ICS 23.020.

30
J74

National Standard of the People ’s Republic of China

中华人民共和国国家标准
GB 150.1-2011
Partially Replace GB 150-1998

Pressure Vessels----
Part 1: General Requirements

压力容器第 1 部分：通用要求

Issue on: November 21, 2011 Implemented on: March 1, 2012

Issued by General Administration of Quality Supervision, Inspection and Quarantine

。fthe People ’s Republic of China

Standardization Administration of the People ’s Republic of China

 Contents

Scope ........….........…········ ··········…….........…………….......................................................................... 1

2 Normative References ...... ... ...............…………………· 叶 ....... . ............................................................... 2

3 Terms and Symbols .............................…........................................................................................... 3

4 General Requirements ................... ...….......….................................................................................... 5

Appendix A (Normative) Conformity Declarations and Revisions. ………....... .…........…...................... 17

Appendix B (Normative) Excessive Pressure Relief Device .......... .. .... ................................................ 18

Appendix C (Normative) Determination of Vessel Design Pressure by Confirmatory Burst Test.. ~..... 32

Appendix D (Normative) Comparative Empirical Design Method .....................……………………........ 36

Appendix E (Normative) Local Structure Stress Analysis and Evaluation ....….................................... 38

Appendix F (Normative) Risk Assessment Repo1i ...... ...….... .. ....................................... .... .... .............. 39
 Foreword

All technical contents of this part of this standard are compulsoη．

GB 15 0 "Pressure Vessels" comprises the following four parts:

一一－Part 1: General Requirements;

一一－Pait 2: Materials;

一－Pait 3: Design;

一一－Part 4: Fabrication, Inspection and Testing, and Acceptance.

This part is pait 1 of GB 150: General Requirements. This part is dra丘ed according to the卢 rules
provided by GB/T 1. 1-2009 “ Directives for Standardization”.

This part replaces parts of GB 150-1998 “ Steel Pressure Vessels" (Chapter l ~ Chapter 3, Appendix
B and Appendix C) Compared with GB 150 一 1998, this standard has the following major technical
changes:

a) Expanded the applicable scope of the standard.

一一－By means of reference standards, it is applicable to pressure vessels made of metal materials;

一一－Underthe premise of meeting the design guidelines of this standard, it specifies design
methods to deal with circumstances exceeding standard scopes;

一一一It specifies the basis Standards for all kinds of structure vessels.

b) Amended the requirements on the qua! ifications and responsibilities of the vessel construction
paiticipants.

一一－Specifies the storing period for the design documents;

一一－Added the responsibilities of the user or design-trustor in providing the written design
conditions at the design stage;

一一－Specifies the responsibilities of the inspectors from inspection institution on the report
confirm

c) Amend巳d the safety factors for deten

一一－Adjusted the safety factor of tensile strength from 3.0 to 2.7;

一一－Adjusted the safety factor of yield strength of carbon steels and low-alloy steels from 1.6 to
1.5 ;

一一－For austenitic stainless steel, one can use Rµ1o to determine the allowable stress.

d) Added conformity declarations to meet the basic safety requirements prescribed in the safety
technical regulations for special equipment.

e) Added implementation details of the design methods in addition to adoptive standards and
regulations.
 。 Added the requirements of the risk evaluation at the design stage for pressure vessels and its
implementation details.

g) Added Appendix A: conformity declarations and revisions of this standard.

This part is proposed and under the jurisdiction of National Technical Committee on Boilers and
Pressure Vessels of Standardization Administration of China (SAC/TC 262).

Drafting organizations of this p盯t: China Special Equipment Inspection and Research Institute,
Bureau of Safety Supervision of Special Equipment (SESA) of AQSIQ, Zhejiang University, Hefei
General Machinery Research Institute, Sinopec Engineering Incorporation, East China University of
Science and Technology, Lanpec Technologies Limited.

Chief drafting staffs of This pa1t: Shou Binan, Chen Gang, Zheng Jinyang, Chen Xuedong,
Yang Guoyi, Xie Tiejun, Li Shi严1, Xu Feng, Wang Xiaolei, Li Jun, Qiu Qingyu, Zhang 飞i'anfeng,
Wu Quanlong.

The previous editions of the standards replaced by this part are as:

一一－GB 150-1989, GB 150-1998.

 Introduction

This standard is one of the large general technical standards of pressure vessels developed by and
under the jurisdiction of the National Technical Committee on Boilers and Pressure Vessels of
Standardization Administration of China (hereinafter referred to as “Committ饵”）， to specify the
technical requirements related to the design, fabrication, inspection and testing, and acceptance of the
pressure vessels constructed or used in domain of China.

The technical clauses of this standard include the compulsory requirements, special forbidding
requirements and recommendatory clauses that shall be followed during the construction process of
pressure vessels (namely, design，也brication, inspection and testing, and acceptance); the recommendatory
clauses thereof are not compulsory parts. As it is unnecessary and impossible for this standard to
include all the technical details during the construction process of pressure vessels within the application
scope, under the premise of meeting the basic safety requirements specified in the laws and regulations,
the technical contents not specially mentioned in this standard shall not be prohibited. This standard
cannot be used as the technical manual for the specific pressure vessels construction, or replace the
training, engineering experience and engineering evaluation. Engineering evaluation is the specific-
product-oriented technology evaluation made by the knowledgeable and experienced technical
personnel. However, the engineering evaluation shall meet the relevant technical requirements in this
standard and shall not violate the compulsory requirements and forbidding requirements in this
standard.

This standard does not restrict the state-of-the-art technical methods adopted during the ac阳al
engineering design and construction process, but the engineering technical personnel shall make the
reliable judgment when adopting the state-of-the-art technical methods to ensure that they meet the
requirements of this standard, especially the compulsory design requirements (such as strength or
stability design formula) .

The technical methods and technical requirements specified in this standard are not involved with
any patent. Please note that the engineering applications of this standard may involve specific patents;
the issuance organization of this standard shall not undertake the responsibility of identifying these
patents.

This standard does not specify nor prohibit the designing personnel by using the computer
programs to realize the analysis or design of the pressure vessels; if the computer programs are adopted
for the analysis or design, not only the requirements of this standard shall be met but also the following
items shall be confirmed:

1) Rationality of the technology assumption in the programs adopted;

2) Adaptability of the programs adopted to the design contents;

3) Correctness of the input parameters and output results of the programs adopted to the
engineering design.

Inquiry for the technical clauses of the standard shall be submitted to the committee secretariat in
wri忧en form, so shall the necessary information. All the inquiries which are not related to standard
clauses directly or which cannot be understood are deemed as technical consultation. As a result, the
committee is entitled to refuse the inquiries.
 The Committee shall not undertake the responsibility of the understanding ambiguity and any
consequence caused by the standard promotion implementation or explanation made by other organizations
not authorized or approved by the Committee in written form.
 Pressure Vessels-Part 1: General Requirements

1 Scope

1.1 This standard specifies the construction requirements of metaL pressure vessels (hereinafter
teferred to as “ Vessels”). This standard specifies the general requirements for the materials, design,
fabrication, inspection and testing, and acceptance of metal pressure vessels (hereinafter referred to as
6‘ Vessels ”)

1.2 Applicable design pressure of this standard

1.2.1 For steel vessels, the design pressure shall not exceed 35MPa;

1.2.2 For vessels made of other metal materials, the applicable design pressure shall be determined
according to the corresponding reference standards.

1.3 Applicable design temperature range of this standard

1.3.1 Design temperature range ：一269 ℃～900 ℃．

1.3.2 For steel vessels, the design temperature shall not exceed the allowable operating temperature
range of the materials listed in GB 150.2

1.3.3 For vessels made of other metal materials, the design temperature shall be determined according
to the allowable operating temperature of the materials listed in the corresponding reference standards
of This part.

1.4 Applicable structure forms of this standard

1.4.1 The structure forms of the steel vessels to which this standard is applicable shall be in accordance
with the corresponding provisions of this part and GB 150.2~ GB 150.4.

1.4.2 As for the vessels with specific structures and the vessels made of aluminum, titanium, copper,
nickel and nickel alloy, as well as zirconium to which this standard is applicable, the structure forms
and applicable scope shall meet the corresponding requirements of the following standards:

a) GB 151 "Tubular Heat Exchangers”;

b) GB 12337 “ Steel Spherical Tanks";

c) JB/T 4731 “ Steel Horizontal Vessels on Saddle Support”;

d) JB/T 4710 “ Steel Ve1iical Vessels Suppo1ied by Skiti”;

e) JB/T 4734 “ Aluminim Welded Vessels”;

ηJB/T 4745 “ Titanium Welded Vessels气

g) JB/T 4755 “ Copper Pressure Vessels”;

h) JB/T 4756 "Nickel and Nickel Alloy Pressure Vessels ”;

i) NB/T 4701 l “ Zirconium Pressure Vessels ”.

1.5 The following vessels are not within the applicable scope of this standard:

a) Vessels with design pressure lower than O. lMPa and vacuum degree lower than 0.02MPa;

b) Vessels under “ Supervision Regulation on Safety Technology for Transportable Pressure

Vessel ”;

c) Among equipment, the pressure chambers (such as pump casing, outer casing of compressors,
outer casing of turbines, hydraulic cylinders etc.) which can be its own system or as components in
swiveling or reciprocating movement machinery;

d) Vessels subject to the neutron radiation damage failure risk in nuclear power plants.

e) Vessels heated by direct flame;

。 Vessels
with inner diameter (for non-circular sections, refers to the maximum geometric
dimensions of the inner boundaries of the sections, such as: diagonals of rectangles and major axes of
ellipses) less than 150mm;

g) Enamelled vessels and the vessels with other national standards or professional standards in
the refrigeration and air conditioning industry.

1.6 Vessels scope

1.6.1 Connection between the vessel and the external pipe:

a) The groove end face of the first pass of gilth joints with welded connection;

b) The first threaded connector end surface of screwed joint;

c) The sealing surface of the first flange with flanged connection;

d) The first sealing surface of special connecting piece or pipe fittings connection.

