, 4) Valley fill, 5) Pediments, 6) Shallow Pediments,. The
Kongunadu uplands lie south of Bhavani river and the Lower Bhavani canal passes through
these uplands. Scattered hillocks and knolls of moderate elevations occur within these
uplands. The plains area is characterised by an undulating topography with a general gradient
due east and southeast. The plains are limited to the east and southwestern border of the
16
district.
4.7. Seismicity:
As per IS 1893 (part I) : 2002 code whole India has been divided into
four zones. The project area comes under Coimbatore and Erode districts lies on Zone II
with vertical and horizontal 0.10. Hence for this water body will stand still for several years
there is no need for taking seismic effect on design calculations. Tirupur Districts falls under
the Class III/IV seismic zone, having experienced a 6.0 Richter scale earthquake in 1900.
The trail pits were taken in various locations along the canal alignment for obtaining soil
texture and adapted in the earthwork calculation.
17
4.9 Construction Material Investigation
18
For the Perundurai branch canal(20.5- 45.21 Km) hard broken stone jelly, Rough
stone for masonry and revetment and Bond stone is available at Thirumuruganpoondi with a
lead of 25 Km metal road and 2 km cart track.
For the Perundurai branch canal(45.21- 72.915 Km) hard broken stone jelly, Rough
stone for masonry and revetment and Bond stone is available at Chengapalli with a lead of
14 Km metal road and 2 km cart track.
For the Avinashi branch canal(0-21.65 Km) hard broken stone jelly, Rough stone for
masonry and revetment and Bond stone is available at Chickkandanpalayam near Karamadai
with a lead of 42 Km metal road and 1 km cart track
IS requirements
1)Fineness modulus should be between the permissible range of 6.5-8.0
The above results confirmed that the coarse aggregate is suitable for execution of
work.
4.9.3 Soils
For the main canal(0- 35.200 Km) it is estimated that, a quantum of 307073m3 of
earth is required for forming embankment, etc., for the canal bund. It is also assessed that
about 2431050m3 of earth is to be excavated for forming the canal . It is considered that a
part of earth so excavated could be used economically for forming embankments and other
filling works.
For the Perundurai branch canal(0- 20.50 Km) it is estimated that, a quantum of
494588m3 of earth is required for forming embankment, etc., for the canal bund. It is also
assessed that about 1968911 m3 of earth is to be excavated for forming the canal . For the
Kanuvukkarai Sub Branch canal (0-5.20 Km) it is estimated that, a quantum of 106650m3 of
earth is required for forming embankment, etc., for the canal bund. It is also assessed that
about 128477m3 of earth is to be excavated for forming the canal It is considered that a part
of earth so excavated could be used economically for forming embankments and other filling
works.
For the Perundurai branch canal(20.5- 45.21 Km) it is estimated that, a quantum of
146753 m3 of earth is required for forming embankment, etc., for the canal bund. It is also
assessed that about 2729074m3 of earth is to be excavated for forming the canal . It is
considered that a part of earth so excavated could be used economically for forming
19
embankments and other filling works.
For the Perundurai branch canal(45.21- 72.915 Km) it is estimated that, a quantum of
303984m3 of earth is required for forming embankment, etc., for the canal bund. It is also
assessed that about 2211200m3 of earth is to be excavated for forming the canal . It is
considered that a part of earth so excavated could be used economically for forming
embankments and other filling works.
For the Avinashi branch canal(0-21.65 Km) it is estimated that, a quantum of 316674
m3 of earth is required for forming embankment, etc., for the canal bund. It is also assessed
that about 800000m3 of earth is to be excavated for forming the canal . It is considered that a
part of earth so excavated could be used economically for forming embankments and other
filling works.
5. HYDROLOGY
The river Bhavani originates from silent valley of Palghat ranges in the state of
Kerala.This river runs through Coimbatore District and Erode District traversing through
Mettupalayam, Sathyamangalam, Gobichettipalayam and Bhavani taluks before it
confluences with Cauvery at Kooduthurai in Bhavani Taluk. Moyar is one of a tributary of
Bhavani river which confluences with Bhavani river at the upstream of Bhavani sager dam.
The catchment of Pillur dam covers Siruvani river,upper Bhavani, catchment of
Avalanche and,Emarald dams and Kundah river. BhavaniSagar reservoirs receives water
from both Bhavani and Moyaru river.Moyaru contributes sizable in flow to this dam from its
own catchment and catchment from its tributaries.They are catchments of Pykara river,Parson
Valley reservoir,Mukurtiaru,coonoor river and Elerumai pallam stream.
20
report regarding implementation of Athikadavu- Avinashi Canal project as announced in the
budget speech for the year 2009-2010. The Expert Committee Presented its report to
government on 31/10/2009.
Based on the Expert committee Report the availability yield of Bhavani sub basin at
50% dependability is 2210.25 Million Cubic Metre (78 TMC). The committed contribution
to Kerala from this Bhavani sub basin accorded by Cauvery Water Dispute Tribunal is 170.02
Million Cubic Metre (6.00TMC) and 1619.16 Million Cubic Metre(57.14 TMC) for Tamil
Nadu. The existing use in irrigation Under Bhavani sagar dam is 1501.84 Million Cubic
Metre (53 TMC) where in contribution to minor reservoir is 20.97 Million Cubic Metre ( 0.74
TMC), minor Irrigation use is 96.34 Million Cubic Metre(3.40TMC) and the Domestic use is
189 Million Cubic Metre( 6.67 TMC). Therefore the total quantity summation is 1983.56
Million Cubic Metre (70TMC). Hence, the Balance water available is 226.69 Million Cubic
Metre ( 8.00TMC).
