PSNA COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY, DINDIGUL-624622

DEPARTMENT OF MATHEMATICS

MA6452 - STATISTICS AND NUMERICAL METHODS

Signature of the
Title S.No Date Content Mark
faculty
TESTING OF 1 Tutorial 1(A)
HYPOTHESIS
2 Tutorial 1(B)

3 Tutorial 2(A)
DESIGN OF
EXPERIMENTS
4 Tutorial 2(B)

5 Tutorial 3(A)
SOLUTION OF
EQUATIONS AND
6 Tutorial 3(B)
EIGEN VALUE
PROBLEMS
7 Tutorial 3(C)

INTERPOLATION, 8 Tutorial 4(A)

NUMERICAL
DIFFERENTIATION 9 Tutorial 4(B)
AND NUMERICAL
INTEGRATION 10 Tutorial 4(C)
NUMERICAL
11 Tutorial 5(A)
SOLUTIONS OF
ORDINARY
DIFFERENTIAL 12 Tutorial 5(B)
EQUATIONS
13

14

Additional Tutorials 15

16

17

1
 SYLLABUS
MA6452 STATISTICS AND NUMERICAL METHODS

UNIT I TESTING OF HYPOTHESIS 9+3

Large sample test based on Normal distribution for single mean and difference of means - Tests
based on t, 2 and F distributions for testing means and variances-Contingency table ( Test for
independency) - Goodness of fit.

UNIT II DESIGN OF EXPERIMENTS 9+3

One way and two way classifications - Completely randomize design - Randomized block design
- Latin square design - 22 factorial designs.

UNIT III SOLUTION OF EQUATIONS AND EIGEN VALUE PROBLEMS 9+3

Newton - Raphson’s method-Gauss elimination method-pivoting - Gauss Jordan methods -
Iterative methods of Gauss Jacobi and Gauss seidal - Matrix inversion by Gauss Jordan method -
Eigen values of a matrix by power method.
UNIT IV INTERPOLATION, NUMERICAL DIFFERENTIATIION AND NUMERICAL
INTEGRATION 9+3
Lagrange’s and Newton’s divided difference interpolations - Newton’s forward and backward
difference interpolation - Approximation of derivatives using interpolation polynomials -
Numerical single and Double integrations using Trapezoidal and Simpson’s 1/3 rules.
UNIT V NUMERICAL SOLUTIONS OF ORDINARY DIFFERENTIAL EQUATIONS
9+3
Taylor’s series method - Euler’s method - Modified Euler’s method - Fourth order Range - Kutta
method for solving first order equations - Milne’s predictor corrector methods for solving first
order equations - Finite difference methods for solving second order equations.
TEXT BOOKS
1. Johnson. RA. and Gupta .C.B., “Miller and Freund’s Probability and Statistics for Engineers”,
11th edition, Pearson Education, Asia 2011.
2. Grewal B.S. and Grewal J.S., “Numerical Methods in Engineering and Science”, 9th Edition,
Khanna Publishers, New Delhi,2007.

REFERNCES

1. Walpole R.E ., Myre S.L. and Ye K., “Probability and Statistics for Engineers and Scientists”, 8th
edition , Pearson Education, Asia, 2007.
2. Spiegel M.R.,Schiller J. and Srinivasan R.A., “Schaum’s Outlines on Probability and Statistics”,
Tata McGraw Hill Edition, 2004.
3. Chapra S.C. and Canale R.P., “Numerical Methods for Engineers”, 5th Edition,Tata Mc Graw
Hill, New Delhi, 2007.
4. Gerald C.F. and Wheatley P.O., “Applied Numerical Analysis”, Pearson Education Asia, New
Delhi, 2006.

2
 UNIT I
TESTING OF HYPOTHESIS

PART - A

1. Define sample size,

2. Define sample error.
3. Define standard error.
4. What is Type I, Type II error?
5. Define test statistics.
6. What are the parameters and statistics in sampling?
7. What is meant by tests of significance?
8. Mention the various steps involved in testing of hypothesis.
9. Define Null Hypothesis.
10. Define Alternative Hypothesis.
11. Define critical region.
12. Define level of significance.
13. What are the tests for small samples?
14. Define Student’s ‘t’ test.
15. Write down the formula for student’s “t” test for difference of means.
16. Define F- test.
17. State the application of F- distribution.
18. A sample of size 13 gave an estimated population variance of 3.0, while another sample
of size 15 gave an estimate of 2.5. Could both samples be form populations with the
same variance?
19. Define Chi square test.
20. Write any two applications of goodness of fit test.
21. State the uses of Chi-square distribution.
22. What are the tests for large samples?
23. Define the test of significance for single proportion.
24. Define the test of significance for difference of proportions.
25. In a large city A, 20% of a random sample of 900 school boys had a slight physical
defect. In another large city B, 18.5% of a random sample of 1600 school boys had the
same defect. Is the difference between the proportions significant?
26. Define the test of significance for single mean.
27. Define the test of significance for difference of means.
28. Define one tailed test and two tailed test.
29. Define attributes.
30. What are the expected frequencies of 2×2 contingency a b table?
c d

3
 PART - B

1. A sample of 900 members has a mean 3.4 cm and S.D 2.61 cm. Is the sample from a large
population of mean 3.25 cms and S.D of 2.61 cms?
2. Before an increase in excise duty on tea, 800 persons out of a sample of 1000 persons were
found to be tea drinkers. After an increase in duty, 800 people were tea drinkers in a sample
of 1200 people. Using standard error of proportion , state whether there is a significant
decrease in the consumption of tea after the increase in excise duty.
3. A machine produces 16 imperfect articles in a sample of 500. After machine is overhauled,
it produces 3 imperfect articles in a batch of 100. Has the machine been improved?
4. Examine whether the difference in the variability in yields is significant at 5% LOS, for the
following:
Set of 40 Set of 60
plots plots
Mean 1256 1243
SD 34 28

5. Experience has shown that 20% of a manufactured product is of top quality . In one day’s
production of 400 articles, only 50 are top quality . Show that either the production of the
day chosen was not a representative sample (or) the hypothesis of 20 % was wrong.
6. In a big city 325 men out of 600 men were found to be smokers. Does this information
support the conclusion that the majority of men in this city are smokers?
7. The means of 2 large samples 1000 and 2000 members are 67.5 inches and 68 inches
respectively. Can the samples be regarded as drawn from the same population of S.D 2.5
inches?
8. A sample of 26 bulbs gives a mean life of 990 hours with a S.D of 20 hours. The
manufacturer claims that the mean life of bulbs is 1000 hours. Is the sample not upto the
standard.
9. The average breaking strength of the steel rods is specified to be 18.5 thousand pounds. To
test this sample of 14 rods was tested. The mean and S.D obtained were 17.85 and 1.955
respectively.
10. Is the result of the experiment significant? The following table gives the number of air craft
accidents that occurred during the various days of the week. Test whether the accidents are
uniformly distributed over the week.
Days Mon Tue Wed Thu Fri Sat
No: of 14 18 12 11 15 14
accidents

4
11. The nine items of a sample had the following valves 45,47,50,52,48,47,49,53,51. Does the
mean of the 9 items differ significantly from the assumed population mean 47.5.
12. A random sample of size 16 values from a normal population showed a mean of 53 and a
sum of squares of deviation from the mean equals to 150. Can this sample be regarded as
taken from the population having 56 as mean? Obtain 95% confidence limits of the mean of
the population.
13. The nicotine content in milligrams of 2 samples of tobacco were found to be as follows:
Sample A 24 27 26 21 25 -
Sample B 27 30 28 31 22 36

Test the ‘ t’ test.