1.6.2 Bearing headers, flat covers and their fasteners of connection pipe, manhole and handhole,
etc ..

1.6.3 Attachment welds between non-pressure components and pressure components.

1.6.4 Non-pressure components such as support and skirt directly connected to the vessels.

1.6.5 Excessive pressure relief dev ice of vessel (see Appendix B).

2 Normative References

The following documents are indispensable for the application of this standard. For dated references,
only the dated edition is applicable to this document. For undated references, the latest editions of the
normative documents (including all the amendments) are applicable to this document.

GB 150.2 “ Pressure Vessels-Part 2: Materials"

GB 150.3-2011 “ Pressure Vessels-Pait 3: Design"

GB 150.4 "Pressure Vessels-Part 4: Fabrication, Inspection and Testing, and Acceptance"

GB 151 “ Tubular Heat Exchangers”

GB 567 “Bm叹ing Disc Safety Device" (All the parts)

2
 GB/T 12241 "Safety Valves-General requirements ”

GB 12337 “ Steel Spherical Tanks"

GB/T26929 “ Terminology for Pressure Vessels"

JB/T 4710 “ Steel Vertical Vessels Supported by Skirt”

JB/T 4 731 "Steel Horizontal Vessels on Saddle Support”

JB 4732-1995 ” Steel Pressure Vessels-Design by Analysis" (Confirmed in 2005)

JB/T 4734 “ Aluminim Welded Vessels"

JB/T 4745

JB/T 4755 “ Copper Pressure Vessels"

JB/T 4756 “ Nickel and Nickel Alloy Pressure Vessels"

NB/T 47002 “ Explosion Welded Clad Plate for Pressure Vessels" (All the parts)

NB/T 4701 1 “ Zirconium Pressure Vessels"

TSG R0004 " Supervision Regulation on Safety Technology for Stationary Pressure Vessel"

3 Terms and Symbols

3.1 Terms and Definitions

For the pu叩ose of this document, the terms and definitions specified in GB/T 26929 and the
following ones apply.

3.1.1 Pressure

It refers to the force vertically acting on the vessel per unit surface area. Unless specifically
indicated, pressure shall be referred to as gauge pressure in this standard.

3.1.2 Operating pressure

Under normal operating conditions, the achievable maximum pressure at the top of vessels.

3.1.3 Design pressure

The set maximum pressure at vessel top, together with the corresponding design temperature to
be used as the basic design loading conditions of vessels, its value shall not be lower than the operating
pressure.

3.1.4 Calculation pressure

Under the corresponding design temperature, the pressure used to determine the thickness of the
components, including additional loads such as fluid column hydrostatic pressure etc ..

3.1.5 Test pressure

When conducting pressure test or leak test, the pressure at the vessel top.

3.1.6 Maximum allowable working pressure (MAWP)

It refers to the allowable maximum pressure at the top of the vessel at the corresponding designated
temperature. This pressure is the minimum value of the calculation results according to the effective
thickness of each pressure component of the vessel, in consideration of all the loads on the component.

Note: When the design document of the pressure vessel do not specify the maximum allowable working pressure, the design pressure
of this vessel may be regarded as the maximum allowable working pressure.

3.1.7 Design temperature

When a vessel is under normal operating conditions, the set metal tempera阳re of its components
(the average temperature along the metal section of the components). The design temperature and
design pressure are both used as the design load conditions.

3.1.8 Test temperature

When conducting withstand voltage test or leak test, the metal temperature of the shell of the
vessel.
.,,.
”
3.1.9 Minimum design metal temperature

In cases of design, the expected minimum value of the metal temperature of each component
under any possible condition for the duration of the vessel operating process.

3.1.10 Required thickness

The thickness calculated according to the corresponding formulae of this standard. When necessary,
it shall include the thickness (see 4.3.2) required by other loads. As for the external pressure components,
it refers to the minimum thickness required for meeting the stability.

3.1.11 Design thickness

The sum of the calculated thickness and corrosion allowance.

3.1.12 Nominal thickness

The design thickness is added by the negative deviation of material thickness, and the sum is
rounded up to the thickness of standard material specifications.

3.1.13 Effective thickness

It refers to the value of nominal thickness minus corrosion allowance and negative deviation of
material thickness.

3.1.14 Minimum required fabrication thickness

The minimum thickness of ensuring the design requirements, after the fabrication of the pressure
components.

3.1.15 Low-temperature pressure vessel

The low-temperature pressure vessel defined in this standard refers to the carbon steel, low-alloy
steel, duplex stainless steel and ferritic stainless steel vessels with design temperature lower than
-20 ℃ as well as the austenitic stainless steel vessels with design temperature lower than -196 ℃．

3.2 Symbols

C一一－Additional thickness, mm;

 C1一一－Negative deviation of the material thickness, according to 4.3 .6.1, mm;

C2一一一Corrosion allowance, according to 4.3 .6.2, mm;

Di The inner diameter of a cylinder or a sphere shell, mm;

t一一’－Elastic modulus of material at design temperature, MPa;

p一一－The Design pressure, MPa;

Pr一－The minimum value of test pressure, MPa;

Ro－一－Outer radius of cylinder, mm;

Rm一－The lower limit of the standard tensile strength of materials, MPa;

ReL (Rpo 2, Rp10）一一－The yield strength of materials under standard room tempera阳re (or 0.2%
and 1.0% non-proportional extension strength), MPa; 呻
喝

R~L (R;o.2 ’ R~IO ）－一The yield 由ength of materials under design temperature (or 0.2% and 1.0%
non-proportional extension strength), MPa;

R；一－The average rupture life of material cracked after 0 .1 million hours at design
temperature, MPa;

R~ The ave吨c creep limit of material with 1% creep rate after 0 .1 million
hours at design temperature, MPa;

σ了一一－The stress of pressure components under the test pressure, MPa;

［σ］－一－Allowable stress of the vessel component materials under the withstand

voltage test temperature, MPa;

［σ］ t一一一Allowable stress of the vessel component materials under the design tem-
perature, MPa;

［σ］；一－Allowable stress of base material at de吨n temperature, MPa;

［σ］； 一一Allowable stress of clad material 就 design temperature, MPa;

［σt 一－Allowable axial compressive stress of cylinder at design temperature, MPa;

δl一一－Nominal thickness of base mater扭l,mm;

δ2一一－Thickness of clad material, shall not be counted in corrosion allowance, mm;

δe一一－Effective thickness of the cylinder or spherical shell, mm;

G一－Welded joint coefficient.

4 General Requirements

4.1 General Rules

4.1.1 The design, fabrication, inspection and acceptance of steel vessels, apart from meeting the
provisions of all Parts of this standard, also shall comply with the State issued relevant laws, regulations
and safety technical codes.

5
4.1.2 As for the vessels of specific structures, and aluminum, titanium, copper, nickel and nickel alloy
and zirconium vessels, the design, fabrication, inspection and testing, and acceptance of them shall
not only meet the requirements of 4.1.1 but also meet the corresponding requirements of the following
standards:

a) GB 151 “ Tubular Heat Exchangers”;

b) GB 12337 “ Steel Spherical Tanks";

c) JB/T 4 731 "Steel Horizontal Vessels on Saddle Support”;

d) JB/T 4710 “ Steel Vertical Vessels Supported by Skirt";

e) JB/T 4734 “ Aluminim Welded Vessels”;

ηJB/T 4745 “ Titanium Welded Vessels”;

g) JB/T 4755 “ Copper Pressure Vessels";

h) JB/T 4756 “ Nickel and Nickel Alloy Pressure Vessels”;

i) NB/T 4701 1 “ Zirconium Pressure Vessels”.

4.1.3 The vessel design and fabrication organizations shall establish a sound quality management
system and ensure its effective implementation.

4.1.4 The design and fabrication of pressure vessels which are within the jurisdiction of the “ Supervision
Regulation on Safety Technology for Stationary Pressure Vessel" shall accept supervisions from the
safety supervision institution of special equipment.

4.1.5 Categories of vessels shall be determined according to the requirements of “ Supervision

Regulation on Safety Technology for Stationary Pressure Vessel ” .

4.1.6 As for the vessels or pressure components, for which the struc阳re dimension cannot be
determined according to GB 150.3, the following design methods may be adopted :

a) Replication experiment analysis (such as experimental stress analysis and replication hydraulic
test); see Appendix C for the specific requirements;

b) Comparison empirical des ign by such comparable structures that have been in service, see
Appendix D for the specific requirements;

c) Adoption of stress analysis calculation and evaluation including the finite element method;
see Appendix E for the specific requirements.

4.2 Qualifications and Responsibilities

4.2.1 Qualifications

a) The design organization of pressure vessels which are within the jurisdiction of the "Supervision
Regulation on Safety Technology for Stationary Pressure Vessel" shall hold the corresponding special
equipment designing license;

b) The fabrication organization of pressure vessels which are within the jurisdiction of the
“ Supervision Regulation on Safety Technology for Stationary Pressure Vessel” shall hold the corresponding
special equipment manufacturing license.
6
4.2.2 Responsibilities

4.2.2.1 The responsibilities of the user or the design-trustor

The design-trustor or the vessel user shall submit the design specifications (UDS-User ’ s Design
Specification) of the vessels to the design organization in formal writing; the following contents
should be included in the design specification:

a) The main standards and regulations which the vessel design is based on;

b) Operating parameters (including the operating pressure, operating temperature range, liquid
level and the load of the connection pipes, etc.);

c) The operation location and the natural conditions of the location of the pressure vessels
(including the environment temperature, seismic fortification intensity, wind load and snow load etc.);

d) Components and characteristics of the medium;

e) Expected service life;

ηThe geometric parameters and nozzle position;

g) Other necessary conditions required by the design.

4.2.2.2 The responsibilities of the design organization

a) The design organization shall be responsible for the correctness and integrity of the design
documentation;

b) The design documentation shall at least include the strength calculation notes, the design
drawings, the manufacture technical conditions, and the risk assessment report (if required by the
relevant laws and re部ilations or the design-trustor), moreove巳 the installation instructions and maintenance
manual shall also be included when necessary;

c) The general design diagram of pressure vessels under the "Supervision Regulation on Safety
Technology for Stationary Pressure Vessel" .shall be stamped with the official stamp of design license
for special equipments;

d) The risk assessment repo口 issued by the design organization to the vessel users shall comply
with the requirements in Appendix F.

e) The design organization shall keep all of the vessel design documentation within the expected
service life of the vessels.