21
85 M3/Sec
More
Upto 56.67M3/Sec to 113.35
than113.35
56.67M3/Sec to 85.0 M3/Sec M3/Sec Total
M3/Sec
(2000c/s) (2000-3000 c/s) (3000- 4000
(4000 c/s)
c/s)
1974-75 0 0 0 0 0
1975-76 0 0 0 0 0
1976-77 0 0 0 0 0
1977-78 0 0 0 0 0
1978-79 45 8 6 1 60
1979-80 0 0 0 26 26
1980-81 3 11 2 12 28
1981-82 0 0 0 0 0
1982-83 0 0 0 0 0
1983-84 0 0 0 0 0
1984-85 0 0 0 0 0
1985-86 0 0 0 0 0
1986-87 0 0 0 0 0
1987-88 0 0 0 0 0
1988-89 0 0 0 0 0
1989-90 0 0 0 0 0
1990-91 0 0 0 0 0
1991-92 0 0 0 0 0
1992-93 0 2 2 5 9
1993-94 0 0 0 0 0
1994-95 3 0 1 9 13
1995-96 0 0 0 0 0
1996-97 0 0 0 0 0
1997-98 0 0 0 0 0
1998-99 0 0 0 0 0
1999-00 0 0 0 0 0
2000-01 0 0 0 0 0
22
2001-02 0 0 0 0 0
2002-03 0 0 0 0 0
2003-04 0 0 0 0 0
2004-05 0 0 0 0 0
2005-06 15 6 2 4 27
2006-07 7 8 5 7 27
2007-08 8 3 6 21 38
2008-09 0 0 0 0 0
2009-10 0 0 0 0 0
2010-11 0 0 0 0 0
2011-12 0 0 0 0 0
2012-13 0 0 0 0 0
2013-14 0 0 0 0 0
2014-15 0 0 0 0 0
2015-16 0 0 0 0 0
2000-01 0 0 0 0 0
2001-02 0 0 0 1 1
2002-03 1 0 0 0 1
2003-04 0 0 0 0 0
2004-05 2 0 1 11 14
2005-06 0 0 0 0 0
2006-07 0 0 1 3 4
23
2007-08 2 3 1 16 22
2008-09 1 1 0 4 6
2009-10 1 0 0 4 5
2010-11 0 0 0 0 0
2011-12 2 1 1 1 5
2012-13 0 0 0 0 0
2013-14 1 0 1 5 7
2014-15 1 2 0 1 4
2015-16 0 1 0 4 5
24
=58.74Mm3 (2072.77mcft say 56.67Mm3(2 TMC)).
Therefore, the requirement of water being 56.67 Mm3 (2 TMC)-.
6. HYDRO GEOLOGY:
25
Public Works Department, Regional water quality lab, Pollachi.
26
is designed to divert about 56.63M.m3 (2tmc) of water at 56.63cumecs (2000cusecs) in 12
days.
Based on the recommendations of the Geological Survey of India and the requirement
of sub-soil exploration for the design of major components by the Superintending Engineer,
PWD/WRO, Designs circle, Chepauk, Chennai, (letter no. 014M/AEE II/F.704/2010 dated
24.01.2012,) 18 boreholes were made.
Location of boreholes:
1. Weir location – rightside 60m
2. Weir location – staggered point rightside
3. Weir location – staggered point leftside
27
4. Weir location – River midpoint
5. Weir location – leftside 90m
6. Tunnel I in Gopanari reserved forest @ entry
7. Tunnel I exit point at Velliangadu plain area @ LS 3300m
8. Tunnel II exit point @ LS 17665m
9. Tunnel point @ Kudalur village plain area @ LS 19550m
10. Aqueduct @ LS 22100m
11. Aqueduct @ LS 22660m (near NH-67 road crossing)
12. Aqueduct @ LS 22800m (middle of Elerumaipallam)
13. Aqueduct @ LS 22960m (near railway crossing)
14. Aqueduct @ LS 23600m (near end of aqueduct)
15. Cut & cover @ LS 24900m
16. Cut & cover @ LS 25700m
17. Cut & cover @ LS 26900m
18. Cut & cover @ LS 28750m
e) Evaluation of foundation and abutments and other major components for treatment
Not carried out
7.1.3 Alternative studies carried out for selection of site and type of structures and
alignment of main and branch canals - Not carried out
7.1.4 Choice of final layout of all major components of the project and reason
i) Diversion weir – The weir is proposed at 5km u/s of Pillur dam for a best possible length
and cost of the weir to divert the discharge of 56.63cumecs (2000cusecs)
ii) Tunnels – Avoiding tunnels lead to increase the canal length and area of land to be
acquired, that too, in reserved forest. Hence, tunneling is proposed.
iii) Cut & cover – Even after studying specific alternative alignments, some of the reaches in
the main canal alignment could not be avoided. Therefore, considering the greater depths of
the canal bed, cut & cover has been chosen as a better structure.
iv) Aqueducts – Across the urbanized areas, railway tracks, National Highway crossings and
deeper valleys the main canal is flumed through aqueducts to attain the required canal bed
level.
v) Head regulators – Two head regulators are proposed at the offtake of two branch canals
namely, Avinashi branch canal and Perundurai branch canal to regulate the quantum of water
to be discharged into each canal.
vi) Flood escapes – In order to avoid damage to the canal section due to any unforeseen
climatic conditions, 10 no. flood escapes are proposed.
b) Yield studies – Yield at the proposed weir site is arrived as 86.62 M.m3 (3053.02m.cft) for
28
a free catchment area of 1,191M.m2 (460 sq.miles) as calculated in the design of diversion
weir. Sediment studies - Not carried out
d) Details of tests undertaken for assessing the suitability of the construction materials – Not
done
7.1.9 Details of the model studies for important structures – Not done
a) Suspended silt carried by the river during various stages, supported with data
29
Not studied
b) Gradation of the river bed material with Lacey's silt factor adopted, where
applicable.
Examining the river bed material, it is considered as of medium sand type. The
silt factor ‗f‘ for medium sand is adopted as 1.25 as per IS: 7784 (Part 1) : 1975.
7.3.9 Type/profile of cutoffs up-stream and downstream aprons, uplift pressure relief
arrangements etc.
The weir comprises of an upstream cutoff of 5.40m depth and a downstream
cutoff, with minimum reinforcement in the downstream face, of 6.60m depth.
Upstream apron is 3.00m long, whereas in downstream, a stilling basin of 33.96m
length and 0.30m depth are provided. Followed by a launching apron of loose
boulders (weighing not more than 40kg) for 13m length, there are 7 rows of cement
concrete blocks each of size 1.50m x 1.50m x 0.90m as pressure relief arrangements.
30
7.3.10 Stability analysis of weir
Stability of the structure has been analysed for the following three conditions
in the design of diversion weir and is found to be safe.
1. Reservoir empty, without considering earthquake forces
2. Reservoir at MWL, with tailwater and with uplift
3. Reservoir at FRL, with no tailwater but with uplift
7.3.11 Gates, type, size and hoist arrangement and stop-logs including operating
cranes – Not applicable
7.4 Canals
7.4.1 Description of canal system including ridge/contour/lift canal capacity and
considerations for fixing alignment etc.