14. The means of two random samples of size 9 and 7 are 196.42 and 198.82 respectively. The
sum of the square of the deviation from the mean are 26.94 and 18.73 respectively. Can
the sample be considered to have been drawn from the same normal population.
15. In one sample of 8 observations the sum of the squares of deviations of the sample values
from the sample mean was 84.4 and in the other sample of 10 observations it was 102.6.
Test whether this difference is significant at 5% level.
16. A sample of size 13 gave an estimated population variance of 3.0, While another sample of
size 15 gave an estimate of 2.5. Could both samples be form populations with the same
variance?
17. Two random samples gave the following results:
Sample Size Sample mean Sum of squares of
deviations from the
mean
1 10 15 90
2 12 14 108
Test whether the samples come from the same normal population.
18. The following data relate to a random sample of government employees in two states of the
Indian Union.
State I State II
Sample Size 16 25
Mean 440 460
Variance 40 42

Test whether the samples come from the same normal population.
19. A die is thrown 264 times with the following results. Show that the die is biased.
No of 1 2 3 4 5 6
appeared
on the die
Frequency 40 32 28 58 54 52

5
20. 200 digits were chosen at random from a set of tables. The frequencies of the digits were:
Digit 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9

Frequency 18 19 23 21 16 25 22 20 21 15
Use the goodness of fit test.
21. 1000 students at college level were graded according to their I.Q and the economic
conditions of their homes. Use Chi square test to find out the whether there is any
association between economic conditions at home and I.Q.
I .Q
Economic High Low Total
conditions
Rich 460 140 600
Poor 240 160 400
Total 700 300 1000
22. Examine whether the nature of area is related to voting preference in the election for which
the data are tabulated below:
Group A B Total
Rural 620 480 1100
Urban 380 520 900
Total 1000 1000 2000

23. A group of 10 rats fed on diet A another group of 8 rats fed diet B, recorded the following
increase in weight
Diet 5 6 8 1 12 4 3 9 6 10
A:
Diet B: 2 3 6 8 10 1 2 8
Find if the variances are significantly different.
24. Two horses A and B were tested according to the time (in seconds) to run a particular race
with the following results:
Horse A: 28 30 32 33 33 29 34
Horse B: 29 30 30 24 27 29
Test whether horse A is running faster than horse B at 5% level.
25. Random samples of 400 men and 600 women were asked whether they would like to have a
flyover near the residence. 200 men and 325 women were in favour of the proposal. Test
the hypothesis that proportions of men and women infavour of the proposal, are same
against that they are not, at 5% level.
26. The mean production of wheat of a sample of 100 plots is 200 kgs per acre with S.D of
10kgs. Another sample of 150 plots gives the mean production of wheat at 220kgs with S.D
of 12 kgs. Assuming the S.D of the 11kgs for the universe find at 1% level of significance,
whether the two results are consistent.

6
 TUTORIAL - 1 A

PART A

1. What is Type I, Type II error?

2. Define sample error.
3. Define Null Hypothesis.
4. Define critical region.
5. Define level of significance.
6. What are the tests for large samples?
7. In a large city A, 20% of a random sample of 900 school boys had a slight physical
defect. In another large city B, 18.5% of a random sample of 1600 school boys had the
same defect. Is the difference between the proportions significant?
8. What are the expected frequencies of 2×2 contingency a b table?
c d

PART B

9. Before an increase in excise duty on tea, 800 persons out of a sample of 1000 persons
were found to be tea drinkers. After an increase in duty, 800 people were tea drinkers in a
sample of 1200 people. Using standard error of proportion, state whether there is a
significant decrease in the consumption of tea after the increase in excise duty.
10. Examine whether the difference in the variability in yields is significant at 5% LOS, for
the following:
Set of 40 Set of 60 plots
plots
Mean 1256 1243
SD 34 28

11. The means of 2 large samples 1000 and 2000 members are 67.5 inches and 68 inches
respectively. Can the samples be regarded as drawn from the same population of S.D 2.5
inches?
12. Random samples of 400 men and 600 women were asked whether they would like to
have a flyover near the residence. 200 men and 325 women were in favour of the
proposal. Test the hypothesis that proportions of men and women infavour of the
proposal, are same against that they are not, at 5% level.
13. The mean production of wheat of a sample of 100 plots is 200 kgs per acre with S.D of
10kgs. Another sample of 150 plots gives the mean production of wheat at 220kgs with
S.D of 12 kgs. Assuming the S.D of the 11kgs for the universe find at 1% level of
significance, whether the two results are consistent.

7
 TUTORIAL - 1 B

PART A

1. What is meant by tests of significance?

2. Define Student’s ‘t’ test.
3. Write down the formula for student’s “t” test for difference of means.
4. Define F- test and state the appllications.
5. State the application of F- distribution.
6. Define Chi square test.
7. Write any two applications of goodness of fit test.

PART B

8. The nine items of a sample had the following valves 45,47,50,52,48,47,49,53,51. Does
the mean of the 9 items differ significantly from the assumed population mean 47.5.
9. The means of two random samples of size 9 and 7 are 196.42 and 198.82 respectively.
The sum of the square of the deviation from the mean are 26.94 and 18.73 respectively.
Can the sample be considered to have been drawn from the same normal population.
10. A sample of size 13 gave an estimated population variance of 3.0, While another sample
of size 15 gave an estimate of 2.5. Could both samples be form populations with the same
variance?

11. Two random samples gave the following results:

Sample Size Sample mean Sum of squares of
deviations from the
mean
1 10 15 90
2 12 14 108
12. 1000 students at college level were graded according to their I.Q and the economic
conditions of their homes. Use Chi square test to find out the whether there is any
association between economic conditions at home and I.Q.
I .Q
Economic conditions High Low Total
Rich 460 140 600
Poor 240 160 400
Total 700 300 1000
Test whether the samples come from the same normal population.

8
 UNIT-II

DESIGN OF EXPERIMENTS

PART-A

1. Define “Analysis of Variance”.

2. Define experimental error.
3. What are the uses of ANOVA?
4. What do you mean by one way classification in ANOVA?
5. What do you mean by two way classification in ANOVA?
6. Write down the ANOVA table for one way classification.
7. Write down the ANOVA table for two way classification.
8. Define mean sum of squares.
9. State the formula to find SSC.
10. Write the steps to find F-ratio.
11. Explain the term “Homogenity”.
12. Discuss the advantages of the two way classification method over one way classification
if any.
13. What are the assumptions involved in ANOVA?
14. How would you compare the calculated FC with FT and conclude the analysis of
variance?
15. What are the three essential steps to plan an experiment?
16. Write basic steps in ANOVA.
17. What do you understand by “Designs of experiment”?
18. What are the basic principles of the Designs of experiments?
19. What are the advantages of the Latin square design over other designs?
20. Write the ANOVA table for RBD.
21. What are the advantages of a completely Randomized Experimental design?
22. Write down the ANOVA table for Latin square.
23. Why a 2x2 Latin square is not possible? Explain.
24. State the advantages of latin square over other designs.
25. Compare and contrast LSD and RBD.
26. State the advantages of a factorial experiment over a simple experiment.

9
 PART -B

1. A completely randomize design experiment with 10 plots and 3 treatments gave the
following result.

Plot No: 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
Treatment A B C A C C A B A B
Yield 5 4 3 7 5 1 3 4 1 7
Analyse the result for treatment effects.
2. Carry out ANOVA for the following:
A B C D
1 44 38 47 36
2 46 40 52 43
3 34 36 44 32
4 43 38 46 33
5 38 42 49 39

3. Perform Latin square experiment for the following :

Roam I II III  Three equally spaced concentrations of poison as

extracted from the scorpion fish.
Arabic 1 2 3  Three equally spaced body weights for the animals
tested.
Latin A B C  Three equally spaced times of storage of the poison
before it is administrated to the animals.
I II III
1. 0.194 0.73 1.187
A B C
2. 0.758 0.311 0.589
C A B
3. 0.369 0.558 0.311
B C A

4. Two independent samples of sizes 8 and 7 contains the following values:

Sample 19 17 15 21 16 18 16 14
I
Sample 15 14 15 19 15 18 16
II
Is the difference between sample mean significant?
5. The following table shows the lives in hours of four brands of electric lamps.

