Methods of Pavement Design

Four Groups:

1. Group A
2. Group B
3. Group C
4. Group D
 Methods of Pavement Design
Group A:
Empirical Methods using no soil
strength tests (Basic properties of soils
are involved)

• U.S. Highway Engineers Group Index

Method
• Civil Aeronautic Administration, USA
Method
 Methods of Pavement Design
Group B:
Empirical Methods using soil strength
(CBR Test is generally performed)

• CBR Method
• North Dakota Cone Method
• U.S. Navy and Flexible Pavement Committee
Method
• Canadian Department of Transport Method
• Markwick Method for Rigid Pavement
• Overseas Road Note-31
• AASHTO Design Guide
 Methods of Pavement Design
Group C:
Methods based partly on theory and partly on
experience
(Fundamental stress strain properties of subgrade
soils and sometimes the base material are
determined by shear or bearing test)

• Westergaard’s Method ( based on Plate Load Test)

• Shear Strength Method
• Golder’s Method
• Kansas Highway Department Method
• V. R. Smith Method
 Methods of Pavement Design
Group D:
Wholly Theoretical Method
(These are based on mathematical
analysis of the stresses and strains
throughout the pavement and subgrade
and the true stress strain
characteristics of the various
materials)

• Burmster’s Analysis and Design

Method
PAVEMENT DESIGN BY
 ROAD NOTE-31

Important Aspects:
• CBR > 80% for Base Material
• If CBR > 30% for subgrade, then Sub-base
is not required
• If subgrade has CBR < 4%, then use
Capping Layer
• There are two types of Surface Dressings
1. Single Surface Dressing
2. Double Surface Dressing
ROAD NOTE-31

Single &
Double
Surface
Dressing
ROAD NOTE-31 Important Aspects:
ROAD NOTE-31 Important Aspects:

• Parent fines are the fines developed

during crushing of rocks. These are
usually 5 mm or less in size. These should
be used to fill the voids of aggregates.
• Macadam developed the design procedure
for the construction of pavements.
• Particle size is 37.5 mm or 50 mm in Dry
Bound Macadam and Water Bound
Macadam.
ROAD NOTE-31 Important Aspects:

• In Dry Bound Macadam, vibrations are

used to fill the parent fines into the voids of
gravels.
• In Water Bound Macadam, water is used
to fill the parent fines into the voids of
gravels. This technique gives better results
normally to fill the voids. But if the
subgrade is clayey then water will reduce
its strength.
Pavement Components Nomenclature
Road Note-31
ROAD NOTE-31-DESIGN STEPS
ROAD NOTE-31

DETAILED DESIGN
FLOW CHART
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CHART-1
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CHART-2
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CHART-3
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CHART-4
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CHART-5
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CHART-6
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CHART-7
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