The proposed canal system runs as a ridge canal so as to feed the ponds
and tanks on both sides (Right and Left) of the canal alignment feeding through feeder canals
and the arms which connect the ponds and tanks of Coimbatore, Tiruppur and Erode
Districts.
The off take point of the proposed main canal is located in the right side of the
Bhavani river at a distance of 5 Km upstream side of Pillur Dam. The carrying capacity of
main canal is 56.63 cumecs (2000 cusecs) for 12 days which amounts to 56.63 Mm3 (2 tmc)
for a length of 35.200 km. Also the main canal splits into Avinashi branch canal and
Perundurai branch canal at LS 35.200km.
The carrying capacity of Avinashi Branch Canal is 4.956 cumecs (175
cusecs) for 12 days for a length of 21.65 km from the tail end of main canal. Perundurai
branch canal is proposed to be excavated for a length of 72.915 km from the tail end of main
canal. It is proposed to divert 41.914 cumecs (1480 cusecs) of water into the Perundurai
branch canal.
31
Kanuvukarai sub branch canal off takes at LS 8.850 km of Perundurai
branch canal for a length of 5.20 km. It is proposed to divert 4.04 cumecs (142.68 cusecs) of
water into the Kanuvukarai sub branch canal.
7.4.2 Study of Integrated network of canal system and its operation to utilize the water
potential of streams crossed by the main canal system by provision of storages/tail tank
etc – Not Applicable.
7.4.3 Description of the soil profile along the canal alignment based on the pit/auger
holes – Not provided
7.4.4 Evaluation of the design parameter based on the samples collected along with
canal alignment, borrow area and suggested treatment for problematic reaches – Not
carried out.
7.4.6 Transmission losses assumed for lined/unlined channel with justification for
(cumec/million sq. m.)
The losses during transmission through wetted area have been accounted for at the
rate of 7 cumecs/million m2 of wetted area of canal as stipulated in the IS 9452 (Part I): 1993
Indian Standard for Measurement of seepage losses from canals – Code of Practice and the
Manual on Irrigation and Power Channels prepared by Central Water Commission, published
by Central Board of Irrigation and Power for the soil classification of gravelly sandy soil.
(a) Main canal – 7 cumecs/million m2
(b) Branch canal – 7 cumecs/million m2
(c) Feeder canal – 7 cumecs/million m2
(c) Distributaries – Not Applicable
(d) Minors and sub-minors – Not Applicable
(e) Field channel (losses covered under delta at outlet) – Not applicable
(f) Overall efficiency of the system – Not assessed
7.4.7 Cutoff statement showing the detail of the discharge required from tail to the head
considering the irrigation requirement and transmission losses in the off - taking
channel – Not carried out
7.4.8 Design calculation for adequacy of canal sections adopted indicating Design of
canal sections for various discharges adopted in this estimate is arrived based on the formula
given below.
32
V = velocity m/sec
n = manning's coefficient = 0.025 for unlined canals
R = A/P,
where, R = hydraulic mean radius in m
A = wetted area in m2
P = wetted perimeter in m
S = bed fall = 1 in 2000
For canal in filling, side slopes of 1.5H : 1V and for canal in cutting side slopes of
1H:1V is adopted as per IS 7112:2002 - Criteria for design of cross-section for
unlined canals in alluvial soil. For the canal in hard rock reaches a side slope of 05H :
1V has been adopted.
(f) Ratio of bed width to depth – Arrived for the designed canal
33
Model Design discharge calculation
Main canal - from offtake point @ weir to LS 21700m
(A Supply of 56.63 cumecs (2000 cusecs) flowing for about 12 days in a year would make
about 56.63 M.m3 (2 tmc)
Discharge carried by the main canal @ LS 0m = 56.63 cumecs
Assuming transmission losses @ 7 cumecs/million m2 of wetted perimeter.(As per Table – II
of the Manual on irrigation and power channels –March 1984 (Prepared by CWC) of unlined
canals, for gravelly sandy soils)
7.4.10 Canal operation and criteria for fixing the level of outlets / offtaking
channels
The crest level of the weir is fixed as +426.720m MSL which is the FRL of
Pillur Dam. The full supply depth of the main canal is fixed as 2.00 m with a driving head of
0.50m. Hence, sill level of the off take sluice is fixed 2.50 m below the FRL, at +424.220m
MSL (i.e.) 426.720 - 2.50 = 424.220 m MSL
The levels of each outlet are fixed based on the MSL of the crest of
first structure in the arm, so as to feed the lower down tanks and ponds.
7.4.11 (For lift schemes only) Storage of water just before pumping
Not applicable
34
aqueducts, tunnel, cut & cover, box culverts, canal syphon, flood escapes, head regulators
and syphon aqueduct.