10
 Brand A 1610 1610 1650 1680 1700 1720 1800
B 1580 1640 1700 1750
C 1460 1550 1600 1620 1640 1660 1740 1820
D 1510 1520 1530 1570 1600 1680
Perform an analysis of variance test the homogeneity of the mean lives of the four brands
of lamps.
6. An experiment was designed was designed to study the performance of 4 different
detergents for cleaning fuel injectors. The following “ cleaniness” readings were obtained
with speaciality designed equipment for 12 tanks of gas distributed over 3 different
models of engines:
Engine Engine Engine Total
Detergent A 1 2 3
Detergent B 45 43 51 139
Detergent C 47 46 52 145
Detergent D 48 50 55 153
42 37 49 128
Total 182 176 207 565
Perform the ANOVA and test at 0.01 level of significance whether there are difference in
the detergents or in the engines.
7. A Survey of 320 families with five children each revealed the following distribution:
No: of Boys 0 1 2 3 4 5
No: of Girls 5 4 3 2 1 0
No: of 12 40 88 110 56 14
families
Is this result consistent with the hypothesis that male and female births are equally
probable.
8. The following are the number of mistakes made in 5 successive days of 4 technicians
working for a photographic laboratory:

Technician Technician Technician

Technician IV
I II III
(X4)
(X1) (X2) (X3)
6 14 10 9
14 9 12 12
10 12 7 8
8 10 15 10
11 14 11 11
Test at the level of significance 𝛼 = 0.01 whether the differences among the four sample
means can be attributed to chance.

9. Samples of two types of electric blubs were tested for length of life and following data
were obtained.

11
 Type I Type II
Sample size n1=8 n2=7
Sample mean 𝑋̅1 = 1234 ℎ𝑟𝑠 ̅̅̅2 = 1036 ℎ𝑟𝑠
𝑋
Sample S.D s1= 36 hrs s2= 40 hrs
Is the difference in the means sufficient to warrant that type I is superior to type II
regarding the length of life?
10. The following data are per hectare yield for 3 varieties of wheat, each grown in four
plots. Using One – way ANOVA table test whether there is a significant difference
between the average yields in the 3 varieties of wheat.

Plots of Variety of wheat

land A1 A2 A3
1 6 5 5
2 7 5 4
3 3 3 3
4 8 7 4
11. The three samples below have been obtained from normal populations with equal
variances. Test the hypothesis that the samples means are equal.

Samples
8 7 12
10 5 19
7 10 13
14 9 12
11 9 14
The value of F at 5% level of significance for 𝑣1 = 2 & 𝑣2 = 12 is 3.88.
12. The following table yields on 12 sample plots under three varieties of seed.
A B C
21 20 28
23 17 22
16 15 28
20 23 32

Find out if the average yields of land under different variances show significant
difference.
13. Perform two-way ANOVA for the given below:
Treatment
Plots of land A B C D
I 38 40 41 39
II 45 42 49 36
III 40 38 42 42

12
 Use coding method, subtracting 40 from the given numbers.
14. Three varieties A, B, C of a crop are in a randomized block design with four replications.
The plot yields in pounds are as follows.
A6 C5 A8 B9
C8 A4 B6 C9
B7 B6 C 10 A 6
Analysis the experimental yield and state your conclusion.
15. The yield of a four stains of a particular variety of wheat was planted in five randomized
blocks in Kgs per plot is given below.
Blocks
1 2 3 4 5
A 32 34 34 35 36
B 33 33 36 37 34
Strains
C 30 35 35 32 35
D 29 22 30 28 28
Test for difference between blocks and difference between strains.

16. The following table gives the monthly sales (in thousand) of a certain firm in the three
states by its four salesman.
Salesman
State
I I II I
s
I I V
A 6 5 3 8
B 8 9 6 5
C 1 7 8 7
0
Set up the analysis of variance table and test whether there is any significant difference
(i) between sales by the firm salesman and (ii) difference between sales in three states.
17. Three varieties A, B and C of a Crop are tested in a randomized block design with four
replications. The plot yield in pounds are as follows:
A 6 C 5 A 8 B 9
B 7 A 4 B 6 C 9
C 8 B 6 C 10 A 6
Analyse the experimental yield and state your conclusion
18. Five varieties of wheat A, B, C, D and E were tried. The gross size of the plot was 18ft x
22ft, the net plot being 14ft x18ft. Thus the whole experiment occupied an area 90ft x
110ft. The plan, the varieties shown in each plot and yields obtained in Kg are given in
the following table.
B 90 E 80 C 134 A 112 D 92
E 80 D 84 B 70 C 141 A 82
C 110 A 90 D 87 B 84 E 69
A 81 C125 E 85 D 76 B 72
D 82 B 60 A 94 E 85 C 88

13
 Carry out an analysis of variance what inference can you draw from the data given?
19. A tea company appoints four salesman A, B,C and D and observes their sales in three
seasons summer, winter and monsoon. The figures (in lakhs) are given in the following
table.

Salesman Seasons
Seasons
A B C D Total
3 2
6 1
Summer 36 35 128
2 3
Winter 28 32 120
9 1
Monsoon 26 29 112
2 2
8 9
Salesman’ 9 8
90 96 360
s Total 3 1
(i) Do the salesman significantly differ in performance?
(ii) Is there significant difference between the seasons.
20. To study the performance of three detergents and three different water, temperature , the
following ‘whiteness’ readings were obtained with designed equipment.
Detergent Detergent Detergent
Water Temp
A B C
Cold Water 57 55 67
Warm
49 52 68
Water
Hot Water 54 46 58
Perform a two way analysis of variance, using 5% level of significance
(Given F 5%=6.94).
21. The following is a Latin square of a design when 4 varieties of seeds are being tested, set
up the analysis of variance table and state your conclusion. You may carry out suitable
change of origin and scale.
A 105 B 95 C 125 D 115
C 115 D 125 A 105 B 105
D 115 C 95 B 105 A 115
B 95 A 135 D 95 C 115

22. Analyse the following results of a Latin square experiments.

1 2 3 4
1 A(12) D(20) C(16) B(10)
2 D(18) A(14) B(11) C(14)
3 B(12) C(15) D(19) A(13)
4 C(16) B(11) A(15) D(20)
The letters A, B, C, D denote the treatments and figures in brackets denote the
observations.

14
23. A variable trial was conducted on wheat with 4 varieties in Latin square Design. The plan of
the experiment and the per plot yield are given below.

C 25 B 23 A 20 D 20
A 19 D 19 C 21 b 18
B 19 A 14 D 17 C 20
D 17 C 20 B 21 A 15
Analyse the data.

24. An experiment was carried out to determine the effect of claying thr ground on the field of
Barley grains;amount of clay used were as follow:

A: No clay; B: Clay at 100 per acre

C: Clay at 200 per acre D: Clay at 300 per acre
I II III IV Row
Column total(Ri)
Row
I D 29.1 B 18.9 C 29.4 A 5.7 83.1
II C 16.4 A 10.2 D 21.2 B 19.2 66.9
III A 5.4 D 38.8 B24.0 C 37.0 105.0
IV B 24.9 C 41.7 A 9.5 D 28.9 105.2
Column 75.8 109.6 84.1 90.7 360.2
Total(Ci)
Perform the ANOVA and calculate the critical difference for the treatment mean yields.

25. Four types of health drinks A, B,C,D were tried on the school children. In order to study the
effect of the age groups of the children and localities, four schools from four different localities,
were selected and students were divided into four age groups . The Latin square design was
arranged. The gain in weights in same units are recorded below. Test whether the localities age
groups and the varieties of food have any significant effect on the gain in weight.

5-8 8- 11- 14- Total

11 14 17
A B C D
2 1.8 2.1 1.5 7.4
D A B C
1.3 1.4 1.0 1.2 4.9
B C D A
1.7 1.6 1.1 1.9 6.3
C D A B
0.9 1 2 1.5 5.4
Total 5.9 5.8 6.2 6.1 24

15
26. Five varieties of paddy A,B,C,D and E are tried. The plan, the varieties shown in each plot
and yields obtained in kg are given below.

B E C A D
95 85 139 117 97
E D B C A
90 89 75 146 87
C A D B E
116 95 92 89 74
A C E D B
85 130 90 81 77
D B A E C
87 65 99 89 93
Test whether there is a significant difference between rows and columns at 5% level of
significance.

