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Beams
Beams
Fall 2018
2
Shear and Bending Moment Diagrams
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Shear and Bending Moment Diagrams
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Shear and Bending Moment Diagrams
Example 1 SOLUTION:
Treating the entire beam as a rigid
body, determine the reaction forces
Example 1
SOLUTION:
Treating the entire beam as a rigid body, determine
the reaction forces
F y 0 M B : RB 46 kN RD 14 kN
Section the beam and apply equilibrium analyses
on resulting free-bodies
Fy 0 20 kN V1 0 V1 20 kN
M1 0 20 kN 0 m M1 0 M1 0
Fy 0 20 kN V2 0 V2 20 kN
M2 0 20 kN 2.5 m M 2 0 M 2 50 kN m
V3 26 kN M 3 50 kN m
V4 26 kN M 4 28 kN m
V5 14 kN M 5 28 kN m
Example 1
Identify the maximum shear and bending-
moment from plots of their distributions.
Vm 26 kN M m M B 50 kN m
833.33 10 6 m3
MB 50 103 N m
m
S 833.33 10 6 m3
m 60.0 106 Pa
Example 2
SOLUTION:
Replace the 10 kip load with an
equivalent force-couple system at D.
Find the reactions at B by considering
the beam as a rigid body.
Example 2
SOLUTION:
Replace the 10 kip load with equivalent force-
couple system at D. Find reactions at B.
From C to D :
Fy 0 24 V 0 V 24 kips
M 2 0 24 x 4 M 0 M 96 24x kip ft
From D to B :
V 34 kips M 226 34x kip ft
Example 2
Apply the elastic flexure formulas to
determine the maximum normal stress to
the left and right of point D.
From Appendix C for a W10x112 rolled
steel shape, S = 126 in3 about the X-X axis.
To the left of D :
M 2016kip in
m m 16.0 ksi
S 126in 3
To the right of D :
M 1776kip in m 14.1ksi
m
S 126in 3
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Load, Shear, and Bending Moment
VD VC w dx
xC
dM
V
dx
xD
Fig. 5.9 (a) Simply supported beam subjected to a
distributed load, with a small element between C
M D MC V dx
xC
and C’, (b) Free-body diagram of the element. 12
area under shear curve between C and D
Load, Shear, and Bending Moment
Example 3
SOLUTION:
Taking the entire beam as a free body,
determine the reactions at A and D.
Draw the shear and bending Apply the relationship between bending
moment diagrams for the beam moment and shear to develop the bending
and loading shown. moment diagram.
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Load, Shear, and Bending Moment
Example 3
SOLUTION:
Taking the entire beam as a free body, determine the
reactions at A and D.
M A 0
0 D24 ft 20 kips6 ft 12 kips14 ft 12 kips28 ft
D 26 kips
F y 0
0 Ay 20 kips 12 kips 26 kips 12 kips
Ay 18 kips
Apply the relationship between shear and load to
develop the shear diagram.
dV
w dV w dx
dx
- zero slope between concentrated loads
Fig. 1 Free-body diagrams for finding - linear variation over uniform load segment
the reactions as well as the shear 14
diagram.
Load, Shear, and Bending Moment
Example 3
Apply the relationship between bending moment
and shear to develop the bending moment
diagram.
dM
V dM V dx
dx
- bending moment at A and E is zero
- bending moment variation between A, B,
C and D is linear
- bending moment variation between D
and E is quadratic
- net change in bending moment is equal to
areas under shear distribution segments
- total of all bending moment changes across
the beam should be zero
Fig. 1 Free-body diagram for finding the
reactions as well as the shear and bending- 15
moment diagrams.
Load, Shear, and Bending Moment
Example 4
SOLUTION:
Taking the entire beam as a free body,
determine the reactions at C.
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Load, Shear, and Bending Moment
Example 4 SOLUTION:
Taking the entire beam as a free body, determine
the reactions at C.
Fy 0 12 w0 a RC RC 12 w0 a
a a
M C 0 12 w0a L M C M C 12 w0 a L
3 3
Results from integration of the load and shear
distributions should be equivalent.
Apply the relationship between shear and load to
develop the shear diagram.
a
a
x x 2
VB V A w0 1 dx w0 x
2a
0 a 0
Fig. 1 Cantilevered beam having
distributed loading and the resulting VB 12 w0 a area under load curve
the shear diagram.
- No change in shear between B and C.
- Compatible with free body analysis
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Load, Shear, and Bending Moment
Example 4
Apply the relationship between bending moment and
shear to develop the bending moment diagram.
a
a x 2 x 2 x3
M B M A w0 x dx w0
2a 2 6a
0 0
M B 13 w0 a 2
L
M B M C 12 w0 a dx 12 w0 aL a
a
a w0 a
M C 16 w0 a3L a L
2 3
Example 4
The largest normal stress is found at the surface where the
maximum bending moment occurs.
M max c M max
m
I S
Example 5
SOLUTION:
Considering the entire beam as a free-
body, determine the reactions at A and
D.
20
Design of Prismatic Beams
Example 5
Considering the entire beam as a free-body,
determine the reactions at A and D.
M A 0 D5 m 60 kN 1.5 m 50 kN 4 m
D 58.0 kN
F y 0 Ay 58.0 kN 60 kN 50 kN
Ay 52.0 kN
Example 5
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