35
Sl. Description Length Canal Bed lvl. FSL of Average
No. in m discharge Of canal @ height of
in canal @ entry overburd
cumecs entry en in m
300 50.12 25
Perundurai branch canal
5 LS 7370m 29 41.91 382.590 384.590 6
6 LS 11275m 37 41.91 378.188 380.188 8
7 LS 11790m 37 41.91 377.855 379.855 8
8 LS 21310m 30 27.44 369.270 371.270 10
9 LS 21485m 30 27.44 369.185 371.185 10
10 LS 28040m 30 22.51 353.947 355.947 10
11 LS 28990m 30 22.51 353.397 355.397 10
12 LS 29690m 30 22.51 352.972 354.972 10
13 LS 31240m 30 22.51 352.047 354.047 10
14 LS 31540m 30 19.6 351.822 353.822 5
15 LS 31840m 30 19.6 351.597 353.597 5
16 LS 32580m 30 19.6 351.152 353.152 5
17 LS 33340m 30 19.6 350.772 352.772 5
18 LS 33735m 30 19.6 350.499 352.499 5
19 LS 33810m 30 19.6 350.462 352.462 5
20 LS 33935m 30 19.6 350.324 352.324 5
21 LS 34025m 30 19.6 350.279 352.279 5
22 LS 34745m 30 19.82 349.844 351.844 5
23 LS 35150m 30 19.6 349.567 351.567 5
24 LS 35310m 30 19.6 349.412 351.412 5
25 LS 35530m 30 19.6 349.302 351.302 5
26 LS 35565m 30 19.6 349.284 351.284 5
27 LS 35690m 30 19.6 349.147 351.147 5
28 LS 36375m 30 15.21 348.729 350.729 10
29 LS 36605m 30 15.21 348.614 350.614 10
30 LS 37495m 30 15.21 348.169 350.169 10
31 LS 37865m 30 15.21 347.984 349.984 10
32 LS 37905m 30 15.21 347.964 349.964 10
33 LS 38185m 30 15.21 347.824 349.824 10
34 LS 39615m 30 15.21 346.909 348.909 10
35 LS 39935m 30 15.21 346.749 348.749 10
36 LS 40620m 30 15.21 346.332 348.332 10
36
Sl. Description Length Canal Bed lvl. FSL of Average
No. in m discharge Of canal @ height of
in canal @ entry overburd
cumecs entry en in m
37 LS 40980m 30 15.21 346.077 348.077 10
38 LS 41460m 30 15.21 345.762 347.762 10
39 LS 42395m 30 15.21 345.144 347.144 10
40 LS 45210m 22 10.76 334.385 336.135 7
41 LS 45600m 31 10.76 334.015 335.765 7
42 LS 46915m 29 10.76 333.360 335.110 7
43 LS 47465m 33 10.76 333.010 334.760 7
44 LS 48191m 24 10.76 332.570 334.320 7
45 LS 49188m 39 10.76 330.370 332.120 7
46 LS 49610m 30 10.76 330.060 331.810 7
47 LS 50050m 31 10.76 329.690 331.440 7
48 LS 50195m 34 10.76 329.545 331.295 7
49 LS 50450m 34 10.76 329.315 331.065 7
50 LS 51590m 43 8.49 328.595 330.195 8
51 LS 52050m 29 8.49 328.265 329.865 8
52 LS 52320m 35 8.49 328.055 329.655 8
53 LS 56425m 30 8.49 321.205 322.805 8
54 LS 56700m 41 8.49 320.990 322.590 8
55 LS 56716m 43 8.49 320.905 322.505 8
56 LS 57171m 42 8.49 320.580 322.180 8
57 LS 59550m 37 3.96 319.090 320.690 8
58 LS 59890m 41 3.96 318.845 320.445 8
59 LS 60250m 40 3.96 318.590 320.190 8
60 LS 60900m 33 3.96 318.190 319.790 8
61 LS 61140m 32 3.96 317.995 319.595 8
62 LS 63741m 42 3.96 314.770 316.370 8
63 LS 63992m 39 3.96 314.570 316.170 8
64 LS 65040m 30 3.96 313.870 315.470 8
65 LS 66635m 36 3.96 312.550 314.150 8
66 LS 67018m 37 3.96 312.180 313.780 8
67 LS 67341m 32 1.98 311.920 313.120 7
68 LS 68800m 35 1.98 310.940 312.140 7
69 LS 72725m 30 1.98 304.405 305.605 7
Avinashi branch canal
37
Sl. Description Length Canal Bed lvl. FSL of Average
No. in m discharge Of canal @ height of
in canal @ entry overburd
cumecs entry en in m
70 LS 675m 37 4.96 394.710 396.210 5
71 LS 788m 37 4.96 394.570 396.070 5
72 LS 2130m 29 4.96 393.920 395.420 5
Kanuvakkarai sub-
branch canal
73 LS 130m 29 4.96 381.560 383.060 6
c) Bed level, FSL & capacity of the canal at the point of entry of the structure
Refer table above
38
Sluices
a) Salient features, location, type, capacity
Being a ridge canal, the canals have their command on either sides of
the alignment vide 96 nos. of pipe sluices. The sluices discharge the required water to the
feeder canal by pipes of 900mm diameter. The sluices are of two types based on the
discharge, one for discharges ranging from 1.982cumecs to 22.653cumecs and the other for
discharges ranging from 22.653cumecs to 56.63cumecs. The location and capacity of the
sluices are detailed below:
39
S.No Arm @ Arm L/R Discharge required Bed level FSL of
LS in No for individual arm of canal @ canal @
Km inclusive of Storage entry entry
losses(30%) &
conveyance losses
(30 %) in cumecs
29 31450 23 L 1.350 351.942 353.942
30 31900 24 R 0.150 351.567 353.567
31 32350 25 L 1.010 351.342 353.342
32 35035 26 R 0.180 349.699 351.699
33 36035 27 R 2.660 348.967 350.967
34 40900 28 L 0.430 346.192 348.192
35 41400 29 R 1.250 345.867 347.867
36 42050 30 L 0.600 345.392 347.392
37 44500 31 R 1.800 336.942 338.942
38 46140 32 L 0.440 333.740 335.490
39 47615 33 L 0.090 332.865 334.615
40 48140 34 L 0.020 332.590 334.340
41 48200 35 R 0.120 332.465 334.215
42 48315 36 R 0.320 332.415 334.165
43 50000 37 L 0.140 329.715 331.465
44 50470 38 L 0.620 329.215 330.965
45 51245 39 L 0.090 328.765 330.365
46 51695 40 L 0.050 328.440 330.040
47 51695 41 L 0.180 328.440 330.040
48 51695 42 L 0.220 328.440 330.040
49 51800 43 L 0.140 328.390 329.990
50 52180 44 R 0.020 328.115 329.715
51 58040 45 L 0.020 320.040 321.640
52 58850 46 R 2.300 319.540 321.140
53 59350 47 L 1.030 319.190 320.790
54 60840 48 L 0.070 318.215 319.815
55 62300 49 L 0.120 315.665 317.265
56 63650 50 R 0.560 314.815 316.415
57 63850 51 L 0.130 314.640 316.240
58 64300 52 L 0.120 314.315 315.915
59 64750 53 R 0.070 314.015 315.615
60 65470 54 L 0.020 313.465 315.065
61 67270 55 L 0.510 311.965 313.565
62 67350 56 R 0.750 311.840 313.040
63 67580 57 R 0.090 311.715 312.915
64 69080 58 L 0.460 310.690 311.890
65 69860 59 L 0.050 307.740 308.940
66 71280 60 L 0.230 305.315 306.515
67 72750 61 L 0.020 304.315 305.515
40
Sluices in Avinashi branch canal
41
Sluices in Kanuvakkarai sub-branch canal
b) Test pit/bore-hole data for deciding the nature of the foundation – Not done
c) Bed level, FSL & capacity of the canal at the point of entry of the structure
Refer table above
Tunnel
a) Salient features, location, type, capacity
Based on the recommendations furnished by the Geological Survey of India vide their
Preliminary stage Geotechnical Investigation Report No. 2 dated September, 2013 (Ref.:
EG/C/SR/TNP/2012/113), the tunnel portion and their locations are as follows.