4.2.2.3 The responsibilities of the fabrication organization

a) The fabrication organization shall conduct the fabrication process in accordance with the
requirements specified in the design documents, if any modification of the original design is required,
the fabrication organization shall obtain a modification permission from the original design organization
in writing, and shall record the modified sections in details;

的 Beforefabrication, the fabrication organization shall draw up complete quality plans, the
contents of the plan shall include at least the fabrication technology control points, inspection items
and compliance quota of vessels or components;

7
 c) During the fabricatioi;i process and after the completion of fabrication, the inspection
department of the fabrication organization shall conduct all types of inspections and tests on the
vessels according to those specified in this standard and the drawings and quali可 plans, shall issue the
inspection and testing reports and be responsible for the correctness and integrity of the reports;

d) After the qualified inspection, the fabrication organization shall issue the product quality
certificates;

的 The
fabrication organization shall keep at least the following technical documentation for
future reference for every vessel produced by it within the design service life of the vessel:

1) Quality quota;

2) Fabrication technology drawings or fabrication technology card;

3) Product quality certificate;

4) The documentations on welding technology and heat treatment technology of the vessels;

5) Records on the inspection and test items in the standard which are within the permissible
selection for the fabrication organization;

6) Records of the check, inspection and testing carried out during the fabrication process
and a丘er the completion of the vessel fabrication;

7) The original design diagrams and project completion drawings of the vessels.

4.3 General Provisions of the Design

4.3.1 The vessel design organization (design personnel) shall carry out the vessel design in strict
accordance with the vessel design specifications provided by the user or the design-trustor, and shall
take all possible failure modes which may be occur during the operation of the vessels into consideration
and put forward measures to prevent vessel failures. The calculations on the strength, rigidity and
stability of the pressure components of the vessels shall meet the provisions specified in GB 150.3 or
the reference standards.

The vessels bearing the cyclic loads with successful operation experiences shall be approved by
the technical director of the design organization, may be designed according to this standard, supplemented
for the fatigue analysis and evaluation according to Appendix C of JB 4732, and simultaneously meet
the relevant fabrication requirements.

4.3.2 Loading

The following loading shall be taken into consideration during designing:

a) External pressure, internal pressure or the maximum pressure difference;

b) Fluid column hydrostatic pressure, when the statical pressure of liquid column is less than
5% of the design pressure, the statical pressure ofliquid column may be neglected;

The following loading also shall be considered when it is necessary:

c) The self-weight of a vessel (including internal pieces and fillers etc.), as well as the gravity
load of the inside contained medium under normal working conditions or the status of withstand
voltage test;
 d) The gravity loads of the subsidiary equipment and the insulation materials, linings, pipeline,
ladders and terraces etc.;

e) Wind load, earthquake load and snow load;

。 The reaction forces of the bearings, base rings, skirt support as well as other types of
sup po此mg items;

g) The forces of the connecting pipes and other components;

h) The forces caused by the di旺'erences of temperature gradient or thermal expansion;

i) The impact loads, including impact load caused by rapid fluctuations of pressure and reaction
force caused by fluid impact;

j) The force dm怕

4.3.3 When the design pressure or calculation pressure is determined, the following contents shall
be considered:

a) Where the vessel is equipped with an excessive pressure relief device, the design pressure of
such pressure vessel shall be determined in accordance with the provisions in Appendix B;

b) With regard to vessels containing liquefied gases, if the pressure vessels are equipped with
reliable cold facilities, then within the specified load coefficient range, the design pressure shall be
determined on the basis of maximum achievable temperature of the contained medium under working
conditions, otherwise determined according to the relevant laws and regulations;

c) With regard to external pressure vessels (such as vacuum vessel, submerged vessel and
underground vessel), the design shall consider the possible maximum pressure difference between the
internal pressure and the external pressure under normal working conditions for determining the
calculation pressure;

d) When determining the wall thickness of a vacuum vessel, the design pressure shall be
considered on the basis of external pressure bearing by the vessel. In cases where a safety control
device (such as vacuum relief valve) is equipped, the design pressure shall be the 1.25 times of the
maximum difference between the internal and external pressures or O.lMPa, whichever is lower; if
there is not a safety control device equipped, then it should be determined as O. lMPa;

e) For pressure vessels which consist of two or more pressure chambers, such as jacketed
pressure vessels, the design pressure in each pressure chamber shall be determined respectively; when
determining the calculation pressure of any public component, the maximum pressure difference
between two adjacent chambers shall be considered.

4.3.4 Determination of the design temperature

a) The design tempera阳re shall not be lower than the achievable maximum temperature of the
component metal under working conditions. With regard to the metal temperature under O ℃， the
design temperature shall not be higher than the achievable minimum temperature of the component
metal.

b) When the metal temperatures of each part of a pressure vessel under working conditions are
different, can set up the design temperature of each part separately.
9
 c) The metal temperatures of the components shall be determined by the following methods:

1) From heat transfer calculation;

2) Measured on the same type of vessels which have been in use;

3) Determined on the basis of the vessel contained medium temperature and combine with
the external conditions.

d) When the minimum des ign metal temperature is determined, the influence of the low-
temperature conditions in the atmospheric environment to the vessel shell metal temperature during the
operation process shall be taken into 在此l consideration. Low-temperature conditions in the atmospheric
environment refer to the minimum value of the monthly average minimum air temperature (namely,
the sum of the minimum temperature value per day on that month divided by the days of the month)
over the years.

4.3.5 For pressure vessels with different working conditions, the vessels shall be designed in accordance
with the harshest working condition in consideration of the combination of different working conditions
if necessary, and the drawings or corresponding technical documents shall clearly indicate the values
of pressure and temperature under each operation condition and design condition .

4.3.6 Additional thickness

The additional thickness shall be determined according to Formula (I):

fE飞

飞 ，J
噜
··Es
C=C1 十C2

4.3.6.1 The negative deviation of material thickness

The negative deviation of the thickness of sheet materials or tube materials shall be in accordance
with the material standards.

4.3.6.2 Corrosion allowance

In order for the pressure components of pressure vessels to prevent any weakening and thinning
白·om corrosions or mechanical wearing, the corrosion allowance shall be taken into consideration, and
the specific provisions are as below:

a) For components bearing even corrosion or wearing, the corrosion allowance of such com-
ponents shall be determined in accordance with the expected service life of the pressure vessels and
the cor sion speed rate (and erosion speed rate) of the medium to the metal materials;

b) When the corrosion level of each component of pressure vessels are different, then different
corrosion allowance may be adopted;

c) For pressure vessels made of carbon steel or low-alloy steel and with compressed air, water
vapor or water as the medium, its corrosion allowance shall not be lower than Imm.

4.3.7 The minimum thickness of vessel walls after forming (excluding the corrosion allowance)
shall:

a) For vessels made of carbon steel or low-alloy steel, shall not be less than 3mm;

b) For high-alloy steel vessels, usually shall not be less than 2mm.

l AU
4.3.8 The nominal thickness and minimum forming thickness of the vessel component shall
generally be marked on the design drawings.

4.4 Allowable Stress

4.4.1 The allowable stress of the materials in this standard shall be selected in accordance with GB
150.2 and corresponding reference standards. According to the specifications in Table 1 to determine
the allowable stress of steel materials (bolt materials not inclusive), according to the specifications in
Table 2 to determine the allowable stress of the steel bolt materials.

Table 1 A llowable Stress Values of Steels (Excluding the Bolt Materials)

Allowable stress/MPa
Material
Take the minimum value from following

凡 R,L R;L R~ R:,

Carbon steel, low-alloy steel
2.7 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.0

High-alloy steel E且主坠~ . 旦旦旦主2 .& .B),_

2.7 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.0

Titanium and titanium alloy 旦旦，旦旦，旦旦，坠，旦

2.7 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.0

Nickel and nickel alloy 主L 坠主旦旦.＆旦

2.7 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.0

Aluminum and aluminum alloy 旦旦生旦旦主

3.0 1.5 1.5

Copper and copper alloy 旦旦生旦旦旦

3.0 1.5 1.5

Note l For any austenitic high-alloy steel pressure component, when its design temperature is lower than the creep range, and if any
micro－则e permanent d的rm

巳xceeds Rp‘ul l.5. This rul巳 does not apply to flang巳s or s』tuations where any 『ni 巳ro训ale d巳formatio『l can r巳Sl』It in leakage or
rnalfun巳ti 。ns,

N耐 2 : If Rµ1川 f乙1.0 叫ecified in tl

Not巳 3: 1.0 × 105h, 1.5 × I 05h or 2.0 × I O'h enduranc巳 strength limit values shall be selected according to the design service life.

Table 2 Allowable Stress Values of Steel Bolt Materials

Allowable stress/MPa
Material Bolt diameter/mm Heat treatment status
Take the minimum value from the following values

三岛122
！｝正t1._
2.7
Carbon Steel Hot rolling, Normalizing
M24~M48 J己L
2.5

R:L(R占J R~
三M22
3.5 1.5
Low-alloy steel, high-alloy R~L(R~n2)
M24 ~M48 Quenching and temp巳nng
martensitic steel 3.0

R;L (R~u2)
二~M52
2.7

11
 Table 2 (continued)

Allowable stress/MPa
Material Bolt diameter/mm Heat treatment status
Take the minimum value from the following values
R;L(R；。2)
<M22
1.6 R~
High-alloy austenitic steel Solid solution
R;L Cl\,02) 1.5
M24~M48
1.5

4.4.2 When the design temperature is lower than 20 ℃， select the allowable stress at 20 ℃．

4.4.3 Allowable stress of clad steel plates

As for the clad steel plate for which bounding ratio of the clad and the base reaching Class B2
plate or the above in standard NB/T 47002, if the intensity of the clad materials shall be counted in the
电’R
·,
design calculation, the allowable stress under the design temperature shall be determined according to
Formula (2) :

［σ］； δ，＋［σ］； δ
［σr ＝一 4 (2)
6，＋ δ2

4.4.4 When eaithquake load or wind load is combined with other loads listed in 4.3 .2, then the
design stress of the components shall not be permitted to exceed 1.2 times the allowable stress, its
combination requirements shall be specified in accordance with corresponding standards.

