SUBJECT: HEAT TRANSFER Lab (M.

E 6th SEM) viva questions

QUESTIONS
EXP 1: To find out the thermal conductivity of a given metallic rod
 What is steady-state condition?
 What is heat conduction?
 What is thermal conductivity?
 Name the material having highest & least thermal conductivity?
 What is effect of temperature on thermal conductivity of gases?
 State Fourier law?
 What is effect of temperature on thermal conductivity of metals?

EXP 2: To find out the thermal conductivity of the given insulating powder
 Name the material used for insulation purpose & as heating element?
 Heat Transfer takes place according to which law of thermodynamics?

EXP 3: To find out the emissivity of a given gray body

 What is emissivity?
 What is gray and black body?

EXP 4: Forced convection apparatus

 What is Orifice - meter?
 What is the function of blower?
 What is Newton’s law of cooling?

EXP 5: Natural convection apparatus

 What is the range of ‘h’ for Natural convection in gases & liquids?
 What is Nusselt Number?
 What is a boundary layer?

EXP 6: To find out the efficiency of pin fin in natural convection conditions
 What is the application of fins?
 Explain the method of heat transfer in extend surface?
 What type of fin posses highest heat dissipation rate according to cross section & arrangement?

EXP 7: To find out the value of Stephan Boltzmann constant using Stephan Boltzmann apparatus
 What is Stephan Boltzmann law & its constant value?
 What is the effect on internal energy of an object during radiation?

EXP 8&9: To find the value of LMTD for the counter flow and parallel flow heat exchangers
 What is heat exchanger?
 Explain LMTD?
 For evaporators & condensers ,LMTD for parallel & counter flow is
 What is the value of LMTD if heat capacity of both fluids is same?
 What is Relative direction of motion of fluids?
 When NTU method is particularly useful in design of heat exchangers?

EXP 10: To study heat transfer with phase change

 What is nucleate boiling?

 Dropwise condensation usually occurs on which surfaces?
 ANSWERS

EXP 1: To find out the thermal conductivity of a given metallic rod

 Steady state implies that temperature at each point of system remains constant in due course of
time.
 Conduction is the transfer of heat from one part of a substance to another part or to another
substance in physical contact with it.
 Thermal conductivity is the rate of heat transfer through a unit thickness of material per unit area
per unit temperature difference.
 Diamond & Freon-12.
 Thermal conductivity of gases increases with increasing temperature.
 Fourier law: the rate of heat conduction through a material depends on geometry of medium, its
thickness & material of the medium as well as temperature across the medium.
 Thermal conductivity of the metals decreases with increase in temperature.

EXP 2: To find out the thermal conductivity of the given insulating powder

 For insulation: Glass wool, wood, cork, Freon-12; as heating element: Nichrome.
 Heat Transfer takes place according to second law of thermodynamics..

EXP 3: To find out the emissivity of a given gray body

 Emissivity is defined as the ratio of emissive power of anybody to the emissive power of a black
body.
 For gray body emissivity varies between 0 to 1 & for black body emissivity is 1.

EXP 4: Forced convection apparatus

 Orifice- meter is used to measure discharge.

 Blower is an external mechanical device which is essential for forced convection process.
 The rate equations for convective heat transfer between a surface and an adjacent fluid is
prescribed by Newton’s law of cooling.

EXP 5: Natural convection apparatus

 Range of ‘h’for natural convection in gases is 3-25W/m2-k & for liquids it is 50-350W/m2-k..
 Nusselt Number represents the enhancement of heat transfer through a fluid layer as a result of
convection relative to conduction across a same layer. Larger the Nu, more effective is convection.
 Boundary layer is a thin layer at the surface where gradients of both velocity & temperature are
large.
 ANSWERS

EXP 6: To find out the efficiency of pin fin in natural convection conditions

 Fins are applicable on: internal combustion engines, compressors, motors, transformers etc.
 Fins enhance heat transfer from a surface by exposing a larger surface area to convection.
 Drop shape C.S Fin > Circular C.S > Rectangular C.S & large number of thin fins are preferred.

EXP 7: To find out the value of Stephan Boltzmann constant using Stephan Boltzmann apparatus

 The emissive power of a black body is proportional to fourth power of its absolute temperature &
its constant’s value is 5.67*10-8 W/m2-k.
 In radiation, internal energy of an object decreases.

EXP 8&9: To find the value of LMTD for the counter flow and parallel flow heat exchangers

 Heat exchanger is equipment which transfers the energy from a hot fluid to cold fluids, with
maximum rate & minimum investment.
 LMTD is defined as the temperature difference which, if constant, would give the same rate of heat
transfer as actually occurs under variable conditions of temperature difference.
 For evaporators & condensers, LMTD for parallel & counter flow is equal/same.
 If heat capacity of both fluids is same, then LMTD is equal to temperature difference at either ends.
 Relative direction of motion of fluids: Parallel, Counter & Cross flow.
 NTU method is necessary if outlet temperature of both fluids is not known as priori.

EXP 10: To study heat transfer with phase change

 In Nucleate boiling bubbles are created by expansion of entrapped gas or vapour at small cavities
in the surface when liquid is overheated in relation to saturation temperature.
 Dropwise condensation usually occurs on oily surfaces.