27. Analyze the variance in the latin square of yields (in kgs) paddy where P,Q,R and S
denote the different methods of cultivation.

S122 P121 P123 Q122

Q124` R123 P122 S125
P120 Q199 S120 R121
R122 S123 Q121 P122
Examine whether the different methods of cultivation have given significantly different
yields.

28. A farmer wishes to test the effects of four different fertilizers A,B,C,D are the yield of
wheat. In order to eliminate sources of error due to variability in soil fertility, he uses the
fertilizers in a Latin square arrangement as indicated in the following table, where the numbers
indicate yields in bushels per unit area.

A C D B

18 21 25 11
D B A C

22 12 25 19
B A C D

15 20 23 24
C D B A

22 21 10 17

16
 Perform an analysis of variance to determine if there is a significant difference between
the fertilizers at 𝛼 = 0.05 levels of significance.
29. An experiment was planned to study the effect of sulphate of potash and super phosphate
on the yield of potatoes. All the combinations of 2 levels of super phosphate [0 cent (p0) and
5 cent (p1) / acre] and two levels of sulphate of potash [0 cent (k0) and 5 cent (k1) / acre] were
studied in a randomized block design with 4 replications for each.
1
The (1 / 70) yields [lb per plot =70 acre] obtained are given in the following table.
Analyse the data and give your exclusions.
Block
Yields(lb per plot)
s
(1) k p kp
I
23 25 22 38
p (1) k kp
II
40 26 36 38
(1) k kp p
III
29 20 30 20
kp k p (1)
IV
34 31 24 28
2
30. From the 2 factorial design of table:
Designs
Treatment Factors
Temp pH Rep1 Rep2 Total Ave.
Combinations A B
AB
(1) - - + 300 2 10 14 24 12
a + - - 350 2 21 19 40 20
b - + - 300 3 17 15 32 16
ab + + + 350 3 20 24 44 22

17
 TUTORIAL - 2 A
PART A
1. Define “Analysis of Variance”.
2. Define experimental error.
3. What are the uses of ANOVA?
4. What do you mean by one way classification in ANOVA?
5. Write down the ANOVA table for two way classification.
6. Define mean sum of squares.
7. What are the assumptions involved in ANOVA?
PART B
8. A completely randomize design experiment with 10 plots and 3 treatments gave the
following result.
Plot No: 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
Treatment A B C A C C A B A B
Yield 5 4 3 7 5 1 3 4 1 7
Analyse the result for treatment effects.
9. Carry out ANOVA for the following:

A B C D
1 44 38 47 36
2 46 40 52 43
3 34 36 44 32
4 43 38 46 33
5 38 42 49 39
10. An experiment was designed was designed to study the performance of 4 different
detergents for cleaning fuel injectors. The following “ cleaniness” readings were obtained
with speaciality designed equipment for 12 tanks of gas distributed over 3 different
models of engines:
Engine 1 Engine 2 Engine 3 Total
Detergent A 45 43 51 139
Detergent B 47 46 52 145
Detergent C 48 50 55 153
Detergent D 42 37 49 128
Total 182 176 207 565
Perform the ANOVA and test at 0.01 level of significance whether there are difference in
the detergents or in the engines.
11. A Survey of 320 families with five children each revealed the following distribution:
No: of Boys 0 1 2 3 4 5
No: of Girls 5 4 3 2 1 0
No: of 12 40 88 110 56 14
families
Is this result consistent with the hypothesis that male and female births are equally
probable.

18
 TUTORIAL - 2 B

PART A

1. Write basic steps in ANOVA.

2. What are the basic principles of the Designs of experiments?
3. Write down the ANOVA table for Latin square.
4. State the advantages of latin square over other designs.
5. Compare and contrast LSD and RBD.
6. State the advantages of a factorial experiment over a simple experiment.
7. How would you compare the calculated FC with FT and conclude the analysis of
variance?

PART B

8. Perform Latin square experiment for the following :

Roam I II III  Three equally spaced concentrations of poison as
extracted from the scorpion fish.
Arabic 1 2 3  Three equally spaced body weights for the animals
tested.
Latin A B C  Three equally spaced times of storage of the
Poisson before it is administrated to the animals.
I II III
1. 0.194 0.73 1.187
A B C
2. 0.758 0.311 0.589
C A B
3. 0.369 0.558 0.311
B C A

9. Analyse the following results of a Latin square experiments.

1 2 3 4
1 A(12) D(20) C(16) B(10)
2 D(18) A(14) B(11) C(14)
3 B(12) C(15) D(19) A(13)
4 C(16) B(11) A(15) D(20)

10. An experiment was planned to study the effect of sulphate of potash and super phosphate
on the yield of potatoes. All the combinations of 2 levels of super phosphate [0 cent (p0)
and 5 cent (p1) / acre] and two levels of sulphate of potash [0 cent (k0) and 5 cent (k1) /
acre] were studied in a randomized block design with 4 replications for each.

19
 1
The (1 / 70) yields [lb per plot =70 acre] obtained are given in the following table.
Analyse the data and give your exclusions.
Block
Yields(lb per plot)
s
(1) k p kp
I
23 25 22 38
p (1) k kp
II
40 26 36 38
(1) k kp p
III
29 20 30 20
kp k p (1)
IV
34 31 24 28
2
11. From the 2 factorial design of table:
Designs
Treatment Factors
Temp pH Rep1 Rep2 Total Ave.
Combinations A B
AB
(1) - - + 300 2 10 14 24 12
a + - - 350 2 21 19 40 20
b - + - 300 3 17 15 32 16
ab + + + 350 3 20 24 44 22

20
 UNIT – III

SOLUTIONS OF EQUATIONS AND EIGEN VALUE PROBLEMS

PART – A

1. State the order of convergence and convergence condition for Newton Raphson method.
2. On what type of equations Newton’s method can be applicable?
3. Find an iterative formula to find N , where N is a positive number by Newton’s
method.
4. Write the iterative formula of Newton-Raphson method and find an approximate root of
xe x  3 correct to three decimal places.
5. Using Newton’s method, find the root between 0 and 1 of x 3  6 x  4 , performing 2
iterations.
6. Solve the system of equations x  2 y  0,2 x  y  5 , by Gauss Elimination Method.
7. By Gauss elimination method solve x + y = 2, 2x + 3y = 5.
8. Solve 11x + 3y = 17, 2x + 7y = 16 by Gauss Elimination method.
9. State the principle used in Gauss-Jordan method.
10. Solve the linear system 4 x  3 y  11, 3x  2 y  4 by Gauss-Jordan method.
11. For solving a linear system, compare Gaussian-Elimination method and Gauss-Jordan
method.
12. Distinguish between direct and iterative method of solving simultaneous equations.
13. State the condition for convergence of Gauss-Seidel Method.
14. Why Gauss-Seidel iteration is a method of successive corrections?
15. Find the first iteration values of x,y,z satisfying 28x + 4y – z = 32,
x + 3y + 10z = 24, 2x + 17y + 4z = 35 by Gauss-Seidel method.
16. Construct or compare Gauss-Jacobi and Gauss-Seidel methods for solving linear
systems of the form AX = B.
17. Explain power method of finding eigen value of a matrix.
1 2
18. Find the dominant eigen value of A =   by power method.
3 4
19. What type of eigen value can be obtained using power method?