The size of the tunnel is arrived as 2.03m x 12m to carry a discharge of 56.63 cumecs
(2000cusecs) surmounted by 6m radius semi-circular arch.
42
S. Description Bedlevel of FSL of Capacity
No. canal @ canal @ in cumecs
entry of entry of
tunnel in m tunnel in m
1 Tunnel 1 @ LS 300m 424.000 426.000 56.63
2 Tunnel 2 @ LS 16400m 410.810 412.810 56.63
g) Cross drainage
The factors which affect the selection of suitable type of cross drainage works are:
Relative bed levels and water levels of canal and drainage and size of the canal and drainage
(i) Criteria for maximum flood discharge and HFL of the drainage
Canal syphon
In case of canal syphon the FSL of the canal is much above the
bed level of the drainage trough/road crossing, so that the canal runs under
the syphonic action. The canal bed is lowered and a ramp is provided at
the exit so that the trouble of silting is minimized.
Super passage:
The hydraulic structure in which the drainage is passing over the
irrigation canal is known as super passage. This structure is suitable when the bed level of
drainage is above the flood surface level of the canal. The water of the canal passes
clearly below the drainage. The FSL of the canal is lower than the underside of the trough
carrying drainage water. Thus, the canal water runs under the gravity.
Aqueduct:
When the HFL of the drain is sufficiently below the bottom of the canal such
that the drainage water flows freely under gravity, an aqueduct is proposed.
Syphon aqueduct:
In case of the syphon Aqueduct, the HFL of the drain is much higher above the canal
bed, and water runs under syphonic action through the Aqueduct barrels.
43
4. When canal bed level/road crossing level is much lower, but the FSL of canal is
higher than the bed level of drainage/road, a canal syphon is opted.
(iii) Percentage of fluming proposed – Provided in the drawing of individual structure
(i) Escapes, falls, road bridges, standing wave flumes – basic design criteria
Escapes:
Escape regulators are provided in the canal to release any unforeseen excessive flood
being diverted into the canal. The location of escape regulators is tabulated below, with
design flood discharge. The estimate for this component is arrived based on approximate
design assumptions.
Falls:
Whenever the available natural ground slope is steeper than the designed bed slope of
the channel, the difference is adjusted by providing vertical ‗falls‘ or ‗drops‘ across the canal
bed. The estimates for drops are arrived vide design approximations. They are categorized
based on the discharge of the canal and height of drop as under:
44
Sl. No. Description No. of drops
1 Discharge - 3.57 Cumecs
1m Drop 3
1.50m Drop 6
2 Discharge - 3.23 Cumecs
1.50m Drop 1
2m Drop 1
3 Discharge - 2.35 Cumecs
1m Drop 5
2m Drop 3
4 Discharge - 0.62 Cumecs
1m Drop 3
2m Drop 1
3m Drop 2
5 In feeder canals 36
Perundurai branch canal
1 Discharge - 42.47 Cumecs
2m Drop 4
2 Discharge - 33.56 Cumecs
2m Drop 1
2.75m Drop 1
3 Discharge -23.11 Cumecs
1m Drop 2
2m Drop 3
3m Drop 1
4 Discharge -15.57 Cumecs
2m Drop 3
3m Drop 1
5 Discharge - 10.82 Cumecs
1.50m Drop 1
6 Discharge - 8.66 Cumecs
1m Drop 1
3m Drop 1
7 Discharge - 2.21 Cumecs
1.50m Drop 2
2.50m Drop 1
Kanuvakkarai sub-branch
canal
45
Sl. No. Description No. of drops
1 Discharge - 4.98 Cumecs
1m Drop 2
1.50m Drop 3
2m Drop 4
Road bridges:
For road crossings along the alignment of the canal with depth of cutting more than
5m, single lane bridges are provided for roads of 4.25m width and double lane bridges for
roads of width 7.50m. Design of road bridges were made on approximations for the purpose
of cost estimate.
Sl. No. Description Span in m Nos.
1 Main canal - LS 0m to 35200m 25 5
2 Avinashi branch canal - LS 0m to 10 7
21650m
3 Perundurai branch canal
(i) LS 0m to 20500m 20 3
16 6
(ii) LS 20500m to 45210m 14 8
(iii) LS 45210m to 72915m 8 5
5 4
4 5
Box culverts:
For road crossings with depth of cutting upto 5m, box culverts are provided as cross
masonry structure. Six types of cost estimates for approximate design have been arrived for
box culverts, for varying canal discharges as classified below.
(ii) Conditions assumed to check the stability of the structure – Stability check not done
46
balancing reservoir, forebay, penstock, power house, tail race and switchyard.
Not applicable
7.7 Instrumentation
Not carried out
8. RESERVOIR:
Reservoir component does not arise.
9. IRRIGATION PLANNING:
47
9.2 Existing crop pattern
9.2.1 Existing area under rain fed cultivation
(a) Rainfall during Monsoon (Max. Min. & Average)
The following Standard rainfall stations have been studied Annur, Avinashi,
Mettupalayam and Sundakkampalayam Standard Rain Gauge station.
Maximum rainfall during monsoon: 501.43 mm (during the year 2005)
Minimum rainfall during monsoon : 234.05 mm (during the year 2012)
Average rainfall during monsoon : 418.24 mm (average for the period 2005 – 2015
- - 3696.46 0.81
(v)Gingelly
48
The soil productivity of the project area is rated and grouped as average. (Source: Soil
atlas for Coimbatore , Tiruppur and Erode districts.)
9.3.2 Land irrigability:
The tank ayacut irrigability is classified as land that has severe limitations for sustained
use under irrigation topography. (Source: Soil atlas for Coimbatore , Tiruppur and Erode
districts.)
The existing soil in the command area is sandy loam having capability to irrigate the
crop like Pulses, Maize, Groundnut, Sunflower and Gingelly.
9.4.1 Rainfall
The rainfall stations available in and around the command area are: Mettupalayam,
Annur, Sundakkampalayam and Avinashi,
9.4.2 Temperature
The mean daily maximum and minimum temperatures observed at Coimbatore,
Tiruppur and Erode districts are 31.33° C & 21.1° C in the months of May and January
respectively.