4.4.5 Allowable axial compressive stress of cylinder:

a) According to the outer radius Ro of the cylinder and the effective thickness J., A value shall
be calculated according to Formula (3):

A=0.094J.IR。 (3)

b) The corresponding external pressure stress coefficient curve chart (Chapter 4 of GB 150.3)
shall be selected according to the cylindrical materials, B value is obtained according to its tempera阳re
line and B value may be calculated within the elastic range (straight section or its left side in the figure)
according to Formula (4):

B=2AE/3 (4)

c) Allowable axial compressive stress ［σ］ ~r may take B value and shall not be greater than ［叶！.

4.5 Classification and Coefficient of 刑leld Joints

4.5.1 Classification of weld joints

4.5.1.1 The weld joints between the pressure components of pressure vessels are classed as A, B, C
and D four categories, such as shown in Figure 1.

a) The vertical weld joint (the vertical joints of multi-layer weld-shrunk vessels are not included)
between the cylinder (including connection pipe) and the conical shell, the gi民h weld joint between
the spherical head and the cylinder, all weld joints between all types of the convex heads and flat

12
heads, or the butt connection joints between the embedded connecting pipes or flange and the vessel
wall body, are all belong to CategorγA weld joints;

b) The gi11h joints of the vessel wall body, the joints between the small ends of the conical
heads and the connection pipes, the joints between the long neck flanges and vessel wall body or
connection pipes, the butt connection joint between the flat cover or tube plate and the cylinder as
well as the butt girth joints between the connection pipes, all belong to Category B weld joints, but the
weld joints which have been classed in Category A are not included;

c) The non-butt connection joints between spherical-heads, flat covers，阳be plates and cylinders,
the joints between flanges and vessel wall body or connection pipes, the overlap joints between the
inner heads and the cylinders, as well as the ve此ical joints of m
belong to Category C weld joints, but the weld joints which have been classed in Category A and
Category B are not included;

d) The joints between the connection pipes (including manhole cylinder), flange, reinforcing 霄’R
喃

ring and the vessel wall body belong to Category D weld joints, but the weld joints which are classed
in Category A, B or C are not included .

4.5.1.2 The connection joints which connecting non-pressure components and pressure components
belong to Category E weld joints, as shown in Figure 1.

Figure 1 Classification of Weld Joints

4.5.2 Coefficient of weld joints

4.5.2.1 The coefficientφof a weld joint shall be determined on the basis of the welding form of the
butt joints and the length ratio of the non-destructive testing.

4.5.2.2 The coe旺icient of a weld joint of steel pressure vessel is specified as follows:

a) Double-sided welding bu忧 joints and full welding butt joints which are equivalent to double-
sided welding
13
 1) Overall non-destructive testing, 0= 1.0;

2) Local area non-destructive testing, 0=0.85.

b) Single-sided welding butt joints (along all length of the welding seam, sealed with base metal
pad)

l) Overall non-destructive testing, 0=0 .9;

2) Local area non-destructive testing, 0=0.8.

4.5.2.3 The coefficients of weld joints for other metal materials shall correspond to the provisions in
corresponding reference standards.

4.6 Withstand Voltage Tests

4.6.1 General requirements

4.6.1.1 Withstand voltage tests include: hydrostatic test, gas pressure test, gas and hydrostatic combined
test.

4.6.1.2 Pressure vessels are subjected to the withstand voltage tests after being produced, the type
and requirements of the test, and the test pressure values shall be clearly indicated in the drawings.

4.6.1.3 The hydrostatic test is usually used as the withstand voltage test; the test liquid shall meet
the requirements specified in GB 150.4 or relevant reference standards.

4.6.1.4 Pressure vessels not suitable for the hydrostatic test may be tested with gas pressure test or
gas and hydrostatic combined test. Pressure vessels subject to gas pressure test or gas and hydrostatic
combined test shall meet the requirements specified in GB 150.4 or relevant reference standards.

4.6.1.5 When a gas and hydrostatic combined test is adopted, the test liquid and test gas shall meet
the requirements in 4.6.1.3 and 4.6.1.4 respectively, the test pressure shall be in accordance with the
requirements of gas pressure test.

4.6.1.6 Where external pressure vessels are carried out with withstand voltage test with internal
pressure, the test pressure shall be in accordance with those specified in 4.6.2.3.

4.6.1.7 For any multi-cavity vessel which consists of two or more than two pressure chambers, the
test pressure of each pressure chamber shall be determined according to its design pressure, and the
withstand voltage test shall be carried out for each pressure chamber respectively.

a) The stabilities of public components under the test pressure shall be checked;

b) If the stability cannot meet the requirement, the leak test shall be carried out first, if qualified,
the withstand voltage test may be carried out. Provision shall be provided that certain pressure shall be
kept in the adjacent pressure chamber during the withstand voltage test in order to make the pressure
di旺erence of the pressure chambers do not exceed the allowable pressure difference at any time during
entire testing process (including pressure boosting, maintaining and releasing), and this requirements
and the allowable pressure differentials shall be indicated on the drawing;

c) If the test pressure in a certain chamber is required to be improved, it shall meet the
requirements of 4.6.3 .

4.6.2 Pressure of withstand voltage test

14
4.6.2.1 The minimum pressure value of withstand voltage tests shall meet the provisions in 4.6.2.2
and 4.6.2.3, with regard to:

a) If the hydraulic test is carried out for the horizontal vertical vessel, the test pressure shall be
the sur丑 of the test pressure and the static pressure of the liquid column in vertical test;

b)If the static pressure of liquid column containing medium under the operating conditions is
greater than that of liquid column in the hydraulic test, due consideration shall be taken to increase the
test pressure.

4.6.2.2 Internal pressure vessels

a) Hydrostatic test:

［σ］
PT =l.25p 一－－－：－；－ (5)
. lσj ‘
W轨
电脑

b) Gas pressure test or gas and hydrostatic combined test:

［σ］
PT =I.Ip~ (6)
. lσI ‘

Note I · If a maximum allowable operating pressure is indicated on the nameplate of the vessel, then in the formula the design pressure

p shall be replaced by the maximum allowable operating pressure,

Note 2: If the materials of the main pressure components such as cylinder, head, connection pipes, flanges (or manhole flanges) and

fasteners of a pressure vessel are differ巳时， then the minimum ratio value of ［σ］／｛σ］＇ of each component material shall be

selected

Note 3: ［σ］＇ shall not be less than the minimum allowable stress of the materials subject to the control of tensile strength and yield
strength.

4.6.2.3 External pressure vessels

a) Hydrostatic test:

pr=l.25p (7)

b) Gas pressure test or gas and hydrostatic combined test:

pr=l.lp (8)

4.6.3 Check of withstand voltage test stress

If a test pressure which is greater than the ones prescribed in 4.6.2 .2 or 4.6.2.3 is used, then
before conducting the withstand voltage test, the stress level of each pressure component under the
test conditions shall be checked, such as the maximum overall film stressσT of the shell.

a) Hydrostatic test， σT三0.9Rei,0;

b) Gas pressure test or gas and hydrostatic combined test， σT三0.8ReL0 .

Where ReL一一－The yield strength (or 0.2% non-proportional extension strength) of the shell material
at the test temperatur飞 MP a.
15
4.6.4 Avoidance of withstand voltage test

As for the vessels that cannot be carried out with the withstand voltage test according to the
above requirements, the design organization shall propose the safety measures that shall be taken to
avoid the withstand voltage test, under the premise of ensuring the safe operation of vessels.

4. 7 Leak Tests

4.7.1 Leak tests including air tightness testing and ammonia leak test, halogen leak test and helium
leak test.

4.7.2 For pressure vessels containing a medium with toxicity level classed as extremely toxic,
highly toxic or not allowed to have any slight quantity leakages, then a leak test shall be conducted
after qualified withstand voltage test.

Note: Medium toxicity level shall be determined according to the relevant requirements of “ Supervision Regulation on Safety
Technology for Stationary Pressure Vessel ”

4.7.3 The design organization shall submit methods and technical requirements for the leak tests of
the pressure vessels.

4.7.4 Where a leak test is required, the test pressure, test medium and the corresponding test
requirements shall be indicated in the drawings and the design documents.

4.7.5 The test pressure of the air tightness test shall be equal to the design pressure.

4.8 Structural Design Requirements of Welded Joints

4.8.1 For steel pressure vessels, the structural designs of the welded joints shall meet the requirements
specified in Appendix D of GB 150.3-2011.

4.8.2 For other metal pressure vessels, the structural designs of the welded joints shall meet the
requirements specified in the reference standards.

4.9 Excessive Pressure Relief Device

Pressure vessels within the application scope of this standard, if there is any excessive pressure
happens during the operation process, an excessive pressure relief device shall be fitted in accordance
with Appendix B.

16
 Appendix A

(Normative)

Conformity Declarations and Revisions

A.1 The fonnulation of all parts of this standard has followed the general safety requirements specified
in the State issued safety regulations for pressure vessels, the design criteria, material requirements,
technical requirements on the fabrication and testing, as well as the acceptance criteria of the pressure
vessels are in line with the corresponding regulations in the “ Supervision Regulation on Safety
Technology for Stationary Pressure Vessel”. All parts of this standard are harmonized standards, that
is, all pressure vessels which are constructed according to all parts of this standard, are able to meet
the general safety requirements which are stated in the "Supervision Regulation on Safety Technology
for Stationary Pressure Vessel".

A.2 Proposal review mechanism is adopted for the revision of this standard. Any organization or
person is entitled to offer a proposal for the revision of this standard and submit the revision suggestions
to the National Technical Committee on Boilers and Pressure Vessels of Standardization Administration
of China (hereinafter referred to as “ Committee”) in the form of “ Table A.1 Standard Proposal/Inqui厅”－
The Committee examines the received standard revision proposal and includes the adopted technical
contents in the standard of the next edition according to the examination results.

Table A.1 Standard Proposal/Inquiry No.

口 Standard proposal 口 Standard inquiry Standard name

Organization Name

Contact address Postal code

Telephone/fax E-mail

Standard clauses

Proposal/inquiry contents (attach a separate sheet if necessary)

Technical basis and relative information (attach a separate sheet if necessary)

Additional explanation :

Organization seal or proposer (i nquirer) signature: Submission date:

Date:

National Technical Committee on Boilers and Pressure Vessels of Standardization Administration

of China

Address: F3; Building D, Xiyuan No. 2, Heping Street, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100013

E-mail: GB150@cscbpv.org

17
 Appendix B

(Normative)

Excessive Pressure Relief Device

B.1 Scope

B.1.1 As for all vessels, if any excessive pressure will possibly occurs during the operation, an
excessive pressure relief device (hereinafter referred to as the “ Relief Device") shall be provided in
accordance with the requirements of this Appendix.