21
 PART – B

1. Find by Newton’s method, the real root of the equation 3x = cosx +1

2. Find the root between 1 and 2 of 2 x 3  3 x  6  0 by Newton-Raphson method correct to
5 decimal places.
3. Prove the quadratic convergence of Newton-Raphson method.Find a positive root of
f(x) = x 3  5 x  3  0 ,using this method.
4. Find a solution of 3x+sinx-ex=0 correct to four decimal places by Newtons method.
sin xy  x  y  0
5. Solve given x0  1, y0  2 by Newton-Raphson method.
y cos xy  1  0

6. Solve x 2  y 2  1, xy  x  y given that x0  0.5, y0  1 by Newton-Raphson method.

7. Solve the system e x  y  0 and xy  e x  0 by Newton-Raphson method to obtain the

solution near (0.95, 2.7). Perform only 3 iterations.
8. Consider the non-linear system x 2  2 x  y  0.5  0 and x 2  4 y 2  4  0. Use Newton-
Raphson method with the starting value ( x0 , y0 )  (2.00,0.25) ,and compute

( x1 , y1 ), ( x2 , y2 )and ( x3 , y3 ).
9. Solve by Gauss-Elimination method,
3x  4 y  5z  18,2 x  y  8 z  13,5 x  2 y  7 z  20.
10. Using Gauss-Elimination method, Solve the system
3.15 x  1.96 y  3.85 z  12.95 , 2.13x  5.12 y  2.89 z  8.61, 5.92 x  3.05 y  2.15 z  6.88

11. Solve 10 x  y  z  12,2 x  10 y  z  13, x  y  5z  7 by Gauss-Jordan method.

12. Solve x  3 y  3z  16, x  4 y  3z  18, x  3 y  4 z  19 by Gauss-Jordan method.
13. Solve x + y + z = 9, 2x -3y + 4z =13, 3x + 4y + 5z = 40 by Gauss-Jordan method.
14. Using Gauss-Jordan method, solve the following system of equations
a. 2x – y + 3z = 8 , -x + 2y + z = 4 , 3x + y - 4z = 0 .
15. Solve by Gauss-Jacobi method, the following equations

4 x1  x2  x3  6 , x1  4 x2  x3  6 , x1  x2  4 x3  6 .

16. Solve by Jacobi’s method, the equations:

22
 20 x  y  2 z  17 , 3x  20 y  z  18 , 20 z  2 x  3 y  25.
17. Solve by Gauss-Seidel method 28 x  4 y  z  32, x  3 y  10 z  24,2 x  17 y  4 z  35.

18. Using Gauss-Seidel method, solve the following system. Start with x = 1,y = -2, z = 3
x  3 y  52 z  173.61, x  27 y  2 z  71.31, 41x  2 y  3z  65.46.

19. Solve the following equations by Gauss-Seidel method

4 x  2 y  z  14, x  5 y  z  10, x  y  8 z  20.

20. Solve the following equations by Gauss-Seidel method

6 x  3 y  12 z  35, 8 x  3 y  2 z  20,4 x  11y  z  33.

21. Solve the following equations by Gauss-Seidel method

x  y  54 z  110, 27 x  6 y  z  85,6 x  15 y  2 z  72.

 1 1 3 
22. Using Gauss-Jordan method, find the inverse of A =  1 
3  3 .
  2  4  4
 

 2 2 3
 
23. Using Gauss-Jordan method, find the inverse of the matrix  2 1 1  .
 1 3 5
 
 8 4 0 
 
24. Using Gauss-Jordan method, find the inverse of the matrix   4 8  4  .
 0 4 8 
 

2 0 1
 
25. Find the inverse of the matrix  3 2 5  by Gauss-Jordan method.
 1  1 0
 
4 1 2
26. Using Gauss-Jordan method, find the inverse of the matrix  2 
3  1 .

1  2 2 
 

 1 1 2
 
27. Using Gauss-Jordan method, find the inverse of the matrix  1 2 3  .
2 3 1
 
28. Find the largest eigen value and the corresponding eigen vector of

23
 1 2 0 
 
the matrix  2 1 0  using power method.
 0 0  1
 

29. Determine the largest eigen value and the corresponding eigen vector of the matrix

 1 3  1
 
 3 2 4  by power method.
  1 4 10 
 
1  3 2 
30. Find the numerically largest eigen value of A =  4 
4  1 by power method.
6 3 5 


31. Find the numerically largest eigen value of and the corresponding eigen vector by
power method.
 25 1 2  1 6 1  15 4  3 1 2 3
i. 
1 3 0 
 ii.  1 
0 iii.  10  6
 iv.  0  4 2 
2  12  
 2 0  4 0 3   20  2  0 7 
   0   4  0

24
 TUTORIAL - 3A

PART- A

1. State the order of convergence and convergence condition for Newton Raphson
method.
2. On what type of equations Newton’s method can be applicable?
3. Find an iterative formula to find N , where N is a positive number by Newton’s method.
4. Write the iterative formula of Newton-Raphson method and find an approximate root of
xe x  3 correct to three decimal places.
5. If an approximate value of the root of the equation xx=1000 is 4.5, better approximation
of the root by Newton’s method.

PART- B

6. Find by Newton’s method, the real root of the equation 3x = cosx +1.

7. Find the root between 1 and 2 of 2 x 3  3 x  6  0 by Newton-Raphson method correct to

5 decimal places.

8. Find a solution of 3x+sinx-ex=0 correct to four decimal places by Newton-Raphson

method.

9. Solve the system e x  y  0 and xy  e x  0 by Newton-Raphson method to obtain the

solution near (0.95, 2.7). Perform only 3 iterations.

10. Find by Newton’s method, the real root of x log10 x = 1.2, correct to four decimals.

25
 TUTORIAL - 3B

PART- A

1. Solve the system of equations x  2 y  0,2 x  y  5 , by Gauss Elimination Method.

2. By Gauss elimination method solve x + y = 2, 2x + 3y = 5.

3. Solve 11x + 3y = 17, 2x + 7y = 16 by Gauss Elimination method.

4. State the principle used in Gauss-Jordan method.

5. Solve the linear system 4 x  3 y  11, 3x  2 y  4 by Gauss-Jordan method.

PART- B

6. Solve by Gauss-Elimination method,

3x  4 y  5z  18,2 x  y  8 z  13,5 x  2 y  7 z  20.
7. Using Gauss-Elimination method, Solve the system
3.15 x  1.96 y  3.85 z  12.95 , 2.13x  5.12 y  2.89 z  8.61, 5.92 x  3.05 y  2.15 z  6.88

8. Solve 10 x  y  z  12,2 x  10 y  z  13, x  y  5z  7 by Gauss-Jordan method.

9. Solve x  3 y  3z  16, x  4 y  3z  18, x  3 y  4 z  19 by Gauss-Jordan method.

10. Solve the following equations by Gauss-Seidel method

6 x  3 y  12 z  35, 8 x  3 y  2 z  20,4 x  11y  z  33.

11. Solve by Jacobi’s method, the equations:

20 x  y  2 z  17 , 3x  20 y  z  18 , 20 z  2 x  3 y  25.

26
 TUTORIAL - 3C

PART- A

1. Why Gauss-seidel iteration is a method of successive corrections?

2. Find the first iteration values of x,y,z satisfying 28x + 4y – z = 32,
x + 3y + 10z = 24, 2x + 17y + 4z = 35 by Gauss-seidel method.

3. Explain power method of finding eigen value of a matrix.

1 2
4. Find the dominant eigen value of A =   by power method.
3 4
5. What type of eigen value can be obtained using power method?
6. Construct or compare Gauss-Jacobi and Gauss-Seidel methods for solving linear systems
of the form AX = B
PART- B

 1 1 3 
7. Using Gauss-Jordan method, find the inverse of A =  1 
3  3 .
  2  4  4
 

 8 4 0 
 
8. Using Gauss-Jordan method, find the inverse of the matrix   4 8  4  .
 0 4 8 
 
9. Solve the following equations by Gauss-Seidel method
4 x  2 y  z  14, x  5 y  z  10, x  y  8 z  20.

10. Solve the following equations by Gauss-Seidel method

x  y  54 z  110, 27 x  6 y  z  85,6 x  15 y  2 z  72.

11. Find the largest eigen value and the corresponding eigen vector of the matrix

1 2 0   1 3  1  25 1 2 
     
(i)  2 1 0  (ii)  3 2 4  (iii)  1 3 0  using power method.
 0 0  1   1 4 10   2 0  4
     

27
 UNIT IV

INTERPOLATION, NUMERICAL DIFFERENTIATION AND

NUMERICAL INTEGRATION

PART A

1. Define forward, backward and divided difference.

2. State any two properties of divided difference.
3. Obtain the divided difference table for the following data
X: 2 3 5

Y: 0 14 102

4. Evaluate 10 1  x 1  2 x 1  3x ............1  10 x  by taking h=1.

5. What is the nature of nth divided differences of a polynomial of nth degree?
6. Find the second divided differences with arguments a,b,c if f(x)=1/x.
7. What do you understand by inverse interpolation?
8. Using Lagrange’s interpolation, find the polynomial through (0,0), (1,1) and (2,2).
9. Use Lagrange’s formula, to find the quadratic polynomial that takes these values.
X: 0 1 3

Y: 0 1 0 then find y(2)?