9.4.4 Sunshine
The sunrises low shine in the and rises peak in the day time and decreases in the
evening time usually, but it varies pertaining to seasons wise spring, summer, winter, rainy
and autumn.
9.4.6 Evaporation
Evaporation is proportional to the sunshine The sunrises low shine in the and rises peak
in the day time and decreases in the evening time usually, but it varies pertaining to seasons
wise spring, summer, winter, rainy and autumn.
9.4.7 Cloud Cover
The sky is heavily clouded during the monsoon season. During remaining part of the
49
year, clear or lightly clouded sky prevails.
Normally in Mettupalayam, Annur, Avinashi and Sundakkampalayam blocks of
Coimbatore and Tiruppur Districts, the crops grown are pulses, maize, sunflower, gingelly
and groundnut, the growing period of the crop is 150 days. The crop stage of field
preparation, germination-establishment, active growth, resistive, lag, panic stage, flag leaf
requirement, maturity and harvesting is considered and corresponding crop factors are
applied and the evapotranspiration, effective rainfall, net requirement of water are calculated
by modified penman method. The calculation have been worked out
9.4.8 Climate
The climate of the area is generally hot and humid with little variation during the year.
Three seasons prevail in the area Viz, monsoon from October to December, winter from
January to February and summer from March to May. The data on rainfall, Temperature,
Relative humidity, wind speed, cloud cover, etc., are available at this observatories.
- - 3696.46 0.81
(v)Gingelly
9.6 Crop water requirements:-
In designating water use by crops, evaporation and transpiration are combined into one
term evapotranspiration (ETo) as it is difficult to separate these two losses in cropped fields.
Evapotranspiration calculated from Modified Penman Monteith method is used for crop water
requirement due to its resemblance with the actual field performance. The actual
Evapotranspiration for Pulses, Maize, Groundnut, Sunflower and Gingelly is determined by the
50
analysis of the concurrent record rainfall and other climatological factors from the watershed.
The Crop water requirement is calculated by modified Penman Monteith method for
Pulses, Maize, Groundnut, Sunflower and Gingelly. Eto, crop co-effcient, crop period are
collected from Ground Water TNPWD and Agricultural Departments.
51
c)Humidity (Max, min, ave) - 72.11 %, 63.50 %, 68.16%
d)Evapo-transpiration - 4.97 mm
10.1.3 Irrigation:
Present source of irrigation in the command Area:
At present the main source of irrigation in the command area is through
wells and rainfed. Methods of Irrigating the crops through openwells , borewells
and micro level irrigation such as Drip irrigation and sprinkler irrigation. Existing
field channels are unlined and slope of the field channels are gentle as easy flow of
water. Soil present in the irrigable area is permeable and drainable , hence there is no
area is affected by water logging and flooding .
10.1.4 Socio economic aspect:
Population of these three districts is around 3746817 and major occupation is
agriculture. Most of the farmers are small farmers doing cultivation in their own
lands.. By implementation of the scheme, will improve the drinking water situation
prevailing the enroute of the canal by means of ground water recharge and support the
cattle rearing in the region which will improve the economic condtions of the people
living in the project area.
52
moderate, granular structure; slightly hard when dry, friable to somewhat firm when
moist; pH6.3; plentiful roots. For a depth 120cm plus Lime concretions.
The parent material of the soil in Erode district is silty clay
(Kangeyampalayam series). For a depth of 0-25cms Dark gray brown (10YR4(2) dry,
very dark gray (1OYR3j1) moist; silty clay; strong, coarse subangular blocky
structure; very hard, very firm, sticky and plastic; pH 7.3; slowly permeable; abundant
roots; abrupt smooth boundary. For a depth of 25-36 dark brown(7.5YR4/4) dry; dark
brown (7.5YR4j2) moist; sandy loam; moderate, medium, sub angular blocky
structure; hard firm, non sticky, and non plastic; many, fine prominent, very dark
grayish brown(IOYR3/2) mottling; pH7.6 moderately rapid permeability; few roots;
abrupt smooth boundary, for a depth 36-155cms strong brown (7.5YR5j6) dry; dark
brown (7.5YR4j4) moist, sandy loam; strong coarse, crumb structure; hard, firm, non
sticky and non plastic; Ph 7.6; rapidly permeable; abrupt, smooth boundary. For a
depth 155-216cms dark brown (7.SYR4/4) moist, clay loam; medium fine crumb
structure; friable, slightly sticky, non plastic, Ph 7.6; rapidly permeable, diffuse
boundary. For a depth 216cms and above clay loam with conca, slightly calcareous.
(Source: Soil Atlas of Coimbatore, Tiruppur & Erode district)
10.2.3 Soils:
a.)Origin
The soils of Coimbatore, Tiruppur & Erode district can be classified into i) Red soil
ii) red lateritic soil iii) brown soil and iv) alluvial soil. The soils are mostly in situ in
nature, lateritic, earthy and pale reddish in colour. They are derived from laterisation
of gneisses. The soils derived from gneisses are mostly brownish. The thickness of
soils in the mounts is almost negligible whereas in the valleys it is around 2m.
(Source: Soil Atlas of Coimbatore, Tiruppur & Erode district)
b) Texture:
The texture of the soil in Coimbatore district is fine sandy loam. ,in Tiruppur
district is fine Colluvial soil and in Erode district is silty clay.
(source: soil atlas of Coimbature, Tiruppur & Erode district)
c) Depth:
The depth of soil is classified as very deep (above 100cms) (Source: Soil
Atlas of Coimbatore, Tiruppur & Erode district)
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e) Salinity:
The project area is classified as non saline area. (Source: Soil Atlas of
Coimbatore, Tiruppur & Erode district)
f) Productivity status:
The productivity is classified as poor and rating is 1-8 points (Source: Soil
Atlas of Coimbatore, Tiruppur & Erode district)
10.3. Drainage :
The field surplus flows through natural terrain of the lower tank and it
gradually drains, so there is no draining problem.
10.4 Agriculture:
10.4.1 Present land use:
The land use pattern of the entire Coimbatore and Tiruppur district is
classified and tabulated as below. (Source: Government of Tamilnadu Official
Website)
The land use pattern of the entire Erode district is classified and tabulated as
below. (Source: Government Of Tamilnadu Official Website)
Sl.no Land use Erode District
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3 Barren and uncultivable land 7074 ha 0.90%
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10.4.3 Agricultural practice:
The existing agricultural practice is only for the first crop cultivation and
water is being supplied by rotational water supply. After implementation of this
project maximum success is assured by adopting improved water management
practices, seeds, manure and pesticides.