B.1.2 This Appendix applies to relief devices fitted on vessels, including safety valves, bursting disc
safety devices, assemblies of safety valves and bursting disc safety devices.The relief devices installed
on the connecting pipelines of vessels may refer to this Appendix.

B.1.3 This Appendix does not apply to vessels that during operation the pressure is possible to
rapidly increase, and its reaction speed reaches to the detonation state.

Note: Detonation means that the burning speed of the substance is fast enough to reach to IOOOm per second or faster, which produces
absolutely different phenomenon from usual deflagration.

B.2 Definitions

B.2.1 Actuating pressure

In this appendix, it refers to the set pressure of the safety valve or the design burst pressure of the
bursting disc.

B.2.2 Set pressure

Under operating conditions, the set pressure for the safety valve to open, it is the gauge pressure
measured at the valve inlet. The force generated by the medium pressure under the set pressure and
specified operating c9nditions to open the valve is balanced with the force to maintain the valve clack
on the valve seat.

B.2.3 Design burst pressure

It is the burst pressure value of the bursting disc set according to the operating conditions and
corresponding safety technical regulations of the vessel where the vessel is under the design burst
temperatur飞

B.2.4 Marked burst pressure

It is marked on the nameplate of the bursting disc, under a specified design (or licensed test) burst
temperatur飞 when conducting sampling burst test to a same batch of bursting discs, the arithmetical
mean value of the actual measured burst pressure.

B.2.5 Fabrication scope

Allowable distr协ution scope of the marked burst pressure of one batch of bursting discs relative
to the design burst pressure difference. When the bursting discs take zero fabrication scope, the marked
burst pressure shall be the design burst pressure.

B.2.6 Minimum marked burst pressure

18
 The algebraic sum of design burst pressure and lower deviation of fabrication scope.

B.3 General Provisions

B.3.1 When a vessel is equipped with relief devices, generally the design pressure of the vessel is
treated as the initial pressure of the excessive pressure limit.

If the maximum allowable working pressure is marked on the design drawing and nameplate, the
maximum allowable working pressure of the vessel may replace the design pressure, the same below.

B.3.2 When a pressure vessel is equipped with relief device, then the actuating pressure of the relief
device and the excessive pressure limit of the vessel shall meet the following requirements.

B.3.2.1 When a pressure vessel is equipped with only one relief device, then the actuating pressure
of the relief device shall not exceed the design pressure and the excessive pressure limit of the vessel
shall not be greater than 10% of the design pressure or 20kPa, whichever is greater.

B.3.2.2 认Then a pressure vessel is equipped with multiple relief devices, then the actuating pressure
of one of the relief devices shall not exceed the design pressure, the actuating pressures of other relief
devices may be increased to 1.05 times of the design pressure; the excessive pressure limit of vessels
shall not be greater than 16% of the design pressure or 30kPa, whichever is greater.

B.3.2.3 When considering the situations, where the a pressure vessel will be possibly encountered
with fire disaster or come close to any unexpected external heat sources which may lead to danger, the
excessive pressure limit of the vessel shall not be greater than 21 % of the design pressure; an auxiliary
relief device shall be equipped with the vessel, with an 邵阳ating pressure no greater than 1.1 times of
the design pressure of the vessel if the relief devices in B.3 .2.1 or B.3 .2.2 cannot meet the excessive
pressure limit requirements.

B.3.3 Any one of the following circumstances, can be regarded as one vessel, in which case only one
relief device is required to be fitted at the dangerous place (on the pressure vessel or on a pipeline),
however when calculating the discharge capacity of the relief device, the connection pipeline between
pressure vessels shall be included:

a) Pressure vessels connected to pressure sources but where the pressure vessels do not generate
any pressure by themselves, and the design pressure of such vessels have reached to the pressure of
the pressure source;

的 The design pressures over a few pressure vessels are the same or slightly different, the
connection between the pressure vessels are conducted by connection pipes with large enough
openings, and there is no block valve fitted between the vessels, or although the block valves are
adopted, adequate measures are taken to ensure the block valves in the complete opening position and
lead seal state under the normal working periods of the vessels.

B.3.4 In the case of the pressure inside the vessel happens to be lower than the atmospheric pressure,
and when this pressure vessel cannot withstand this negative pressure conditions, then a relief device
used to prevent negative pressure shall be fitted.

B.3.5 Pressure vessels such as heat exchangers shall be equipped with relief devices in the low
temperature space, if the high-temperature medium may leak to the low-temperature medium, so as to
generate vapor.

19
B.3.6 Where a vessel is required to fit relief devices and there are no special requirements, the safety
valves shall be preferred.

B.3.7 When one of the following conditions is met, then the safety devices of the bursting discs
shall be adopted:

a) Rapid increase of the pressure (such as the chemical reaction, chemical explosion and
detonation in which the molecular weight is increased);

b) Higher sealing demands;

c) The substances contained in the vessel will lead to safety valve failure;

d) Other situations where the safety valves will not be applied.

B.3.8 Jn order to minimize the expensive medium, toxic medium, or other hazardous medium J eaking
out through the safety valves, or in order to prevent corrosive gases from the discharge pipeline
ge创ng into the inside of the safety valves, the safety valves and the safety devices of the bursting
discs may be used in series.

B.3.9 Pressure vessels which are in one of the following conditions, then one or more safety devices
for the bursting discs and the safety valves may be used in parallel:

的 To prevent the rapid increase of the pressure in abnormal operating conditions;

b) As an auxiliary relief device, the discharge area is required to be increased for considering
encountering with fire disaster or near unexpected external heat source.

B.3.10 As for the pressure vessels containing flammable medium or extreme-toxicity, high-toxicity
or medium-toxicity harmful medium, the relief devices shall be equipped with ducts at the discharge
outlets to discharge the medium to the safe place and treat carefull队 the medium shall not be discharged
directly into the atmosphere.

B.4 Safety Valves

B.4.1 Safety valves are used for clean, low viscosity medium which do not contain any solid
particles.

B.4.2 Safety valves shall not be used in circumstances with rapid increase of pressure.

B.4.3 Safety valves should not be independently used in circumstances when the valve seat and
valve clack sealing surfaces may be adhered by the medium or the medium may tum into the
crystalloid, but the bursting disc safety devices may be connected to the inlet sides of the safety valves
m senes .

B.4.4 The common safety valve is usually adopted as a spring direct-loaded safety valve which has
two types, full lift safety valves and low l的 safety valves. Full lift safety valves are suitable for
discharging medium such as gas, vapor and liquefied gas, low li丘 safety valves are generally used to
discharge liquid medium. Auto-excitation non-direct-loaded safety valve may also be adopted, namely
the pilot-operated safety valve.

B.4.5 The nominal diameter of any safety valve used for liquid shall be at least l 5mm.

B.4.6 The set pressure deviation of safety valve shall not be greater than 土3 % of the set pressure or
20
土O . OlSMPa, whichever is greater.

B.4. 7 Where the safety valves are installed, the design pressure of a pressure vessel shall be
determined according to the following procedures:

a) The set pressure Pz of a safety valve is determined according to the operating pressure Pwof
the vessel; generally Pz=(l .05 ~ l. l)pw; Pz<0.18孔1Pa, the ratio of Pz of Pw may be increased properly;

b) The design pressure p of a pressure vessel shall be equal to or slightly greater than the set
pressure Pz, namely p三'Pz ·

B.4.8 Relevant technical requirements of the safety valves shall meet GB/T 12241.

B.5 Bursting Disc Safety Device

B.5.1 A bursting disc safety device is primarily formed by a bursting disc and a holder. Common
shapes of bursting discs are conventional domed, reverse domed and flat.
哈’院
喃

B.5.2 Bursting disc safety device is applicable to the situation where the pressure rises rapidly,
which is generally used to protect the performance of safety valve and used in series with it.

B.5.3 Bursting disc safety devices may not be independently used in situations where the discharged
medium is of extreme-toxicity or high-toxicity, explosive medium or liquefied petroleum gas; they
may be used in combination with the safety valves in these situations.

B.5.4 When applied to liquid, a bursting disc safety device which is suitable for all liquid phase
shall be selected.

B.5.5 Where the pressure vessels are equipped with bursting disc safety devices, the design pressure
of the pressure vessels shall be determined according to the following procedures:

a) Determine the minimum marked burst pressure Psmin of the bursting discs according to
different shapes of domed metallic bursting discs, see Table B. l for the recommended Psmin values;

Table B.l Minimum Marked Burst Pressure Psmin

Bursting disc shape Loading characters p,m;,/MPa

Simple conventional domed Static load 主J .43pw
Slotted conventional domed Static load 主 l.25pw

Conventional domed Pulsating load ；三 J.7pw

Rev巳rse domed Static load, pulsating load ::O:l.lpw

Note: If the designers have plenty 巳xperiences or reliable data, they may not comply with the requirements of Table B. I.

b) Select the fabrication scope of the bursting discs, see Table B.2;

Table B.2 Fabrication Scope of Bursting Disc MPa

Full scope 1/2 scope 114 scope 0 scope

Category of Design burst
Upper limit Lower limit Upper limit Lower limit Upper limit Lower limit Upper Lower
bursting disc pressure
(positive) (negative) (positive) (negative) (positive) (negative) limit limit
>0.30~ 0.40 0.045 0.025 0.025 0.015 0.010 。 .010 。 。
Conventional
>0.40~ 0.70 0.065 0.035 0.030 0.020 0.020 0.010 。 。
domed
>0.70~ 1.00 0.085 0.045 0.040 0.020 0.020 0.010 。 。

21
 Table B.2 (continued)

Full scope 1/2 scope 114 scope 0 scope

Category of Design burst
Upper limit Lower limit Upper limit Lower limit Upper limit Lower limit Upper Lower
bursting disc pressure
(positive) (negative) (positive) (negative) (positive) (negative) limit limit
>l.OO-L40 O.llO 0.065 0.060 0.040 0.040 0.020 。 。

Conventional >1.40~2.50 0.160 0.085 0.080 0.040 0.040 0.020 。 。

domed >2.50~3.50 0.210 。 105 0.100 0.050 0.040 0025 。 。

>3.50 6% 3% 3% 1.5% 1.5% 0.8% 。 。

Reverse domed 主0.1 。 10% 。 5% 。 。

Note: As for the conventional domed bursting disc, when the design burst pressure is less than OJMPa, the fabrication organization
and the using organization (or design organization) may negotiate and determine a larger fabrication scope that may be
accepted by both parties
””
嗯

c) Calculate the design burst pressure of the bursting discs pb; Pb is equal to the sum of Psmin and
the lower limit (the absolute value) of the selected bursting discs fabrication scope;

d) Determine the design pressure of a pressure vessel p; p is not less than the sum of Pb and the
upper limit of the selected bursting discs fabrication scope.

