EEC 130A : Formula Sheet

Up to Midterm 2

Updated: Mar. 7th 2012

1 Electrostatics
dl0
Z
1 ρl
E= R̂0
Force on a point charge q inside a static elec- 4π l0 R02
tric field
Electric field produced by an infinite sheet
F = qE
of charge
Gauss’s law
ρs
E = ẑ
I 2
D · dS = Q or ∇·D=ρ
S Electric field produced by an infinite line of
charge
Electrostatic fields are conservative
I D Dr ρl
∇×E=0 or E · dl = 0 E= = r̂ = r̂
  2πr
C

Electric field produced by a point charge q Electric field - scalar potential relationship
in free space
q (R − Ri )
Z P2
E= E = −∇V or V2 − V1 = − E · dl
4π0 |R − Ri |3 P1

Electric field produced by a volume charge Electric potential due to a point charge
distribution (with infinity chosen as the reference)

1
Z
ρv dV 0 q
E= R̂0 V =
4π R02 4π0 |R − Ri |
V0

Electric field produced by a surface charge Poisson’s equation

distribution
ρ
∇2 V = −
1
Z
ρs ds0 
E= R̂0
4π S0 R02
Constitutive relationship in dielectric mate-
Electric field produced by a line charge dis- rials
tribution D = 0 E + P

1
where P is the polarization. Gauss’s law for magnetism
I
P = 0 χe E ∇ · B = 0 or B · dS = 0
S
Electrostatic energy density
Ampere’s law
1
we = E 2 I
2 ∇×H=J or H · dl = I
C
Boundary conditions
Magnetic flux density — magnetic vector
E1t = E2t or n̂ × (E1 − E2 ) = 0 potential relationship

B=∇×A

D1n − D2n = ρs or n̂ · (D1 − D2 ) = ρs

Magnetic potential produced by a current
distribution
Ohm’s law
J = σE µ
Z
J
A= dV 0
Conductivity 4π V0 R0
σ = ρv µ Vector Poisson’s Equation
where µ stands for charge mobility.
Joule’s law ∇2 A = −µJ

Magnetic field intensity produced by an in-

Z
P = E · J dv finitesimally small current element (Biot-
Savart law)

2 Magnetostatics I dl × R̂
dH =
4π R2
Force on a moving charge q inside a magnetic
field Magnetic field produced by an infinitely long
F = qu × B wire of current in the z-direction

Force on an infinitesimally small current el- I

H = φ̂
ement Idl inside a magnetic field 2πr

dFm = Idl × B Magnetic field produced by a circular loop

of current in the φ-direction
Torque on a N -turn loop carrying current I Ia2
inside a uniform magnetic field H = ẑ
2(a2 + z 2 )3/2
T=m×B
Constitutive relationship in magnetic mate-
where m = n̂N IA. rials

2
 4 Constants
B = µ0 H + µ0 M
Free space permittivity
Magnetization
0 = 8.85 × 10−12 F/m
M = χm H
Free space permeability
Boundary conditions µ0 = 4π × 10−7 H/m

B1n = B2n or n̂ · (B1 − B2 ) = 0

H1t − H2t = Js or n̂ × (H1 − H2 ) = Js

Magnetostatic energy density

1
wm = µH 2
2

3 Useful Integrals

Z
dx √
√ = ln(x + x2 + c2 )
x 2 + c2
Z
dx 1 x
2 2
= tan−1
x +c c c
Z
dx 1 x

= √
2 3/2 2
c x 2 + c2
x2 + c
Z
x dx √
√ = x 2 + c2
x 2 + c2
Z
x dx 1
= ln (x2 + c2 )
x 2 + c2 2
Z
x dx 1
2 2 3/2
= −√
(x + c ) x + c2
2
Z
dx 1
2
=−
(a + bx) b(a + bx)