10.9 Benefits:
The total cost of the project is Rs.352300.00 lakhs and the incremental rate of
return keeping life of the project up to 100 years is 6.67%. The values of yield
received from the agricultural department are taken for calculation of B.C.Ratio.
There will be increase in labour employment during construction period, and
also after the implementation of the project agricultural labour requirement will
increase. Marketing facilities available in nearby Coimbatore, Tiruppur, Avinashi,
Annur, uthukulli, Gobichettipalayam and Perundurai towns for banking credits, etc.
11)FLOOD CONTROL :
This project is aims to divert 2TMC of water from bhavani river during flood periods
only. Except surplus weir to divert water at offtake point at Thondai village 5km upstream of
Pillur dam across Bhavani river.
56
12)DRAINGE:
This project is aims to divert required quantity of 2TMC water from bhavani river
during flood periods to feed tanks and ponds. During rainy days ,excess water assessed is
diverted through escape regulator to natural drains .Hence there is no drainage component
invoved.
13)POWER:
This project aims only to improve ground water table there by improving irrigation
and water supply , hence no power component involved.
14) NAVIGATION:
15.CONSTRUCTION PROGRAMME
i) Construction programme:
It is proposed to complete the project with duration of seven year including
Preliminary works, closing of accounts including the rainy season. The implementation
schedule based on quantity of items and finance.
Foreign exchange element does not arise as the proposal is to the Government of
India.
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environmental impact.
18. ESTIMATE
18.1 The Central Water Commission revised guidelines for Preparation of Detailed project
report of Irrigation & Multipurpose projects-part-I has been followed for preparation of the
detailed project report. This estimate has been prepared using Schedule of Rates for the
year 2015-16 and as per the general procedure adopted by the Tamil Nadu Public Works
Department, provision for 5% escalation charges for the year 2015-16 has been included
in the estimate to arrive the cost of estimate for the year 2016-17.
18.2 Classification of Units
The project works have to be grouped into the following units:
(i) Unit-I Head Works including diversion weir and leading channel
(ii) Unit-II Main canals, branches, and distribution system inclusive of all pucca works.
General Abstract of Cost
Sl.no Description of Item Cost in
Crore (Rs.)
18.2 Classification of Units:
i) Unit-I (Head works) 30.00
ii) Unit-II (Main canals, branches and distribution 3493.00
system inclusive of all pucca works)
iii) Unit-III (Hydro Electric Installations) 0.00
iv) Unit-IV (Navigation Works) 0.00
v) Unit-V (Water Supply Works) 0.00
vi) Unit-VI (Command Area Development Works) 0.00
Grand Total 3523.00
18.3. Account heads:
The details of estimate under Account heads are classified under Minor Heads as
(i) Direct Charges, (ii) Indirect charges
(i) Direct charges:
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Under this head (I) Works ,(II) Establishment , (III) Tools and Plants, (IV) Suspense, (V)
Receipts and recoveries on capital account has been involved. In this estimate the item (I)
works and Item (V) Receipts and recoveries on capital amount only involved and the details
are tabulated as below.
The details are classified under the Sub Head of Under I – Works are tabulated as given
below.
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G) Bridges (for canals only) 36.48
H) Escapes (for canals only) 29.68
I) Navigation works 0.00
J) Power Plant Civil Works 0.00
K) Buildings 0.00
L) Earthwork 277.41
M) Plantation 0.00
N) Tanks and reservoirs 0.00
O) Miscellaneous 35.74
P) Maintenance 0.00
Q) Special T&P 0.00
R) Communications 0.00
S) Power Plant and Electrical Mechanical system 0.00
T) Water Supply Works 0.00
U) Distributaries minors and sub-minors 96.00
V) Water courses 0.00
W) Drainage (to be clubbed with Environment and ecology) 0.00
X) Environment and ecology 0.00
Y) Losses on stock 0.00
Sub Total of (18.3.2-I- works) 3493.99
18.2 1.(i).V Receipts and Recoveries on capital amount -5.92
18.3 1.(ii) Indirect Charges (Audit & Account charges) 34.94
Grand Total in Crore 3523.00
The total estimate cost works out to Rs.3523 Crores for the year 2016-2017.
The Abstract of the Detailed Sub-Heads under l-Works and the typical estimate
abstract for works involved in each item are enclosed
18.3.2. A. Preliminary:
Provision for Conducting bore log operations to check the feasibility of tunnel
formation including consultation charges has been given as Rs.0.80 crores as lumpsum
provision.
18.3.2.B. Lands
A total area of 956.27 Hectares of land is to be acquired for the main canal and two
branch canals namely Avinashi Branch and Perundurai branch canal inclusive of an sub
branch canal namely Kannuvakkarai sub branch canal in this project. The extent of Patta,
poromboke and Reserved forest area to be acquired for this project as given in the table
herewith.
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Sl.No. Name of Canal & Patta Land Poromboke Reserved
Length in m in Hectares land in Forest Land
Hectares in Hectares
1) Main Canal -35200m 219.08 5.87 11.33
2) Avinashi Branch 165.07 18.62 -
Canal – 21650m
3) Perundurai Branch 501.51 8.00 -
Canal – 72915m
4) Kanuvakkarai Branch 26.79 - -
Canal -5200m
Total 912.45 32.49 11.33
The approximate width of land acquisition required in each field has been arrived based
on the canal design and depth of cutting and the cross sections of canal at 100m interval.
The cost of land acquisition has been arrived based on the guide line value of land
available in the official web-site www.tnreginet.net of Dept. of Registration, Govt. of
Tamilnadu.
The details of Land acquisition fields along with the name of revenue villages, required
length and width and approved guideline values of all the main, branch canals are enclosed.
The Government in the G.O. (M.S.) No.66 PW (I.Spl.2) Dept. Dt.18.02.2016 has
accorded an Administrative Sanction for an amount of Rs. 3.27 crores to commence the
prerequisite works to implement the ―Athikadavu-Avinashi Scheme as an Irrigation, Ground
Water Recharge and Drinking Water Supply Scheme‖ forthwith.
State Government allotted Rs. 0.50 Crores for field survey and documentation for
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preparation of land plan schedule for land acquistion to acquire the above Patta lands. The
preparation for the Land Plan Schedule is under progress .