10. Show that the divided differences are symmetrical in their arguments.
11. Write the errors in Newton’s Backward & Forward interpolation formula.
12. Show that ∆³(1/a) = -(1/abcd).
bcd

13. Given (x0,y0),(x1,y1),(x2,y2) write the Lagrange’s interpolation formula.

14. Obtain the divided difference table for the following data:
X: -1 0 2 3

Y: -8 3 1 12

15. Find the polynomial which takes the following values,

X: 0 1 2

Y: 1 2 1

16. Form the divided difference table for

X: 1 3 6 11

Y: 4 32 224 1344

28
17. Find the divided differences table for the function f(x)=x²+2x+2 whose
arguments are 1, 2, 4, 7, 10.

18. Find the missing y=f(x) values from the first differences provided.
Y=f(x) 0 - - - - -

∆f(x) 1 2 4 7 11

19. What is known as interval of differencing?

20. Find the third divided difference with arguments 2,4,9,10 by the function
f(x)=x³-2x.

21. Using Newton’s backward difference formula, write the formulae for the first and
second order derivatives at the end value x=x n up to fourth order difference term.

dy d2 y
22. Write the formula for and at x = x 0 using forward difference operator.
dx d x2
23. What is the error involved in the trapezoidal rule?
xn

24. Write down the Trapezoidal rule for  f ( x )dx

x0

n x
1
25. Write down the Simpson’s rule to evaluate  ydx
3 x0

n x
3
26. Write down the Simpson’s rule to evaluate  ydx
8 x0

6
27. Write down the Trapezoidal rule to evaluate  f ( x )dx with h=0.5
1


28. Using Trapezoidal rule to evaluate  sin xdx by dividing the range into six equal
0

parts.

29
 PART B
1. Using Lagrange’s interpolation formula, find y(10) from the following table:
X: 5 6 9 11
Y: 12 13 14 16
2. Obtain the root of f(x)=0 by Lagranges Inverse Interpolation given that
f(30)=-30,f(34)=-13,f(38)=3,f(42)=18.
3. From the data given below find the value of x when y=13.5 by Lagrange’s
inverse interpolation.
X: 93.0 96.2 100.0 104.2 108.7
Y: 11.38 12.80 14.70 17.07 19.91
4. Find the sixth term of the sequence 8, 12, 19,29,42.
5. Form the divided difference table for the given data:
X: -2 0 3 5 7 8
Y: -792 108 -72 48 -144 -252
6. Using Newton’s divided differences method find f(1.5) using the data
f(1.0)=0.7651977, f(1.3)=0.6200860, f(1.6)=0.4554022, f(1.9)=0.2818186 and
f(2.2)=0.1103623.
7. Find f(8) by Newton’s divided difference formula for the data:
a. X: 4 5 7 10 11 13
b. Y: 48 100 294 900 1210 2028
8. Using Newton’s divided difference formula Find u(3) given
u(1)=-26, u(2)=12, u(4)=256 and u(6)=844.
9. Find y=f(x) of least degree passing through the points (-1,12),(1,15),(2,12),(3,3).
10. From the following table of half-yearly premium for policies maturing at different ages,
estimate the premium for policies maturing at age 46.
Age x: 45 50 55 60 65
Premium y: 114.84 96.16 83.32 74.48 68.48

11. The following data are taken from the steam table:

30
 Temp0 c : 140 150 160 170 180
Press kg/cm2 : 3.685 4.854 6.302 8.076 10.225
Find the pressure at temperature t=1420 and t=1750.
12. Find y(1) & y(10) from the following data:
X: 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
Y: 4.8 8.4 14.5 23.6 36.2 52.8 73.9
13. find f(0.25) using Newton’s forward difference approximation, f’(0.95) using
Newton’s backward difference approximation.
14. Compute cosh0.56 from the data cosh0.5=1.127626, cosh0.6=1.185465,
cosh0.7=1.255169 and cosh0.8=1.337435.
15. Using Newton’s forward interpolation formula, find the polynomial f(x)
satisfying the following data. Hence find f(2).
X : 0 5 10 15
f(X): 14 379 1444 3584
16. From the following table, evaluate f(3.8) using Newton Backward
interpolation formula
X: 0 1 2 3 4
f(X): 1.00 1.50 2.20 3.10 4.60
17. Evaluate f(9) using Newton divided difference from the given data:
X: 5 7 11 13 17
Y: 150 392 1452 2366 5202
18. Use Lagrange formula to find f(3) from the following table.
X: 0 1 2 4 5 6
Y: 1 14 15 5 6 19
19. Using Newton divided difference find f(8) from the given data:
X: 4 5 7 10 11 13
f: 48 100 294 900 1210 2028

31
20. If f(0)=0, f(1)=0, f(2)= -12, f(4)=0, f(5)=600 and f(7)=7308, find a polynomial
that satisfies this data using Newton’s divided difference interpolation formula.
Hence find f(6).
21. Given the following table, find f(2.5) using cubic spline functions
i: 0 1 2 3

xi : 1 2 3 4

f ( xi ) : 0.5 0.3333 0.25 0.2

22. Using Lagrange’s formula fit a polynomial to the following data:

X: -1 0 2 3
Y: -8 3 1 12 and hence find y(1.5) and y(1).
23. Find f(x) as a polynomial in power of (x-5) give the following table
x: 0 2 3 4 7 9
y: 4 26 58 112 466 922
using Newton interpolation formula for unequal intervals.
24. Find f(x) at x=1.4 for the following data:
i. X: 1.1 1.3 1.5 1.7 1.9
ii. Y: 0.21 0.69 1.25 1.89 2.61
Use Newton’s forward interpolation formula.

25. Given the following data

X: 654 658 659 661

log 10 X: 2.8156 2.8182 2.8189 2.8202.

find log 10 656 using Newton’s divided difference formula.

26. Apply Lagrange’s formula inversely to obtain the root of the equation f(x)=0
given that f(0)=-4,f(1)=1,f(3)=29 and f(4)=52. if log(300)=2.4771, log(304)=2.4829,
log(304)=2.4843, log(307)=-2.4871. find log(301).

32
 27. Estimate sin 38 from the data given below
X: 0 10 20 30 40
sinX: 0 0.1736 0.3420 0.5000 0.6428
28. A river is 80 meters wide. The depth‘d’ in meters at a distance x meters from one bank
is given by the following table. Calculate the area of cross section of the river using
Simpson’s 1/3 rule.
x: 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
d: 0 4 7 9 12 15 14 8 3
1 2
2 xy 1
29. Evaluate   (1  x
0 1
2
)(1  y )
2
dydx using simpsons rd method with step length
3

h = k = 0.25.
5
dx 1
30. Evaluate  by simpsons rd rule and hence find the value of log e 5 (n=10)
0
4x  5 3

/2 /2
31. Evaluate   sin( x  y )dxdy by using simpson’s rule check the answer by
0 0

direct integration and obtain the percentage of error.

1 1
1 1
32. Using simpson’s
3
rule evaluate   1  x  y dxdy taking x =y=0.5
0 0

33. For the given data

X 0.7 0.9 1.1 1.3 1.5 1.7 1.9 2.1

F(x) 0.64835 0.9136 1.16092 1.36178 1.495 1.55007 1.52882 1.44573

1
Use simpsons rule for the first six intervals and Trapezoidal rule for the last interval to
3
2.1
1
evaluate  f ( x )dx . Also use Trapezoidal rule for the first interval and simpsons rule for the
0.7
3
2.1
rest of the intervals to evaluate  f ( x)dx . Comment on the obtained values by comparing with
0.7
the exact value of the integral which is equal to 1.81759.