B.5.6 Materials for bursting disc safety device

B.5.6.1 The materials for bur ing discs are not restricted by the material designations in GB 150. 2
and shall be corηpatible with the medium, and generally they shall be determined according to the
agreement achieved by the supplier and the user according to the use conditions. See Table B.3 for the
common materials used for bursting discs and their maximum applicable temperature.

Table B.3 The Maximum Applicable Temperature of Bursting Discs

Bursting disc material Maximum applicable temperature/"C

Pure aluminum 100
Pure silver 120
Pure nickel 400
Austenitic stainless steel 400
Nickel copper alloy (Mone!) 430
Nickel-chrome alloy (Inconel) 480
Nickel molybdenum-chrome alloy (Hastelloy) 480
Graphite 200
Note: When the surface of any bursting disc is covered with sealing film or protecting film, the effect from the cover materials to the
maximum applicable temperature shall be t汰en into consideration

B.5.6.2 For bursting disc safety devices used with corrosive medium or in corrosive environments,
and has the possibilities of leading to early efficiency loss of the bursting disc safety devices, the
surfaces of the bursting discs shall be conducted with anti-corrosion measures such as plating, coating
or lining to prevent the bursting disc safety devices from corrosion and invalidity.

B.5.6.3 For the holders, the common materials includes carbon steel, austenitic stainless steel, nickel
copper alloy and nickel iron chromium alloy for pressure vessels. The properties of the materials shall
22
be compatible with the medium .

B.5.7 The selection and relevant technical requirements of the bursting disc safety devices shall be
in accordance with GB 567.

B.6 Combined Installation of Safety Valves and Bursting Disc Safety Devices

B.6.1 If a bursting disc safety device is connected in series on the inlet side of a safety valve, when
the bursting disc bursts, there shall be no debris allowed. The cavity between the bursting disc safety
device and the safety valve shall be fitted with a pressure gage, an exhaust outlet and an alarm indicator.

B.6.2 If a bursting disc safety device is connected in series on the outlet side of a safety valve, then
the safety valve shall adopt special struc阳re type (such as balance safety valve with bellows) to avoid
the accumulated backpressure between the safety valve and the bursting disc safety device, and to
ensure that the safety valve is still able to open under the set pressure. Meanwhile, the cavity between
the bursting disc safety device and the safety valve shall be equipped with exhaust outlet or liquid
discharge port.

B.6.3 When a safety valve and a bursting disc safety device are connected as series combination,
then the actuating pressure of a single relief device and the excessive pressure limit of the pressure
vessel shall meet the requirements in B3 .2.1.

B.6.4 Where the bursting disc safety device is connected in parallel to the safety valve, the actuating
pressure of the relief device and the excessive pressure limit of the pressure vessel shall meet the
requirements in B3 .2.2, in which the actuating pressure of the safety valve shall not exceed its design
pressur飞 the actuating pressure of the bursting disc shall not exceed 1.05 times of its design pressure.
When the excessive pressure caused by the potential fire or close to the unpredictable external heat
source is taken into consideration, the actuating pressure of relief device and the excessive pressure
limit of the pressure vessel shall meet the requirements of B.3 .2.3 .

B. 7 Calculation of the Vessel Required Discharge Capacity

B.7.1 Symbols

Ar一一－Heat area of vessel, m2;

Horizontal vessels with hemispherical heads Ar=3. I 4D0L;

Horizontal elliptical head vessels Ar=3. l 4D。 （L+0.3D。）；

Vertical vessels Ar=3.14D0h1;

Sp her比al vessels Ar=l .57 n:

or the external surface area from the ground up to 7.Sm
high, between which the higher value shall be taken;

Do一一－The external diameter of a vessel, m;

d一一－The inner diameter of the feeding tube of a vessel, mm;

F一一－Coefficient,

When a pressure vessel is positioned underground and is covered with sand and soil, then
F=0.3;

When a pressure vessel is positioned on the ground, F=l.O;

23
 When a pressure vessel is positioned under a spraying device with speed higher than
I OL/(m2 · min), F=0.6;

H一一－Input heat, kJ/h;

h1一一－The maximum liquid level of a vessel, m;

L一一－The total length of a pressure vessel, m;

q一一－The latent heat of vaporization of the liquid under relief pressure, kJ/kg;

υ一一－The flow rate in the feeding tube of a vessel, mis;

t一一－The saturation temperature of the medium under relief pressure，℃；

Ws一－The required discharge capacity of a vessel, kg/h;

d一一－The thickness of the insulation layer of a vessel, m;

2－一－The thermal conductivity of the insulation material under normal pressure, kJ/(m · h ·℃）；

ρ一一－The medium density under discharge temperature (set temperature and design pressure),
kg/旷．

B.7.2 The required discharge capaci可 of vessels containing compressed gases or water steam

a) The required discharge capacity of vessels such as compressor tanks for gas saving or steam
tanks, take the maximum production (gas or steam) capacity produced by the compressor and the
steam generator respectively;

b) The required discharge capacity of gas tanks, shall be determined according to Formula (B. l ):

W,=2.83x10-3ρvcf (B .l)

B.7.3 When a heat exchanger generates steam, its required discharge capacity shall be determined
according to Formula (B.2):

W,=Hlq (B.2)

B.7.4 The required discharge capacity of vessels containing liquefied gases

B.7.4.1 For a vessel where its medium is explosive liquefied gas or its medium is non-explosive
liquefied gas which, however, is positioned in an operating condition where fire will possibly arise, its
required discharge capacity shall be calculated according to the conditions with or without thermal
insulation layer:

a) If without thermal insulation layer, the required discharge capacity shall be calculated
according to Formula (B.3):

o F4
q牛－

--
严、
F
、JF

×一

WS
J －

-
q (B.3)

的 If with complete thennal insulation layer (such as the thermal insulation layer not damaged
under the fire), the required discharge capacity shall be calculated according to Fonnula (B.4):

24
 川叫一
到一δq
x fo

fo 一
呵／－－

A
句
WS -

一
-
(B.4)

B.7.4.2 For a vessel where its medium is non-explosive liquefied gas, when the vessel is placed and
operating in a non-fire danger environment, the required discharge capacity of this vessel shall be
calculated by Formula (B.3) or (B.4) respectively according to whether the vessel is equipped with a
thermal insulation layer, and take a value no lower than 30% of the calculated value.

B.7.5 For a vessel where its gas volume can be increased by chemical reaction, its required discharge
capacity shall be determined by the possible maximum capacity generated by the chemical reactions
inside the vessel and the reaction time.

B.8 Calculation of Discharge Area of Relief Device

B.8.1 Applicable scope

This section applies to the calculation of the discharge area when single-phase medium goes
through relief devices. When the medium is in liquid state, then there shall not be any flash evaporation
happening.

B.8.2 Symbols

A •- The minimum discharge area of safety valves or bursting discs, mm2;

C-Gas characteristic coefficient, look up in Table B.4 or take according to the following
fonnula:

C=520

K一一－The discharge coefficient of a relief device;

For safety valves, K shall be the rated discharge coefficient (the rated discharge coefficient
is usually provided by the manufacturer of the safety valve);

For bursting discs, K is the coefficient related to the shape of inlet pipeline of the bursting
disc device, which shall be determined according to Table B.5 and shall meet a)~d):

a) Emit directly to the atmosphere:

的 The distance from the bursting disc safety device to the vessel body shall not exceed
8 times of the pipe diameter;

c) The length of the discharge pipe of the bursting disc safety device shall not exceed 5
times of the pipe diameter;

d) The nominal diameter of the upper and lower connection pipes of the bursting disc
safety device shall not be smaller than the nominal diameter of the discharge opening
of the bursting disc safety device.

If the shape of the inlet pipeline is hard to determine or a)~d) are not met, K=0.62; as for
the liquid medium, take K as 0.62 or according to regulations specified in relative safety
25
 technical codes;

k一一－The adiabatic exponent of the gas, see Table B.6;

M一一The molar mass of the gas, kg/kmol;

Po－一－The pressure absolute pressure at the outlet side of the relief device, MPa;

P「一一The relief pressure (absolute pressure) of the relief device, including two parts which are
the design pressure and excessive pressure limit, MPa;

f...p一一－The difference between the internal pressure and the external pressure when the relief
device is discharging, MPa;

R一一－The common gas constant, J/(kmol · K), R=8314;

Re一The Reynolds Numb叽 Re=0.3134 乓＝；

μ、 A

T「－The discharge temperature of the relief device, K;

W－一The discharge capacity of the relief device, kg/h;

Ws一一－The required discharge capacity of pressure vessel, kg/h;

z一一－The compressibility factor of the g缸， see Figure B.1 , for air Z=l.O;
C一一－The correction coefficient of liquid dynamic viscosity, see Figure B.2, when the viscosity
of any liquid is not greater than the viscosity of 20°C water, then (=1.0;

µ一一－The liquid dynamic viscosity, Pa · s;

ρ一一－Medium density under discharge conditions (design temperature and set pressure), kg/m3.