18.3.2.C. Works
A total amount of Rs.1606.57 Crores has been arrived for construction of head works
ie, construction of Weir & leading channel, Construction of Tunnel, Cut & Cover are include
under this. About Rs.30.00 Crores for Weir & Leading channel, Rs.650.00 Crores for Tunnel,
Rs.701.07 Crores for Cut & Cover have been arrived. The details of items involved in C-
Works are enclosed
The tunnel estimate has been arrived approximately as Rs 0.1 crore per running m
run.
For Cut & Cover about 21 different types of estimates involved based on the Canal
discharge and average height of overburden pressure and the detailed estimation and abstract
of each item in C) Works are enclosed
For Petty supervisions, contingencies and unforeseen items has been given as
Rs.82.61 Crores as lumpsum provision. Rate escalation for the year 2016-17 about 5% of
works has been included in this estimate.
18.3.2.E. Falls
Along the canals totally 92 Nos drops , are proposed at various places at various
height ranging from 1m to 3m wherever necessary based on the levels, Profile of
Longitudinal section of main & branch canal which is estimated to Rs.26.44 Crores.
Separate estimate for each type of drop is attached
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Nos of Box culverts are proposed at a cost of Rs.36.48 Crores. Typical estimates are arrived
depends on the canal discharge and incorporated in this estimate adopting the average lead
cost for construction materials involved in it. Typical estimates enclosed.
18.3.2.L.Earthwork
A total length of 134.965 Km canal has to be excavated for main and branch canals
for an estimate amount of Rs. 227.41 Crores. For which 35.2Km of Main canal,
21.65Km of Avinashi Branch canal, 72.915Km of Perundurai branch canal and 5.2Km of
Kanuvakkarai sub branch canal has to be excavated.
The quantum of Cutting and filling earth work are calculated based on the existing
ground level, proposed canal bed level, depth of cutting, canal slope adopted, canal bed width
and side slope in the different reaches. The cross section of canals at 100m interval plotted
and the earth work quantities are calculated.
The excavated earth has been classified as Top soil, Hard Gravelly Soil(HGS), Soft
Disintegrated Rock soil(SDR), Medium and dense medium rock not requiring blasting
(MR&DMR NRB), Medium and dense medium rock requiring blasting (MR&DMR RB) and
Hard rock requiring blasting (HR) as per trial pits made along the canal stretch.
The 90% of used top soil& HGS excavated will be reused for filling earth work with 2
km lead for forming bunds in Jeep track and spoil bank. The balance required earth will be
conveyed from 10 Km surroundings with 2 Km cart track lead.
Disposing of the unused excavated soil ie, Soft Disintegrated soil, Medium and
dense medium rock from canal to the places shown by the Departmental officers for the
average lead 10 km deposited on the govt. low lying poromboke lands has been proposed.
Casting and fixing of Demarcation stone at 200m interval and Kilometer stone at
every kilometer has to be provided in this estimate adopting average lead for material cost.
The Typical estimate for the stones are enclosed. Clearing of Light, Scrub and juliflora
jungle wherever necessary. Lumpsum provision for dewatering whenever necessary and
provision for Change in classification of soil, variation in quantities, Fluctuation in Rates,
etc @ 10 % of earthwork estimate will be given.
The total Quantity of earth work details are given below:
1. Earthwork in all soils except hard rock requiring blasting -6125418 cum
2. Earthwork excavation in Medium and dense medium rock requiring blasting requiring
blasting - 2041807 cum
3. Earthwork excavation in Hard Granite requiring blasting - 2041806 cum
4. Conveyance of earth suitable for forming Jeep track and spoil bank from the local source
for a lead of 10 km - 432175 cum
The detailed estimate and abstract along with earthwork Quantity calculation are
enclosed.
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18.3.2.O. Miscellaneous
Lumpsum provisions for providing Name Boards, Hydraulic particulars Boards etc,
Documentation charges, Photographic and video coverage charges, advertisement charges
and Provision for labour welfare fund at 1% at total estimate cost of works has been included
under this head for an amount of Rs.35.74 Crores details enclosed.
19.FINANCIAL RESOURCES
The proposed main canal, perundurai branch, Avinashi branch and kanuvakkarai sub
branch canal comes in Coimbatore,Tiruppur and Erode districts respectively. In the above
Tiruppur, Avinashi, Annur,sulur and perundurai blocks in respective taluks are
drought prone areas.
Total ayacut benifited in the above three districts is 9446.963Hec.Out of these
8353.76 Hec (35.8%) comes in Drought prone area and 6064.87 Hec.(64.2%)comes in non
Drought prone area.
The total estimate cost works out to 3523 crore. Fund allocation by Central
Government and State Government in Drought prone areas and non Drought prone areas is
given below.
Total area to be irrigated = 9446.963Hec (23334 Acre)
Area under DPAP = 3382.089Hec (8353.76 Acre)
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Area under non DPAP = 6064.87Hec (14980.23Acre)
Total estimated cost = 3523 crore
DPAP area in % = [ 8553.76]/23334*100
= 35.8008%
Non DPAP area in = 64.199%
20. REVENUES:
Only land revenue is collected as tax for the crop period from the land holders by
Revenue Department, TamilNadu.
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vi)Catchment area treatment
This proposal is for only indirect irrigation benefits and
hence catchment area treatment does not arise.
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Proforma for Internal Rate of Return.
21.3.2 The B.C. ratio, financial return statements and Internal Rate of Return for the
Irrigation component of the Project:
The total cost of the project is Rs. 3523 crore, the B.C Ratio is 0.11:1, the internal rate
of return is Rs. 320 Lakhs and 6.67 %. The values of yield received from the agricultural
department are taken for calculation of B.C.Ratio. The yield of pulses, sunflower, gingelly ,
maize and groundnut production are increased by 692.27 tonnes, 1480.65 tonnes, 1045.97
tonnes, 2685.79 tonnes and 291.40 tonnes respectively and value of rupees 2432 lakhs.
There will be increase in labour employment during construction period, and also
after the implementation of the project agricultural labour requirement will increase.
Marketing facilities available in nearby Coimbatore, Tiruppur, Erode Districts for banking
credits, etc.
The B.C. ratio and Internal Rate of Return for the Irrigation component of the project
shall be prepared as per sub-para 21.2 above has been prepared and attached.
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21.3.3 Financial Return for Power component of Multipurpose Project:
This is a medium irrigation project which can be executed within 7 years. Since
this is a new project Financial Return for Power component of Multipurpose Project does
not arise.
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