33
 2 2
34. Evaluate   f ( x, y )dxdy by Trapezoidal rule for the following data
0 0

x 0 0.5 1 1.5 2
y

0 2 3 4 5 5

1 3 4 6 9 11

2 4 6 8 11 14

1 1

e
x y
35. Evaluate dydx using simpson's and Trapezoidal rule taking h=k = 0.5
0 0

1
dx
36. Using Trapezoidal rule evaluate  1 x
1
2
taking 8 intervals.

34
 TUTORIAL - 4A

PART A

1. Using Lagrange’s interpolation, find the polynomial through (0,0), (1,1) and (2,2).
2. Use Lagrange’s formula, to find the quadratic polynomial that takes these values.
X: 0 1 3

Y: 0 1 0 then find y(2)?

3. Obtain the divided difference table for the following data:

X: -1 0 2 3

Y: -8 3 1 12

PART-B

4. Using Lagrange’s interpolation formula, find y(10) from the following table:

X: 5 6 9 11

Y: 12 13 14 16

5. Obtain the root of f(x)=0 by Lagranges Inverse Interpolation given that

f( 30 ) = -30 , f( 34 ) = -13, f( 38 ) = 3, f( 42 ) = 18.

6. From the data given below find the value of x when y=13.5 by Lagranges

inverse interpolation.

X: 93.0 96.2 100.0 104.2 108.7

Y: 11.38 12.80 14.70 17.07 19.91

7. Using Newton’s divided differences method find f(1.5) using the data

f(1.0)=0.7651977, f(1.3)=0.6200860, f(1.6)=0.4554022, f(1.9)=0.2818186 and

f(2.2)=0.1103623.

8. Using Newton’s divided difference formula Find u(3) given u(1)=-26,u(2)=12,

u(4)=256 and u(6)=844.

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 TUTORIAL - 4B
PART A
1. Write the errors in Newton’s Backward & Forward interpolation formula.
3. What is the interval of differencing?
4. Obtain the interpolation quadratic polynomial for the given data by using
Newton’s forward difference formula.
X: 0 2 4 6
Y: -3 5 21 45
5. Construct a backward difference table for
Xo X1 X2 X3 X4 X5
Yo Y1 Y2 Y3 Y4 Y5
6. Form the forward difference table for the following data
x: 0 1 2 3 4
y: 8 11 9 15 6
PART-B
7. Consider the following table of data
x: 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.0
y: 0.9798652 0.9177710 0.8080348 0.6386093 0.384735
find f(0.25) using Newton’s forward difference approximation, f(0.95) using
Newton’s backward difference approximation.
8. Compute cosh0.56 from the data cosh0.5=1.127626, cosh0.6=1.185465,
cosh0.7=1.255169 and cosh0.8=1.337435.
9. Using Newton’s forward interpolation formula, find the polynomial f(x)
satisfying the following data. Hence find f(2).
X: 0 5 10 15
f(X): 14 379 1444 3584
10. From the following table, evaluate f(3.8) using Newton Backward
interpolation formula X: 0 1 2 3 4
f(X): 1.00 1.50 2.20 3.10 4.60
11. Find f(x) at x=1.4 using Newton’s forward interpolation formula
X: 1.1 1.3 1.5 1.7 1.9
Y: 0.21 0.69 1.25 1.89 2.61

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 TUTORIAL - 4C
PART- A
dy
1. Write the formula for at x= x 0 using forward difference operator.
dx
1
2. What are the errors involved in Simpson’s rule for the evaluation
3
b
of a definite integral of the form  f ( x)dx ?
a
6
3. Write down the Trapezoidal rule to evaluate  f ( x)dx with h=0.5
1
4. Compare trapezoidal and Simpson’s 1/3 rule for evaluating numerical integration.
xn
1
5. In order to evaluate  ydx by Simpson’s rule, What is the restriction on the number of
x0
3
intervals?

PART- B

1
dx
6. Using Trapezoidal rule evaluate
1
 1 x 2
taking 8 intervals.

5
7. Use simpson’s 1/3 rule to estimate the value of  f ( x)dx
1
given

x : 1 2 3 4 5
f(x) : 13 50 70 80 100
1 1

e
x y
8. Evaluate dydx using simpson's and Trapezoidal rule taking h=k = 0.5
0 0
1
dx
9. Using Trapezoidal rule evaluate
1
 1 x 2
taking 8 intervals.

2 2
10. Evaluate   f ( x, y )dxdy by Trapezoidal rule for the following data
0 0
x 0 0.5 1 1.5 2
y
0 2 3 4 5 5

1 3 4 6 9 11

2 4 6 8 11 14

37
 UNIT – V

NUMERICAL SOLUTION OF ORDINARY DIFFERENTIAL EQUATIONS

PART-A

1. Explain the terms initial and boundary value problems.

2. Write Taylor’s series formula y '  f ( x, y ) with y(x 0 ) = y 0 .
dy
3. Given = x + y such that y(0) = 1,using Taylor’s series method,
dx
find y(0.1).
4. Explain Taylor’s series method for simultaneous equations.
5. Compute y for x = 0.1 correct to 4 decimal places , given dy/dx= y-x , y(0) = 2
using Taylor series method.

dy
6. Solve the equation  y  e x , y(0) = 0 and find the value of y for x = 0.2
dx
by Euler’s method.

dy
7. Using Euler’s method, find y(1.1) if  x 2  y 2 , y(1) = 1.
dx
dy
8. Using Euler’s method, find y(0.1) if  1  xy , y(0) = 2.
dx
9. Using Euler’s method, find y(0.2) if y '  x  y , y(0) = 1.
dy
10. Solve = x + y, y(0) = 1 to find y(0.2) using Euler’s method.
dx
dy
11. Using Modified Euler’s method, find y(0.1) if  x2  y2
dx
dy
12. Solve = 1-y, given y(0) = 0 for y(0.1) Using Modified Euler’s method.
dx
x y
13. Find y(0.1) given y '  , y(0) = 1 by Modified Euler’s method.
2
dy y 1
14. Using Modified Euler’s method, find y(1.1) if   , y(1) = 1.
dx x x 2
15. Write down the formula to solve second order differential equation using
Runge-Kutta method of fourth order.
16. In the derivation of fourth order R-K formula, why it is called fourth order?
17. What are the values of k1 and l1 to solve y   xy   y  0; y (0)  1, y (0)  0
by Runge-Kutta method of fourth order.
18. For what points of x and y, the equations xf xx  yf yy  0 , x > 0, y > 0 is elliptic.
19. Explain One-step and Multi step methods.
20. Mention the multistep methods available for solving ordinary differential equation.
21. Write Milne’s Predictor-Corrector Formula.

38
22. State Predictor-Corrector formulae to solve the equation y   f ( x, y ) with given starting
values.
d2y
23. State finite difference approximation for and state the order of truncation error.
dx 2
24. What is the condition to apply Adams Bashforth method.
25. What do we mean by saying that a method is self-starting? Not self-starting?
26. Compare Taylor’s series method and Runge-Kutta method.
27. What do you mean by total error in error analysis?
28. Write the formula for Modified Eulers method.
29. Write the formula for Eulers method.
30. Compare Euler and Modified Euler method.
31. Define a difference quotient.
32. Explain finite difference scheme for the equation to solve 𝑦 ′′ + 𝑎1 𝑦 ′ + 𝑎2 𝑦 = 𝑓(𝑥).
d2y
33. Obtain the finite difference scheme for the equation 2 + y = 5.
dx 2
34. Write down the finite difference scheme for 𝑦 ′′ − 3𝑦 ′ = 2.
35. Write down the finite difference scheme for the solution of the boundary value problem
𝜋
𝑦 ′′ + 𝑦 = 0, 𝑦(0) = 0, 𝑦 ( 2 ) = 1.