B.8.3 Calculation of the discharge area of individual relief device

B.8.3.1 Gas

I ·; \k-1
a) Critical condition, that is when pofpr.三｜一二一｜
\ k+ 1)

山16主；再 (B.5)

i 「7 飞 k-1
b) Subcritical condition, that is when pofpr：三｜一二一｜
\ k + 1)

A =1.79 × 10-2 (B.6)

Kpr

26
B.8.3.2 Saturated vapor

The vapor content in saturated vapor shall not be less than 98% and the maximum superheating
temperature is 1l ℃．

a) Whenp正 lOMPa

A=0.19 一」一
w (B.7)
Kpr

b) When 1OMPa<pr.三22MPa

企0哇（；二~~~J (B.8)

.196 一一旦一 (B.9)

sK-fPi:P
As for the viscous fluid, the calculation procedures of the discharge area are as follows:

a) Assuming the fluid is non-viscous, take (=1.0 and calculate the initial discharge area and the
corresponding diameter according to Formula (B.9), which shall be rounded up off to the neares t
nominal diameter in the product ser s specification and the corresponding discharge area;

的 Calculate the rounded-off discharge area according to a) and calculate the discharge capacity
W according to Formula (B.9) and (=1.0;

c) Calculate the Reynolds number based on the discharge capacity W from b) and the rounded-

w
off discharge area from a) according to Formula Re=0.3134 －一r=, look up (value from Figure B.2,
μ～ A
re-calculate the discharge capacity Wbased on the above (value according to Formula (B.9);

d) If W三叭， the diameter (area) is the one to be obtained; if W＜ 吭， use the discharge area
corresponding to the nominal diameter of the products (one class higher) to replace the rounded-off
discharge area calculated from a), repeat the calculation in b)~d) until ~Ws.

B.8.4 The actual discharge area of the selected safety relief device shall not be smaller than the
discharge area A calculated according to B.8.3.

Table B.4 Coefficient of Gas Characteristics C

k c k c k c k c
1.00 315 1.20 337 l.40 356 1.60 372

1.02 318 1.22 339 1.42 358 1.62 374

1.04 320 1.24 341 1.44 359 1.64 376

l.06 322 1.26 343 l .46 361 l.66 377

l.08 324 1.28 345 1.48 363 1.68 379

1.10 327 1.30 347 1.50 365 1.70 380

27
 Table B.4 (continued)

k c k c k c k c
1.12 329 1.32 349 l.52 366 2.00 400

1.14 331 1.34 351 1.54 368 2.20 412

1.16 333 1.36 352 1.56 369

1.18 335 1.38 354 1.58 371

Table B.5 Discharge Coefficient of Bursting Disc Safety Device

Serial No. Schematic diagram of connection pipe Shape of connection pipe I Discharge coefficient K

Plug-in type connection

0.68
pipe

2 Flat connection pipe 0.73

Transitional round corner

3 0.80
connection pipe

Table B.6 Properties of Some Gases

Molecular Molar massλ4 Adiabatic exponent k Critical pressure P, Critical temperature 几

Gas
formu la kglkmol (0.013MPa, under 15 ℃） MPa (absolute pressure) K

Air 28.97 1.40 3.769 132.45

Nitrogen N, 28.01 1.40 3.394 126.05

Oxygen o, 32.00 1.40 5.036 154.35

Hydrogen H, 2.02 1.41 1.297 33.25

Chlorine Ch 70.91 1.35 7.711 417.15

Carbon monoxide co 28.01 1.40 3.546 134.15

Carbon dioxide C02 44.01 1.30 7.397 304.25

Ammonia NH3 17.03 1.31 11.298 405.55

Hydrogen chloride HCI 36.46 1.41 8.268 324.55

Hydrogen sulphide H1S 34.08 132 9.008 373.55

28
 Ta ble B.6 (conti nued)

Molecular MolarmassM Adiabatic exponent k Critical pressure Pc Critical temperature Tc

Gas
formula kg/kmol (0 .013MPa, under 1 5 ℃） MPa (absolute pressure) K

Nitrous oxide N20 44.01 1.30 7.265 309.65

Sulphur dioxide S02 64.06 1.29 7.873 43035

Methane CH斗 16.04 1.31 4.641 190.65

Acetylene C2H2 26.02 1.26 6.282 309.15

Ethylene C2H4 28.05 1.25 5.157 282.85

Ethane C2H6 30.05 1.22 4.945 305.25

Propylene C3H• 42.08 1.15 4.560 365.45

Propane C3H吕 44.10 1.13 4.357 368.75

、，

Butane C,H10 58.12 1.11 3.648 426.15

Isobutane CH (CH3)3 58.12 1.11 3.749 407.15

1 {]
0. 1 0. 2 0. 3 0. 4 。. 5 . 2.0 3. 0 4.0 5. 0 10
1. 5 1. 5

l. 4
1. 4

l. 3
1. 3

]. 2
1. 2

1. 1
]. l

1 AU
E。昂 的ω

1. 0
』且巨u

0.9 I II 0. 9
。mdo

1 Saturated ,liquid

0.8 0. 8

0. 7
0. 7

nu n
hu
0.6

0. 5 0. 5

i I
0. 4
巴巴坐.＇.！：＇.id 0. 4

0. :1 0. 3
0. I 0. 2 0. 3 0.4 0. 5 1. 0 2.0 3.0 4. 0 5.0 10

Reduced pressure

_Medium relievingtemperattre (K) Medium relie叩ing pressure (MPa)

Reduced Temp巳rature T; Reduced pressure p, = (Absolute pressure)
' Mediumcritical t臼nperat1re (K) Medium critical pressure (MPa)

Figure B.1 Gas Compressibility Coefficient

29
 1. 0 ..
阳，

恒”
, 忡 如””””F
-
~
0.9
/ 回

v
0.8
v
>J、

::i 0. 7
/
u
Eo.> /
0
也J
/
g 0. 6 ←－－白白白’
巳J
也A

υ0 . 5

0.4
/

0. 3
10 20 40 60 100 200 400 1 000 2 0004 000 10 000 20 000 100 000

Reynolds number Re

Figure B2 Correction Coefficient(() of Liquid Dynamic Viscosity

B.9 Installation of the Relief Devices

B.9.1 The relief devices shall be installed on the vessel body or on the connection pipeline of the
vessel where it is easy to install, inspect and maintain. The valve body of the safety valve shall be
positioned straight up at the top of the vessel or pipeline.

B.9.2 The relief devices shall be installed at a location near to the stressor of the vessel. If a relief
device is used for gas medium, then it shall be installed at gas-phase space (including the gas-phase
space which is above the liquid) or on the pipeline connected to such space; if the relief device is used
for liquid medium, then it shall be installed under the normal surface of the liquid.

B.9.3 The cross-section area of all pipes and tubes between the vessel and the relief devices shall
not be smaller than the discharge area of the relief device; its connection pipe shall be as short and
straight as possible to avoid generating too much pressure loss. If two or more than 队NO relief devices
(excluding the spare safety valves) are installed on one connection port, then the cross-section area of
the inlet of this connection po11 shall be at least equal to the total sum of the cross-section areas of the
inlets of all these relief devices.

B.9.4 The intermediate block valve usually shall not be installed between the vessel and the relief
device . For vessels requiring continuous operation, a block valve specifically used for maintenance
may be installed between the vessel and its relief devices. During the normal operation of the vessel,
the block valve shall be in a fully open state and lead seal state.

B.9.5 The support structure of the relief devices shall have sufficient strength (or rigidity), to ensure
it can bear the force generated during the discharging process of the discharge device.

B.10 Discharge Pipe

B.10.1 Discharge pipe shall be designed in a vertical direction, its port diameter shall not be smaller
than the outlet diameter of the relief device. If multiple relief devices use a single discharge head pipe,
30
then the cross-section area of the head pipe shall not be smaller than the total sum of the cross-section
areas of the outlets of relief devices.

B.10.2 If in the discharge pipes there possibly are some explosive mediums to be discharged, then
measures such as flame arrester shall be installed to prevent fire according to the requirements of
relevant regulations.

B.10.3 Discharge holes shall be set at the appropriate locations of the discharge pipes, to avoid rain,
snow and condensate etc. building up in the discharge pipes.

B.10.4 During the process of installing the discharge pipeline of the bursting disc safety devices, the
center line of the discharge pipeline shall be aligned with the center line of the bursting disc safety
device, to avoid the bursting discs bearing uneven forces.

31
 Appendix C

(Normative)

Determination of Vessel Design Pressure by Confirmatory Burst Test

C.l General Provisions

C.1.1 This Appendix specifies the primary requirements by using confirmatory burst test to determine
the design pressure of pressure vessels.

C.1.2 This Appendix applies to pressure vessels or pressure components for which the structure
design calculations are unable to be carried out by according to GB 150.3. For a pressure component
whose calculated thickness can be correctly calculated by according to GB 150.3, the structural
strength design shall meet the requirements in GB 150.3, and the methods specified in this Appendix
shall not be adopted.

C.1.3 The vessels and the test vessels (or components and test components) shall meet the following
requirements:

a) Same design structure and shape;

b) Same materials, that is the corresponding material standards, nameplates and heat treatment
status shall be consistent;

c) Same nominal thickness and structural dimensions. For structures with s创ne section mea-
surement, its length shall not be longer than the confirmatory test item;

d) Same heat treatment requirements;

e) The fabrication deviation should meet the requirements in GB 150.4.

C.1.4 If only some of the pressure components of a pressure vessel have a maximum allowable
opeiating pressure determined by using confirmatory burst tests, then the design pressure of this
pressure vessel shall be determined by according to the requirements of all pressure components.

C.1.5 This Appendix shall not be used to the design of pressure vessels used to contain medium
when the toxicity level is extremely toxic or highly toxic.

C.2 Administration and Responsibilities

C.2.1 The fabrication of the test item for the confirmatory burst test shall be completed by the
fabrication organization of this vessel or pressure components, the test shall be conducted by the
fabrication organization of this vessel or pressure components or an entrusted third party.

C.2.2 The conducting process of this confirmatory burst test shall give full consideration to the
safety of the test personnel and the test sites, the safety measures on the test procedures and test sites
shall be approved by the technical leader of the organization conducting the test.

C.2.3 The entire test process shall accept the testimony of the personnel from the inspection institution
with reference to the supervision and inspection requirements of the vessel withstand voltage test, the
confirmatory burst test repo1t shall be signed and confirmed by the personnel of inspection institution.

C.2.4 Technical review

32
C.2.4.1 The technical documentation about using confirmat。可 burst tests to determine the design
pressure of a vessel or the maximum allowable operating pressure of pressure components are subjected
to technical reviews in accordance with Article 1.9 of the “ Supervision Regulation on Safety Technology
for Stationary Pressure Vessel ”.

