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Week 2 Dipole Antenna
Week 2 Dipole Antenna
gkumar@ee.iitb.ac.in
(022) 2576 7436
Infinitesimal Dipole
𝑖(𝑡) = 𝐼𝑜 𝑒 𝑗𝑤𝑡 𝑖𝑧
𝑍0 𝑍L
Case 1: 𝑍𝐿 = 0, → Z𝑖𝑛 = 𝑗𝑍0 tan𝛽𝑙
𝑍0
Case 2: 𝑍𝐿 = ∞, → Z𝑖𝑛 =
𝑗tan𝛽𝑙
𝑍in
Case 3: 𝑍𝐿 = 𝑍0 , → Z𝑖𝑛 = 𝑍0
2𝜋
Where, 𝛽=
𝜆
𝜆 For Short-circuit, ZL = 0, Zin is inductive, so T-Line represents inductance
𝑖𝑓 𝑙 < → tan𝛽𝑙 = +𝑣𝑒 Open-circuit, ZL = , Zin is capacitive, so T-Line represents capacitance
4
𝜆 𝜆
< 𝑙 < → tan𝛽𝑙 = −𝑣𝑒
4 2
Half wavelength Dipole
Electric and magnetic fields of Directivity of half-wavelength dipole
a half-wavelength dipole
𝜋 𝑈max
−𝑗𝑘𝑟
𝐼0 𝑒 cos 2 cos𝜃 𝐷0 = 4𝜋 ≃ 1.643
𝐸𝜃 ≃ 𝑗𝜂 𝑃𝑟𝑎𝑑
2𝜋𝑟 sin𝜃
𝜋 D = 2.1 dB
𝐼0 𝑒 −𝑗𝑘𝑟 cos 2 cos𝜃
𝐻𝜙 ≃ 𝑗
2𝜋𝑟 sin𝜃
λ/2 Dipole Radiation 2𝑃𝑟𝑎𝑑 Note: Input impedance for λ/2 dipole is 73+j42.5Ω.
𝑅𝑟 = 2 ≃ 73 To make imaginary part equal to zero, the antenna
Resistance |𝐼0 |
length is reduced until the input impedance
becomes real.
Design of Dipole Antenna
𝑙 + 𝑑 = 0.48𝜆, where, d is the diameter of wire and d<𝜆/10 Real Input impedance is < 68Ω.
Current Distribution of Dipole Antenna for Different Lengths
Radiation Pattern of Dipole Antenna for Different Lengths
Dipole Antenna Radiation Pattern for l = 1.25λ
D0 = 3.25
Rr
Flat Dipole Antenna
Directivity of 4.8 dB is
maximum at 3.75 GHz
where length of dipole
is approx. 1.25 λ
Printed Dipole Antenna
𝑙 𝑙
𝜆 4 Metal 𝜆 4
Coaxial line
Outer
Inner
Shorted conductor
conductor
of coax
together of coax
Ferrite core
Metal sleeve
𝑍1 (unbalanced)
𝑍1 (balanced)
Microstrip Balun Dipole Antenna BW for |S11| < 10 dB is from 881 to 967 MHz
L = 127 mm, w = 4 mm (covers GSM900 band of 890 to 960 MHz)
FR4 substrate: εr = 4.4, tanδ =
0.02, h = 1.6mm
Folded Dipole Antenna
Chip