PART – B
1. Using Taylor’s series method, find y at x=0.1 if dy/dx =x2y-1, y(0)=3.
1
2. Using Taylor’s series method solve y '  xy ,y(1)=4 for y(1.1)& y(1.2).
3

3. Using Taylor’s series method solve y ' '  y  xy' , y(0)=1, y ' (0)  0 for y(0.3) by taking
h = 0.1.
4. Using Taylor’s series method solve dy/dx =x2+y2, y(0)=1 for y(0.1).
5. Using Taylor’s series, obtain the value of y at x=0.2 correct to four decimal places, if y
satisfies the equation d2y/dx2=xy given that dy/dx =1 and y=1 when x=0.
6. Solve 𝑦 ′ = 𝑥 + 𝑦,y(0)=1 by Taylors series method find the values of y at x=0.1 and
x=0.2 .
7. Using Modified Euler’s method, find y when x=0.1 given that y(0)=1 and dy/dx=x2+y.
8. Solve 𝑦 ′ = 1 − 𝑦, y(0)=0 by Modified Euler’s method.
9. Using Modified Euler’s method solve dy/dx=x2 + y2 find y(0.2) & y(0.4) where h = 0.2.
10. Using Modified Euler’s method solve y'  log 10 ( x  y) ,y(0) = 2 find y( 0.6) taking
h = 0.2.
11. Using RK method of 4th order, solve dy/dx =(y2-x2)/(y2+x2) with y(0)=1 at x=0.2.
12. Using Runge-kutta method of 4th order, solve y' xy 2  y  0 , y(0)=1 at x=0.2.
13. Using Runge-kutta method of 4th order,solve y ' = x+y2, y(0)=1 at x=0.2 take h = 0.1.
4t
14. Solve y ' =  ty , y(0) = 3 find y( 0.1) and y( 0.2) by R-K method.
y
2x
15. Given y ' = y - ,y(0) = 1 find y(0.2) & y(0.4) by R-K method.
y

39
16. Consider the initial value problem dy/dx = y-x2+1, y( 0 ) = 0.5
1)using Modified Euler’s method,find y(0.2)
2)using 4th order R-K method,find y(0.4)and y(0.6).

17. Consider the second order initial value problem y ' ' -2 y ' +2y=e2t sint with y(0)= -0.4 and
y ' (0)= -0.6
1) using taylors series approximation, find y(0.1)
2) using 4th order Runge-kutta method, find y(0.2).

18. Solve y ' ' +x y ' +y=0,y(0)=1, y ' (0)=0 for y(0.1) using Runge-kutta method.
19. By applying Runge-kutta ta method find y(0.1) given y ' =y-x ,y(0)=2.
20. Given dy/dx=x3+y ,y(0)=2,
(i) compute y(0.2), y(0.4) and y(0.6) by Runge-kutta method of 4th order.
(ii) hence find y(0.8) by Milne’s predictor-corrector method taking h=0.2.
21. Using R-K method of order 4, find y for x=0.1, 0.2, 0.3 given that dy/dx=xy+y2, y(0)=1
and also find the solution at x=0.4 using Milne’s method.
22. Given that y ' ' +x y ' +y=0, y(0)=1, y ' (0)=0. Obtain y for x=0, 0.1, 0.3 by Taylors series
and find the solution for y(0.4) by Milne’s method.
23. Solve y ' =x-y2 , 0  x  1, y(0)=0, y(0.2)=0.02, y(0.4)=0.0795, y(0.6)=0.1762 by Milne’s
method to find y(0.8) and y(1).
24. Compute the first 3 steps of the initial value problems dy/dx=(x-y)/2, y(0)=1 by Taylor
series method and next step by Milne’s method with step length h=0.1.
25. Find y( 0.4) given y ' = xy+y2, y(0)=1, y(0.1)=1.1169, y(0.2)=1.2773, y(0.3)=1.5049 by
Milne’s predictor-corrector method.
26. Given y ' = x(x2 +y2 )e-x, y(0) = 1 find y(0.1), y(0.2) and y(0.3) by Taylor’s series method
and find y(0.4) by Milne’s predictor-corrector method.
27. Use Milne’s method to find y(4.4) given that 5x y ' +y2-2=0 given y(4)=1, y(4.1)=1.0049,
y(4.2)=1.0097 ,y(4.3)=1.0143.
28. Solve y ' ' = xy, y ( 0 ) + y ' ( 0 ) = 1 , y ( 1) = 1, h = 1/3 by finite difference method.
29. Given y'  x 2  y 2 , y(0)=1, y(-0.1)=0.9088 ,y(0.1)=1.1715, y(0.2)=1.2530, compute
y(0.3) by Milne’s method.
30. Using the finite difference method find y (0.25), y(0.5) & y(0.75) satisfying the
d2y
differential equation + y = x ∋ the boundary conditions y(0) = 0, y(1) = 2.
dx 2
31. Solve y ' ' = x+y with y (0) = y (1) = 0 by finite difference method, taking h = 0.25.
32. Solve y ' ' +x2y = 0 with y(0) = 0, y(1) =1, h=0.25 by finite difference method.
d2y
33. Solve the boundary value problem for x = 0.5, + y + 1 = 0 (take n = 4).
dx 2
34. Solve x y ' ' + y = 0, y(1) = 1, y(2) = 2 with h = 0.25 by finite difference method.

40
 TUTORIAL - 5A
PART – A

1. Write Taylor’s series formula y '  f ( x, y ) with y(x 0 ) = y 0 .

dy
2. Given = x + y such that y(0) = 1, using Taylor’s series method,
dx
find y(0.1).
dy
3. Solve the equation  y  e x , y(0) = 0 and find the value of y for x = 0.2
dx
by Euler’s method.
dy
4. Using Euler’s method, find y(0.1) if  1  xy , y(0) = 2.
dx
dy
5. Using Modified Euler’s method, find y(0.1) if  x 2  y 2 , y(0)=1
dx
dy
6. Solve = 1-y, given y(0) = 0 for y(0.1) Using Modified Euler’s method.
dx
x y
7. Find y(0.1) given y '  , y(0) = 1 by Modified Euler’s method.
2

PART- B

8. Using Taylor’s series method, find y at x=0.1 if dy/dx =x2y-1, y(0)=3.

9. Using Taylor’s series method solve y ' '  y  xy , y(0)=1, y ' (0)  0 for y(0.3) by taking
h = 0.1.

10. Using Modified Euler’s method, find y when x=0.1 given that y(0)=1 and dy/dx=x2+y.

11. Using Modified Euler’s method solve y '  x2 + y2 find y(0.2) & y(0.4)
where h = 0.2, and y(0)=1

12. Using Runge-kutta method of 4th order, solve y '  x+y2, y(0)=1 at x=0.2 take h = 0.1.
13. Consider the initial value problem dy/dx = y-x2+1, y( 0 ) = 0.5
(i) using Euler’s method, find y(0.2)
(ii) using 4th order R-K method, find y(0.4) and y(0.6).

41
 TUTORIAL - 5B
PART – A

1. Write down the formula to solve second order differential equation using
Runge-Kutta method of fourth order.
2. In the derivation of fourth order R-K formula, why it is called fourth order?
3. Write Milne’s Predictor-Corrector Formula.
4. What do we mean by saying that a method is self-starting? Not self-starting?
5. Compare Taylor’s series method and Runge-Kutta method.

PART – B

6. Using Runge-kutta method of 4th order ,solve dy/dx =(y2-x2)/(y2+x2) with y(0)=1 at
x=0.2.

7. Given dy/dx = x3 + y ,y( 0 ) = 2,

1) Compute y ( 0.2 ),y(0.4) and y(0.6) by Runge-kutta method of 4th order.
2) Hence find y ( 0.8 ) by Milne’s predictor-corrector method taking h=0.2.

8. Compute the first 3 steps of the initial value problems dy/dx=(x-y)/2, y(0)=1 by
Taylor series method and next step by Milne’s method with step length h=0.1.
9. Given y '  x(x2 +y2 )e-x, y(0) = 1 find y(0.1), y(0.2) and y(0.3) by Taylor’s series method
and find y(0.4) by Milne’s predictor-corrector method.

10. Solve x y ' ' + y = 0, y(1) = 1, y(2) = 2 with h = 0.25 by finite difference method.

42