C.2.4.2 Requirements of technical documentation

C.2.4.2.1 The documentation on the design and fabrication of the test item shall contain at least the
following contents:

a) The structural design drawing of the test item;

b) The material quality certificates;

c) The technology documents of fabrication process;

d) The inspection record;

e) Other relevant documents.

C.2.4.2.2 The confirmatory burst test report shall at least the following contents:

a) The test and experimental equipment;

b) The test procedures;

c) The record of the test process;

d) The test conclusion.

C.3 Test Requirements

C.3.1 Confinnatory burst test usually uses water as the test medium, the test medium and temperature
shall be in line with the provisions in GB 150.4.

C.3.2 Before conducting confirmatory burst test to the test vessel, the pressure of the withstand
voltage test shall not exceed 1.25 times of the expected design pressure.

C.3.3 The pressure increase for the confirmatory burst test shall be carried out slowly. Firstly,
gradually increase the pressure to 0.5 times of the expected design pressure, after maintaining the
pressure and observing, then gradually increase the pressure as 1110 of the expected design pressure,
until the pressure has reached to the expected design pressure, after conducting at least 10 minutes of
pressure maintaining and observing, then continuously increase the pressure as 1/10 of expected
design pressure to the burst stopping point or set stopping point.

C.3.4 The confirmatory burst test may choose suitable pressure as the stopping point, it will be valid
as far as the design pressure calculated by using this stopping point pressure meets the requirement of
expected design pressure.

C.4 Determination of Design Pressure

C.4.1 Maximum allowable working pressure under the test temperature

a) When using C.4.4 to determine Rmave, use the Formula (C.l) to calculate the maximum
allowable working pressure p ” under the test temperature, otherwise use Formula (C.2) to calculate:
33
 J’一 pbRm0
…一 (C.1)
4Rmave

__ ,, pbRm0
U 一
(C.2)
4Rm11

Where P，，一一－The maximum allowable working pressure under the test temperature, MPa;

Pb一一－The pressure of the burst test or the pressure of the test stopping point, MP a;

G一一The coefficient of welded joint;

Rm一一一The lower limit of the standard tensile strength of the material;

Rmave一一－The average tensile strength of the test item at room temperature, MPa, determined
by according to C.4.4;

Rm11一一一The upper limit of the tensile strength of material，如1Pa.

的 After considering the corrosion allowance, the maximum allowable working pressure p ’ under
the test temperature shall be determined by according to Formula (C.3):

., (t-C2Y
p =p 寸？一 (C.3)

Where p『一一－After considering the corrosion allowance, the maximum allowable working pressure
under the test temperature, MPa;

t一一－The material thickness at the place where the strength is weakest, mm;

C2一一→The corrosion allowance, mm;

n一一－The shape factor of structure. For cylinders, sphere shells, and conical shells with
half ve1tex angle of α三60° etc., as well as when the bending stress of pressure com-
ponents not exceeding 2/3 of the total stress, n=l; for flat surf注ce or semi-flat surface,
such as flat cover plates, flanges or cone with half vertexα三60° etc, as well as when
the bending stress of pressure components exceeds 2/3 of the total stress, n=2.

C.4.2 Maximum allowable working pressure under the design temperature

Maximum allowable working pressure under the design temperature Pmax shall be calculated
according to Formula (C.4):

，［σr (C.4)
Pmax = P 一一
…［σ］

Where Pmax一一－Maximum allowable working pressure under the design temperature, MPa;

［σ］＇一一－The allowable stress of the material under the design temperatm飞 MP a;

［σ］一一－The allowable stress of the material under the test temperature, MPa.
34
C.4.3 The maximum allowable working pressure obtained from C.4.1 ~ C.4.2 shall be regarded as
the criteria for determining the vessel design pressure p .

C.4.4 Determination of the average tensile strength Rmave of the test sample

C.4.4.1 The test sample shall be cut from mater切l which is same as the material of the test vessel by
mechanical methods.

C.4.4.2 Take the average value of tensile strength from three samples as the average tensile strength.

35
 Appendix D

(Normative)

Comparative Empirical Design Method

D.1 General Provisions

D.1.1 This Appendix specifies the general requirements for using the comparative empirical design
method .

D.1.2 This Appendix applies to the comparative empirical design of pressure vessels where the
comparative empirical designed pressure vessels and the reference pressure vessel shall have the same
or similar structures and design conditions.

D.1.3 Pressure vessels meeting the following requirements may use the comparative empirical
design method set in this Appendix:

a) Pressure vessels cannot be designed by according to GB 150.3;

b) The lower limit of the standard tensile strength of the materials is lower than 540MPa;

c) Pressure vessels containing medium with toxicity level as moderate hazard.

D.1.4 The design organization shall obtain the user approved testimony documents and design
documents about the safe use of the reference pressure vessel.

D.1.5 The vessels adopting the comparative empirical design shall follow Article 1.9 of the
“ Supervision Regulation on Safety Technology for Stationary Pressure Vessel" to pass the technology
assessment.

D.2 Requirements on Using Experiences

D.2.1 The reference pressure vessel shall be a vessel has been in actual operation, and its safe
operation period shall not be less than 5 years.

D.2.2 The actual operating conditions of the reference pressure vessel shall not be less than 80% of
its design conditions.

D.3 Design Conditions

D.3.1 The same structure and same medium as the reference pressure vessel.

D.3.2 The design temperature shall not be higher than the design tempera阳re of the reference pressure
vessel ; for pressure vessels with design temperature below O ℃， the design temperature of such
pressure vessels shall not be lower than the design temperature of the reference pressure vessel.

D.3.3 The design pressure shall not exceed the design pressure of the reference pressure vessel.

D.4 Structures

D.4.1 Comparative empirical des igned pressure vessels shall have the same or similar structures as
the reference pressure vessel, the structure similarity ratio of the main structure dimensions shall be
within the range of 0.85 ~ 1.15.

D.4.2 Under the premise of ensuring the use functions of the comparative empirical designed pressure
36
vessels, the structural optimization shall be considered to reduce the influence of the secondary stress
and peak stress caused by the discontinuity of the main structure and local structure of comparative
empirical designed pressure vessel.

D.5 Materials

D.5.1 The mechanical properties of the materials of the comparative empirical designed pressure
vessel at the design temperature shall not be lower than the corresponding requirements for the materials
of the reference pressure vessel.

D.5.2 The corrosion resistance of the materials of the comparative empirical designed pressure
vessel shall not be lower than the corresponding requirements for the materials of the reference pressure
vessel.

D.6 Design

D.6.1 As for the comparative empirical designed pressure vessels meeting the above requirements,
their structure size may be determined according to the structurally similar principles.

D.6.2 The design organization shall provide the design instructions.

D.6.3 Pressure vessels which are subjected to fatigue analysis according to 3.10.2 and 3.10.3 of
JB/T 4732- 1995 , when carry out the comparative empirical design of such vessels according to the
requirements of this Appendix, the fatigue analysis contents of such pressure vessels shall be supplemented
in the design instructions.

37
 Appendix E

(Normative)

Local Structure Stress Analysis and Evaluation

E.1 General Provisions

E.1.1 This Appendix specifies the general requirements for the vessels of which the local structure
adopts the stress analysis method (the main body is designed according to GB 150) as the design basis.

E.1.2 This Appendix applies only to the local structure of such vessel which cannot be designed and
calculated according to the requirements of GB 150.3.

E.2 Design Management

E.2.1 The design organization and designer carrying out the vessel local structure stress analysis
according to this Appendix generally are not required to hold the analysis and design qualifications.

E.2.2 The design organization shall be responsible for the accuracy of the local structure analysis;
the stress analysis report of local structure shall be used as the strength calculation note of corresponding
local structure.

E.3 Requirements for Strength Evaluation

E.3.1 The stress classification and the evaluation methods of stress analysis results shall be in line
with the provisions in JB/T 4732.

E.3.2 The design stress intensity of materials shall be determined in accordance with the allowable
stress of the corresponding material in GB 150.2.

E.4 The requirements on fabrication, inspection and testing, and acceptance of the local struc阳res
shall be in accordance with the corresponding provisions in JB/T 4732.

38
 Appendix F

(Normative)

Risk Assessment Report

F.1 General Provisions

F.1.1 This Appendix specifies the basic requirements for the risk assessment report.

F.1.2 The vessel designers shall draw up a Risk Assessment Report aiming at the expected vessel
service conditions according to the relevant laws and regulations or the requirements of the design-
trustor.

F.1.3 The designers shall give full consideration to the possible failure modes under a variety of
working conditions, put forward safety measures on the issues such as material selection, sfructural
design, fabrication inspection requirements and other aspects, to prevent any possible failure.

F.1.4 The designers shall provide the vessel users with any required infonnation to draw up emergency
plans for vessel incidents.

F.2 Principles and Procedures of Report Formulation

F.2.1 At the design stage, the risk assessment is mainly aimed at hazard identification and risk
control.

F.2.2 At the design stage, the risk assessment shall be conducted according to the following
procedures:

a) On the basis of the user design conditions and other design input information, to determine
the various use conditions of the vessel;

b) On the basis of the medium, operating conditions and environmental factors in various use
conditions to carry out hazard identification, to determine any possible hazards and consequences;

c) Contrary to all hazards and corresponding failure modes, to explain all safety protection
measures and evidences shall be taken;

d) With regard to all possible failure modes, provide the required information to draw up
emergency plans;

e) Form a complete risk assessment report.

F.3 Contents of Risk Assessment Report

A risk assessment report shall at least include:

a) The basic design parameters of pressure vessel: pressure, temperature, materials, medium
prope11ies and external loads, etc.;

b) Description of the operating conditions;

c) Possible hazards under all the operation and design conditions, such as: explosions, leakage,
breakage, deformation, etc.;

d) For the failure modes have been specified in standards, illustrating the terms of that standard;
39
 e) For the failure modes have not been specified in standards, illustrating the selection basis of
the design loads, safety factors and the corresponding calculation methods;

ηMeasures on how to deal with small amount leakages and large amount emissions of medium
and explosive situations;

g) Specify appropriate personnel protective equipment and measures according to possible i时urγ
situation of surrounding personnel;

h) The risk assessment report shall have consistent signatures as the design drawings.

40