Caffè espresso/espresso

Caffè espresso, or just espresso is a concentrated coffee beverage brewed by

forcing hot water under pressure through finely ground coffee.

Compared to other coffee brewing methods, espresso often has a thicker

consistency, a higher concentration of dissolved solids, and crema (foam) . As a
result of the pressurized brewing process, all of the flavours and chemicals in a
typical cup of coffee are very concentrated. For this reason, espresso is the base
for other drinks, such as lattes,cappuccino, macchiato, mochas,
and americanos.

Caffè macchiato/macchiato
Caffè macchiato (Italian pronunciation: [kafˈfɛ mmakˈkjaːto]), sometimes calledespresso
macchiato, is a coffee drink, made out of espresso with a small amount of milk.

"Macchiato" simply means "marked" or "stained," and in the case of caffè macchiato,
this means literally "espresso stained/marked with milk." Traditionally it is made with
one shot of espresso, and the small amount of added milk was the "stain." However,
later the "mark" or "stain" came to refer to the foamed milk that was put on top to
indicate the beverage has a little milk in it (usually about a teaspoon [in fact, the
Portuguese word for a macchiato is "pingo," which means "drop"]).

Caffè Americano/Americano
Caffè Americano, or Americano (Italian: American coffee) is a style of coffee prepared by adding
hot water to espresso, giving a similar strength but different flavor from regular drip coffee. The strength of
an Americano varies with the number of shots of espresso and the amount of water added.

In the United States, "Americano" is used broadly to mean combining hot water and espresso in either
order, but in a narrower definition it refers to adding water to espresso (espresso on the bottom), while
adding espresso to water (espresso on the top) is instead referred to as a long black.

The name is also spelled with varying capitalization and use of diacritics: e.g. Café Américano –
a hyperforeignism using the French word for coffee and the Italian word for American, plus an additional
incorrect accent, café Americano, cafe americano, etc.
Latte
A latte (from the Italian caffè latte or caffellatte pronounced [ˌkaffelˈlatte], meaning "coffee [and] milk") is
a coffee drink made with espresso and steamedmilk.

Variants include replacing the coffee with another drink base such as chai,mate or matcha.

The word is also sometimes spelled latté or lattè —the non-etymologicaldiacritical mark being added as

a hyperforeignism.

In Italian latte (Italian pronunciation: [ˈlatte], English: /ˈlɑːteɪ/) means milk. What in English-speaking countries is

now called a latte is shorthand for "caffelatte" or "caffellatte" ("caffè e latte").[1][2][3][4] The Italian form means
"coffee and milk", similar to the French café au lait, the Spanish café con leche and the Portuguese café
com leite. Other drinks commonly found in shops serving caffè lattes arecappuccinos and espressos. A
caffè latte differs from a latte macchiato in that in a latte macchiato, espresso is added to milk, rather than
the reverse.

The latte macchiato is milk steamed to microfoam, served in a glass with a half shot ofespresso poured
gently through the foamy top layer, creating a layered drink with a 'macchia' -a 'spot' of espresso on the
top. A latte macchiato is milk with a hint of espresso, and 'macchiato' means 'marked' = 'marked' milk. As
with an espresso macchiato, which is espresso with a spot of milk atop, indicating there's a hint of milk
underneath the crema, a latte macchiato is the opposite, to indicate there is espresso in the milk.

A caffè latte is also made up of espresso and steamed milk, but differs from the latte macchiato in that it
has a stronger flavor of coffee, and the two drinks' names indicates this.

Cappuccino
A cappuccino is a coffee drink topped with foamed milk. It is made in a steam producing espresso
machine. One third of the cup used is made of espresso, which is poured into the bottom of the cup, a
similar amount of hot milk, and the top third is made of firm milk froth that has been prepared a minute or
two prior to assembling the drink. The foam is often sculpted to an artistic peaked mound. Shaved
chocolate, raw sugar, cinnamon or other spices are often sprinkled onto of the finished drink. The
cappuccino is then eaten leisurely with a teaspoon.

In a traditional cappuccino, as served in Europe and artisan coffee houses in the United States, the total
of espresso and milk/froth make up between approximately 150 ml (5 imp fl oz; 5 US fl oz) and 180 ml
(6 imp fl oz; 6 US fl oz). US commercial coffee chains more often serve the cappuccino as a 360 ml
(13 imp fl oz; 12 US fl oz) drink or larger.
caffè mocha
A caffè mocha or café mocha is an american invention and a variant of a caffè latte, inspired by
the turin coffee beverage Bicerin. The term 'caffe mocha' is not used neither in Italy nor in France.Like a
caffe latte, it is typically one third espresso and two thirds steamed milk, but a portion of chocolate is
added, typically in the form of sweet cocoa powder, although many varieties use chocolate syrup. Mochas
can contain dark or milk chocolate.

Like cappuccino, café mochas contain the well-known milk froth on top, although they are sometimes
served with whipped cream instead. They are usually topped with a dusting of either cinnamon or cocoa
powder. Marshmallows may also be added on top for flavor and decoration.

A variant is white café mocha, made with white chocolate instead of milk or dark. There are also variants
of the drink that mix the two syrups; this mixture is referred to by several names, including black and white
mocha, tan mocha, tuxedo mocha and zebra.

Café mocha takes its name from the Red Sea coastal town of Mocha, Yemen, which as far back as the
fifteenth century was a dominant exporter of coffee, especially to areas around the Arabian Peninsula.
These coffees had a notable chocolaty taste, and hence the term "mocha" was extended to mean
intentional addition of chocolate to coffee.

The caffeine content is approximately 10.9 mg/oz which is 175 mg for a 16 oz glass. 

Decaffeinated Coffee
Decaffeinated coffee or "decaf" is coffee that has had most of the
caffeine removed. By weight, the amount of caffeine found
naturally in coffee is only about 1% for the Arabica and 2% for
the Robusta coffee beans.